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Photon

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{{jargon}}A '''photon''' * is a fundamental particle belonging to a group of particles called light. The term was coined by the ''bosons''American physical chemist Gilbert Newton Lewis.<ref>{{cite web |title=Should creationists accept quantum mechanics?|author=Jonathan Sarfati|publisher=CMI|url=https://creation.com/creationists-quantum-mechanics#txtRef15|accessdate=August 1, which2013|quote=Einstein called this Lichtquant or light quantum, according to but the quantum field theory, have integer spins. * Photons mediate American physical chemist Gilbert Newton Lewis (1875–1946) coined the electro-magnetic force, term photon which includes both magnetism and electricity. stuck}}</ref>
When we "see"Photons are [[bosons]], our eyes that is, particles that have integer [[Quantum field theory#Field Bosons Mediate Action At a Distance|spin]]. In [[quantum field theory]], photons are receiving streams the mediators of photons reflected from the objects around us[[electromagnetism|electromagnetic force]].
In classical ==Historical development==Since Newton's publication of his Opticks in 1704, his corpuscle theory of light dominated the world of physics there was a disagreement about . However, this changed in the fundamental nature 19th century with experiments done by Augustin-Jean Fresnel and Thomas Young, which supported Christian Huygens's wave theory. One of the proofs for this is that light experiences [[lightOptics#Physical optics|interference]] - whether it was a and [[particleOptics#Physical optics|diffraction]] or , which would not be displayed if light were a classical particle. Furthermore, [[waveJames Clerk Maxwell]], as it seemed to exhibit the properties theoretical prediction of both. The accepted explanation now is that it is a particleelectromagnetic waves, and that its wave-like properties arise from its lack of mass (so that it can distribute forces over long distances) and from the following together with [[interferenceHertz|Heinrich Hertz]] phenomenon typical experiments led to all quantum particlesconclude that light was an electromagnetic wave.
In However, a phenomenon called the [[quantum mechanicsphotoelectric effect]], one can no longer say for sure what the outcome of an experiment will beled to a different conclusion.{{fact}} The only meaningful question photoelectric is what the probability emission of electrons from a metal which is illuminated with light. This by itself is in no contradiction to the wave theory of light, but certain peculiarities of it were. For example, it was observed that no electrons were emitted unless the experiment will produce frequency of light was greater than a particular resultthreshold frequency, regardless of how intense the light beam was. These probabilities are absolute squares Also, the energy of [[complex numbers]] called ''[[amplitudes]]'' associated the emitted electrons was dependent only on the light frequency, not in its intensity. Since the energy of a wave depends on its amplitude, which in turn is related to its intensity, this was in contradiction with the possible outcomes wave theory of an experimentlight.
Now in [[classical physicsAlbert Einstein]]solved this problem arguing that light is really a particle, which was called a photon, if the outcome each of which carry an experiment could happen in 2 waysenergy given by ''h*f'', with probabilities A where ''h'' is [[Planck's constant]] and B, we would expect that ''f'' is the probability frequency of this outcome would be A+Bthe light. HoweverMore intense light involves more photons, in quantum mechanics, instead but the energy of adding the probabilities (that each photon individually depends only on its frequency. This explained why there isa threshold frequency before a metal emits electrons: A single photon must be energetic enough to knock out an electron, adding and so increasing the squares of the amplitudesintensity (sending more photons), we add will not solve the amplitudes first, and then square this to obtain the correct probabilityproblem. These means that Only increasing the amplitudes associated to frequency (increasing the two possible outcomes can constructively or destructively interfere with each other, which gives rise to the wave-like behavior observed in quantum mechanicsenergy per photon) will do.
In standard interpretations of quantum mechanics, light behaves both as a wave and as a particle. The existence of photons is now well accepted by the physics community, and its implication has gone well beyond the photoelectric effect.  ==Physics of photons==The Energy of a photon depends on its frequency and is given by the equation: <math>E = hf</math> where ''f'' is the frequency of the electromagnetic wave and ''h'' is Planck's constant and has the numerical value of <math>6.626\times10^{-34}</math>Js ([[category:Joule]]s times second) or <math>4.135\times10^{-15}</math>eV s (electron volts times second).The [[momentum (physics)|momentum]] of a photon can be expressed as:<math>E = pc</math> ==References==<references/>  ==See also==*[[Optics#Physical optics|Interference]] [[Category:Particle Physics]]
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