Dhimma - Revision history

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2016-07-13T11:39:35Z

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2009-12-28T02:13:39Z

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2009-12-28T00:00:44Z

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'''Dhimma''' is a term in [[Islam]] for the status of Christians and Jews in a region overrun by Muslim conquest who were accorded a protected status and allowed to retain his original faith. Communities had limited rights, no political voice, and paid special taxes, but were allowed to regulate their internal affairs.

==see also==
* [[Pact of Umar]]

==Further reading==
* Braude, Benjamin, and Bernard Lewis, eds. ''Christians and Jews in the Ottoman Empire: The Functioning of a Plural Society'' (1982) [http://www.questia.com/read/52272246?title=Christians%20and%20Jews%20in%20the%20Ottoman%20Empire%3a%20The%20Functioning%20of%20a%20Plural%20Society online edition]

[[Category:Islam]]
[[Category:Medieval History]]
[[Category:Religion and Politics]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-'''Dhimma'''  is an Arab term used in [[Islam]] for the status of Christians and Jews in a region overrun by Muslim conquest who were accorded a protected status and allowed to retain his original faith. Communities had limited rights, no political voice, and paid special taxes, but were allowed to regulate their  internal affairs. The people involved are called "dhimmi".  In the [[Ottoman Empire]] the dhimmi paid "cizye," a poll tax.  The main religious communities formed self-governing bodies called "millets."
+'''Dhimma'''  is an Arab term used in [[Islam]] for the status of Christians and Jews in a region overrun by Islamic conquest who were accorded a protected status and allowed to retain their original faith. Communities had limited rights, no political voice, and paid punitive special taxes, but were allowed to regulate their internal affairs. The people involved are called "dhimmi".  In the [[Ottoman Empire]] the dhimmi paid "cizye," a poll tax.  The main religious communities formed self-governing bodies called "millets."
 The origins of the dhimma system came in the 7th century "[[Pact of Umar]]".
+[[Bernard Lewis]] has noted, there were episodes when the non-Islamic minorities endured serious discrimination and repression, such as the [[Armenian Genocide]] of 1890-1918. Persecution in the form of forced conversion or expulsion, though not unknown, was rare in the Islamic world. The Jewish and Christian subjects of the [[Ottoman Empire]] were reasonably safe as long as they were seen to respect the terms of the dhimma and did not attempt to exceed the status that it assigned to them. This kind of tolerance - enjoined by religion (although Islam is, in fact, a socio-political ideology that only claims to be a "religion"), enforced by law, endorsed by public opinion - worked well for centuries. It collapsed in the 19th centuries as ethnic nationalism broke up the Ottoman Empire by the end of [[World War I]].
 ==See also==

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:47, July 15, 2016
Line 1:		Line 1:
−	'''Dhimma''' is a Arab term used in [[Islam]] for the status of Christians and Jews in a region overrun by Muslim conquest who were accorded a protected status and allowed to retain his original faith. Communities had limited rights, no political voice, and paid special taxes, but were allowed to regulate their internal affairs. The people involved are called "dhimmi". In the [[Ottoman Empire]] the dhimmi paid "cizye," a poll tax. The main religious communities formed self-governing bodies called "millets."	+	'''Dhimma''' is an Arab term used in [[Islam]] for the status of Christians and Jews in a region overrun by Muslim conquest who were accorded a protected status and allowed to retain his original faith. Communities had limited rights, no political voice, and paid special taxes, but were allowed to regulate their internal affairs. The people involved are called "dhimmi". In the [[Ottoman Empire]] the dhimmi paid "cizye," a poll tax. The main religious communities formed self-governing bodies called "millets."

	The origins of the dhimma system came in the 7th century "[[Pact of Umar]]".		The origins of the dhimma system came in the 7th century "[[Pact of Umar]]".

@@ Line 6: / Line 6: @@
 A [[Bernard Lewis]] has noted, there were episodes when the non-Muslim minorities endured serious discrimination and repression, such as the [[Armenian Genocide]] of 1890-1918. Persecution in the form of forced conversion or expulsion, though not unknown, was rare in the Muslim world. The Jewish and Christian subjects of the [[Ottoman Empire]] were reasonably safe as long as they were seen to respect the terms of the dhimma and did not attempt to exceed the status that it assigned to them. This kind of tolerance - enjoined by religion, enforced by law, endorsed by public opinion - worked well for centuries. It collapsed in the 19th centuries as ethnic nationalism broke up the Ottoman Empire.
-==see also==
+==See also==
 * [[Pact of Umar]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-'''Dhimma'''  is a Arab term used in [[Islam]] for the status of Christians and Jews in a region overrun by Muslim conquest who were accorded a protected status and allowed to retain his original faith. Communities had limited rights, no political voice, and paid special taxes, but were allowed to regulate their  internal affairs. The people involved are called "dhimmi".
+'''Dhimma'''  is a Arab term used in [[Islam]] for the status of Christians and Jews in a region overrun by Muslim conquest who were accorded a protected status and allowed to retain his original faith. Communities had limited rights, no political voice, and paid special taxes, but were allowed to regulate their  internal affairs. The people involved are called "dhimmi".  In the [[Ottoman Empire]] the dhimmi paid "cizye," a poll tax.  The main religious communities formed self-governing bodies called "millets."
-A [[Bernard Lewis]] has noted, there were episodes when the non-Muslim minorities endured serious discrimination and repression, such as the [[Armenian Genocide]] of 1890-1918. Persecution in the form of forced conversion or expulsion, though not unknown, was rare in the Muslim world. The Jewish and Christian subjects of the [[Ottoman Empire]] were reasonably safe as long as they were seen to respect the terms of the dhimma and did not attempt to exceed the status that it assigned to them. This kind of tolerance - enjoined by religion, enforced by law, endorsed by public opinion - worked well for centuries. Dhimma collapsed in the 20th centuries as ethnic nationalism broke up the Ottoman Empire.
+The origins of the dhimma system came in the 7th century "[[Pact of Umar]]".
 ==see also==

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 '''Dhimma'''  is a Arab term used in [[Islam]] for the status of Christians and Jews in a region overrun by Muslim conquest who were accorded a protected status and allowed to retain his original faith. Communities had limited rights, no political voice, and paid special taxes, but were allowed to regulate their  internal affairs. The people involved are called "dhimmi".
-A [[Bernard Lewis]] has noted, there were episodes when the non-Muslim minorities endured serious discrimination and repression, such as the [[Armenian Genocide]] of 1890-1918. Persecution in the form of forced conversion or expulsion, though not unknown, was rare in the Muslim world. The Jewish and Christian subjects of the [[Ottoman Empire]] were reasonably safe as long as they were seen to respect the terms of the dhimma and did not attempt to exceed the status that it assigned to them. This kind of tolerance - enjoined by religion, enforced by law, endorsed by public opinion - worked well for centuries. It collapsed in the 20th centuries as ethnic nationalism broke up the Ottoman Empire.
+A [[Bernard Lewis]] has noted, there were episodes when the non-Muslim minorities endured serious discrimination and repression, such as the [[Armenian Genocide]] of 1890-1918. Persecution in the form of forced conversion or expulsion, though not unknown, was rare in the Muslim world. The Jewish and Christian subjects of the [[Ottoman Empire]] were reasonably safe as long as they were seen to respect the terms of the dhimma and did not attempt to exceed the status that it assigned to them. This kind of tolerance - enjoined by religion, enforced by law, endorsed by public opinion - worked well for centuries. Dhimma collapsed in the 20th centuries as ethnic nationalism broke up the Ottoman Empire.
 ==see also==

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:00, December 28, 2009
Line 1:		Line 1:
−	'''Dhimma''' is a term in [[Islam]] for the status of Christians and Jews in a region overrun by Muslim conquest who were accorded a protected status and allowed to retain his original faith. Communities had limited rights, no political voice, and paid special taxes, but were allowed to regulate their internal affairs.	+	'''Dhimma''' is a Arab term used in [[Islam]] for the status of Christians and Jews in a region overrun by Muslim conquest who were accorded a protected status and allowed to retain his original faith. Communities had limited rights, no political voice, and paid special taxes, but were allowed to regulate their internal affairs. The people involved are called "dhimmi".

		+	A [[Bernard Lewis]] has noted, there were episodes when the non-Muslim minorities endured serious discrimination and repression, such as the [[Armenian Genocide]] of 1890-1918. Persecution in the form of forced conversion or expulsion, though not unknown, was rare in the Muslim world. The Jewish and Christian subjects of the [[Ottoman Empire]] were reasonably safe as long as they were seen to respect the terms of the dhimma and did not attempt to exceed the status that it assigned to them. This kind of tolerance - enjoined by religion, enforced by law, endorsed by public opinion - worked well for centuries. It collapsed in the 20th centuries as ethnic nationalism broke up the Ottoman Empire.

	==see also==		==see also==