Laos - Revision history

RoadtoEmmaus2: Copy-edit improvements

2026-09-06T19:06:29Z

Copy-edit improvements

RobSmith: /* History */

2025-08-02T15:57:27Z

History

RobSmith: /* History */

2025-08-02T15:51:19Z

History

Alex Kosh at 23:25, January 28, 2024

2024-01-28T23:25:07Z

ChadUser at 16:33, April 11, 2021

2021-04-11T16:33:10Z

ChadUser at 16:32, April 11, 2021

2021-04-11T16:32:59Z

United States at 19:33, November 29, 2020

2020-11-29T19:33:35Z

DavidB4-bot: /* History */Spelling, grammar, and general cleanup, typos fixed: 1961-62 → 1961–62

2020-04-20T04:40:13Z

History: Spelling, grammar, and general cleanup, typos fixed: 1961-62 → 1961–62

DavidB4-bot: Spelling/Grammar Check, typos fixed: 1990's → 1990s, sq. km → km²

2016-07-25T16:32:17Z

Spelling/Grammar Check, typos fixed: 1990's → 1990s, sq. km → km<sup>2</sup>

DavidB4-bot: clean up & uniformity

2016-06-27T06:48:03Z

clean up & uniformity

@@ Line 34: / Line 34: @@
 Laos' population was estimated at 6.5 million in mid-2007, dispersed unevenly across the country. Most people live in valleys of the Mekong River and its tributaries. Vientiane prefecture, the capital and largest city, had about 711,919 residents in 2006. The country's population density was 27/km<sup>2</sup>.
-About half the country's people are ethnic Lao, the principal lowland inhabitants as well as the politically and culturally dominant group. The Lao are descended from the Tai people who began migrating southward from China in the first millennium A.D. Mountain tribes of Hmong-Yao, and Tibeto-Burman (Kor and Phounoy) as well as Tai ethno-linguistic heritage are found in northern Laos. Until recently, they were known as Lao Sung or highland Lao. In the central and southern mountains, Austro Asiatic (Mon-Khmer and Viet-Muong) tribes, formerly known as Lao Theung or mid-slope Lao, predominate. Some Vietnamese and Chinese minorities remain, particularly in the towns, but many left in two waves-after partial independence in the late 1940s and again after 1975.
+About half the country's people are ethnic Lao, the principal lowland inhabitants as well as the politically and culturally dominant group. The Lao are descended from the Tai people who began migrating southward from China in the first millennium A.D. Mountain tribes of Hmong-Yao and Tibeto-Burman (Kor and Phounoy), as well as Tai ethno-linguistic groups, are found in northern Laos. Until recently, they were known as Lao Sung or highland Lao. In the central and southern mountains, Austro-Asiatic (Mon-Khmer and Viet-Muong) tribes, formerly known as Lao Theung or mid-slope Lao, predominate. Some Vietnamese and Chinese minorities remain, particularly in the towns, but many left in two waves — after partial independence in the late 1940s and again after 1975.
-The predominant religion is [[Theravada Buddhism]]. Animism is common among the mountain tribes. [[Buddhism]] and spirit worship coexist easily. There also are a small numbers of [[Christians]] and [[Muslim]]s.
+The predominant religion is [[Theravada Buddhism]]. Animism is common among the mountain tribes. [[Buddhism]] and spirit worship coexist easily. There also are a small number of [[Christians]] and [[Muslims]].
-The official and dominant language is Lao, a tonal language of the Tai linguistic group. Minorities speak an assortment of Mon-Khmer, Hmong-Yao, and Tibeto-Burman languages. French, once common in government and commerce, has declined in usage, while knowledge of English—the language of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)--has increased in recent years. The government is encouraging officials and students to learn English. High school students are required to take either French or English; the majority today choose English. The government plans to introduce English at the primary school level by 2010.
+The official and dominant language is Lao, a tonal language of the Tai linguistic group. Minorities speak an assortment of Mon-Khmer, Hmong-Yao, and Tibeto-Burman languages. French, once common in government and commerce, has declined in usage, while knowledge of English—the language of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)—has increased in recent years. The government is encouraging officials and students to learn English. High school students are required to take either French or English; the majority today choose English. The government plans to introduce English at the primary school level by 2010.
 *Population (2007 est.): 6.5 million.
 *Annual growth rate (2007): 2.4%.
 *Ethnic groups: Tai-Kadai language family (6 ethnic groups)--66.2%; Austro-Asiatic (Mon-Khmer and Viet-Muong) language family (30 ethnic groups)--22.8%; Hmong-Yao (2 ethnic groups)--7.4%; Tibeto-Burman (8 ethnic groups)--2.7%; other ethnic groups (including Vietnamese and Chinese)--0.9%.
-*Religions: Buddhism—65%; Christianity—1.3%; others (including animism, Ba'hai, and Islam)-33.7%.
+*Religions: Buddhism—65%; Christianity—1.3%; others (including animism, Baha'i, and Islam)—33.7%.
 *Languages: Lao (official), French, English, and various ethnic languages.
 *Education: Literacy—69%.
-*Health (2007): Infant mortality rate-81.4/1,000. Life expectancy—56 years.
+*Health (2007): Infant mortality rate—81.4/1,000. Life expectancy—56 years.
-*Work force (2.1 million, 2006): Agriculture—78.5%; industry and services—21.5% (2006).
+*Workforce (2.1 million, 2006): Agriculture—78.5%; industry and services—21.5% (2006).
 ==Government and Political Conditions==
@@ Line 58: / Line 58: @@
 *President—Choummaly Sayasone
 *Prime Minister—Thongsing Thammavong
-*Ambassador to the U.S.--Phiane Philakone
+*Ambassador to the U.S.—Phiane Philakone
 *Permanent Representative to the UN—Kanika Phommachanh
@@ Line 86: / Line 86: @@
 *Industrial growth rate (2006 est.): 13%.
 *Services (2006 est.): 26% of GDP.
-*Trade: Exports (2006 est.)--$593.6 million: garments, gold and copper, electricity, wood and wood products, coffee and other agricultural products, rattan, and tin. Major markets—Thailand, Vietnam, France, and Germany. Imports (2006 est.)--$1.092 billion. Major imports—fuel, food, consumer, goods, machinery and equipment, vehicles and spare parts. Major suppliers—Thailand, China, Vietnam, Singapore.
+*Trade: Exports (2006 est.)--$593.6 million: garments, gold and copper, electricity, wood and wood products, coffee and other agricultural products, rattan, and tin. Major markets—Thailand, Vietnam, France, and Germany. Imports (2006 est.)--$1.092 billion. Major imports—fuel, food, consumer goods, machinery and equipment, vehicles and spare parts. Major suppliers—Thailand, China, Vietnam, Singapore.
 ==History==
@@ Line 103: / Line 103: @@
 In 1972, the communist People's Party renamed itself the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (LPRP). It joined a new coalition government in Laos soon after the Vientiane cease-fire agreement in 1973. Nonetheless, the political struggle among communists, neutralists, and rightists continued. The fall of Saigon and Phnom Penh to communist forces in April 1975 hastened the decline of the coalition in Laos. Several months after these communist victories, the Pathet Lao entered Vientiane. On December 2, 1975, the king abdicated his throne and the communist Lao People's Democratic Republic (LPDR) was established.
-The new communist government imposed centralized economic decision-making and broad security measures, including control of the media and the arrest and incarceration of many members of the previous government and military in "re-education camps." These draconian policies and deteriorating economic conditions, along with government efforts to enforce political control, prompted an exodus of lowland Lao and ethnic Hmong from Laos. About 10% of the Lao population sought refugee status after 1975, many of whom resettled in third countries, including the United States. From 1975 to 1996, the U.S. resettled some 250,000 Lao refugees from Thailand, including 130,000 Hmong. The last major resettlement to the United States of about 15,000 Hmong from the Wat Tham Krabok camp was in 2004.
+The new communist government imposed centralized economic decision-making and broad security measures, including control of the media and the arrest and incarceration of many members of the previous government and military in "re-education camps.". These draconian policies and deteriorating economic conditions, along with government efforts to enforce political control, prompted an exodus of lowland Lao and ethnic Hmong from Laos. About 10% of the Lao population sought refugee status after 1975, many of whom resettled in third countries, including the United States. From 1975 to 1996, the U.S. resettled some 250,000 Lao refugees from Thailand, including 130,000 Hmong. The last major resettlement to the United States of about 15,000 Hmong from the Wat Tham Krabok camp was in 2004.
 Over time, the Lao Government closed the re-education camps and released most political prisoners. By the end of 1999, more than 28,900 Hmong and lowland Lao had voluntarily repatriated to Laos—3,500 from China and the rest from Thailand. The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) monitored returnees for a number of years and reported no evidence of systemic persecution or discrimination against returnees per se. UNHCR closed its Laos office at the end of 2001.

@@ Line 100: / Line 100: @@
 {{Anchor|Ho Chi Minh Trail}}
-A second Geneva conference, held in 1961–62, provided for the independence and neutrality of Laos. Soon after accord was reached, the signatories accused each other of violating the terms of the agreement, and with superpower support on both sides, the civil war soon resumed. Although Laos was to be neutral, a growing American and North Vietnamese military presence in the country increasingly drew Laos into the second Indochina war (1954–75). For nearly a decade, Laos was subjected to extremely heavy bombing as the U.S. sought to interdict the portion of the Ho Chi Minh Trail that passed through eastern Laos. Unexploded ordnance, particularly cluster munitions, remains a major problem.
+A second Geneva conference, held in 1961–62, provided for the independence and neutrality of Laos. Soon after accord was reached, the signatories accused each other of violating the terms of the agreement, and with [[superpower]] support on both sides, the [[civil war]] soon resumed. Although Laos was to be neutral, a growing American and North Vietnamese military presence in the country increasingly drew Laos into the second Indochina war (1954–75). For nearly a decade, Laos was subjected to extremely heavy bombing as the U.S. sought to interdict the portion of the Ho Chi Minh Trail that passed through eastern Laos. Unexploded ordnance, particularly [[cluster munition]]s, remains a major problem.
 In 1972, the communist People's Party renamed itself the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (LPRP). It joined a new coalition government in Laos soon after the Vientiane cease-fire agreement in 1973. Nonetheless, the political struggle among communists, neutralists, and rightists continued. The fall of Saigon and Phnom Penh to communist forces in April 1975 hastened the decline of the coalition in Laos. Several months after these communist victories, the Pathet Lao entered Vientiane. On December 2, 1975, the king abdicated his throne and the communist Lao People's Democratic Republic (LPDR) was established.

@@ Line 97: / Line 97: @@
 In 1960, Kong Le, a paratroop captain, seized Vientiane in a coup and demanded the formation of a neutralist government to end the fighting. The neutralist government, once again led by Souvanna Phouma, was not successful in holding power. Rightist forces under Gen. Phoumi Nosavan supplanted it later that same year. Subsequently, the neutralists allied themselves with the communist insurgents and began to receive support from the Soviet Union. Phoumi Nosavan's rightist regime received support from the United States.
 A second Geneva conference, held in 1961–62, provided for the independence and neutrality of Laos. Soon after accord was reached, the signatories accused each other of violating the terms of the agreement, and with superpower support on both sides, the civil war soon resumed. Although Laos was to be neutral, a growing American and North Vietnamese military presence in the country increasingly drew Laos into the second Indochina war (1954–75). For nearly a decade, Laos was subjected to extremely heavy bombing as the U.S. sought to interdict the portion of the Ho Chi Minh Trail that passed through eastern Laos. Unexploded ordnance, particularly cluster munitions, remains a major problem.
@@ Line 103: / Line 105: @@
 The new communist government imposed centralized economic decision-making and broad security measures, including control of the media and the arrest and incarceration of many members of the previous government and military in "re-education camps." These draconian policies and deteriorating economic conditions, along with government efforts to enforce political control, prompted an exodus of lowland Lao and ethnic Hmong from Laos. About 10% of the Lao population sought refugee status after 1975, many of whom resettled in third countries, including the United States. From 1975 to 1996, the U.S. resettled some 250,000 Lao refugees from Thailand, including 130,000 Hmong. The last major resettlement to the United States of about 15,000 Hmong from the Wat Tham Krabok camp was in 2004.
 Over time, the Lao Government closed the re-education camps and released most political prisoners. By the end of 1999, more than 28,900 Hmong and lowland Lao had voluntarily repatriated to Laos—3,500 from China and the rest from Thailand. The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) monitored returnees for a number of years and reported no evidence of systemic persecution or discrimination against returnees per se. UNHCR closed its Laos office at the end of 2001.
 ==See also==

@@ Line 13: / Line 13: @@
 |queen	        =
 |monarch-raw	=
-|president	=
+|president	=Thongloun Sisoulith
-|president-raw	=Lt. Gen. [[Choummaly Sayasone]]
+|president-raw	=
 |chancellor	=
 |chancellor-raw	=
-|pm	        =Thongsing Thammavong
+|pm	        =Sonexay Siphandone
 |pm-raw	        =
 |area	        =91,429 sq mi

@@ Line 120: / Line 120: @@
 [[Category:Asia]]
 [[Category:Left-wing Nationalism]]
-[[Category:Welfare state]]
+[[Category:Welfare State]]
 [[Category:Southeast Asia]]

@@ Line 20: / Line 20: @@
 |pm-raw	        =
 |area	        =91,429 sq mi
-|pop	        =6,521,998 (2007)
+|pop	        =7,333,333 (2020)
 |pop-basis	=
 |gdp	        =$13.74 billion

@@ Line 32: / Line 32: @@
 ==People==
-Laos' population was estimated at 6.5 million in mid-2007, dispersed unevenly across the country. Most people live in valleys of the Mekong River and its tributaries. Vientiane prefecture, the capital and largest city, had about 711,919 residents in 2006. The country's population density was 27/sq. km.
+Laos' population was estimated at 6.5 million in mid-2007, dispersed unevenly across the country. Most people live in valleys of the Mekong River and its tributaries. Vientiane prefecture, the capital and largest city, had about 711,919 residents in 2006. The country's population density was 27/km<sup>2</sup>.
 About half the country's people are ethnic Lao, the principal lowland inhabitants as well as the politically and culturally dominant group. The Lao are descended from the Tai people who began migrating southward from China in the first millennium A.D. Mountain tribes of Hmong-Yao, and Tibeto-Burman (Kor and Phounoy) as well as Tai ethno-linguistic heritage are found in northern Laos. Until recently, they were known as Lao Sung or highland Lao. In the central and southern mountains, Austro Asiatic (Mon-Khmer and Viet-Muong) tribes, formerly known as Lao Theung or mid-slope Lao, predominate. Some Vietnamese and Chinese minorities remain, particularly in the towns, but many left in two waves-after partial independence in the late 1940s and again after 1975.
@@ Line 75: / Line 75: @@
 In 1989, the Lao Government reached agreement with the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund on additional reforms. The government agreed to expand fiscal and monetary reform, promote private enterprise and foreign investment, privatize or close state firms, and strengthen banking. In addition, it agreed to maintain a market exchange rate, reduce tariffs, and eliminate unneeded trade regulations. A liberal foreign investment code was enacted and appears to be slowly making a positive impact in the market. The process of economic reform continues.
-These reforms led to increased availability of goods and economic growth that has continued since the early 1990's, despite short-term economic setbacks resulting from the 1997 Asian financial crisis. The economy continues to be dominated by an unproductive agricultural sector operating largely outside the money economy, and the public sector continues to play an important role. Tourism is a growing industry and important source of foreign exchange. The Government of Laos is promoting infrastructure development, especially in the hydropower and mining sectors. Several large hydropower projects currently under construction are expected to increase national revenue significantly once completed.
+These reforms led to increased availability of goods and economic growth that has continued since the early 1990s, despite short-term economic setbacks resulting from the 1997 Asian financial crisis. The economy continues to be dominated by an unproductive agricultural sector operating largely outside the money economy, and the public sector continues to play an important role. Tourism is a growing industry and important source of foreign exchange. The Government of Laos is promoting infrastructure development, especially in the hydropower and mining sectors. Several large hydropower projects currently under construction are expected to increase national revenue significantly once completed.
 International indices rate Laos poorly on transparency and ease of doing business. Corruption continues to hamper economic development. Laos has begun the World Trade Organization accession process, with the intention of joining that organization by 2010.
@@ Line 118: / Line 118: @@
 [[Category:Communist States]]
 [[Category:Police State]]
 [[Category:Asia]]
 [[Category:Southeast Asia]]

@@ Line 38: / Line 38: @@
 The predominant religion is [[Theravada Buddhism]]. Animism is common among the mountain tribes. [[Buddhism]] and spirit worship coexist easily. There also are a small numbers of [[Christians]] and [[Muslim]]s.
-The official and dominant language is Lao, a tonal language of the Tai linguistic group. Minorities speak an assortment of Mon-Khmer, Hmong-Yao, and Tibeto-Burman languages. French, once common in government and commerce, has declined in usage, while knowledge of English--the language of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)--has increased in recent years. The government is encouraging officials and students to learn English. High school students are required to take either French or English; the majority today choose English. The government plans to introduce English at the primary school level by 2010.
+The official and dominant language is Lao, a tonal language of the Tai linguistic group. Minorities speak an assortment of Mon-Khmer, Hmong-Yao, and Tibeto-Burman languages. French, once common in government and commerce, has declined in usage, while knowledge of English—the language of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)--has increased in recent years. The government is encouraging officials and students to learn English. High school students are required to take either French or English; the majority today choose English. The government plans to introduce English at the primary school level by 2010.
 *Population (2007 est.): 6.5 million.
 *Annual growth rate (2007): 2.4%.
 *Ethnic groups: Tai-Kadai language family (6 ethnic groups)--66.2%; Austro-Asiatic (Mon-Khmer and Viet-Muong) language family (30 ethnic groups)--22.8%; Hmong-Yao (2 ethnic groups)--7.4%; Tibeto-Burman (8 ethnic groups)--2.7%; other ethnic groups (including Vietnamese and Chinese)--0.9%.
-*Religions: Buddhism--65%; Christianity--1.3%; others (including animism, Ba'hai, and Islam)-33.7%.
+*Religions: Buddhism—65%; Christianity—1.3%; others (including animism, Ba'hai, and Islam)-33.7%.
 *Languages: Lao (official), French, English, and various ethnic languages.
-*Education: Literacy--69%.
+*Education: Literacy—69%.
-*Health (2007): Infant mortality rate-81.4/1,000. Life expectancy--56 years.
+*Health (2007): Infant mortality rate-81.4/1,000. Life expectancy—56 years.
-*Work force (2.1 million, 2006): Agriculture--78.5%; industry and services--21.5% (2006).
+*Work force (2.1 million, 2006): Agriculture—78.5%; industry and services—21.5% (2006).
 ==Government and Political Conditions==
@@ Line 56: / Line 56: @@
 ===Principal Government Officials===
-*President--Choummaly Sayasone
+*President—Choummaly Sayasone
-*Prime Minister--Thongsing Thammavong
+*Prime Minister—Thongsing Thammavong
 *Ambassador to the U.S.--Phiane Philakone
-*Permanent Representative to the UN--Kanika Phommachanh
+*Permanent Representative to the UN—Kanika Phommachanh
 ===Foreign Relations===
@@ Line 82: / Line 82: @@
 *GDP growth rate (2006 est.): 8.3%.
 *Natural resources: Hydroelectric power, timber, and minerals.
-*Agriculture (43.4% of GDP, 2006 est.): Primary products--glutinous rice, coffee, corn, sugarcane, vegetables, tobacco, ginger, water buffalo, pigs, cattle, poultry, sweet potatoes, cotton, tea, and peanuts.
+*Agriculture (43.4% of GDP, 2006 est.): Primary products—glutinous rice, coffee, corn, sugarcane, vegetables, tobacco, ginger, water buffalo, pigs, cattle, poultry, sweet potatoes, cotton, tea, and peanuts.
-*Industry (30.6% of GDP, 2006 est.): Primary types--garment manufacturing, electricity production, copper, gold, gypsum, and tin mining, wood and wood processing, cement manufacturing, agricultural processing, and tourism.
+*Industry (30.6% of GDP, 2006 est.): Primary types—garment manufacturing, electricity production, copper, gold, gypsum, and tin mining, wood and wood processing, cement manufacturing, agricultural processing, and tourism.
 *Industrial growth rate (2006 est.): 13%.
 *Services (2006 est.): 26% of GDP.
-*Trade: Exports (2006 est.)--$593.6 million: garments, gold and copper, electricity, wood and wood products, coffee and other agricultural products, rattan, and tin. Major markets--Thailand, Vietnam, France, and Germany. Imports (2006 est.)--$1.092 billion. Major imports--fuel, food, consumer, goods, machinery and equipment, vehicles and spare parts. Major suppliers--Thailand, China, Vietnam, Singapore.
+*Trade: Exports (2006 est.)--$593.6 million: garments, gold and copper, electricity, wood and wood products, coffee and other agricultural products, rattan, and tin. Major markets—Thailand, Vietnam, France, and Germany. Imports (2006 est.)--$1.092 billion. Major imports—fuel, food, consumer, goods, machinery and equipment, vehicles and spare parts. Major suppliers—Thailand, China, Vietnam, Singapore.
 ==History==
@@ Line 98: / Line 98: @@
 In 1960, Kong Le, a paratroop captain, seized Vientiane in a coup and demanded the formation of a neutralist government to end the fighting. The neutralist government, once again led by Souvanna Phouma, was not successful in holding power. Rightist forces under Gen. Phoumi Nosavan supplanted it later that same year. Subsequently, the neutralists allied themselves with the communist insurgents and began to receive support from the Soviet Union. Phoumi Nosavan's rightist regime received support from the United States.
-A second Geneva conference, held in 1961-62, provided for the independence and neutrality of Laos. Soon after accord was reached, the signatories accused each other of violating the terms of the agreement, and with superpower support on both sides, the civil war soon resumed. Although Laos was to be neutral, a growing American and North Vietnamese military presence in the country increasingly drew Laos into the second Indochina war (1954-75). For nearly a decade, Laos was subjected to extremely heavy bombing as the U.S. sought to interdict the portion of the Ho Chi Minh Trail that passed through eastern Laos. Unexploded ordnance, particularly cluster munitions, remains a major problem.
+A second Geneva conference, held in 1961-62, provided for the independence and neutrality of Laos. Soon after accord was reached, the signatories accused each other of violating the terms of the agreement, and with superpower support on both sides, the civil war soon resumed. Although Laos was to be neutral, a growing American and North Vietnamese military presence in the country increasingly drew Laos into the second Indochina war (1954–75). For nearly a decade, Laos was subjected to extremely heavy bombing as the U.S. sought to interdict the portion of the Ho Chi Minh Trail that passed through eastern Laos. Unexploded ordnance, particularly cluster munitions, remains a major problem.
 In 1972, the communist People's Party renamed itself the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (LPRP). It joined a new coalition government in Laos soon after the Vientiane cease-fire agreement in 1973. Nonetheless, the political struggle among communists, neutralists, and rightists continued. The fall of Saigon and Phnom Penh to communist forces in April 1975 hastened the decline of the coalition in Laos. Several months after these communist victories, the Pathet Lao entered Vientiane. On December 2, 1975, the king abdicated his throne and the communist Lao People's Democratic Republic (LPDR) was established.
 The new communist government imposed centralized economic decision-making and broad security measures, including control of the media and the arrest and incarceration of many members of the previous government and military in "re-education camps." These draconian policies and deteriorating economic conditions, along with government efforts to enforce political control, prompted an exodus of lowland Lao and ethnic Hmong from Laos. About 10% of the Lao population sought refugee status after 1975, many of whom resettled in third countries, including the United States. From 1975 to 1996, the U.S. resettled some 250,000 Lao refugees from Thailand, including 130,000 Hmong. The last major resettlement to the United States of about 15,000 Hmong from the Wat Tham Krabok camp was in 2004.
-Over time, the Lao Government closed the re-education camps and released most political prisoners. By the end of 1999, more than 28,900 Hmong and lowland Lao had voluntarily repatriated to Laos--3,500 from China and the rest from Thailand. The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) monitored returnees for a number of years and reported no evidence of systemic persecution or discrimination against returnees per se. UNHCR closed its Laos office at the end of 2001.
+Over time, the Lao Government closed the re-education camps and released most political prisoners. By the end of 1999, more than 28,900 Hmong and lowland Lao had voluntarily repatriated to Laos—3,500 from China and the rest from Thailand. The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) monitored returnees for a number of years and reported no evidence of systemic persecution or discrimination against returnees per se. UNHCR closed its Laos office at the end of 2001.
 ==See also==
@@ Line 119: / Line 119: @@
 [[Category:Police State]]
 [[Category:Buddhism]]
-[[category:Asia]]
+[[Category:Asia]]
 [[Category:Southeast Asia]]

Laos - Revision history

RoadtoEmmaus2: Copy-edit improvements

RobSmith: /* History */

RobSmith: /* History */

Alex Kosh at 23:25, January 28, 2024

ChadUser at 16:33, April 11, 2021

ChadUser at 16:32, April 11, 2021

United States at 19:33, November 29, 2020

DavidB4-bot: /* History */Spelling, grammar, and general cleanup, typos fixed: 1961-62 → 1961–62

DavidB4-bot: Spelling/Grammar Check, typos fixed: 1990's → 1990s, sq. km → km2

DavidB4-bot: clean up & uniformity

DavidB4-bot: Spelling/Grammar Check, typos fixed: 1990's → 1990s, sq. km → km²