Difference between revisions of "Lesbianism and obesity"

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(Lesbianism and obesity - foot/ankle problems + balance problems and increased risk of falls)
(→‎Lesbianism, obesity, coronavirus infections and medical complications)
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[[File:11834504 3cc3c49559.jpg|180px|right|thumbnail|In April of 2007, the ''American Journal of Public Health'' analyzed data from 2002 National Survey of Family Growth and the data suggested that [[United States|American]] [[lesbianism|lesbian]] women were 2.69 times more likely to be overweight and 2.47 times more likely to be obese than all other female sexual orientation groups.
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[[File:11834504 3cc3c49559.jpg|180px|right|thumbnail|In April 2007, the ''American Journal of Public Health'' analyzed data from 2002 National Survey of Family Growth and the data suggested that [[United States|American]] [[lesbianism|lesbian]] women were 2.69 times more likely to be overweight and 2.47 times more likely to be obese than all other female sexual orientation groups.
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<ref name="ajph">[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=17463369&ordinalpos=1&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum Overweight and Obesity in Sexual-Minority Women: Evidence From Population-Based Data, Ulrike Boehmer, Deborah J. Bowen, Greta R. Bauer, American Journal of Public Health, 2007 Jun;97(6):1134-40. E pub 2007 Apr 26.]</ref>
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<ref name="ajph">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=17463369&ordinalpos=1&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum Overweight and Obesity in Sexual-Minority Women: Evidence From Population-Based Data, Ulrike Boehmer, Deborah J. Bowen, Greta R. Bauer, American Journal of Public Health, 2007 Jun;97(6):1134-40. E pub 2007 Apr 26.]</ref> ]]
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In 2013, the [[National Institutes of Health]] (NIH) reported that 75% of American [[lesbianism|lesbians]] are [[obese]].<ref>[http://cnsnews.com/news/article/feds-spend-15-million-study-why-lesbians-are-fat Feds Spend $1.5 Million to Study Why Lesbians Are Fat - CNS News]</ref><ref>[http://radio.foxnews.com/toddstarnes/top-stories/feds-spend-1-5-million-to-study-obese-lesbians.html Feds Spend $1.5 million to Study Obese Lesbians]</ref> In April 2007, the ''American Journal of Public Health''  analyzed data from 2002 National Survey of Family Growth and the data suggested that [[United States|American]] [[lesbianism|lesbian]] women were 2.69 times more likely to be overweight and 2.47 times more likely to be obese than all other female sexual orientation groups.
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<ref name="ajph"/> The abstract for this study indicated that "lesbians are at greater risk for morbidity and mortality linked to overweight and obesity." <ref name="ajph" />  
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<small>(photo obtained from [http://www.flickr.com/photos/wader/11834504/ Flickr], see [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/deed.en license agreement])</small> ]]
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Concerning '''lesbianism and obesity''', in April of 2007, the'' American Journal of Public Health''  analyzed data from 2002 National Survey of Family Growth and the data suggested that [[United States|American]] [[lesbianism|lesbian]] women were 2.69 times more likely to be overweight and 2.47 times more likely to be obese than all other female sexual orientation groups.
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<ref name="ajph">[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=17463369&ordinalpos=1&itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum Overweight and Obesity in Sexual-Minority Women: Evidence From Population-Based Data, Ulrike Boehmer, Deborah J. Bowen, Greta R. Bauer, American Journal of Public Health, 2007 Jun;97(6):1134-40. E pub 2007 Apr 26.]</ref> The abstract for this study indicated that "lesbians are at greater risk for morbidity and mortality linked to overweight and obesity." <ref name="ajph" />  
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In 2009, the ''PubMed'' article abstract for the Polish psychiatry journal ''Psychiatria Polska'' article ''Body Image in [[Homosexual]] Persons'' declared:
 
In 2009, the ''PubMed'' article abstract for the Polish psychiatry journal ''Psychiatria Polska'' article ''Body Image in [[Homosexual]] Persons'' declared:
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{{Cquote|Homosexual women are less concentrated on physical appearance and more satisfied with their bodies while being more tolerant to obesity.... For lesbian women the ideal body image is more massive than for heterosexual women.<ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19694404?itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum&ordinalpos=1</ref>}}
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{{Cquote|Homosexual women are less concentrated on physical appearance and more satisfied with their bodies while being more tolerant to obesity.... For lesbian women the ideal body image is more massive than for heterosexual women.<ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19694404?itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum&ordinalpos=1</ref>}}
  
 
In 2007, a purported [[lesbian]] wrote to [[Andrew Sullivan]], the political commentator and administrator of ''The Daily Dish'' blog:
 
In 2007, a purported [[lesbian]] wrote to [[Andrew Sullivan]], the political commentator and administrator of ''The Daily Dish'' blog:
 
{{Cquote|And - oh heck, I'll admit it - aesthetics have value, too! As a woman, I may not be as focused on looks as men are predisposed to be, but I sure am tired of seeing so many queer ladies out there who are way past 200 pounds. Way, way past. Sorry, but no amount of "fat acceptance" is going to make that a pleasant sight - gay, straight, butch, femme, male or female.<ref>http://andrewsullivan.theatlantic.com/the_daily_dish/2007/05/obesity_and_les.html</ref>}}
 
{{Cquote|And - oh heck, I'll admit it - aesthetics have value, too! As a woman, I may not be as focused on looks as men are predisposed to be, but I sure am tired of seeing so many queer ladies out there who are way past 200 pounds. Way, way past. Sorry, but no amount of "fat acceptance" is going to make that a pleasant sight - gay, straight, butch, femme, male or female.<ref>http://andrewsullivan.theatlantic.com/the_daily_dish/2007/05/obesity_and_les.html</ref>}}
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== Lesbianism, obesity, coronavirus infections and medical complications ==
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*[[Homosexuality, coronavirus infections and medical complications#Lesbianism, obesity, coronavirus infections and medical complications|Lesbianism, obesity, coronavirus infections and medical complications]]
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== Physical and mental health related problems associated with obesity ==
 
== Physical and mental health related problems associated with obesity ==
  
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''See also:'' [[Physical and mental health related problems associated with obesity]] and [[Atheism and Mental and Physical Health]]
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''See also:'' [[Health risks linked to obesity]] and [[Atheism and Mental and Physical Health]]
  
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Some of the medical conditions associated with [[obesity]] include: type 2 [[diabetes]], [[high blood pressure]], high [[cholesterol]] and [[triglyceride]]s, coronary artery disease (CAD), [[stroke]], [[arthritis]], [[cancer]], sleep apnea, [[reproduction|reproductive problems]] in women and varicose veins.<ref>http://www.webmd.com/diet/tc/obesity-health-risks-of-obesity</ref><ref>http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/topics/obesity/calltoaction/fact_consequences.htm</ref><ref>http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Risk/obesity</ref><ref>http://stanfordhospital.org/clinicsmedServices/COE/surgicalServices/vascularSurgery/patientEducation/varicose.html</ref>  In addition, [[medical science]] research indicates that excess weight impairs brain function.<ref>http://pn.psychiatryonline.org/content/41/18/25.1.full</ref><ref>http://health.usnews.com/health-news/family-health/brain-and-behavior/articles/2009/08/25/as-waistlines-widen-brains-shrink.html</ref><ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21167850</ref><ref>http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/07/100714112832.htm</ref><ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/2568718/</ref>
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Some of the medical conditions associated with [[obesity]] include: type 2 [[diabetes]], [[high blood pressure]], high [[cholesterol]] and [[triglyceride]]s, coronary artery disease (CAD), [[stroke]], [[arthritis]], [[cancer]], sleep apnea, [[reproduction|reproductive problems]] in women and varicose veins.<ref>http://www.webmd.com/diet/tc/obesity-health-risks-of-obesity</ref><ref>http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/topics/obesity/calltoaction/fact_consequences.htm</ref><ref>http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Risk/obesity</ref><ref>http://stanfordhospital.org/clinicsmedServices/COE/surgicalServices/vascularSurgery/patientEducation/varicose.html</ref>  In addition, [[medical science]] research indicates that excess weight impairs brain function.<ref name="pn.psychiatryonline.org">http://pn.psychiatryonline.org/content/41/18/25.1.full</ref><ref name="health.usnews.com">http://health.usnews.com/health-news/family-health/brain-and-behavior/articles/2009/08/25/as-waistlines-widen-brains-shrink.html</ref><ref name="ncbi.nlm.nih.gov">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21167850</ref><ref name="sciencedaily.com">https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/07/100714112832.htm</ref><ref name="ReferenceA">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/2568718/</ref>
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[[Image:Cerebellum.png|right|thumb|240px|Medical research indicates that excess weight impairs brain function.<ref>http://pn.psychiatryonline.org/content/41/18/25.1.full</ref><ref>http://health.usnews.com/health-news/family-health/brain-and-behavior/articles/2009/08/25/as-waistlines-widen-brains-shrink.html</ref><ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21167850</ref><ref>http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/07/100714112832.htm</ref><ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/2568718/</ref> ]]  
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[[Image:Cerebellum.png|right|thumb|240px|Medical research indicates that excess weight impairs brain function.<ref name="pn.psychiatryonline.org"/><ref name="health.usnews.com"/><ref name="ncbi.nlm.nih.gov"/><ref name="sciencedaily.com"/><ref name="ReferenceA"/>]]  
 
According to the Mayo Clinic some of the symptoms associated with obesity can include:
 
According to the Mayo Clinic some of the symptoms associated with obesity can include:
 
{{cquote|
 
{{cquote|
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Obesity and the feet/ankles: According to Stuart D. Miller, M.D.: "It is important for the public to know that obesity isn't just an aesthetic issue, but a contributing cause of musculoskeletal health problems, specifically with the feet and ankles."<ref>[http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/releases/27570.php Survey Suggests Obesity May Cause Foot Problems]</ref>
 
Obesity and the feet/ankles: According to Stuart D. Miller, M.D.: "It is important for the public to know that obesity isn't just an aesthetic issue, but a contributing cause of musculoskeletal health problems, specifically with the feet and ankles."<ref>[http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/releases/27570.php Survey Suggests Obesity May Cause Foot Problems]</ref>
  
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Balance problems and increased risk of falls:  In her thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, entitled ''A modeling investigation of obesity and balance recovery'', Sara Louise Matrangola writes in the abstract: "Obesity is associated with an increased risk of falls and subsequent injury. Previous studies have shown weight loss and strength training to be beneficial to balance, but knowing which is more beneficial will allow researchers to design interventions to maximize the benefits in terms of balance and reducing risk of falls."<ref>[http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07162008-101646/unrestricted/matrangola_thesis_etd.pdf Thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, entitled ''A modeling investigation of obesity and balance recovery''by Sara Louise Matrangola]</ref>  
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Lower levels of balance recovery and increased risk of falls:  In her thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, entitled ''A modeling investigation of obesity and balance recovery'', Sara Louise Matrangola writes in the abstract: "Obesity is associated with an increased risk of falls and subsequent injury. Previous studies have shown weight loss and strength training to be beneficial to balance, but knowing which is more beneficial will allow researchers to design interventions to maximize the benefits in terms of balance and reducing risk of falls."<ref>[http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07162008-101646/unrestricted/matrangola_thesis_etd.pdf Thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, entitled ''A modeling investigation of obesity and balance recovery''by Sara Louise Matrangola]</ref>
  
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=== Obesity and Alzheimer's disease ===
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==See also==
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''See also:'' [[Obesity and Alzheimer's disease]]
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[[File:PET Alzheimer.jpg|thumbnail|250px|right|A PET scan of the brain of an individual with Alzheimer's disease reveals a loss of function in the temporal lobe.]]
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In 2005, WebMD published:
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{{cquote|People with diabetes are at particularly high risk of [[Alzheimer's disease]]. But now there's strong evidence that people with high insulin levels -- long before they get diabetes -- already are on the road to Alzheimer's disease.
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As the body becomes more and more overweight, it becomes more and more resistant to the blood-sugar-lowering effects of insulin. To counter this insulin resistance, the body keeps making more insulin...
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'''Insulin Triggers Amyloid Buildup'''
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High insulin levels are known to cause blood vessels to become inflamed....
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One dangerous effect of this insulin-caused brain inflammation is increased brain levels of beta-amyloid. Beta-amyloid is the twisted protein that's the main ingredient in the sticky plaques that clog the brains of people with Alzheimer's disease.
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"What was striking was the magnitude of the effect," Craft tells WebMD. "Inflammation can be a result of amyloid elevations but can also create an environment in which amyloid is made more readily. Inflammation can be both the result and cause of amyloid production."<ref>[http://www.webmd.com/alzheimers/guide/20061101/obesity-alzheimers-risk Obesity and Alzheimer's: High Insulin Levels Linked to Alzheimer's]</ref>}}
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A 2009 health report on a medical study indicated:
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{{cquote|They compared the brain scan of 94 people in their 70s who were obese & overweight. They found that the obese had lost tissue in the frontal & temporal lobes areas critical for planning & memory. Declines were also seen in areas used for attention & executive functions, long term memory & movement
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A neurologist Professor Paul Thompson said, “That's a big loss of tissue and it depletes your cognitive reserves, putting you at much greater risk of Alzheimer's and other diseases that attack the brain. But you can greatly reduce your risk for Alzheimer's if you can eat healthily and keep your weight under control.”M<ref>[http://thehealthage.blogspot.com/2009/08/obese-people-are-more-at-risk-to.html Obese people are more at risk of Alzheimer’s]</ref>}}
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=== Health effects of Alzheimer's disease ===
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''See also:'' [[Effects of Alzheimer's disease on the brain]]
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[[File:Temporal lobe animation small.gif|thumb|right|200px|An animation of a human left [[temporal lobes|temporal lobe]] (right is side similar).
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<br /><br />
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<small>(photo obtained from [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Temporal_lobe_animation_small.gif Wikimedia commons], see: [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Temporal_lobe_animation_small.gif license agreement])</small>]]
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[[Alzheimer's disease]] is "characterised by loss of neurons and synapses in the [[cerebral cortex]] and certain subcortical regions. This loss results in gross atrophy of the affected regions, including degeneration in the [[temporal lobes|temporal lobe]] and [[parietal lobe]], and parts of the frontal cortex and cingulate gyrus.<ref>http://www.news-medical.net/health/Neurodegeneration-in-Alzheimers-and-Parkinsons.aspx</ref> Some of the primary symptoms of Alzheimer's disease are: memory problems, mood swings, emotional outbursts, brain stem damage which impairs function in the heart, lungs plus causes disruption of various other bodily processes.<ref>http://www.dementiacarecentral.com/node/559</ref>
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An abstract of the medical study entitled ''Measures to Assess the Noncognitive Symptoms of Dementia in the Primary Care Setting'' by Brent P. Forester, M.D. and Thomas E. Oxman, M.D. inidcated "Noncognitive symptoms associated with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias include psychosis, mood disturbances, personality changes, agitation, aggression, pacing, wandering, altered sexual behavior, changed sleep patterns, and appetite disturbances. These noncognitive symptoms of dementia are common, disabling to both the patient and the caregiver, and costly."<ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC419385/</ref>
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According to the Center for Neuro Skills:
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{{cquote|Kolb & Wishaw (1990) have identified eight principle symptoms of temporal lobe damage: 1) disturbance of auditory sensation and perception, 2) disturbance of selective attention of auditory and visual input, 3) disorders of visual perception, 4) impaired organization and categorization of verbal material, 5) disturbance of language comprehension, 6) impaired long-term memory, 7) altered personality and affective behavior, 8) altered sexual behavior.<ref>http://www.neuroskills.com/tbi/btemporl.shtml</ref>}}
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=== Obesity, dementia, Alzheimer's disease and prevention ===
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''See also:'' [[Alzheimer's disease and prevention]]
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Weili Xu, a researcher at the [[Karolinska Institute]] in [[Stockholm]], declared: "Our results contribute to the growing evidence that controlling body weight or losing weight in middle age could reduce your risk of [[dementia]]".<ref>[http://www.alzheimersreadingroom.com/2011/05/obesity-in-middle-age-may-increase-risk.html Obesity in Middle Age May Increase Risk of Dementia]</ref>
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For more information please see: [[Alzheimer's disease and prevention]]
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==See Also==
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*[[Homosexuality and obesity]]
 
*[[Homosexuality and obesity]]
 
*[[Atheism and obesity]]
 
*[[Atheism and obesity]]
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*[[Physical and mental health related problems associated with obesity]]
 
 
*[[Lesbianism]]
 
*[[Lesbianism]]
 
*[[Gluttony]]
 
*[[Gluttony]]
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*[[Homosexuality]]
 
*[[Homosexuality]]
 
*[[Obesity]]
 
*[[Obesity]]
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== External links ==
 
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=== Weight loss resources and tips ===
 
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*[http://www.faithandhealthconnection.org/obesity-fat-and-faith-in-god/ Obesity and an F grade in fat - A need for faith in God]
 
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*[http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/weight-loss/WT00018 Weight-loss goals: 10 tips for success] by [[Mayo Clinic]]
 
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*[http://www.zonediet.com/ Zone Diet]
 
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*[http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/mediterranean-diet/CL00011 Mediterranean diet] by [[Mayo Clinic]]
 
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*[http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/glycemic-index-diet/MY00770 Glycemic index diet: Losing weight with blood sugar control] by [[Mayo Clinic]]
 
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*[http://www.webmd.com/diet/guide/lose-weight-fast-how-to-do-it-safely Lose weight fast: How to do it safely] by WebMD
 
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*[http://healthpsych.psy.vanderbilt.edu/Web2007/ExerciseComp.htm Weight loss: Cardio Exercise vs. Weight Training - Vanderbilt University, Health Psychology Home Page]
 
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Documentary on weight loss:
 
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*[http://www.hulu.com/watch/289122/fat-sick-and-nearly-dead Fat, sick and nearly dead]
 
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=== Supplements ===
 
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Irvingia gabonensis:
 
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*[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19254366 IGOB131, a novel seed extract of the West African plant Irvingia gabonensis, significantly reduces body weight and improves metabolic parameters in overweight humans in a randomized double-blind placebo controlled investigation] - Lipids Health Dis. 2009 Mar 2;8:7,Ngondi JL, Etoundi BC, Nyangono CB, Mbofung CM, Oben JE.
 
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*[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1168905/ The effect of Irvingia gabonensis seeds on body weight and blood lipids of obese subjects in Cameroon] -  Lipids Health Dis. 2005; 4: 12, Judith L Ngondi, Julius E Oben, Samuel R Minka
 
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*[http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-1252-IRVINGIA%20GABONENSIS.aspx?activeIngredientId=1252&activeIngredientName=IRVINGIA%20GABONENSIS IRVINGIA GABONENSIS - WebMD]
 
  
 
==References==
 
==References==
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[[Category:Homosexuality]]
 
[[Category:Homosexuality]]
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[[Category: Health]]
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[[Category:Health]]
 
[[Category:Women]]
 
[[Category:Women]]

Revision as of 01:10, April 27, 2020

In April 2007, the American Journal of Public Health analyzed data from 2002 National Survey of Family Growth and the data suggested that American lesbian women were 2.69 times more likely to be overweight and 2.47 times more likely to be obese than all other female sexual orientation groups. [1]

In 2013, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) reported that 75% of American lesbians are obese.[2][3] In April 2007, the American Journal of Public Health analyzed data from 2002 National Survey of Family Growth and the data suggested that American lesbian women were 2.69 times more likely to be overweight and 2.47 times more likely to be obese than all other female sexual orientation groups. [1] The abstract for this study indicated that "lesbians are at greater risk for morbidity and mortality linked to overweight and obesity." [1]

In 2009, the PubMed article abstract for the Polish psychiatry journal Psychiatria Polska article Body Image in Homosexual Persons declared:

“ Homosexual women are less concentrated on physical appearance and more satisfied with their bodies while being more tolerant to obesity.... For lesbian women the ideal body image is more massive than for heterosexual women.[4] ”

In 2007, a purported lesbian wrote to Andrew Sullivan, the political commentator and administrator of The Daily Dish blog:

“ And - oh heck, I'll admit it - aesthetics have value, too! As a woman, I may not be as focused on looks as men are predisposed to be, but I sure am tired of seeing so many queer ladies out there who are way past 200 pounds. Way, way past. Sorry, but no amount of "fat acceptance" is going to make that a pleasant sight - gay, straight, butch, femme, male or female.[5] ”

Lesbianism, obesity, coronavirus infections and medical complications

Physical and mental health related problems associated with obesity

See also: Health risks linked to obesity and Atheism and Mental and Physical Health

Some of the medical conditions associated with obesity include: type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol and triglycerides, coronary artery disease (CAD), stroke, arthritis, cancer, sleep apnea, reproductive problems in women and varicose veins.[6][7][8][9] In addition, medical science research indicates that excess weight impairs brain function.[10][11][12][13][14]

Medical research indicates that excess weight impairs brain function.[10][11][12][13][14]

According to the Mayo Clinic some of the symptoms associated with obesity can include:

“
  • Difficulty sleeping
  • Snoring
  • Sleep apnea
  • Pain in your back or joints
  • Excessive sweating
  • Always feeling hot
  • Rashes or infection in folds of your skin
  • Feeling out of breath with minor exertion
  • Daytime sleepiness or fatigue
 ”

Obesity and the feet/ankles: According to Stuart D. Miller, M.D.: "It is important for the public to know that obesity isn't just an aesthetic issue, but a contributing cause of musculoskeletal health problems, specifically with the feet and ankles."[16]

Lower levels of balance recovery and increased risk of falls: In her thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, entitled A modeling investigation of obesity and balance recovery, Sara Louise Matrangola writes in the abstract: "Obesity is associated with an increased risk of falls and subsequent injury. Previous studies have shown weight loss and strength training to be beneficial to balance, but knowing which is more beneficial will allow researchers to design interventions to maximize the benefits in terms of balance and reducing risk of falls."[17]

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Overweight and Obesity in Sexual-Minority Women: Evidence From Population-Based Data, Ulrike Boehmer, Deborah J. Bowen, Greta R. Bauer, American Journal of Public Health, 2007 Jun;97(6):1134-40. E pub 2007 Apr 26.
  2. ↑ Feds Spend $1.5 Million to Study Why Lesbians Are Fat - CNS News
  3. ↑ Feds Spend $1.5 million to Study Obese Lesbians
  4. ↑ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19694404?itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVDocSum&ordinalpos=1
  5. ↑ http://andrewsullivan.theatlantic.com/the_daily_dish/2007/05/obesity_and_les.html
  6. ↑ http://www.webmd.com/diet/tc/obesity-health-risks-of-obesity
  7. ↑ http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/topics/obesity/calltoaction/fact_consequences.htm
  8. ↑ http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Risk/obesity
  9. ↑ http://stanfordhospital.org/clinicsmedServices/COE/surgicalServices/vascularSurgery/patientEducation/varicose.html
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 http://pn.psychiatryonline.org/content/41/18/25.1.full
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 http://health.usnews.com/health-news/family-health/brain-and-behavior/articles/2009/08/25/as-waistlines-widen-brains-shrink.html
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21167850
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/07/100714112832.htm
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/instance/2568718/
  15. ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/obesity/DS00314/DSECTION=symptoms
  16. ↑ Survey Suggests Obesity May Cause Foot Problems
  17. ↑ Thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, entitled A modeling investigation of obesity and balance recoveryby Sara Louise Matrangola
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