Esperanto - Revision history

DavidB4: Reverted edits by Lol4 (talk) to last revision by DavidB4-bot

2017-03-02T04:40:48Z

Reverted edits by Lol4 (talk) to last revision by DavidB4-bot

Lol4 at 04:19, March 2, 2017

2017-03-02T04:19:20Z

DavidB4-bot: Spelling/Grammar Check, typos fixed: etc; → etc.;, was was → was

2016-07-18T14:00:11Z

Spelling/Grammar Check, typos fixed: etc; → etc.;, was was → was

DavidB4-bot: /* Grammar and vocabulary */clean up & uniformity

2016-07-12T04:29:21Z

Grammar and vocabulary: clean up & uniformity

DavidE: /* Grammar and vocabulary */ not quite true; nouns do express gender with the -in- infix

2011-12-01T16:22:34Z

Grammar and vocabulary: not quite true; nouns do express gender with the -in- infix

DavidE: internal link

2011-06-13T19:21:54Z

internal link

DavidE: /* Criticism */ I take it that that's what you meant.

2011-03-07T17:27:59Z

Criticism: I take it that that's what you meant.

DavidE: /* Grammar and vocabulary */ expanded

2011-03-03T19:43:48Z

Grammar and vocabulary: expanded

DavidE: /* Grammar and vocabulary */ internal link

2011-02-10T17:47:39Z

Grammar and vocabulary: internal link

AlexWD at 03:40, January 2, 2010

2010-01-02T03:40:44Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:40, March 2, 2017
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−	'''Esperanto''' is a [[constructed language]] developed by ~~[[human]] [[atheist]]~~ ophthalmologist Dr. L. L. Zamenhof, in the late 1870s. Esperanto is a planned language intended for use between people who speak different native languages. It was designed with the intention of being both simple to learn and unambiguous. It is spoken by some hundreds of thousands, perhaps several million, people in all parts of the world. The [[New Testament]] was first published in Esperanto in 1912, and the [[Bible]] in 1926. The language's creator, Dr. Zamenhof, was the main translator of the Esperanto [[Old Testament]].	+	'''Esperanto''' is a [[constructed language]] developed by an ophthalmologist, Dr. L. L. Zamenhof, in the late 1870s. Esperanto is a planned language intended for use between people who speak different native languages. It was designed with the intention of being both simple to learn and unambiguous. It is spoken by some hundreds of thousands, perhaps several million, people in all parts of the world. The [[New Testament]] was first published in Esperanto in 1912, and the [[Bible]] in 1926. The language's creator, Dr. Zamenhof, was the main translator of the Esperanto [[Old Testament]].

	==Grammar and vocabulary==		==Grammar and vocabulary==

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:19, March 2, 2017
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−	'''Esperanto''' is a [[constructed language]] developed by an ophthalmologist, Dr. L. L. Zamenhof, in the late 1870s. Esperanto is a planned language intended for use between people who speak different native languages. It was designed with the intention of being both simple to learn and unambiguous. It is spoken by some hundreds of thousands, perhaps several million, people in all parts of the world. The [[New Testament]] was first published in Esperanto in 1912, and the [[Bible]] in 1926. The language's creator, Dr. Zamenhof, was the main translator of the Esperanto [[Old Testament]].	+	'''Esperanto''' is a [[constructed language]] developed by [[human]] [[atheist]] ophthalmologist Dr. L. L. Zamenhof, in the late 1870s. Esperanto is a planned language intended for use between people who speak different native languages. It was designed with the intention of being both simple to learn and unambiguous. It is spoken by some hundreds of thousands, perhaps several million, people in all parts of the world. The [[New Testament]] was first published in Esperanto in 1912, and the [[Bible]] in 1926. The language's creator, Dr. Zamenhof, was the main translator of the Esperanto [[Old Testament]].

	==Grammar and vocabulary==		==Grammar and vocabulary==

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 ==History and current status==
-The first significant international gathering of Esperanto-speakers was was the Congress of [[1905]], in Boulogne, [[France]]. The main international organization, ''Universala Esperanto Asocio'' (World Esperanto Association, generally known by its Esperanto abbreviation), was founded in [[1908]]. UEA has a policy of strict neutrality on matters of religion and politics. It organizes two annual congresses, one for all members and one for young people.
+The first significant international gathering of Esperanto-speakers was the Congress of [[1905]], in Boulogne, [[France]]. The main international organization, ''Universala Esperanto Asocio'' (World Esperanto Association, generally known by its Esperanto abbreviation), was founded in [[1908]]. UEA has a policy of strict neutrality on matters of religion and politics. It organizes two annual congresses, one for all members and one for young people.
 The other major international organization is ''Sennacieca Associo Tutmonda'' (World Non-Nationalist Association) which attracts people of various [[left wing]] persuasions. Aside from its main aims, SAT also publishes ''Plena Illustrita Vortaro'', the language's most prestigious dictionary.

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 Esperanto has sixteen concise [[grammar|grammatical]] rules. Most significantly for English-speaking learners, several difficult features of foreign languages are absent from Esperanto. [[Noun]]s and [[adjective]]s do not agree in [[Grammar#Gender|gender]], and all nouns and [[pronoun]]s form the accusative [[grammatical case|case]] regularly with an ''-n'' [[suffix]].  There are no irregular [[verb]]s.  Verbs are not conjugated for [[person (grammar)|person]] or [[number (grammar)|number]] and do not directly express [[aspect (grammar)|aspect]]; they do express past, present, and future [[tense]]s in the indicative [[mood (grammar)|mood]] as well as tenseless subjunctive and imperative moods.  Esperanto does not have different words for "you"; the same word, "''vi''", is used to address any individuals or groups of people, regardless of their status.
-The language has a primarily [[Latin|Latinate]] vocabulary, but has [[agglutinative]] aspects in its syntax. In keeping with its purpose of being as logical and simple to learn as possible, there are no irregular forms apart from the plural forms of pronouns.
+The language has a primarily [[Latin]]ate vocabulary, but has [[agglutinative]] aspects in its syntax. In keeping with its purpose of being as logical and simple to learn as possible, there are no irregular forms apart from the plural forms of pronouns.
 ==Example text==

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 ==Grammar and vocabulary==
-Esperanto has sixteen concise [[grammar|grammatical]] rules. Most significantly for English-speaking learners, several difficult features of foreign languages are absent from Esperanto. [[Noun]]s have no gender, and all nouns and [[pronoun]]s form the accusative [[grammatical case|case]] regularly with an ''-n'' [[suffix]].  There are no irregular [[verb]]s.  Verbs are not conjugated for [[person (grammar)|person]] or [[number (grammar)|number]] and do not directly express [[aspect (grammar)|aspect]]; they do express past, present, and future [[tense]]s in the indicative [[mood (grammar)|mood]] as well as tenseless subjunctive and imperative moods.  Esperanto does not have different words for "you"; the same word, "''vi''", is used to address any individuals or groups of people, regardless of their status.
+Esperanto has sixteen concise [[grammar|grammatical]] rules. Most significantly for English-speaking learners, several difficult features of foreign languages are absent from Esperanto. [[Noun]]s and [[adjective]]s do not agree in [[Grammar#Gender|gender]], and all nouns and [[pronoun]]s form the accusative [[grammatical case|case]] regularly with an ''-n'' [[suffix]].  There are no irregular [[verb]]s.  Verbs are not conjugated for [[person (grammar)|person]] or [[number (grammar)|number]] and do not directly express [[aspect (grammar)|aspect]]; they do express past, present, and future [[tense]]s in the indicative [[mood (grammar)|mood]] as well as tenseless subjunctive and imperative moods.  Esperanto does not have different words for "you"; the same word, "''vi''", is used to address any individuals or groups of people, regardless of their status.
 The language has a primarily [[Latin|Latinate]] vocabulary, but has [[agglutinative]] aspects in its syntax. In keeping with its purpose of being as logical and simple to learn as possible, there are no irregular forms apart from the plural forms of pronouns.

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 Another criticism relates to the use of the accented letters Ĉ, Ĝ, Ĥ, Ĵ, Ŝ, and Ŭ. Several of these are unique to Esperanto and until the advent of [[Unicode]], computer users needed to install special fonts. Zamenhof suggested the use of ch, gh, hh, jh, sh and u, when no suitable typeface was available. Another common work-around is to use cx, gx etc; this has the advantage that X (along with Q, W and Y) are not used in Esperanto words.
-Furthermore, many linguists criticized Esperanto for combining elements of only proto-European languages. Asiatic languages were largely ignored in creating the language, making it exceptionally difficult for native speakers of such languages to learn Esperanto.
+Furthermore, many linguists criticized Esperanto for combining elements of only [[Indo-European]] languages. Asiatic languages were largely ignored in creating the language, making it exceptionally difficult for native speakers of such languages to learn Esperanto.
 Many speakers of Esperanto take a conservative view of proposals to change the language. They point out that arguments over the language have led to splits, most notably the creation of [[Ido]]. Despite these strong opinions, some changes such as the addition of extra affixes, have been accepted.

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 ==Grammar and vocabulary==
-Esperanto has sixteen concise grammatical rules. Most significantly for English-speaking learners, several difficult features of foreign languages are absent from Esperanto. Nouns have no gender, and there are no irregular verbs. Esperanto does not have different words for "you"; the same word, "''vi''", is used to address any individuals or groups of people, regardless of their status.
+Esperanto has sixteen concise [[grammar|grammatical]] rules. Most significantly for English-speaking learners, several difficult features of foreign languages are absent from Esperanto. Nouns have no gender, and there are no irregular verbs. Esperanto does not have different words for "you"; the same word, "''vi''", is used to address any individuals or groups of people, regardless of their status.
 The language has a primarily [[Latin|Latinate]] vocabulary, but has [[agglutinative]] aspects in its syntax. In keeping with its purpose of being as logical and simple to learn as possible, there are no irregular forms.

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-'''Esperanto''' is a [[constructed language]] developed by an ophthalmologist, Dr. L. L. Zamenhof, in the late 1870s. Esperanto is a planned language intended for use between people who speak different native languages. It was designed with the intention of being both simple to learn and unambiguous. It is spoken by some hundreds of thousands, perhaps several million, people in all parts of the world. The New Testament was first published in Esperanto in 1912, and the Bible in 1926. The language's creator, Dr. Zamenhof, was the main translator of the Esperanto Old Testament.
+'''Esperanto''' is a [[constructed language]] developed by an ophthalmologist, Dr. L. L. Zamenhof, in the late 1870s. Esperanto is a planned language intended for use between people who speak different native languages. It was designed with the intention of being both simple to learn and unambiguous. It is spoken by some hundreds of thousands, perhaps several million, people in all parts of the world. The [[New Testament]] was first published in Esperanto in 1912, and the [[Bible]] in 1926. The language's creator, Dr. Zamenhof, was the main translator of the Esperanto [[Old Testament]].
 ==Grammar and vocabulary==
-Esperanto has 16 concise grammatical rules. Most significantly for English-speaking learners, several difficult features of foreign languages are absent from Esperanto. Nouns have no gender, and there are no irregular verbs. Esperanto does not have different words for "you"; the same word, "''vi''", is used to address any individuals or groups of people, regardless of their status.
+Esperanto has sixteen concise grammatical rules. Most significantly for English-speaking learners, several difficult features of foreign languages are absent from Esperanto. Nouns have no gender, and there are no irregular verbs. Esperanto does not have different words for "you"; the same word, "''vi''", is used to address any individuals or groups of people, regardless of their status.
 The language has a primarily [[Latin|Latinate]] vocabulary, but has [[agglutinative]] aspects in its syntax. In keeping with its purpose of being as logical and simple to learn as possible, there are no irregular forms.