Lancashire - Revision history

Joeylad: /* Transportation */

2026-05-26T10:15:41Z

Transportation

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Over 40,000

Joeylad: /* Lancashire North of the Sands */

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Lancashire North of the Sands

Joeylad: /* History */

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History

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History

Joeylad: /* Lancashire North of the Sands */

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Lancashire North of the Sands

Joeylad: /* Lancashire North of the Sands */

2025-04-26T13:34:00Z

Lancashire North of the Sands

Joeylad at 17:06, April 24, 2025

2025-04-24T17:06:52Z

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Administration

Joeylad: /* Geography */

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Geography

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 The principal airport within Lancashire itself is [[Liverpool John Lennon Airport]] (7.5 miles south-east of Liverpool city centre), through which over 4 million passengers passed through in 2023. The considerably busier [[Manchester Airport]] is in [[Cheshire]] but serves the south Lancashire city and indeed much of North West England.
-Lancashire was the site of the first [[motorway]] in Great Britain, the Preston bypass, which now makes up a part of the [[M6 motorway]]. As part of its 230-mile course from the M1 to the [[Anglo-Scottish border|Scottish border]], the M6 has a 60 mile section in Lancashire, passing (north-south) [[Lancaster]], [[Preston]], [[Chorley]] and [[Warrington]]. Just north of Warrington, it meets the [[M62 motorway|M62]], which links [[Liverpool]] with the Humber area via the Manchester built-up area and the major Yorkshire cities [[Leeds]] and [[Bradford]].
+Lancashire was the site of the first [[motorway]] in Great Britain, the Preston bypass, which now makes up a part of the [[M6 motorway]]. As part of its 230-mile course from the M1 to the [[Anglo-Scottish border|Scottish border]], the M6 has a 60 mile section in Lancashire, passing (north-south) [[Lancaster]], [[Preston]], [[Chorley]], [[Wigan]] and [[Warrington]]. Just north of Warrington, it meets the [[M62 motorway|M62]], which links [[Liverpool]] with the Humber area via the Manchester built-up area and the major Yorkshire cities [[Leeds]] and [[Bradford]].
 == Demographics ==
 As of the 2021 census, Lancashire was one of the most [[Christian]] areas in England and Wales. The local authority area Knowsley (located in the south of the county) was the most Christian in England, with over 66.6% of Knowsley residents identifying as Christian (compared to the UK national average of 46%). The second most Christian was Ribble Valley (located mainly in Lancashire, partially in Yorkshire), with 66.4% identifying as Christian.<ref>[https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/1713391/religion-in-the-uk-mapped-christianity-news-spt How religious are YOUR neighbours? Use this interactive map to find out]</ref><ref>[https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/culturalidentity/religion/bulletins/religionenglandandwales/census2021 Religion, England and Wales: Census 2021]</ref>

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 |valign="top"|
 * [[Middleton, south Lancashire|Middleton]] (42,972)
-* Stretford (46,910)
+* [[Stretford]] (46,910)
 * [[Urmston]] (41,731)
 |}

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 The county Lancashire consists of six hundreds; Lonsdale in the north, Blackburn in the west, Amounderness and Leyland together occupying central Lancashire, Salford (or Salfordshire) in the south-east and West Derby (or West Derbyshire) in the south-west.
 === Lancashire North of the Sands ===
-'''Lancashire North of the Sands''', or '''Lancashire over the Sands''', is an exclave of the county Lancashire which lies to the north and west of the Kent estuary, separated from the main body of the county by a small spur of south-western [[Westmorland]]. [[Cumberland]] lies to the north and west. Lancashire North of the Sands is occasionally referred to as Furness, although that more properly is one of its constituent areas, the other being the Cartmel peninsula immediately to its east. By road, Lancashire North of the Sands would typically be accessed from the main body of Lancashire by travelling north on the [[M6 motorway]] into Westmorland before joining the A590 at junction 36 (Crooklands Interchange) and heading west, re-entering the County Palatine between Meathop and Lindale by crossing the River Winster. By far the largest settlement in this part of Lancashire is [[Barrow in Furness]]. Other notable settlements include [[Askham-in-Furness|Askham]], [[Broughton-in-Furness|Broughton]], Coniston, [[Grange-over-Sands]] and [[Ulverston]] All of Lancashire North of the Sands is in the Lonsdale hundred, and it is sometimes called '''North Lonsdale''' for this reason. Since the south-western [[Lake District]] lies within this part of Lancashire, it contains some of the county's most mountainous scenery; indeed, the county top the [[Old Man of Coniston]] (2,632.6 ft) is found this part of Lancashire. The biggest lake entirely within this part of Lancashire is Coniston Water, the 3rd largest lake in the Lake District. [[Windermere]], the largest natural lake in England, straddles the boundary with Westmorland.
+'''Lancashire North of the Sands''', or '''Lancashire over the Sands''', is an exclave of the county Lancashire which lies to the north and west of the Kent estuary, separated from the main body of the county by a small spur of south-western [[Westmorland]]. [[Cumberland]] lies to the north and west. Lancashire North of the Sands is occasionally referred to as Furness, although that more properly is one of its constituent areas, the other being the Cartmel peninsula immediately to its east. By road, Lancashire North of the Sands would typically be accessed from the main body of Lancashire by travelling north on the [[M6 motorway]] into Westmorland before joining the A590 at junction 36 (Crooklands Interchange) and heading west, re-entering the County Palatine between Meathop and Lindale by crossing the River Winster. By far the largest settlement in this part of Lancashire is [[Barrow in Furness]]. Other notable settlements include [[Askham-in-Furness|Askham]], [[Broughton-in-Furness|Broughton]], [[Coniston]], [[Grange-over-Sands]] and [[Ulverston]] All of Lancashire North of the Sands is in the Lonsdale hundred, and it is sometimes called '''North Lonsdale''' for this reason. Since the south-western [[Lake District]] lies within this part of Lancashire, it contains some of the county's most mountainous scenery; indeed, the county top the [[Old Man of Coniston]] (2,632.6 ft) is found this part of Lancashire. The biggest lake entirely within this part of Lancashire is Coniston Water, the 3rd largest lake in the Lake District. [[Windermere]], the largest natural lake in England, straddles the boundary with Westmorland.
 == History ==

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 In the early 1070s, a few years after the [[Normans|Norman conquest]] in 1066, the land between the Ribble and Mersey, with the addition of Amounderness, was granted by [[William the Conqueror]] to [[Roger of Poitou]]. On the order of Roger of Poitou, [[motte-and-bailey]] [[castle]] was built at [[Penwortham]] (immediately south of the River Ribble from Preston), to guard the Ribble estuary and a ford crossing the river.
-At the time the [[Domesday Book]] was compiled in 1086 on the order of [[William the Conqueror]], Lancashire was one of only two counties to not yet exist in its own right; the other was [[Rutland]], which was then an detached part of [[Nottinghamshire]]. The part of Lancashire between the Rivers Ribble and Mersey was known as ''Inter Ripam et Mersam'' (Latin: "between the Ribble and the Mersey") in the Domesday Book and was included in the returns of [[Cheshire]]; some interpretations state that this shows southern Lancashire to have been a part of Cheshire at the time (as were parts of north Wales), but this view is far from universal. The largest recorded settlement in ''Inter Ripam et Mersam'' in 1086 were [[West Derby]] (now a suburb of [[Liverpool]]), with 128 households, and [[Salford]], with 63 households. Present-day Lancashire north of the Ribble (including Lancaster, Preston and the Furness peninsula) may have formed part of [[Yorkshire]] ([[West Riding of Yorkshire|West Riding]]) in the 11th century.
+At the time the [[Domesday Book]] was compiled in 1086 on the order of [[William the Conqueror]], Lancashire was one of only two counties to not yet exist in its own right; the other was [[Rutland]], which was then an detached part of [[Nottinghamshire]]. The part of Lancashire between the Rivers Ribble and Mersey was known as ''Inter Ripam et Mersam'' (Latin: "between the Ribble and the Mersey") in the Domesday Book and was included in the returns of [[Cheshire]]; some interpretations state that this shows southern Lancashire to have been a part of Cheshire at the time (as were parts of north Wales), but this view is far from universal. The largest recorded settlement in ''Inter Ripam et Mersam'' in 1086 were [[West Derby]] (now a suburb of [[Liverpool]]), with 128 households, and [[Salford]], with 63 households (both namesakes of hundreds). Present-day Lancashire north of the Ribble (including Lancaster, Preston and the Furness peninsula) may have formed part of [[Yorkshire]] ([[West Riding of Yorkshire|West Riding]]) in the 11th century.
 The name ''Lancashire'' first appears on record in the late 12th century; in 1182, during the reign of [[Henry II]], where it appears in the pipe rolls (the main record of administrative transactions in [[Medieval]] England).<ref>[https://www.forl.co.uk/online-resources/brief-history-of-lancashire Friends of Real Lancashire - A Brief History of Lancashire]</ref>

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 In the early 1070s, a few years after the [[Normans|Norman conquest]] in 1066, the land between the Ribble and Mersey, with the addition of Amounderness, was granted by [[William the Conqueror]] to [[Roger of Poitou]]. On the order of Roger of Poitou, [[motte-and-bailey]] [[castle]] was built at [[Penwortham]] (immediately south of the River Ribble from Preston), to guard the Ribble estuary and a ford crossing the river.
-At the time the [[Domesday Book]] was compiled in 1086 on the order of [[William the Conqueror]], Lancashire was one of only two counties to not yet exist in its own right; the other was [[Rutland]], which was then an detached part of [[Nottinghamshire]]. The part of Lancashire between the Rivers Ribble and Mersey was known as ''Inter Ripam et Mersam'' (Latin: "between the Ribble and the Mersey") in the Domesday Book and was included in the returns of [[Cheshire]]; some interpretations state that this shows southern Lancashire to have been a part of Cheshire at the time (as were parts of north Wales), but this view is far from universal. The largest recorded settlement in ''Inter Ripam et Mersam'' in 1086 was [[Salford]], with 60 household. Present-day Lancashire north of the Ribble (including Lancaster, Preston and the Furness peninsula) may have formed part of [[Yorkshire]] ([[West Riding of Yorkshire|West Riding]]) in the 11th century.
+At the time the [[Domesday Book]] was compiled in 1086 on the order of [[William the Conqueror]], Lancashire was one of only two counties to not yet exist in its own right; the other was [[Rutland]], which was then an detached part of [[Nottinghamshire]]. The part of Lancashire between the Rivers Ribble and Mersey was known as ''Inter Ripam et Mersam'' (Latin: "between the Ribble and the Mersey") in the Domesday Book and was included in the returns of [[Cheshire]]; some interpretations state that this shows southern Lancashire to have been a part of Cheshire at the time (as were parts of north Wales), but this view is far from universal. The largest recorded settlement in ''Inter Ripam et Mersam'' in 1086 were [[West Derby]] (now a suburb of [[Liverpool]]), with 128 households, and [[Salford]], with 63 households. Present-day Lancashire north of the Ribble (including Lancaster, Preston and the Furness peninsula) may have formed part of [[Yorkshire]] ([[West Riding of Yorkshire|West Riding]]) in the 11th century.
 The name ''Lancashire'' first appears on record in the late 12th century; in 1182, during the reign of [[Henry II]], where it appears in the pipe rolls (the main record of administrative transactions in [[Medieval]] England).<ref>[https://www.forl.co.uk/online-resources/brief-history-of-lancashire Friends of Real Lancashire - A Brief History of Lancashire]</ref>
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 Another change to local government in the far north of Lancashire came in 2023, when Cumbria County Council was abolished. The parts of Lancashire under that council came under the control of the unitary authority [[Westmorland and Furness Council]]. The changes did not affect the boundaries of the traditional county.
 == Administration ==
 [[File:Lancashire2.jpg|right|250px|thumb|Administravie map of Lancashire and its surroundings (as of 2024), showing the difference between Lancashire and [[Lancashire County Council]].]]

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 For the purposes of local government, 21 different council areas cover (either partially or wholly) areas of Lancashire, of which [[Lancashire County Council|one is named after the county]] (but covers part of Yorkshire too). Most of the council areas that cover the county Lancashire form part of the statistical region [[North West England]]. However, a small rural part of Lancashire is under [[Calderdale Borough Council]], which is part of [[Yorkshire and the Humber]].
 == Geography ==
-[[File:Sunset at Hale Head Lighthouse - geograph.org.uk - 5323833.jpg|right|250px|thumb|Looking towards Hale Head Light, the southernmost point in the County Palatine, at night.]]
+[[File:Sunset at Hale Head Lighthouse - geograph.org.uk - 5323833.jpg|right|250px|thumb|Looking towards Hale Head Light, the southernmost point in the County Palatine, at sunset.]]
 Lancashire stretches from the Irish Sea in the west to the [[Pennine Hills]] in the east and the fells of the southern Lake District in the north. The southernmost point in Lancashire is [[Hale, Lancashire|Hale Head Lighthouse]] on the [[River Mersey]]. The northernmost point is Elter Water; 77 miles to the north of Hale. It is bound to the north-west by [[Cumberland]], to the north by [[Westmorland]], to the east by [[Yorkshire]], with which it shares far its longest land border, formed by the Pennines, and the border with [[Cheshire]] to the south is demarcated by the Mersey. A large area of the county is highland, such as the moorland of the Pennines, bisected by valleys in which historic mill towns such as [[Burnley]], [[Blackburn]], [[Bury]] and [[Rochdale]] are located. Flatter lands are found in the south-west of the county in the West Derby hundred around [[Liverpool]] and the Mersey estuary.
 === Hundreds ===
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 Another change to local government in the far north of Lancashire came in 2023, when Cumbria County Council was abolished. The parts of Lancashire under that council came under the control of the unitary authority [[Westmorland and Furness Council]]. The changes did not affect the boundaries of the traditional county.
 ==Transportation==
 The principal airport within Lancashire itself is [[Liverpool John Lennon Airport]] (7.5 miles south-east of Liverpool city centre), through which over 4 million passengers passed through in 2023. The considerably busier [[Manchester Airport]] is in [[Cheshire]] but serves the south Lancashire city and indeed much of North West England.