Edward Bernays - Revision history

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Death and legacy

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-'''Edward Louis Bernays''' (November 22, 1891 - March 9, 1995) was a journalist, author, the nephew of [[Sigmund Freud]], a progressive,<ref>[https://www.foxnews.com/story/2010/05/27/glenn-beck-progressives-fight-for-american-hearts-and-minds.html 'Glenn Beck': Progressives' Fight for American Hearts and Minds], [[Fox News]]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=aUM1Hp8ysXUC&pg=PA32 Progressive Intellectuals and the Dilemmas of Democratic Commitment]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=AxIvSfe3DyYC&pg=PT60 Power Systems: Conversations on Global Democratic Uprisings and the New Challenges to U.S. Empire]</ref> and an early innovator in modern techniques of propaganda and social psychology.  He is widely regarded as the 'Father of Public Relations'.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/books/98/08/16/specials/bernays-obit.html Edward Bernays, 'Father of Public Relations' And Leader in Opinion Making, Dies at 103]</ref>
+'''Edward Louis Bernays''' (November 22, 1891 - March 9, 1995) was a journalist, author, the nephew of [[Sigmund Freud]], a progressive,<ref>[https://www.foxnews.com/story/2010/05/27/glenn-beck-progressives-fight-for-american-hearts-and-minds.html 'Glenn Beck': Progressives' Fight for American Hearts and Minds], [[Fox News]]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=aUM1Hp8ysXUC&pg=PA32 Progressive Intellectuals and the Dilemmas of Democratic Commitment]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=AxIvSfe3DyYC&pg=PT60 Power Systems: Conversations on Global Democratic Uprisings and the New Challenges to U.S. Empire]</ref> and an early innovator in modern techniques of [[propaganda]] and social psychology.  He is widely regarded as the 'Father of Public Relations'.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/books/98/08/16/specials/bernays-obit.html Edward Bernays, 'Father of Public Relations' And Leader in Opinion Making, Dies at 103]</ref>
 Bernays was a member of the [[Committee on Public Information]], a position which helped him refine his abilities.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=WacfBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA153 The Americanization of West Virginia: Creating a Modern Industrial State, 1916-1925]</ref>

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 ==External links==
 * [https://dotsub.com/view/9cfe48bd-cc34-4aac-8d12-1723727de8da/viewTranscript/eng Annotated captions of The Century of the Self in English], Part 1
 * [https://archive.org/details/publicrelationse00bernrich Public relations, Edward L. Bernays and the American scene]

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-'''Edward Louis Bernays''' (November 22, 1891 - March 9, 1995) was a journalist, author, the nephew of [[Sigmund Freud]], a progressive,<ref>[http://www.foxnews.com/story/2010/05/27/glenn-beck-progressives-fight-for-american-hearts-and-minds.html 'Glenn Beck': Progressives' Fight for American Hearts and Minds], [[Fox News]]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=aUM1Hp8ysXUC&pg=PA32 Progressive Intellectuals and the Dilemmas of Democratic Commitment]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=AxIvSfe3DyYC&pg=PT60 Power Systems: Conversations on Global Democratic Uprisings and the New Challenges to U.S. Empire]</ref> and an early innovator in modern techniques of propaganda and social psychology.  He is widely regarded as the 'Father of Public Relations'.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/books/98/08/16/specials/bernays-obit.html Edward Bernays, 'Father of Public Relations' And Leader in Opinion Making, Dies at 103]</ref>
+'''Edward Louis Bernays''' (November 22, 1891 - March 9, 1995) was a journalist, author, the nephew of [[Sigmund Freud]], a progressive,<ref>[https://www.foxnews.com/story/2010/05/27/glenn-beck-progressives-fight-for-american-hearts-and-minds.html 'Glenn Beck': Progressives' Fight for American Hearts and Minds], [[Fox News]]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=aUM1Hp8ysXUC&pg=PA32 Progressive Intellectuals and the Dilemmas of Democratic Commitment]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=AxIvSfe3DyYC&pg=PT60 Power Systems: Conversations on Global Democratic Uprisings and the New Challenges to U.S. Empire]</ref> and an early innovator in modern techniques of propaganda and social psychology.  He is widely regarded as the 'Father of Public Relations'.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/books/98/08/16/specials/bernays-obit.html Edward Bernays, 'Father of Public Relations' And Leader in Opinion Making, Dies at 103]</ref>
 Bernays was a member of the [[Committee on Public Information]], a position which helped him refine his abilities.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=WacfBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA153 The Americanization of West Virginia: Creating a Modern Industrial State, 1916-1925]</ref>
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 * While working for the ''Medical Review of Reviews'', Bernays played a role in the creation of a play called ''Damaged Goods'', which focused on the effects of the disease syphilis.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=OmHABgAAQBAJ&pg=PA66 Reputation Management: The Key to Successful Public Relations and Corporate Communication]</ref>  Bernays himself described it as a "propaganda play that fought for sex education."<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=_OEPBt16JscC&pg=PT42 Trust Us, We're Experts PA: How Industry Manipulates Science and Gambles with Your Future]</ref>
 * Campaign for the [[NAACP]], hosted first convention in Atlanta, Georgia in 1920.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=g528Kuh8AdgC&pg=PA134 Anti-Social Engineering the Hyper-Manipulated Self]</ref>
-* Working for the Beech-Nut corporation, Bernays helped to position bacon and eggs as the true all-American breakfast.<ref>[http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4612464 Freud's Nephew and the Origins of Public Relations]</ref><ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6vFz_FgGvJI Edward L. Bernays Beech-Nut Packing Co ]</ref><ref>[http://baltimorepostexaminer.com/bacon-for-breakfast/2013/07/11#sthash.2SkytIIQ.dpbs Bacon for breakfast?]</ref>
+* Working for the Beech-Nut corporation, Bernays helped to position bacon and eggs as the true all-American breakfast.<ref>[https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4612464 Freud's Nephew and the Origins of Public Relations]</ref><ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6vFz_FgGvJI Edward L. Bernays Beech-Nut Packing Co ]</ref><ref>[http://baltimorepostexaminer.com/bacon-for-breakfast/2013/07/11#sthash.2SkytIIQ.dpbs Bacon for breakfast?]</ref>
 * "Light’s Golden Jubilee", a celebration of the invention of the lightbulb.<ref>[https://www.loc.gov/programs/static/national-recording-preservation-board/documents/LIGHT'S%20GOLDEN%20JUBILEE.pdf "Light's Golden Jubilee" (October 21, 1929)]</ref>
 * "Torches of Freedom", Bernays set up an elaborate display of debutantes sparking up their cigarettes, meanwhile he made sure to contact members of the press to capture the moment.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/books/98/08/16/specials/bernays-obit.html  Edward Bernays, 'Father of Public Relations' And Leader in Opinion Making, Dies at 103], [[The New York Times]]</ref>  In addition to positioning the media and their photographers, Bernays convinced the women to place the cigarettes within their garter belts,<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=bY9Zh7IK0F8C&pg=PT25 Silent Film Comedy and American Culture]</ref> and at the appropriate time, light them so that good pictures could be taken.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=T5hODAAAQBAJ&pg=PA126 Corporate Diplomacy: Building Reputations and Relationships with External Stakeholders]</ref>

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 * Working for the Beech-Nut corporation, Bernays helped to position bacon and eggs as the true all-American breakfast.<ref>[http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4612464 Freud's Nephew and the Origins of Public Relations]</ref><ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6vFz_FgGvJI Edward L. Bernays Beech-Nut Packing Co ]</ref><ref>[http://baltimorepostexaminer.com/bacon-for-breakfast/2013/07/11#sthash.2SkytIIQ.dpbs Bacon for breakfast?]</ref>
 * "Light’s Golden Jubilee", a celebration of the invention of the lightbulb.<ref>[https://www.loc.gov/programs/static/national-recording-preservation-board/documents/LIGHT'S%20GOLDEN%20JUBILEE.pdf "Light's Golden Jubilee" (October 21, 1929)]</ref>
-* "Torches of Freedom", Bernays set up an elaborate display of debutantes sparking up their cigarettes, meanwhile he made sure to contact members of the press to capture the moment.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/books/98/08/16/specials/bernays-obit.html  Edward Bernays, 'Father of Public Relations' And Leader in Opinion Making, Dies at 103], [[The New York Times]]</ref>  In addition to positioning the media and their photographers, Bernays convinced the women to place the cigarettes within their garter belts,<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=bY9Zh7IK0F8C&pg=PT25 Silent Film Comedy and American Culture]</ref> and at the appropriate time, light them so that good pictures could be taken.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=T5hODAAAQBAJ&pg=PA126 Corporate Diplomacy: Building Reputations and Relationships with External Stakeholders]</ref>
+* "Torches of Freedom", Bernays set up an elaborate display of debutantes sparking up their cigarettes, meanwhile he made sure to contact members of the press to capture the moment.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/books/98/08/16/specials/bernays-obit.html  Edward Bernays, 'Father of Public Relations' And Leader in Opinion Making, Dies at 103], [[The New York Times]]</ref>  In addition to positioning the media and their photographers, Bernays convinced the women to place the cigarettes within their garter belts,<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=bY9Zh7IK0F8C&pg=PT25 Silent Film Comedy and American Culture]</ref> and at the appropriate time, light them so that good pictures could be taken.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=T5hODAAAQBAJ&pg=PA126 Corporate Diplomacy: Building Reputations and Relationships with External Stakeholders]</ref>
 * Dixie Cups campaign in the 1930's.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=bY9Zh7IK0F8C&pg=PT25 Silent Film Comedy and American Culture]</ref>  Bernays leveraged the work of Freud and used science against the American consumer.  To help sell more paper cups, Bernays created a "Committee for the Study and Promotion of the Sanitary Dispensing of Food and Drink",<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=nhknAQAAIAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=%22Sanitary+Dispensing+of+Food+and+Drink%22 The New Yorker, Volume 74]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=GarJLYMm3A0C&pg=PA59 The Father of Spin: Edward L. Bernays and the Birth of Public Relations]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=ktdKDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT63 The Truth about Cancer: What You Need to Know about Cancer's History, Treatment, and Prevention]</ref> which is just as fictitious sounding as it really was.  But back then, Americans had not see the massive use of science by progressives to achieve their goals the way we see today.
 * United Fruit Company, in order to increase sales of bananas.  This particular campaign included Bernays once again calling on his media pals, similar to the Torches of Freedom campaign, resulting in a coup against the communist regime of Guatemala.  The [[New York Times]], [[Newsweek]], and others helped Bernays by publishing articles portraying the looming red threat.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=HqcwO2JfNsAC&pg=PA127 Moveable Feasts: From Ancient Rome to the 21st Century, the Incredible Journeys of the Food We Eat]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=9L6ZayN27PAC&pg=PA246 Yugoslavia Unraveled: Sovereignty, Self-Determination, Intervention]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=xcSIDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA183 Partly Cloudy: Ethics in War, Espionage, Covert Action, and Interrogation]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=0WwIjdg47PoC&pg=PA656 The Untold History of the United States]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=rP6gBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA134 Overthrow: America's Century of Regime Change from Hawaii to Iraq]</ref>  Bernays wife, Doris, was a close relative of the New York Times publisher, Arthur Hays Schulzberger, a fact which Bernays exploited.  Bernays understood very well how much weight reporting from the New York Times was, so that was his primary target.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=hv6gBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA168 The Father of Spin: Edward L. Bernays and The Birth of Public Relations]</ref>
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 ===The Century of the Self===
-In 2002, the [[BBC]] developed a four-part series about Bernays titled ''The Century of the Self'', which details some of Bernays' methods and some background in psychoanalysis.<ref>[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0432232/ The Century of the Self]</ref>
+In 2002, the [[BBC]] developed a four-part series about Bernays titled ''The Century of the Self'', which details some of Bernays' methods and some background in psychoanalysis.<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0432232/ The Century of the Self]</ref>
 Curiously, ''The Century of the Self'' goes out of its way to omit Bernays' time working for the CPI.
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 ==Death and legacy==
-Edward Bernays passed away in Cambridge, Massachusetts, on March 9, 1995.  He was 103 years old.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/1995/12/31/magazine/the-lives-they-lived-edward-l-bernays-and-henry-c-rogers-the-fathers-of-pr.html?pagewanted=all The Lives They Lived: Edward L Bernays and Henry C. Rogers;The Fathers of P.R.]</ref>  His legacy is subject to considerable controversy due to the nature of Bernays methods in manipulating people.  Oftentimes, Bernays' elitist progressive viewpoints are overlooked while conspiracies about corporate dominance are exaggerated in a lopsided fashion.
+Edward Bernays passed away in Cambridge, Massachusetts, on March 9, 1995.  He was 103 years old.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1995/12/31/magazine/the-lives-they-lived-edward-l-bernays-and-henry-c-rogers-the-fathers-of-pr.html?pagewanted=all The Lives They Lived: Edward L Bernays and Henry C. Rogers;The Fathers of P.R.]</ref>  His legacy is subject to considerable controversy due to the nature of Bernays methods in manipulating people.  Oftentimes, Bernays' elitist progressive viewpoints are overlooked while conspiracies about corporate dominance are exaggerated in a lopsided fashion.
 Another highly controversial aspect of Bernays legacy, is the use of his work in Nazi propaganda.  Bernays most infamous follower was [[Joseph Goebbels]].  Edward Bernays was not a Nazi and did not support Nazi causes.  However, Bernays wrote in his own autobiography:

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-'''Edward Louis Bernays''' (November 22, 1891 - March 9, 1995) was a journalist, author, the nephew of [[Sigmund Freud]], a progressive,<ref>[https://www.foxnews.com/story/2010/05/27/glenn-beck-progressives-fight-for-american-hearts-and-minds.html 'Glenn Beck': Progressives' Fight for American Hearts and Minds], [[Fox News]]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=aUM1Hp8ysXUC&pg=PA32 Progressive Intellectuals and the Dilemmas of Democratic Commitment]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=AxIvSfe3DyYC&pg=PT60 Power Systems: Conversations on Global Democratic Uprisings and the New Challenges to U.S. Empire]</ref> and an early innovator in modern techniques of propaganda and social psychology.  He is widely regarded as the 'Father of Public Relations'.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/books/98/08/16/specials/bernays-obit.html Edward Bernays, 'Father of Public Relations' And Leader in Opinion Making, Dies at 103]</ref>
+'''Edward Louis Bernays''' (November 22, 1891 - March 9, 1995) was a journalist, author, the nephew of [[Sigmund Freud]], a progressive,<ref>[http://www.foxnews.com/story/2010/05/27/glenn-beck-progressives-fight-for-american-hearts-and-minds.html 'Glenn Beck': Progressives' Fight for American Hearts and Minds], [[Fox News]]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=aUM1Hp8ysXUC&pg=PA32 Progressive Intellectuals and the Dilemmas of Democratic Commitment]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=AxIvSfe3DyYC&pg=PT60 Power Systems: Conversations on Global Democratic Uprisings and the New Challenges to U.S. Empire]</ref> and an early innovator in modern techniques of propaganda and social psychology.  He is widely regarded as the 'Father of Public Relations'.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/books/98/08/16/specials/bernays-obit.html Edward Bernays, 'Father of Public Relations' And Leader in Opinion Making, Dies at 103]</ref>
 Bernays was a member of the [[Committee on Public Information]], a position which helped him refine his abilities.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=WacfBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA153 The Americanization of West Virginia: Creating a Modern Industrial State, 1916-1925]</ref>

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-'''Edward Louis Bernays''' (November 22, 1891 - March 9, 1995) was a journalist, the nephew of [[Sigmund Freud]], a progressive,<ref>[http://www.foxnews.com/story/2010/05/27/glenn-beck-progressives-fight-for-american-hearts-and-minds.html 'Glenn Beck': Progressives' Fight for American Hearts and Minds], [[Fox News]]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=aUM1Hp8ysXUC&pg=PA32 Progressive Intellectuals and the Dilemmas of Democratic Commitment]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=AxIvSfe3DyYC&pg=PT60 Power Systems: Conversations on Global Democratic Uprisings and the New Challenges to U.S. Empire]</ref> and an early innovator in modern techniques of propaganda and social psychology.  He is widely regarded as the 'Father of Public Relations'.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/books/98/08/16/specials/bernays-obit.html Edward Bernays, 'Father of Public Relations' And Leader in Opinion Making, Dies at 103]</ref>
+'''Edward Louis Bernays''' (November 22, 1891 - March 9, 1995) was a journalist, author, the nephew of [[Sigmund Freud]], a progressive,<ref>[http://www.foxnews.com/story/2010/05/27/glenn-beck-progressives-fight-for-american-hearts-and-minds.html 'Glenn Beck': Progressives' Fight for American Hearts and Minds], [[Fox News]]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=aUM1Hp8ysXUC&pg=PA32 Progressive Intellectuals and the Dilemmas of Democratic Commitment]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=AxIvSfe3DyYC&pg=PT60 Power Systems: Conversations on Global Democratic Uprisings and the New Challenges to U.S. Empire]</ref> and an early innovator in modern techniques of propaganda and social psychology.  He is widely regarded as the 'Father of Public Relations'.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/books/98/08/16/specials/bernays-obit.html Edward Bernays, 'Father of Public Relations' And Leader in Opinion Making, Dies at 103]</ref>
 Bernays was a member of the [[Committee on Public Information]], a position which helped him refine his abilities.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=WacfBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA153 The Americanization of West Virginia: Creating a Modern Industrial State, 1916-1925]</ref>
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 *"The conscious and intelligent manipulation of the organized habits and opinions of the masses is an important element in democratic society. Those who manipulate this unseen mechanism of society constitute an invisible government which is the true ruling power of our country. ...We are governed, our minds are molded, our tastes formed, our ideas suggested, largely by men we have never heard of. This is a logical result of the way in which our democratic society is organized. Vast numbers of human beings must cooperate in this manner if they are to live together as a smoothly functioning society. ...In almost every act of our daily lives, whether in the sphere of politics or business, in our social conduct or our ethical thinking, we are dominated by the relatively small number of persons...who understand the mental processes and social patterns of the masses. It is they who pull the wires which control the public mind."
 *"There are invisible rulers who control the destinies of millions. It is not generally realized to what extent the words and actions of our most influential public men are dictated by shrewd persons operating behind the scenes."
 ==References==

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 Bernays was just the man to make it happen.
-==Use in Nazi propaganda==
+==Death and legacy==
-Bernays most infamous follower was [[Joseph Goebbels]].  Edward Bernays was not a Nazi and did not support Nazi causes.  However, Bernays wrote in his own autobiography:
+Edward Bernays passed away in Cambridge, Massachusetts, on March 9, 1995.  He was 103 years old.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/1995/12/31/magazine/the-lives-they-lived-edward-l-bernays-and-henry-c-rogers-the-fathers-of-pr.html?pagewanted=all The Lives They Lived: Edward L Bernays and Henry C. Rogers;The Fathers of P.R.]</ref>  His legacy is subject to considerable controversy due to the nature of Bernays methods in manipulating people.  Often times, Bernays' elitist progressive viewpoints are overlooked while conspiracies about corporate dominance are exaggerated in a lopsided fashion.
 <blockquote>Karl von Wiegand, foreign correspondent of the Hearst newspapers, an old hand at interpreting Europe and just returned from Germany, was telling us about Goebbels and his propaganda plans to consolidate Nazi power. Goebbels had shown Wiegand his propaganda library, the best Wiegand had ever seen. Goebbels, said Wiegand, was using my book Crystallizing Public Opinion as a basis for his destructive campaign against the Jews of Germany. This shocked me, but I knew any human activity can be used for social purposes or misused for antisocial ones.  Obviously the attack on the Jews of Germany was no emotional outburst of the Nazis, but a deliberate, planned campaign.<ref>Biography of an Idea: Memoirs of Public Relations Counsel, page 652.</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=UbbSDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA446 Pr!: A Social History Of Spin]</ref></blockquote>