Difference between revisions of "Arkansas"
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|motto=Regnat Populus (The People Rule) | |motto=Regnat Populus (The People Rule) | ||
|nick=The Natural State | |nick=The Natural State | ||
| − | |capital=Little Rock | + | |capital=[[Little Rock]] |
|language=English | |language=English | ||
| − | |governor= | + | |governor=Asa Hutchinson |
| − | |gparty= | + | |gparty=Republican |
| − | | | + | |senator2=John Boozman |
| − | | | + | |s2party=Republican |
| − | | | + | |s2phone=(202) 224 4843 |
| − | | | + | |s2email=https://www.senate.gov/pagelayout/senators/one_item_and_teasers/Boozman_John.htm Contact |
| − | | | + | |senator1=Tom Cotton |
| − | | | + | |s1party=Republican |
| − | |population= | + | |s1phone=(202) 224-2353 |
| + | |s1email=https://www.cotton.senate.gov/?p=contact Contact | ||
| + | |population=3,030,303 (2020) | ||
|date=June 15, 1836 (25th) | |date=June 15, 1836 (25th) | ||
}} | }} | ||
'''Arkansas''' became the twenty-fifth state of the Union on June 15, 1836. The capital of Arkansas is [[Little Rock]]. | '''Arkansas''' became the twenty-fifth state of the Union on June 15, 1836. The capital of Arkansas is [[Little Rock]]. | ||
| + | |||
| + | The state Constitution of Arkansas, like all of the other 50 states, acknowledges God or our Creator or the ''Sovereign Ruler of the Universe''. It says: | ||
| + | :''We, the People of the State of Arkansas, grateful to Almighty God for the privilege of choosing our own form of government; for our civil and religious liberty; and desiring to perpetuate its blessings, and secure the same to our selves and posterity; do ordain and establish this Constitution.'' | ||
| + | |||
| + | In 2019, Arkansas became the fifth state to enact a law to automatically make [[abortion]] illegal if ''[[Roe v. Wade]]'' is reversed.<ref>Multiple references: | ||
| + | *Freiburger, Calvin (February 20, 2019). [https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/arkansas-governor-signs-law-to-automatically-ban-abortion-after-roe-v.-wade Arkansas governor signs law to automatically ban abortion after Roe v. Wade falls]. ''LifeSiteNews''. Retrieved February 20, 2019. | ||
| + | *Berry, Susan (February 20, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2019/02/20/arkansas-becomes-fifth-state-to-make-abortion-automatically-illegal-if-roe-v-wade-is-reversed/ Arkansas Becomes 5th State to Make Abortion Illegal if Roe v. Wade Is Reversed]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved February 21, 2019. | ||
| + | *Gstalter, Morgan (February 19, 2019). [https://thehill.com/homenews/state-watch/430695-arkansas-governor-signs-trigger-abortion-ban-bill Arkansas governor signs 'trigger' abortion ban bill]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved February 20, 2019.</ref> | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
| + | [[File:Bill-clinton-orval-faubus-1991.jpg|left|300px|thumb|[[Bill Clinton]] with [[Orval Faubus]], 1991.]] | ||
While Arkansas was originally a slave state, they did not secede from the Union until May 6, 1861 after [[Abraham Lincoln]] called on troops to respond to the Confederate attack on Fort Sumter. | While Arkansas was originally a slave state, they did not secede from the Union until May 6, 1861 after [[Abraham Lincoln]] called on troops to respond to the Confederate attack on Fort Sumter. | ||
| − | Arkansas would again make headlines after the [[Supreme Court]] case [[Brown v. Topeka Board of Education]] in 1957. Then Governor | + | Arkansas would again make headlines after the [[Supreme Court]] case [[Brown v. Topeka Board of Education]] in 1957. Then Governor [[Orval Faubus]] sent the Arkansas National Guard to prevent [[African American]]s from entering Little Rock's Central High School. [[Dwight D. Eisenhower|President Eisenhower]] sent troops to help escort the students into the school. |
| + | |||
| + | ==Politics of Arkansas== | ||
| + | |||
| + | Arkansas typically votes Republican in presidential elections; George W. Bush won the state 51%-46% in 2000, 54%-45% in 2004 and John McCain 59%-39% in 2008.<ref>http://elections.nytimes.com/2008/results/president/map.html</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | Senator Blanche Lincoln, a Democrat who was handley defeated for reelection in 2010, lost favor with the voters, according to polls. Lincoln won the approval of only 36% for the job she did as senator, with 44% disapproving, according to an Aug. 21-24 survey. Her support fell 13 points since March. The poll showed Lincoln running even or even slightly trailing, when matched up against three potential Republican challengers—even though none of them were known statewide. She was dragged down by Obama's falling popularity, as only 30% of Arkansans supported Obama on health care.<ref>Public Policy Polling, "Lincoln looking vulnerable," [http://www.publicpolicypolling.com/pdf/PPP_Release_AR_826424.pdf August 26, 2009 press release]</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | Although Democrats outnumber Republicans in the state 37% to 29%, the 33% who are independent are quite conservative—more so than independents in any other state. | ||
| + | |||
| + | Arkansas has historically been a Democrat-controlled state, a part of "The Solid South". However, starting in 2010, there was a massive shift towards the Republican Party. After the 2014 election, Arkansas was completely controlled by the Republican Party, with every statewide office, large majorities in the legislature, both U.S. Senate seats, and all four U.S. House seats for the first time in 141 years.<ref>Brantley, Max (November 4, 2014). [http://www.arktimes.com/ArkansasBlog/archives/2014/11/04/arkansass-new-day-a-historic-republican-victory Arkansas's new day; a historic Republican victory]. ''Arkansas Times''. Retrieved September 19, 2016.</ref><ref>Schwarz, Hunter (November 5, 2014). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2014/11/05/republicans-now-have-every-congressional-seat-for-arkansas-for-the-first-time-in-141-years/ Republicans now have every congressional seat for Arkansas for the first time in 141 years]. ''The Washington Post''. Retrieved September 19, 2016.</ref><ref>[http://www.swtimes.com/elections/election-2014-arkansas-gop-chair-says-tuesday-vote-signals-realignment Election 2014: Arkansas GOP Chair Says Tuesday Vote Signals Realignment]. ''Times Record''. November 5, 2014. September 19, 2016.</ref> | ||
==Economy== | ==Economy== | ||
| Line 31: | Line 52: | ||
Former President [[Bill Clinton]] and his wife Sen. [[Hillary Clinton]] are from Arkansas (although Hillary did not grow up in the state). Bill was the 50th governor of the state prior to his run for presidency in 1992. 2008 [[Republican]] presidential candidate [[Mike Huckabee]] is also a former governor of Arkansas. | Former President [[Bill Clinton]] and his wife Sen. [[Hillary Clinton]] are from Arkansas (although Hillary did not grow up in the state). Bill was the 50th governor of the state prior to his run for presidency in 1992. 2008 [[Republican]] presidential candidate [[Mike Huckabee]] is also a former governor of Arkansas. | ||
| − | ==Elected officials== | + | ==Elected officials== |
===Federal=== | ===Federal=== | ||
| − | *Senator [[ | + | *Senator [[John Boozman]] (R) |
| − | *Senator [[ | + | *Senator [[Tom Cotton]] (R) |
| − | *Rep. [[ | + | *Rep. [[Rick Crawford]] [R, AR–1] |
| − | *Rep. [[ | + | *Rep. [[French Hill]] [R, AR–2] |
| − | *Rep. [[ | + | *Rep. [[Steve Womack]] [R, AR–3] |
| − | *Rep. [[ | + | *Rep. [[Bruce Westerman]] [R, AR–4] |
===Statewide=== | ===Statewide=== | ||
| − | *Governor [[ | + | *Governor [[Asa Hutchinson]] (R) |
| − | *Lt. Governor [[ | + | *Lt. Governor [[Tim Griffin]] (R) |
| + | *Attorney General [[Leslie Rutledge]] (R) | ||
| + | *Secretary of State [[Mark Martin]] (R) | ||
| + | *State Auditor [[Andrea Lea]] (R) | ||
| + | *State Treasurer [[Dennis Milligan]] (R) | ||
| + | *Land Commissioner [[John Thurston]] (R) | ||
==List of Governors== | ==List of Governors== | ||
| Line 50: | Line 76: | ||
|1 | |1 | ||
|James Sevier Conway | |James Sevier Conway | ||
| − | |September 13 1836 | + | |September 13, 1836 |
| − | |November 4 1840 | + | |November 4, 1840 |
|[[Democratic Party|Democrat]] | |[[Democratic Party|Democrat]] | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 59: | Line 85: | ||
|2 | |2 | ||
|Archibald Yell | |Archibald Yell | ||
| − | |November 4 1840 | + | |November 4, 1840 |
| − | |April 29 1844 | + | |April 29, 1844 |
|Democrat | |Democrat | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 67: | Line 93: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|— | |— | ||
| − | |Samuel Adams | + | |Samuel Adams |
| − | |April 29 1844 | + | |April 29, 1844 |
| − | |November 5 1844 | + | |November 5, 1844 |
|Democrat | |Democrat | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 77: | Line 103: | ||
|3 | |3 | ||
|Thomas Stevenson Drew | |Thomas Stevenson Drew | ||
| − | |November 5 1844 | + | |November 5, 1844 |
| − | |January 10 1849 | + | |January 10, 1849 |
|Democrat | |Democrat | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 86: | Line 112: | ||
|— | |— | ||
|Richard C. Byrd | |Richard C. Byrd | ||
| − | |January 10 1849 | + | |January 10, 1849 |
| − | |April 19 1849 | + | |April 19, 1849 |
|Democrat | |Democrat | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 95: | Line 121: | ||
|4 | |4 | ||
|John Selden Roane | |John Selden Roane | ||
| − | |April 19 1849 | + | |April 19, 1849 |
| − | |November 15 1852 | + | |November 15, 1852 |
|Democrat | |Democrat | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 104: | Line 130: | ||
|5 | |5 | ||
|Elias Nelson Conway | |Elias Nelson Conway | ||
| − | |November 15 1852 | + | |November 15, 1852 |
| − | |November 16 1860 | + | |November 16, 1860 |
|Democrat | |Democrat | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 113: | Line 139: | ||
|6 | |6 | ||
|Henry Massey Rector | |Henry Massey Rector | ||
| − | |November 16 1860 | + | |November 16, 1860 |
| − | |November 4 1862 | + | |November 4, 1862 |
|Democrat | |Democrat | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 122: | Line 148: | ||
|7 | |7 | ||
|Harris Flanagin | |Harris Flanagin | ||
| − | |November 4 1862 | + | |November 4, 1862 |
| − | |April 18 1864 | + | |April 18, 1864 |
|Democrat | |Democrat | ||
| | | | ||
| − | |Flanagin fled Little Rock for Washington, Arkansas to run a government-in-exile during [[American Civil War]], September 10 1863 | + | |Flanagin fled Little Rock for Washington, Arkansas to run a government-in-exile during [[American Civil War]], September 10, 1863 |
|Slavery ended by Union force | |Slavery ended by Union force | ||
|- | |- | ||
|8 | |8 | ||
|Isaac Murphy | |Isaac Murphy | ||
| − | |April 18 1864 | + | |April 18, 1864 |
| − | |July 2 1868 | + | |July 2, 1868 |
|[[Republican Party|Republican]] | |[[Republican Party|Republican]] | ||
| | | | ||
| − | |Elected provisional governor by pro-Union loyalists, assuming office April 18 1864 | + | |Elected provisional governor by pro-Union loyalists, assuming office April 18, 1864 |
|Ratification of 13th, 14th Amemendments to U.S. Constitution | |Ratification of 13th, 14th Amemendments to U.S. Constitution | ||
|- | |- | ||
|9 | |9 | ||
|Powell Clayton | |Powell Clayton | ||
| − | |July 2 1868 | + | |July 2, 1868 |
| − | |March 17 1871 | + | |March 17, 1871 |
|Republican | |Republican | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 149: | Line 175: | ||
|— | |— | ||
|Ozra Amander Hadley | |Ozra Amander Hadley | ||
| − | |March 17 1871 | + | |March 17, 1871 |
| − | |January 6 1873 | + | |January 6, 1873 |
|Republican | |Republican | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 158: | Line 184: | ||
|10 | |10 | ||
|Elisha Baxter | |Elisha Baxter | ||
| − | |January 6 1873 | + | |January 6, 1873 |
| − | |November 12 1874 | + | |November 12, 1874 |
|Republican | |Republican | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 167: | Line 193: | ||
|11 | |11 | ||
|Augustus Hill Garland | |Augustus Hill Garland | ||
| − | |November 12 1874 | + | |November 12, 1874 |
| − | |January 11 1877 | + | |January 11, 1877 |
|Democrat | |Democrat | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 176: | Line 202: | ||
|12 | |12 | ||
|William Read Miller | |William Read Miller | ||
| − | |January 11 1877 | + | |January 11, 1877 |
| − | |January 11 1881 | + | |January 11, 1881 |
|Democrat | |Democrat | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 185: | Line 211: | ||
|13 | |13 | ||
|Thomas James Churchill | |Thomas James Churchill | ||
| − | |January 11 1881 | + | |January 11, 1881 |
| − | |January 13 1883 | + | |January 13, 1883 |
|Democrat | |Democrat | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 194: | Line 220: | ||
|14 | |14 | ||
|James Henderson Berry | |James Henderson Berry | ||
| − | |January 13 1883 | + | |January 13, 1883 |
| − | |January 17 1885 | + | |January 17, 1885 |
|Democrat | |Democrat | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 203: | Line 229: | ||
|15 | |15 | ||
|Simon Pollard Hughes, Jr. | |Simon Pollard Hughes, Jr. | ||
| − | |January 17 1885 | + | |January 17, 1885 |
| − | |January 8 1889 | + | |January 8, 1889 |
|Democrat | |Democrat | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 212: | Line 238: | ||
|16 | |16 | ||
|James Philip Eagle | |James Philip Eagle | ||
| − | |January 8 1889 | + | |January 8, 1889 |
| − | |January 10 1893 | + | |January 10, 1893 |
|Democrat | |Democrat | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 221: | Line 247: | ||
|17 | |17 | ||
|William Meade Fishback | |William Meade Fishback | ||
| − | |January 10 1893 | + | |January 10, 1893 |
| − | |January 8 1895 | + | |January 8, 1895 |
|Democrat | |Democrat | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 230: | Line 256: | ||
|18 | |18 | ||
|James Paul Clarke | |James Paul Clarke | ||
| − | |January 8 1895 | + | |January 8, 1895 |
| − | |January 12 1897 | + | |January 12, 1897 |
|Democrat | |Democrat | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 239: | Line 265: | ||
|19 | |19 | ||
|Daniel Webster Jones | |Daniel Webster Jones | ||
| − | |January 12 1897 | + | |January 12, 1897 |
| − | |January 8 1901 | + | |January 8, 1901 |
|Democrat | |Democrat | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 248: | Line 274: | ||
|20 | |20 | ||
|Jeff Davis | |Jeff Davis | ||
| − | |January 8 1901 | + | |January 8, 1901 |
| − | |January 8 1907 | + | |January 8, 1907 |
|Democrat | |Democrat | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 257: | Line 283: | ||
|21 | |21 | ||
|John Sebastian Little | |John Sebastian Little | ||
| − | |January 8 1907 | + | |January 8, 1907 |
| − | |February 15 1907 | + | |February 15, 1907 |
|Democrat | |Democrat | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 266: | Line 292: | ||
|— | |— | ||
|John Isaac Moore | |John Isaac Moore | ||
| − | |February 15 1907 | + | |February 15, 1907 |
| − | |May 14 1907 | + | |May 14, 1907 |
|Democrat | |Democrat | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 275: | Line 301: | ||
|— | |— | ||
|Xenophon Overton Pindall | |Xenophon Overton Pindall | ||
| − | |May 14 1907 | + | |May 14, 1907 |
| − | |January 11 1909 | + | |January 11, 1909 |
|Democrat | |Democrat | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 284: | Line 310: | ||
|— | |— | ||
|Jesse M. Martin | |Jesse M. Martin | ||
| − | |January 11 1909 | + | |January 11, 1909 |
| − | |January 14 1909 | + | |January 14, 1909 |
|Democrat | |Democrat | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 293: | Line 319: | ||
|22 | |22 | ||
|George Washington Donaghey | |George Washington Donaghey | ||
| − | |January 14 1909 | + | |January 14, 1909 |
| − | |January 16 1913 | + | |January 16, 1913 |
|Democrat | |Democrat | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 302: | Line 328: | ||
|23 | |23 | ||
|Joseph Taylor Robinson | |Joseph Taylor Robinson | ||
| − | |January 16 1913 | + | |January 16, 1913 |
| − | |March 8 1913 | + | |March 8, 1913 |
|Democrat | |Democrat | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 311: | Line 337: | ||
|— | |— | ||
|William Kavanaugh Oldham | |William Kavanaugh Oldham | ||
| − | |March 8 1913 | + | |March 8, 1913 |
| − | |March 13 1913 | + | |March 13, 1913 |
|Democrat | |Democrat | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 320: | Line 346: | ||
|— | |— | ||
|Junius Marion Futrell | |Junius Marion Futrell | ||
| − | |March 13 1913 | + | |March 13, 1913 |
| − | |July 23 1913 | + | |July 23, 1913 |
|Democrat | |Democrat | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 329: | Line 355: | ||
|24 | |24 | ||
|George Washington Hays | |George Washington Hays | ||
| − | |July 23 1913 | + | |July 23, 1913 |
| − | |January 10 1917 | + | |January 10, 1917 |
|Democrat | |Democrat | ||
|Office created; left vacant | |Office created; left vacant | ||
| Line 338: | Line 364: | ||
|25 | |25 | ||
|Charles Hillman Brough | |Charles Hillman Brough | ||
| − | |January 10 1917 | + | |January 10, 1917 |
| − | |January 11 1921 | + | |January 11, 1921 |
|Democrat | |Democrat | ||
|vacant | |vacant | ||
| Line 347: | Line 373: | ||
|26 | |26 | ||
|Thomas Chipman McRae | |Thomas Chipman McRae | ||
| − | |January 11 1921 | + | |January 11, 1921 |
| − | |January 13 1925 | + | |January 13, 1925 |
|Democrat | |Democrat | ||
|vacant | |vacant | ||
| Line 356: | Line 382: | ||
|27 | |27 | ||
|Tom Jefferson Terral | |Tom Jefferson Terral | ||
| − | |January 13 1925 | + | |January 13, 1925 |
| − | |January 11 1927 | + | |January 11, 1927 |
|Democrat | |Democrat | ||
|vacant | |vacant | ||
| Line 365: | Line 391: | ||
|28 | |28 | ||
|John Ellis Martineau | |John Ellis Martineau | ||
| − | |January 11 1927 | + | |January 11, 1927 |
| − | |March 4 1928 | + | |March 4, 1928 |
|Democrat | |Democrat | ||
|Harvey Parnell (1st Lt. Gov) | |Harvey Parnell (1st Lt. Gov) | ||
| Line 374: | Line 400: | ||
|29 | |29 | ||
|Harvey Parnell | |Harvey Parnell | ||
| − | |March 4 1928 | + | |March 4, 1928 |
| − | |January 10 1933 | + | |January 10, 1933 |
|Democrat | |Democrat | ||
|William Lee Cazort | |William Lee Cazort | ||
| Line 384: | Line 410: | ||
|30 | |30 | ||
|Junius Marion Futrell | |Junius Marion Futrell | ||
| − | |January 10 1933 | + | |January 10, 1933 |
| − | |January 12 1937 | + | |January 12, 1937 |
|Democrat | |Democrat | ||
|William Lee Cazort | |William Lee Cazort | ||
| Line 393: | Line 419: | ||
|31 | |31 | ||
|Carl Edward Bailey | |Carl Edward Bailey | ||
| − | |January 12 1937 | + | |January 12, 1937 |
| − | |January 14 1941 | + | |January 14, 1941 |
|Democrat | |Democrat | ||
|Robert L. Bailey | |Robert L. Bailey | ||
| Line 402: | Line 428: | ||
|32 | |32 | ||
|Homer Martin Adkins | |Homer Martin Adkins | ||
| − | |January 14 1941 | + | |January 14, 1941 |
| − | |January 9 1945 | + | |January 9, 1945 |
|Democrat | |Democrat | ||
|Robert L. Bailey, James L. Shaver | |Robert L. Bailey, James L. Shaver | ||
| Line 411: | Line 437: | ||
|33 | |33 | ||
|Benjamin Travis Laney | |Benjamin Travis Laney | ||
| − | |January 9 1945 | + | |January 9, 1945 |
| − | |January 11 1949 | + | |January 11, 1949 |
|Democrat | |Democrat | ||
|James L. Shaver, Nathan Green Gordon | |James L. Shaver, Nathan Green Gordon | ||
| Line 420: | Line 446: | ||
|34 | |34 | ||
|Sid McMath | |Sid McMath | ||
| − | |January 11 1949 | + | |January 11, 1949 |
| − | |January 13 1953 | + | |January 13, 1953 |
|Democrat | |Democrat | ||
|Nathan Green Gordon | |Nathan Green Gordon | ||
| Line 429: | Line 455: | ||
|35 | |35 | ||
|Francis Cherry | |Francis Cherry | ||
| − | |January 13 1953 | + | |January 13, 1953 |
| − | |January 11 1955 | + | |January 11, 1955 |
|Democrat | |Democrat | ||
|Nathan Green Gordon | |Nathan Green Gordon | ||
| Line 437: | Line 463: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|36 | |36 | ||
| − | |Orval Faubus | + | |[[Orval E. Faubus|Orval Faubus]] |
| − | |January 11 1955 | + | |January 11, 1955 |
| − | |January 10 1967 | + | |January 10, 1967 |
|Democrat | |Democrat | ||
|Nathan Green Gordon | |Nathan Green Gordon | ||
| Line 446: | Line 472: | ||
|- | |- | ||
|37 | |37 | ||
| − | |Winthrop Rockefeller | + | |[[Winthrop Rockefeller]] |
| − | |January 10 1967 | + | |January 10, 1967 |
| − | |January 12 1971 | + | |January 12, 1971 |
|Republican | |Republican | ||
|Maurice Britt | |Maurice Britt | ||
| − | | | + | |First Republican governor of Arkansas since Reconstruction. Liberal Republican and a member of the [[John D. Rockefeller|Reckefeller]] family. |
| − | | | + | |"New South" |
|- | |- | ||
|38 | |38 | ||
| − | |Dale Bumpers | + | |[[Dale Bumpers]] |
| − | |January 12 1971 | + | |January 12, 1971 |
| − | |January 3 1975 | + | |January 3, 1975 |
|Democrat | |Democrat | ||
|Bob C. Riley | |Bob C. Riley | ||
| | | | ||
| − | | | + | |"New South" |
|- | |- | ||
|— | |— | ||
|Bob C. Riley | |Bob C. Riley | ||
| − | |January 3 1975 | + | |January 3, 1975 |
| − | |January 14 1975 | + | |January 14, 1975 |
|Democrat | |Democrat | ||
| | | | ||
|Acting governor for unexpired term. | |Acting governor for unexpired term. | ||
| − | | | + | |"New South" |
|- | |- | ||
|39 | |39 | ||
| − | |David Pryor | + | |[[David Pryor]] |
| − | |January 14 1975 | + | |January 14, 1975 |
| − | |January 3 1979 | + | |January 3, 1979 |
| − | | | + | |Democrat |
|Joe Purcell | |Joe Purcell | ||
| | | | ||
| − | | | + | |"New South" |
|- | |- | ||
|— | |— | ||
|Joe Purcell | |Joe Purcell | ||
| − | |January 3 1979 | + | |January 3, 1979 |
| − | |January 9 1979 | + | |January 9, 1979 |
|Democrat | |Democrat | ||
| | | | ||
|Acting as governor for six days | |Acting as governor for six days | ||
| − | | | + | |"New South" |
|- | |- | ||
|40 | |40 | ||
|[[Bill Clinton]] | |[[Bill Clinton]] | ||
| − | |January 9 1979 | + | |January 9, 1979 |
| − | |January 19 1981 | + | |January 19, 1981 |
|Democrat | |Democrat | ||
|Joe Purcell | |Joe Purcell | ||
| | | | ||
| − | | | + | |"New South" |
|- | |- | ||
|41 | |41 | ||
| − | |Frank D. White | + | |[[Frank D. White]] |
| − | |January 19 1981 | + | |January 19, 1981 |
| − | |January 11 1983 | + | |January 11, 1983 |
|Republican | |Republican | ||
|Winston Bryant | |Winston Bryant | ||
| − | | | + | |Conservative, Christian governor. Known for signing a bill into law that mandated the teaching of [[creation science]] (alongside evolution) in public schools, which was eventually overturned in a secular-minded court. |
| − | | | + | |"New South" |
|- | |- | ||
|42 | |42 | ||
|Bill Clinton | |Bill Clinton | ||
| − | |January 11 1983 | + | |January 11, 1983 |
| − | |December 12 1992 | + | |December 12, 1992 |
|Democrat | |Democrat | ||
|Winston Bryant, Jim Guy Tucker | |Winston Bryant, Jim Guy Tucker | ||
|Resigned; elected [[President of the United States]] | |Resigned; elected [[President of the United States]] | ||
| − | | | + | |"New South" |
|- | |- | ||
|43 | |43 | ||
|Jim Guy Tucker | |Jim Guy Tucker | ||
| − | |December 12 1992 | + | |December 12, 1992 |
| − | |July 15 1996 | + | |July 15, 1996 |
|Democrat | |Democrat | ||
|[[Mike Huckabee]] | |[[Mike Huckabee]] | ||
|Resigned; [[felony]] conviction ([[mail fraud]]) in the [[Whitewater scandal]] | |Resigned; [[felony]] conviction ([[mail fraud]]) in the [[Whitewater scandal]] | ||
| − | | | + | |"New South" |
|- | |- | ||
|44 | |44 | ||
| − | |Mike Huckabee | + | |[[Mike Huckabee]] |
| − | |July 15 1996 | + | |July 15, 1996 |
| − | |January 9 2007 | + | |January 9, 2007 |
|Republican | |Republican | ||
|Winthrop Paul Rockefeller | |Winthrop Paul Rockefeller | ||
|Created "Tax-Me-More" fund to highlight Democrat/liberal hypocrisy on tax contributions | |Created "Tax-Me-More" fund to highlight Democrat/liberal hypocrisy on tax contributions | ||
| − | | | + | |"New South" |
|- | |- | ||
|45 | |45 | ||
| − | |Mike Beebe | + | |[[Mike Beebe]] |
| − | |January 9 2007 | + | |January 9, 2007 |
| − | | | + | |January 13, 2015 |
|Democrat | |Democrat | ||
|Bill Halter | |Bill Halter | ||
| − | | | + | | |
| + | | | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |46 | ||
| + | |[[Asa Hutchinson]] | ||
| + | |January 13, 2015 | ||
| + | |Current | ||
| + | |Republican | ||
| + | |Tim Griffen | ||
| + | | | ||
| | | | ||
|} | |} | ||
| + | ==See also== | ||
| + | *[[Arkansas legislature]] | ||
| + | ==References== | ||
| + | <references/> | ||
{{USstates}} | {{USstates}} | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[Category:Red States]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Purple States]] | ||
| + | [[Category:States of the United States]] | ||
| + | [[Category:United States of America]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Arkansas]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Constitutional Carry]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Pro Second Amendment]] | ||
| + | [[Category:The South]] | ||
| + | [[Category:Southern United States]] | ||
Revision as of 14:59, January 10, 2021
| Capital | Little Rock |
|---|---|
| Nickname | The Natural State |
| Official Language | English |
| Governor | Asa Hutchinson, R |
| Senator | Tom Cotton, R (202) 224-2353 Contact |
| Senator | John Boozman, R (202) 224 4843 Contact |
| Population | 3,030,303 (2020) |
| Ratification of Constitution/or statehood | June 15, 1836 (25th) |
| Flag of Arkansas | Motto: Regnat Populus (The People Rule) |
Arkansas became the twenty-fifth state of the Union on June 15, 1836. The capital of Arkansas is Little Rock.
The state Constitution of Arkansas, like all of the other 50 states, acknowledges God or our Creator or the Sovereign Ruler of the Universe. It says:
- We, the People of the State of Arkansas, grateful to Almighty God for the privilege of choosing our own form of government; for our civil and religious liberty; and desiring to perpetuate its blessings, and secure the same to our selves and posterity; do ordain and establish this Constitution.
In 2019, Arkansas became the fifth state to enact a law to automatically make abortion illegal if Roe v. Wade is reversed.[1]
Contents
History
While Arkansas was originally a slave state, they did not secede from the Union until May 6, 1861 after Abraham Lincoln called on troops to respond to the Confederate attack on Fort Sumter.
Arkansas would again make headlines after the Supreme Court case Brown v. Topeka Board of Education in 1957. Then Governor Orval Faubus sent the Arkansas National Guard to prevent African Americans from entering Little Rock's Central High School. President Eisenhower sent troops to help escort the students into the school.
Politics of Arkansas
Arkansas typically votes Republican in presidential elections; George W. Bush won the state 51%-46% in 2000, 54%-45% in 2004 and John McCain 59%-39% in 2008.[2]
Senator Blanche Lincoln, a Democrat who was handley defeated for reelection in 2010, lost favor with the voters, according to polls. Lincoln won the approval of only 36% for the job she did as senator, with 44% disapproving, according to an Aug. 21-24 survey. Her support fell 13 points since March. The poll showed Lincoln running even or even slightly trailing, when matched up against three potential Republican challengers—even though none of them were known statewide. She was dragged down by Obama's falling popularity, as only 30% of Arkansans supported Obama on health care.[3]
Although Democrats outnumber Republicans in the state 37% to 29%, the 33% who are independent are quite conservative—more so than independents in any other state.
Arkansas has historically been a Democrat-controlled state, a part of "The Solid South". However, starting in 2010, there was a massive shift towards the Republican Party. After the 2014 election, Arkansas was completely controlled by the Republican Party, with every statewide office, large majorities in the legislature, both U.S. Senate seats, and all four U.S. House seats for the first time in 141 years.[4][5][6]
Economy
Arkansas is home to the major retailers Tyson Foods, Wal-Mart and J.B. Hunt.
Famous Natives
Former President Bill Clinton and his wife Sen. Hillary Clinton are from Arkansas (although Hillary did not grow up in the state). Bill was the 50th governor of the state prior to his run for presidency in 1992. 2008 Republican presidential candidate Mike Huckabee is also a former governor of Arkansas.
Elected officials
Federal
- Senator John Boozman (R)
- Senator Tom Cotton (R)
- Rep. Rick Crawford [R, AR–1]
- Rep. French Hill [R, AR–2]
- Rep. Steve Womack [R, AR–3]
- Rep. Bruce Westerman [R, AR–4]
Statewide
- Governor Asa Hutchinson (R)
- Lt. Governor Tim Griffin (R)
- Attorney General Leslie Rutledge (R)
- Secretary of State Mark Martin (R)
- State Auditor Andrea Lea (R)
- State Treasurer Dennis Milligan (R)
- Land Commissioner John Thurston (R)
List of Governors
| # | Name | Assumed office | Left office | Party | Lt. Governor | Major events in term | Oversaw which historical period |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | James Sevier Conway | September 13, 1836 | November 4, 1840 | Democrat | American Slavery | ||
| 2 | Archibald Yell | November 4, 1840 | April 29, 1844 | Democrat | Resigned office; won seat in United States House of Representatives | Slavery | |
| — | Samuel Adams | April 29, 1844 | November 5, 1844 | Democrat | President of the state senate; served remainder of Yell's term | Slavery | |
| 3 | Thomas Stevenson Drew | November 5, 1844 | January 10, 1849 | Democrat | Resigned office | Slavery | |
| — | Richard C. Byrd | January 10, 1849 | April 19, 1849 | Democrat | President of the state senate; served portion of Drew's term until special election | Slavery | |
| 4 | John Selden Roane | April 19, 1849 | November 15, 1852 | Democrat | Special election to serve Drew's unexpired term. | Slavery | |
| 5 | Elias Nelson Conway | November 15, 1852 | November 16, 1860 | Democrat | Slavery | ||
| 6 | Henry Massey Rector | November 16, 1860 | November 4, 1862 | Democrat | Oversaw the secession of Arkansas from the Union prior to the American Civil War | Slavery | |
| 7 | Harris Flanagin | November 4, 1862 | April 18, 1864 | Democrat | Flanagin fled Little Rock for Washington, Arkansas to run a government-in-exile during American Civil War, September 10, 1863 | Slavery ended by Union force | |
| 8 | Isaac Murphy | April 18, 1864 | July 2, 1868 | Republican | Elected provisional governor by pro-Union loyalists, assuming office April 18, 1864 | Ratification of 13th, 14th Amemendments to U.S. Constitution | |
| 9 | Powell Clayton | July 2, 1868 | March 17, 1871 | Republican | Resigned for seat in the United States Senate | Reconstruction | |
| — | Ozra Amander Hadley | March 17, 1871 | January 6, 1873 | Republican | President of the state senate; served remainder of Clayton's term | Reconstruction | |
| 10 | Elisha Baxter | January 6, 1873 | November 12, 1874 | Republican | Removed from office; Brooks-Baxter War. | Reconstruction | |
| 11 | Augustus Hill Garland | November 12, 1874 | January 11, 1877 | Democrat | Implementation of Jim Crow laws | ||
| 12 | William Read Miller | January 11, 1877 | January 11, 1881 | Democrat | Jim Crow | ||
| 13 | Thomas James Churchill | January 11, 1881 | January 13, 1883 | Democrat | Jim Crow | ||
| 14 | James Henderson Berry | January 13, 1883 | January 17, 1885 | Democrat | Jim Crow | ||
| 15 | Simon Pollard Hughes, Jr. | January 17, 1885 | January 8, 1889 | Democrat | Jim Crow | ||
| 16 | James Philip Eagle | January 8, 1889 | January 10, 1893 | Democrat | Jim Crow | ||
| 17 | William Meade Fishback | January 10, 1893 | January 8, 1895 | Democrat | Jim Crow | ||
| 18 | James Paul Clarke | January 8, 1895 | January 12, 1897 | Democrat | Jim Crow | ||
| 19 | Daniel Webster Jones | January 12, 1897 | January 8, 1901 | Democrat | Jim Crow | ||
| 20 | Jeff Davis | January 8, 1901 | January 8, 1907 | Democrat | Jim Crow | ||
| 21 | John Sebastian Little | January 8, 1907 | February 15, 1907 | Democrat | Resigned; nervous breakdown | Jim Crow | |
| — | John Isaac Moore | February 15, 1907 | May 14, 1907 | Democrat | President of the state senate; served portion of Clayton's term until legislature adjurned | Jim Crow | |
| — | Xenophon Overton Pindall | May 14, 1907 | January 11, 1909 | Democrat | New president of the state senate; acted as governor until expiration of his senate term | Jim Crow | |
| — | Jesse M. Martin | January 11, 1909 | January 14, 1909 | Democrat | Acting governor for three days between end of Pindall's senate term and next elected governor | Jim Crow | |
| 22 | George Washington Donaghey | January 14, 1909 | January 16, 1913 | Democrat | Jim Crow | ||
| 23 | Joseph Taylor Robinson | January 16, 1913 | March 8, 1913 | Democrat | Jim Crow | ||
| — | William Kavanaugh Oldham | March 8, 1913 | March 13, 1913 | Democrat | President of the state senate; acting governor for six days until election of new senate president | Jim Crow | |
| — | Junius Marion Futrell | March 13, 1913 | July 23, 1913 | Democrat | President of the senate; acting governor until special election | Jim Crow | |
| 24 | George Washington Hays | July 23, 1913 | January 10, 1917 | Democrat | Office created; left vacant | Elected in special election to fill remainder of term. | Jim Crow |
| 25 | Charles Hillman Brough | January 10, 1917 | January 11, 1921 | Democrat | vacant | Jim Crow; World War I | |
| 26 | Thomas Chipman McRae | January 11, 1921 | January 13, 1925 | Democrat | vacant | Jim Crow | |
| 27 | Tom Jefferson Terral | January 13, 1925 | January 11, 1927 | Democrat | vacant | Jim Crow | |
| 28 | John Ellis Martineau | January 11, 1927 | March 4, 1928 | Democrat | Harvey Parnell (1st Lt. Gov) | Resigned; Appointed federal judge, U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Arkansas | Jim Crow |
| 29 | Harvey Parnell | March 4, 1928 | January 10, 1933 | Democrat | William Lee Cazort | Became first Lt. Governor to act as governor | Jim Crow; beginning of Great Depression |
| 30 | Junius Marion Futrell | January 10, 1933 | January 12, 1937 | Democrat | William Lee Cazort | Jim Crow | |
| 31 | Carl Edward Bailey | January 12, 1937 | January 14, 1941 | Democrat | Robert L. Bailey | Jim Crow | |
| 32 | Homer Martin Adkins | January 14, 1941 | January 9, 1945 | Democrat | Robert L. Bailey, James L. Shaver | Jim Crow | |
| 33 | Benjamin Travis Laney | January 9, 1945 | January 11, 1949 | Democrat | James L. Shaver, Nathan Green Gordon | Jim Crow | |
| 34 | Sid McMath | January 11, 1949 | January 13, 1953 | Democrat | Nathan Green Gordon | Jim Crow | |
| 35 | Francis Cherry | January 13, 1953 | January 11, 1955 | Democrat | Nathan Green Gordon | Jim Crow | |
| 36 | Orval Faubus | January 11, 1955 | January 10, 1967 | Democrat | Nathan Green Gordon | Prevented Little Rock Nine from entering Central High School, Little Rock; his segregation policies prompted President Eisenhower to send in 101st Airborne to ensure the Nine's safety | Jim Crow (ends late 1960's); beginnings of Civil Rights Movement in state |
| 37 | Winthrop Rockefeller | January 10, 1967 | January 12, 1971 | Republican | Maurice Britt | First Republican governor of Arkansas since Reconstruction. Liberal Republican and a member of the Reckefeller family. | "New South" |
| 38 | Dale Bumpers | January 12, 1971 | January 3, 1975 | Democrat | Bob C. Riley | "New South" | |
| — | Bob C. Riley | January 3, 1975 | January 14, 1975 | Democrat | Acting governor for unexpired term. | "New South" | |
| 39 | David Pryor | January 14, 1975 | January 3, 1979 | Democrat | Joe Purcell | "New South" | |
| — | Joe Purcell | January 3, 1979 | January 9, 1979 | Democrat | Acting as governor for six days | "New South" | |
| 40 | Bill Clinton | January 9, 1979 | January 19, 1981 | Democrat | Joe Purcell | "New South" | |
| 41 | Frank D. White | January 19, 1981 | January 11, 1983 | Republican | Winston Bryant | Conservative, Christian governor. Known for signing a bill into law that mandated the teaching of creation science (alongside evolution) in public schools, which was eventually overturned in a secular-minded court. | "New South" |
| 42 | Bill Clinton | January 11, 1983 | December 12, 1992 | Democrat | Winston Bryant, Jim Guy Tucker | Resigned; elected President of the United States | "New South" |
| 43 | Jim Guy Tucker | December 12, 1992 | July 15, 1996 | Democrat | Mike Huckabee | Resigned; felony conviction (mail fraud) in the Whitewater scandal | "New South" |
| 44 | Mike Huckabee | July 15, 1996 | January 9, 2007 | Republican | Winthrop Paul Rockefeller | Created "Tax-Me-More" fund to highlight Democrat/liberal hypocrisy on tax contributions | "New South" |
| 45 | Mike Beebe | January 9, 2007 | January 13, 2015 | Democrat | Bill Halter | ||
| 46 | Asa Hutchinson | January 13, 2015 | Current | Republican | Tim Griffen |
See also
References
- ↑ Multiple references:
- Freiburger, Calvin (February 20, 2019). Arkansas governor signs law to automatically ban abortion after Roe v. Wade falls. LifeSiteNews. Retrieved February 20, 2019.
- Berry, Susan (February 20, 2019). Arkansas Becomes 5th State to Make Abortion Illegal if Roe v. Wade Is Reversed. Breitbart News. Retrieved February 21, 2019.
- Gstalter, Morgan (February 19, 2019). Arkansas governor signs 'trigger' abortion ban bill. The Hill. Retrieved February 20, 2019.
- ↑ http://elections.nytimes.com/2008/results/president/map.html
- ↑ Public Policy Polling, "Lincoln looking vulnerable," August 26, 2009 press release
- ↑ Brantley, Max (November 4, 2014). Arkansas's new day; a historic Republican victory. Arkansas Times. Retrieved September 19, 2016.
- ↑ Schwarz, Hunter (November 5, 2014). Republicans now have every congressional seat for Arkansas for the first time in 141 years. The Washington Post. Retrieved September 19, 2016.
- ↑ Election 2014: Arkansas GOP Chair Says Tuesday Vote Signals Realignment. Times Record. November 5, 2014. September 19, 2016.
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