Bourke Hickenlooper - Revision history

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2024-07-06T03:45:34Z

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LT at 23:16, August 12, 2021

2021-08-12T23:16:38Z

LT at 23:16, August 12, 2021

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2021-08-12T23:14:32Z

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U.S. Senate

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 [[Category:Methodists]]
 [[Category:Anti-Communism]]
-[[Category:Diplomacy]]
+[[Category:International Relations]]
 {{conservatism}}
 [[Category:United States Army]]
 [[Category:United States Veterans]]
 [[Category:World War I]]

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 *[https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/83-1954/s271 S. RES. 301. PASSAGE.]. ''GovTrack.us''. Retrieved May 27, 2021.</ref> Being popular among his constituents, he was simply known by the nickname "Hick".
-Hickenlooper voted with [[conservatives]] 87% of the time during his political career.<ref>FascinatingPolitics (April 15, 2020). [https://fascinatingpolitics.com/2020/04/15/mc-index-scores-of-people-i-have-profiled/ MC-Index Scores of People I Have Profiled]. ''Mad Politics: The Bizarre, Fascinating, and Unknown of American Political History''. Retrieved August 12, 2021.</ref>
+Hickenlooper voted with the conservative side 87% of the time during his political career.<ref>FascinatingPolitics (April 15, 2020). [https://fascinatingpolitics.com/2020/04/15/mc-index-scores-of-people-i-have-profiled/ MC-Index Scores of People I Have Profiled]. ''Mad Politics: The Bizarre, Fascinating, and Unknown of American Political History''. Retrieved August 12, 2021.</ref>
 ==Early life, education, and military service==

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 *[https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/resources/pdf/1954McCarthyCensure.pdf 1954McCarthyCensure.pdf]. ''United States Senate''. Retrieved February 19, 2021.
 *[https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/83-1954/s271 S. RES. 301. PASSAGE.]. ''GovTrack.us''. Retrieved May 27, 2021.</ref> Being popular among his constituents, he was simply known by the nickname "Hick".
 ==Early life, education, and military service==

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 ===Foreign policy===
 [[File:Bourke B. Hickenlooper Senate portrait.jpg|thumb|right|180px|Senate portrait of Hickenlooper.]]
-While strongly conservative, Hickenlooper sided with [[internationalism|internationalists]] on many foreign policy matters, supporting the [[United Nations]] and backing foreign aid in 1947. He also supported the [[Marshall Plan]] as well as the establishment of [[NATO]]. However, he was much more staunchly anti-communist than many moderates, having been referred to as a "[[Cold War]] warrior". Along with [[Moderate Republican]] [[Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr.]], Hickenlooper refused to sign the [[Tydings Committee]] report which cleared the [[State Department]] of wrongdoing, previously stating in regards to a sample of loyalty files he examined:<ref name=statehistoricalsociety/>
+While strongly conservative, Hickenlooper sided with [[internationalism|internationalists]] on many foreign policy matters, supporting the [[United Nations]] and backing foreign aid in 1947. He also supported the [[Marshall Plan]] as well as the establishment of [[NATO]]. However, he was much more staunchly anti-communist than many moderates, having been referred to as a "[[Cold War]] warrior".
 {{cquote|I don't hesitate to say on this record that the ones I read I would say almost without exception I would not keep in the State Department}}
 Even [[Margaret Chase Smith]], an enemy of Sen. McCarthy, concurred with Hickenlooper's assessment, adding on that the Tydings Committee:<ref name=statehistoricalsociety/>
 {{cquote|...made the fatal error of subjectively attempting to discredit McCarthy rather than objectively investigating and evaluating his charges.}}
 As the ranking member of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, Hickenlooper proposed an amendment to the Foreign Assistance Act which would slash foreign aid to any country expropriating the privately owned property of American sugar plantations and oil companies.<ref name="The First Hickenlooper"/> The measure was opposed by President [[John F. Kennedy]] over concerns that diplomatic ties to [[Latin America]] would be weakened. The amendment was defeated by a 40–45 Senate vote.<ref>[https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/87-1962/s268 S. 2996. AMEND. BARRING AID TO ANY NATION WHICH EXPORTED TO U.S.S.R. OR NATION DOMINATED BY U.S.S.R. ANY WAR IMPLEMENTS OR ARTICLES OF STRATEGIC SIGNIFICANCE.]. ''GovTrack.us''. Retrieved February 21, 2021.</ref>

@@ Line 95: / Line 95: @@
 {{cquote|I don't hesitate to say on this record that the ones I read I would say almost without exception I would not keep in the State Department}}
-Even Moderate Republican [[Margaret Chase Smith]] of [[Maine]], an enemy of Sen. McCarthy, concurred with Hickenlooper's assessment, adding on that the Tydings Committee:<ref name=statehistoricalsociety/>
+Even [[Margaret Chase Smith]], an enemy of Sen. McCarthy, concurred with Hickenlooper's assessment, adding on that the Tydings Committee:<ref name=statehistoricalsociety/>
 {{cquote|...made the fatal error of subjectively attempting to discredit McCarthy rather than objectively investigating and evaluating his charges.}}

@@ Line 70: / Line 70: @@
 Hickenlooper, being a popular governor, was elected to the Senate in 1944,<ref>[https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=266870 IA US Senate Race - Nov 07, 1944]. ''Our Campaigns''. Retrieved February 21, 2021.</ref> narrowly defeating [[Guy Gillette (politician)|Guy Mark Gillette]] in an election cycle where he was the only Republican who managed to oust a Democrat incumbent.<ref name="The First Hickenlooper"/> He served for a total of four terms, winning re-election in 1950,<ref>[https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=267007 IA US Senate Race - Nov 07, 1950]. ''Our Campaigns''. Retrieved May 23, 2021.</ref> 1956,<ref>[https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=267038 IA US Senate Race - Nov 06, 1956]. ''Our Campaigns''. Retrieved May 23, 2021.</ref> and 1962.<ref>[https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=66065 IA US Senate Race - Nov 06, 1962]. ''Our Campaigns''. Retrieved May 23, 2021.</ref>
-Although previously an [[isolationist]], Hickenlooper generally sided with the [[internationalist]] wing of the GOP in the Senate, stating:<ref>Schapsmeier, Edward L.; Schapsmeier, Frederick H. [https://ir.uiowa.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=9018&context=annals-of-iowa A Strong Voice for Keeping America Strong]. ''State Historical Society of Iowa''. Retrieved August 12, 2021.</ref>
+Although previously an [[isolationist]], Hickenlooper generally sided with the [[internationalist]] wing of the GOP in the Senate, stating:<ref name=statehistoricalsociety>Schapsmeier, Edward L.; Schapsmeier, Frederick H. [https://ir.uiowa.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=9018&context=annals-of-iowa A Strong Voice for Keeping America Strong]. ''State Historical Society of Iowa''. Retrieved August 12, 2021.</ref>
 {{cquote|I believe we must take our properand enlarged part in international matters}}
@@ Line 92: / Line 92: @@
 ===Foreign policy===
 [[File:Bourke B. Hickenlooper Senate portrait.jpg|thumb|right|180px|Senate portrait of Hickenlooper.]]
-While strongly conservative, Hickenlooper sided with [[internationalism|internationalists]] on many foreign policy matters, supporting the [[United Nations]] and backing foreign aid in 1947. He also supported the [[Marshall Plan]] as well as the establishment of [[NATO]]. However, he was much more staunchly anti-communist than many moderates, having been referred to as a "[[Cold War]] warrior". Along with [[Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr.]], Hickenlooper refused to sign the [[Tydings Committee]] report which cleared the [[State Department]] of wrongdoing.
+While strongly conservative, Hickenlooper sided with [[internationalism|internationalists]] on many foreign policy matters, supporting the [[United Nations]] and backing foreign aid in 1947. He also supported the [[Marshall Plan]] as well as the establishment of [[NATO]]. However, he was much more staunchly anti-communist than many moderates, having been referred to as a "[[Cold War]] warrior". Along with [[Moderate Republican]] [[Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr.]], Hickenlooper refused to sign the [[Tydings Committee]] report which cleared the [[State Department]] of wrongdoing.<ref name=statehistoricalsociety/>
 Hickenlooper backed General [[Douglas MacArthur]] in the latter's dispute with President [[Harry Truman]] at the time of the [[Korean War]].<ref name="The First Hickenlooper"/>

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 ==U.S. Senate==
 Hickenlooper, being a popular governor, was elected to the Senate in 1944,<ref>[https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=266870 IA US Senate Race - Nov 07, 1944]. ''Our Campaigns''. Retrieved February 21, 2021.</ref> narrowly defeating [[Guy Gillette (politician)|Guy Mark Gillette]] in an election cycle where he was the only Republican who managed to oust a Democrat incumbent.<ref name="The First Hickenlooper"/> He served for a total of four terms, winning re-election in 1950,<ref>[https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=267007 IA US Senate Race - Nov 07, 1950]. ''Our Campaigns''. Retrieved May 23, 2021.</ref> 1956,<ref>[https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=267038 IA US Senate Race - Nov 06, 1956]. ''Our Campaigns''. Retrieved May 23, 2021.</ref> and 1962.<ref>[https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=66065 IA US Senate Race - Nov 06, 1962]. ''Our Campaigns''. Retrieved May 23, 2021.</ref>
 He backed [[Dwight Eisenhower]] in the [[United States presidential election, 1952|1952 presidential election]] and supported the [[free market]] reforms the Eisenhower Administration pushed on agriculture.<ref name="The First Hickenlooper"/> During the presidency of [[Lyndon Johnson]], Hickenlooper opposed the liberal [[Great Society]] programs.<ref name="The First Hickenlooper"/> This included his votes against [[Medicare]] and the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964.<ref>[https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/88-1964/s452 S. 2642. PASSAGE.]. ''GovTrack.us''. Retrieved May 27, 2021.</ref>