Difference between revisions of "New Mexico"

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(Notable people associated with New Mexico)
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|date=January 6, 1912 (47th)
 
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'''New Mexico''' became 47th state to join the union on January 6, 1912. It is the fifth largest of the [[United States]], with a total land area of 121,412 square miles<ref> http://www.newmexico.gov/ </ref>. New Mexico has the largest [[Hispanic]] population, percentage-wise, of any US State. Its official state question is "red or green?".
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'''New Mexico''' became 47th state to join the union on January 6, 1912. It is the fifth largest of the [[United States]], with a total land area of 121,412 square miles<ref> http://www.newmexico.gov/ </ref>. New Mexico has the largest [[Hispanic]] population, and second largest [[Native American]] population, percentage-wise, of any US State. The State has a bold history and colorful culture, the official state question is "red or green?" in reference to the State's unique [[Chile (Capsicum)|chile pepper]]. Politically the State is very much as Independent swing state, that usually votes for the incumbent, and much like West Texas the state also leans [[Libertarian]] especially in Central and Western New Mexico.
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Despite popular opinion, New Mexico's name originates from long before it was a territory of Mexico or the United States. New Mexico was named by Spanish explorers who mistook the advanced Pueblo natives as being related to the Mexica ([[Aztecs]]). The full name of the colony, as well as the Mexican and American territories, was Santa Fe de Nuevo México] (Holy Faith of New Mexico).
  
 
The state is bordered by [[Colorado]], [[Arizona]], [[Utah]], [[Oklahoma]] and [[Texas]]. It also borders [[Mexico]].  
 
The state is bordered by [[Colorado]], [[Arizona]], [[Utah]], [[Oklahoma]] and [[Texas]]. It also borders [[Mexico]].  
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The current governor of New Mexico is [[conservative]] [[Republican]] [[Susana Martinez]].
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==History==
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===Native Americans===
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The Native American groups of New Mexico are the Pueblo, Apache, and Navajo. The Navajo Nation also is present in Arizona and Utah.
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===Santa Fe de Nuevo México (1598-1912)===
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The Spanish colony of Santa Fe de Nuevo México was started by Juan de Oñate in 1598, who initially believed that, similar to the Aztecs, the town dwelling Pueblo natives to be rich in Gold. He attempted to make the colony into a viceroyalty, but was unable to convince the leaders back in Europe. Instead the Spanish leadership from Europe made increasingly brutal laws against the Spanish colonists and the Pueblo natives. They banned Pueblo religious practices, and punished poorer colonists and Pueblos with forced labor and taxes.
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====Pueblo Revolt (1680)====
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The Pueblo first attempted to request more religious liberty, as the Pueblo religion was largely peaceful in nature, but Pueblo leaders that attempted the request were publicly executed. Popé, a Pueblo man from Ohkay Owingeh Pueblo near Santa Fe, became a charismatic leader of the Pueblo groups. He lead the Pueblos in a unified revolt against the Spanish, this was the first successful revolt of Americans against oppressive European rule.<ref>[http://newmexico.heavensentgaming.com/encyclopedia/history/ New Mexico History] on the [[New Mexico Cultural Encyclopedia, Lexicon, and News]]</ref> The Pueblos allowed the Spanish colonists to flee to [[El Paso]].
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====Return of the colonists (1692)====
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Diego de Vargas lead the colonists back to New Mexico in 1692, in what was called the Bloodless Reconquest. The Spanish gave clemency to the Pueblos, and the Pueblo people agreed to peace under the agreement of greater representation and better religious freedoms. The Pueblo and Spanish still had several contentions, but relations between them was much better this time around, especially since forced labor and taxes were no longer enforced. They would often together to stave off attacks from the Apache, Navajo, and Comanche. Eventually peace was also made with the Apache, Navajo, and Comanche.
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====Mexican territory (1821)====
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Mexico declared independence in 1821. Mexico's policies worsened relations with the Native Americans, and again caused the resurgence in raids. This was the beginning of the [[Wild West]], which lasted through the Mexican and American territorial phases, New Mexico was a major part of the Wild West supplying major Western icons such as the cowboy, the Sheriff, [[Billy the Kid]], old Spanish town squares, and the settings of deserts, prairies, and mountains. Troubles from the neighbors to the east also became an issue, [[Texas]] declared its own Independence from Mexico, and attempted to annex everything east of the Rio Grande. All the while, Mexico was taking land from the original settlers of New Mexico as well as American land-grantees.
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====American territory (1948)====
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The Mexican-American war resulted in New Mexico becoming an American territory. U.S. Presidents [[Zachary Taylor]] and [[Abraham Lincoln]] both called for the immediate statehood of New Mexico, since New Mexico's law had already prohibited slavery since the Pueblo Revolt, in order to side-step the impending [[Civil War]]. Unfortunately, statehood did not come to New Mexico until 1912. The New Mexico Campaign during the Civil War was an important battlefield, the Confederacy attempted to capture Albuquerque but was only temporarily successful. This instead bolstered the American soldiers, consisting mostly of descendants of New Mexican Spanish and Pueblo, to chase the Confederate soldiars to Glorieta Pass.
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===The State of New Mexico (1912)===
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New Mexico became the 47th State of the Union in 1912. The Daughters of the American Revolution for a State flag in 1920, and that call was answered in 1925 by Dr. Harry P. Mera. The flag consists of the Zia Pueblo sun symbol in Spanish red on a field of Spanish yellow, this design has won the North American Vexillological Association's best flag design for U.S. states, territories, or Canadian provinces numerous times.
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:I salute the flag of the state of New Mexico, the Zia symbol of perfect friendship among united cultures.
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::from the New Mexico Statutes and Court Rules, Section 12-3-3, to be said after the Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag of the United States of America.
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During [[World War II]], New Mexico played a pivotal role as not only the namesake of the [[New Mexico-class battleship]], but also as the birthplace of the Navajo Code Talkers who created the only uncracked code of WWII which saved countless lives in the Pacific Theatre, and more importantly as the primary place of research and technology at Los Alamos which housed some of the smartest men in the country including [[Albert Einstein]], and the White Sands Military Testing Facility for testing the Nuclear bomb.
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New Mexico has continued to at the forefront of science, including Sandia Labs and the Los Alamos Laboratories. Technology by Ed Roberts' MITS with their Altair computer kits, which attracted both [[Paul Allen]] and [[Bill Gates]] to start [[Microsoft]] in [[Albuquerque]]. [[Intel]] continues to have a fabricating facility in Rio Rancho, near Albuquerque.
  
 
==Elected Officials==
 
==Elected Officials==
  
 
===Federal===
 
===Federal===
*Sen. [[Jeff Bingaman]] (D)
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*Sen. [[Martin Heinrich]] (D)
 
*Sen. [[Tom Udall]] (D)
 
*Sen. [[Tom Udall]] (D)
*Rep. [[Martin Heinrich]] [D, NM-01]
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*Rep. [[Michelle Lujan Grisham]] [D, NM-01]
 
*Rep. [[Steve Pearce]] [R, NM-02]
 
*Rep. [[Steve Pearce]] [R, NM-02]
*Rep. [[Ben R. Lujan]] [D, NM-03]
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*Rep. [[Ben Ray Luján]] [D, NM-03]
  
 
===Statewide===
 
===Statewide===

Revision as of 13:34, September 14, 2015

New Mexico
Capital Santa Fe
Nickname The Land of Enchantment
Official Language English, Spanish
Governor Susana Martinez, R
Senator Jeff Bingaman, D
(202) 224-5521
Contact
Senator Tom Udall, D
(202) 224-6621
Contact
Ratification of Constitution/or statehood January 6, 1912 (47th)
Flag of New Mexico Motto: Crescit eundo (It grows as it goes)

New Mexico became 47th state to join the union on January 6, 1912. It is the fifth largest of the United States, with a total land area of 121,412 square miles[1]. New Mexico has the largest Hispanic population, and second largest Native American population, percentage-wise, of any US State. The State has a bold history and colorful culture, the official state question is "red or green?" in reference to the State's unique chile pepper. Politically the State is very much as Independent swing state, that usually votes for the incumbent, and much like West Texas the state also leans Libertarian especially in Central and Western New Mexico.

Despite popular opinion, New Mexico's name originates from long before it was a territory of Mexico or the United States. New Mexico was named by Spanish explorers who mistook the advanced Pueblo natives as being related to the Mexica (Aztecs). The full name of the colony, as well as the Mexican and American territories, was Santa Fe de Nuevo México] (Holy Faith of New Mexico).

The state is bordered by Colorado, Arizona, Utah, Oklahoma and Texas. It also borders Mexico.

The current governor of New Mexico is conservative Republican Susana Martinez.

History

Native Americans

The Native American groups of New Mexico are the Pueblo, Apache, and Navajo. The Navajo Nation also is present in Arizona and Utah.

Santa Fe de Nuevo México (1598-1912)

The Spanish colony of Santa Fe de Nuevo México was started by Juan de Oñate in 1598, who initially believed that, similar to the Aztecs, the town dwelling Pueblo natives to be rich in Gold. He attempted to make the colony into a viceroyalty, but was unable to convince the leaders back in Europe. Instead the Spanish leadership from Europe made increasingly brutal laws against the Spanish colonists and the Pueblo natives. They banned Pueblo religious practices, and punished poorer colonists and Pueblos with forced labor and taxes.

Pueblo Revolt (1680)

The Pueblo first attempted to request more religious liberty, as the Pueblo religion was largely peaceful in nature, but Pueblo leaders that attempted the request were publicly executed. Popé, a Pueblo man from Ohkay Owingeh Pueblo near Santa Fe, became a charismatic leader of the Pueblo groups. He lead the Pueblos in a unified revolt against the Spanish, this was the first successful revolt of Americans against oppressive European rule.[2] The Pueblos allowed the Spanish colonists to flee to El Paso.

Return of the colonists (1692)

Diego de Vargas lead the colonists back to New Mexico in 1692, in what was called the Bloodless Reconquest. The Spanish gave clemency to the Pueblos, and the Pueblo people agreed to peace under the agreement of greater representation and better religious freedoms. The Pueblo and Spanish still had several contentions, but relations between them was much better this time around, especially since forced labor and taxes were no longer enforced. They would often together to stave off attacks from the Apache, Navajo, and Comanche. Eventually peace was also made with the Apache, Navajo, and Comanche.

Mexican territory (1821)

Mexico declared independence in 1821. Mexico's policies worsened relations with the Native Americans, and again caused the resurgence in raids. This was the beginning of the Wild West, which lasted through the Mexican and American territorial phases, New Mexico was a major part of the Wild West supplying major Western icons such as the cowboy, the Sheriff, Billy the Kid, old Spanish town squares, and the settings of deserts, prairies, and mountains. Troubles from the neighbors to the east also became an issue, Texas declared its own Independence from Mexico, and attempted to annex everything east of the Rio Grande. All the while, Mexico was taking land from the original settlers of New Mexico as well as American land-grantees.

American territory (1948)

The Mexican-American war resulted in New Mexico becoming an American territory. U.S. Presidents Zachary Taylor and Abraham Lincoln both called for the immediate statehood of New Mexico, since New Mexico's law had already prohibited slavery since the Pueblo Revolt, in order to side-step the impending Civil War. Unfortunately, statehood did not come to New Mexico until 1912. The New Mexico Campaign during the Civil War was an important battlefield, the Confederacy attempted to capture Albuquerque but was only temporarily successful. This instead bolstered the American soldiers, consisting mostly of descendants of New Mexican Spanish and Pueblo, to chase the Confederate soldiars to Glorieta Pass.

The State of New Mexico (1912)

New Mexico became the 47th State of the Union in 1912. The Daughters of the American Revolution for a State flag in 1920, and that call was answered in 1925 by Dr. Harry P. Mera. The flag consists of the Zia Pueblo sun symbol in Spanish red on a field of Spanish yellow, this design has won the North American Vexillological Association's best flag design for U.S. states, territories, or Canadian provinces numerous times.

I salute the flag of the state of New Mexico, the Zia symbol of perfect friendship among united cultures.
from the New Mexico Statutes and Court Rules, Section 12-3-3, to be said after the Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag of the United States of America.

During World War II, New Mexico played a pivotal role as not only the namesake of the New Mexico-class battleship, but also as the birthplace of the Navajo Code Talkers who created the only uncracked code of WWII which saved countless lives in the Pacific Theatre, and more importantly as the primary place of research and technology at Los Alamos which housed some of the smartest men in the country including Albert Einstein, and the White Sands Military Testing Facility for testing the Nuclear bomb.

New Mexico has continued to at the forefront of science, including Sandia Labs and the Los Alamos Laboratories. Technology by Ed Roberts' MITS with their Altair computer kits, which attracted both Paul Allen and Bill Gates to start Microsoft in Albuquerque. Intel continues to have a fabricating facility in Rio Rancho, near Albuquerque.

Elected Officials

Federal

Statewide

Population

The state capital is Santa Fe. The cities with the largest populations are: Albuquerque, 494,236; Las Cruces, 82,671; Santa Fe, 70,631; Rio Rancho, 66,599; and Roswell, 45,199.

The total population of 1,928,384 includes a high number of peoples of Hispanic origin and of Native American (Indian) descent. [3]

Climate

New Mexico's weather is usually sunny and dry, with little rainfall all year. [4]

Nmexico.jpg

Geography

The land includes areas of dry desert and forest, and has many mountainous regions, including the Sangre de Cristo mountain range, and the Jemez Mountains. [5]

The highest point in New Mexico is Wheeler Peak at 13,161 feet above sea level, and the lowest point is at Red Bluff Reservoir, 2,842 feet above sea level. [6]

Industry

Agriculture is important to New Mexico, but the lack of irrigation hinders using much of the land for farming. Much of the farmed land is located around the two major rivers which flow through the state: the Rio Grande and Pecos River.

Much of the land is used for grazing livestock, especially sheep. More than two-thirds of New Mexico's farm income comes from livestock products. Another large industry in the state is mining, particularly copper, silver, and uranium. [7]

Transportation

Interstate Highways 10, 25 and 40 traverse the state. New Mexico's largest commercial airport is Albuquerque's International Sunport. [8]

Places of Interest

The Rio Grande River running through Albuquerque.

Notable people associated with New Mexico

Bella Donna by Georgia O'Keeffe, 1939.

References

  1. http://www.newmexico.gov/
  2. New Mexico History on the New Mexico Cultural Encyclopedia, Lexicon, and News
  3. http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/35000.html
  4. http://weather.nmsu.edu/News/climate-in-NM.htm
  5. http://www.americansouthwest.net/new_mexico/jemez_mountains/
  6. http://www.netstate.com/states/geography/nm_geography.htm
  7. http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0108250.html
  8. http://nmshtd.state.nm.us/