Navigation - Revision history

DavidB4: moved image to right

2017-03-14T19:53:27Z

moved image to right

DavidB4-bot: clean up & uniformity

2016-06-28T01:16:58Z

clean up & uniformity

BertSchlossberg at 22:07, April 13, 2008

2008-04-13T22:07:10Z

BertSchlossberg: /* The Inertial Navigation System */

2008-02-05T18:38:53Z

The Inertial Navigation System

HelpJazz: didn't mean to take out the refs

2008-02-04T15:44:24Z

didn't mean to take out the refs

HelpJazz: taking out KAL-only details, leaving INS details, since this article is about nav systems, not shot down airplanes

2008-02-04T15:42:40Z

taking out KAL-only details, leaving INS details, since this article is about nav systems, not shot down airplanes

HelpJazz: /* The INS */ deja vu

2008-02-04T15:37:47Z

The INS: deja vu

BertSchlossberg: /* The INS */

2008-02-04T14:22:50Z

The INS

BertSchlossberg: /* The INS */

2008-02-04T14:18:26Z

The INS

BertSchlossberg at 12:39, February 4, 2008

2008-02-04T12:39:02Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:53, March 14, 2017
Line 1:		Line 1:
−	[[Image:Godspeed ship.jpg\|~~left~~]]	+	[[Image:Godspeed ship.jpg\|right]]
	'''Navigation''' is the theory and practice of navigating: plotting, ascertaining, and charting the course of a [[ship]] or aircraft. From the [[Latin]] root "navigationem" meaning "to sail, sail over, go by sea, steer a ship."		'''Navigation''' is the theory and practice of navigating: plotting, ascertaining, and charting the course of a [[ship]] or aircraft. From the [[Latin]] root "navigationem" meaning "to sail, sail over, go by sea, steer a ship."

@@ Line 9: / Line 9: @@
 ==The Inertial Navigation System ==
-−
 Prior to the commercial use of the [[GPS]] (Global Positioning System), the most common navigational system in use for international passenger flights was the [[Inertial Navigation System]] (INS). Whereas the  LORAN ([[Long Range Navigation]]) system used navigational aids external to the aircraft ("master" land station and two or more "slave" stations transmitting low or medium intersecting signals), INS was entirely internally based using gyroscopes and accelerometers (which detect changes in an aircraft's motion in any direction in reference to the gyroscopic lines) which minutely and continuously (seven times a second) adjusted through the automatic pilot the aircraft in flight - taking into account the changing wind, velocity, weight and other conditions. An aircraft using INS was guided by preflight insertion of up to nine navigational "waypoints". If more were need, number 10 and subsequent were inserted during the flight replacing entries overflown and "vacated". Three independent but electrically linked INS units were generally installed in a passenger plane - two active and "'redundant" with displays for pilot and co-pilot and one "hot spare".
 A famous incident involving a passenger plane that strayed from its INS guided flight path was the shootdown by the Soviets of [[Korean Airlines Flight 007]] - shot down west of Sakhalin Island in 1983. Either the pilots had failed to switch from [[Magnetic Heading]] to INS, or did so but out of the maximum range of 7 1/2 Nautical Miles from the "desired track". This mistake may have lead to the shootdown itself.<ref>http://www.rescue007.org/faq.htm#3</ref> It was due to KAL 007's deviation from its route while using INS that President Reagan authorized GPS to be used for non-military navigational purposes.
-==See Also==
+==See also==
 *[[How KAL 007 was Lost]]

@@ Line 13: / Line 13: @@
 A famous incident involving a passenger plane that strayed from its INS guided flight path was the shootdown by the Soviets of [[Korean Airlines Flight 007]] - shot down west of Sakhalin Island in 1983. Either the pilots had failed to switch from [[Magnetic Heading]] to INS, or did so but out of the maximum range of 7 1/2 Nautical Miles from the "desired track". This mistake may have lead to the shootdown itself.<ref>http://www.rescue007.org/faq.htm#3</ref> It was due to KAL 007's deviation from its route while using INS that President Reagan authorized GPS to be used for non-military navigational purposes.
 ==References==
 <references />
 [[Category:Navigation]]

@@ Line 10: / Line 10: @@
 ==The Inertial Navigation System ==
-Prior to the commercial use of the [[GPS]] (Global Positioning System), the most common navigational system in use for international passenger flights was the the [[Inertial Navigation System]] (INS). Whereas the  LORAN ([[Long Range Navigation]]) system used navigational aids external to the aircraft ("master" land station and two or more "slave" stations transmitting low or medium intersecting signals), INS was entirely internally based using gyroscopes and accelerometers (which detect changes in an aircraft's motion in any direction in reference to the gyroscopic lines) which minutely and continuously (seven times a second) adjusted through the automatic pilot the aircraft in flight - taking into account the changing wind, velocity, weight and other conditions. An aircraft using INS was guided by preflight insertion of up to nine navigational "waypoints". If more were need, number 10 and subsequent were inserted during the flight replacing entries overflown and "vacated". Three independent but electrically linked INS units were generally installed in a passenger plane - two active and "'redundant" with displays for pilot and co-pilot and one "hot spare".
+Prior to the commercial use of the [[GPS]] (Global Positioning System), the most common navigational system in use for international passenger flights was the [[Inertial Navigation System]] (INS). Whereas the  LORAN ([[Long Range Navigation]]) system used navigational aids external to the aircraft ("master" land station and two or more "slave" stations transmitting low or medium intersecting signals), INS was entirely internally based using gyroscopes and accelerometers (which detect changes in an aircraft's motion in any direction in reference to the gyroscopic lines) which minutely and continuously (seven times a second) adjusted through the automatic pilot the aircraft in flight - taking into account the changing wind, velocity, weight and other conditions. An aircraft using INS was guided by preflight insertion of up to nine navigational "waypoints". If more were need, number 10 and subsequent were inserted during the flight replacing entries overflown and "vacated". Three independent but electrically linked INS units were generally installed in a passenger plane - two active and "'redundant" with displays for pilot and co-pilot and one "hot spare".
 A famous incident involving a passenger plane that strayed from its INS guided flight path was the shootdown by the Soviets of [[Korean Airlines Flight 007]] - shot down west of Sakhalin Island in 1983. Either the pilots had failed to switch from [[Magnetic Heading]] to INS, or did so but out of the maximum range of 7 1/2 Nautical Miles from the "desired track". This mistake may have lead to the shootdown itself.<ref>http://www.rescue007.org/faq.htm#3</ref> It was due to KAL 007's deviation from its route while using INS that President Reagan authorized GPS to be used for non-military navigational purposes.

@@ Line 8: / Line 8: @@
 Modern inventions such as [[LORAN]] and the [[GPS]] make it possible to determine a ship's precise position to within 50 feet.
-===The Inertial Navigation System ===
+==The Inertial Navigation System ==
 Prior to the commercial use of the [[GPS]] (Global Positioning System), the most common navigational system in use for international passenger flights was the the [[Inertial Navigation System]] (INS). Whereas the  LORAN ([[Long Range Navigation]]) system used navigational aids external to the aircraft ("master" land station and two or more "slave" stations transmitting low or medium intersecting signals), INS was entirely internally based using gyroscopes and accelerometers (which detect changes in an aircraft's motion in any direction in reference to the gyroscopic lines) which minutely and continuously (seven times a second) adjusted through the automatic pilot the aircraft in flight - taking into account the changing wind, velocity, weight and other conditions. An aircraft using INS was guided by preflight insertion of up to nine navigational "waypoints". If more were need, number 10 and subsequent were inserted during the flight replacing entries overflown and "vacated". Three independent but electrically linked INS units were generally installed in a passenger plane - two active and "'redundant" with displays for pilot and co-pilot and one "hot spare".
-A famous incident involving a passenger plane that strayed from its INS guided flight path was the shootdown by the Soviets of [[Korean Airlines Flight 007]] - shot down west of Sakhalin Island in 1983. Either the pilots had failed to switch from [[Magnetic Heading]] to INS, or did so but out of the maximum range of 7 1/2 Nautical Miles from the "desired track". This mistake may have lead to the shootdown itself. It was due to KAL 007's deviation from its route while using INS that President Reagan authorized GPS to be used for non-military navigational purposes.
+A famous incident involving a passenger plane that strayed from its INS guided flight path was the shootdown by the Soviets of [[Korean Airlines Flight 007]] - shot down west of Sakhalin Island in 1983. Either the pilots had failed to switch from [[Magnetic Heading]] to INS, or did so but out of the maximum range of 7 1/2 Nautical Miles from the "desired track". This mistake may have lead to the shootdown itself.<ref>http://www.rescue007.org/faq.htm#3</ref> It was due to KAL 007's deviation from its route while using INS that President Reagan authorized GPS to be used for non-military navigational purposes.
 [[Category:Navigation]]

@@ Line 8: / Line 8: @@
 Modern inventions such as [[LORAN]] and the [[GPS]] make it possible to determine a ship's precise position to within 50 feet.
-===The [[INS]]===
+===The Inertial Navigation System ===
-Prior to the commercial use of the [[GPS System]] (Global Positioning System), the most common navigational system in use for international passenger flights was the the Inertial Navigation System (INS). Whereas the  [[LORAN]] (Long Range Navigation) system used navigational aids external to the aircraft ("master" land station and two or more "slave" stations transmitting low or medium intersecting signals), INS was entirely internally based using gyroscopes and accelerometers (which detect changes in an aircraft's motion in any direction in reference to the gyroscopic lines) which minutely and continuously (seven times a second) adjusted through the automatic pilot the aircraft in flight - taking into account the changing wind, velocity, weight and other conditions. An aircraft using INS was guided by preflight insertion of up to nine navigational "waypoints". If more were need, number 10 and subsequent were inserted during the flight replacing entries overflown and "vacated". Three independent but electrically linked INS units were generally installed in a passenger plane - two active and "'redundant" with displays for pilot and co-pilot and one "hot spare".
+Prior to the commercial use of the [[GPS System]] (Global Positioning System), the most common navigational system in use for international passenger flights was the the [[Inertial Navigation System]] (INS). Whereas the  LORAN ([[Long Range Navigation]]) system used navigational aids external to the aircraft ("master" land station and two or more "slave" stations transmitting low or medium intersecting signals), INS was entirely internally based using gyroscopes and accelerometers (which detect changes in an aircraft's motion in any direction in reference to the gyroscopic lines) which minutely and continuously (seven times a second) adjusted through the automatic pilot the aircraft in flight - taking into account the changing wind, velocity, weight and other conditions. An aircraft using INS was guided by preflight insertion of up to nine navigational "waypoints". If more were need, number 10 and subsequent were inserted during the flight replacing entries overflown and "vacated". Three independent but electrically linked INS units were generally installed in a passenger plane - two active and "'redundant" with displays for pilot and co-pilot and one "hot spare".
-The most famous incident involving a passenger plane that strayed from its INS guided flight path was the shootdown by the Soviets of [[Korean Airlines Flight 007]] - shot down west of Sakhalin Island in 1983. Either the pilots had failed to switch from [[Magnetic Heading]] to INS, or did so but out of the maximum range of 7 1/2 Nautical Miles from the "desired track". Here is the story of the use and misuse of the INS [http://www.rescue007.org/faq.htm#3] in that tragic flight ending in the shootdown itself [http://www.rescue007.org/shootdown.htm]. It was due to KAL 007's deviation from its route while using INS that President Reagan authorized GPS to be used for non - military navigational purposes.
+A famous incident involving a passenger plane that strayed from its INS guided flight path was the shootdown by the Soviets of [[Korean Airlines Flight 007]] - shot down west of Sakhalin Island in 1983. Either the pilots had failed to switch from [[Magnetic Heading]] to INS, or did so but out of the maximum range of 7 1/2 Nautical Miles from the "desired track". Here is the story of the use and misuse of the INS [http://www.rescue007.org/faq.htm#3] in that tragic flight ending in the shootdown itself [http://www.rescue007.org/shootdown.htm]. It was due to KAL 007's deviation from its route while using INS that President Reagan authorized GPS to be used for non - military navigational purposes.
 ==External Links==

@@ Line 10: / Line 10: @@
 ===The INS===
-Prior to the commercial use of the GPS System, the most common navigational system in use for international passenger flights was the the Intertial Navigation System (INS). Whereas the  LORAN system used navigational aids external to the aircraft ("master" land station and two or more "slave" stations transmitting low or medium intersecting signals), INS was entirely internally based using gyroscopes and accelerometers (which detect changes in an aircraft's motion in any direction in reference to the gyroscopic lines) which minutely and continuously (seven times a second) adjusted through the automatic pilot the aircraft in flight - taking into account the changing wind, velocity, weight and other conditions. An aircraft using INS was guided by preflight insertion of up to nine navigational "waypoints". If more were need, number 10 and subsequent were inserted during the flight replacing entries overflown and "vacated". Three independent but electrically linked INS units were generally installed in a passenger plane - two active and "'redundant" with displays for pilot and co-pilot and one "hot spare".
+Prior to the commercial use of the GPS System, the most common navigational system in use for international passenger flights was the the Inertial Navigation System (INS). Whereas the  LORAN system used navigational aids external to the aircraft ("master" land station and two or more "slave" stations transmitting low or medium intersecting signals), INS was entirely internally based using gyroscopes and accelerometers (which detect changes in an aircraft's motion in any direction in reference to the gyroscopic lines) which minutely and continuously (seven times a second) adjusted through the automatic pilot the aircraft in flight - taking into account the changing wind, velocity, weight and other conditions. An aircraft using INS was guided by preflight insertion of up to nine navigational "waypoints". If more were need, number 10 and subsequent were inserted during the flight replacing entries overflown and "vacated". Three independent but electrically linked INS units were generally installed in a passenger plane - two active and "'redundant" with displays for pilot and co-pilot and one "hot spare".
 ==External Links==

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:39, February 4, 2008
Line 7:		Line 7:

	Modern inventions such as [[LORAN]] and the [[GPS]] make it possible to determine a ship's precise position to within 50 feet.		Modern inventions such as [[LORAN]] and the [[GPS]] make it possible to determine a ship's precise position to within 50 feet.
		+
		+	===The INS===
		+
		+	Prior to the commercial use of the GPS System, the most common navigational system in use for international passenger flights was the the Intertial Navigation System (INS). Whereas the LORAN system used navigational aids external to the aircraft ("master" land station and two or more "slave" stations transmitting low or medium intersecting signals), INS was entirely internally based using gyroscopes and accelerometers (which detect changes in an aircraft's motion in any direction in reference to the gyroscopic lines) which minutely and continuously (seven times a second) adjusted through the automatic pilot the aircraft in flight - taking into account the changing wind, velocity, weight and other conditions. An aircraft using INS was guided by preflight insertion of up to nine navigational "waypoints". If more were need, number 10 and subsequent were inserted during the flight replacing entries overflown and "vacated". Three independent but electrically linked INS units were generally installed in a passenger plane - two active and "'redundant" with displays for pilot and co-pilot and one "hot spare".
		+
		+	The most famous incident involving a passenger plane that strayed from its INS guided flight path was the shootdown by the Soviets of [[Korean Airlines Flight 007]] - shot down west of Sakhalin Island in 1983. Either the pilots had failed to switch from [[Magnetic Heading]] to INS, or did so but out of the maximum range of 7 1/2 Nautical Miles from the "desired track". Here is the story of the use and misuse of the INS [http://www.rescue007.org/faq.htm#3] in that tragic flight ending in the shootdown itself [http://www.rescue007.org/shootdown.htm]. It was due to KAL 007's deviation from its route while using INS that President Reagan authorized GPS to be used for non - military navigational purposes.
		+
		+
		+
		+
		+	==External Links==
		+
		+	*[http://www.rescue007.org/ The website of the International Committee for the Rescue of KAL 007 Survivors]
		+

	[[Category:Navigation]]		[[Category:Navigation]]