Difference between revisions of "Phillips curve"

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(New version - even more simplified than the original, but much clearer and more informative than the current)
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The key problem, however, was primarily that the Phillips curve lacked a distinction between the [[short run]] and [[long run]] timeframes. As the accompanying diagram shows, changes in the structure of the economy (such as those caused by [[exogenous]] supply shocks) shift the short-run Phillips curve either up or down, such that any given level of [[unemployment]] corresponds to a higher or lower [[price level]]. According to this view, the inverse relationship between [[inflation]] and [[unemployment]] still holds, though the precise values of each that correspond to one another at any given short-run [[equilibrium]] may vary when supply side effects are at work.  
 
The key problem, however, was primarily that the Phillips curve lacked a distinction between the [[short run]] and [[long run]] timeframes. As the accompanying diagram shows, changes in the structure of the economy (such as those caused by [[exogenous]] supply shocks) shift the short-run Phillips curve either up or down, such that any given level of [[unemployment]] corresponds to a higher or lower [[price level]]. According to this view, the inverse relationship between [[inflation]] and [[unemployment]] still holds, though the precise values of each that correspond to one another at any given short-run [[equilibrium]] may vary when supply side effects are at work.  
  
The long-run Phillips curve is drawn as a vertical line at the [[NAIRU]] (the Non-Accelerating Inflation Rate of Unemployment), and exemplifies the idea (adopted primarily by [[neoclassical]] economists) that in the [[long run]], the [[natural rate of unemployment]] will remain constant at the [[NAIRU]], though the corresponding rate of [[inflation]] may change over time.   
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The Long-run Phillips curve (LRPC) is drawn as a vertical line at the [[NAIRU]] (the Non-Accelerating Inflation Rate of Unemployment), and exemplifies the idea (adopted primarily by [[neoclassical]] economists) that in the [[long run]], the [[natural rate of unemployment]] will remain constant at the [[NAIRU]], though the corresponding rate of [[inflation]] may change over time.   
  
  
 
[[Category:Economics]]
 
[[Category:Economics]]

Revision as of 04:19, June 23, 2009

In economics, the Phillips curve is a graphical representation of the idea that there exists an inverse relationship between inflation and unemployment. In a standard Phillips curve diagram, the inflation rate or price level is plotted on the vertical axis, and the rate of unemployment on the horizontal.

NAIRU.png

In the 1970's and 1980's, monetarists such as Milton Friedman argued that the Phillips curve was an example of the inability of Keynesian economics and demand-management policies to account for or address the phenomenon of supply-side (cost-push) inflation or "stagflation." In other words, supply-siders were of the belief that the model could not adequately describe inflation that resulted from sources other than excess demand in the economy, such as exogenous supply shocks (sudden disruptions to supply).

The key problem, however, was primarily that the Phillips curve lacked a distinction between the short run and long run timeframes. As the accompanying diagram shows, changes in the structure of the economy (such as those caused by exogenous supply shocks) shift the short-run Phillips curve either up or down, such that any given level of unemployment corresponds to a higher or lower price level. According to this view, the inverse relationship between inflation and unemployment still holds, though the precise values of each that correspond to one another at any given short-run equilibrium may vary when supply side effects are at work.

The Long-run Phillips curve (LRPC) is drawn as a vertical line at the NAIRU (the Non-Accelerating Inflation Rate of Unemployment), and exemplifies the idea (adopted primarily by neoclassical economists) that in the long run, the natural rate of unemployment will remain constant at the NAIRU, though the corresponding rate of inflation may change over time.