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{{merge|Embryonic stem cells}}'''Embryonic stem cell ''' research is the utilization of [[stem cells|stem cells]] from embyros [[embryo]]s which can then be grown in a laboratory culture and produce specialized cells supposedly to treat diseases [[disease]]s or used for research purposes. A The most common source of such cells is discarded embryos at [[fertility clinicsclinic]]s - the process of [[IVF]] typically produces two or three 'leftover' embryos for each treatment, which are usually discarded. The use of embryonic stem cells in medicine has met with some controversy, particularly from the [[pro-life ]] movement that is concerned about the destruction of embryos that they believe constitute human liveslife.[http<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/07/29/AR2005072900158.html] </ref>

'''Adult stem cell ''' research is similar except it does not use or destroyed embryos, and instead is based on stem cells that can be taken from adults. These cells so far have proven are less potent versatile than those harvested from discarded embryos, but they do not raise the associated [[ethics|ethical dillemas]] dilemmas.[http://www.isscr.org/Unfortunately, adult embryonic stem cells are of little value to science/faqas a whole.htm]

== Arguments The primary reason for and Against Embryonic Stem Cell Research ==wanting to use embryonic stem cells is that they are capable of producing any type of tissue in the body. Thus, theoretically, embryonic stem cell treatments offer far greater potential than adult cells - while both are capable of repairing some damage, embryonic cells could go so far as to replace entire organs. Conversely though, the greater flexibility of embryonic cells also makes them more difficult to control. A major obstacle to their use in humans is a tendency to form tumors.{{fact}} Much research is being carried out to better understand the cellular processes which cause this.

A variety *President Bush's refusal of arguments are used both [[federal funding]] for and against new embryonic stem cell research. Some proponents argue that lines didn't halt major stem-cell advances, any more than the embryos do not constitute prohibition against life-threatening research on human lives or that even if they do since subjects, such as the embryos would be destroyed anyways and thus it makes sense to use infamous Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis in the embryosNegro Male, stopped the advance of medical treatments.[http://www.spinneypressopinionjournal.com.au/178_book_desc.html]. These arguments have been accepted by some Christian groups and by many Jewish groups, even Orthodox ones.[http:federation/feature/www.jlaw.com/Articles/stemcellres.html?id=110010915 Trading Places]. - Will the secular left soon attack the religious right for being pro-science? - Joseph Bottum

Opponents to such *On March 9, 2007 Barack Obama repealed President Bush's ban on federal funding for embryonic stem cell research have argued that such embryos are human lives with .<ref>https://www.onenewsnow.com/Culture/Default.aspx?id=441206</ref> This was a campaign promise and leads to the full rights expectation that he will be one of humans the most pro-choice Presidents in U.S. history.<ref>http://www.prochoiceamerica.org/choice-action-center/us-gov/congressional-record-on-choice/illinois.html</ref> ==Expectation and that even if they are not human lives Potential == Jeremy Pearce of the slippery slope is too great''New York Times'' wrote:*Dr. Furthermore[[Ira B. Black]], they argue that chairman of the sanctity neurosciences and cell biology department of human life is so great that even the destruction Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, at the University of such embryos for research is not permissible even when they would be destroyed anyways. Opponents have also argued that Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, described the potential of embryonic all stem -cell research as threefold. He said the expectation in the laboratory was for such cells have been exaggerated to revive damaged and that more research must be done with cord dead cells; to act as vehicle cells in introducing [[gene therapy]]; and adult , finally, to rally and harness the [[human body]]'s own existing stem cells. *The end goal would be to replace [http[brain cells]] lost to [[Alzheimer's]], repair injured nerve cells causing [[paralysis]] and treat [[cancers]], malfunctioning [[organs]] and other now-irreparable conditions. *To Dr. Black, the use of embryonic cells ''fundamentally constitutes the gold standard'' in medical research because of their purity and versatility. But he cautioned://www''This is a very young field.americancatholicOur areas of ignorance are far greater than our areas of knowledge.org/News/StemCell/]'' [http://wwwquery.foxnewsnytimes.com/storygst/0fullpage.html?res=9500E3DD1739F93BA25752C0A9629C8B63&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=print] ==Inducible Pluripotent Stem Cells== Research in 2006 has facilitated the conversion of human adult somatic cells into pluripotent stem cells,2933namely possessing an ability to differentiate into many types of tissue. (Unlike embryonic stem cells from blastocysts,31748however,00IPSCs are not totipotent.html) By forcing the expression of certain genes, via the activation of many transcription factors (such as tetramer and hexamer TFs), using a particular medium (e.g. HIF and LIF), pluripotent stem cells can be generated. This research has great potential on account of its ability to resolve the dilemma surrounding the use of embryonic stem cells. == References ==<references/> [[Category:Biology]][[Category:Political Terms]]