Difference between revisions of "Arianism"

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Originating around AD 320 as taught by [[Arius]], '''Arianism''' was the [[theology|theological]] view that [[Jesus]] was divine, but created and lesser than [[God]] the Father.  It was considered to be a [[heresy]].
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Originating around AD 320 as taught by [[Arius]], '''Arianism''' was the [[theology|theological]] view that [[Jesus]] was divine, but created and lesser than [[God]] the Father.  It was Chrisdtian, but denounced as [[heresy]] by the orthodox forces [[trinity|trinitarian]] that eventually prevailed.
  
Arianism was officially condemned as incorrect by the [[Council of Nicaea]] in 325, which gave its seal of authority to the established [[Holy Trinity|trinitarian]] view. On the surface the Arian position appeared to die out, but it simmered under the surface and re-emerged after the death of the Emperor [[Constantine]] being cultivated by key Bishops and a continued rumbling in the East. The acceptance of Constantine's son [[Constantius II]] of the Arian heresy caused many Catholic Bishops under his jurisdiction in the Eastern part of the Empire to be exiled and Catholicism was temporarily suppressed when Constantius took over the Western part of the Roman Empire as well.  Even [[Pope Liberius]] was exiled.  Under [[Julian the Apostate]], the next Emperor, all exiled Bishops were allowed back, in part to promote infighting among Christians.<ref>http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Arianism</ref>  Arianism's sudden rise dissipated when [[Valentinian]], a Catholic became Emperor in the West followed a decade later by [[Theodius]], a Catholic, in the East.  Religious uniformity was again restored when another religious council reiterated that Arianism was a heresy (379).  Never having the numerical support of Catholicism to begin with, Arianism died out within the Empire almost overnight, but continued to be a thorn in the side of the Empire as many of the surrounding tribes had and were accepting Christianity, but were converted with an Arian stamp.
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Arianism was officially condemned as incorrect by the [[Council of Nicaea]] in 325, which gave its seal of authority to the established [[Holy Trinity|trinitarian]] view. On the surface the Arian position appeared to die out, but it simmered under the surface and re-emerged after the death of the Emperor [[Constantine]] being cultivated by key Bishops and a continued rumbling in the East. The acceptance of Constantine's son [[Constantius II]] of the Arian heresy caused many Catholic Bishops under his jurisdiction in the Eastern part of the Empire to be exiled and Catholicism was temporarily suppressed when Constantius took over the Western part of the Roman Empire as well.  Even [[Pope Liberius]] was exiled.  Under [[Julian the Apostate]], the next Emperor, all exiled Bishops were allowed back, in part to promote infighting among Christians.<ref>http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Arianism</ref>  Arianism's sudden rise dissipated when [[Valentinian]], a Catholic became Emperor in the West followed a decade later by [[Theodius]], a Catholic, in the East.  Religious uniformity was again restored when another religious council reiterated that Arianism was a heresy (379).  Never having the numerical support of Catholicism to begin with, Arianism died out within the Empire almost overnight, but continued to be a threat to the Roman Empire as many of the surrounding tribes had and were accepting Christianity, but were converted with an Arian stamp.
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==Barbarians==
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The barbarian tribes which invaded [[Rome]], and caused its fall in 476, were often Arians.  The [[Visigoths]] and the [[Ostrogoths]], and especially [[Theoderic]], were followers of the Arian heresy.  It would take centuries before the trinitarian view prevailed in those regions.  The 5th Ecumenical Council in 553 ended the last outreaches of Arianism within greater Europe.<ref>J. Herrin (1987) The Formation of Christendom. Fontana Press, London. </ref>
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==Later developments==
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Arianism died out as an organized force but its ideas were known to theologians. Arianism Unitarianism in [[Renaissance]] Europe grew out of the teachings of the Italians Lelio Sozzini, or Socinus (1525-1562), and his nephew Fausto (1539-1604) during the period of the [[Protestant Reformation]]. [[Isaac newton]] was an Arian--indeed he modeled himself after Arius--but kept it secret because heresy would ccost him his official academoc and government appointments.
  
The barbarian tribes which invaded [[Rome]], and caused its fall in 476, were often Arians. The [[Visigoths]] and the [[Ostrogoths]], and especially [[Theoderic]], were followers of the Arian heresy. It would take centuries before the [[trinity|trinitarian]] view prevailed in those regions. The 5th Ecumenical Council in 553 ended the last outreaches of Arianism within greater Europe.<ref>J. Herrin (1987) The Formation of Christendom. Fontana Press, London. </ref>
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[[Unitarian]] ideas that emerged in England and the U.S. after 1770 have many similarities to Arianism.
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==Bibliography==
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*Gonzalez, Justo L. '' A History of Christian Thought: Volume 1: From the Beginnings to the Council of Chalcedon'' (2nd ed. 1987); [http://www.amazon.com/History-Christian-Thought-Beginnings-Chalcedon/dp/0687171822/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1200823941&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search vol 1]
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* Williams, Rowan. ''Arius: Heresy and Tradition'' (2002) [http://www.amazon.com/Arius-Heresy-Tradition-Rowan-Williams/dp/0802849695/ref=pd_bbs_sr_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1233553963&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
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*''New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge'' (1911), major sources of older scholarly articles; mainline Protestant perspective: [http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/encyc01.toc.html Vol. 1: Aachen- Basilians]
  
 
==References==
 
==References==
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[[Category:Heresies]]
 
[[Category:Heresies]]
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[[Category:Christian Denominations]]

Revision as of 06:00, February 2, 2009

Originating around AD 320 as taught by Arius, Arianism was the theological view that Jesus was divine, but created and lesser than God the Father. It was Chrisdtian, but denounced as heresy by the orthodox forces trinitarian that eventually prevailed.

Arianism was officially condemned as incorrect by the Council of Nicaea in 325, which gave its seal of authority to the established trinitarian view. On the surface the Arian position appeared to die out, but it simmered under the surface and re-emerged after the death of the Emperor Constantine being cultivated by key Bishops and a continued rumbling in the East. The acceptance of Constantine's son Constantius II of the Arian heresy caused many Catholic Bishops under his jurisdiction in the Eastern part of the Empire to be exiled and Catholicism was temporarily suppressed when Constantius took over the Western part of the Roman Empire as well. Even Pope Liberius was exiled. Under Julian the Apostate, the next Emperor, all exiled Bishops were allowed back, in part to promote infighting among Christians.[1] Arianism's sudden rise dissipated when Valentinian, a Catholic became Emperor in the West followed a decade later by Theodius, a Catholic, in the East. Religious uniformity was again restored when another religious council reiterated that Arianism was a heresy (379). Never having the numerical support of Catholicism to begin with, Arianism died out within the Empire almost overnight, but continued to be a threat to the Roman Empire as many of the surrounding tribes had and were accepting Christianity, but were converted with an Arian stamp.

Barbarians

The barbarian tribes which invaded Rome, and caused its fall in 476, were often Arians. The Visigoths and the Ostrogoths, and especially Theoderic, were followers of the Arian heresy. It would take centuries before the trinitarian view prevailed in those regions. The 5th Ecumenical Council in 553 ended the last outreaches of Arianism within greater Europe.[2]

Later developments

Arianism died out as an organized force but its ideas were known to theologians. Arianism Unitarianism in Renaissance Europe grew out of the teachings of the Italians Lelio Sozzini, or Socinus (1525-1562), and his nephew Fausto (1539-1604) during the period of the Protestant Reformation. Isaac newton was an Arian--indeed he modeled himself after Arius--but kept it secret because heresy would ccost him his official academoc and government appointments.

Unitarian ideas that emerged in England and the U.S. after 1770 have many similarities to Arianism.

Bibliography

  • Gonzalez, Justo L. A History of Christian Thought: Volume 1: From the Beginnings to the Council of Chalcedon (2nd ed. 1987); excerpt and text search vol 1
  • Williams, Rowan. Arius: Heresy and Tradition (2002) excerpt and text search
  • New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge (1911), major sources of older scholarly articles; mainline Protestant perspective: Vol. 1: Aachen- Basilians

References

  1. http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Arianism
  2. J. Herrin (1987) The Formation of Christendom. Fontana Press, London.