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Conservapedia - User contributions [en]
2024-03-28T16:50:07Z
User contributions
MediaWiki 1.24.2
https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Bible_apologetics_website_resources&diff=1609485
Bible apologetics website resources
2019-12-31T07:47:59Z
<p>Korvex: </p>
<hr />
<div>Below are some [[Christian apologetics]] website material which focus on defending the authority/reliability of the [[Bible]]. <br />
<br />
== Historical and legal apologetics related to the Bible ==<br />
<br />
'''Historical apologetics:''' <br />
<br />
*[http://www.michaelhorner.com/articles/resurrection/index.html Did Jesus Really Rise from the Dead?] by Michael Horner<br />
*[http://www.garyhabermas.com/articles/articles.htm Journal articles of Dr. Gary Habermas]<br />
*[http://www.garyhabermas.com/audio/audio.htm Audio Debates and Lectures by Dr. Gary R. Habermas]<br />
*[http://www.leaderu.com/orgs/probe/docs/bib-docu.html Are the Biblical Documents Reliable?]<br />
*[http://www.tektonics.org/lp/nowayjose.html The Impossible faith] by [[JP Holding]]<br />
*[https://faithfulphilosophy.wordpress.com/ Faithful Philosophy]<br />
<br />
'''Christian legal apologetics:'''<br />
<br />
*[[Christian legal apologetics]]<br />
<br />
== Bible archaeology ==<br />
*[http://www.christiananswers.net/archaeology/ Bible archaeology]<br />
*[http://www.allaboutthejourney.org/saint-luke.htm St. Luke, archaeology, Book of Acts]<br />
*[http://www.inplainsite.org/html/acts_and_archaeology.html Archaeology and the Book of Acts]<br />
*[http://faculty.gordon.edu/hu/bi/Ted_Hildebrandt/NTeSources/NTArticles/CTR-NT/McRay-ArchaeologyActs-CTR.pdf Archaeology and the Book of Acts] - Gordon College<br />
*[http://www.ucg.ca/booklets/BA2/paultravels.asp Book of Acts - Paul's travels]<br />
* [https://www.probe.org/archaeology-and-the-old-testament/ Archaeology and the Old Testament] by Patrick Zukeran <br />
* [https://www.probe.org/the-archaeological-evidence-for-the-bible-is-non-existent/ The Archaeological Evidence for the Bible is Non-Existent!] A reply from James F. Williams<br />
<br />
'''Bible archaeology and dating:'''<br />
<br />
* [http://www.apologeticspress.org/articles/2020 Dating in Archaeology: Challenges to Biblical Credibility] by Garry K. Brantley, M.A., M.Div.<br />
== Bible prophecy articles and websites ==<br />
<br />
'''Analysis of Bible prophecy from Christian scholars/apologists'''<br />
<br />
*[http://sciencespeaks.dstoner.net/Prophetic_Accuracy.html#c8 Science speaks - Prophetic accuracy] by Dr. Peter Stoner<br />
*[http://www.drjbloom.com/public%20files/PubTheoData.pdf Public Theology and Prophecy Data - Factual Evidence that Counts for a Worldview] by Dr. John Bloom, Robert C. Newman, and Hugh G. Gouch, Jr.<br />
*[http://www.ankerberg.com/Articles/ATRJ/proof/ATRJ1103PDF/ATRJ1103-16.pdf The Case for Jesus the Messiah — Incredible Prophecies that Prove God Exist] by Dr. John Ankerberg, Dr. John Weldon and Dr. Walter Kaiser Jr.<br />
*[http://www.johnankerberg.com/Articles/_PDFArchives/apologetics/AP1W1299.pdf The Case for Jesus the Messiah — Incredible Prophecies that Prove God Exist - Part Two] by Dr. John Ankerberg, Dr. John Weldon and Dr. Walter Kaiser Jr.<br />
*[http://www.aboutbibleprophecy.com/ AboutBibleprophecy]<br />
*[http://www.allaboutthejourney.org/prophecy-about-jesus.htm Prophecy about Jesus]<br />
*[http://www.biblearchaeology.org/post/2009/12/07/ezekiel-261-14-a-proof-text-for-inerrancy-or-fallibility-of-the-old-testament.aspx#Article Defense of city of Tyre prophecy]<br />
<br />
'''Rebuttal to atheist Steven Carr concerning Bible prophecy:'''<br />
<br />
*[http://www.tektonics.org/af/carrs01.html Steven Carr's The Jury Is In Chapter 11: Rebuttal] by [[JP Holding]]<br />
<br />
== Biblical inerrancy resources ==<br />
<br />
* [http://www.tektonics.org Tekton Apologetics Ministries]<br />
* [http://www.christian-thinktank.com Christian Thinktank]<br />
* [http://www.inerrancy.org/ Inerrancy.org]<br />
* [http://www.christianthinktank.com/ A Christian Thinktank]<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<br />
*[[Christian apologetics websites]]<br />
<br />
*[[Atheism and the Bible]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Bible]]<br />
[[Category:Christian Apologetics]]</div>
Korvex
https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Biblical_archaeology&diff=1609484
Biblical archaeology
2019-12-31T07:45:38Z
<p>Korvex: typo</p>
<hr />
<div>'''Biblical Archaeology''' is a branch of [[archaeology]], which studies the places and peoples mentioned in the [[Bible]] by means of [[artifact]]s, texts, etc.<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
*[[Christian apologetics]]<br />
*[[Literalist Bible chronology]]<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
<br />
*[https://faithfulphilosophy.wordpress.com/academic-rise/ Discoveries verifying the Bible from 1990 to the present]<br />
*[http://www.christiananswers.net/archaeology/ Bible archaeology]<br />
*[http://www.gnmagazine.org/issues/gn30/archaeologychurch.htm The Bible & Archaeology: The Book of Acts: The Church Begins]<br />
*[http://www.allaboutthejourney.org/saint-luke.htm St. Luke, archaeology, Book of Acts]<br />
*[http://www.inplainsite.org/html/acts_and_archaeology.html Archaeology and the Book of Acts]<br />
*[http://faculty.gordon.edu/hu/bi/Ted_Hildebrandt/NTeSources/NTArticles/CTR-NT/McRay-ArchaeologyActs-CTR.pdf Archaeology and the Book of Acts] - Gordon College<br />
*[http://www.ucg.ca/booklets/BA2/paultravels.asp Book of Acts - Paul's travels]<br />
*[http://abr.christiananswers.net/articles/contents.html Bible and Spade articles]<br />
* [http://www.probe.org/content/view/31/77/ Archaeology and the Old Testament] by Patrick Zukeran <br />
* [http://www.probe.org/site/c.fdKEIMNsEoG/b.4219999/k.A54E/The_Archaeological_Evidence_for_the_Bible_is_NonExistent.htm The Archaeological Evidence for the Bible is Non-Existent!] A reply from James F. Williams<br />
<br />
'''Bible archaeology and dating:'''<br />
<br />
* [http://www.apologeticspress.org/articles/2020 Dating in Archaeology: Challenges to Biblical Credibility] by Garry K. Brantley, M.A., M.Div.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Archaeology]]<br />
[[Category:Bible]]</div>
Korvex
https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Biblical_archaeology&diff=1609483
Biblical archaeology
2019-12-31T07:44:57Z
<p>Korvex: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Biblical Archaeology''' is a branch of [[archaeology]], which studies the places and peoples mentioned in the [[Bible]] by means of [[artifact]]s, texts, etc.<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
*[[Christian apologetics]]<br />
*[[Literalist Bible chronology]]<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
<br />
*[https://faithfulphilosophy.wordpress.com/academic-rise/ Discoveries verifying the Bible from 1990 to the presence]<br />
*[http://www.christiananswers.net/archaeology/ Bible archaeology]<br />
*[http://www.gnmagazine.org/issues/gn30/archaeologychurch.htm The Bible & Archaeology: The Book of Acts: The Church Begins]<br />
*[http://www.allaboutthejourney.org/saint-luke.htm St. Luke, archaeology, Book of Acts]<br />
*[http://www.inplainsite.org/html/acts_and_archaeology.html Archaeology and the Book of Acts]<br />
*[http://faculty.gordon.edu/hu/bi/Ted_Hildebrandt/NTeSources/NTArticles/CTR-NT/McRay-ArchaeologyActs-CTR.pdf Archaeology and the Book of Acts] - Gordon College<br />
*[http://www.ucg.ca/booklets/BA2/paultravels.asp Book of Acts - Paul's travels]<br />
*[http://abr.christiananswers.net/articles/contents.html Bible and Spade articles]<br />
* [http://www.probe.org/content/view/31/77/ Archaeology and the Old Testament] by Patrick Zukeran <br />
* [http://www.probe.org/site/c.fdKEIMNsEoG/b.4219999/k.A54E/The_Archaeological_Evidence_for_the_Bible_is_NonExistent.htm The Archaeological Evidence for the Bible is Non-Existent!] A reply from James F. Williams<br />
<br />
'''Bible archaeology and dating:'''<br />
<br />
* [http://www.apologeticspress.org/articles/2020 Dating in Archaeology: Challenges to Biblical Credibility] by Garry K. Brantley, M.A., M.Div.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Archaeology]]<br />
[[Category:Bible]]</div>
Korvex
https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Prophecy_(biblical_book)&diff=1457734
Prophecy (biblical book)
2018-10-02T01:35:47Z
<p>Korvex: update</p>
<hr />
<div>'''Prophecy''' is a genre of two biblical books in the [[Bible]], one in the [[Old Testament]] and [[New Testament]], namely [[Book of Revelation|Revelation]] and [[Book of Daniel|Daniel]].<br />
<br />
{{New Testament Books}}</div>
Korvex
https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Magdala&diff=1389679
Magdala
2017-12-01T01:13:41Z
<p>Korvex: /* History */</p>
<hr />
<div>[[File:MAGDALA AERIAL.JPG|thumb|right|Aerial image of Magdala at the coast of the [[Sea of Galilee]]]]<br />
'''Magdala''' (or ''Magadan'', Greek: Μαγδαλά, meaning 'place where fish are salted')<ref>[http://biblehub.com/greek/3093.htm 3093. Magadan, Strong's Dictionary]</ref> was an ancient city located between [[Tiberias]] and [[Capernaum]], and is mentioned in the [[New Testament]], most well-known for being the hometown of [[Mary Magdalene]], the women whom Jesus cast seven demons out of. Magdala is explicitly mentioned only once in the [[Gospels]], in Matthew 15:39. Jesus was said to have entered into the vicinity of Magdala after the feeding of the 5,000. The city of Magdala can also be known by its Greek name, ''Taricheae''. The ancient city of Magdala is spoken of by early historians such as [[Flavius Josephus]], [[Cicero]], [[Suetonius]] and [[Strabo]]. According to Josephus, the population of Magdala was about 40,000.<ref>[http://www.seetheholyland.net/magdala/ See the Holy Land, Magdala]</ref><br />
<br />
== Bible == <br />
Magdala is only once explicitly mentioned in the [[New Testament]], in Matthew 15:39, and is mentioned several times as the region where [[Mary Magdalene]] was from.<br />
<br />
'''Matthew 15:39''': After dismissing the crowds, He got into the boat and went to the region of Magdala.<br />
<br />
== Archaeology ==<br />
Magdala (located near present-day Migdal) is on the Western coastline of the [[Sea of Galilee]] and at the eastern foothills of Mount Arbel. The excavations at Magdala have uncovered a large marketplace with 28 shops, about 300 fishing weights, 40 pools, over ancient 4,000 coins, the majority minted within the walls of [[Jerusalem]], and a harbor. These findings indicate that Magdala was a major economic site in its time, engaged in widespread and large-scale commercial interactions and trade with other ancient cities, from [[Caesarea Maritima]] and as far as the borders of [[Europe]].<br />
<br />
== Economy ==<br />
<br />
The Greek name for Magdala is Taricheae (meaning ''salted fish''), because salted fish "became the city’s international 'brand,' since pickled fish was sold to Rome."<ref>[http://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/biblical-sites-places/biblical-archaeology-places/the-fishy-secret-to-ancient-magdalas-economic-growth/#note01r BAR - The Fishy Secret To Ancient Magdala's Economic Growth]</ref> Indeed, Magdala's geographic location being situated beside the Sea of Galilee lead to fish becoming the primary economic venue of Magdala, a commodity that was coveted from this ancient site from many of its neighbors and trading partners. The ancient historian [[Strabo]] wrote "At the place called Taricheæ, the lake supplies the best fish for curing."<ref>Strabo,<br />
''Geography XVI.2.45''</ref> The Magdala Archaeological Project has also uncovered a 700-meter port in Magdala, capable of accommodating for several boats for their fisheries. Fish however, was not the only industry of the ancient town, as Ruth Jackson, a specialist in ancient glass and an adviser to the Magdala Archaeological Project, found in Magdala evidence that glass production was present at the site. Evidence of glass manufacturing has been found, such as glass waste, glass sticks, and over 1,800 pieces of glass materials.<br />
<br />
== History ==<br />
<br />
Between 60-40 BC, as Magdala's economy started to expand through increasing fish trade with the Romans, Magdala transitioned from a small village into a prosperous city, known for both its fish salting and boat-building.<ref>[http://www.magdala.org/about/the-story/timeline/ Magdala - Timeline]</ref> It remained the largest urban center in the western coast of the [[Sea of Galilee]] until the establishment of the ancient city of [[Tiberias]] in 19 AD.<ref>[http://www.magdala.org/about/the-story/timeline/ Magdala - History]</ref> According to the Jewish historian Josephus, Magdala approached forty thousand inhabitants towards the middle of the first century AD. Magdala's fortunes would not last however, as it also become an important site for Jewish rebels during the [[Great Jewish Revolt]] of 66-73 AD. Eventually, Roman forces led by [[Vespasian]] laid siege to the city, captured it, and slaughtered many of its inhabitants. The Jewish historian Josephus narrates the siege and slaughter of the city of Magdala;<br />
<br />
:''As soon as ever Titus had said this, he leaped upon his horse, and rode apace down to the lake; by which lake he marched, and entered into the city the first of them all, as did the others soon after him. Hereupon those that were upon the walls were seized with a terror at the boldness of the attempt, nor durst any one venture to fight with him, or to hinder him; so they left guarding the city, and some of those that were about Jesus fled over the country, while others of them ran down to the lake, and met the enemy in the teeth, and some were slain as they were getting up into the ships, but others of them, as they attempted to overtake those that were already gone aboard. There was also a great slaughter made in the city, while those foreigners that had not fled away already made opposition; but the natural inhabitants were killed without fighting; for in hopes of Titus’s giving them his right hand for their security, and out of a consciousness that they had not given any consent to the war, they avoided fighting, till Titus had slain the authors of this revolt, and then put a stop to any farther slaughters, out of commiseration of these inhabitants of the place. But for those that had fled to the lake, upon seeing the city taken, they sailed as far as they possibly could from the enemy.''<ref>Flavius Josephus,<br />
''Jewish War 3.10.5''</ref><br />
<br />
The city of Magdala remained until the fourth century AD, when the earthquake of 363 ruined Magdala and many other regional settlements of the time.<br />
<br />
Magdala has been the subject of numerous important archaeological discoveries, including a first-century Jewish synagogue, as well as the finding of the [[Magdala Stone]], considered by many to be one of the most important single archaeological findings in the last 50 years.<ref>Dospěl,<br />
Marek. [http://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/biblical-sites-places/biblical-archaeology-sites/discoveries-in-mary-magdalenes-hometown/ Discoveries in Mary Magdalene's Hometown]</ref> Magdala was well-known for being the home of not only [[Mary Magdalene]], but the ancient Jewish historian [[Flavius Josephus]].<ref>Visser, Yochanan.[http://www.westernjournalism.com/new-archaeological-discoveries-at-mary-magdalenes-birthplace-give-more-insight-in-roots-of-christianity/ ‘Below The Surface For 2000 Years’]</ref><br />
<br />
== See Also ==<br />
<br />
*[[Magdala Stone]]<br />
*[[Mary Magdalene]]<br />
<br />
== External Links ==<br />
*[http://www.magdala.org/ Magdala Official Website]<br />
*[http://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/biblical-sites-places/biblical-archaeology-sites/discoveries-in-mary-magdalenes-hometown/ Discoveries in Mary Magdalene’s Hometown]<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Biblical Places]]<br />
<br />
{{Bible Cities}}</div>
Korvex
https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=User:Korvex&diff=1385475
User:Korvex
2017-11-05T21:54:01Z
<p>Korvex: /* test */</p>
<hr />
<div>Love the Bible! I'm from Syria.<br />
<br />
{{User Christian2|right}}<br />
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I have made significant contributions to the following pages.<br />
<br />
'''People:'''<br />
<br />
:[[William F. Albright]] • [[James K. Hoffmeier]] • [[Kenneth Kitchen]] • [[Evelyn de Rothschild]] • [[Erez Ben-Yosef]] • [[Yosef Garfinkel]] • [[Amihai Mazar]] • [[Manfred Bietak]] • [[Benjamin J. Noonan]] • [[Alvin Plantinga]] • [[Avraham Biran]] • [[Alan Millard]] • [[Richard Hess]] • [[Steven Collins]] • [[Aren Maeir]] • [[Robert Mullins]] • [[William J. Fulco]] • [[Richard Bauckham]]<br />
(18)<br />
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'''Bible:'''<br />
<br />
:[[Book of Exodus]] • [[Book of Amos]] • [[Book of Joshua]] • [[Book of Joel]] • [[Book of Habakkuk]] <br />
(5)<br />
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'''History:'''<br />
:[[Exodus of Israel]] • [[King David]] • [[Shaaraim]] • [[Khirbet Qeiyafa]] • [[Gorgo of Sparta]] • [[Hyksos]] • [[Ai]] • [[Khirbet el-Maqatir]] • [[Magdala]] • [[Magdala Stone]] • [[Amphipolis]] • [[Tekoa]] • [[Bozkath]] • [[Rhegium]] • [[Beeroth]] • [[Sodom]] • [[Ziklag]] • [[Aroer]] • [[Antipatris]] • [[Brasidas]] • [[Ezion-geber]] • [[Thessalonica]] • [[Lucian of Samosata]] • [[Appii Forum]] • [[Zorah]] • [[Elath]]<br />
(26)<br />
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'''Other:'''<br />
:[[Hebrew University of Jerusalem]] • [[Templeton Prize]] • [[Sea of Galilee]] • [[Nation state]]<br />
(4)<br />
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These are pages that I have created but not put much effort in:<br />
<br />
:[[Classics]] • [[David and Goliath]] • [[Epistle to Titus]] • [[I Peter]] • [[I John]] • [[II John]] • [[Book of Hosea]] • [[Book of Obadiah]] • [[Book of Haggai]] • [[Book of Zechariah]] • [[Book of Malachi]] • [[EMET Prize]] • [[Israel Prize]] • [[WOLF Prize]]• [[Hebrew Union College]] • [[Wisdom Literature]] • [[History (biblical books)]] • [[Enoch (city)]] • [[Epistles (biblical books)]] • [[Prophecy (biblical book)]]<br />
(20)<br />
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I made and am currently working on this template:<br />
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[[Template:Bible Cities]]<br />
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Personal tasks: create [[Tall el-Hammam]], [[et-Tell]], [[Leen Ritmeyer]], work on [[Gath]]<br />
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My mission on Conservapedia is to produce a highly in-depth archaeological and historical analysis and discussion on the Bible. Therefore, the pages I create and work on, such as those on people, ancient locations, and biblical books, are primarily done to provide a foundation for the historical research on the biblical texts for Conservapedia to stand on.<br />
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I am a sinner and thus I decided to become Christian and ask Jesus Christ to forgive me of my sins.<br />
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== test ==<br />
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<div style="font-size:161%; border:none; margin:0; padding:.1em;">Welcome to [[Conservapedia]],</div><br />
<div style="top:+0.2em; font-size:94%;">a beneficial [[encyclopedia]] that anyone can participate in.</div><br />
<div id="articlecount" style="font-size:86%;">[[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]] articles in [[English language|English]]</div><br />
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* [[Magdala]]<br />
* [[Khirbet Qeiyafa]]<br />
* [[Manfred Bietak]]<br />
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* [[Book of Exodus]]<br />
* [[New Testament]]<br />
* [[Chess]]<br />
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* [[Periodic Table]]<br />
* [[Family]]<br />
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For an article of mine published to ancient.eu, see:<br />
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http://www.ancient.eu/Book_of_Amos/</div>
Korvex
https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Richard_Bauckham&diff=1385467
Richard Bauckham
2017-11-05T20:15:05Z
<p>Korvex: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Richard Bauckham'''<ref>[http://www.richardbauckham.co.uk/ Richard Bauckham Official Website]</ref> (born 22 September 1946, [[London]]) is one of the worlds leading New Testament and was a Professor of New Testament studies and Bishop Wardlaw Professor at the [[University of St Andrews]] until 2007, when he left and became Professor Emeritus in order to focus on research and writing. Bauckham is most well known for his works on Christology, the reliability of the Gospels, and his work on the Gospel of John in particular. Bauckham currently lives in Cambridge, although he continues to frequently visit [[St Andrews]].<br />
<br />
In 2006, Bauckham published his major volume ''Jesus and the Eyewitnesses'', which has been described as the "most important book for understanding the issues of eyewitnesses in the Gospels"<ref>Book Review, ''Jesus and the Eyewitnesses'', Daniel Waldschmidt</ref> and "a major advance in Gospel criticism and historical investigation into Jesus and Christian origins."<ref>Evans, Craig A. "The Implications of Eyewitness Tradition." Journal for the Study of the New Testament 31.2 (2008): 211-219.</ref> In 2017, Bauckham published a second volume of this work.<br />
<br />
== Education ==<br />
<br />
Richard Bauckham first studied history at [[Clare College]] in [[Cambridge]], where he received a B.A. Honors Degree and then a Ph.D.<ref>[http://www.richardbauckham.co.uk/index.php?page=short-cv Richard Bauckham Short CV]</ref><br />
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== Career ==<br />
<br />
Richard Bauckham was first a fellow at [[St Johns College]] for 3 years, and then taught theology at the [[University of Leeds]] for a year. Bauckham then moved on to the [[University of Manchester]], where he would teach historical and contemporary theology for another 15 years, until 1992, when he moved to [[St Andrews]]. At St Andrews, he started teaching at the [[University of St Andrews]] for another 15 years, where he became a Professor of New Testament Studies and Bishop Wardlaw Professor, and established his career as one of the leading theologians and historians in the field. In 2007, he became a Professor Emeritus at the University of St Andrews, where he left in order to focus on writing and research. Bauckham was also a Visiting Professor at [[St Mellitus College]], [[London]].<br />
<br />
Between 1996-2002, Bauckham was the General Editor for the Society for New Testament Studies Monograph Series. In 2008, Bauckham won the Burkitt Medal for his contributions to biblical studies, and in 2009, Bauckham won and received the Michael Ramsey prize for his book ''Jesus and the Eyewitnesses''. Then, in 2010, he won the Franz-Delitzsch-Award for a volume of his collected essays, ''The Jewish World around the New Testament''. Bauckham is also a fellow at both the British Academy and the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Bauckham has traveled around widely and given lectures abroad, and now lives in [[Cambridge]].<br />
<br />
== Major Publications ==<br />
<br />
Richard Bauckham has written many highly influential monographs, volumes and papers, including some of the following;<br />
<br />
*''Jesus and the eyewitnesses''<br />
*''The theology of the Book of Revelation''<br />
*''Climax of Prophecy: Studies on the Book of Revelation''<br />
*''God Crucified''<br />
*''Theology of Jürgen Moltmann''<br />
*''Jude, 2 Peter''<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bauckham, Richard}}<br />
[[Category:Professors]]</div>
Korvex
https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Richard_Bauckham&diff=1385466
Richard Bauckham
2017-11-05T20:14:38Z
<p>Korvex: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Richard Bauckham'''<ref>[http://www.richardbauckham.co.uk/ Richard Bauckham Official Website]</ref> (born 22 September 1946, [[London]]) is one of the worlds leading New Testament and was a Professor of New Testament studies and Bishop Wardlaw Professor at the [[University of St Andrews]] until 2007, when he left and became Professor Emeritus in order to focus on research and writing. Bauckham is most well known for his works on Christology, the reliability of the Gospels, and his work on the Gospel of John in particular. Bauckham currently lives in Cambridge, although he continues to frequently visit [[St Andrews]].<br />
<br />
In 2006, Bauckham published his major volume ''Jesus and the Eyewitnesses'', which has been described as the "most important book for understanding the issues of eyewitnesses in the Gospels"<ref>Book Review, ''Jesus and the Eyewitnesses'', Daniel Waldschmidt</ref> and "a major advance in Gospel criticism and historical investigation into Jesus and Christian origins."<ref>Evans, Craig A. "The Implications of Eyewitness Tradition." Journal for the Study of the New Testament 31.2 (2008): 211-219.</ref> In 2017, Bauckham published a second volume of this book where he added three more exhaustive chapters dealing with some of the responses and criticism that others have attempted to enumerate against his work.<br />
<br />
== Education ==<br />
<br />
Richard Bauckham first studied history at [[Clare College]] in [[Cambridge]], where he received a B.A. Honors Degree and then a Ph.D.<ref>[http://www.richardbauckham.co.uk/index.php?page=short-cv Richard Bauckham Short CV]</ref><br />
<br />
== Career ==<br />
<br />
Richard Bauckham was first a fellow at [[St Johns College]] for 3 years, and then taught theology at the [[University of Leeds]] for a year. Bauckham then moved on to the [[University of Manchester]], where he would teach historical and contemporary theology for another 15 years, until 1992, when he moved to [[St Andrews]]. At St Andrews, he started teaching at the [[University of St Andrews]] for another 15 years, where he became a Professor of New Testament Studies and Bishop Wardlaw Professor, and established his career as one of the leading theologians and historians in the field. In 2007, he became a Professor Emeritus at the University of St Andrews, where he left in order to focus on writing and research. Bauckham was also a Visiting Professor at [[St Mellitus College]], [[London]].<br />
<br />
Between 1996-2002, Bauckham was the General Editor for the Society for New Testament Studies Monograph Series. In 2008, Bauckham won the Burkitt Medal for his contributions to biblical studies, and in 2009, Bauckham won and received the Michael Ramsey prize for his book ''Jesus and the Eyewitnesses''. Then, in 2010, he won the Franz-Delitzsch-Award for a volume of his collected essays, ''The Jewish World around the New Testament''. Bauckham is also a fellow at both the British Academy and the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Bauckham has traveled around widely and given lectures abroad, and now lives in [[Cambridge]].<br />
<br />
== Major Publications ==<br />
<br />
Richard Bauckham has written many highly influential monographs, volumes and papers, including some of the following;<br />
<br />
*''Jesus and the eyewitnesses''<br />
*''The theology of the Book of Revelation''<br />
*''Climax of Prophecy: Studies on the Book of Revelation''<br />
*''God Crucified''<br />
*''Theology of Jürgen Moltmann''<br />
*''Jude, 2 Peter''<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bauckham, Richard}}<br />
[[Category:Professors]]</div>
Korvex
https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Book_of_Exodus&diff=1377929
Book of Exodus
2017-09-30T14:42:31Z
<p>Korvex: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Exodus''' [Hebrew: '''שמות'''] means ''a going out; a departure or emigration, usually of a large number of people.''<ref>"Exodus." ''Dictionary.com''</ref> The Book of Exodus chronicles the bondage, oppression and [[slavery]] of the [[Israel|Israelite's]] in [[Egypt]] after [[Joseph]] dies and a new pharaoh arises to power whom did not know Joseph before. [[Moses]], whom God uses to guide the Israelites out of Israel, returns Egypt from [[Midian]] to warn pharaoh to let his people go, but pharaoh refuses. God therefore releases ten plagues over the Egypt and the Egyptians, and after the death of pharaohs son, pharaoh finally allows the Israelite's to leave Egypt under Moses. As Moses and his people are leaving, pharaoh changes his mind and commands that the Israelite's be pursued with the army of Egypt, however God opens up the [[Red Sea]] for Moses, allowing the Israelite's to flee, and pharaohs army is destroyed in the Red Sea after the Israelite's escape from it. Moses then delivers God's laws to the Israelite's, including the [[Ten Commandments]], as well as giving them the [[Tabernacle]], priest and worship instructions.<br />
<br />
== Overview == <br />
<br />
The Book of Exodus contains a total of forty chapters. There is no agreement regarding how the Book of Exodus should be split into its different narratives, although the following can be considered: Exodus 1:1-7:6 (The bondage of Israelite's in Egypt and God guiding Moses on his path to free the slaves), Exodus 7:7-12:36 (Ten Plagues and pharaoh allowing Israelite's to leave Egypt), Exodus 12:37-14:30 (Israelite's flee Egypt and escape pharah's army at the red sea), Exodus 15:1-21 (Songs), Exodus 15:22-19:25 (Israelite's live and eat in the wilderness), Exodus 20:1-17 (God delivers the Ten Commandments), Exodus 20:18-24:8 (Israel receives and affirms the covenant), Exodus 24:9-18 (Moses talks with God on Mount Sinai), Exodus 25-40 (Israel receives the [[Tabernacle]], priest and worship instructions). Exodus 1-18 encompasses the Israelite's leaving Egypt, and Exodus 19-40 entirely takes place at Mount Sinai.<br />
<br />
== Authorship == <br />
<br />
[[Moses]] is attributed as the author of the [[Torah]] in the Book of Exodus itself in Exodus 17:14, 24:4, 34:27-28, as well as in throughout the rest of the [[Torah]] in Numbers 32:2; Deuteronomy 1:1, 31:9, 31:22. D.K. Stuart, a well respected Old Testament scholar and author of a major commentary on the Book of Exodus states "These references to Mosaic authorship are substantial."<ref>Stuart, Douglas K. Exodus. Vol. 2. B&H Publishing Group, 2006, pp. 32-33</ref> The rest of the Old Testament also attests to Mosaic authorship over the Torah in Joshua 1:7, 8:32, 12:5; 1 Kings 2:3; 2 Kings 14:6, 23:25; Malachi 3:22; Daniel 9:11, 9:13; Ezra 3:2, 7:6; Nehemiah 8:1, 9:14; 2 Chronicles 23:18, 25:4, 30:16, 35:12, as well as the [[New Testament]] in Luke 2:22, 24:44; John 7:19; Acts 13:39, 15:5, 28:23; 1 Corinthians 9:9. Later Jewish historians, such as [[Josephus]] living in the first century AD further attribute Mosaic authorship to the Torah.<ref>Josephus, Flavius. The Works of Flavius Josephus. G. Routledge, 1873, p. 27</ref> The biblical references to the authorship of Moses over the Torah, both within and outside of the Torah are rather plenteous and more than enough to establish Moses as the historical author of these books.<br />
<br />
== Dating == <br />
<br />
The Book of Exodus was likely penned towards the end of the 15th century BC, especially if [[Moses]] is the author. The traditional scholarly hypothesis of the [[Documentary Hypothesis]] proposes that the books of the [[Torah]] were written around the middle of the first millennium BC. The Documentary Hypothesis dominated much of the scholarship of the early to mid-20th century, however the Documentary Hypothesis has received significant challenge over the last few decades and the consensus on it has entirely collapsed.<ref>Kikawada, Isaac M., and Arthur Quinn. Before Abraham was: the unity of Genesis 1-11. Abingdon Press, 1985.</ref><ref>Cassuto, Umberto. The Documentary Hypothesis: And the Composition of the Pentateuch. Shalem Press, 2005.</ref><ref>Archer, Gleason Leonard. Encyclopedia of Bible difficulties. Zondervan Publishing House, 1982.</ref> To a certain degree, most of the modern documentarians themselves have even abandoned a number of fundamental tenants of the documentary hypothesis, with many documentarians no longer acknowledging the existence of J and E, and thus it is no longer a viable option for consideration regarding the date for the composition of any books of the Torah, including the Book of Exodus. Evidence for the dating of the Book of Exodus comes from internal clues in the book itself. The Old Testament scholar [[Richard Hess]] states "Although many of these names remained in use later as well, some of them, such as Pinḥas, show an explicit connection with Egyptian personal names at the period in question, and a few, including Ḥevron (Exodus 6:18) and Puah (Exodus 1:15), are attested as personal names only in the mid-second millennium (that is, the 18th to the 13th centuries BCE). The use of other Egyptian words found in the early chapters of Exodus but nowhere else in the Bible similarly supports the view of a connection with Egypt in the same period. Such pieces of incidental information, which would not have been known to a later scribe, point to an antiquity and authenticity in the Exodus account that is difficult to explain otherwise."<ref>[https://mosaicmagazine.com/response/2015/03/how-to-judge-evidence-for-the-exodus/ How to Judge Evidence for the Exodus]</ref> The usage of names strictly used in Egypt between the 18th-13th centuries BC limit the composition of the book to this narrow time frame, because as Hess acknowledges, later scribes would simply not know these ancient Egyptian names that would have entered extinction by the end of the second millennium BC.<br />
<br />
== Main Events == <br />
<br />
The Book of Exodus contains many largely important events, including the [[Exodus of Israel]] out of Egypt, and where God delivers the [[Ten Commandments]]. Many of these important messages are reiterated throughout the rest of the [[Old Testament]] as well as the [[New Testament]], even by [[Jesus Christ]] Himself.<br />
<br />
=== God's Name ===<br />
<br />
In Exodus 3, Moses is shepherding his flocks when God appears to him in a burning bush. Moses at first does not know why a bush is in flames, and why it is not burning up but continuing to flame, and then God says "Moses, Moses!", causing Moses to understand the situation that he is speaking to God. God tells Moses to take off his sandals, for he is standing on holy ground, and Moses follows God's command. God then says to Moses "I am the God of your father, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob." God continues to tell Moses that He has seen His people being afflicted by the Egyptians and that He will bring Moses to bring His people out of Egypt. Moses is afraid and asks God how he can do such a thing, as he considers himself insignificant. God reassures Moses that he can bring the Israelites out of Egypt by ensuring him that He will be with him. Moses then asks God, if the Israelites ask for His name, what name will he give to them? God then responds in Exodus 3:14, a passage that some consider being the most important verse in the entire Book of Exodus. God says "I AM WHO I AM. This is what you are to say to the Israelites: I AM has sent me to you." God reveals His name as "I AM", originating from the Hebrew word ''hayah'' (הָיָה). Charles Elicott says regarding this divine name, "...it is rather a deep and mysterious statement of His nature. 'I am that which I am.' My nature, i.e., cannot be declared in words, cannot be conceived of by human thought. I exist in such sort that my whole inscrutable nature is implied in my existence..."<ref>Elicott, Charles. Ellicott's Bible Commentary, Volume 1. Delmarva Publications, Inc., 2015.</ref><br />
<br />
God's name 'I AM' has an important appearance in the New Testament text as well.<br />
<br />
John 8:57-59: The Jews replied, “You aren’t 50 years old yet, and You’ve seen Abraham?" Jesus said to them, “I assure you: Before Abraham was, I am.” At that, they picked up stones to throw at Him. But Jesus was hidden and went out of the temple complex.<br />
<br />
Jesus, when questioned by fellow Jews regarding His knowledge of Abraham, He declares "I am", referencing the name of God in Exodus 3:14, and declaring to be God Himself. The Jews, outraged at this, attempted to stone Him for it but were unsuccessful.<br />
<br />
=== Ten Plagues === <br />
: ''Main Page'' [[Egyptian plagues]]<br />
<br />
In the Book of Exodus, God punishes the pharaoh and Egypt with ten furious plagues in order to force him to let the Israelite's go from Egypt, after pharaoh resisted allowing Moses to lead the Israelite's out of Egypt. After the tenth plague, pharaoh finally allows the Israelite's to leave Egypt, also generously giving to them so much that the Israelite's were said to have "plundered the Egyptians" (Exodus 12:36).<br />
<br />
:Plague 1: Nile turns to blood<br />
:Plague 2: Frogs<br />
:Plague 3: Lice<br />
:Plague 4: Flies<br />
:Plague 5: Diseased livestock<br />
:Plague 6: Boils<br />
:Plague 7: Thunderstorm of hail<br />
:Plague 8: Locusts<br />
:Plague 9: Darkness for three days<br />
:Plague 10: Death of the firstborn sons<br />
<br />
Pharaoh resisted God and Moses throughout the entirety of the plagues, until the tenth plague, where the life of pharaohs own firstborn son was taken. This narrative mainly takes place in Exodus 11:1-8;<br />
<br />
''The Lord said to Moses, “I will bring one more plague on Pharaoh and on Egypt. After that, he will let you go from here. When he lets you go, he will drive you out of here. Now announce to the people that both men and women should ask their neighbors for silver and gold jewelry.” The Lord gave the people favor in the sight of the Egyptians. And the man Moses was highly regarded in the land of Egypt by Pharaoh’s officials and the people. So Moses said, “This is what Yahweh says: ‘About midnight I will go throughout Egypt, and every firstborn male in the land of Egypt will die, from the firstborn of Pharaoh who sits on his throne to the firstborn of the servant girl who is behind the millstones, as well as every firstborn of the livestock. Then there will be a great cry of anguish through all the land of Egypt such as never was before, or ever will be again. But against all the Israelites, whether man or beast, not even a dog will snarl, so that you may know that Yahweh makes a distinction between Egypt and Israel. All these officials of yours will come down to me and bow before me, saying: Leave, you and all the people who follow you. After that, I will leave.’” And he left Pharaoh’s presence in fierce anger.''<br />
<br />
=== Exodus ===<br />
: ''Main Page'' [[Exodus of Israel]]<br />
<br />
The Exodus out of Israel was one of the most important events in the entirety of the Torah, perhaps even the entire [[Bible]]. The Exodus begins in Exodus 12:37, where the Book of Exodus says " The Israelite's traveled from Rameses to Succoth, about 600,000 soldiers on foot, besides their families." The exact path of the Israelite's from Egypt into the promised land remains debated amongst scholars, including the very sea that was crossed by the Israelite's. Some believe it is the Red Sea, some the Gulf of Suez and some the Gulf of Aqaba. The exodus began in Exodus 12:37, although the Israelite's never fully enter into the promised land by crossing the [[Jordan]] into the promised land until Joshua 3:17, after the death of [[Moses]]. After the Israelite's left Egypt, they wandered in the wilderness for forty years before entering the promised land (Deuteronomy 29:5; Numbers 32:13). The exodus out of Egypt is backed up by the historical data.<ref>https://faithfulphilosophy.wordpress.com/2016/10/24/historical-evidence-for-the-exodus/</ref><br />
<br />
=== Ten Commandments ===<br />
: ''Main Page'' [[Ten Commandments]]<br />
<br />
In Exodus 20:1-17, [[God]] delivers the Ten Commandments to the Israelite's on Mount Sinai. The following are the Ten Commandments from God.<br />
<br />
:Commandment 1: I am the Lord your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage. '''Exodus 20:2'''<br />
:Commandment 2: You shall have no other gods before Me. You shall not make for yourself a carved image—any likeness of anything that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth; you shall not bow down to them nor serve them. For I, the Lord your God, am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children to the third and fourth generations of those who hate Me, but showing mercy to thousands, to those who love Me and keep My commandments. '''Exodus 20:3-6'''<br />
:Commandment 3: You shall not take the name of the Lord your God in vain, for the Lord will not hold him guiltless who takes His name in vain. '''Exodus 20:7'''<br />
:Commandment 4: Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy. Six days you shall labor and do all your work, but the seventh day is the Sabbath of the Lord your God. In it you shall do no work: you, nor your son, nor your daughter, nor your male servant, nor your female servant, nor your cattle, nor your stranger who is within your gates. For in six days the Lord made the heavens and the earth, the sea, and all that is in them, and rested the seventh day. Therefore the Lord blessed the Sabbath day and hallowed it. '''Exodus 20:8-11'''<br />
:Commandment 5: Honor your father and your mother, that your days may be long upon the land which the Lord your God is giving you. '''Exodus 20:12'''<br />
:Commandment 6: You shall not murder. '''Exodus 20:13'''<br />
:Commandment 7: You shall not commit adultery. '''Exodus 20:14'''<br />
:Commandment 8: You shall not steal. '''Exodus 20:15'''<br />
:Commandment 9: You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor. '''Exodus 20:16'''<br />
:Commandment 10: You shall not covet your neighbor’s house; you shall not covet your neighbor’s wife, nor his male servant, nor his female servant, nor his ox, nor his donkey, nor anything that is your neighbor’s. '''Exodus 20:17'''<br />
<br />
The Ten Commandments have been heavily influential throughout the entirety of the [[Bible]]. When the [[Pharisees]] gathered around Jesus, and a lawyer asked "Teacher, which is the great commandment in the law?" (Matthew 22:36), [[Jesus]] spoke "'You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, with all your soul, and with all your mind.’ This is the first and great commandment. And the second is like it: ‘You shall love your neighbor as yourself.’ On these two commandments hang all the Law and the Prophets.”<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Exodus (Translated)]]<br />
*[[Exodus of Israel]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Old Testament Books}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Old Testament Books| 2]]<br />
[[Category:Exodus]]</div>
Korvex
https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Book_of_Exodus&diff=1377928
Book of Exodus
2017-09-30T14:41:18Z
<p>Korvex: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Exodus''' [Hebrew: '''שמות'''] means ''a going out; a departure or emigration, usually of a large number of people.''<ref>"Exodus." ''Dictionary.com''</ref> The Book of Exodus chronicles the bondage, oppression and [[slavery]] of the [[Israel|Israelite's]] in [[Egypt]] after [[Joseph]] dies and a new pharaoh arises to power whom did not know Joseph before. [[Moses]], whom God uses to guide the Jewish peoples out of Israel, returns Egypt from [[Midian]] to warn pharaoh to let his people go, but pharaoh refuses. God therefore releases ten plagues over the Egypt and the Egyptians, and after the death of pharaohs son, pharaoh finally allows the Jewish people to leave Egypt under Moses. As Moses and his people are leaving, pharaoh changes his mind and commands that the Jewish people be pursued with the army of Egypt, however God opens up the [[Red Sea]] for Moses, allowing the Jewish people to flee, and pharaohs army is destroyed in the Red Sea after the Jewish people escape from it. Moses then delivers God's laws to the Jewish people, including the [[Ten Commandments]], as well as giving them the [[Tabernacle]], priest and worship instructions.<br />
<br />
== Overview == <br />
<br />
The Book of Exodus contains a total of forty chapters. There is no agreement regarding how the Book of Exodus should be split into its different narratives, although the following can be considered: Exodus 1:1-7:6 (The bondage of Israelite's in Egypt and God guiding Moses on his path to free the slaves), Exodus 7:7-12:36 (Ten Plagues and pharaoh allowing Israelite's to leave Egypt), Exodus 12:37-14:30 (Israelite's flee Egypt and escape pharah's army at the red sea), Exodus 15:1-21 (Songs), Exodus 15:22-19:25 (Israelite's live and eat in the wilderness), Exodus 20:1-17 (God delivers the Ten Commandments), Exodus 20:18-24:8 (Israel receives and affirms the covenant), Exodus 24:9-18 (Moses talks with God on Mount Sinai), Exodus 25-40 (Israel receives the [[Tabernacle]], priest and worship instructions). Exodus 1-18 encompasses the Israelite's leaving Egypt, and Exodus 19-40 entirely takes place at Mount Sinai.<br />
<br />
== Authorship == <br />
<br />
[[Moses]] is attributed as the author of the [[Torah]] in the Book of Exodus itself in Exodus 17:14, 24:4, 34:27-28, as well as in throughout the rest of the [[Torah]] in Numbers 32:2; Deuteronomy 1:1, 31:9, 31:22. D.K. Stuart, a well respected Old Testament scholar and author of a major commentary on the Book of Exodus states "These references to Mosaic authorship are substantial."<ref>Stuart, Douglas K. Exodus. Vol. 2. B&H Publishing Group, 2006, pp. 32-33</ref> The rest of the Old Testament also attests to Mosaic authorship over the Torah in Joshua 1:7, 8:32, 12:5; 1 Kings 2:3; 2 Kings 14:6, 23:25; Malachi 3:22; Daniel 9:11, 9:13; Ezra 3:2, 7:6; Nehemiah 8:1, 9:14; 2 Chronicles 23:18, 25:4, 30:16, 35:12, as well as the [[New Testament]] in Luke 2:22, 24:44; John 7:19; Acts 13:39, 15:5, 28:23; 1 Corinthians 9:9. Later Jewish historians, such as [[Josephus]] living in the first century AD further attribute Mosaic authorship to the Torah.<ref>Josephus, Flavius. The Works of Flavius Josephus. G. Routledge, 1873, p. 27</ref> The biblical references to the authorship of Moses over the Torah, both within and outside of the Torah are rather plenteous and more than enough to establish Moses as the historical author of these books.<br />
<br />
== Dating == <br />
<br />
The Book of Exodus was likely penned towards the end of the 15th century BC, especially if [[Moses]] is the author. The traditional scholarly hypothesis of the [[Documentary Hypothesis]] proposes that the books of the [[Torah]] were written around the middle of the first millennium BC. The Documentary Hypothesis dominated much of the scholarship of the early to mid-20th century, however the Documentary Hypothesis has received significant challenge over the last few decades and the consensus on it has entirely collapsed.<ref>Kikawada, Isaac M., and Arthur Quinn. Before Abraham was: the unity of Genesis 1-11. Abingdon Press, 1985.</ref><ref>Cassuto, Umberto. The Documentary Hypothesis: And the Composition of the Pentateuch. Shalem Press, 2005.</ref><ref>Archer, Gleason Leonard. Encyclopedia of Bible difficulties. Zondervan Publishing House, 1982.</ref> To a certain degree, most of the modern documentarians themselves have even abandoned a number of fundamental tenants of the documentary hypothesis, with many documentarians no longer acknowledging the existence of J and E, and thus it is no longer a viable option for consideration regarding the date for the composition of any books of the Torah, including the Book of Exodus. Evidence for the dating of the Book of Exodus comes from internal clues in the book itself. The Old Testament scholar [[Richard Hess]] states "Although many of these names remained in use later as well, some of them, such as Pinḥas, show an explicit connection with Egyptian personal names at the period in question, and a few, including Ḥevron (Exodus 6:18) and Puah (Exodus 1:15), are attested as personal names only in the mid-second millennium (that is, the 18th to the 13th centuries BCE). The use of other Egyptian words found in the early chapters of Exodus but nowhere else in the Bible similarly supports the view of a connection with Egypt in the same period. Such pieces of incidental information, which would not have been known to a later scribe, point to an antiquity and authenticity in the Exodus account that is difficult to explain otherwise."<ref>[https://mosaicmagazine.com/response/2015/03/how-to-judge-evidence-for-the-exodus/ How to Judge Evidence for the Exodus]</ref> The usage of names strictly used in Egypt between the 18th-13th centuries BC limit the composition of the book to this narrow time frame, because as Hess acknowledges, later scribes would simply not know these ancient Egyptian names that would have entered extinction by the end of the second millennium BC.<br />
<br />
== Main Events == <br />
<br />
The Book of Exodus contains many largely important events, including the [[Exodus of Israel]] out of Egypt, and where God delivers the [[Ten Commandments]]. Many of these important messages are reiterated throughout the rest of the [[Old Testament]] as well as the [[New Testament]], even by [[Jesus Christ]] Himself.<br />
<br />
=== God's Name ===<br />
<br />
In Exodus 3, Moses is shepherding his flocks when God appears to him in a burning bush. Moses at first does not know why a bush is in flames, and why it is not burning up but continuing to flame, and then God says "Moses, Moses!", causing Moses to understand the situation that he is speaking to God. God tells Moses to take off his sandals, for he is standing on holy ground, and Moses follows God's command. God then says to Moses "I am the God of your father, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob." God continues to tell Moses that He has seen His people being afflicted by the Egyptians and that He will bring Moses to bring His people out of Egypt. Moses is afraid and asks God how he can do such a thing, as he considers himself insignificant. God reassures Moses that he can bring the Israelites out of Egypt by ensuring him that He will be with him. Moses then asks God, if the Israelites ask for His name, what name will he give to them? God then responds in Exodus 3:14, a passage that some consider being the most important verse in the entire Book of Exodus. God says "I AM WHO I AM. This is what you are to say to the Israelites: I AM has sent me to you." God reveals His name as "I AM", originating from the Hebrew word ''hayah'' (הָיָה). Charles Elicott says regarding this divine name, "...it is rather a deep and mysterious statement of His nature. 'I am that which I am.' My nature, i.e., cannot be declared in words, cannot be conceived of by human thought. I exist in such sort that my whole inscrutable nature is implied in my existence..."<ref>Elicott, Charles. Ellicott's Bible Commentary, Volume 1. Delmarva Publications, Inc., 2015.</ref><br />
<br />
God's name 'I AM' has an important appearance in the New Testament text as well.<br />
<br />
John 8:57-59: The Jews replied, “You aren’t 50 years old yet, and You’ve seen Abraham?" Jesus said to them, “I assure you: Before Abraham was, I am.” At that, they picked up stones to throw at Him. But Jesus was hidden and went out of the temple complex.<br />
<br />
Jesus, when questioned by fellow Jews regarding His knowledge of Abraham, He declares "I am", referencing the name of God in Exodus 3:14, and declaring to be God Himself. The Jews, outraged at this, attempted to stone Him for it but were unsuccessful.<br />
<br />
=== Ten Plagues === <br />
: ''Main Page'' [[Egyptian plagues]]<br />
<br />
In the Book of Exodus, God punishes the pharaoh and Egypt with ten furious plagues in order to force him to let the Israelite's go from Egypt, after pharaoh resisted allowing Moses to lead the Israelite's out of Egypt. After the tenth plague, pharaoh finally allows the Israelite's to leave Egypt, also generously giving to them so much that the Israelite's were said to have "plundered the Egyptians" (Exodus 12:36).<br />
<br />
:Plague 1: Nile turns to blood<br />
:Plague 2: Frogs<br />
:Plague 3: Lice<br />
:Plague 4: Flies<br />
:Plague 5: Diseased livestock<br />
:Plague 6: Boils<br />
:Plague 7: Thunderstorm of hail<br />
:Plague 8: Locusts<br />
:Plague 9: Darkness for three days<br />
:Plague 10: Death of the firstborn sons<br />
<br />
Pharaoh resisted God and Moses throughout the entirety of the plagues, until the tenth plague, where the life of pharaohs own firstborn son was taken. This narrative mainly takes place in Exodus 11:1-8;<br />
<br />
''The Lord said to Moses, “I will bring one more plague on Pharaoh and on Egypt. After that, he will let you go from here. When he lets you go, he will drive you out of here. Now announce to the people that both men and women should ask their neighbors for silver and gold jewelry.” The Lord gave the people favor in the sight of the Egyptians. And the man Moses was highly regarded in the land of Egypt by Pharaoh’s officials and the people. So Moses said, “This is what Yahweh says: ‘About midnight I will go throughout Egypt, and every firstborn male in the land of Egypt will die, from the firstborn of Pharaoh who sits on his throne to the firstborn of the servant girl who is behind the millstones, as well as every firstborn of the livestock. Then there will be a great cry of anguish through all the land of Egypt such as never was before, or ever will be again. But against all the Israelites, whether man or beast, not even a dog will snarl, so that you may know that Yahweh makes a distinction between Egypt and Israel. All these officials of yours will come down to me and bow before me, saying: Leave, you and all the people who follow you. After that, I will leave.’” And he left Pharaoh’s presence in fierce anger.''<br />
<br />
=== Exodus ===<br />
: ''Main Page'' [[Exodus of Israel]]<br />
<br />
The Exodus out of Israel was one of the most important events in the entirety of the Torah, perhaps even the entire [[Bible]]. The Exodus begins in Exodus 12:37, where the Book of Exodus says " The Israelite's traveled from Rameses to Succoth, about 600,000 soldiers on foot, besides their families." The exact path of the Israelite's from Egypt into the promised land remains debated amongst scholars, including the very sea that was crossed by the Israelite's. Some believe it is the Red Sea, some the Gulf of Suez and some the Gulf of Aqaba. The exodus began in Exodus 12:37, although the Israelite's never fully enter into the promised land by crossing the [[Jordan]] into the promised land until Joshua 3:17, after the death of [[Moses]]. After the Israelite's left Egypt, they wandered in the wilderness for forty years before entering the promised land (Deuteronomy 29:5; Numbers 32:13). The exodus out of Egypt is backed up by the historical data.<ref>https://faithfulphilosophy.wordpress.com/2016/10/24/historical-evidence-for-the-exodus/</ref><br />
<br />
=== Ten Commandments ===<br />
: ''Main Page'' [[Ten Commandments]]<br />
<br />
In Exodus 20:1-17, [[God]] delivers the Ten Commandments to the Israelite's on Mount Sinai. The following are the Ten Commandments from God.<br />
<br />
:Commandment 1: I am the Lord your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage. '''Exodus 20:2'''<br />
:Commandment 2: You shall have no other gods before Me. You shall not make for yourself a carved image—any likeness of anything that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth; you shall not bow down to them nor serve them. For I, the Lord your God, am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children to the third and fourth generations of those who hate Me, but showing mercy to thousands, to those who love Me and keep My commandments. '''Exodus 20:3-6'''<br />
:Commandment 3: You shall not take the name of the Lord your God in vain, for the Lord will not hold him guiltless who takes His name in vain. '''Exodus 20:7'''<br />
:Commandment 4: Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy. Six days you shall labor and do all your work, but the seventh day is the Sabbath of the Lord your God. In it you shall do no work: you, nor your son, nor your daughter, nor your male servant, nor your female servant, nor your cattle, nor your stranger who is within your gates. For in six days the Lord made the heavens and the earth, the sea, and all that is in them, and rested the seventh day. Therefore the Lord blessed the Sabbath day and hallowed it. '''Exodus 20:8-11'''<br />
:Commandment 5: Honor your father and your mother, that your days may be long upon the land which the Lord your God is giving you. '''Exodus 20:12'''<br />
:Commandment 6: You shall not murder. '''Exodus 20:13'''<br />
:Commandment 7: You shall not commit adultery. '''Exodus 20:14'''<br />
:Commandment 8: You shall not steal. '''Exodus 20:15'''<br />
:Commandment 9: You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor. '''Exodus 20:16'''<br />
:Commandment 10: You shall not covet your neighbor’s house; you shall not covet your neighbor’s wife, nor his male servant, nor his female servant, nor his ox, nor his donkey, nor anything that is your neighbor’s. '''Exodus 20:17'''<br />
<br />
The Ten Commandments have been heavily influential throughout the entirety of the [[Bible]]. When the [[Pharisees]] gathered around Jesus, and a lawyer asked "Teacher, which is the great commandment in the law?" (Matthew 22:36), [[Jesus]] spoke "'You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, with all your soul, and with all your mind.’ This is the first and great commandment. And the second is like it: ‘You shall love your neighbor as yourself.’ On these two commandments hang all the Law and the Prophets.”<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Exodus (Translated)]]<br />
*[[Exodus of Israel]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{Old Testament Books}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Old Testament Books| 2]]<br />
[[Category:Exodus]]</div>
Korvex
https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Gospel_of_the_Hebrews&diff=1377927
Gospel of the Hebrews
2017-09-30T14:36:24Z
<p>Korvex: </p>
<hr />
<div>The '''Gospel of the Hebrews''' or '''Gospel According to the Hebrews''' is a lost Judeo-Christian [[Syncretism|syncretistic]] work. It is known only from fragments quoted by early [[Christian apologetics|Christian apologists]], and is mentioned by [[Eusebius]] in his ''Ecclesiastical History'', Book III, chapter 25 "The Sacred Scriptures Acknowledged as Genuine, and Those that are Not."<br />
<br />
==External Links==<br />
*[http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/gospelhebrews.html Gospel of the Hebrews - Early Christian Writings (earlychristianwritings.com)]<br />
<br />
[[category:Early Christians]]<br />
[[category:Heresies]]<br />
[[category:Apologetics]]<br />
[[category:History]]</div>
Korvex
https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Gospel_of_the_Hebrews&diff=1377926
Gospel of the Hebrews
2017-09-30T14:36:09Z
<p>Korvex: </p>
<hr />
<div>The '''Gospel of the Hebrews''' or '''Gospel According to the Hebrews''' is a lost Judeo-Christian [[Syncretism|syncretistic]] work. It is known only from fragments quoted by early [[Christian apologetics|Christian apologists]], and is mentioned by [[Eusebius]] in his ''Ecclesiastical History'', Book III, chapter 25 "The Sacred Scriptures Acknowledged as Genuine, and Those that are Not."<br />
<br />
[[External Links]]<br />
*[http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/gospelhebrews.html Gospel of the Hebrews - Early Christian Writings (earlychristianwritings.com)]<br />
<br />
[[category:Early Christians]]<br />
[[category:Heresies]]<br />
[[category:Apologetics]]<br />
[[category:History]]</div>
Korvex
https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Mike_Licona&diff=1377925
Mike Licona
2017-09-30T14:35:20Z
<p>Korvex: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Michael R. Licona''' (born July 17, 1961) is a [[Christian]] apologist and [[New Testament]] scholar who has debated many academic non-Christian scholars like Dan Barker, [[Richard Carrier]], Shabir Ally, and [[Bart Ehrman]] on the topic of the historicity of the resurrection of [[Jesus]]. <br />
<br />
Dr. Licona earned a Ph.D in New Testament studies from the [[University of Pretoria]]. <br />
<br />
==Academic Work==<br />
In 2010, Licona published a book titled ''The Resurrection of Jesus: A New Historiographical Approach'' (IVP Academic), a book that has been described as one of the most important contributions to resurrection research since [[N.T. Wright|N.T. Wright's]] ''The resurrection of the Son of God''. In 2016, Licona published another monograph titled ''Why Are There Differences In The Gospels?'' In this book, Licona's most recent monograph, Licona seeks to understand a number of differences in the Gospels narratives, not as contradictions, but as the result of the Gospel authors telling their stories in different ways by using different literary compositional devices common to other Graeco-Roman biographies besides the Gospels in the era of [[Jesus]].<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
*[http://www.risenjesus.com risenjesus.com]<br />
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_1_GYR3xjPQ Licona vs. Carrier - Did Jesus rise from the dead?]<br />
*[https://thebestschools.org/special/ehrman-licona-dialogue-reliability-new-testament/ A Written Dialogue Between Bart Ehrman and Michael Licona]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Christian Apologists]]</div>
Korvex
https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Mike_Licona&diff=1377924
Mike Licona
2017-09-30T14:35:05Z
<p>Korvex: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Michael R. Licona''' (born July 17, 1961) is a [[Christian]] apologist and [[New Testament]] scholar who has debated many academic non-Christian scholars like Dan Barker, [[Richard Carrier]], Shabir Ally, and [[Bart Ehrman]] on the topic of the historicity of the resurrection of [[Jesus]]. <br />
<br />
Dr. Licona earned a Ph.D in New Testament studies from the [[University of Pretoria]]. <br />
<br />
==Academic Work==<br />
In 2010, Licona published a book titled ''The Resurrection of Jesus: A New Historiographical Approach'' (IVP Academic), a book that has been described as one of the most important contributions to resurrection research since [[N.T. Wright|N.T. Wright's]] ''The resurrection of the Son of God''. In 2016, Licona published another monograph titled ''Why Are There Differences In The Gospels?'' In this book, Licona's most recent monograph, Licona seeks to understand a number of differences in the Gospels narratives, not as contradictions, but as the result of the Gospel authors telling their stories in different ways by using different literary compositional devices common to other Graeco-Roman biographies besides the Gospels in the era of [[Jesus]].<br />
<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
*[http://www.risenjesus.com risenjesus.com]<br />
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_1_GYR3xjPQ Licona vs. Carrier - Did Jesus rise from the dead?]<br />
*[https://thebestschools.org/special/ehrman-licona-dialogue-reliability-new-testament/ A Written Dialogue Between Bart Ehrman and Michael Licona]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Christian Apologists]]</div>
Korvex
https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Mike_Licona&diff=1377923
Mike Licona
2017-09-30T14:34:00Z
<p>Korvex: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Michael R. Licona''' (born July 17, 1961) is a [[Christian]] apologist and [[New Testament]] scholar who has debated many academic non-Christian scholars like Dan Barker, [[Richard Carrier]], Shabir Ally, and [[Bart Ehrman]] on the topic of the historicity of the resurrection of [[Jesus]]. <br />
<br />
Dr. Licona earned a Ph.D in New Testament studies from the [[University of Pretoria]]. <br />
<br />
==Academic Work==<br />
In 2010, Licona published a book titled ''The Resurrection of Jesus: A New Historiographical Approach'' (IVP Academic), a book that has been described as one of the most important contributions to resurrection research since [[N.T. Wright|N.T. Wright's]] ''The resurrection of the Son of God''. In 2016, Licona published another monograph titled ''Why Are There Differences In The Gospels?'' In this book, Licona's most recent monograph, Licona seeks to understand a number of differences in the Gospels narratives, not as contradictions, but as the result of the Gospel authors telling their stories in different ways by using different literary compositional devices common to other Graeco-Roman biographies besides the Gospels in the era of [[Jesus]].<br />
<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
*[http://www.risenjesus.com risenjesus.com]<br />
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_1_GYR3xjPQ Licona vs. Carrier - Did Jesus rise from the dead?]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Christian Apologists]]</div>
Korvex
https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Mike_Licona&diff=1377922
Mike Licona
2017-09-30T14:33:39Z
<p>Korvex: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Michael R. Licona''' (born July 17, 1961) is a [[Christian]] apologist and [[New Testament]] scholar who has debated many academic non-Christian scholars like Dan Barker, [[Richard Carrier]], Shabir Ally, and [[Bart Ehrman]] on the topic of the historicity of the resurrection of [[Jesus]]. <br />
<br />
Dr. Licona earned a Ph.D in New Testament studies from the [[University of Pretoria]]. <br />
<br />
==Academic Work==<br />
In 2010, Licona published a book titled ''The Resurrection of Jesus: A New Historiographical Approach'' (IVP Academic), a book that has been described as one of the most important contributions to resurrection research since [[N.T. Wright|N.T. Wright's]] ''The resurrection of the Son of God''. In 2016, Licona published another monograph titled ''Why Are There Differences In The Gospels?'' In this book, Licona's most recent monograph, Licona seeks to understand a number of differences in the Gospels narratives, not as contradictions, but as the result of the Gospel authors telling their stories in different ways by using different literary compositional devices common to otherGraeco-Roman biographies besides the Gospels in the era of [[Jesus]].<br />
<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
*[http://www.risenjesus.com risenjesus.com]<br />
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_1_GYR3xjPQ Licona vs. Carrier - Did Jesus rise from the dead?]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Christian Apologists]]</div>
Korvex
https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Mike_Licona&diff=1377921
Mike Licona
2017-09-30T14:33:08Z
<p>Korvex: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Michael R. Licona''' (born July 17, 1961) is a [[Christian]] apologist and [[New Testament]] scholar who has debated many academic non-Christian scholars like Dan Barker, [[Richard Carrier]], Shabir Ally, and [[Bart Ehrman]] on the topic of the historicity of the resurrection of [[Jesus]]. <br />
<br />
Dr. Licona earned a Ph.D in New Testament studies from the [[University of Pretoria]]. <br />
<br />
==Academic Work==<br />
In 2010, Licona published a book titled ''The Resurrection of Jesus: A New Historiographical Approach'' (IVP Academic), a book that has been described as one of the most important contributions to resurrection research since [[N.T. Wright|N.T. Wright's]] ''The resurrection of the Son of God''. In 2016, Licona published another monograph titled ''Why Are There Differences In The Gospels?'' This book, Licona's most recent monograph, Licona seeks to understand a number of differences in the Gospels narratives, not as contradictions, but as the result of the Gospel authors telling their stories in different ways by using different literary compositional devices common to otherGraeco-Roman biographies besides the Gospels in the era of [[Jesus]].<br />
<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
*[http://www.risenjesus.com risenjesus.com]<br />
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_1_GYR3xjPQ Licona vs. Carrier - Did Jesus rise from the dead?]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Christian Apologists]]</div>
Korvex
https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Mike_Licona&diff=1377920
Mike Licona
2017-09-30T14:32:51Z
<p>Korvex: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Michael R. Licona''' (born July 17, 1961) is a [[Christian]] apologist and [[New Testament]] scholar who has debated many academic non-Christian scholars like Dan Barker, [[Richard Carrier]], Shabir Ally, and [[Bart Ehrman]] on the topic of the historicity of the resurrection of [[Jesus]]. <br />
<br />
Dr. Licona earned a Ph.D in New Testament studies from the [[University of Pretoria]]. <br />
<br />
==Academic Work==<br />
In 2010, Licona published a book titled ''The Resurrection of Jesus: A New Historiographical Approach'' (IVP Academic), a book that has been described as one of the most important contributions to resurrection research since [[N.T. Wright's|N.T. Wright]] ''The resurrection of the Son of God''. In 2016, Licona published another monograph titled ''Why Are There Differences In The Gospels?'' This book, Licona's most recent monograph, Licona seeks to understand a number of differences in the Gospels narratives, not as contradictions, but as the result of the Gospel authors telling their stories in different ways by using different literary compositional devices common to otherGraeco-Roman biographies besides the Gospels in the era of [[Jesus]].<br />
<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
*[http://www.risenjesus.com risenjesus.com]<br />
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_1_GYR3xjPQ Licona vs. Carrier - Did Jesus rise from the dead?]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Christian Apologists]]</div>
Korvex
https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Mike_Licona&diff=1377919
Mike Licona
2017-09-30T14:32:30Z
<p>Korvex: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Michael R. Licona''' (born July 17, 1961) is a [[Christian]] apologist and [[New Testament]] scholar who has debated many academic non-Christian scholars like Dan Barker, [[Richard Carrier]], Shabir Ally, and [[Bart Ehrman]] on the topic of the historicity of the resurrection of [[Jesus]]. <br />
<br />
Dr. Licona earned a Ph.D in New Testament studies from the [[University of Pretoria]]. In 2010, Licona published a book titled ''The Resurrection of Jesus: A New Historiographical Approach'' (IVP Academic), a book that has been described as one of the most important contributions to resurrection research since [[N.T. Wright's|N.T. Wright]] ''The resurrection of the Son of God''. In 2016, Licona published another monograph titled ''Why Are There Differences In The Gospels?'' This book, Licona's most recent monograph, Licona seeks to understand a number of differences in the Gospels narratives, not as contradictions, but as the result of the Gospel authors telling their stories in different ways by using different literary compositional devices common to otherGraeco-Roman biographies besides the Gospels in the era of [[Jesus]].<br />
<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
*[http://www.risenjesus.com risenjesus.com]<br />
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_1_GYR3xjPQ Licona vs. Carrier - Did Jesus rise from the dead?]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Christian Apologists]]</div>
Korvex
https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Mike_Licona&diff=1377918
Mike Licona
2017-09-30T14:32:17Z
<p>Korvex: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Michael R. Licona''' (born July 17, 1961) is a [[Christian]] apologist and [[New Testament]] scholar who has debated many academic non-Christian scholars like Dan Barker, [[Richard Carrier]], Shabir Ally, and [[Bart Ehrman]] on the topic of the historicity of the resurrection of [[Jesus]]. <br />
<br />
Dr. Licona earned a Ph.D in New Testament studies from the [[University of Pretoria]] (South Africa). In 2010, Licona published a book titled ''The Resurrection of Jesus: A New Historiographical Approach'' (IVP Academic), a book that has been described as one of the most important contributions to resurrection research since [[N.T. Wright's|N.T. Wright]] ''The resurrection of the Son of God''. In 2016, Licona published another monograph titled ''Why Are There Differences In The Gospels?'' This book, Licona's most recent monograph, Licona seeks to understand a number of differences in the Gospels narratives, not as contradictions, but as the result of the Gospel authors telling their stories in different ways by using different literary compositional devices common to otherGraeco-Roman biographies besides the Gospels in the era of [[Jesus]].<br />
<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
*[http://www.risenjesus.com risenjesus.com]<br />
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_1_GYR3xjPQ Licona vs. Carrier - Did Jesus rise from the dead?]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Christian Apologists]]</div>
Korvex
https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Mike_Licona&diff=1377917
Mike Licona
2017-09-30T14:32:07Z
<p>Korvex: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Michael R. Licona''' (born July 17, 1961) is a [[Christian]] apologist and [[New Testament]] scholar who has debated many academic non-Christian scholars like Dan Barker, [[Richard Carrier]], Shabir Ally, and [[Bart Ehrman]] on the topic of the historicity of the resurrection of [[Jesus]]. <br />
<br />
Dr. Licona earned a Ph.D in New Testament studies from the [University of Pretoria]] (South Africa). In 2010, Licona published a book titled ''The Resurrection of Jesus: A New Historiographical Approach'' (IVP Academic), a book that has been described as one of the most important contributions to resurrection research since [[N.T. Wright's|N.T. Wright]] ''The resurrection of the Son of God''. In 2016, Licona published another monograph titled ''Why Are There Differences In The Gospels?'' This book, Licona's most recent monograph, Licona seeks to understand a number of differences in the Gospels narratives, not as contradictions, but as the result of the Gospel authors telling their stories in different ways by using different literary compositional devices common to otherGraeco-Roman biographies besides the Gospels in the era of [[Jesus]].<br />
<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
*[http://www.risenjesus.com risenjesus.com]<br />
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_1_GYR3xjPQ Licona vs. Carrier - Did Jesus rise from the dead?]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Christian Apologists]]</div>
Korvex
https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Mike_Licona&diff=1377916
Mike Licona
2017-09-30T14:31:40Z
<p>Korvex: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Michael R. Licona''' (born July 17, 1961) is a [[Christian]] apologist and [[New Testament]] scholar who has debated many academic non-Christian scholars like Dan Barker, [[Richard Carrier]], Shabir Ally, and [[Bart Ehrman]] on the topic of the historicity of the resurrection of [[Jesus]]. <br />
<br />
Dr. Licona earned a Ph.D in New Testament studies from the [University of Pretoria]] (South Africa). In 2010, Licona published a book titled ''The Resurrection of Jesus: A New Historiographical Approach (IVP Academic)'', a book that has been described as one of the most important contributions to resurrection research since [[N.T. Wright's|N.T. Wright]] ''The resurrection of the Son of God''. In 2016, Licona published another monograph titled ''Why Are There Differences In The Gospels?'' This book, Licona's most recent monograph, Licona seeks to understand a number of differences in the Gospels narratives, not as contradictions, but as the result of the Gospel authors telling their stories in different ways by using different literary compositional devices common to otherGraeco-Roman biographies besides the Gospels in the era of [[Jesus]].<br />
<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
*[http://www.risenjesus.com risenjesus.com]<br />
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_1_GYR3xjPQ Licona vs. Carrier - Did Jesus rise from the dead?]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Christian Apologists]]</div>
Korvex
https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Michael_Licona&diff=1377914
Michael Licona
2017-09-30T14:26:35Z
<p>Korvex: Redirected page to Mike Licona</p>
<hr />
<div>#redirect [[Mike Licona]]</div>
Korvex
https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=James_K._Hoffmeier&diff=1377913
James K. Hoffmeier
2017-09-30T14:25:00Z
<p>Korvex: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''James K. Hoffmeier'''<ref>[https://divinity.tiu.edu/academics/faculty/james-k-hoffmeier-phd/ James K. Hoffmeier, PhD]</ref> (born February 13, 1951, Egypt) is a leading [[historian]], [[archaeologist]] and [[Old Testament]] scholar. James Hoffmeier was born in Egypt, and lived there until the age of sixteen, where he often returns for visits for research, excavations, and teaching in ministries. Hoffmeier fleed Egypt in 1967, at the age of 16 because of the [[Six Day War]], where he had to live in camps for several months during the conflict.<ref>[https://blogs.thegospelcoalition.org/justintaylor/2009/06/09/what-does-bible-teach-on-immigration/ WHAT DOES THE BIBLE TEACH ON IMMIGRATION? AN INTERVIEW WITH JAMES HOFFMEIER]</ref><br />
<br />
== Career ==<br />
James Hoffmeier<ref>[http://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/pentateuch-conference/program/april-4/6/ Egyptian Idea of Canon in Literature and Some Possible Implications for Hebrew Scribal Traditions and the Writing of the Torah Biographical Sketch]</ref> first earned a BA from [[Wheaton College]] in Near Eastern Studies and Archaeology, and then received an MA from the [[University of Toronto]] in Egyptian Archaeology in 1975. In the years 1975 and 1977, he worked in association with the Akhenaten Temple Project in Luxor, and then finished his PhD from the University of Toronto focusing on Egyptian Religion. He later served as Professor of Archaeology and Old Testament at Wheaton College and was also the chair of Wheaton’s Department of Biblical, Theological, Religious and Archaeological Studies. In 1999, James Hoffmeier became Professor of Old Testament and Ancient Near Eastern History and Archaeology at [[Trinity Evangelical Divinity School]], where he currently professes. Hoffmeier also lead excavations at the ancient site of Tell el-Borg in the [[Sinai]] from 1998-2008.<br />
<br />
== Publications ==<br />
James Hoffmeir's experiences in Egypt inspired him to write a book on immigration and its relation to the biblical text,<ref>See Hoffmeier's book: Hoffmeier, James K. The immigration crisis: immigrants, aliens, and the Bible. Crossway, 2009.</ref> which has received many endorsements.<ref>[https://www.crossway.org/books/the-immigration-crisis-tpb/ About The Immigration Crisis]</ref> Hoffmeier is a very influential scholar, and much of his main research has been in contribution to the authenticity of the exodus narratives. Oxford University has published two of Hoffmeier's major volumes on the authenticity of the exodus and wilderness traditions, titled ''Israel in Egypt: The evidence for the authenticity of the Exodus tradition''<ref>Hoffmeier, James K. Israel in Egypt: The evidence for the authenticity of the Exodus tradition. Oxford University Press, 1999.</ref> and ''Ancient Israel in Sinai: The Evidence for the Authenticity of the Wilderness Tradition''.<ref>Hoffmeier, James K. Ancient Israel in Sinai: The Evidence for the Authenticity of the Wilderness Tradition. Oxford University Press, 2005.</ref> Hoffmeier has also presented papers at two major conferences on the exodus in recent years, the first in 2013 which was based in California,<ref>Hoffmeier, James K. "Egyptologists and the Israelite Exodus from Egypt." Israel's Exodus in Transdisciplinary Perspective. Springer International Publishing, 2015. 197-208.</ref> as well as a second major conference in 2014 based in Texas,<ref>Edited by James K. Hoffmeier, Alan R. Millard, and Gary A. Rendsburg. "Did I Not Bring Israel Out of Egypt?" Eisenbrauns, 2016: 3-35.</ref> in which he was also an editor of the final publication. Some of Hoffmeier's important academic works include the following works;<br />
<br />
*''Akhenaten and the Origins of Monotheism''<br />
*''Israel in Egypt: The evidence for the authenticity of the Exodus tradition''<br />
*''Ancient Israel in Sinai: The Evidence for the Authenticity of the Wilderness Tradition''<br />
*''The future of biblical archaeology: reassessing methodologies and assumptions''<br />
*''Some thoughts on Genesis 1 & 2 and Egyptian cosmology''<br />
*''Faith, tradition, and history: Old Testament historiography in its Near Eastern context''<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hoffmeier, James K.}}<br />
[[Category:Archaeologists]]<br />
[[Category:Historians]]<br />
[[Category:Professors]]</div>
Korvex
https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Robert_M._Price&diff=1370379
Robert M. Price
2017-08-30T16:14:54Z
<p>Korvex: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Robert Price''' is an American [[atheism|atheist]], theologian and professor. He teaches biblical criticism at the Center for Inquiry.<ref>[http://www.robertmprice.mindvendor.com/zblog/?p=625 Westboro Atheists] by Robert M. Price</ref> In addition, he sits on the advisory board of the Secular Student alliance. Price is also a fellow of the [[Jesus Seminar]].<br />
<br />
Price is one of the only two scholars in the international academic community to think Jesus does not exist. Due to the fringe nature of this thesis and unconvincing arguments Price promulgates (such as denying the well established authorship of Paul's seven undisputed epistles) Price's academics have been held in dismally low regards by the academy.<br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
<br />
*[http://www.tektonics.org/lp/pricer06.php Robert Price on the resurrection of Jesus Christ] by [[JP Holding]]<br />
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gToP2XG3zss Did Jesus of Nazareth Rise from the Dead? William Lane Craig vs. Robert M. Price]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
[[Category:Atheists]]</div>
Korvex
https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Gath&diff=1365879
Gath
2017-08-06T21:00:26Z
<p>Korvex: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Gath''' was one of the major cities of the [[Philistines]] according to [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=joshua%2013:3;&version=31; Joshua 13:3]. Gath was the birthplace of the giant [[Goliath]],[http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1%20sam%2017:4;&version=31;] and the city were [[David]] settled as he fled from [[Saul]][http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1%20sam%2027;&version=31;].<br />
<br />
[[Category:Biblical Places]]<br />
<br />
{{Bible Cities}}</div>
Korvex
https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Epistle_to_the_Hebrews&diff=1358059
Epistle to the Hebrews
2017-07-02T01:43:08Z
<p>Korvex: </p>
<hr />
<div>''See also [[Mystery:Did Jesus Write the Epistle to the Hebrews?]]''<br />
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[[Image:KJV 1611 Hebrews.jpg|right|thumb|200px|The 1611 edition of the [[King James Bible]] showing the opening of the Epistle to the Hebrews, with a mistaken attribution to Paul as the author.]]<br />
The '''Epistle to the Hebrews''' is the nineteenth book of the [[New Testament]], and one of the greatest mysteries in all of intellectual history: the authorship of this brilliant work is unknown. It is not a letter to the Hebrews, but a detailed explanation to everyone of the reasons behind Jesus's life and [[Passion of Christ|Passion]], and how [[God]] did not fail to intervene. Unlike the actual letters in the New Testament, this book is not introduced by the name of its author. Its title of "Hebrews" is itself a misnomer, as the explanation in the book is plainly for everyone. The only hint we have about its author is Hebrews 13:19, where the author urges the audience to [[prayer|pray]] "in order that I may be restored to you the sooner."<ref>ESV quoted here.</ref><br />
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This Epistle was likely written within months or even days of Jesus's [[Resurrection]], because it refers to worship practices under the old covenant in the present tense (Hebrews 8:4-5, 10:1-3), practices which continued to A.D. 70, for thirty-seven years after Jesus [[Ascension|ascended]] into heaven.<ref>"practices which continued A.D. 70, for thirty-seven years after Jesus ascended into heaven." (Compare Hebrews 10:32-34 and Acts 8:1-3.) It is not impossible that this Epistle could also have been written at ''any'' time during those 37 years, even as late as February A.D. 70 (A.D. 33 + 37 years = A.D. 70). The Temple was taken in March of that year and burned in April. See the following historical documentation.<br />
*[http://www.biblestudytools.com/history/flavius-josephus/war-of-the-jews/book-5/ '''''War'', Book 5''' (biblestudytools.com)]<br>[http://www.biblestudytools.com/history/flavius-josephus/war-of-the-jews/book-6/ '''''War'', Book 6''' (biblestudytools.com)]<br />
*[http://www.livius.org/ja-jn/jewish_wars/jwar04.html Wars between the Jews and Romans: the destruction of Jerusalem (70 CE) (livius.org)]<br />
*[http://www.historynet.com/first-jewish-roman-war-siege-of-jerusalem.htm First Jewish-Roman War: Siege of Jerusalem, J. E. Lendon, associate professor of history at the University of Virginia. (historynet.com)]<br />
*''Josephus: The Essential Writings'' A Condensation of ''Jewish Antiquities'' and ''The Jewish War'', Translated and Edited by Paul L. Maier, © 1988, Kregel Publications, a division of Kregel, Inc. P.O. Box 2607, Grand Rapids, MI 49501<br>''Eusebius—The Church History: A New Translation with Commentary'' Copyright © 1999 by Paul Maier, Published by Kregel Publications, a division of Kregel Inc., P.O. Box 2607, Grand Rapids, MI 49501</ref><br />
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This Epistle contains an admonition against both [[same-sex marriage|same-sex "marriage"]] and [[adultery]]: "Let marriage be held in honor among all, and let the marriage bed be undefiled, for God will judge the sexually immoral and adulterous."<ref>Hebrews 13:4 (ESV)</ref><br />
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This Epistle was written perfectly in a higher form of Greek. "It would be difficult to find anywhere passages more exact and pregnant in expression than i. 1-4; ii. 14-18; vii, 26-28; xii, 18-24."<ref>''The Epistle to the Hebrews: The Greek Texts with Notes and Essays'' (edited by Brooke Foss Westcott), xlvi</ref> There is also a striking absence of five words commonly used in other parts of the New Testament. This short book demonstrates a phenomenal knowledge of scriptures by the author, and draws an analogy between the new concept of [[Christian]] [[faith]] and the sacrifice of [[Isaac]] in the [[Old Testament]].<ref>Saldarini, Anthony J. [http://mb-soft.com/believe/txs/hebrews.htm ''Epistle to the Hebrews''] Believe. Accessed 15 March 2008</ref><ref>Pawson, J. David ''Unlocking The Bible'' p.1113 (London, Collins; 2003) ISBN 978 0 00 716666 4</ref> It contains a record number of words that do not appear anywhere else in the New Testament, and the style of the writing is at the highest level of Greek found anywhere.<br />
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Luke's Gospel and the Acts of the Apostles, particularly its chapter 7, apparently benefited from having a copy of this Epistle because Luke imitated it in several ways.<ref>"Lukan Authorship of Hebrews," by David Lewis Allen, pp. 143-50, which describes the parallels between Acts 7 and Hebrews 11.</ref> This Epistle was written before institution of the Eucharist and before the destruction of the Jerusalem Temple in A.D. 70.<ref>http://www.mycrandall.ca/courses/ntintro/Heb.htm</ref> This Epistle was also known to Clement, a very early pope, as confirmed by 1 Clement (17:1, 36:2-5), which is typically dated as having been written sometime between A.D. 95 and 120.<ref>Theopedia says that Clement cited the Epistle to the Hebrews in A.D. 96. [http://www.theopedia.com/epistle-to-the-hebrews]</ref> There are striking similarities between this Epistle and Luke's work, which suggests that one inspired the other. Given that this Epistle is written at a higher level and probably earlier than Luke's works, this Epistle probably inspired Luke to write his Gospel and the Acts of the Apostles.<br />
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Chapter 11 of this epistle is known as the "Hall of Faith."<ref>[https://enduringword.com/commentary/hebrews-11/ HEBREWS 11 – EXAMPLES OF FAITH TO HELP THE DISCOURAGED]</ref> The phrase "brotherly love"—Greek for "Philadelphia"—originated with Hebrews 13:1 and was then repeated in various forms in Romans 12:10; 1 Thessalonians 4:9; 1 Peter 1:22; 2 Peter 1:7; 1 Peter 2:17; 1 Peter 3:8; 1 John 3:10, 4:7, and 4:20-21.<br />
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==Language==<br />
The [[Greek]] of the epistle is particularly sophisticated, and widely regarded as the best example in the New Testament,<ref>Pawson, J. David op cit</ref> noted for its "striking purity and elegance."<ref>"Language and style" [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07181a.htm ''Epistle to the Hebrews''] Catholic Encyclopedia. Accessed 15 March 2008</ref> Not only does the author show "great familiarity with the rules of the Greek literary language" but also "of all the New Testament authors he has the best style. His writing may even be included among those examples of artistic Greek [[prose]] whose rhythm recalls the parallelism of [[Hebrew]] poetry."<ref>Catholic Encyclopedia op cit</ref> Even in the English translation, the language is refined and sophisticated. It uses 168 terms which appear in no other part of the New Testament, including ten words found neither in [[koine]] or classical Greek, and a further forty words which do not appear in the [[Septuagint]].<br />
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==Author==<br />
The identity of the author of the epistle has been called "the riddle of the New Testament".<ref>Scott, E. F. [http://www.archive.org/stream/MN41537ucmf_9/MN41537ucmf_9_djvu.txt ''The Epistle of the Hebrews: Its Doctrine and Significance''] (Edinburgh; T and T Clarke; 1922) full text online. Accessed 15 March 2008</ref> It remains the only New Testament book whose authorship is definitely unknown. The earliest translations of the [[King James Bible]] call it "the Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Hebrews," but this is implausible conjecture, and also a position that was not adopted by the church until the [[Middle Ages]]. By the time of the [[Reformation]], this authorship was being questioned. While commonly attributed to [[Paul]], a comparison of the language and style with his other writings demonstrate that he was not the author, although the ideas expressed within it do not contradict Pauline thought, suggesting that the author may have been a pupil of his. <br />
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The strikingly beautiful and sophisticated use of the Greek language in this book suggests it was written by a great Greek thinker, perhaps someone at the high level of [[Aristotle]] or [[Plato]].<br />
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Attridge<ref>Attridge, Harold W. ''Epistle to the Hebrews'' Anchor Bible Dictionary</ref> writes: "Although Hebrews is included in the Pauline corpus and was part of that corpus in its earliest attested form ([eg papyrus] ''P46''), it is certainly not a work of the apostle. This fact was recognized, largely on stylistic grounds, even in antiquity. Some patristic authors defended the traditional Pauline attribution with theories of scribal assistants such as Clement of Rome or Luke, but such hypotheses do not do justice to the very un-Pauline treatment of key themes, particularly those of law and faith. Numerous alternative candidates for authorship have been proposed. The most prominent have been [[Barnabas]], to whom [[Tertullian]] assigned the work; [[Apollos]], defended by [[Martin Luther|Luther]] and many moderns; Priscilla, suggested by von Harnack; [[Epaphras]]; and [[Silas]]. Arguments for none are decisive, and [[Origen|Origen's]] judgment that "''God only knows''" who composed the work is sound."<br />
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==Provenance==<br />
The earliest copy in existence is part of a [[papyrus]] codex in Greek of the Letters of Saint Paul, dating from around A.D. 200. The codex, referred to as ''P46'' was discovered in 1931, and provided a text at least a century older than the [[Vatican]] and Sinaitic codices, the oldest authorities on which the text had previously rested.<ref>[http://www.lib.umich.edu/pap/exhibits/papyri_james/1_2.html ''From Papyri to King James: The Transmission of the English Bible''] University of Michigan. Accessed 15 March 2008</ref> The epistle can be dated with some certainty by its content: the use of "''Remember your leaders, who spoke the word of God to you. Consider the outcome of their way of life and imitate their faith''" (Heb 13:7) is consistent with a period shortly after the [[Passion]]. The epistle also discusses the temple and its sacrifices in the present tense: this places its writing prior to the destruction of the temple in A.D. 70.<br />
[[Image:Papyrus P46.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Papyrus ''P46'', showing the opening paragraphs of the Epistle to the Hebrews.]]<br />
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==To whom written==<br />
It is uncertain to whom the letter was sent, bearing only the words "to the Hebrews," and it has been variously suggested that it was sent to the church at [[Alexandria]], [[Antioch]], [[Jerusalem]] or [[Ephesus]]. Pawson<ref>Pawson, J. David op cit p.1115</ref> points to the ending of the letter (which was surely added later): "''Those ''from'' Italy send you their greetings''" (Heb 13:24) as indicating the letter was written ''to'' Italy, most likely the church in Rome. In light of its title, which was also likely added later,<ref>http://www.bible.ca/ef/expository-hebrews-1-1-2-18.htm</ref> the "letter" may have been specifically meant for that portion of the church that was Jewish. This becomes even more apparent, given the date of the letter, when one considers the events that were taking place in Rome at this time. Under [[Claudius]], many Jews had been banished from Rome, including Priscilla and Aquila who had escaped to [[Corinth]]. The church in Rome became largely made up of [[Gentile]]s, and as a result, when the Jews began to return in AD 54 after Claudius' death, there was a significant tension between Jewish and Gentile believers. (''See [[Messianic Judaism]]''.) [[Nero]] ascended to the imperial throne after Claudius, and it was under his rule that the church entered a great period of suffering. The early Christians in particular were singled out for persecution, and many were executed during this time. <br />
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While Paul's Epistle to the Romans makes no mention of this, the epistle to the Hebrews ''does'' discuss the persecution, including the vandalism of their homes and even imprisonment, and [[Timothy]] is mentioned as one of the believers who has been imprisoned. However, there is no mention of [[martyr]]s at this time, which further cements the epistle to a definite time around the middle of Nero's reign. The treatment being endured by the church explains the point of the epistle: those members who were Jews could easily escape from the persecution by publicly denying faith in [[Jesus Christ]] and returning to [[Judaism]], which at this time was still legal, while Christianity was not. The letter, then, seems to have been written ''from'' Jerusalem, probably by a Jewish believer who was a pupil of Paul, addressed specifically ''to'' the Jewish members of the church in Rome, as an exhortation to remain firm within the church.<br />
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==Structure and content==<br />
The entire Letter to the Hebrews constitutes a flawlessly-reasoned and impassioned argument against committing [[apostasy]]. The epistle is both letter ''and'' sermon and seems to have been intended to be read in Christian meetings as a sermon. Read as such, it would take around 45 minutes. Chapters 1-10 of the epistle quite clearly emphasize the contrast between the Old and New Testaments and between Judaism and Christianity, and the superior position that the believers are in through having the "Son of God" as their mediator rather than [[angel]]s, the mere ''servants'' of God. The opening of chapter 1 is regarded by most scholars as the finest Greek in the New Testament in terms of its construction, rhythm and sheer beauty, more so even than the more famous passages of Genesis 1:1 and John 1:1:{{quotebox|God, who at sundry times and in divers manners spake in time past unto the fathers by the prophets, Hath in these last days spoken unto us by his Son, whom he hath appointed heir of all things, by whom also he made the worlds; Who being the brightness of his glory, and the express image of his person, and upholding all things by the word of his power, when he had by himself purged our sins, sat down on the right hand of the Majesty on high: <br />
Being made so much better than the angels, as he hath by inheritance obtained a more excellent name than they. (''Heb 1:1-4'')}} <br />
[[Image:Crucifixion of Peter.jpg|right|thumb|200px|The [[apostle]] Simon-Peter was executed by inverted-crucifixion on the orders of Nero soon after the epistle was written]]<br />
The epistle deals significantly with how the Old and New Testaments relate to each other, and meet at the death - the sacrifice - of Jesus. Because of this, it has provided the basis for most interpretative models for Christian understanding of the Old Testament. From the epistle come the concepts:<br />
*the "old" sacrifices had to be repeated - the sacrifice of Jesus is once and everlasting<br />
*the old priests are now no longer required - Jesus as the one High Priest of the order of [[Melchizedek]] has replaced them all<br />
*the old sanctuary had its closed [[tabernacle]] - the new sanctuary has its open throne: all are able to enter the Holy of Holies through Jesus as mediator between man and God.<br />
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The writer uses the allusion of "substance and shadows" - while the ''shadow'' of Jesus is written throughout<ref>Hodgkin, A. M. [http://www.thebookwurm.com/amh_tc.htm ''Christ in All the Scriptures''] (Westwood, NJ; Barbour and Co. Inc; 1989) full text online. Accessed 16 March 2008</ref> the Old Testament, now the ''substance'' has been shown to the people. The epistle is supremely Christ-centered, and it is the only book of the Bible which focuses on his priesthood and his "present" work as intercessor - leading to some scholars to describe it as the "Fifth Gospel" because of its emphasis on His work in the present.<ref>Pawson, J. David, op cit p.1142</ref><br />
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Chapter 11 of the epistle concentrates on [[faith]], and looks back to the great heroes of faith in the Old Testament, using them to inspire and to act as models. Also, there are warnings about losing faith and "backsliding". The warnings are severe, and describe two stages: drifting away, neglecting fellowship with other believers and neglecting faith; and willful, deliberate [[apostasy]] and the denial of Jesus. Fellowship is rightly magnified by the epistle, given the circumstances in which it was written and first meant to be read. It emphasizes that there is safety in fellowship, and that the devil will pick off Christians on their own. When being persecuted, it is important to focus on Jesus, and look to the church "family" for comfort - this message remains as valid for Christians today as it was for the early church under the persecution of Nero.<br />
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==See also==<br />
*[[Mystery:Did Jesus Write the Epistle to the Hebrews?]] <br />
*[[Epistle to the Hebrews (Translated)]] ([[Conservative Bible Project]] translation of this book)<br />
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==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
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==External links==<br />
*[http://biblehub.com/library/pullan/the_books_of_the_new_testament/chapter_xviii_the_epistle_to.htm A fantastic analysis of authorship]<br />
*[http://www.westarkchurchofchrist.org/wings/hebrewsstudy.htm ''Hebrews - A Defense of Christian Faith''] - The Study of Hebrews: Ladies Bible Class, 2 January - 27 March 2001. West-Ark Church of Christ, Fort Smith, Arkansas/Women In God's Service<br />
*[http://www.aquinas.avemaria.edu/Aquinas-Hebrews.pdf ''Commentary By Saint Thomas Aquinas On the Epistle to the Hebrews''] - full text online<br />
*[http://www.iclnet.org/pub/resources/text/ipb-e/epl-cvhebrews.html ''John Calvin: Commentary on Hebrews''] - full text online<br />
*A course on [http://www.tfinney.net/Hebrews/index.html the Epistle to the Hebrews]<br />
{{New Testament Books}}<br />
[[Category:New Testament Books]]<br />
[[Category:Homosexuality]]</div>
Korvex
https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Richard_Carrier&diff=1355585
Richard Carrier
2017-06-21T18:32:59Z
<p>Korvex: </p>
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<div>[[File:Richard Carrier.jpg|thumbnail|165px|right|Richard Carrier]]<br />
'''Richard Carrier''' (born 1969), M.A., M.Phil., Ph.D. History, is an advocate of [[Naturalism (philosophy)|metaphysical naturalism]]. He has written a book, ''Sense and Goodness without [[God]]'' (see also: [[Good without God]]). He is a prominent [[Atheism|atheist]] in the [[Atheist Population|atheist community]] in the [[US]]. <br />
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Carrier advocates the notion that [[Jesus]] likely never existed which is an extreme minority position among historians and contrary to the historical evidence pointing to Jesus being a historical figure (The ''Great Soviet Encyclopedia'', a parcel of the [[propaganda]] of the atheistic, [[communism|communist]] [[Soviet Union]], is the only encyclopedia to ever advocate the Christ myth. <br />
See also: [[Historicity of Jesus]]).<ref>[http://www.tektonics.org/uz/vector01.php A Response to "Why I Don't Buy the Resurrection Story"] by [[JP Holding]]</ref><ref>[http://www.tektonics.org/ezine/carrierindex.html The Incredible Sinking Carrier or, The Impossible Faith Vindicated] by JP Holding</ref><ref>[http://www.bede.org.uk/price1.htm Scholarly opinions on the Jesus Myth]<br />
by Christopher Price</ref><br />
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After Richard Carrier completed his PhD in ancient history at Columbia University in 2008, he decided against attempting to find an academic post and is now a blogger. According to Carrier, "The US economy had just collapsed, and humanities departments had put a freeze on hires,” he explains. “I had also soured on the life of a professor by then, having seen it from the inside.”<ref>[https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/researchers-turn-to-crowdfunding-for-support-outside-universities Researchers turn to crowdfunding for support outside universities]</ref> <br />
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Carrier is a veteran of the United States Coast Guard.<ref>[http://www.richardcarrier.info/cv.pdf Richard C. Carrier, Curriculum Vitae]</ref><br />
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== Richard Carrier, adultery, divorce and polyamory ==<br />
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''See also:'' [[Richard Carrier, adultery, divorce and polyamory]] and [[Atheism, polyamory and other immoral relationships]]<br />
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The atheist Richard Carrier divorced his wife and now practices [[Polyamorous|polyamory]].<ref>[http://freethoughtblogs.com/carrier/archives/6737 Coming Out Poly + A Change of Life Venue]</ref> Before divorcing his wife, he was involved in adulterous affairs.<ref>[http://freethoughtblogs.com/carrier/archives/6737 Coming Out Poly + A Change of Life Venue]</ref> <br />
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The Christtian apologist Jason Engwar at the Christian blog Triablogue wrote:<br />
{{cquote|Richard Carrier has [http://freethoughtblogs.com/carrier/archives/6737 a post up announcing that he's "polyamorous"], which he calls his "sexual orientation". He's been adulterous in his relationship with his wife after cheating on her, and they decided to get a divorce after having tried polyamory for a while. In the thread, he refers to how he has "sympathy for people who cheat on their spouses", how he's come across "many" polyamorists, and how he's become more convinced that "monogamy is the actual problem". So far, most of the responses at his blog are positive.<ref>[http://triablogue.blogspot.com/2015/02/atheism-adultery-polyamory-and-shifting.html Atheism, Adultery, Polyamory, And Shifting Morals]</ref>}} <br />
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See also: <br />
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*[[Atheism, polyamory and other immoral relationships]]<br />
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*[[Richard Carrier, adultery, divorce and polyamory]]<br />
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* [[Atheist marriages]] <br />
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* [[Atheism and marriage]]<br />
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=== Ricard Carrier, Amanda Metskas and polyamory ===<br />
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[[Camp Quest]] is the first residential summer camp in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Ireland, and Norway designed specifically for the children of [[Atheism|atheists]]/[[agnosticism|agnostics]]/[[secular humanism|secular humanists]] and others who hold a [[Philosophical naturalism|naturalistic worldview]]. <br />
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Richard Carrier reported in 2016 that Amanda Metskas, the national Executive Director of Camp Quest, are dating and "she and her husband, August Brunsman, are publicly [[Polyamory|polyamorous]]."<ref>[https://shadowtolight.wordpress.com/2016/06/28/polyamory-and-camp-quest/# Polyamory and Camp Quest]</ref><ref>[https://archive.is/xK0h6#selection-5565.61-5589.301 Richard Carrier quote]</ref><br />
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August Brunsman, her polyamorous husband, is the Executive Director of the [[Secular Student Alliance]]. Carrier was a speaker for the [[Secular Student Alliance]] when he was accused of sexual harassment.<ref>[http://www.thecollegefix.com/post/28009/ Popularizer of social-justice atheism can’t believe he’s accused of sexually harassing students]</ref><ref>[https://shadowtolight.wordpress.com/2016/06/28/polyamory-and-camp-quest/# Polyamory and Camp Quest]</ref><br />
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== Richard Carrier on atheist events and sexual activity ==<br />
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Richard Carrier wrote in a blog post entitled ''Our Mythical Campaign against Sex'':<br />
{{cquote|Polyamory and swinging and even the attending of orgies requires more ethical behavior and more careful attention to boundaries and consent than traditional sexual relationships do. And people who are ethical enough to be accepted in those communities are the very people who get [[Atheism plus|Atheism+]] and why it is needed.<br />
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The bottom line is, we are already enthusiastically in favor of people pursuing all kinds of sexual activities, even at [[Atheist conferences|atheist events]]. Many of our most avid supports are wholeheartedly doing this. The only thing we are concerned about is that people do this ethically, that people don’t use their sex drives as an excuse to harass, harm, or cross boundaries.<ref>[http://freethoughtblogs.com/carrier/archives/4405 Our Mythical Campaign against Sex], Richard Carrier,</ref>}}<br />
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== Richard Carrier and the the Atheism plus movement ==<br />
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Richard Carrier at the launch of the [[Atheism plus]] movement wrote: "I am fully on board. I will provide any intellectual artillery they need to expand this cause and make it successful."<ref>[http://freethoughtblogs.com/carrier/archives/2207 The New Atheism +] by Richard Carrier</ref> <br />
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In October 2014, the popular [[YouTube]] atheist [[Thunderf00t]] commented on how [[Jen McCreight]], the founder of the atheist [[feminism|feminist]] movement [[Atheism plus]] abandoned her movement within two weeks. Thunderfoot also commented on how Richard Carrier "the intellectual artillery" of the movement, quit promoting the movement within a month.<ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=inqcLXNlEes Atheism+ Stream: How SJWs pushed their way into Atheism]</ref><br />
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== Richard Carrier and Antony Flew's Conversion to theism/deism ==<br />
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[[Athanatos Christian Ministries]] wrote concerning the book ''A Defense of the Integrity of [[Antony Flew]]'s "There is a God" From His Own Letters'' by Anthony Horvath: <br />
{{cquote|Famed atheist Antony Flew stunned the world with his repudiation of atheism in favor of deism about 2004 but the reasons for his change were unclear. Finally, in 2007, Flew released his book ''There Is a God: How the World’s Most Notorious Atheist Changed His Mind'' in an attempt to set the record straight.” It was immediately challenged by hostile atheists on a number of grounds, not all of them very charitable. One of the challenges was put forth most prominently by [[PZ Myers]] and Richard Carrier: Flew had lost his mind; the arguments weren’t his at all, but rather were the product of manipulating Christian apologists.<br />
<br />
There is just one teensy-weensy problem with this line of attack. In 2006, before it was even known to the world that Antony Flew would be releasing a book, a Christian apologist and author by the name of Anthony Horvath (Athanatos Christian Ministries) was in correspondence with Dr. Flew. Horvath wrote Flew specifically to ask him to commit his current positions and arguments to written form because even then there was much speculation. The answer was that the book was already in the works!<br />
<br />
The correspondence was brief but turns out to be decisive against those claiming that “There is a God” did not reflect Flew’s actual positions. In this e-book, Horvath releases copies of the original letters along with his lengthy rebuttal to Richard Carrier’s assertions. To date, though Carrier has been made aware of that rebuttal, no answer has been received. And no wonder: these letters settle the matter once and for all.<br />
<br />
For those interested in the best evidence and primary sources in coming to their conclusions, these letters by Flew will be instrumental.<ref>[http://athanatosministries.org/store/products/a-defense-of-the-integrity-of-antony-flews-there-is-a-god-from-his-own-letters ''A Defense of the Integrity of Antony Flew's "There is a God" From His Own Letters''] by Anthony Horvath, Publisher: Athanatos Christian Ministries, September 3, 2011</ref>}}<br />
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== Richard Carrier on Scotch and drinking heavily ==<br />
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{{See also|Richard Carrier on Scotch and drinking heavily}}<br />
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In a blog post devoted to his favorite Scotch, Richard Carrier writes:<br />
{{cquote|I often philosophize about the excellence of Scotch…<br />
<br />
Indeed, the taste and feel of good liquor is the only reason to drink it. Getting tipsy or blasted drunk is just a bonus...<br />
<br />
Anytime you spend the night drinking heavily, chug a tall glass of water before going to bed. Literally, chug the whole thing. Tall glass. Top to bottom...<br />
<br />
Be excellent to each other. And party on. Smartly.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140924035048/http:/freethoughtblogs.com/carrier/archives/4192 My Favorite Scotch] by Richard Carrier</ref>}}<br />
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From his website from the page “Booking Dr. Carrier”, Carrier wrote:<br />
{{cquote|You will have to board me for those extra nights, and I charge only $50 for each additional debate or speaking engagement, but informal events are free (e.g. dinner parties, meet-and-greets, etc.). Just feed me copious amounts of alcohol.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140731014516/http:/www.richardcarrier.info/speaking.html Booking Dr. Carrier]</ref>}}<br />
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In a blog post about a trip to Portland Carrier writes:<br />
{{cquote|Then Saturday (February 28) I will be speaking on “Historical Method and What Makes for a Good Historian” (and saying a lot about Bayesian reasoning!) for the PDX Skeptics in the Pub at the Lucky Lab Pub on Killingsworth (1700 North Killingsworth, Portland) at 7pm. (Much drinking will ensue.)<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150220082223/http:/freethoughtblogs.com/carrier/archives/6767#more-6767 Appearing All Over Portland Next Week!]</ref>}}<br />
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== Education ==<br />
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Carrier has a B.A. in History, with a minor in Classical Civilization, from the University of California at Berkeley (1997), an M.A. in Ancient History from Columbia University (1998), an M.Phil. in Ancient History, from Columbia University (2000), and a Ph.D. in Ancient History from Columbia University (2008).<ref>[http://www.infidels.org/library/modern/richard_carrier/bio.html http://www.infidels.org, ''Brief Biography of Richard Carrier'']</ref><br />
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== External links ==<br />
<br />
*[http://www.tektonics.org/uz/vector01.html Richard Carrier's "Why I Don't Buy the Resurrection Story" -- A Refutation] by [[JP Holding]]<br />
*[http://www.answeringinfidels.com/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=76 Review of Carrier's book Good 'n' Senseless Without God]<br />
*[http://www.michaelnugent.com/2015/04/17/richard-carriers-latest-smears/ Richard Carrier’s latest smears are poorly researched, insulting to women activists, and defamatory] by [[Michael Nugent]]<br />
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WykQiAwVgxg&feature=plcp Richard Carrier vs. William Lane Craig debate, ''Did Jesus Rise from the Dead?'' 2009] - Part one<br />
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nfq_u2apBQM&feature=plcp Richard Carrier vs. William Lane Craig debate, ''Did Jesus Rise from the Dead?'' 2009] - Part two<br />
<br />
Richard Carrier and polyamory:<br />
<br />
*[https://shadowtolight.wordpress.com/2016/06/25/polyamory-gone-wild/ Polyamory Gone Wild]<br />
*[https://deeperwaters.wordpress.com/2015/02/20/along-came-poly/ Along Came Poly], Christian apologist Nick Peters on Richard Carrier's adulterous affairs, adultery and polyamory<br />
<br />
*[http://www.examiner.com/article/atheist-richard-carrier-is-a-polyamorous-dog Atheist Richard Carrier is a polyamorous dog] by [[Ken Ammi]]<br />
<br />
*[http://voxday.blogspot.com/2015/03/a-portrait-in-atheism.html A portrait in petty atheism]<br />
<br />
*[http://voxday.blogspot.com/2015/04/the-decline-and-fall-of-richard-carrier.html The Decline and Fall of Richard Carrier]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Carrier, Richard}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:American Authors]]<br />
[[Category:Atheist Authors]]</div>
Korvex
https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Richard_Carrier&diff=1355583
Richard Carrier
2017-06-21T18:31:56Z
<p>Korvex: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[File:Richard Carrier.jpg|thumbnail|165px|right|Richard Carrier]]<br />
'''Richard Carrier''' (born 1969), M.A., M.Phil., Ph.D. History, is an advocate of [[Naturalism (philosophy)|metaphysical naturalism]]. He has written a book, ''Sense and Goodness without [[God]]'' (see also: [[Good without God]]). He is a prominent [[Atheism|atheist]] in the [[Atheist Population|atheist community]] in the [[US]]. <br />
<br />
Carrier advocates the notion that [[Jesus]] likely never existed which is an extreme minority position among historians and contrary to the historical evidence pointing to Jesus being a historical figure (The ''Great Soviet Encyclopedia'', a parcel of the [[propaganda]] of the atheistic, [[communism|communist]] [[Soviet Union]], is the only encyclopedia to ever advocate the Christ myth. <br />
See also: [[Historicity of Jesus]]).<ref>[http://www.tektonics.org/uz/vector01.php A Response to "Why I Don't Buy the Resurrection Story"] by [[JP Holding]]</ref><ref>[http://www.tektonics.org/ezine/carrierindex.html The Incredible Sinking Carrier or, The Impossible Faith Vindicated] by JP Holding</ref><ref>[http://www.bede.org.uk/price1.htm Scholarly opinions on the Jesus Myth]<br />
by Christopher Price</ref><br />
<br />
After Richard Carrier completed his PhD in ancient history at Columbia University in 2008, he decided against attempting to find an academic post and is now a blogger. According to Carrier, "The US economy had just collapsed, and humanities departments had put a freeze on hires,” he explains. “I had also soured on the life of a professor by then, having seen it from the inside.”<ref>[https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/researchers-turn-to-crowdfunding-for-support-outside-universities Researchers turn to crowdfunding for support outside universities]</ref> <br />
<br />
Carrier is a veteran of the United States Coast Guard.<ref>[http://www.richardcarrier.info/cv.pdf Richard C. Carrier, Curriculum Vitae]</ref><br />
<br />
== Richard Carrier, adultery, divorce and polyamory ==<br />
<br />
''See also:'' [[Richard Carrier, adultery, divorce and polyamory]] and [[Atheism, polyamory and other immoral relationships]]<br />
<br />
The atheist Richard Carrier divorced his wife and now practices [[Polyamorous|polyamory]].<ref>[http://freethoughtblogs.com/carrier/archives/6737 Coming Out Poly + A Change of Life Venue]</ref> Before divorcing his wife, he was involved in adulterous affairs.<ref>[http://freethoughtblogs.com/carrier/archives/6737 Coming Out Poly + A Change of Life Venue]</ref> <br />
<br />
The Christtian apologist Jason Engwar at the Christian blog Triablogue wrote:<br />
{{cquote|Richard Carrier has [http://freethoughtblogs.com/carrier/archives/6737 a post up announcing that he's "polyamorous"], which he calls his "sexual orientation". He's been adulterous in his relationship with his wife, and they decided to get a divorce after having tried polyamory for a while. In the thread, he refers to how he has "sympathy for people who cheat on their spouses", how he's come across "many" polyamorists, and how he's become more convinced that "monogamy is the actual problem". So far, most of the responses at his blog are positive.<ref>[http://triablogue.blogspot.com/2015/02/atheism-adultery-polyamory-and-shifting.html Atheism, Adultery, Polyamory, And Shifting Morals]</ref>}} <br />
<br />
See also: <br />
<br />
*[[Atheism, polyamory and other immoral relationships]]<br />
<br />
*[[Richard Carrier, adultery, divorce and polyamory]]<br />
<br />
* [[Atheist marriages]] <br />
<br />
* [[Atheism and marriage]]<br />
<br />
=== Ricard Carrier, Amanda Metskas and polyamory ===<br />
<br />
[[Camp Quest]] is the first residential summer camp in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Ireland, and Norway designed specifically for the children of [[Atheism|atheists]]/[[agnosticism|agnostics]]/[[secular humanism|secular humanists]] and others who hold a [[Philosophical naturalism|naturalistic worldview]]. <br />
<br />
Richard Carrier reported in 2016 that Amanda Metskas, the national Executive Director of Camp Quest, are dating and "she and her husband, August Brunsman, are publicly [[Polyamory|polyamorous]]."<ref>[https://shadowtolight.wordpress.com/2016/06/28/polyamory-and-camp-quest/# Polyamory and Camp Quest]</ref><ref>[https://archive.is/xK0h6#selection-5565.61-5589.301 Richard Carrier quote]</ref><br />
<br />
August Brunsman, her polyamorous husband, is the Executive Director of the [[Secular Student Alliance]]. Carrier was a speaker for the [[Secular Student Alliance]] when he was accused of sexual harassment.<ref>[http://www.thecollegefix.com/post/28009/ Popularizer of social-justice atheism can’t believe he’s accused of sexually harassing students]</ref><ref>[https://shadowtolight.wordpress.com/2016/06/28/polyamory-and-camp-quest/# Polyamory and Camp Quest]</ref><br />
<br />
== Richard Carrier on atheist events and sexual activity ==<br />
<br />
Richard Carrier wrote in a blog post entitled ''Our Mythical Campaign against Sex'':<br />
{{cquote|Polyamory and swinging and even the attending of orgies requires more ethical behavior and more careful attention to boundaries and consent than traditional sexual relationships do. And people who are ethical enough to be accepted in those communities are the very people who get [[Atheism plus|Atheism+]] and why it is needed.<br />
<br />
The bottom line is, we are already enthusiastically in favor of people pursuing all kinds of sexual activities, even at [[Atheist conferences|atheist events]]. Many of our most avid supports are wholeheartedly doing this. The only thing we are concerned about is that people do this ethically, that people don’t use their sex drives as an excuse to harass, harm, or cross boundaries.<ref>[http://freethoughtblogs.com/carrier/archives/4405 Our Mythical Campaign against Sex], Richard Carrier,</ref>}}<br />
<br />
== Richard Carrier and the the Atheism plus movement ==<br />
<br />
Richard Carrier at the launch of the [[Atheism plus]] movement wrote: "I am fully on board. I will provide any intellectual artillery they need to expand this cause and make it successful."<ref>[http://freethoughtblogs.com/carrier/archives/2207 The New Atheism +] by Richard Carrier</ref> <br />
<br />
In October 2014, the popular [[YouTube]] atheist [[Thunderf00t]] commented on how [[Jen McCreight]], the founder of the atheist [[feminism|feminist]] movement [[Atheism plus]] abandoned her movement within two weeks. Thunderfoot also commented on how Richard Carrier "the intellectual artillery" of the movement, quit promoting the movement within a month.<ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=inqcLXNlEes Atheism+ Stream: How SJWs pushed their way into Atheism]</ref><br />
<br />
== Richard Carrier and Antony Flew's Conversion to theism/deism ==<br />
<br />
[[Athanatos Christian Ministries]] wrote concerning the book ''A Defense of the Integrity of [[Antony Flew]]'s "There is a God" From His Own Letters'' by Anthony Horvath: <br />
{{cquote|Famed atheist Antony Flew stunned the world with his repudiation of atheism in favor of deism about 2004 but the reasons for his change were unclear. Finally, in 2007, Flew released his book ''There Is a God: How the World’s Most Notorious Atheist Changed His Mind'' in an attempt to set the record straight.” It was immediately challenged by hostile atheists on a number of grounds, not all of them very charitable. One of the challenges was put forth most prominently by [[PZ Myers]] and Richard Carrier: Flew had lost his mind; the arguments weren’t his at all, but rather were the product of manipulating Christian apologists.<br />
<br />
There is just one teensy-weensy problem with this line of attack. In 2006, before it was even known to the world that Antony Flew would be releasing a book, a Christian apologist and author by the name of Anthony Horvath (Athanatos Christian Ministries) was in correspondence with Dr. Flew. Horvath wrote Flew specifically to ask him to commit his current positions and arguments to written form because even then there was much speculation. The answer was that the book was already in the works!<br />
<br />
The correspondence was brief but turns out to be decisive against those claiming that “There is a God” did not reflect Flew’s actual positions. In this e-book, Horvath releases copies of the original letters along with his lengthy rebuttal to Richard Carrier’s assertions. To date, though Carrier has been made aware of that rebuttal, no answer has been received. And no wonder: these letters settle the matter once and for all.<br />
<br />
For those interested in the best evidence and primary sources in coming to their conclusions, these letters by Flew will be instrumental.<ref>[http://athanatosministries.org/store/products/a-defense-of-the-integrity-of-antony-flews-there-is-a-god-from-his-own-letters ''A Defense of the Integrity of Antony Flew's "There is a God" From His Own Letters''] by Anthony Horvath, Publisher: Athanatos Christian Ministries, September 3, 2011</ref>}}<br />
<br />
== Richard Carrier on Scotch and drinking heavily ==<br />
<br />
{{See also|Richard Carrier on Scotch and drinking heavily}}<br />
<br />
In a blog post devoted to his favorite Scotch, Richard Carrier writes:<br />
{{cquote|I often philosophize about the excellence of Scotch…<br />
<br />
Indeed, the taste and feel of good liquor is the only reason to drink it. Getting tipsy or blasted drunk is just a bonus...<br />
<br />
Anytime you spend the night drinking heavily, chug a tall glass of water before going to bed. Literally, chug the whole thing. Tall glass. Top to bottom...<br />
<br />
Be excellent to each other. And party on. Smartly.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140924035048/http:/freethoughtblogs.com/carrier/archives/4192 My Favorite Scotch] by Richard Carrier</ref>}}<br />
<br />
From his website from the page “Booking Dr. Carrier”, Carrier wrote:<br />
{{cquote|You will have to board me for those extra nights, and I charge only $50 for each additional debate or speaking engagement, but informal events are free (e.g. dinner parties, meet-and-greets, etc.). Just feed me copious amounts of alcohol.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140731014516/http:/www.richardcarrier.info/speaking.html Booking Dr. Carrier]</ref>}}<br />
<br />
In a blog post about a trip to Portland Carrier writes:<br />
{{cquote|Then Saturday (February 28) I will be speaking on “Historical Method and What Makes for a Good Historian” (and saying a lot about Bayesian reasoning!) for the PDX Skeptics in the Pub at the Lucky Lab Pub on Killingsworth (1700 North Killingsworth, Portland) at 7pm. (Much drinking will ensue.)<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150220082223/http:/freethoughtblogs.com/carrier/archives/6767#more-6767 Appearing All Over Portland Next Week!]</ref>}}<br />
<br />
== Education ==<br />
<br />
Carrier has a B.A. in History, with a minor in Classical Civilization, from the University of California at Berkeley (1997), an M.A. in Ancient History from Columbia University (1998), an M.Phil. in Ancient History, from Columbia University (2000), and a Ph.D. in Ancient History from Columbia University (2008).<ref>[http://www.infidels.org/library/modern/richard_carrier/bio.html http://www.infidels.org, ''Brief Biography of Richard Carrier'']</ref><br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
<br />
*[http://www.tektonics.org/uz/vector01.html Richard Carrier's "Why I Don't Buy the Resurrection Story" -- A Refutation] by [[JP Holding]]<br />
*[http://www.answeringinfidels.com/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=76 Review of Carrier's book Good 'n' Senseless Without God]<br />
*[http://www.michaelnugent.com/2015/04/17/richard-carriers-latest-smears/ Richard Carrier’s latest smears are poorly researched, insulting to women activists, and defamatory] by [[Michael Nugent]]<br />
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WykQiAwVgxg&feature=plcp Richard Carrier vs. William Lane Craig debate, ''Did Jesus Rise from the Dead?'' 2009] - Part one<br />
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nfq_u2apBQM&feature=plcp Richard Carrier vs. William Lane Craig debate, ''Did Jesus Rise from the Dead?'' 2009] - Part two<br />
<br />
Richard Carrier and polyamory:<br />
<br />
*[https://shadowtolight.wordpress.com/2016/06/25/polyamory-gone-wild/ Polyamory Gone Wild]<br />
*[https://deeperwaters.wordpress.com/2015/02/20/along-came-poly/ Along Came Poly], Christian apologist Nick Peters on Richard Carrier's adulterous affairs, adultery and polyamory<br />
<br />
*[http://www.examiner.com/article/atheist-richard-carrier-is-a-polyamorous-dog Atheist Richard Carrier is a polyamorous dog] by [[Ken Ammi]]<br />
<br />
*[http://voxday.blogspot.com/2015/03/a-portrait-in-atheism.html A portrait in petty atheism]<br />
<br />
*[http://voxday.blogspot.com/2015/04/the-decline-and-fall-of-richard-carrier.html The Decline and Fall of Richard Carrier]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Carrier, Richard}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:American Authors]]<br />
[[Category:Atheist Authors]]</div>
Korvex
https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Hebrew_University_of_Jerusalem&diff=1352659
Hebrew University of Jerusalem
2017-06-11T01:31:27Z
<p>Korvex: /* References */</p>
<hr />
<div>[[File:Sherman Bldg.jpg|thumb|right|Hebrew University of Jerusalem]]<br />
The ''Hebrew University of Jerusalem'' is located in [[Jerusalem]], [[Israel]], and is one of the oldest universities in [[Israel]], founded in 1918 and officially opened in 1925.<ref>[http://new.huji.ac.il/en/cpage/449 Hebrew University of Jerusalem - About]</ref> The Hebrew University of Jerusalem is Israel's leading research institution and officially ranked as one of the 100 top universities in the world.<ref>[https://www.timeshighereducation.com/student/news/shanghai-ranking-academic-ranking-world-universities-2016-results-announced#survey-answer Academic Ranking of World Universities 2016 Results Announced]</ref> The Hebrew University of Jerusalem further produces a third of Israel's civilian research and is ranked 12th worldwide in biotechnology patent filing and commercial development.<ref>[https://www.coursera.org/huji Coursera Hebrew University of Jerusalem]</ref> The Hebrew University of Jerusalem boasts 6 campuses, 7 faculties, 14 schools, 23,000 students, 1,000 senior faculty members, 1 Fields Medal in Mathematics winner, and 8 [[Nobel Prize]] winners. Among its founders include [[Albert Einstein]], [[Martin Buber]], [[Chaim Nahman Bialik]], and [[Chaim Weizmann]].<br />
<br />
== Awards ==<br />
<br />
=== Fields Medal in Mathematics ===<br />
[[Elon Lindenstrauss]] of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem received the [[Fields Medal in Mathematics]] in 2010,<ref>[http://new.huji.ac.il/en/winner/551 Prof. Elon Lindenstrauss]</ref> an award that is regarded as the equivalent of a [[Nobel Prize]]. Lindenstrauss was the worlds first Israeli to ever receive this prestigious award,<ref>[http://www.yadhanadiv.org.il/news-item/prof-elon-lindenstrauss-receives-fields-medal-mathematics Prof. Elon Lindenstrauss receives Fields Medal in Mathematics]</ref> and he received it for his "for his achievements in the area of measure rigidity in ergodic theory and their applications to number theory."<ref>see reference 3.</ref><br />
<br />
=== Nobel Prize ===<br />
Eight members of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem have received a Nobel Prize.<br />
<br />
[[Albert Einstein]], one of the most prestigious and well-known scientists to ever live, was the first member of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem to ever receive a Nobel Prize. Einstein received his Nobel Prize in 1921 "for his contribution to theoretical physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect."<ref>[http://new.huji.ac.il/en/winner/334 Prof. Albert Einstein]</ref> <br />
<br />
[[Roger D. Kornberg]] of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2006 "for his studies of the molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription."<ref>[http://new.huji.ac.il/en/winner/549 Prof D. Kornberg]</ref> Kornberg has helped in pioneering the research of the structural biology of macromolecules and our understanding of the basic processes of life.<br />
<br />
[[Aaron Ciechanover]] of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2004 "for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation."<ref>[http://new.huji.ac.il/en/winner/547 Prof. Aaron Ciechanover]</ref> He received the prize along with Prof. Avram Hershko, and his American Colleague Prof. Irwin Rose. Ciechanover has made significant contributions to understanding of the mechanisms of intracellular processes.<br />
<br />
[[Daniel Kahneman]] of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem received the Nobel Prize in Economics in 2002 "for having integrated insights from psychological research into economic science, especially concerning human judgment and decision-making under uncertainty."<ref>[http://new.huji.ac.il/en/winner/545 Prof. Daniel Kahneman]</ref><br />
<br />
[[Ada E. Yonath]] of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2009 "for having described the structure of the ribosome, the body which produces protein in the cell."<ref>[http://new.huji.ac.il/en/winner/543 Prof. Ada E. Yonath]</ref><br />
<br />
[[Avram Hershko]] of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2004, alongside Aaron Ciechanover, "for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation."<ref>[http://new.huji.ac.il/en/winner/541 Prof. Avram Hershko]</ref> Alongside tboth Ciechanover and Hershko, [[Irwin Rose]] was also one of the three collaborators who also received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2004 with them.<br />
<br />
[[David J. Gross]] of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2004 "for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction, the force operating between quarks."<ref>[http://new.huji.ac.il/en/winner/539 Prof. David J. Gross]</ref><br />
<br />
[[Robert J. Aumann]] of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem won the Nobel prize in Economics in 2005 "for having enhanced the understanding of conflict and cooperation through game-theory analysis."<ref>[http://new.huji.ac.il/en/winner/333 Prof. Robert J. Aumann]</ref><br />
<br />
=== Other Awards ===<br />
13 members of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem have won the [[WOLF Prize]],<ref>[http://new.huji.ac.il/en/winners/6222 The WOLF Prize]</ref> 33 members of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem have won the [[EMET Prize]],<ref>[http://new.huji.ac.il/en/winners/6139 The EMET Prize]</ref> 90 members of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem have won the [[Rothschild Prize]],<ref>[http://new.huji.ac.il/en/prizes/109 The Rothschild Prize]</ref> and more than 250 members of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem have won the [[Israel Prize]].<ref>[http://new.huji.ac.il/en/prizes/105 Israel Prize]</ref><br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://new.huji.ac.il/en Official HUJ Page]<br />
*[https://www.coursera.org/huji Coursera HUJ Page]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Universities]]</div>
Korvex
https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=User_talk:King_Conservative&diff=1347436
User talk:King Conservative
2017-05-27T15:46:08Z
<p>Korvex: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{welcome}}<br />
:If you have any questions, feel free to ask me! --[[User:1990&#39;sguy|1990&#39;sguy]] ([[User talk:1990&#39;sguy|talk]]) 17:21, 8 March 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
==Account promoted==<br />
<br />
Your account has been promoted to skip Captcha. Congratulations.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] ([[User talk:Aschlafly|talk]]) 15:21, 9 March 2017 (EST)<br />
: Thanks! :) ([[User:King Conservative|King Conservative]] ([[User talk:King Conservative|talk]]) 15:22, 9 March 2017 (EST)King Conservative)<br />
::Congratulations! Keep up the good work! --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 15:47, 9 March 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
== Tip ==<br />
<br />
Hello King Conservative, thank you for all your edits! I noticed that you have not added sources to your edits. I encourage you to add good sources to those articles and any other big changes you made. Adding sources greatly improves our reputation. Also, it is Commandment #2 in [[Conservapedia:Commandments]], and it really does help in creating good, high-quality articles. Regardless, thank you for you contributions! --[[User:1990&#39;sguy|1990&#39;sguy]] ([[User talk:1990&#39;sguy|talk]]) 18:44, 12 March 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Category:Pro Second Amendment ==<br />
<br />
Hello King Conservative, I noticed that you are adding [[:Category:Pro Second Amendment]] to numerous Republican politicians. While I think it is safe to say that some of them are pro-Second Amendment, others, such as John McCain, George H. W. Bush, and John Kasich, have mixed to negative records on gun rights and thus are not pro-Second Amendment. I also have noticed that you are still not using sources on articles. Adding good sources is Commandment #2 of the Conservapedia Commandments, and it really does make articles have a higher quality when you add sources. Thank you. --[[User:1990&#39;sguy|1990&#39;sguy]] ([[User talk:1990&#39;sguy|talk]]) 10:47, 14 March 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Note on pride ==<br />
<br />
Just something I noticed while going through pages. You write on your page you are a "proud Christian" and "politically incorrect and proud of it". I, too, greatly enjoy being politically incorrect, but I am not 'proud' of it -- because pride is a sin (probably). Take note from the wisdom of the [[Book of Proverbs]] for example, Proverbs 8:13 says "I hate pride and arrogance" and Proverbs 11:2 says "When pride comes, then comes disgrace, but with humility comes wisdom". Humble yourself before God, do not be proud. While you're at it, take a look at [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=James+4%3A6&version=NIV James 4:6]. God bless.[[User:Korvex|Korvex]] ([[User talk:Korvex|talk]]) 11:45, 27 May 2017 (EDT)</div>
Korvex
https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=User_talk:King_Conservative&diff=1347434
User talk:King Conservative
2017-05-27T15:45:17Z
<p>Korvex: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{welcome}}<br />
:If you have any questions, feel free to ask me! --[[User:1990&#39;sguy|1990&#39;sguy]] ([[User talk:1990&#39;sguy|talk]]) 17:21, 8 March 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
==Account promoted==<br />
<br />
Your account has been promoted to skip Captcha. Congratulations.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] ([[User talk:Aschlafly|talk]]) 15:21, 9 March 2017 (EST)<br />
: Thanks! :) ([[User:King Conservative|King Conservative]] ([[User talk:King Conservative|talk]]) 15:22, 9 March 2017 (EST)King Conservative)<br />
::Congratulations! Keep up the good work! --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 15:47, 9 March 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
== Tip ==<br />
<br />
Hello King Conservative, thank you for all your edits! I noticed that you have not added sources to your edits. I encourage you to add good sources to those articles and any other big changes you made. Adding sources greatly improves our reputation. Also, it is Commandment #2 in [[Conservapedia:Commandments]], and it really does help in creating good, high-quality articles. Regardless, thank you for you contributions! --[[User:1990&#39;sguy|1990&#39;sguy]] ([[User talk:1990&#39;sguy|talk]]) 18:44, 12 March 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Category:Pro Second Amendment ==<br />
<br />
Hello King Conservative, I noticed that you are adding [[:Category:Pro Second Amendment]] to numerous Republican politicians. While I think it is safe to say that some of them are pro-Second Amendment, others, such as John McCain, George H. W. Bush, and John Kasich, have mixed to negative records on gun rights and thus are not pro-Second Amendment. I also have noticed that you are still not using sources on articles. Adding good sources is Commandment #2 of the Conservapedia Commandments, and it really does make articles have a higher quality when you add sources. Thank you. --[[User:1990&#39;sguy|1990&#39;sguy]] ([[User talk:1990&#39;sguy|talk]]) 10:47, 14 March 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Note on Political Incorrectness ==<br />
<br />
Just something I noticed while going through pages. You write on your page you are "politically incorrect and '''proud''' of it". I, too, greatly enjoy being politically incorrect, but I am not 'proud' of it -- because pride is a sin (probably). Take note from the wisdom of the [[Book of Proverbs]] for example, Proverbs 8:13 says "I hate pride and arrogance" and Proverbs 11:2 says "When pride comes, then comes disgrace, but with humility comes wisdom". Humble yourself before God, do not be proud. While you're at it, take a look at [https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=James+4%3A6&version=NIV James 4:6]. God bless.[[User:Korvex|Korvex]] ([[User talk:Korvex|talk]]) 11:45, 27 May 2017 (EDT)</div>
Korvex
https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Khirbet_Qeiyafa&diff=1346329
Khirbet Qeiyafa
2017-05-24T21:24:33Z
<p>Korvex: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[File:QEIYAFA C.JPG|thumb|right|Aerial view of Khirbet Qeiyafa]]<br />
<br />
'''Khirbet Qeiyafa'''<ref>[http://qeiyafa.huji.ac.il/ Khirbet Qeiyafa Archaeological Project]</ref> is a major ancient site, located 30km southwest of [[Jerusalem]]. It is located on top of a hill that borders the [[Elah Valley]] to the north, and is thought to be a strategic location in the biblical kingdom of Judah.<ref>see reference 1</ref> The main directors for the excavations of this site were [[Yosef Garfinkel]] of the [[Hebrew University]] and [[Saar Ganor]] of the [[Israel Antiquities Authority]]. Khirbet Qeiyafa has identified it with the biblical city of [[Shaaraim]].<ref>2008. Y. Garfinkel and S. Ganor. "Khirbet Qeiyafa: Sha'arayim". Journal of Hebrew Scriptures 8: Article 22.</ref><br />
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== Features and Description ==<br />
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Located 30km southwest of [[Jerusalem]] and bordering the Elah Valley, Khirbet Qeiyafa was built on bedrock and covers a total area of 2.3 hectares, and is surrounded by enormous fortifications of megalithic stones, stretching around the city over 700m and built in a rough cicle. Excavations have so far uncovered just under 20% of the total area of the site, over 200m of the city wall, and other features including ten houses, two gates and a pillar building. The occupation of Khirbet Qeiyafa lasted between 1020-980 BC,<ref>Garfinkel, Y., and Katharina Streit. "Radiometric Dating of the Iron Age City." Khirbet Qeiyafa 2 (2014): 2009-2013. pg. 368.</ref> when its occupation came to a sudden destruction indicated by "hundreds of restorable pottery vessels, stone utensils and metal objects left on the floors of the houses."<ref>see reference 1.</ref><br />
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Khirbet Qeiyafa is the only known site from the [[First Temple Period]] that has two gates.<ref>Y. Garfinkel, S. Ganor and J.B. Silver, in press. Did the Ancient City of Khirbet Qeiyafa/Sha'arim have two gates? Biblical Archaeology Review.</ref> Both gates are about of the same size with four chambers, and they are located in the south and west of the ancient fortification. Khirbet Qeiyafa also possesses a casemate city wall. The urban planning Khirbet Qeiyafa is only typical of ancient Judahite sites, including Beersheba, Tell Beit Mirsim, Tell en-Nasbeh and Tell Beth-Shemesh, and completely unlike any [[Philistine]] or [[Canaan|Canaanite]] sites.<ref>Garfinkel, Yosef. Data, Paradigms and Paradigm-Collapse Trauma: from Biblical Archaeology to Brutal Biblical Archaeology. 2012.</ref><br />
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== Identification ==<br />
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According to 1 Chronicles 4:31, the occupation of Shaaraim came to an end in the reign of [[David]] (1010-970 BC), coinciding with the destruction date assigned to Khirbet Qeiyafa of 980 BC. Furthermore, the ancient site of Khirbet Qeiyafa has two gates.<ref>see reference 6.</ref> The name Shaaraim means ''two gates''. Both Khirbet Qeiyafa and Shaaraim are Judahite cities. This has lead the identification of Khirbet Qeiyafa with the biblical city of Shaaraim.<br />
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== References == <br />
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{{reflist}}<br />
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[[Category:Biblical Places]]</div>
Korvex
https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Athens&diff=1346186
Athens
2017-05-24T00:58:15Z
<p>Korvex: </p>
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<div>[[Image:Greek_national_costume.jpg|right|180px]]<br />
'''Athens''' is the capital of modern [[Greece]]; it was a famous [[city state]] in its early history. <br />
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Historians have not yet established the date Athens was founded but physical evidence documents a continuous human presence since at least 1,000 B.C. It was named after the Ancient Greek goddess [[Athena]] and was one of leading city-states of Ancient Greece, having a long running rivalry with [[Sparta]]. The city of Athens was taken by the [[Persians]] in 480 B.C. during their war with Greece but was reclaimed near the end of the war.<br />
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The Western notion of [[democracy]] first developed in Athens in the 6th century BC. Since that time, until the end of Antiquity in 5th century A.D., it was a major center of Philosophy, Sciences, and the Arts. Later becoming Christian under [[Roman]] rule, the closure of the [[Plato]]'s Academy by [[Justinian]] (because of its association with paganism) marked the final turning from the ancient ways. Intellectual and artistic activity continued during the [[Byzantine]] period, and masterpieces of Byzantine architecture are still to be seen in Athens. <br />
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Athens re-emerged in the 19th century as the capital of the independent Greek state even though it was little more than a village. The main reason for that is that Athens represented Ancient Greece which was the main (if not the only) period of Greek History that interested the West at the time. Since then, Athens has grown enormously, its population receiving a boost with the arrival of refugees expelled from [[Turkey]] in the 1920s. <br />
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Athens hosted the first modern [[Olympics|Olympic Games]] in 1896, as well as the 2004 Olympic Games.<br />
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[[File:Panoramic view of Athens Greece.jpg]]<br />
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Panoramic view of Athens, Greece.<br />
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== See also ==<br />
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*[[Athens and Jerusalem]]<br />
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[[Category:Urban History]]<br />
[[Category:Ancient Greece]]<br />
[[Category:Greek Cities]]<br />
[[Category:Capital Cities]]<br />
[[Category:Biblical Places]]</div>
Korvex
https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=User:Korvex&diff=1346185
User:Korvex
2017-05-24T00:54:44Z
<p>Korvex: </p>
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<div>Love the Bible! I'm from Syria.<br />
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{{User Christian2|right}}<br />
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I have made significant contributions to the following pages.<br />
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'''Other:'''<br />
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These are pages that I have created but not put much effort in:<br />
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I made and am currently working on this template:<br />
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{{Bible Cities}}<br />
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Personal tasks: create [[Tall el-Hammam]], [[et-Tell]], [[Leen Ritmeyer]], work on [[Gath]]<br />
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My mission on Conservapedia is to produce a highly in-depth archaeological and historical analysis and discussion on the Bible. Therefore, the pages I create and work on, such as those on people, ancient locations, and biblical books, are primarily done to provide a foundation for the historical research on the biblical texts for Conservapedia to stand on.<br />
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I am a sinner and thus I decided to become Christian and ask Jesus Christ to forgive me of my sins.<br />
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For a more professional article of mine published to the worlds most widely read historical encyclopedia, ancient.eu, see:<br />
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Korvex
https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=King_David&diff=1346184
King David
2017-05-24T00:53:10Z
<p>Korvex: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:King David.jpg|right|thumb|300px|King David playing the [[harp]] (Domenico Zampieri 1581-1641)]]<br />
'''David''' (daw-veed', Hebrew: '''דָּוִיד''')<ref>[https://biblehub.com/hebrew/1732.htm Strong's Hebrew Dictionary - 1732. David]</ref> was the second king of [[Israel]] from 1010-970 BC. <br />
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With [[God]]'s help, he defeated [[Goliath]], the [[champion]] of the [[Philistines]]. Later he captured [[Jerusalem]], which he made the capital city of [[Israel]]. David greatly extended the borders of Israel, which he ruled as a united kingdom.<br />
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==Genealogy==<br />
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David was from the tribe of Judah, with his genealogy being given in Ruth 4:18-22. It is held that it is this tribe that Genesis 49:10 speaks of the [[Messiah]] coming from.<ref>http://www.letusreason.org/Juda1.htm</ref> (Genesis 49:10; cf. 2 Samuel 7:12-16; Matt.1:2, Heb. 7:14-17). David was the youngest of 8 sons of Jesse, who also had 2 daughters. (1Sam. 16:8-12; 17:2; 1Chr. 2:13-16<ref>see Keil & Delitzsch, 1Chrn. 2:9-41</ref>) The name ''David'', like the similar name Jedidish (2Sam. 12:25), comes from a root meaning “to love." David is the only person who bears that name in the Bible. David's ancestor Nahshon was chieftain of the whole tribe of Judah, (Num. 1:7; 2:3; 1Chr. 2:10) and brother-in-law of Aaron the high priest. (Exo. 6:23) The name of David's mother is not given, but it is recorded that David later placed his parents under the protection of the king of Moab, which some surmise may indicate that his mother was from that country, as the mother of his grandfather Obed was Ruth the Moabitess.<ref>International Standard Bible Encyclopedia on David, James Orr, M.A., D.D., General Editor</ref> (1Sam. 22:3; 22:1) It appears that David had a devoted father, thus giving David a good spiritual heritage.<br />
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== Life ==<br />
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David was the second king of [[Israel]], after [[Saul]]. David became king at the age of 30, and reigned over Israel for another 40 years before his death, and before his son, [[Solomon]] took his place.<br />
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=== Before becoming King ===<br />
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David cultivated sheep in his youth, which would require both tending to the needs of sheep as well as defending them, not only against marauders from the surrounding deserts, but also from the lions and bears which inhabited the country. This was work which, while then unknown to him, helped prepare him to later defend and lead Israel.<br />
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David was called "the least of his father's household". He was brought into [[Saul|King Saul's]] household to play the harp and to calm Saul's nerves, which had been increasingly troubled since he had sinned against [[God]], and was told by [[Samuel]] that the kingship would be taken from him and given to another by God. David witnessed all of the warriors of [[Israel]] cower before a great Philistine giant, [[Goliath]] who would taunt them daily. David, a young shepherd boy, who had no military training, stood up and accepted Goliath's challenge. Saul offered him his armor, but David declined. David slew Goliath with a sling stone and cut off his head, which motivated the armies of Israel to rise up and scatter the Philistines. Saul became jealous of David and what he had accomplished, especially when he heard the people singing "Saul has slain his thousands, and David, his tens of thousands."<br />
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David continued to play the harp for Saul, but it did not have the same affect. One day when David was playing Saul threw a spear at him to try to kill him; it missed. With the help of Saul's son [[Jonathan]], who was David's best friend, David fled the palace and went into hiding. David fled Israel twice due to being hunted by Saul, gaining refuge with the Philistines. (1Sam. 21:10; Ps. 34:1; 1Sam. 27:1,2) Almost all commentators see these instances as acts of weakness and deception.<ref>Adam Clarke, LL.D., F.S.A, Matthew Henry</ref> During the latter stay in Philistine territory David attacked Canaanites which Israel was to have destroyed previously, while keeping the full reality of it from Achish.<ref>Keil & Delitzsch, 1Sa 27:8-9</ref> As a result of his alliance with the Philistines, David almost became part of the battle in which Saul and Jonathan were slain, but was Providentially delivered from this battle. (1Sam. 29) Being sent back by the Philistine's king Achish, David and his men discovered that the Amalekites had taken captive all their wives, and their sons, and their daughters. At this point, David was in danger of being stoned by his own people, but "David encouraged himself in the LORD his God." (1Sam. 29) Twice David could have killed Saul, and though he was urged to do so, his deep reverence for the Lord's anointed would not allow it. Instead, David cut off a piece of his robe (which he later felt was itself wrong) the first time, and the second time he took Saul's spear and the cruise of water, to demonstrate his innocence to Saul. (1Sam. 24; 26) After the first instance Saul was contrite, but soon he pursued David and his followers again. After the second instance Saul pursued David no more. Finally, Saul and his son Jonathan were killed in battle with the Philistines. (2Sam. 31) David grieved, executed the man that actually killed Saul, and became king of [[Judah]]. (2Sam. 1; 2) There was a long war between the house of Saul and the house of David: but David waxed stronger and stronger, and the house of Saul waxed weaker and weaker. (2Sam. 3:1) Finally Saul's son [[Ish-Bosheth]] was murdered in his own bed. The killers took the head to David seeking a reward, but instead David executed them for unjustly killing their own king. (2Sam. 4) Such killers are set in contrast to David, whose actions show his reverence towards those whom God appointed, and that he was not one who grasped at power or riches.<br />
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===David's character and call===<br />
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David is revealed as a type of person who was "lovable." It is recorded that both Saul and Jonathan loved David, (1Sam. 16:21; 18:1,3; 20:17) as did all Saul's servants, (1Sam. 18:20,28) and all Israel and Judah, (1Sam. 18:16) and Saul's daughter, Michal. (1Sam. 18:20,28) David overall expressed great love for God, love toward others, and even toward personal adversaries, though he was also a mighty man of war. (Ps. 23; 73; 35; 69; 18) In addition, he was a man who served in many functions and situations, and manifested different gifts, and was called "the sweet psalmist of Israel" (2Sam. 23:1,2) who spoke by the Spirit of God.<ref>International Standard Bible Encyclopedia</ref><br />
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Outside of the record of his birth in Ruth 4:17,22, David is first revealed as the one chosen by God to replace king Saul, due to his disobedience, which revealed serious foundational character faults.<ref>Matthew Henry, 1Sam. 13; 15</ref> [[Samuel]], while yet mourning for Saul, is sent by the God of Israel to the house of Jesse the Bethlehemite to anoint a new king, but he is not told which one it is. Saul's jealous character which will later greatly threaten David is seen revealed here by Samuel's response that Saul would kill him if this mission was known to him. The Lord provides the correct context, and Samuel comes to Bethlehem, in which he sanctifies Jesse and his sons, and calls them to the sacrifice. (1Sam. 16:1-5) <br />
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The eldest son of Jesse comes first before Samuel, and prophet that he is, yet Samuel wrongly concludes he must be the Lord's anointed. This results in the famous statement by God, that "man looketh on the outward appearance, but the LORD looketh on the heart." (v. 7) One by one the other sons of Jesse are set before Samuel, but none of them are chosen. David is out keeping the flock, and upon Samuel's inquiry as to whether any more sons remain and insistence that he come, David is called. Here, like as the Bible recorded the appearance of Saul before his anointing, (1Sam. 9:2) so it also notes that David was "goodly" (KJV) and “ruddy”, and of a beautiful countenance. The Lord then tells Samuel to anoint him as “he is the one.” (1Sam. 16:6-13)<br />
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However, the man he is to replace (King Saul), who was once anointed with the [[Holy Spirit]] and became a new man, (1Sam. 10:5-7) now loses this anointing and becomes affected by an evil spirit sent by (or allowed to come by) God in judgment.<ref>Keil & Delitzsch; Dr. John Gill, 1Sam. 16:14</ref> (1Sam. 16:14) Saul's servants close to him discern this and advise he send them to find a man gifted to play the harp, which one of the servants recommends David for. Saul sends for David, and his father sends him off with provisions. At first Saul loves him greatly, and he is appointed Saul's armorbearer. Having found favor in his sight, Saul requests of Jesse that David be allowed to stand before the king on a more permanent basis. (cf. Num. 16:9; Dt. 10:8; Dan. 1:5) <br />
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While David was appointed to be Saul's armorbearer (perhaps one of many), it is not recorded that he served as such in any battles, and the character and ability of David as a soldier is most fully provided in 1 Samuel 17. David's real ministry is manifested as that of his anointed playing of a harp type instrument, which drove the evil spirit away when he played so that Saul became well for a time. (1Sam. 16:14-23) However, as seen in the next chapter where David is back home, his service here appears to have been temporary, perhaps for now going backwards and forwards from Saul to feed his father's sheep in Bethlehem as needed.<ref>Keil & Delitzsch, 1Sa 17:1-54</ref><br />
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===David and Goliath===<br />
{{See also|David and Goliath}}<br />
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[[File:David-goliath.jpg|thumbnail|250px|right|David slew Goliath with a stone from his sling and then beheaded Goliath with a sword.]]<br />
The story of David and [[Goliath]] is one of the most famous stories of the Bible, and reveals much about David's faith and courage. <br />
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The context is that as there was war between Saul and the Philistines (1Sam. 14:52), where the Philistines gathered together for battle against Israel, facing off in the hill region between the mountains of Judah and the plains of Philistia.<ref>Keil & Delitzsch, ibid.</ref> A well armed, literal giant named Goliath taunted Saul's army for 40 days, morning and evening, defying them to provide a man to fight and kill him, with the winner to gain the submission of all their respective opponents. Upon hearing his defiance, the Israelite's were “dismayed, and greatly afraid.” (1 Sam. 17:1-11) <br />
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David entered the battle. He greets and talks to his brethren, but as he does, he hears Goliath speaking his words of defiance. This sends the Israelite's around him fleeing, and they declare what manner of reward Saul shall give to the man who slays Goliath, that of great riches, Saul's daughter in marriage, and freedom from any slavery one might be under. David inquires of this from those close by him, “for who is this uncircumcised Philistine, that he should defy the armies of the living God”, and is it confirmed. When David's oldest brother hears of Davids words, his response is chastisement, accusing David of neglecting his sheep and of ill motives, that of coming just to see the battle. David's response indicates he has heard such before but will not be dissuaded, saying, “What have I now done? Is there not a cause?”, and which question he repeats to others. (1Sam. 17:20-30) However, when King Saul hears of David's words, then he calls for him. To him David asserts there is no cause to fear Goliath, as David “thy servant will go and fight with this Philistine.” Saul protests that his youth disallows fighting such a seasoned man of war, to which David responds by stating how he killed both a lion and a bear who were after his sheep. At this Saul gives David his blessing, and gives David his armor. However, David finds Saul's armor unsuitable for him, burdening him rather than being his defense. Instead, David takes five smooth stones out of the brook, places then in a shepherd's bag, and with his sling in his hand he drew near to the Philistine. (1Sam. 17:32-40)<br />
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Goliath, with his shield bearer, looks around and sees David and scorns the ruddy handsome youth, and drawing closer, expresses that he is insulted that they would send such a lowly warrior. When the Philistine arises, David charges to meet him, grabs his slingshot and launches one stone that hits the Goliath's forehead, who then falls upon his face to the earth. David next uses Goliath's sword to cut off his head, at which point the Philistines flee, with Israel soon in pursuit. David saves both Goliath's head and his armor. (1Sa 17:48-54) That the text (vs. 50,51) says that David “slew” (KJV) the Philistine with the stone, while the next verse attributes the means of death to David cutting off his head, may refer to Goliath being as good as dead from the stone in lieu of what would happen next. (cf. Gn. 20:3)<br />
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===David and Jonathan===<br />
{{See also|David and Jonathan}}<br />
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The committed friendship and Godly brotherly love between these two notable Biblical characters, amidst much danger and stress, makes their story one of the most remarkable ones in the [[Bible]]. The story of their friendship is mainly told in [[I Samuel]], chapters 13-23,31 and 2 Samuel 1, two books which contain the history of the kingdom of God in Israel, from the termination of the age of the judges to the close of the reign of king David.<ref>Keil & Delitzsch</ref><br />
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Both Jonathan and David were daring warriors for Israel in its theocratic kingdom, in the land which formerly was that of Canaan, in which dangerous enemies were yet to be fought. In addition, the paranoia of [[King Saul]] over losing his kingdom to David, who was anointed by God through the prophet Samuel to be king, caused David, and finally his compatriot Jonathan (who recognized his future kingship), to be in danger of life.<br />
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=== David as King ===<br />
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David greatly expanded the borders of Israel, defeating every foe he faced. However, his own life was not without controversy. He lost his child due to his [[adultery]] with [[Bathsheba]]; one of his sons [[Absalom]] killed his brother [[Amnon]] after he raped and discarded his sister [[Tamar]]; later Absalom rebelled against David and forced him to flee. David took back his throne, but Absalom was killed even though David had ordered his life to be spared. David also had to live through a revolt by [[Sheba]], but he too was vanquished. Furthermore, because David sinned in taking a census of the land, 70 thousand people fell to pestilence. And yet through it all, David was called a man after God's own heart, due to his true and deep grievings for his wrongs. In fact, Scripture records that <blockquote>"David did [that which was] right in the eyes of the LORD, and turned not aside from any [thing] that he commanded him all the days of his life, save only in the matter of Uriah the Hittite."<ref>[http://www.blueletterbible.org/cgi-bin/popup.pl?book=1Ki&chapter=15&verse=5&version=kjv#5 I Kings 15:5 (KJV)]</ref></blockquote> David wrote most of the [[Psalms]] in the Bible including the famous Psalm 23, ''The Lord is my Shepherd''<br />
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David died after ruling 40 years, 33 of them in Jerusalem, and set up his son [[Solomon]] as his successor. David was not allowed to build the temple because he was a man of 'blood' (a military commander), but his son could. David was part of the lineage of [[Jesus]].<br />
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==Historical Background==<br />
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=== King David ===<br />
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Between 1966-1998, [[Avraham Biran]] lead excavations at a site known as Tel Dan, located in northern Israel. In 1993, an ancient Aramaic inscription dating to the 9th century BC was found containing thirteen lines of text that mention the 'House of David' (bytdwd).<ref>Biran, Avraham, and Joseph Naveh. "An aramaic stele fragment from Tel Dan." Israel Exploration Journal (1993): 81-98.</ref><ref>Biran, Avraham, and Joseph Naveh. "The Tel Dan inscription: a new fragment." Israel Exploration Journal (1995): 1-18.</ref> Preceding this discovery, the historicity of David was doubted by critics of the historicity of the Bible, however this discovery ended virtually all discussion on the historicity of King David, and is one of the greatest archaeological finds in recent times. One year later, André Lemaire published a paper where he found that the name of David also appears in the Mesha Inscription,<ref>Lemaire, André. "House of David; Restored in Moabite inscription." The Biblical archaeology review 20.3 (1994): 30-37.</ref> which dates to about c. 840 BC. That same year, Émile Puech also independently came to the same conclusion.<ref>La stèle de Dan: Bar Hadad II et la coalition des Omrides et de la maison de David. Revue Biblique 101: 215–41</ref><br />
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The preserved text of the Tel Dan Inscription reads as follows;<br />
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*1. [...] and cut [...]<br />
*2. [...] my father went up [against him when] he fought at [...]<br />
*3. And my father lay down, he went to his [ancestors] and the king of I[s-]<br />
*4. rael entered previously in my father’s land. [And] Hadad made me king.<br />
*5. And Hadad went in front of me, [and] I departed from [the] seven [...-]<br />
*6. s of my kingdom, and I slew [seve]nty kin[gs], who harnessed thou[sands of cha-]<br />
*7. riots and thousands of horsemen. [I killed Jo]ram son of [Ahab]<br />
*8. king of Israel, and [I] killed [Ahaz]iahu son of [Jehoram kin-]<br />
*9. g of the '''House of David'''. And I set [their towns into ruins and turned]<br />
*10. their land into [desolation ...]<br />
*11. other [... and Jehu ru-]<br />
*12. led over Is[rael ... and I laid]<br />
*13. siege upon [...]<br />
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The inscription refers to David and his dynasty ('house of' David). The author of the inscription is supposedly Hazael. Shortly after this inscription was found, a large number of publications appeared on the inscription, and it was soon recognized that the inscription did in fact mention David and confirm his existence, which is now the consensus of scholars.<br />
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=== David and Goliath ===<br />
<br />
Goliath lived in the Philistine city of Gath. In 2005, during excavations at Gath (modern day Tell es-Safi) headed by [[Aren Maier]] at [[Bar-Ilan University]], a Semitic inscription was found dating from the 10th-9th centuries BC, bearing a name was found on a pot that highly resembles 'Goliath'.<ref>Maier, Aren. "An Iron Age IIA Proto-Canaanite, Philistine Inscription and Other New Finds From Tell es-Safi-Gath." Un trabajo presentado en el Encuentro Anual de las American Schools of Oriental Research, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 8 (2005).</ref> Whilst this was not the biblical Goliath, this discovery affirmed that people in Gath during the biblical timeline of David's battle with Goliath did in fact have the name Goliath and names like Goliath, which would not have been known to later authors. Aren Maier notes "What this means is that at the time there were people there named Goliath... It shows us that David and Goliath’s story reflects the cultural reality of the time."<ref>[http://www.nbcnews.com/id/9997587/ns/technology_and_science-science/t/scientists-find-goliath-inscribed-pottery/#.WPaBTIjyvIU Scientists find 'Goliath' inscribed on pottery]</ref> This astonishing discovery provided a historical and cultural background for the story of David's battle with Goliath, and established that the narrative was based in history -- a fact that is very rare for ancient texts.<br />
<br />
=== David's Kingdom ===<br />
<br />
In 2006, Israel Finkelstein and Neil Silberman published a book titled ''David and Solomon: in search of the Bible's sacred kings and the roots of the Western tradition'',<ref>Finkelstein, Israel, and Neil Asher Silberman. David and Solomon: in search of the Bible's sacred kings and the roots of the Western tradition. Simon and Schuster, 2007.</ref> arguing that David did not rule over the great kingdom ascribed to him in the Bible, but rather was a highland chieftain ruling over a small, agrarian society. A number of scholars followed their interpretations, however as recently as 2008, a considerable amount of archaeological finds have been brought forth to challenge their claims, and in fact establish the great kingdoms of David and Solomon.<br />
<br />
Most prominent of these, are excavations of the Judahite city of [[Khirbet Qeiyafa]] lead by [[Yosef Garfinkel]] between 2008-2016. Radiocarbon dates have established a dating for the city of Khirbet Qeiyafa between 1020-980 BC,<ref>Garfinkel, Y., and Katharina Streit. "Radiometric Dating of the Iron Age City." Khirbet Qeiyafa 2 (2014): 2009-2013. pg. 368.</ref> during the rule of David. Khirbet Qeiyafa was a major fortified city, that had two gates. All sites up until that time only had one. Secondly, there was a major administration at Khirbet Qeiyafa that stretched over 10,000 square feet, and the site was built of over 200,000 tons of stone.<ref>[http://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/biblical-sites-places/biblical-archaeology-sites/khirbet-qeiyafa-and-tel-lachish-excavations-explore-early-kingdom-of-judah/ Khirbet Qeiyafa and Tel Lachish Excavations Explore Early Kingdom of Judah]</ref><ref>[http://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/biblical-sites-places/biblical-archaeology-sites/biblical-shaarayim-khirbet-qeiyafa-second-gate/ Biblical Sha’arayim: Khirbet Qeiyafa’s Second Gate Discovered]</ref> This city revealed that that kingdom of Israel at the time was nothing less than a true kingdom, and cast serious doubt on Finkelstein and Silberman's claims. Yosef Garfinkel, director of excavations at Khirbet Qeiyafa, says "Some scholars view King David’s kingdom as a simple agrarian society, sparsely inhabited, with no fortified cities, no administration and no writing… These scholars find it very hard to accept the new discoveries at Qeiyafa, which have completely dismantled these hypotheses."<ref>Garfinkel, Yosef. "The birth and death of biblical minimalism." Biblical Archaeology Review 37.3 (2011): 46-53.</ref> Khirbet Qeiyafa has been identified with the biblical city of [[Shaaraim]] because of its two gates. 'Shaaraim' means 'two gates'.<br />
<br />
More recently, excavations in southern [[Israel]] at the Timna Valley lead by [[Erez Ben-Yosef]], from 2013 and currently ongoing, have also seriously damaged these claims by the Finkelstein, Silberman and their followers. This site dates to the time of David, and primarily during the reign of Solomon. In the Timna Valley, several key findings have been made. One was the discovery of foreign fabrics, which revealed that Israel at the time had complex trading networks.<ref>[http://www.timesofisrael.com/where-solomon-mined-3000-year-old-fashion-collection-unearthed/ Where Solomon mined, 3,000-year-old ‘fashion collection’ unearthed]</ref> Secondly, the Timna Valley is a copper-rich site, and it has been revealed its copper-production in antiquity reached its height dating to the time of Solomon,<ref>Ben-Yosef, Erez, Dafna Langgut, and Lidar Sapir-Hen. "Beyond smelting: New insights on Iron Age (10th c. BCE) metalworkers community from excavations at a gatehouse and associated livestock pens in Timna, Israel." Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 11 (2017): 411-426.</ref> producing an industrial level of copper to fuel nothing less than a kingdom. This revealed that the kingdom of Israel during the reign of David and Solomon was definitely an overwhelming regional power at the time, with an empire resembling that as described in the biblical narrative. Erez Ben-Yosef, director of excavations at the Timna Valley decided that based on these results he had acquired, "The historical accuracy of the Old Testament accounts is debated, but archeology can no longer be used to contradict them".<ref>[http://www.news.com.au/technology/science/archaeology/king-solomons-mines-israeli-archaeologists-say-fortified-trading-post-a-sign-of-his-wealth-power/news-story/6c19bf80a0d6cb2110200a6b74a25fb9 King Solomon’s mines: Israeli archaeologists say fortified trading post a sign of his wealth, power]</ref> Ben-Yosef later continued, "Today, we are discovering more and more evidence of a concentrated, hierarchical society that interacted extensively with its neighbors, which matches up with texts from the Bible and other sources."<ref>[http://www.christianpost.com/news/archaeological-discovery-10th-century-bc-wall-evidence-of-king-davids-battle-in-2-samuel-813-173103/print.html Archaeological Discovery: 10th Century BC Wall Evidence of King David's Battle in 2 Samuel 8:13]</ref>David ruled over a kingdom, and a kingdom would require a king.<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
[[I Samuel]], [[II Samuel]], [[I Kings]]<br />
<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
<br />
== See also ==<br />
<br />
*[[Sculpture]]<br />
*[[House of David]]<br />
*[[Adiabene]]<br />
*[[Literalist Bible chronology]]<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://www.bible-history.com/isbe/D/DAVID/ International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, David]<br />
*[http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1032929.html Recent Archaeological find pointing to support for the Biblical extent and character of David's Kingdom. Shows archaeological approach and limitations]<br />
*[http://bertschlossberg.blogspot.com/ House of David, Fact or Fiction: Now Revealed]<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:David, King}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Ancient History]]<br />
[[Category:Biblical Persons]]<br />
[[Category:Kings of Israel]]<br />
[[Category:Biblical Military Commanders]]<br />
[[Category:Jewish People]]<br />
<br />
{{nb Kings}}</div>
Korvex
https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Conservapedia:Image_upload_requests&diff=1345792
Conservapedia:Image upload requests
2017-05-22T23:17:22Z
<p>Korvex: </p>
<hr />
<div>__NEWSECTIONLINK__<br />
<center><big><big>'''To add a new request, click the button next to the "edit" link that says "add topic"; your request will automatically be placed in the bottom of the page.'''</big></big></center>{{clear}}<br />
:''This page redirects from [[CP:IUR]]''<br />
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[[Conservapedia:Image upload requests/Archive 1|Archive 1]]<br />
[[Conservapedia:Image upload requests/Archive 2|Archive 2]]<br />
[[Conservapedia:Image upload requests/Archive 3|Archive 3]]<br /><br />
[[Conservapedia:Image upload requests/Archive 4|Archive 4]]<br />
[[Conservapedia:Image upload requests/Archive 5|Archive 5]]<br />
[[Conservapedia:Image upload requests/Archive 6|Archive 6]]<br />
[[Conservapedia:Image upload requests/Archive 7|Archive 7]]<br />
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Last change made by {{REVISIONUSER}} on {{REVISIONMONTH}}/{{REVISIONDAY}}/{{REVISIONYEAR}}<br />
==FileZilla==<br />
May I get this screenshot [http://community.archnet.us/conservapedia/images/FileZilla-v3.14.1rev2.jpg] uploaded for [[FileZilla]]? Thanks! --[[User:DavidB4|David B]] ([[User talk:DavidB4|talk]]) 09:15, 12 January 2016 (EST)<br />
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:Done [http://www.conservapedia.com/File:FileZilla-v3.14.1rev2.jpg] --[[User:Jpatt|Jpatt]] ([[User talk:Jpatt|talk]]) 10:05, 15 January 2016 (EST)<br />
::Thanks again!--[[User:DavidB4|David B]] ([[User talk:DavidB4|talk]]) 11:08, 15 January 2016 (EST)<br />
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==Bloatware/Adware==<br />
Could you please upload these 6 images from DavidB4's server? They are examples (nefarious ones!) of bloatware, for the [[Potentially_unwanted_program]] article.<br />
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[http://community.archnet.us/conservapedia/images/bloatware-installscreen1.jpg]<br />
[http://community.archnet.us/conservapedia/images/bloatware-installscreen2.jpg]<br />
[http://community.archnet.us/conservapedia/images/bloatware-installscreen3.jpg]<br />
[http://community.archnet.us/conservapedia/images/bloatware-installscreen4.jpg]<br />
[http://community.archnet.us/conservapedia/images/bloatware-installscreen5.jpg]<br />
[http://community.archnet.us/conservapedia/images/bloatware-adobe.jpg]<br />
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[[User:SamHB|SamHB]] ([[User talk:SamHB|talk]]) 23:09, 21 January 2016 (EST)<br />
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:Got it, will upload as soon as possible.--[[User:Jpatt|Jpatt]] ([[User talk:Jpatt|talk]]) 21:14, 23 January 2016 (EST)<br />
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::Done! [http://www.conservapedia.com/File:Bloatware-installscreen1.jpg] [http://www.conservapedia.com/File:Bloatware-installscreen2.jpg] [http://www.conservapedia.com/File:Bloatware-installscreen3.jpg] [http://www.conservapedia.com/File:Bloatware-installscreen4.jpg] [http://www.conservapedia.com/File:Bloatware-installscreen5.jpg] [http://www.conservapedia.com/File:Bloatware-adobe.jpg] --[[User:Jpatt|Jpatt]] ([[User talk:Jpatt|talk]]) 19:48, 29 January 2016 (EST)<br />
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==[[Windows Essentials]]==<br />
Will you pleas upload [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/8d/Windows_Live_Essentials_Installer.png]? I need it for my new article [[Windows Essentials]]. [[User:U.U|U.U]] ([[User talk:U.U|talk]]) 17:36, 28 January 2016 (EST)<br />
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:'Microsoft product screenshot, used with permission from Microsoft.' --[[User:Jpatt|Jpatt]] ([[User talk:Jpatt|talk]]) 19:27, 29 January 2016 (EST)<br />
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::LIkewise, I need an image for the article [[Inkscape]]. I found one at Wikimedia [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Inkscape_0.48.2_with_Red_Gallardo.svg/800px-Inkscape_0.48.2_with_Red_Gallardo.svg.png]<br />
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:::Done! [http://www.conservapedia.com/File:1280px-Inkscape_0.48.2_with_Red_Gallardo.svg.png] --[[User:Jpatt|Jpatt]] ([[User talk:Jpatt|talk]]) 19:49, 29 January 2016 (EST)<br />
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==Web Browsers==<br />
Hi, can I get these screenshots for [http://community.archnet.us/conservapedia/images/PaleMoon-v26.0.0.jpg Pale Moon], [http://community.archnet.us/conservapedia/images/WaterFox-v43.0.4.png Waterfox], and [http://community.archnet.us/conservapedia/images/Firefox-v43.0.4.jpg the new layout of Firefox] since the current one is rather old? Thanks!--[[User:DavidB4|David B]] ([[User talk:DavidB4|talk]]) 10:36, 29 January 2016 (EST)<br />
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:Done! [http://www.conservapedia.com/File:1280px-Inkscape_0.48.2_with_Red_Gallardo.svg.png] [http://www.conservapedia.com/File:WaterFox-v43.0.4.png] [http://www.conservapedia.com/File:Firefox-v43.0.4.jpg]--[[User:Jpatt|Jpatt]] ([[User talk:Jpatt|talk]]) 19:50, 29 January 2016 (EST)<br />
<br />
==Network logos==<br />
[[CTV]] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CTV_logo.svg], [[MeTV]] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:MeTV.svg] and [[Antenna TV]] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Antenna_TV_logo.svg]. [[User:Northwest|Northwest]] ([[User talk:Northwest|talk]]) 08:00, 30 January 2016 (EST)<br />
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:Done! [http://www.conservapedia.com/File:227px-CTV_logo.svg.png] [http://www.conservapedia.com/File:330px-MeTV.svg.png] [http://www.conservapedia.com/File:Antenna_TV_logo.svg.png] --[[User:Jpatt|Jpatt]] ([[User talk:Jpatt|talk]]) 10:51, 30 January 2016 (EST)<br />
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==[[Google Chrome]]==<br />
Can we upload file [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Conservapedia_in_Google_Chrome.png] for the article [[Google Chrome]]? [[User:U.U|U.U]] ([[User talk:U.U|talk]]) 20:05, 30 January 2016 (EST)<br />
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:Done! [http://www.conservapedia.com/File:Conservapedia_in_Google_Chrome.png]--[[User:Jpatt|Jpatt]] ([[User talk:Jpatt|talk]]) 20:47, 30 January 2016 (EST)<br />
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==More Browsers==<br />
Hi, can I get [http://community.archnet.us/conservapedia/images/Avant%20Browser%20Ultimate%202016%20build2.jpg this] screenshot for [[Avant Browser]] and [http://community.archnet.us/conservapedia/images/Vivaldi%20browser%20v1.0.344.37.JPG this] for [[Vivaldi (web browser)]]? Thanks! --[[User:DavidB4|David B]] ([[User talk:DavidB4|talk]]) 00:29, 2 February 2016 (EST)<br />
Also, would it be legal to make and publish a screenshot of [[Command prompt]]?--[[User:DavidB4|David B]] ([[User talk:DavidB4|talk]]) 14:13, 3 February 2016 (EST)<br />
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:Done [http://www.conservapedia.com/File:Avant_Browser_Ultimate_2016_build2.jpg] [http://www.conservapedia.com/File:Vivaldi_browser_v1.0.344.37.JPG]. Command prompt shouldn't be a problem. --[[User:Jpatt|Jpatt]] ([[User talk:Jpatt|talk]]) 08:12, 7 February 2016 (EST)<br />
<br />
==[[Rubik's Cube]]==<br />
Need [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/Pocket_cube_twisted.jpg], [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/Professor%27s_cube_solved.jpg], [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/Rubik-Wuerfel.jpg], and [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Rubik%27s_cube_almost_solved.svg/480px-Rubik%27s_cube_almost_solved.svg.png] from Wikimedia. [[User:U.U|U.U]] ([[User talk:U.U|talk]]) 23:24, 5 February 2016 (EST)<br />
<br />
:Done [http://www.conservapedia.com/File:Pocket_cube_twisted.jpg] [http://www.conservapedia.com/File:Professor%27s_cube_solved.jpg] [http://www.conservapedia.com/File:Rubik-Wuerfel.jpg] [http://www.conservapedia.com/File:480px-Rubik%27s_cube_almost_solved.svg.png] --[[User:Jpatt|Jpatt]] ([[User talk:Jpatt|talk]]) 08:12, 7 February 2016 (EST)<br />
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==Command Prompt==<br />
I'd like [http://community.archnet.us/conservapedia/images/CMD-on-Win7.jpg| this] for [[Command prompt]]. Thanks!<br />
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:Done! [http://www.conservapedia.com/File:CMD-on-Win7.jpg] --Jpatt 01:17, 15 February 2016 (EST)<br />
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==[[Internet Explorer]]==<br />
This article needs some working on, but can we try to get the permission to use this [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Conservapedia_in_Internet_Explorer.png/800px-Conservapedia_in_Internet_Explorer.png]? [[User:U.U|U.U]] ([[User talk:U.U|talk]]) 17:33, 15 February 2016 (EST)<br />
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:Done! [http://www.conservapedia.com/File:Conservapedia_in_Internet_Explorer.png]--Jpatt 21:20, 22 February 2016 (EST)<br />
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==More "lesser" browsers==<br />
Can I get [http://community.archnet.us/conservapedia/images/Slimjet7.0.8.0.jpg] and [http://community.archnet.us/conservapedia/images/CometBirdv11.0.jpg] uploaded for their respective articles?<br />
Also, these are public domain, but would it be helpful or at least not a problem if I claim copyright on screenshots or at least non-screenshot images (I don't know if I legally can claim it on a screenshot of someone else's program) and grant free use to CP?--[[User:DavidB4|David B]] ([[User talk:DavidB4|talk]]) 09:25, 18 February 2016 (EST)<br />
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:Done! [http://www.conservapedia.com/File:Slimjet7.0.8.0.jpg] [http://www.conservapedia.com/File:CometBirdv11.0.jpg] I wouldn't worry about it. Those companies use open source products of other companies copyright. I've left out 'Release to the public.'--Jpatt 21:24, 22 February 2016 (EST)<br />
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==SeaMonkey==<br />
Hi, can I get [http://community.archnet.us/conservapedia/images/SeaMonkeyBrowser2.39.jpg this] uploaded (as Public Domain) for [[SeaMonkey]]? Thanks!--[[User:DavidB4|David B]] ([[User talk:DavidB4|talk]]) 22:15, 23 February 2016 (EST)<br />
:Scratch that--Mr. Schlafly just gave me upload rights. I've done it myself. [http://www.conservapedia.com/File:SeaMonkey2.39.jpg] --[[User:DavidB4|David B]] ([[User talk:DavidB4|talk]]) 23:37, 23 February 2016 (EST)<br />
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==Barry Setterfield diagrams==<br />
I wonder if you could upload these two diagrams: [http://www.ldolphin.org/setterfield/fig3.jpg] and [http://www.ldolphin.org/setterfield/fig4.jpg]. You'll probably need to give them more specific names, like "setterfieldfigure3" and "setterfieldfigure4". These are for a planned revamp of the "c decay" article. The figures, and the Barry Setterfield paper itself, are on Lambert Dolphin's library, [http://www.ldolphin.org/], which gives permission to quote or use the essays, with reference to the source, which I will give. [[User:SamHB|SamHB]] ([[User talk:SamHB|talk]]) 01:25, 27 February 2016 (EST)<br />
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:Done! [http://www.conservapedia.com/File:Setterfieldfigure3.jpg] [http://www.conservapedia.com/File:Setterfieldfigure4.jpg]--Jpatt 11:05, 27 February 2016 (EST)<br />
==Chrome==<br />
Can we upload this [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/Google_Chrome_icon_%282011%29.png]? [[User:U.U|U.U]] ([[User talk:U.U|talk]]) 19:56, 29 February 2016 (EST)<br />
:Uploaded! [http://www.conservapedia.com/File:Google_Chrome_icon_%282011%29.png] --[[User:DavidB4|David B]] ([[User talk:DavidB4|talk]]) 21:13, 29 February 2016 (EST)<br />
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==[[Minesweeper (video game)]]==<br />
Need this [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/4a/Minesweeper_7.png]. [[User:U.U|U.U]] ([[User talk:U.U|talk]]) 22:08, 29 February 2016 (EST)<br />
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:Can't do "Microsoft product screenshot, used with permission from Microsoft." --Jpatt 19:04, 19 March 2016 (EDT)<br />
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==[[Homeopathy]]==<br />
Please add this [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rhustox.jpg image of a homeopathic remedy]; it's for the article [[homeopathy]].--[[User:Leugen|Leugen]] ([[User talk:Leugen|talk]]) 21:20, 18 March 2016 (EDT)<br />
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:Done! [http://www.conservapedia.com/File:Rhustox.jpg] --Jpatt 19:04, 19 March 2016 (EDT)<br />
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==Michelson and Morley==<br />
Could you please grab [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Albert_Abraham_Michelson2.jpg] and [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edward_Williams_Morley2.jpg]? Cons wants pictures to spice up the relativity articles, and I'm getting tired of seeing Einstein's face. [[User:SamHB|SamHB]] ([[User talk:SamHB|talk]]) 22:13, 5 May 2016 (EDT)<br />
:Not to steal Jpatt's job, but I've uploaded them. Einstein's face does seem to show up an awful lot, doesn't it? These are located here: [[:File:Albert Abraham Michelson2.jpg]] and [[:File:Edward Williams Morley2.jpg]] Of course, they are not protected as admins usually do, since I cannot do this. Fell free to lock them if you wish, Jpatt. --[[User:DavidB4|David B]] ([[User talk:DavidB4|talk]]) 22:30, 5 May 2016 (EDT)<br />
==Conrail map==<br />
Could you please upload https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Conrail_System_Map.PNG it is attributed to user User:CSX,LLC Thank you very much. [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 07:09, 16 May 2016 (EDT)<br />
:Uploaded here: [[:File:Conrail System Map.PNG]] --[[User:DavidB4|David B]] ([[User talk:DavidB4|talk]]) 08:45, 16 May 2016 (EDT)<br />
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==Pastor Don Ohm==<br />
File:Pastor Don Ohm IMG 8750.JPG<br />
<br />
Please download the above to the article [[Don Ohm]] from Wikimedia Commons. [[User:BHathorn|BHathorn]] ([[User talk:BHathorn|talk]]) 10:51, 19 May 2016 (EDT)<br />
:Uploaded here: [[:File:Pastor Don Ohm IMG 8750.JPG]]. It's not on that page yet, but I'll add it later if you don't. --[[User:DavidB4|David B]] ([[User talk:DavidB4|talk]]) 11:48, 19 May 2016 (EDT)<br />
::Update: I added it to that page. --[[User:DavidB4|David B]] ([[User talk:DavidB4|talk]]) 17:46, 19 May 2016 (EDT)<br />
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==CSX map==<br />
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CSX_Transportation#/media/File:CSX_Transportation_system_map.svg public domain. [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 10:15, 19 May 2016 (EDT)<br />
:Sorry for the extra wait. The server is back up, so here's the image: [[:File:CSX Transportation system map.jpeg]] --[[User:DavidB4|David B]] ([[User talk:DavidB4|talk]]) 13:18, 19 May 2016 (EDT)<br />
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==Church pianist Deborah Ohm==<br />
<br />
Please add to the article [[Don Ohm]]:<br />
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File:Church pianist Deborah Ohm IMG 9034.JPG<br />
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Thanks [[User:BHathorn|BHathorn]] ([[User talk:BHathorn|talk]]) 17:31, 29 May 2016 (EDT)<br />
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:Uploaded [[:File:Church pianist Deborah Ohm IMG 9034.JPG|here]] and added to article. --[[User:DavidB4|David B]] ([[User talk:DavidB4|talk]]) 00:33, 31 May 2016 (EDT)<br />
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<br />
==Selective Outrage==<br />
Could someone please upload this file for the in-progress article [[Selective outrage]]? Thanks.<br />
[http://california.politifake.org/image/political/1002/selective-outrage-liberals-obama-miss-california-hypocrisy-political-poster-1266638628.jpg] [[User:TrappedinSF|TrappedinSF]] ([[User talk:TrappedinSF|talk]]) 22:25, 12 June 2016 (EDT)<br />
:I have been unable to find licensing information for this image. Is it available under CC or even Public Domain, or are you hoping to use this under Fair Use? [[User:Jpatt|Jpatt]] might know better than I if we can upload this or not. You could ask him, if you wish. --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 22:17, 10 July 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
==Omar Mateen==<br />
Please: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omar_Mateen#/media/File:Omar_Mateen.jpg [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 07:39, 6 July 2016 (EDT)<br />
:Uploaded to [[:File:Omar_Mateen.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 22:13, 10 July 2016 (EDT)<br />
::Many thanks, [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 00:41, 11 July 2016 (EDT)<br />
==Fructose and BPA==<br />
Please: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Beta-D-Fructofuranose.svg (public domain) and https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:4,4%27-(propane-2,2-diyl)diphenol_200.svg (public domain) [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 22:39, 12 July 2016 (EDT)<br />
:Uploaded! [[:File:Beta-D-Fructofuranose.svg.png]] and [[:File:4,4'-(propane-2,2-diyl)diphenol 200.svg.png]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 23:34, 12 July 2016 (EDT)<br />
==Amir Azarvan==<br />
Please: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Amir_Azarvan.png [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 05:38, 18 July 2016 (EDT)<br />
:Uploaded to [[:File:Amir Azarvan.png]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 08:19, 18 July 2016 (EDT)<br />
==BPS==<br />
Please: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bisphenol_S.svg [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 09:14, 19 July 2016 (EDT)<br />
:Uploaded to [[:File:Bisphenol S.svg.png]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 09:44, 19 July 2016 (EDT)<br />
==UFC==<br />
Please: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Worsham_nearly_thrown_from_cage.jpg [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 08:41, 20 July 2016 (EDT)<br />
:Uploaded here: [[:File:Worsham nearly thrown from cage.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 09:03, 20 July 2016 (EDT)<br />
==University photos==<br />
* https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:UMW_Trinkle_Hall.JPG<br />
* https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Secretary_Kerry_Walks_With_UVA_President_Sullivan.jpg<br />
* https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cornell_University,_Ho_Plaza_and_Sage_Hall.jpg<br />
* File:VT Burruss Hall.jpg Many thanks, [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 13:24, 21 July 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br /><br />
::Uploaded!<br />
*[[:File:UMW_Trinkle_Hall.JPG]]<br />
*[[:File:Secretary Kerry Walks With UVA President Sullivan.jpg]]<br />
*[[:File:Cornell University, Ho Plaza and Sage Hall.jpg]]<br />
*[[:File:VT Burruss Hall.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 13:58, 21 July 2016 (EDT)<br />
==Rule 40==<br />
Please http://rule40.com/assets/rule40_not_pictured.png If you want more than one, visit rule40.com [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 14:02, 31 July 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
:Sorry for the delay on this one, but rule40.com seems not to mention any licensing information. Perhaps we could use it because it is just text, but I'd like to be a bit more sure. Am I missing a license agreement somewhere? --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 08:20, 23 August 2016 (EDT)<br />
::The website created the graphics so that they could be shared as a form of political protest, "download and post generic rule40-safe content to support olympic athletes during the blackout." [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 10:36, 1 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
:::Done: [[:File:Rule40 athlete earning a living... not pictured.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 15:40, 1 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
==Samantha Bee==<br />
This photo of [[Samantha Bee]] [http://screencrush.com/files/2016/04/samantha-bee-pic.jpg] to include in the article about her I'm creating (will probably need trimming in Photoshop). [[User:Northwest|Northwest]] ([[User talk:Northwest|talk]]) 03:11, 23 August 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
:All I'm seeing for licensing of this image is "© 2016 ScreenCrush is part of the ScreenCrush Network, Townsquare Media, Inc. All rights reserved." If that applies to the image, then I can't upload it. Are you aware of other licensing for it? --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 08:23, 23 August 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
::Not that I know of. Maybe there might be other pictures out there that could be used as far as licensing goes. [[User:Northwest|Northwest]] ([[User talk:Northwest|talk]]) 08:33, 23 August 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
:::Okay, would this one do [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Samantha_Bee#/media/File:SamanthaBeeFeb2011.jpg]? --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 08:52, 23 August 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
::::Sure, that'd be fine. [[User:Northwest|Northwest]] ([[User talk:Northwest|talk]]) 09:06, 23 August 2016 (EDT)<br />
Done: [[:File:SamanthaBeeFeb2011.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 09:35, 23 August 2016 (EDT)<br />
:Also, if you want it cropped, I can do that. Just let me know if so! --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 13:01, 23 August 2016 (EDT)<br />
==Science stuff==<br />
Please: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sodium_laurylsulfonate_V.1.svg<br />
Please: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Van_Allen_radiation_belt.svg<br />
Please: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mt._Sulphur_cosmic_ray_observatory.jpg<br />
Thanks, [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 10:41, 1 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
:Done!<br />
*[[:File:Sodium lauryl sulfonate.png]]<br />
*[[:File:Van Allen radiation belt.png]]<br />
*[[:File:Mt. Sulphur cosmic ray observatory.jpg]] <br />
Thanks for your help with [[Sodium lauryl sulfate|SLS]], too! I'd also been planning to add the image, but forgot to. Good thing you thought of it!--[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 12:51, 1 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
==Creationism and politics==<br />
Would it be possible if someone uploads these images to Conservapedia? Some of these images are logos of organizations, but I believe that fair use applies here.<br />
<br />
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SVP_UDC.svg]<br />
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Swiss_Peoples_Party.png]<br />
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Answers_in_Genesis_logo_adopted_2016.png]<br />
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Creation_Museum_Legacy_Hall.jpg]<br />
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BillNyeSG.jpg]<br />
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:KenHam.JPG]<br />
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Institute_for_Creation_Research_logo.jpg]<br />
<br />
Thanks! --[[User:1990&#39;sguy|1990&#39;sguy]] ([[User talk:1990&#39;sguy|talk]]) 18:50, 1 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
:The first two are trademarks and presumably copyrighted. I would like a second opinion or direct permission before uploading those two. Wikipedia can get away with it, but for both moral and legal reasons, I don't want to "push it." The third and seventh I did because I believe we are allies, and they will have no problem with this kind of use for promotion.<br />
:The uploaded ones are:<br />
*[[:File:Answers in Genesis logo adopted 2016.png]]<br />
*[[:File:Creation Museum Legacy Hall.jpg]]<br />
*[[:File:BillNyeSG.jpg]]<br />
*[[:File:KenHam.JPG]]<br />
*[[:File:Institute for Creation Research logo.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 22:45, 1 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
==More politics==<br />
Hopefully someone wouldn't mind uploading these as well. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_Fuller_Court.jpg][https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:John_Marshall_Harlan_1.jpg][https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Larry_McDonald.jpg]<br />
<br />
Thanks! --[[User:1990&#39;sguy|1990&#39;sguy]] ([[User talk:1990&#39;sguy|talk]]) 18:56, 1 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
:Uploaded!<br />
*[[:File:The Fuller Court.jpg]]<br />
*[[:File:John Marshall Harlan 1.jpg]]<br />
*[[:File:Larry McDonald.jpg]]<br />
:I'm always hesitant to claim fair use, but I'll look over and consider the trademarks in your first request. I welcome any second opinions! --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 21:53, 1 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
::Thanks for the uploads! I'll ask Andy if he can help with the two images. --[[User:1990&#39;sguy|1990&#39;sguy]] ([[User talk:1990&#39;sguy|talk]]) 23:06, 2 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
:::I've asked [[User:Jpatt|Jpatt]], who used to be the one uploading images anyway. Lately I've been stealing his job, but I'm sure he has more experience. If you want to ask Andy as well, though fell free to do so! --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 23:14, 2 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
::::Thanks! I didn't see that you already asked Jpatt, and I already asked Andy. --[[User:1990&#39;sguy|1990&#39;sguy]] ([[User talk:1990&#39;sguy|talk]]) 23:18, 2 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
:::::Oh, and I posted after you already asked. Eh, oh well. --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 01:25, 3 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
==Our favorite punching bag==<br />
*Please: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Katherine_Maher.jpg<br />
*Please: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:James_5_(Final_4)aCrop.png name the photo James Heilman<br />
*Please: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rasberry_pi_card.jpg<br />
*Please: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wikimania_2016_-_Board_discussions_1_Transparency_%26_Communication_03.jpg [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 12:38, 4 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
:Uploaded: <br />
:*[[:File:Katherine Maher.jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:James Heilman.png]]<br />
:*[[:File:Rasberry pi card.jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:Wikimania 2016 - Board discussions 1 Transparency & Communication 03.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 23:45, 4 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
==More images==<br />
Would it be OK to upload these images?<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Matt_Bevin_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Greg_Abbott_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tim_Scott,_official_portrait,_113th_Congress.jpg<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Randy_Hultgren_Official_Photo_112.jpg<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:9.12_tea_party_in_DC.jpg<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:TeaPartyRally_-_Searchlight,_Nevada.jpg<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:TeaPartyByFreedomFan.JPG<br />
<br />
Thanks, I hope! --[[User:1990&#39;sguy|1990&#39;sguy]] ([[User talk:1990&#39;sguy|talk]]) 22:33, 6 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
:Uploaded:<br />
:*[[:File:Matt Bevin by Gage Skidmore.jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:Greg Abbott.jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:Tim Scott, official portrait, 113th Congress.jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:Randy Hultgren Official Photo 112.jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:9.12 tea party in DC.jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:TeaPartyRally - Searchlight, Nevada.jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:TeaPartyByFreedomFan.JPG]]<br />
:They were all fine, since none were fully copyrighted. --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 00:07, 7 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
==Historical images==<br />
Would someone please upload these images? Thanks!<br />
<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Roman_Empire_Trajan_117AD.png<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Justinian555AD.png<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Steve_Beshear_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg<br />
<br />
--[[User:1990&#39;sguy|1990&#39;sguy]] ([[User talk:1990&#39;sguy|talk]]) 16:30, 8 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
<br />
:Done! <br />
:*[[:File:Roman Empire Trajan 117AD.png]]<br />
:*[[:File:Justinian555AD.png]]<br />
:*[[:File:Steve Beshear at Microphone.jpg]]<br />
:--[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 20:55, 8 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
==History and Switzerland==<br />
This is a big batch of images. I hope nobody will mind that.<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Statue-Augustus.jpg<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pont_du_Gard_Oct_2007.jpg<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bern_104.jpg<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Landsgemeinde_Glarus_2006.jpg<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Switzerland_-_Air_Force_McDonnell_Douglas_FA-18C_Hornet_-_cropped.jpg<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Aerial_view_of_Zurich.JPG<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20141120_gotthard-basistunnel02-wikipedia-hannes-ortlieb.jpg<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Roman_column_-_Nyon,_Vaud,_Switzerland.jpg<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pz_87_Leopard_-_Seite_-_Schweizer_Armee_-_Steel_Parade_2006.jpg<br />
<br />
Thanks! --[[User:1990&#39;sguy|1990&#39;sguy]] ([[User talk:1990&#39;sguy|talk]]) 23:55, 8 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
:I've uploaded two, but I'm out of time. I'll do the rest tomorrow, unless anyone else does first. (If I don't, remind me!)<br />
:*[[:File:Statue-Augustus.jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:Pont du Gard Oct 2007.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 01:33, 9 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
:And here are the rest:<br />
:*[[:File:Swiss Federal Palace (Bundeshaus) in Berne.jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:Landsgemeinde Glarus 2006.jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:Switzerland - Air Force McDonnell Douglas FA-18C Hornet - cropped.jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:Aerial view of Zurich.JPG]]<br />
:*[[:File:Gotthard-basistunnel02-hannes-ortlieb.jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:Roman column - Nyon, Vaud, Switzerland.jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:Swiss Army. Leopard 2-2A4 tank-Steel Parade 2006.jpg]]<br />
:I am not aware of any space restrictions on CP, so I don't think anyone minds! Just one suggestion: It's fine to use images from Wikipedia/WikiMedia, but to avoid become a WP clone, some people prefer to get some of their images from other sources. You can sometimes find better ones elsewhere anyway. I you wish to keep using Wikipedia, that's fine, but if you are interested in going other places, [[User:Conservative/Free pics|here is a good list of some places to look]]. Keep up the great work! --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 11:26, 9 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
::Thanks! You have a fair point about not making CP a copy of WP. It's just that I also edit Wikipedia, and when I see that a CP article is in need of a good image, the images that are on WP instantly come to mind. I will be requesting a few more WP images in the near future, but I will do better to mind your point. Thanks for the tips! --[[User:1990&#39;sguy|1990&#39;sguy]] ([[User talk:1990&#39;sguy|talk]]) 19:21, 9 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
==More==<br />
*Please: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Greta_Van_Susteren_in_Manchester,_NH.jpg<br />
*Please:https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Manasseh_Cutler_Hall,_Ohio_University.jpg<br />
[[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 10:23, 10 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
:Done:<br />
:*[[:File:Greta Van Susteren in Manchester, NH.jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:Manasseh Cutler Hall, Ohio University.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 12:16, 10 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
==Image requests==<br />
Some more images:<br />
* https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_RNC_July_2016.jpg<br />
* https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_by_Gage_Skidmore_5_(cut).jpg<br />
* https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_and_Mike_Pence_RNC_July_2016.jpg<br />
* https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ted_Cruz_by_Gage_Skidmore_7.jpg<br />
* https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Senator_of_Texas_Ted_Cruz_at_New_England_College_Town_Hall_Meeting_on_Feb_3rd,_2016_by_Michael_Vadon_13.jpg<br />
<br />
--[[User:1990&#39;sguy|1990&#39;sguy]] ([[User talk:1990&#39;sguy|talk]]) 16:02, 10 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
:Done!<br />
:*[[:File:Donald Trump RNC July 2016.jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:Donald Trump Speaking in Fountain Hills.jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:Donald Trump and Mike Pence RNC July 2016.jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:Ted Cruz speaking in Des Moines.jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:Senator of Texas Ted Cruz at New England College Town Hall Meeting.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 17:00, 10 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
Please: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Patrick_Henry.jpg [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 18:49, 10 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
:Done: [[:File:Patrick Henry College.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 21:22, 10 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
Also these images, please:<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:William-Farel.jpg<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:FarelNeuenburg.jpg<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ReformationsdenkmalGenf1.jpg<br />
* https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Z%C3%BCrich.jpg<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Knoxbezaicones.jpg<br />
* https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Geneve_2005_001_Ork.ch.jpg<br />
* https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Basel_Aussicht.JPG<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Werkstatt_von_Lucas_Cranach_d.%C3%84._-_Portr%C3%A4t_des_Philip_Melanchton.jpg<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tyndale_Bible_Stevage.jpeg<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:William_Tyndale.jpg<br />
<br />
--[[User:1990&#39;sguy|1990&#39;sguy]] ([[User talk:1990&#39;sguy|talk]]) 21:28, 10 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
:*[[:File:William-Farel.jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:FarelNeuenburg.jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:Reformation Wall (Reformationsdenkmal Genf).jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:Zürich.jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:Knoxbezaicones.jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:Geneve 2005 001 Ork.ch.jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:Basel Aussicht.JPG]]<br />
:*[[:File:Werkstatt von Lucas Cranach d.Ä. - Porträt des Philip Melanchton.jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:Tyndale Bible Stevage.jpeg]]<br />
:*[[:File:William Tyndale.jpg]]<br />
:Done! --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 01:49, 12 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
==Trump & Pence==<br />
Please upload these:<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_(29273256122)_-_Cropped.jpg<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mike_Pence_by_Gage_Skidmore_6.jpg<br />
--[[User:1990&#39;sguy|1990&#39;sguy]] ([[User talk:1990&#39;sguy|talk]]) 22:30, 16 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
:*[[:File:Donald Trump (29273256122) Phoenix.jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:Mike Pence.jpg]]<br />
:Done! --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 00:34, 17 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
==Politcians==<br />
Please upload these images:<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tom_Cotton_official_Senate_photo.jpg<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Earl_Ray_Tomblin_2.jpg<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Shelley_Moore_Capito_official_Senate_photo.jpg<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Joe_Manchin_official_portrait_112th_Congress.jpg<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Marco_Rubio,_Official_Portrait,_112th_Congress.jpg<br />
* https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Marco_Rubio_(24556513751).jpg<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rand_Paul,_official_portrait,_112th_Congress_alternate.jpg<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rand_Paul_2013_CPAC_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:JebBush.jpg<br />
--[[User:1990&#39;sguy|1990&#39;sguy]] ([[User talk:1990&#39;sguy|talk]]) 23:57, 19 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
:I'm keeping pretty busy right now, but I'll upload as possible. If anyone else helps, it would be appreciated. So far, these have been uploaded:<br />
:*[[:File:Tom Cotton official Senate photo.jpg]]<br />
:--[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 01:40, 20 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
:*[[:File:Earl Ray Tomblin 2.jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:Shelley Moore Capito official Senate photo.jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:Joe Manchin official portrait 112th Congress.jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:Marco Rubio (24556513751).jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:Rand Paul, official portrait, 112th Congress alternate.jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:Rand Paul 2013 CPAC by Gage Skidmore.jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:JebBush.jpg]]<br />
:Done! --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 13:31, 20 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
::Thanks, however, you forgot [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Marco_Rubio,_Official_Portrait,_112th_Congress.jpg this one]. --[[User:1990&#39;sguy|1990&#39;sguy]] ([[User talk:1990&#39;sguy|talk]]) 23:01, 20 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
:::[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Frank_D._White_1995.jpg This one] too in addition to the one above, please. --[[User:1990&#39;sguy|1990&#39;sguy]] ([[User talk:1990&#39;sguy|talk]]) 23:15, 20 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
::::Woops! Thanks for the reminder--it's here: [[:File:Marco Rubio, Official Portrait, 112th Congress.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 23:19, 20 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
:::::Done: [[:File:Frank D. White 1995.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 23:25, 20 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
==Bruce Rauner==<br />
Please:<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Illinois_Governor_Election_Results_by_County,_2014.svg<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bruce_Rauner_2016_cropped.jpg<br />
Thanks! --[[User:1990&#39;sguy|1990&#39;sguy]] ([[User talk:1990&#39;sguy|talk]]) 23:06, 22 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
:This one too please: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:PhilCrane.jpg --[[User:1990&#39;sguy|1990&#39;sguy]] ([[User talk:1990&#39;sguy|talk]]) 23:31, 22 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
::Done:<br />
:*[[:File:Illinois Governor Election Results by County, 2014.svg.png]]<br />
:*[[:File:Bruce Rauner 2016 cropped.jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:Philip Miller.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 00:52, 23 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
::Thanks, however you appear to have misnamed the Phil Crane image. --[[User:1990&#39;sguy|1990&#39;sguy]] ([[User talk:1990&#39;sguy|talk]]) 08:04, 23 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
:::I missed his last name. It's now: [[:File:Philip Miller Crane.jpg]] Is that good? --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 10:38, 23 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
::::Perfect. Thanks! --[[User:1990&#39;sguy|1990&#39;sguy]] ([[User talk:1990&#39;sguy|talk]]) 16:53, 23 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
==Politicians==<br />
Please:<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dave_Brat_official_congressional_photo.jpg<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ken_Buck_official_congressional_photo.jpg<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:DanPatrickSenate.jpg<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Christoph_Blocher_(Bundesrat,_2004).jpg<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cory_Gardner_official_Senate_portrait.jpeg<br />
--[[User:1990&#39;sguy|1990&#39;sguy]] ([[User talk:1990&#39;sguy|talk]]) 18:52, 26 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
:*[[:File:Dave_Brat_official_congressional_photo.jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:Ken Buck official congressional photo.jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:DanPatrickSenate.jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:Christoph Blocher (Bundesrat, 2004).jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:Cory Gardner official Senate portrait.jpeg]]<br />
:Uploaded! --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 20:11, 26 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
==U.S. territories==<br />
Please:<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Guam.svg<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands.svg<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands.svg<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_American_Samoa.svg<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:US_Navy_110821-N-AZ907-015_The_aircraft_carrier_USS_Ronald_Reagan_(CVN_76)_enters_Apra_Harbor_for_a_scheduled_port_visit.jpg<br />
Thanks! --[[User:1990&#39;sguy|1990&#39;sguy]] ([[User talk:1990&#39;sguy|talk]]) 11:40, 1 October 2016 (EDT)<br />
:Would someone upload these images in addition to those above:<br />
:* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nigel_Farage_of_UKIP.jpg<br />
:* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:UKIP_campaigning_in_Newport_High_Street.jpg<br />
:Thanks! --[[User:1990&#39;sguy|1990&#39;sguy]] ([[User talk:1990&#39;sguy|talk]]) 18:53, 4 October 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
::*[[:File:Flag of Guam.svg.png]]<br />
::*[[:File:Flag of the Northern Mariana Islands.svg.png]]<br />
::*[[:File:Flag of the United States Virgin Islands.svg.png]]<br />
::*[[:File:Flag of American Samoa.svg.png]]<br />
::*[[:File:US Navy 110821-N-AZ907-015 The aircraft carrier USS Ronald Reagan (CVN 76) enters Apra Harbor for a scheduled port visit.jpg]]<br />
::*[[:File:Nigel Farage of UKIP.jpg]]<br />
::*[[:File:UKIP campaigning in Newport High Street.jpg]]<br />
::Sorry I didn't get to these sooner. I've been too busy putting out other fires to upload these. --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 22:14, 4 October 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
==Election results==<br />
Please:<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Texas_Governor_Election_Results_by_County,_2014.svg<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:United_Kingdom_EU_referendum_2016_area_results.svg<br />
--[[User:1990&#39;sguy|1990&#39;sguy]] ([[User talk:1990&#39;sguy|talk]]) 17:16, 6 October 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
:*[[:File:Texas Governor Election Results by County, 2014.svg.png]]<br />
:*[[:File:United Kingdom EU referendum 2016 area results.svg.png]]<br />
:Done --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 17:37, 6 October 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
==Swiss People's Party==<br />
Please:<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CHbezirke_110211_SVP.png<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Swiss_party_politics_2007_en.png<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:National_Council_of_Switzerland_2015_election_winner_by_canton.svg<br />
--[[User:1990&#39;sguy|1990&#39;sguy]] ([[User talk:1990&#39;sguy|talk]]) 21:02, 12 October 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
:*[[:File:CHbezirke 110211 SVP.png]]<br />
:*[[:File:Swiss party politics 2007 en.png]]<br />
:*[[:File:National Council of Switzerland 2015 election winner by canton.svg.png]]<br />
:Uploaded --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 00:54, 13 October 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
==Canadian Broadcasting Corporation==<br />
This logo of the [[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]] [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:CBC_Television_2009.svg] (specifically, the logo of CBC Television) to use for its article here. [[User:Northwest|Northwest]] ([[User talk:Northwest|talk]]) 03:10, 13 October 2016 (EDT)<br /><br />
Be carefull, there are copyright and trademark concerns with official logos, and you must have a fair use rationale for each use of the image. Thanks, [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 07:16, 13 October 2016 (EDT)<br /><br />
:Agreed, that's a bit questionable and a little risky. We could just do like Wikipedia, and claim it is in the Public Domain, but it is a registered trademark and they certainly claim copyright on it. In the court of law, perhaps Wikipedia could win, but I doubt it. We could also claim "Fair Use" but this is a poorly defined clause, and could be legally challenged as well. WP gets away with it, but there are a lot of people who want CP gone, so the liberal [[double standard]] may apply here. This isn't my site, so I'm probably not the one who might end up in legal quagmire over it if I did the upload, but I'd rather not risk making a mess for someone else to clean up. If an admin feels differently, though, that's fine with me. --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 13:04, 13 October 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
==Help with "Battle of Long Tan" page infobox==<br />
<br />
Need to replace US flag with Australian flag, and to replace Confederate flag with VC or North Vietnam flag for I copy & pasted info box from the Battle of Gettysburg page.<br />
<br />
Also can we please include the 9th Black & White picture (scroll down) showing Australian troops with captured VC weapons that appears in the following news website: http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-08-18/the-battle-of-long-tan-defining-aspects/7719212 and have it replace the Battle of Gettysburg flag that currently illustrates the [[Battle of Long Tan]] page?--[[User:Paulvani|Paulvani]] ([[User talk:Paulvani|talk]]) 19:38, 20 October 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
:I fixed the infobox. The infobox that was originally on the article was specifically intended for Civil War battles. As for the image, I would prefer that an editor with more knowledge of copyright laws take a look at this request. --[[User:1990&#39;sguy|1990&#39;sguy]] ([[User talk:1990&#39;sguy|talk]]) 22:11, 20 October 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
::Thanks for fixing that, 1990&#39;sguy. Paulvani, ABC tends not to share very well. [http://www.abc.net.au/conditions.htm#UseOfContent Their license] only allow their site content to be used for personal purposes. Republishing is expressly prohibited, so I'm afraid we can't use the image you would like. Can you find something suitable in the Library of Congress archives, WikiMedia, or Flickr? --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 12:51, 21 October 2016 (EDT)<br />
==More requests==<br />
*Please: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Reagan_meets_with_aides_on_Iran-Contra.jpg<br />
*Please: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AdnanKhashoggi06.JPG [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 06:55, 27 October 2016 (EDT)<br />
:*[[:File:Reagan meets with aides on Iran-Contra.jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:AdnanKhashoggi06.JPG]] <br />
:Uploaded --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 11:51, 27 October 2016 (EDT)<br />
* Please: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ErieCanalMap.jpg<br />
<br />
:*[[:File:ErieCanalMap.jpg]] uploaded --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 22:51, 29 October 2016 (EDT)<br />
*Please: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tuscan_archipelago.png [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 05:35, 3 November 2016 (EDT)<br />
*Please: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Spiral-jetty-from-rozel-point.png<br />
*Please: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Great_Salt_Lake_ISS_2003.jpg<br />
*Please: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:PugetSound-NASA.jpg [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 10:43, 3 November 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
:*[[:File:Tuscan_archipelago.png]]<br />
:*[[:File:Spiral-jetty-from-rozel-point.png]]<br />
:*[[:File:Great Salt Lake ISS 2003.jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:PugetSound-NASA.jpg]] <br />
:Uploaded! --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 11:30, 3 November 2016 (EDT)<br />
*Please: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Corsica_in_France_2016.svg [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 21:34, 4 November 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
:Done: [[:File:Corsica in France 2016.svg.png]]--[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 16:28, 5 November 2016 (EDT)<br />
*Urgent: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral_College_(United_States)#/media/File:Electoral_map_2012-2020.svg<br />
The numbers on the 2008 map currently used on this wiki are out-of-date. [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 13:03, 8 November 2016 (EST)<br />
<br />
:Done: [[:File:Electoral map 2012-2020.svg.png]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 13:42, 8 November 2016 (EST)<br />
:I also updated the image on [[Electoral College]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 14:13, 8 November 2016 (EST)<br />
*Please: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Brnmasonictemp.jpg [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 03:03, 12 November 2016 (EST)<br />
:Done [[:File:Brownsville Masonic Temple.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 01:20, 17 November 2016 (EST)<br />
*Please: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Trujillo_1952.jpg<br />
*Please: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:StateCapitolIndiana.jpg [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 11:30, 1 December 2016 (EST)<br />
<br />
:*[[:File:IndianaStateCapitol.jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:Trujillo 1952.jpg]]<br />
::Done! --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 12:56, 1 December 2016 (EST)<br />
<br />
==Math images==<br />
Please upload the ten math diagrams at http://thermo4thermo.org/math_images/ . Thanks in advance.--[[User:Amorrow|Amorrow]] ([[User talk:Amorrow|talk]]) 23:10, 3 December 2016 (EST)<br />
<br />
:Glad too, just one question: Are you releasing these to public domain, or do you want to put restrictions on them? --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 23:40, 3 December 2016 (EST)<br />
::AWM asserts no restrictions.--[[User:Amorrow|Amorrow]] ([[User talk:Amorrow|talk]]) 12:18, 4 December 2016 (EST)<br />
<br />
:::Uploaded: [[:File:1 over x integral.png]], [[:File:Derivative1.png]], [[:File:Exponential.png]], [[:File:Illustration-for-leibniz-product-rule.png]], [[:File:Integral as region under curve.png]], [[:File:Integral example.png]], [[:File:RandLintegrals.png]], [[:File:Sine cosine one period.png]], and [[:File:Y=x^2.png]]<br />
:::I did not upload your Logarithm image yet, because we already have a similar image, [[:File:Log.png]]. Is that file fine, or do you want yours as well? Either option is okay. --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 00:44, 5 December 2016 (EST)<br />
<br />
::::That images suffices. Thank you.--[[User:Amorrow|Amorrow]] ([[User talk:Amorrow|talk]]) 13:43, 5 December 2016 (EST)<br />
<br />
==Rafael Trujillo==<br />
Please upload [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rafael_Trujillo_1933.jpg this stamp from 1933] for the article "[[Rafael Trujillo]]". Thank you!--[[User:SWAJCAHL&#38;S|SWAJCAHL&#38;S]] ([[User talk:SWAJCAHL&#38;S|talk]]) 15:43, 5 December 2016 (EST)<br />
<br />
== Martin Bucer ==<br />
<br />
I have the ability to upload images, but because I am not an expert at copyright laws, I would like someone else to upload this image. I believe this image is public domain in the U.S. (unless I happen to be mistaken), but because it has some tag, I don't want to make some mistake if I upload it.<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Martin_Bucer.png<br />
Thank you. --[[User:1990&#39;sguy|1990&#39;sguy]] ([[User talk:1990&#39;sguy|talk]]) 22:46, 22 December 2016 (EST)<br />
:Conservapedia is hosted in the U.S., so it should be okay for us to use this image. Of course, I could be mistaken too, but I think it's fine. In any case, it never hurts to ask! Uploaded as [[:File:Martin Bucer.png]]. --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 23:19, 22 December 2016 (EST)<br />
::Thank you. One thing I noticed is that the tag on the uploaded image states that the public domain status "applies worldwide", when that does not appear to be the case. --[[User:1990&#39;sguy|1990&#39;sguy]] ([[User talk:1990&#39;sguy|talk]]) 08:36, 23 December 2016 (EST)<br />
:::Good catch, thanks for mentioning that. I should have noticed--that was sloppy. I've removed the template, so they'll need to read the text now. ;) --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 12:57, 23 December 2016 (EST)<br />
::::The artist René Boyvin died in 1598, so this should be good throughout the world.<br />
<br />
Please: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chalk.jpg [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 23:13, 1 January 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
:::::Hmm... sounds like I (or someone else) can change than then. Anyway, I've uploaded [[:File:Chalk.jpg]]. Sorry for the wait, but I missed seeing this when you first posted it. --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 11:09, 4 January 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
== image upload request ==<br />
<br />
I request that the first image on http://thermo4thermo.org/math_images/index.html be uploaded.--[[User:Amorrow|Amorrow]] ([[User talk:Amorrow|talk]]) 16:17, 4 January 2017 (EST)<br />
:Uploaded: [[:File:Integral approximations.png]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 19:18, 4 January 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
== Just curious ==<br />
Is it OK to upload book covers or movie posters to CP? --[[User:1990&#39;sguy|1990&#39;sguy]] ([[User talk:1990&#39;sguy|talk]]) 10:11, 5 January 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
:Probably the same copyright rules apply to these. Fair use may be an arguable point, since the covers/posters are meant to promote the content, so if anything it would help them for us to use it. However, you will often find inside the cover of a book that the cover art is copyrighted by xyz person, so that should to be respected. Probably only cover art in the public domain should be used, which can be tricky to even recognize since even if the book is, the cover have have been redesigned. It would be great if they could be used under fair use, but I'd want an admin's approval for that beforehand. --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 10:45, 5 January 2017 (EST)<br />
::Cover art is rarely public domain. Even the photo of the author is virtually always copyrighted as a part of the book. Movie posters are protected by copyright as well, but you can contact the movie studio for permission. [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 07:03, 6 January 2017 (EST)<br />
==Pipe==<br />
Please: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:VolcanicPipe.jpg attribute to User:Asbestos<br />
[[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 07:03, 6 January 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
:Uploaded as [[:File:VolcanicPipe.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 16:06, 6 January 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
Please: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ingersoll_statue.jpg [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 14:32, 11 January 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
:Uploaded as [[:File:Ingersoll statue.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 15:09, 11 January 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
Please: File:Ball's Bluff National Cemetery.jpg [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 01:13, 14 January 2017 (EST)<br />
:Uploaded [[:File:Ball's Bluff National Cemetery.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 16:44, 14 January 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
Please: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Increase2.svg<br />
Please: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Decrease2.svg<br />
Please: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steady2.svg [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 19:26, 14 January 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
:Done: [[:File:Increase2.svg.png]] [[:File:Decrease2.svg.png]] and [[:File:Steady2.svg.png]] I still don't know how to upload multiple resolutions of an image here, so I used mid-range size. --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 19:42, 14 January 2017 (EST)<br />
::Thanks. If you upload it as an svg file, do you have to worry about resolution, since it is vector graphics? [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 22:36, 14 January 2017 (EST)<br />
:::That may be true, but I'm not even sure if it came through properly as a vector image. The site seems to see them as just png files. Maybe I'm wrong, though. --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 00:17, 15 January 2017 (EST)<br />
::::Are you downloading the svg images from Commons or just doing a screen capture? [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 03:05, 15 January 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
Please: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Decrease_Positive.svg and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Increase_Negative.svg [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 03:05, 15 January 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
:Sorry for the wait, and thank for mentioning it, [[User:1990&#39;sguy|1990&#39;sguy]]. I am downloading the files directly from the site. Files uploaded to: [[:File:Increase Negative.svg.png]] and [[:File:Decrease Positive.svg.png]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 23:22, 19 January 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
==Upload reques==<br />
Please help to upload these copyright free images For the article [[Ehsan Sehgal]]. Thanks. [[User:JusticeOfJustice|JusticeOfJustice]] ([[User talk:JusticeOfJustice|talk]]) 03:05, 19 January 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
[https://www.flickr.com/photos/128689506@N04/15802010936/in/photolist-q5nrjq-pPqxkZ-pPpdT1-q4GBCQ-pa1qwS-q46xRw-pPse7y-pNRwi7-pPnaRp-pPrZUm-q6MDb6-p9ZQv5-pa3BjP-pa1ddo-pa4bcT-p9ZV4o-pNNDeW-pQ8hLQ-pPqRez-p9pCjj-q6Ms72-pPn9nT-pPnqS6-pPshx1-q6CeTD-pPncG8-pNRydQ-pPngwn-pPqt5e-pa3TYa-q4GfsJ-p9pzbq-q6BA6V-pNLQur-p9po3J-pa47Ja-q4GE6A-q6MyAK-p9p2n5-p9ZWWS-p9ppr5-pPsm2W-pNL1mx-pPqHAt-q62iBk-pPnB2z-pa45U8-q6VsQY-pPmYie-q4GDwQ 1]<br />
<br />
[https://www.flickr.com/photos/128689506@N04/15625764908/in/photolist-pNRydQ-pPngwn-pPqt5e-pa3TYa-q4GfsJ-p9pzbq-q6BA6V-pNLQur-p9po3J-pa47Ja-q4GE6A-q6MyAK-p9p2n5-p9ZWWS-p9ppr5-pPsm2W-pNL1mx-pPqHAt-q62iBk-pPnB2z-pa45U8-q6VsQY-pPmYie-q4GDwQ-pPqA6D-p9ZN4m-q5nFZC-q6MFQe-paHNH2-p9ZNEb-q5nHgL-pNNhDs-pQ5AAS-q7hWbX-pQ6EdZ-q4GoWs-paF4HQ-q7i8og-q6MDHi-pPq8en-q6c4PK-pQ3oj2-q6Mbhr-q7sF1R-q7hZf2-pPs3k3-q6VrYs-pPqgTB-q62fNK-pNN8vN 2]<br />
<br />
[https://www.flickr.com/photos/128689506@N04/15626442060/in/photolist-pNRANQ-pa3JUD-pPmUhi-pNNKkU-pNRBW1-pQ3gy8-pa492k-q6VDn9-q5nCXW-q6MooR-pPp2zj-pPsinN-q4Gi6u-pPmWaX-pa134f-pPrTHy-pNQ21i-q6BJJB-pPsqUG-pPsa3m-pPnnXD-q4Gy21-q6Cazi-q6BAYM-pPqTWP-q6VGWd-q6jTFE-q4GwGs-pPpcsL-q46FXw-pPp5oA-q6MMVF-q5nrjq-pPqxkZ-pPpdT1-q4GBCQ-pa1qwS-q46xRw-pPse7y-pNRwi7-pPnaRp-pPrZUm-q6MDb6-p9ZQv5-pa3BjP-pa1ddo-pa4bcT-p9ZV4o-pNNDeW-pQ8hLQ 3].<br />
<br />
<br />
:Uploaded: [[:File:Ehsan_Sehgal.jpg]], [[:File:Ehsan_Sehgal_2.jpg]], and [[:File:Ehsan_Sehgal_3.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 11:41, 19 January 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
:: Thank you very much, [[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]]. [[User:JusticeOfJustice|JusticeOfJustice]] ([[User talk:JusticeOfJustice|talk]]) 12:27, 19 January 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
:::DavidB4, did you see JDano's pending requests just above? --[[User:1990&#39;sguy|1990&#39;sguy]] ([[User talk:1990&#39;sguy|talk]]) 16:45, 19 January 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
== Update math image ==<br />
<br />
Please update one image from: http://thermo4thermo.org/math_images/ . Specifically: http://thermo4thermo.org/math_images/Log_fix.png . Please use it to update http://www.conservapedia.com/File:Log.png , which has an error in the legend.--[[User:Amorrow|Amorrow]] ([[User talk:Amorrow|talk]]) 19:55, 27 January 2017 (EST)<br />
:I'd be happy to if I could, but the page is protected. A full admin will need to unlock it. Perhaps ask Andy directly? --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 00:49, 28 January 2017 (EST)<br />
==Oval Office==<br />
Please: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:White_House_West_Wing_-_1st_Floor_with_the_Oval_Office_highlighted.png<br />
<br />
Please: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AshLawnHighlandrear.jpg [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 05:58, 1 February 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
:Uploaded as [[:File:White House West Wing - 1st Floor with the Oval Office highlighted.png]] and [[:File:Ash Lawn Highland rear.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 11:30, 1 February 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
Please: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Liz_Cheney_official_portrait.jpg [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 12:46, 1 February 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
:Uploaded as [[:File:Liz Cheney official portrait.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 18:12, 1 February 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
Please: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guy_Verhofstadt_EP_press_conference_3.jpg [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 05:04, 7 February 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
:Uploaded as [[:File:Guy Verhofstadt EP press conference 3.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 11:18, 7 February 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
== European Politicians ==<br />
<br />
Its's better in the article.<br />
<br />
So please this for the follow articles:<br />
<br />
:[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Orbán#/media/File:Viktor_Orbán_2016-02-17.jpg]<br />
:[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Zhirinovsky#/media/File:LDPR_Vladimir_Zhirinovsky_MoscowTass_08-2016.jpg]<br />
:[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silvio_Berlusconi#/media/File:Silvio_Berlusconi_(2010)_cropped.jpg] <br />
:[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geert_Wilders#/media/File:GW-Rotterdam-DSC_0218.jpg]<br />
:[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan#/media/File:Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan_June_2015.jpg]<br />
<br />
Regards, [[User:YortKeldher|YortKeldher]] ([[User talk:YortKeldher|talk]]) 15:19, 7 February 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
::Uploaded:<br />
::[[:File:Viktor Orbán 2016-02-17.jpg]]<br />
::[[:File:LDPR Vladimir Zhirinovsky MoscowTass 08-2016.jpg]]<br />
::[[:File:Silvio Berlusconi (2010) cropped.jpg]]<br />
::[[:File:Rotterdam-DSC.jpg]]<br />
::[[:File:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan June 2015.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 23:53, 8 February 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
Please: http://www.warren.senate.gov/files/images/Official%20Portrait.jpg not copyrighted government work. [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 13:25, 8 February 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
:Uploaded as: [[:File:Elizabeth Warren Official Portrait.jpg]]<br />
<br />
Please: http://www.markey.senate.gov/imo/media/image/Markey_Ed-092013-18046-0006-rh.jpg not copyrighted government work. [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 13:28, 8 February 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
:Uploaded [[:File:Markey Ed-092013-18046-0006.jpg]]<br />
<br />
Please:https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Neil_Gorsuch_10th_Circuit.jpg not copyrighted governmentwork. [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 23:35, 8 February 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
:Uploaded [[:File:Neil Gorsuch 10th Circuit.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 23:53, 8 February 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
== European cities==<br />
So please,<br />
<br />
* [https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milan#/media/File:Facade_-_Duomo_-_Milan_2014_%289%29.JPG This one]<br />
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milan#/media/File:Wide_angle_Milan_skyline_from_Duomo_roof.jpg Milan wide]<br />
<br />
Regards, [[User:YortKeldher|YortKeldher]] ([[User talk:YortKeldher|talk]]) 08:22, 12 February 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
Please: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wyspy_Normandzkie.png [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 23:43, 12 February 2017 (EST)<br />
:YortKeldher, I've uploaded those two as:<br />
:*[[:File:Facade - Duomo - Milan 2014 (9).JPG]]<br />
:*[[:File:Milan skyline wide from Duomo roof.jpg]]<br />
<br />
:JDano, that one is uploaded as [[:File:Wyspy Normandzkie.png]]<br />
:Cheers! --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 00:14, 13 February 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
Please: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lucy_Burns_1913.jpg So old it is public domain [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 06:22, 13 February 2017 (EST)<br />
:Uploaded as [[:File:Lucy Burns 1913.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 13:12, 13 February 2017 (EST) <br />
<br />
Please: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Crispr.png attribution required. Thanks, [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 18:05, 14 February 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
:Uploaded as [[:File:Crispr.png]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 20:12, 14 February 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
Additional: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Petersburg#/media/File:SBP_Montage_2016.png this one] please. [[User:YortKeldher|YortKeldher]] ([[User talk:YortKeldher|talk]]) 11:05, 4 March 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
==One new request==<br />
<br />
:[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B61_nuclear_bomb#/media/File:B-61_bomb_(DOE).jpg This one] please, [[User:YortKeldher|YortKeldher]] ([[User talk:YortKeldher|talk]]) 03:11, 15 February 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
::Uploaded as [[:File:B-61 bomb.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 11:11, 15 February 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
Please: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Disputed_Toledo_Strip.png attribute to user Drdpw. [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 01:33, 16 February 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
:[[:File:Disputed Toledo Strip.png]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 02:12, 16 February 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
Please: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:U.S._vs._Julius_%26_Ethel_Rosenberg_and_Martin_Sobell,_Government_Exhibit_5,_photograph_of_Harry_Gold_-_NARA_-_278750.jpg [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 22:36, 16 February 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
Please: https://www.hassan.senate.gov/sites/default/files/Maggie-Hassan-Official-Port.jpg [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 21:52, 17 February 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
Please: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fluss-lv-D%C3%BCna.png [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 09:12, 20 February 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
:Uploaded:<br />
*[[:File:U.S. vs. Julius & Ethel Rosenberg and Martin Sobell, Government Exhibit 5, photograph of Harry Gold - NARA - 278750.jpg]]<br />
*[[:File:Maggie-Hassan-Official-Port.jpg]]<br />
*[[:File:Fluss-lv-Düna.png]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 15:00, 20 February 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
== LedgerLite Screenshot ==<br />
<br />
Please: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:LedgerLite_Screenshot.jpg [[User:Matthew Jenkinson|Matthew Jenkinson]] ([[User talk:Matthew Jenkinson|talk]]) 22:26, 19 February 2017 (EST)<br />
:I'm somewhat concerned about the notability of the article [[LedgerLite]], and thus hesitant to upload this. This does not seem like something as well suited for an encyclopedia as for a software retailer's directory. It also reads more like an advertisement that an encyclopedia article. We do have pages on some paid software, but only when it is very well know and recognized. Millions of people have Microsoft Excel, for example, but what about this? --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 15:05, 20 February 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
==Need to "Sex Up" page to do with the Tunisian Campaign==<br />
<br />
Tried to upload following photo for [[Tunisian Campaign]] but failed [url=http://postimg.org/image/o27gi2ob7/][img]http://s21.postimg.org/o27gi2ob7/363_001.jpg[/img][/url] I would also like to add photos to do with the British, American and German forces.--[[User:Raymondo|Raymondo]] ([[User talk:Raymondo|talk]]) 20:42, 20 February 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
:Well, you came to the right place! Upload rights are restricted on CP, and given out as a privilege to some users. Just post requests here, and someone with upload rights will try to assist you. Regarding this image, it looks like it must be out of copyright, but do you know for sure if this is the case? It is always best when license info is provided with the photo, like Flickr and WikiMedia do, but we can work with it as long as we are sure we're not breaking copyright. --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 22:57, 20 February 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
Please: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Carte_Skagerrak-Kattegat2.png attribution required. [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 20:31, 21 February 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
:[[:File:Carte Skagerrak-Kattegat2.png]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 00:01, 22 February 2017 (EST)<br />
Please: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Thomas_Perez,_Assistant_Attorney_General_for_Civil_Rights,_official_portrait.jpg [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 00:38, 27 February 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
:[[:File:Thomas Perez, Assistant Attorney General for Civil Rights, official portrait.jpg]] Done --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 12:16, 27 February 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
== Royalties ==<br />
<br />
Please these:<br />
<br />
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles,_Prince_of_Wales#/media/File:Charles,_Prince_of_Wales_at_COP21.jpg]<br />
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Bernhard_of_Lippe-Biesterfeld#/media/File:Prince_Bernhard_1942.jpg]<br />
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beatrix_of_the_Netherlands#/media/File:Prinses-beatrix-okt-15-s.jpg]<br />
<br />
Regards, [[User:YortKeldher|YortKeldher]] ([[User talk:YortKeldher|talk]]) 08:31, 27 February 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
:Uploaded as [[:File:Charles, Prince of Wales at COP21.jpg]], [[:File:Prince Bernhard 1942.jpg]], and [[:File:Prinses-beatrix-okt-15-s.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 12:30, 27 February 2017 (EST)<br />
==JFK==<br />
Please: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Airports_New_York_City_Map_Julius_Schorzman.png [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 07:34, 3 March 2017 (EST)<br />
:[[:File:Airports New York City Map.png]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 11:27, 3 March 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
== Aviation ==<br />
<br />
Hi, I've been starting a couple aviation articles here, but quality images of certain aircraft types and logos are lacking. Could you please upload:<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Skyteam_Logo_Alliance.png<br />
<br />
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:American_Airlines_logo_2013.svg<br />
<br />
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Star_Alliance_Logo.svg/1280px-Star_Alliance_Logo.svg.png<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Oneworld_logo.svg<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Southwest_737-700_N785SW.jpg<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:EM_N736SA_(2766338093).jpg<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Southwest_737-700_N913WN.jpg<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Southwest_Airlines_logo_2014.svg<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:JetBlue_Airways_Logo.svg<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:JetBlue_Airways,_N935JB,_Airbus_A321-231_(19994390048).jpg<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:JetBlue_Airways,_N566JB,_Airbus_A320-232_(19993334538).jpg<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:JetBlue_Airways,_N355JB_(20186999471).jpg<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Emirates_logo.svg ''(Controversial flag-carrier airline)''<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Emirates_Airbus_A380_(A6-EDS)_departs_London_Heathrow_11April2015.jpg ''(Largest A380 operator)''<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Boeing_777-31H-ER,_Emirates_AN1630451.jpg ''(Other plane in Emirates fleet, Largest 777 operator)''<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Singapore_Airlines_Airbus_A380-841;_9V-SKJ@ZRH;16.04.2011_595cc_(5629408416).jpg ''(A380 launch customer)''<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A380_26.jpg ''(A380 in Airbus livery)''<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:F-GUGK@LHR_16AUG12_(8416701090).jpg ''(Largest A318 operator)''<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:EM_FRONTIER_A318_(2529447611).jpg ''(A318 Launch customer)''<br />
<br />
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EasyJet#/media/File:EasyJet_logo.svg<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:G-EZBW_Airbus_A319-111_A319_EZY_(neue_Bemalung)_(16000999414).jpg ''(Largest A319 operator)''<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:HB-IPU_1_A319-112_Swissair_ZRH_20MAR99_(5805828730).jpg ''(A319 Launch customer)''<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:IndiGo_Airbus_A320neo_F-WWDG_(to_VT-ITI)_(28915135713).jpg ''(Largest A320neo operator)''<br />
<br />
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbus_A320neo_family#/media/File:Lufthansa_Airbus_A320_neo_D-AINA,_The_world%27s_first_A320_neo_(24705951566).jpg ''(A320neo launch customer)''<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Airbus_Industrie_A321neo_D-AVXA_(29428329122).jpg ''(A321neo prototype)''<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:9M-AQG_(30856774155).jpg ''(Largest A320 operator)''<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:F-WWAI_A320-131_Airbus_Industrie(prototype)_FAB_SEP88_(13753510323).jpg ''(A320 prototype)''<br />
<br />
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BWI_Logo.svg<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:BWI_airport_terminal.jpg<br />
<br />
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BWI.pdf<br />
<br />
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nashville_International_Airport_Logo.svg<br />
<br />
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Boston_Logan_International_Airport_Logo.jpg<br />
<br />
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Diagram_BOS_Airport.pdf<br />
<br />
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ronald_Reagan_Washington_National_Airport_Logo.png<br />
<br />
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:DCA_Airport_diagram.pdf<br />
<br />
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Delta_logo.svg/1280px-Delta_logo.svg.png<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:N954AT_(15246599649).jpg (Largest Boeing 717 operator)<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:N954AT_Boeing_B.717_Air_Tran_(9193031855).jpg ''(Boeing 717 Launch customer)''<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Boeing_707-321B(Adv),_Pan_Am_JP6997462.jpg ''(Boeing 707 Launch Customer)''<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Boeing_707-131B,_Trans_World_Airlines_(TWA)_JP5932479.jpg ''(Boeing 707 largest operator)''<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Boeing_727-22C,_United_Airlines_AN0998024.jpg ''(One of the two Boeing 727 launch customers)''<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Boeing_727-254,_Eastern_Air_Lines_JP5964327.jpg (One of the two Boeing 727 launch customers)<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lufthansa_Boeing_737-100_in_Zurich_1981.jpg (Launch customer of the Boeing 737)<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ba_b747-400_g-bnle_arp.jpg (Largest operator of the Boeing 747 at the moment)<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pan_Am_Boeing_747_at_Zurich_Airport_in_May_1985.jpg (Boeing 747 Launch customer)<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:KLM_747_(7491686916).jpg (The KLM 747 involved the the Tenerife accident)<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Boeing_757-225,_Eastern_Air_Lines_AN0079357.jpg (Boeing 757 Launch customer)<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Delta_Air_Lines_B757-351_N586NW_LAX.jpg (Largest Boeing 757 operator)<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Boeing_767-332ER(w)_%27N1610D%27_Delta_(14145000498).jpg (Largest Boeing 767 operator)<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:N647UA_Boeing_B.763_UNITED_(13895459883).jpg (Boeing 767 Launch customer)<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Boeing_767-400ER_Rollout_Proctor.jpg (Boeing 767 at Everett factory)<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:United_Airlines_-_N222UA_(6907351041).jpg (Boeing 777 Launch customer)<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:All_Nippon_Airways_Boeing_787-9_(JA884A)_at_Tokyo_Haneda_Airport.jpg (Boeing 787 largest and launch customer)<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:RA-89005_Sukhoi_SSJ.100-95B_Aeroflot_in_Skyteam_C-s_(7971252854).jpg (Sukhoi Superjet)<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Aerom%C3%A9xico_Boeing_767-200ER_XA-JBC_CDG_2010-4-5.png (Aeromexico in SkyTeam livery)<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Boeing_777-300ER_Air_France_(AFR)_%22Skyteam_livery%22_F-GZNE_-_MSN_37432_790_(5096229884).jpg (Air France in SkyTeam livery)<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:N844MH_(6942190917).jpg (Delta in SkyTeam livery)<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Korean_Air_Boeing_777-200ER_HL7733_AMS_2011-10-15.png (Korean Air in SkyTeam livery)<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:N343AN_(15390956166).jpg (American Airlines in Oneworld livery)<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Boeing_777-367(ER)_Cathay_Pacific_Airways_BKPL,_HKG_Hong_Kong_(Chek_Lap_Kok_International_Airport),_Hong_Kong_PP1281783332.jpg (Cathay Pacific in Oneworld)<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Boeing_747-400_British_AW_(BAW)_%22One_World_livery%22_G-CIVK_-_MSN_25818_1104_(5455648928).jpg (British Airways in Oneworld)<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:VH-OJU_%27Lord_Howe_Island%27_OneWorld_Logo-jet_Boeing_747-438_Qantas_(6600558667).jpg (Qantas in Oneworld)<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A7-ALA_(19397355348).jpg (Airbus A350 largest and launch customer)<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Thai_Airways_International_Airbus_A330-300;_HS-TEL@BKK;30.07.2011_613ez_(6042416350).jpg (Thai in Star Alliance livery)<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SAS_B737_(5820738887).jpg (SAS in Star Alliance livery)<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:D-AILF_Airbus_A.319_Lufthansa_in_Star_Alliance_Colours_(8633498953).jpg (Lufthansa in Star Alliance)<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:N14120_(26038860503).jpg (United in Star Alliance Livery)<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Boeing_767-333ER_%27C-FMWY%27_Air_Canada_(14247086054).jpg (Air Canada in Star Alliance)<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:McDonnell_Douglas_DC-10-10,_American_Airlines_JP5931060.jpg (American Airlines flight 191 plane)<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:McDonnell_Douglas_DC-10-10,_American_Airlines_AN0217682.jpg (American DC-10, launch customer)<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:McDonnell_Douglas_DC-10_(FedEx_Express)_(4269676839).jpg (Fedex DC-10, largest user)<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:McDonnell_Douglas_DC-10-10,_Turkish_Airlines_AN1815013.jpg (Turkish Airlines 981 plane)<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:McDonnell_Douglas_MD-11,_Finnair_JP5879069.jpg (MD-11 launch customer)<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:FedEx_MD-11F(N526FE)_(3382499520).jpg (largest MD-11 user, Fedex flight 80 plane)<br />
<br />
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swissair_Flight_111#/media/File:28as_-_Swissair_MD-11;_HB-IWF@ZRH;14.07.1998_(4713082874).jpg (SwissAir 111 plane)<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:N334AA_B767-223ER_American_MAN_08APR01_(6839074488).jpg (American Airlines 11 plane)<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Boeing_767-222,_United_Airlines_AN0188143.jpg (United 175 plane)<br />
<br />
http://www.airport-data.com/aircraft/photo/000205906.html (American 77 plane)<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:N591UA.jpg (United flight 93 plane)<br />
Sorry to ask so much, no rush.--[[User:IluvAviation|IluvAviation]] ([[User talk:IluvAviation|talk]]) 17:00, 4 March 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
:'''SysOp Note: User [[User:IluvAviation|IluvAviation]] now has upload rights, so she can now upload these herself.''' --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 14:35, 11 March 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
== Exodus image == <br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Exodus2837863742689301982376.jpg<br />
:While we'd be happy to help, we are going to need license information for this poster. If it's copyrighted, could you request permission from the owner(s) for us to use it? We shouldn't use images without usage rights or permission. Thanks! --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 22:14, 13 March 2017 (EDT)<br />
:: I happened to come across your discussion on Aschlafly's talk page. Because it would be too much trouble for me to go around and send for permission and all that, I found a simpler image to request: http://juniaproject.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Exodus-Book-istock.jpg -- I hope this one works, it seems common enough and I've been able to use it on a blog or one very similar to it.<br />
<br />
:::I'm afraid I can't find license info on this image, either. However, places like [http://depositphotos.com/31948533/stock-photo-book-of-exodus-from-the.html DepositPhotos], [http://www.mediabakery.com/DSP0076851-The-Book-Of-Exodus-From-The-New-American-Standard.html MediaBakery, and [https://lori.ru/16711282 (whatever this site is called)] are trying to sell this image. I don't think it's a good idea to upload it, unless we can find license info.<br />
:::Here are some good places to find images with there license info. You might want to just look at these, to find something good.<br />
:::*[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page WikiMedia Commons]<br />
:::*[https://pixabay.com PixaBay]<br />
:::*[https://morguefile.com Morguefile.com]<br />
:::*[https://www.flickr.com/search/?license=2%2C3%2C4%2C5%2C6%2C9 Flickr.com]<br />
:::*[http://www.publicdomainpictures.net PublicDomainPictures.net]<br />
:::I hope this helps! --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 15:38, 17 March 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Pim Fortuyn ==<br />
<br />
<br />
This [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pim_Fortuyn#/media/File:Pim_Fortuyn_-_May_4.jpg] one please.<br />
<br />
Regards, [[User:YortKeldher|YortKeldher]] ([[User talk:YortKeldher|talk]]) 10:38, 17 March 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
:Uploaded as [[:File:Pim Fortuyn - May 4 2002.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 15:48, 17 March 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== James Comey ==<br />
<br />
Maybe expanded soon, first an image : [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Comey#/media/File:Comey-FBI-Portrait.jpg this one] Please. [[User:YortKeldher|YortKeldher]] ([[User talk:YortKeldher|talk]]) 08:09, 25 March 2017 (EDT)<br />
:Uploaded as [[:File:Comey-FBI-Portrait.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 15:56, 25 March 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Business people ==<br />
<br />
Follow images please,<br />
<br />
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Rockefeller#/media/File:David_Rockefeller_-_NARA_-_195929_%28cropped%29.jpg]<br />
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayer_Amschel_Rothschild#/media/File:Mayer_Amschel_Rothschild.jpg]<br />
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amschel_Mayer_Rothschild#/media/File:Amschel_Mayer_Rothschild.jpg]<br />
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guy_de_Rothschild#/media/File:Guy_de_Rothschild_1964.jpg]<br />
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Rothschild,_3rd_Baron_Rothschild#/media/File:The_Lord_Rothschild_in_1965.jpg]<br />
<br />
[[User:YortKeldher|YortKeldher]] ([[User talk:YortKeldher|talk]]) 07:42, 26 March 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
:Uploaded:<br />
:*[[:File:David Rockefeller - NARA - 1953.jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:Mayer Amschel Rothschild.jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:Amschel Mayer Rothschild.jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:Guy de Rothschild 1964.jpg]]<br />
:However, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Rothschild,_3rd_Baron_Rothschild#/media/File:The_Lord_Rothschild_in_1965.jpg the last one] is still under copyright. I know WP claimed Fair Use, but I find that claim slightly questionable. If Mr. Schlafly or another admin gives the okay, that's fine, though. --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 01:12, 27 March 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Evelyn de Rothschild photo ==<br />
<br />
Here: http://vz.cnwimg.com/thumbc-300x300/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/evelyn-rothschild_2438915b.jpg [[User:Korvex|Korvex]] ([[User talk:Korvex|talk]]) 15:06, 30 March 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
:Hi, I would be happy to help you, but I need license information before I can upload this. Can you provide it? Thanks! --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 23:54, 29 March 2017 (EDT)<br />
:: All I know is that it came from celebritynetworth.com --> http://www.celebritynetworth.com/richest-businessmen/richest-billionaires/sir-evelyn-de-rothschild-net-worth/ --- Is this problematic? [[User:Korvex|Korvex]] ([[User talk:Korvex|talk]]) 15:06, 30 March 2017 (EDT)<br />
:::Yes, I think it is. Their [http://www.celebritynetworth.com/terms terms of use] claim all usage rights, it seems, so we cannot use this without permission. You can ask them directly for permission, or you can try looking other places for a suitable replacement. Some good places to look are:<br /><br />
:::*[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page '''WikiMedia Commons''']<br />
:::*[https://www.flickr.com/search/?license=2%2C3%2C4%2C5%2C6%2C9 '''Flickr''']<br />
:::*[https://pixabay.com PixaBay]<br />
:::*[https://morguefile.com Morguefile]<br />
:::*[http://www.publicdomainpictures.net PublicDomainPictures]<br />
:::I hope this helps! [[Public Domain]] images are best, but anything under a [[Creative Commons]] license is usually fine as well. --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 16:02, 30 March 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Johan Cruyff ==<br />
<br />
This [https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan_Cruijff#/media/File:Johan_Cruijff_cropped.jpg one] please. [[User:YortKeldher|YortKeldher]] ([[User talk:YortKeldher|talk]]) 11:07, 1 April 2017 (EDT)<br />
:Uploaded as [[:File:Johan Cruijff.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 16:52, 1 April 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Cold War era ==<br />
<br />
Follow images, please (if they were authorized, let me know no problem):<br />
<br />
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_War#/media/File:Berlin_Wall_1979_02.jpg]<br />
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_War#/media/File:Cold_war_europe_military_alliances_map_en.png]<br />
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_War#/media/File:Redwing_Dakota.jpg]<br />
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_War#/media/File:John_F._Kennedy,_Nikita_Khruchchev_1961.jpg]<br />
<br />
-- [[User:YortKeldher|YortKeldher]] ([[User talk:YortKeldher|talk]]) 08:34, 6 April 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
:I've only had time for one upload so far, I will get to the others when possible.<br />
:*[[:File:Berlin Wall 1979 02.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 17:23, 6 April 2017 (EDT)<br />
:Sorry for the extended wait!<br />
:*[[:File:Cold war europe military alliances map.png]]<br />
:*[[:File:Redwing Dakota.jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:John F. Kennedy, Nikita Khruchchev 1961.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 11:34, 10 April 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== this one == <br />
<br />
This is definitely not copyrighted, unlike my previous requests. http://www.golisbon.com/images/jeronimos-monastery2.jpg<br />
<br />
:I'm really not trying to be annoying here, but the only license info on this is stated on http://www.golisbon.com/photo-gallery/monuments.html. It says "All photos by Mario Rui Fernandes -- (c) Copyright GoLisbon.com". Did you find something which said other wise? It is possible that this one photo is excluded since I don't actually see it on the main list, but I'd like to see something in writing before I use it as Public Domain. Thanks! --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 22:24, 24 April 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
::Would one of [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Mosteiro_dos_Jerónimos these photos] work? --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 16:44, 29 April 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Emmanuel Macron ==<br />
<br />
This one , [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron#/media/File:Emmanuel_Macron_crop.jpg] please.<br />
[[User:YortKeldher|YortKeldher]] ([[User talk:YortKeldher|talk]]) 15:13, 29 April 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
:Uploading now ....--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] ([[User talk:Aschlafly|talk]]) 15:20, 29 April 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
::Uploading is complete: [[:File:Emmanuel Macron.jpg]].--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] ([[User talk:Aschlafly|talk]]) 15:23, 29 April 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Aleksandr Dugin ==<br />
<br />
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Dugin#/media/File:%D0%94%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%90._%D0%93.jpg this one] please,<br />
<br />
[[User:YortKeldher|YortKeldher]] ([[User talk:YortKeldher|talk]]) 11:04, 2 May 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
:Uploaded as requested here: [[:File:Aleksandr Dugin.jpg]]. Thanks for suggesting it.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] ([[User talk:Aschlafly|talk]]) 11:34, 2 May 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Request for files ==<br />
<br />
Can someone upload these for me? I need them for the page [[Hamilton (musical)]]. I'll provide the URLs and proper citations below.<br />
<br />
http://www.hamiltonbroadway.com/_img/ham-FB.jpg<br />
:''Hamilton Logo.'' Digital image. ''Hamiltonbroadway.com''. N.p., n.d. Web. [Day uploaded will go here].<br />
<br />
http://cdn.playbuzz.com/cdn/6586a81d-1226-4a9d-83e4-80ed1296cb53/ab324d7e-216c-4c27-b2dc-9aecb5aec6f3.jpg<br />
:''Hamilton Cast''. Digital image. ''Playbuzz.com''. N.p., n.d. Web. [Day uploaded here].<br />
<br />
Thanks! [[User:Koidevelopment|Parrrley]] 20:44, 4 May 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
:I would be happy to help, but for the most part, we do not use images which are copyrighted. I can't determine the licensing on these for certain, but I suspect they are not in the public domain. Can you by any chance find license info on them? If not, perhaps you can find a suitable substitute which is either in the [[Public Domain]] or under a [[Creative Commons]] license. Some good places to look for these include:<br />
:*[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page '''WikiMedia Commons''']<br />
:*[https://www.flickr.com/search/?license=2%2C3%2C4%2C5%2C6%2C9 '''Flickr''']<br />
:*[https://pixabay.com PixaBay]<br />
:*[https://morguefile.com Morguefile]<br />
:*[http://www.publicdomainpictures.net PublicDomainPictures]<br />
:I hope this helps! The method you were thinking of--adding citations--is acceptable in some publications, but in this case we should be more careful. Thanks! --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 22:07, 4 May 2017 (EDT)<br />
::I'll have to look around for licensing tomorrow. I'll find the relevant links. Thanks! [[User:Koidevelopment|Parrrley]] 22:20, 4 May 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Fork template ==<br />
<br />
Could someone get [http://rationalwiki.org/wiki/File:ForkInRoad.svg this] image for me? I need it for the fork template. It's under a CC license for anyone to use. [[User:Koidevelopment|Parrrley]] 13:36, 7 May 2017 (EDT)<br />
:Do you still want your request fulfilled, considering that we have [[:Category:Disambiguation Pages]], which serves the same purpose? --[[User:1990&#39;sguy|1990&#39;sguy]] ([[User talk:1990&#39;sguy|talk]]) 16:41, 7 May 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Some images ==<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Khirbet_Qeiyafa#/media/File:QEIYAFA_C.JPG<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:William_Albright_1957.jpg<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hyksos#/media/File:Hyksos.jpg<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Giv%27at_Ram_Campus_of_the_Hebrew_University#/media/File:Sherman_Bldg.jpg<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Magdala,_Israel#/media/File:MAGDALA_AERIAL.JPG<br />
<br />
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/The-Ten-Commandments-1956-Paramount.jpg<br />
<br />
Thanks.[[User:Korvex|Korvex]] ([[User talk:Korvex|talk]]) 16:59, 9 May 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
:Done. Thanks for picking these out.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] ([[User talk:Aschlafly|talk]]) 17:40, 9 May 2017 (EDT)<br />
::Here are the CP links to them: [[:File:William Albright 1957.jpg]], [[:File:QEIYAFA C.JPG]], [[:File:Hyksos.jpg]], [[:File:Sherman Bldg.jpg]], [[:File:MAGDALA AERIAL.JPG]], [[:File:The-Ten-Commandments-1956-Paramount.jpg]]. --[[User:1990&#39;sguy|1990&#39;sguy]] ([[User talk:1990&#39;sguy|talk]]) 18:27, 9 May 2017 (EDT)<br />
Thanks! Another one:<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Sodom_and_Gomorrah#/media/File:Pieter_Schoubroeck_-_De_verwoesting_van_Sodom_en_Gomorra.jpg<br />
:Uploaded as [[:File:Pieter Schoubroeck - De verwoesting van Sodom en Gomorra.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 16:09, 10 May 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
Thanks! These as well:<br />
<br />
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/12/Tall_el-Hammam_Excavation-Jordan_Valley.jpg<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Book_of_Amos#/media/File:Modern_Mosaic_Jerusalem-2_(3211896777).jpg<br />
<br />
:Uploaded as [[:File:Tall el-Hammam Excavation-Jordan Valley.jpg]] and [[:File:Jerusalem Modern Mosaic.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 11:50, 11 May 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
Thanks! Some more:<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Amphipolis#/media/File:Amphipolis_fortifications.jpg<br />
:Uploaded as [[:File:Amphipolis fortifications.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 23:53, 11 May 2017 (EDT)<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Maps_of_Amphipolis#/media/File:Amphipolis_location-es.jpg<br />
<br />
:Uploaded as [[:File:Amphipolis location-es.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 00:45, 12 May 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Coins_of_Amphipolis#/media/File:Distat%C3%A8re_d%27or_repr%C3%A9sentant_%C3%A0_droite_Nik%C3%A9.jpg<br />
:Almost missed this one--uploaded as [[:File:Distatère d'or représentant à droite Niké.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 15:35, 13 May 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lion_of_Amphipolis#/media/File:Anfipoli2.jpg<br />
:Uploaded as [[:File:Anfipoli2.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 00:45, 12 May 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tekoa#/media/File:After_the_rain_(11257895063).jpg<br />
:Uploaded as [[:File:After the rain.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 00:45, 12 May 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/Beer_Sheba_%2831209896376%29.jpg<br />
:Uploaded as [[:File:Beer Sheba.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 17:16, 12 May 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Arnon_river_map.png<br />
:Uploaded as [[:File:Arnon river map.png]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 17:16, 12 May 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Anglican's image ==<br />
<br />
http://www.organsociety.org/database/photos/KY/Lexington.ChristChCath.1949Holtkamp.Scofield03.jpg<br />
:Not yet uploaded--Can you find license info for this image? We need to include that info with the photo upload, and more importantly, need to know if we even have the right to use it. Thanks! --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 17:16, 12 May 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
:: I did not request this picture, [[User:Anglican|Anglican]] did. He seemed to have forgotten to add a new section to this image uploading page, so I just did that right now. Regards, [[User:Korvex|Korvex]] ([[User talk:Korvex|talk]]) 14:28, 13 May 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
::Although I will request this picture:<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Via_Appia#/media/File:Via_Appia.jpg<br />
<br />
:Done. Thanks for suggesting it.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] ([[User talk:Aschlafly|talk]]) 17:45, 14 May 2017 (EDT)<br />
:Here is the link: [[:File:Via Appia.jpg]]. --[[User:1990&#39;sguy|1990&#39;sguy]] ([[User talk:1990&#39;sguy|talk]]) 20:10, 14 May 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
Thanks a bunch! Can these three one also be uploaded?<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Yosef_Garfinkel#/media/File:Yosef_Garfinkel_in_Khirbet_Qeiyafa.jpg<br />
:Uploaded as [[:File:Yosef Garfinkel in Khirbet Qeiyafa.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 23:11, 14 May 2017 (EDT)<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%CE%98%CE%B5%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%BA%CE%B7#/media/File:THAM-Amazonomachy_sarcophagus_4.jpg<br />
:Uploaded as [[:File:THAM-Amazonomachy sarcophagus 4.jpg]]<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%CE%98%CE%B5%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%BA%CE%B7#/media/File:Thessaloniki-Arch_of_Galerius_(eastern_face).jpg<br />
:Uploaded as [[:File:Thessaloniki-Arch of Galerius (eastern face).jpg]]<br />
:Great choices! Also, thank you Andy and 1990'sguy for your assistance! --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 23:11, 14 May 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
Thanks! Can this also be uploaded?<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Town_of_Mary_and_Her_Sister_Martha-Bethany.jpg<br />
:Uploaded as [[:File:The Town of Mary and Her Sister Martha-Bethany.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 23:02, 16 May 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Dutch Politicians ==<br />
<br />
This one please,<br />
<br />
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thierry_Baudet#/media/File:Thierry_Baudet_%282%29.JPG]<br />
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Rutte#/media/File:Mark_Rutte-6.jpg]<br />
<br />
Maybe more coming soon,<br />
<br />
[[User:YortKeldher|YortKeldher]] ([[User talk:YortKeldher|talk]]) 09:04, 19 May 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
<br />
:Uploaded as [[:File:Thierry Baudet.JPG]] and [[:File:Mark Rutte.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 10:32, 19 May 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Nazi era ==<br />
<br />
I look up to clean up of some articles and add a picture if needed,<br />
<br />
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels#/media/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-17049,_Joseph_Goebbels_spricht.jpg]<br />
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_G%C3%B6ring#/media/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-13805,_Hermann_G%C3%B6ring.jpg]<br />
<br />
Regards,<br />
<br />
[[User:YortKeldher|YortKeldher]] ([[User talk:YortKeldher|talk]]) 09:19, 19 May 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
:Uploaded as [[:File:Joseph Goebbels spricht Bundesarchiv Bild 102-17049.jpg]] and [[:File:Hermann Göring Bundesarchiv Bild 102-13805.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 10:39, 19 May 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== NT wright image ==<br />
<br />
Here:<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:NTWright071220.jpg<br />
:Uploaded as [[:File:Rev. N. Tom Wright.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 13:08, 22 May 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
Thanks. I also found another image:<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Flood_Tablet#/media/File:Epic_of_Gilgamesh,_plaster_cast_of_tablet_XI,_The_Flood_Tale,_Neo-Assyrian_period,_c._9th-7th_century_BC_-_Harvard_Semitic_Museum_-_Cambridge,_MA_-_DSC06162.jpg</div>
Korvex
https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Epic_of_Gilgamesh&diff=1345791
Epic of Gilgamesh
2017-05-22T23:16:55Z
<p>Korvex: </p>
<hr />
<div>The '''Epic of Gilgamesh''' is a [[Sumerian]] tale that was preserved on stone and clay tablets for thousands of years. The text of [[Gilgamesh]]'s epic is on 12 incomplete Akkadian-language tablets, found at a destroyed library of the [[Assyria]]n king Ashurbanipal in [[Nineveh]]. (Reigned 668-627 BC)<br />
<br />
The origin of the Epic of Gilgamesh is dated from 2150 - 2000 B.C.<ref>Ceil, Chenoy. "Epic of Gilgamesh." (2012).</ref><br />
<br />
The poem tells the story of Gilgamesh, the great sixth king of [[Uruk]], a city in [[Mesopotamia]], and his (perhaps fictional) quest for glory and immortal life. One of the more notable stories describes a world wide [[flood]] with great similarities to the [[Genesis]] account with [[Noah]], however the flood narrative in the Epic of Gilgamesh was a later addition, with the earliest Epic of Gilgamesh tablets containing the flood narrative date to 600 BC, and thus historians rule out the idea that Genesis borrowed from the Epic of Gilgamesh.<ref>Kitchen, Kenneth Anderson. The Bible in its world: the Bible and archaeology today. Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2004. pp. 27-30.</ref> The chronicles are from the ancient lands of [[Sumeria]], and, according to Sumerian records, would have taken place about 2650 B.C. <br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Ancient History]]<br />
[[Category:Mythology]]<br />
[[Category:Middle East]]</div>
Korvex
https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=N.T._Wright&diff=1345782
N.T. Wright
2017-05-22T23:02:10Z
<p>Korvex: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[File:Rev. N. Tom Wright.jpg|thumb|right|N.T. Wright teaching]]<br />
'''Nicholas Thomas Wright'''<ref>[https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/divinity/rt/staff/ntw2/ University of St Andrews, N.T. Wright]</ref> (born 1 December 1948) is the Bishop of [[Durham]] of the [[Anglican]] Church and one of the worlds leading [[New Testament]] scholars, especially known for his Pauline scholarship. He is currently a Professor at [[St Andrews University]].<br />
<br />
== Education ==<br />
<br />
N.T. Wright first received his B.A. (1s class honors) in 1971, and then received another B.A. (also 1st class honors) in 1973. In 1975, he received an M.A., and in 1981, he received a D.Phil. Finally, in 2000, he received a D.D (Doctor of Divinity).<br />
<br />
==Major Publications==<br />
<br />
N.T. Wright has contributed more major and influential works to New Testament scholarship than almost any other academic in the field. Some of his major contributions to academia include;<br />
<br />
*''The New Testament and the people of God''<br />
*''Climax of the covenant: Christ and the law in Pauline theology''<br />
*''The resurrection of the Son of God''<br />
*''What Saint Paul Really Said: Was Paul of Tarsus the Real Founder of Christianity?''<br />
*''Paul: In fresh perspective''<br />
*''The letter to the Romans''<br />
*''The Challenge of Jesus: Rediscovering who Jesus was and is''<br />
*''Justification: God's plan & Paul's vision''<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Wright, N.T.}}<br />
[[Category:British Authors]]<br />
[[Category:Christian Authors]]<br />
[[Category:Clergy]]<br />
[[Category:Professors]]</div>
Korvex
https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=John_Lennox&diff=1345779
John Lennox
2017-05-22T22:58:21Z
<p>Korvex: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[File:John Lennox.jpg|right|thumb|200px|John Lennox]]<br />
'''John Carson Lennox''' is a professor of Mathematics at [[Oxford University]] and a [[Christian]] apologist. He has publicly debated various atheists including [[Richard Dawkins]] and [[Christopher Hitchens]]. He is particularly interested in the interface of science, philosophy and theology. He lives with his wife Sally near Oxford.<br />
<br />
Dr. Lennox received his MA and PhD from [[Cambridge University]] in England. <br />
<br />
Dr. Lennox speaks English, Spanish, French, and Russian and is interested in [[astronomy]]. <br />
<br />
==Publications==<br />
Dr. Lennox has authored many books, including ''God's Undertaker: Has Science buried God?'' (2009), and ''God and Stephen Hawking'' (2011). <br />
<br />
== External links ==<br />
*[http://www.johnlennox.org/ Official Website]<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lennox, John C.}}<br />
[[Category:Christians]]<br />
[[Category:Mathematicians]]<br />
[[Category:Scientists]]<br />
[[Category:Christian Apologists]]<br />
[[Category:Professors]]</div>
Korvex
https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Historicity_of_Jesus&diff=1345778
Historicity of Jesus
2017-05-22T22:57:23Z
<p>Korvex: </p>
<hr />
<div>The '''historicity of Jesus''' focuses on whether [[Jesus Christ]] existed as a real historical person, or whether he is simply a mythological imagination. This article will show that the evidence for the existence of Jesus is overwhelming, as is agreed upon by every professor in every academic institution in every relevant field in the world.<ref>Ehrman, Bart D. Did Jesus exist?: The historical argument for Jesus of Nazareth. Harper Collins, 2012. Second introductory page.</ref> In other words, for someone to argue that Jesus never existed (and thus is merely a myth) is to place himself against not only the field of scholarship and the historical record, but even against reason and common sense. See also: [[Atheists and historical illiteracy]]<br />
<br />
== Sources ==<br />
=== Overview ===<br />
The sources for the historical existence of Jesus are many. First, there are four biographies – the [[gospel]]s of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John – written either by eyewitnesses, or by authors who had access to eyewitnesses. Some scholars have speculated that earlier sources (such as a Passion narrative) were written within a few years of Jesus’ death by members of the [[Jerusalem]] Church and were later incorporated in the gospels. There is also a collection of letters by [[Saint Paul]], who wrote from the late 40s to the mid 60s (when he was martyred). These letters include early creedal professions and hymns whose origins have been traced to within a few years of Jesus’ death and coming from the Jerusalem community. There are also other letters written by the apostles or disciples, including [[Saint Peter]] himself. A history of the early Church, the Acts of the Apostles contains information on Jesus’ earthly life, including internal source material such as the preserved preaching of Peter. Important testimony is also found in late first and early second century writings of the [[Early Church Fathers|Apostolic Fathers]]. Jesus’ earthly life was even mentioned by some pseudo-Christian and non-Christian writings, including the Romano-Jewish historian [[Josephus|Josephus Flavius]] – all to be discussed below.<br />
<br />
Obviously, the bulk of the information comes from Christian sources. This is to be expected. The common temptation to radically fissure the sources into Christian / non-Christian categories (with the former then being dismissed) is a practice foreign to historical methods. Historians certainly identify an author’s context, motivations, aims, and the like, but to dismiss a source (or whole group of sources) merely because the author(s) was personally invested in his subject is unjustified. For example, the only detailed source for the Roman general Agricola’s conquest of Britain was written by [[Tacitus]], his son-in-law, who was obviously personally interested in the career of his subject, and the glorification of Rome in general. But Tacitus’s invaluable work has formed the basis for historical reconstructions of the conquest, proving to be a wealth of information – and these reconstructions depend principally on just this one written source. As summarized by Craig L. Blomberg, “…if we can reconstruct reasonably accurate history from all kinds of other ancient sources, we ought to be able to do that from the gospels, even though they too are ideological.”<ref>quoted by [[Lee Strobel]], ''The Case for Christ'' (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1998), p. 31.</ref> Such an argument naturally extends to other Christian sources as well. That said, the evidence from non-Christian sources, even taken alone, is more than enough to establish the minimal claim of Jesus’ existence and influence.<br />
<br />
=== Holy Gospels ===<br />
The four biographies of the life of Jesus written during the first century A.D. are known as the Gospels of [[Gospel of Matthew|Matthew]], [[Gospel of Mark|Mark]], [[Gospel of Luke|Luke]], and [[Gospel of John|John]]. These works contain the most detailed information about the life of Jesus. Perhaps the best-known material would be Jesus’ birth, [[crucifixion]], [[resurrection]], and [[ascension]] into Heaven. The gospels contain all sorts of other information, naming Jesus’ close companions, identifying locations where his teachings were given or miracles were performed, describing Jewish customs in detail, referencing the topography of [[Jerusalem]], etc. <br />
<br />
While it is impossible to examine the gospels in detail here, it will suffice to show that they clearly presented themselves as historical documents, describing historical events in a falsifiable way and within a specific historical setting known to their audience. The three [[synoptic gospels]], Matthew, Mark, and Luke, were written before A. D. 70, with a much earlier date possible concerning Matthew. Their textual relations with one another, and their authorship, are complex topics, but a general summary based on the witnesses of history will prove useful. As the Church Fathers recorded, the Gospel of Matthew was written by [[Matthew the Apostle]], who was an eyewitness to the events he described. Mark was a follower of [[Peter the Apostle]], and he also had access to other sources, including Matthew’s Gospel, and probably Luke’s. Luke was a follower of [[St. Paul|Paul]], who would have had access to disciples of Jesus, and even his relatives, through connections with [[Antioch]] and ultimately Jerusalem. John’s Gospel was written last, around A. D. 90, by a disciple of the Lord and eyewitness to the events, referred to as the [[John the Apostle|‘beloved disciple’]] in the text. Historians have established that the [[Gospel of John]] is entirely dependent of the Gospels, and is not in any way reliant on them, directly or indirectly, and it has been shown that there is no evidence as of yet to suggest this. Thus, the gospel writers were either on the spot themselves, or they had access to people who were.<br />
<br />
Academics have also affirmed that the Gospels were written under the genre of ancient biography.<ref>[http://jesusevidences.com/ntgospelsbiographies.php Quotations of academics on genre of the Gospels]</ref> In fact, the great scholar [[Craig Keener]] states the following relating to the genre that the four Gospel accounts were written under;<br />
<br />
:''Through most of history, readers understood the Gospels as biographies, but after 1915 scholars tried to find some other classification for them, mainly because these scholars confused ancient and modern biography and noticed that the Gospels differed from the latter. The current trend, however, is again to recognize the Gospels as ancient biographies.''<ref>Keener, Craig, Commentary on Matthew, Intervarsity Press, Downer’s Grove, Ill., <br />
1997, 24</ref> <br />
<br />
The gospel accounts were written early on, within a few decades of the death of Jesus, which is comparable to the earliness of most other ancient documents of ancient history. Much of our accounts of [[King Herod]] come 150 years after his death from the ancient Jewish historian [[Josephus]], and our earliest biographies on [[Alexander the Great]] were written a staggering 400 years after his death. Therefore, the gospels are considered to be historical documents by scholars, and early enough to contain a number of authentic memories of his life and death.<br />
<br />
===Pauline Epistles===<br />
A collection of letters written by Saint Paul also discuss Jesus. Paul was not himself an eyewitness of Jesus until after the resurrection, but was a contemporary of the life of Jesus, and besides whatever knowledge the Lord gave to him in his glorified state, Paul also knew Jesus’ disciples, especially Saint Peter. Paul’s letters are pastoral writings meant to address the needs of particular Christian communities, and as such they are not aimed at providing biographical narratives of Jesus’ life. Nonetheless, they do mention Jesus, especially his death and resurrection, but also the Last Supper, and they quote Jesus or reference his teachings. At times Paul qualified his own teachings by stating, “I say, not the Lord”, indicating that he knew Jesus’ teachings.<br />
<br />
Some mythicists have proposed that Paul refers to Jesus as a celestial, rather than earthly being, which is another concept that is universally rejected by modern historians. Nevertheless, such a hypothesis can be discarded, because all of the information given to us from Paul about Jesus during His earthly ministry refer to specific, earthly events, that are unknown in ancient Judaic literature to have any precedence in celestial or supernatural regions. For example, we are told by Paul that Jesus was born of a women on Earth under the law which only applies to humans (Galatians 4:4), he tells us that Jesus was killed by crucifixion (1 Corinthians 1:23), that He was executed by earthly rulers (1 Corinthians 2:8), that He was buried (1 Corinthians 15:4). Paul also quotes Messianic prophecies he believes apply to Jesus (e.g. Romans 10:16-Isaiah 53:1, Romans 15:21-Isaiah 52:15), and the Jewish belief in the Messiah was in a specifically earthly being, not celestial by any concept or exaggeration. All of these, and many other aspects that Paul applies to Jesus are only known in context of earthly humans and events, and therefore applying some sort of celestial belief to the Pauline epistles is entirely unwarranted and without any validation.<br />
<br />
=== Ancient Creeds ===<br />
Many of Paul’s letters, and other New Testament epistles, contain quotations from early creeds or creedal hymns. Scholars suppose that some of these creeds date to within a few years of Jesus' death, and were developed within the Christian community in Jerusalem. The great value of these texts as sources is elaborated upon by O. Cullmann, in his, ''The Earliest Christian Confessions'' trans. J. K. S. Reid (London: Lutterworth, 1949), and also G. R. Habermas, ''The Historical Jesus: Ancient Evidence for the Life of Christ'' (College Press, 1996). Much of the data below is taken from the latter.<br />
<br />
1 Corinthians 15:3-4 reads, "For what I received I passed on to you as of first importance: that Christ died for our sins according to the Scriptures, that he was buried, that he was raised on the third day according to the Scriptures." This contains a Christian creed of pre-Pauline origin.<ref>Neufeld, ''The Earliest Christian Confessions'' (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1964) p. 47; Reginald Fuller, ''The Formation of the Resurrection Narratives'' (New York: Macmillan, 1971) p. 10; Wolfhart Pannenberg, ''Jesus – God and Man'' translated Lewis Wilkins and Duane Pribe (Philadelphia: Westminster, 1968) p. 90; Oscar Cullmann, ''The Earlychurch: Studies in Early Christian History and Theology'', ed. A. J. B. Higgins (Philadelphia: Westminster, 1966) p. 64; Hans Conzelmann, ''1 Corinthians'', translated James W. Leitch (Philadelphia: Fortress 1969) p. 251; Bultmann, ''Theology of the New Testament'' vol. 1 pp. 45, 80-82, 293; R. E. Brown, ''The Virginal Conception and Bodily Resurrection of Jesus'' (New York: Paulist Press, 1973) pp. 81, 92</ref> The antiquity of the creed has been located by many Biblical scholars to less than a decade after Jesus' death, originating from the Jerusalem apostolic community.<ref>see Wolfhart Pannenberg, ''Jesus – God and Man'' translated Lewis Wilkins and Duane Pribe (Philadelphia: Westminster, 1968)p. 90; Oscar Cullmann, ''The Early church: Studies in Early Christian History and Theology'', ed. A. J. B. Higgins (Philadelphia: Westminster, 1966) p. 66-66; R. E. Brown, ''The Virginal Conception and Bodily Resurrection of Jesus'' (New York: Paulist Press, 1973) pp. 81; Thomas Sheehan, ''First Coming: How the Kingdom of God Became Christianity'' New York: Random House, 1986 pp. 110, 118; Ulrich Wilckens, ''Resurrection'' translated A. M. Stewart (Edinburgh: Saint Andrew, 1977) p. 2; Hans Grass, ''Ostergeschen und Osterberichte'', Second Edition (Gottingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, 1962) p96; Grass favors the origin in Damascus.</ref> Concerning this creed, Campenhausen wrote, "This account meets all the demands of historical reliability that could possibly be made of such a text,"<ref>Hans von Campenhausen, "The Events of Easter and the Empty Tomb," in ''Tradition and Life in the Church'' (Philadelphia: Fortress, 1968) p. 44</ref> whilst A. M. Hunter said, "The passage therefore preserves uniquely early and verifiable testimony. It meets every reasonable demand of historical reliability."<ref>Archibald Hunter, ''Works and Words of Jesus'' (1973) p. 100</ref><br />
<br />
Other relevant creeds which predate the texts wherein they are found that have been identified are 1 John 4:2:,"This is how you can recognize the Spirit of God: Every spirit that acknowledges that Jesus Christ has come in the flesh is from God",<ref>Cullmann, ''Confessions'' p. 32</ref> 2 Timothy 2:8, "Remember Jesus Christ, raised from the dead, this is my Gospel",<ref>Bultmann, ''Theology of the New Testament'' vol 1, pp. 49, 81; Joachim Jeremias, ''The Eucharistic Words of Jesus'' translated Norman Perrin (London: SCM Press, 1966) p. 102</ref> Romans 1:3-4, "…regarding his Son, who as to his human nature was a descendant of David, and who through the spirit of holiness was declared with power to be the Son of God by his resurrection from the dead: Jesus Christ our Lord.",<ref>Wolfhart Pannenberg, ''Jesus – God and Man'' translated Lewis Wilkins and Duane Pribe (Philadelphia: Westminster, 1968) pp. 118, 283, 367; Neufeld, ''The Earliest Christian Confessions'' (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1964) pp. 7, 50; C. H. Dodd, ''The Apostolic Preaching and its Developments'' (Grand Rapids: Baker, 1980) p. 14</ref> and 1 Timothy 3:16, "He appeared in a body, was vindicated by the Spirit, was seen by angels, was preached among the nations, was believed on in the world, was taken up in glory," an early creedal hymn.<ref>Reginald Fuller, ''The Foundations of New Testament Christology'' (New York: Scriner's, 1965) pp. 214, 216, 227, 239; Joachim Jeremias, ''The Eucharistic Words of Jesus'' translated Norman Perrin (London: SCM Press, 1966) p. 102; Neufeld, ''The Earliest Christian Confessions'' (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1964) pp. 7, 9, 128</ref> These early creeds represent enormously early testimony of the historicity of Jesus, and their earliness combined with their large variety are most well-explained and understood in a historical framework where Jesus did exist, rather than some elaborate plan early on that has no known precedent whatsoever.<br />
<br />
=== Early Church Fathers ===<br />
Early Christian sources outside the New Testament also mention Jesus and the historical details of his life. Important texts from the Apostolic Fathers are, to name just the most significant and ancient, Clement of Rome’s ''Letter to the Corinthians'' (''c.'' 100), Ignatius of Antioch’s many epistles (''c.'' 107-110), Justin Martyr’s second century apologetic works, and others. But perhaps the most significant Patristic sources are the early second century references of Papias and Quadratus (of Athens). They both mention disciples of Jesus – eyewitnesses who testified to his life and miracles – who were still alive at the time they wrote. Papias, in giving his sources for the information contained in his (now lost) gospel commentaries, stated:<br />
: ''…if by chance anyone who had been in attendance on the elders should come my way, I inquired about the words of the elders &mdash; [that is,] what [according to the elders] Andrew or Peter said, or Philip, or Thomas or James, or John or Matthew or any other of the Lord’s disciples, and whatever Aristion and the elder John, the Lord’s disciples, were saying.''<ref>translation by Richard Bauckham in his ''Jesus and the Eyewitnesses'' (Cambridge: Eerdmans, 2006), pp. 15-16.</ref><br />
Thus, while Papias was collecting his information (''c''. 90), Aristion and the elder John (who were Jesus’ disciples) were still alive and teaching in Asia minor, and Papias gathered information from people who had known them.<ref>Richard Bauckham, ''Jesus and the Eyewitnesses'' (Cambridge: Eerdmans, 2006), pp. 15-21.</ref> Another Father, Quadratus, who wrote an apology to the emperor Hadrian, stated:<br />
: ''The words of our Savior were always present, for they were true: those who were healed, those who rose from the dead, those who were not only seen in the act of being healed or raised, but were also always present, not merely when the Savior was living on earth, but also for a considerable time after his departure, so that some of them survived even to our own times.''<ref>Quoted in Eusebius, ''Ecclesiastical History'' 4.3.2, translation by Richard Bauckham in his ''Jesus and the Eyewitnesses'' (Cambridge: Eerdmans, 2006), p. 53.</ref><br />
By “our Savior” Quadratus means Jesus, and by “our times” he presumably refers to his early life, rather than when he wrote (117-124), which would be a reference contemporary with Papias.<ref>Richard Bauckham, ''Jesus and the Eyewitnesses'' (Cambridge: Eerdmans, 2006), pp. 53l.</ref><br />
<br />
Other early Christian texts mention Jesus is in detail. The Didache, for example, is a collection of teachings based on the apostolic witness, which itself was based on Jesus’ doctrine. Many of these texts, however, are too late (dating to the second half of the second century) to be used as proper historical sources, at least not without much caution, and they cannot establish the same claim to eyewitness authority as can the other writings mentioned above.<br />
<br />
''See also'' [[Diatessaron]] and [[Harmony of the Gospel (Conservative Version)]].<br />
<br />
=== Pseudo-Christian Sources ===<br />
An early [[heretical]] section known as [[gnosticism]] produced texts that purported to contain information about Jesus, generally his (enigmatic) sayings. They are very dubious sources, dating to the second half of the second century at the earliest, and lacking a historical connection to the disciples (despite their claims). They are perhaps most useful in reminding us of how good the earlier (and orthodox) gospels are, by presenting us with an example of what an inaccurate source concerning Jesus really looks like. Furthermore, the gnostic texts show a general disinterest in the historical details of Jesus’ life, and they fail to present a standard historical narrative, giving only a list of sayings framed in the structure of an alleged secret revelation.<br />
<br />
Nonetheless, certain [[Gnostic]] texts do mention Jesus in the context of his earthly existence, and some scholars have, with great caution, sought to glean certain bits of information about Jesus from them.<ref>James M. Robinson, ed., ''The Nag Hammadi Library in English'' (San Francisco: Harper and Row, 1977) and especially his essay in Hedrick and Hodgson, ''Nag Hammadi, Gnosticism, and Early Christianity'' (Peabody: Hendrickson, 1986); R. E. Brown, "The Christians Who Lost Out" in ''The New York Times Book Review'', 20 January 1980 p. 3; Koester in Robinson, ''Nag Hammadi in English'', vol. 2 pp. 4, 47, 68, 150-154, 180.</ref> The relevance for us in not so much the conclusions of these scholars, but the fact that, in a minimal and contingent way, they help dispel the notion that Jesus never existed as a historical figure. Examples of such texts include the ''Gospel of Truth'', ''Treatise on Resurrection'', and the ''Apocryphon of John'', the latter of which opens with the following:<br />
: ''It happened one day when John, the brother of James – who are sons of Zebedee – went up and came to the temple, that a Pharisee named Arimanius approached him and said to him: "Where is your master whom you followed?" And he said to them: "He has gone to the place from which he came." The Pharisee said to him: "This Nazarene deceived you all with deception and filled your ears with lies and closed your hearts and turned you from the traditions of your fathers."''<ref>''Apocryphon of John'' 1:5-17</ref><br />
<br />
=== Greco-Roman Sources ===<br />
Greco-Roman sources of the time show little to no interest in the religious movements of the backwater and troublesome Jewish province of Judea, or even the Near East in general. Perhaps the exception would be Josephus, a Romano-Jewish historian who was interested in recording Jewish history, especially the political conflicts that lead to the military downfall of zealous Jewish nationalistic movements. Though not centrally concerned with religious developments, Josephus did mention Jesus, and other Christians such as James and the Precursor of the Lord, St. John the Baptist (who may be considered Christian since he accepted Jesus as the Christ, though he would be beheaded long before Jesus’ death and glorification). Furthermore, other writers do mention Jesus as well, and their passages will be examined below.<br />
<br />
The sum total of this material establishes that Jesus existed, and that he was a significant figure who made a marked religious impact. His Messianic claims, his reputation and following, his crucifixion, and the controversy between him (and his followers) and the Jewish authorities are all supported by these texts. Furthermore, it may be that more dramatic occurrences, such as his miracles and even resurrection, are witnessed by Josephus – though these greater claims about the Greco-Roman material are certainly open to debate. Without a doubt, the best material concerning Jesus remains the gospels and other New Testament texts, as well as the testimony of the Apostolic Fathers. But these Greco-Roman sources provide important secondary testimony and, even taken alone, are enough to refute the view that Jesus is merely a mythological imagination.<br />
<br />
====Josephus====<br />
[[Josephus|Flavius Josephus]] (c. A.D. 37 – 100) was a Jew and a Roman citizen who worked under the patronage of the Flavian dynasty. Josephus is unusual in that, while he was Jewish, he was loyal to the Roman political powers. In A. D. 93 he wrote his ''Antiquities of the Jews'', a work recording the history of the Jews. In it, Jesus is mentioned twice. The second mentioning is the shorter, and will be discussed first. It is a completely disinterested comment made in passing, where, when talking about James, Josephus specifies which James he means by identifying his subject as James "the brother [or kinsman] of Jesus, who was called Christ".<ref>Josephus ''[http://www.ccel.org/ccel/josephus/works/files/ant-20.htm Antiquities 20:9.1]''</ref> Scholars have found little or no reason to doubt the authenticity of this passage and have, by and large, accepted it as genuine.<ref>Louis H. Feldman, "Josephus" Anchor Bible Dictionary, Vol. 3, pp. 990–91</ref> <br />
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More notably, an earlier mention of Jesus is made in a passage that has come to be called the ''Testimonium Flavianum'':<br />
:''About this time came Jesus, a wise man, if indeed it is appropriate to call him a man. For he was a performer of paradoxical feats, a teacher of people who accept the unusual with pleasure, and he won over many of the Jews and also many Greeks. He was the Christ. When Pilate, upon the accusation of the first men amongst us, condemned him to be crucified, those who had formerly loved him did not cease [to follow him], for he appeared to them on the third day, living again, as the divine prophets foretold, along with a myriad of other marvelous things concerning him. And the tribe of the Christians, so named after him, has not disappeared to this day.''<ref>Josephus ''[http://www.ccel.org/j/josephus/works/ant-18.htm Antiquities 18.3.3]''</ref><br />
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Most scholars accept the authenticity of the majority of the passage.<ref>John Drane ''Introducing the New Testament'' (San Francisco: Harper and Row, 1986) p. 138; also, James H. Charlesworth, ''Jesus Within Judaism'' (Garden City: Doubleday, 1988) p. 96</ref> However, certain parts have been called into question, especially those which conform with the Christian creed. These doubts are not based on the manuscript record, which is consistent, nor on the language, which is stylistically harmonious with Josephus.<ref>Henri Daniel-Rops, ''Silence of Jesus' Contemporaries'' p. 21; J.N.D. Anderson, ''Christianity: The Witness of History'' (London: Tyndale, 1969)p. 20; F.F. Bruce, ''New Testament Documents: Are They Reliable?'' (Grand Rapids, Eerdmans, 1967) p. 108.</ref> Concerning the ''Testimonium Flavianum'', Habermas wrote, "There is no textual evidence against it, and, conversely, there is very good manuscript evidence for these statements about Jesus, thus making it difficult to ignore."<ref>G. R. Habermas, ''The Historical Jesus'' p. 193</ref> And there are even a few scholars who support the authenticity of the entire passage.<ref>Daniel-Rops, ''Silence of Jesus' Contemporaries'' p. 21</ref> <br />
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Nonetheless, the fact that Josephus, by all accounts an adherent to Judaism, would so openly proclaim Jesus to be the Messiah who rose from the dead has been hard for many to accept, especially given Josephus’s later statement, which reservedly said only that Jesus was “called” the Christ. Likewise, the fact that some of the early Church Fathers did not employ this text, even when quoting from Josephus, has contributed to the doubts. However, this is (with one exception) an argument from silence, and some (later) Fathers did know the passage. The exception is Origen, who wrote that Josephus did not believe Jesus was the Christ. Though it is important not to take this one utterance too far, it does raise a legitimate question about the authenticity of the entire passage. Whatever the case, it is in no sense necessary to affirm the entirety of the passage in order to establish that Josephus did indeed record Jesus as a historical person, a claim that virtually every scholar (opinions about the integrity of the passage aside) would agree with. Indeed, the brief reference, concerning James, alone is enough to establish not only that Jesus was a real historical person, but that he had a significant impact, since Josephus could clarify which (of the many) people named James he was talking about merely by pointing to his relation with Jesus.<br />
<br />
==== Tacitus ====<br />
Tacitus was a Roman historian who, writing c. A. D. 116, included in his ''Annals '' a mention of Christianity and Jesus Christ. In describing Nero's persecution of Christians following the Great Fire of Rome in A. D. 64, he wrote:<br />
:''Nero fastened the guilt [of starting the blaze] and inflicted the most exquisite tortures on a class hated for their abominations, called Christians by the populace. Christ, from whom the name had its origin, suffered the extreme penalty during the reign of Tiberius [14-37] at the hands of one of our procurators, Pontius Pilate, and the most mischievous superstition, thus checked for the moment, again broke out not only in Judea, the first source of the evil, but even in Rome, where all things hideous and shameful from every part of the world find their centre and become popular.''<ref>Tacitus, ''Annals'' 15.44.</ref><br />
Tacitus was obviously hostile to Christianity and thus had no desire to give credence to the claims of the faith. Nonetheless, he identifies “Christ” (Latin ''Christus'') as the origin of the religion, and even mentions his crucifixion at the hands of Pontius Pilate. Tacitus's source was likely an imperial record, and it has been speculated that this may even have been one of Pilate's reports to the emperor.<ref>F.F. Bruce, ''Jesus and Christian Origins Outside the New Testament'', (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1974), p. 23.</ref> No scholar doubts the authenticity of the passage, in part because, as R. E. Van Voorst noted, it would be most improbable that a Christian would have interpolated "such disparaging remarks about Christianity".<ref>Robert E. Van Voorst, ''Jesus Outside the New Testament: An Introduction to the Ancient Evidence'' (Eerdmans, 2000), p. 43.</ref><br />
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==== Suetonius ====<br />
Gaius Suetonius Tranquillas, a Roman historian, wrote in A. D. 112 his ''Lives of the Twelve Caesars''. In his biography of the Emperor Claudius, he mentioned riots that had broken out in the Jewish community in Rome in 49, stating "As the Jews were making constant disturbances at the instigation of Chrestus [other manuscripts read ''Christus'', that is, “Christ”], he [Claudius] expelled them from Rome". (The riots and expulsion of the Jews was also recorded in Acts 18:2). Though some manuscripts read “Christus”, the original text may have read “Chrestus”, a possible spelling error or spelling variant intending to mean “Christ”.<ref>Francois Amiot, ''Jesus A Historical Person'' p. 8; F. F. Bruce, ''Christian Origins'' p. 21</ref> The term ''Chrestus'' also appears in some later texts as a reference Jesus.<ref>see his translation of Suetonius, ''Claudius'' 25, in ''The Twelve Caesars'' (Baltimore: Penguin, 1957), and his introduction p. 7, cf. p. 197</ref> Obviously, the riots occurred some years after Jesus’ death and ascension, and so the precise meaning of the passage is open to speculation.<br />
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==== Thallus ====<br />
Thallus, whose identity is difficult to determine, is known to have written a history from the Trojan War to his own time, which was sometime in the first or early second century. His work has been lost. However, an important reference to it was made by Sextus Julius Africanus. Julius Africanus, writing around 221, described the darkness and earthquakes which occurred when Our Lord was crucified (mentioned in the gospels). He cited Thallus as a non-Christian who gave testimony to these events:<br />
:''On the whole world there pressed a most fearful darkness; and the rocks were rent by an earthquake, and many places in Judea and other districts were thrown down. This darkness Thallus, in his third book of History, calls (as appears to me without reason) an eclipse of the sun.''<ref>Julius Africanus, ''Extant Writings'' XVIII in ''Ante-Nicene Fathers'', ed. A. Roberts and J. Donaldson (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1973) vol. VI, p. 130</ref><br />
<br />
==== (lost) Acts of Pilate ====<br />
The Acts of Pilate is a lost text, purportedly an official document (of the ''commentaii principis'') from Pilate to the Emperor Tiberius reporting events in Palestine. It was mentioned by [[Justin Martyr]], in his ''First Apology'' (''c''. A. D. 150) to [[Antoninus Pius]], [[Marcus Aurelius]], and [[Lucius Verus]]. Justin said that his claims concerning Jesus' crucifixion, and some miracles, could be verified by referencing the official record, the "Acts of Pontius Pilate".<ref>Justin Martyr, ''First Apology'' 48</ref> With the exception of Tertullian, no other writer is known to have mentioned the work, and Tertullian's reference says that Tiberius debated the details of Jesus' life before the Senate, an event that is almost universally considered absurd.<ref>see Tertullian, ''Apology'' V.</ref> However, Tertullian may not have been well informed about the work’s genuine contents, and doubts about the supposed debate need not necessarily extend to the Acts of Pilate itself. <br />
<br />
There is a later apocryphal text, undoubtedly fanciful, by the same name, which was likely inspired by Justin's reference. It is highly unlikely that Justin's reference was to the known apocryphal text.<ref>For a discussion, see Daniel-Rops, ''Silence of Jesus' Contemporaries'', p. 14</ref> And it would be unlikely that Justin would cite a document, one he claimed to be official and kept in the imperial archives, that was known to be fallacious or non-existent in a letter written to the emperor designed to defend Christianity. Nonetheless, it is impossible to conclude any certain position about the text, given the obscure nature of the evidence.<br />
<br />
=== Jewish records ===<br />
Rabbi Akiba, before his death in A. D. 135, recorded oral traditions, especially of a legal nature, in what is known as the Mishnah. This, together with commentaries called the “Gemaras”, constitute the Talmud. ''Sanhedrin'' 43a, which dates to the earliest period of composition (Tannaitic period) contains the following:<br />
:''One the eve of the Passover, Yeshu was hanged. Forty days before the execution took place, a herald went forth and cried: "He is going forth to be stoned because he has practiced sorcery and enticed Israel to apostasy. Any one who can say anything in his favour, let him come forward and plead on his behalf." But since nothing was brought forward in his favour he was hanged on the eve of the Passover.''<ref>''The Babylonian Talmud'', translated I. Epstein (London: Soncio, 1935), vol. 3, ''Sanhedrin'' 43a, p. 281</ref><br />
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The reference is certainly laconic, and at first the details seem incompatible with what is known about Jesus’ death. However, once it is observed that the phrase “hanged” was a manner of speech that was used to signify crucifixion (as in “hanged from a tree”), the passage may be interpreted as providing important support for Jesus’ death, around the Passover, in part because of accusations of blasphemy (enticing Israel to apostacy) and because of his wonderworkings (taken as sorcery, i.e. the product of devilish aid – an accusation recorded in the gospels). The act of stoning is not directly paralleled in the gospels, though John’s gospel does record such an attempt. It is important not to push this harmonization too far, especially because it misses the point, which is to observe a plausible Jewish record of key feature’s of Jesus’ life.<br />
<br />
== Proponents of the Myth argument ==<br />
A few academics, notably not including historians or biblical scholars, have asserted that Jesus never existed and that he is simply a mythological imagination. These include G. A. Wells (a professor of German, who has subsequently abandoned this position after reading the works of the renowned J.D.G. Dunn), Earl Doherty (who only holds a bachelors degree and once wrote a self-published booklet on the subject), Robert M. Price (a systematic theologian), Michael Martin (a philosopher), Richard Carrier (who, although he has a doctoral degree, failed to find an academic position in an institution of higher learning and is therefore currently a blogger), Timothy Freke (who holds no postgraduate degree), and Peter Gandy (who holds no doctoral degree). By such parenthetical comments this article does not intend to be uncharitable to the academics or others who hold to this position, but it is no disparagement to observe what it true: that these scholars are not historians or biblical scholars. Neither is it unfair to observe how this has, at times, impeded the quality of work produced. For example, in their work ''The Jesus Mysteries'', Timothy Freke and Peter Gandy used as cover art an image of an amulet of “Orpheus crucified” (their position being that Jesus was a mythological figure patterned after Osiris-Dionysus) which has been proven to be a forgery.<ref>"In his review of this book in ''Gnomon'', 1935, 476, Kern recants and expressed himself convinced by the expert opinion of Josef Keil and R. Zahn (''AGGELOS, Arch. f. neutest. Zeitgesch. und Kulturkunde'', 1926, 62 ff.) that the Orpheoc Bakkikos gem is a forgery." W. C. K. Guthrie, ''Orpheus and Greek Religion: A Study of the Orphic Movement'', 2nd ed. (London: Methuen, 1952), p. 278, n. to p. 265. This problem was identified by James Hannam; see his comments on his [http://bedejournal.blogspot.com/2004/07/some-news-and-thoughts-on-crucified.html Blog]</ref> <br />
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The mythological view has been rejected by the historical community. Michael Grant stated that the view derives from a lack of application of historical methods:<br />
:…''if we apply to the New Testament, as we should, the same sort of criteria as we should apply to other ancient writings containing historical material, we can no more reject Jesus' existence than we can reject the existence of a mass of pagan personages whose reality as historical figures is never questioned.''<ref>M. Grant, ''Jesus: An Historian's Review'', pp. 199-200</ref><br />
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Perhaps the scholarly opinion of the position is best summed by Robert E. Van Voorst:<br />
:''The nonhistoricity thesis has always been controversial, and it has consistently failed to convince scholars of many disciplines and religious creeds. ... Biblical scholars and classical historians now regard it as effectively refuted.''<ref>Robert E. Van Voorst, ''Jesus Outside the New Testament: An Introduction to the Ancient Evidence'' (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2000), p. 16.</ref><br />
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== Atheists and the denial that Jesus existed ==<br />
[[Image:David Christ on the Cross.jpg|right|150px|thumb|[[Jesus Christ|Christ]] on the Cross by [[Jacques Louis David]].]]<br />
''See also:'' [[Atheists and historical illiteracy]] and [[Atheism and evidence]]<br />
<br />
Historical illiteracy and an ignorance of [[historiography]] is widespread among [[atheism|atheists]] (see: [[Atheists and historical illiteracy]]).<br />
<br />
Despite their being an abundance of historical evidence for [[Jesus Christ]] living in the first century, many atheists embarrassingly claim the Jesus never existed.<br />
<br />
In an article entitled ''Scholarly opinions on the Jesus Myth'', Christopher Price wrote concerning individuals who insist that Jesus Christ was merely a mythical figure:<br />
{{cquote|I have often been asked why more academics do not take the time to respond to the Jesus Myth theory. After looking into this question, I discovered that most historians and New Testament scholars relevant to the topic have concluded that Jesus Mythers are beyond reason and therefore decide that they have better things to do with their time.<ref>[http://www.bede.org.uk/price1.htm ''Scholarly opinions on the Jesus Myth'' by Christopher Price]</ref>}}<br />
<br />
For more information, please see: [[Atheism and historical revisionism#Atheists and the denial that Jesus existed|Atheists and the denial that Jesus existed]]. <br />
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=== Atheists and selective use of academic consensus ===<br />
<br />
An irony of atheists asserting that Jesus never existed is that atheists often appeal to the academic consensus when it comes to pseudoscience such [[evolution]]. Atheists only seem to find it typical to quote the scholarly consensus when it appeals to their positions as something with value, however scholarly consensus seems to lose all value when it does not agree with them.<br />
{{See also|Atheist hypocrisy}}<br />
<br />
==== John Lennox's discussion with New Atheist Richard Dawkins ====<br />
<br />
[[John Lennox]] pointed out to [[New Atheism|New Atheist]] [[Richard Dawkins]] that Dawkins claimed in his book ''The God Delusion'' that Jesus may have never existed and that Dawkins errantly claimed that ancient historians have some disagreement on whether Jesus existed or not. After some additional discussion with Dawkins, Dawkins conceded that Jesus existed and said, "I take that back. Jesus existed".<ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ant5HS01tBQ Richard Dawkins admits Jesus existed]</ref><br />
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==Notes==<br />
{{Reflist|2}}<br />
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[[Category:Jesus]]</div>
Korvex
https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Historicity_of_Jesus&diff=1345765
Historicity of Jesus
2017-05-22T22:18:59Z
<p>Korvex: </p>
<hr />
<div>The '''historicity of Jesus''' focuses on whether [[Jesus Christ]] existed as a real historical person, or whether he is simply a mythological imagination. This article will show that the evidence for the existence of Jesus is overwhelming, as is agreed upon by every professor in every academic institution in every relevant field in the world.<ref>Ehrman, Bart D. Did Jesus exist?: The historical argument for Jesus of Nazareth. Harper Collins, 2012. Second introductory page.</ref> In other words, for someone to argue that Jesus never existed (and thus is merely a myth) is to place himself against not only the field of scholarship and the historical record, but even against reason and common sense. See also: [[Atheists and historical illiteracy]]<br />
<br />
== Sources ==<br />
=== Overview ===<br />
The sources for the historical existence of Jesus are many. First, there are four biographies – the [[gospel]]s of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John – written either by eyewitnesses, or by authors who had access to eyewitnesses. Some scholars have speculated that earlier sources (such as a Passion narrative) were written within a few years of Jesus’ death by members of the [[Jerusalem]] Church and were later incorporated in the gospels. There is also a collection of letters by [[Saint Paul]], who wrote from the late 40s to the mid 60s (when he was martyred). These letters include early creedal professions and hymns whose origins have been traced to within a few years of Jesus’ death and coming from the Jerusalem community. There are also other letters written by the apostles or disciples, including [[Saint Peter]] himself. A history of the early Church, the Acts of the Apostles contains information on Jesus’ earthly life, including internal source material such as the preserved preaching of Peter. Important testimony is also found in late first and early second century writings of the [[Early Church Fathers|Apostolic Fathers]]. Jesus’ earthly life was even mentioned by some pseudo-Christian and non-Christian writings, including the Romano-Jewish historian [[Josephus|Josephus Flavius]] – all to be discussed below.<br />
<br />
Obviously, the bulk of the information comes from Christian sources. This is to be expected. The common temptation to radically fissure the sources into Christian / non-Christian categories (with the former then being dismissed) is a practice foreign to historical methods. Historians certainly identify an author’s context, motivations, aims, and the like, but to dismiss a source (or whole group of sources) merely because the author(s) was personally invested in his subject is unjustified. For example, the only detailed source for the Roman general Agricola’s conquest of Britain was written by [[Tacitus]], his son-in-law, who was obviously personally interested in the career of his subject, and the glorification of Rome in general. But Tacitus’s invaluable work has formed the basis for historical reconstructions of the conquest, proving to be a wealth of information – and these reconstructions depend principally on just this one written source. As summarized by Craig L. Blomberg, “…if we can reconstruct reasonably accurate history from all kinds of other ancient sources, we ought to be able to do that from the gospels, even though they too are ideological.”<ref>quoted by [[Lee Strobel]], ''The Case for Christ'' (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1998), p. 31.</ref> Such an argument naturally extends to other Christian sources as well. That said, the evidence from non-Christian sources, even taken alone, is more than enough to establish the minimal claim of Jesus’ existence and influence.<br />
<br />
=== Holy Gospels ===<br />
The four biographies of the life of Jesus written during the first century A.D. are known as the Gospels of [[Gospel of Matthew|Matthew]], [[Gospel of Mark|Mark]], [[Gospel of Luke|Luke]], and [[Gospel of John|John]]. These works contain the most detailed information about the life of Jesus. Perhaps the best-known material would be Jesus’ birth, [[crucifixion]], [[resurrection]], and [[ascension]] into Heaven. The gospels contain all sorts of other information, naming Jesus’ close companions, identifying locations where his teachings were given or miracles were performed, describing Jewish customs in detail, referencing the topography of [[Jerusalem]], etc. <br />
<br />
While it is impossible to examine the gospels in detail here, it will suffice to show that they clearly presented themselves as historical documents, describing historical events in a falsifiable way and within a specific historical setting known to their audience. The three [[synoptic gospels]], Matthew, Mark, and Luke, were written before A. D. 70, with a much earlier date possible concerning Matthew. Their textual relations with one another, and their authorship, are complex topics, but a general summary based on the witnesses of history will prove useful. As the Church Fathers recorded, the Gospel of Matthew was written by [[Matthew the Apostle]], who was an eyewitness to the events he described. Mark was a follower of [[Peter the Apostle]], and he also had access to other sources, including Matthew’s Gospel, and probably Luke’s. Luke was a follower of [[St. Paul|Paul]], who would have had access to disciples of Jesus, and even his relatives, through connections with [[Antioch]] and ultimately Jerusalem. John’s Gospel was written last, around A. D. 90, by a disciple of the Lord and eyewitness to the events, referred to as the [[John the Apostle|‘beloved disciple’]] in the text. Historians have established that the [[Gospel of John]] is entirely dependent of the Gospels, and is not in any way reliant on them, directly or indirectly, and it has been shown that there is no evidence as of yet to suggest this. Thus, the gospel writers were either on the spot themselves, or they had access to people who were.<br />
<br />
Academics have also affirmed that the Gospels were written under the genre of ancient biography.<ref>[http://jesusevidences.com/ntgospelsbiographies.php Quotations of academics on genre of the Gospels]</ref> In fact, the great scholar [[Craig Keener]] states the following relating to the genre that the four Gospel accounts were written under;<br />
<br />
:''Through most of history, readers understood the Gospels as biographies, but after 1915 scholars tried to find some other classification for them, mainly because these scholars confused ancient and modern biography and noticed that the Gospels differed from the latter. The current trend, however, is again to recognize the Gospels as ancient biographies.''<ref>Keener, Craig, Commentary on Matthew, Intervarsity Press, Downer’s Grove, Ill., <br />
1997, 24</ref> <br />
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The gospel accounts were written early on, within a few decades of the death of Jesus, which is comparable to the earliness of most other ancient documents of ancient history. Much of our accounts of [[King Herod]] come 150 years after his death from the ancient Jewish historian [[Josephus]], and our earliest biographies on [[Alexander the Great]] were written a staggering 400 years after his death. Therefore, the gospels are considered to be historical documents by scholars, and early enough to contain a number of authentic memories of his life and death.<br />
<br />
===Pauline Epistles===<br />
A collection of letters written by Saint Paul also discuss Jesus. Paul was not himself an eyewitness of Jesus until after the resurrection, but was a contemporary of the life of Jesus, and besides whatever knowledge the Lord gave to him in his glorified state, Paul also knew Jesus’ disciples, especially Saint Peter. Paul’s letters are pastoral writings meant to address the needs of particular Christian communities, and as such they are not aimed at providing biographical narratives of Jesus’ life. Nonetheless, they do mention Jesus, especially his death and resurrection, but also the Last Supper, and they quote Jesus or reference his teachings. At times Paul qualified his own teachings by stating, “I say, not the Lord”, indicating that he knew Jesus’ teachings.<br />
<br />
Some mythicists have proposed that Paul refers to Jesus as a celestial, rather than earthly being, which is another concept that is universally rejected by modern historians. Nevertheless, such a hypothesis can be discarded, because all of the information given to us from Paul about Jesus during His earthly ministry refer to specific, earthly events, that are unknown in ancient Judaic literature to have any precedence in celestial or supernatural regions. For example, we are told by Paul that Jesus was born of a women on Earth under the law which only applies to humans (Galatians 4:4), he tells us that Jesus was killed by crucifixion (1 Corinthians 1:23), that He was executed by earthly rulers (1 Corinthians 2:8), that He was buried (1 Corinthians 15:4). Paul also quotes Messianic prophecies he believes apply to Jesus (e.g. Romans 10:16-Isaiah 53:1, Romans 15:21-Isaiah 52:15), and the Jewish belief in the Messiah was in a specifically earthly being, not celestial by any concept or exaggeration. All of these, and many other aspects that Paul applies to Jesus are only known in context of earthly humans and events, and therefore applying some sort of celestial belief to the Pauline epistles is entirely unwarranted and without any validation.<br />
<br />
=== Ancient Creeds ===<br />
Many of Paul’s letters, and other New Testament epistles, contain quotations from early creeds or creedal hymns. Scholars suppose that some of these creeds date to within a few years of Jesus' death, and were developed within the Christian community in Jerusalem. The great value of these texts as sources is elaborated upon by O. Cullmann, in his, ''The Earliest Christian Confessions'' trans. J. K. S. Reid (London: Lutterworth, 1949), and also G. R. Habermas, ''The Historical Jesus: Ancient Evidence for the Life of Christ'' (College Press, 1996). Much of the data below is taken from the latter.<br />
<br />
1 Corinthians 15:3-4 reads, "For what I received I passed on to you as of first importance: that Christ died for our sins according to the Scriptures, that he was buried, that he was raised on the third day according to the Scriptures." This contains a Christian creed of pre-Pauline origin.<ref>Neufeld, ''The Earliest Christian Confessions'' (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1964) p. 47; Reginald Fuller, ''The Formation of the Resurrection Narratives'' (New York: Macmillan, 1971) p. 10; Wolfhart Pannenberg, ''Jesus – God and Man'' translated Lewis Wilkins and Duane Pribe (Philadelphia: Westminster, 1968) p. 90; Oscar Cullmann, ''The Earlychurch: Studies in Early Christian History and Theology'', ed. A. J. B. Higgins (Philadelphia: Westminster, 1966) p. 64; Hans Conzelmann, ''1 Corinthians'', translated James W. Leitch (Philadelphia: Fortress 1969) p. 251; Bultmann, ''Theology of the New Testament'' vol. 1 pp. 45, 80-82, 293; R. E. Brown, ''The Virginal Conception and Bodily Resurrection of Jesus'' (New York: Paulist Press, 1973) pp. 81, 92</ref> The antiquity of the creed has been located by many Biblical scholars to less than a decade after Jesus' death, originating from the Jerusalem apostolic community.<ref>see Wolfhart Pannenberg, ''Jesus – God and Man'' translated Lewis Wilkins and Duane Pribe (Philadelphia: Westminster, 1968)p. 90; Oscar Cullmann, ''The Early church: Studies in Early Christian History and Theology'', ed. A. J. B. Higgins (Philadelphia: Westminster, 1966) p. 66-66; R. E. Brown, ''The Virginal Conception and Bodily Resurrection of Jesus'' (New York: Paulist Press, 1973) pp. 81; Thomas Sheehan, ''First Coming: How the Kingdom of God Became Christianity'' New York: Random House, 1986 pp. 110, 118; Ulrich Wilckens, ''Resurrection'' translated A. M. Stewart (Edinburgh: Saint Andrew, 1977) p. 2; Hans Grass, ''Ostergeschen und Osterberichte'', Second Edition (Gottingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, 1962) p96; Grass favors the origin in Damascus.</ref> Concerning this creed, Campenhausen wrote, "This account meets all the demands of historical reliability that could possibly be made of such a text,"<ref>Hans von Campenhausen, "The Events of Easter and the Empty Tomb," in ''Tradition and Life in the Church'' (Philadelphia: Fortress, 1968) p. 44</ref> whilst A. M. Hunter said, "The passage therefore preserves uniquely early and verifiable testimony. It meets every reasonable demand of historical reliability."<ref>Archibald Hunter, ''Works and Words of Jesus'' (1973) p. 100</ref><br />
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Other relevant creeds which predate the texts wherein they are found that have been identified are 1 John 4:2:,"This is how you can recognize the Spirit of God: Every spirit that acknowledges that Jesus Christ has come in the flesh is from God",<ref>Cullmann, ''Confessions'' p. 32</ref> 2 Timothy 2:8, "Remember Jesus Christ, raised from the dead, this is my Gospel",<ref>Bultmann, ''Theology of the New Testament'' vol 1, pp. 49, 81; Joachim Jeremias, ''The Eucharistic Words of Jesus'' translated Norman Perrin (London: SCM Press, 1966) p. 102</ref> Romans 1:3-4, "…regarding his Son, who as to his human nature was a descendant of David, and who through the spirit of holiness was declared with power to be the Son of God by his resurrection from the dead: Jesus Christ our Lord.",<ref>Wolfhart Pannenberg, ''Jesus – God and Man'' translated Lewis Wilkins and Duane Pribe (Philadelphia: Westminster, 1968) pp. 118, 283, 367; Neufeld, ''The Earliest Christian Confessions'' (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1964) pp. 7, 50; C. H. Dodd, ''The Apostolic Preaching and its Developments'' (Grand Rapids: Baker, 1980) p. 14</ref> and 1 Timothy 3:16, "He appeared in a body, was vindicated by the Spirit, was seen by angels, was preached among the nations, was believed on in the world, was taken up in glory," an early creedal hymn.<ref>Reginald Fuller, ''The Foundations of New Testament Christology'' (New York: Scriner's, 1965) pp. 214, 216, 227, 239; Joachim Jeremias, ''The Eucharistic Words of Jesus'' translated Norman Perrin (London: SCM Press, 1966) p. 102; Neufeld, ''The Earliest Christian Confessions'' (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1964) pp. 7, 9, 128</ref> These early creeds represent enormously early testimony of the historicity of Jesus, and their earliness combined with their large variety are most well-explained and understood in a historical framework where Jesus did exist, rather than some elaborate plan early on that has no known precedent whatsoever.<br />
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=== Early Church Fathers ===<br />
Early Christian sources outside the New Testament also mention Jesus and the historical details of his life. Important texts from the Apostolic Fathers are, to name just the most significant and ancient, Clement of Rome’s ''Letter to the Corinthians'' (''c.'' 100), Ignatius of Antioch’s many epistles (''c.'' 107-110), Justin Martyr’s second century apologetic works, and others. But perhaps the most significant Patristic sources are the early second century references of Papias and Quadratus (of Athens). They both mention disciples of Jesus – eyewitnesses who testified to his life and miracles – who were still alive at the time they wrote. Papias, in giving his sources for the information contained in his (now lost) gospel commentaries, stated:<br />
: ''…if by chance anyone who had been in attendance on the elders should come my way, I inquired about the words of the elders &mdash; [that is,] what [according to the elders] Andrew or Peter said, or Philip, or Thomas or James, or John or Matthew or any other of the Lord’s disciples, and whatever Aristion and the elder John, the Lord’s disciples, were saying.''<ref>translation by Richard Bauckham in his ''Jesus and the Eyewitnesses'' (Cambridge: Eerdmans, 2006), pp. 15-16.</ref><br />
Thus, while Papias was collecting his information (''c''. 90), Aristion and the elder John (who were Jesus’ disciples) were still alive and teaching in Asia minor, and Papias gathered information from people who had known them.<ref>Richard Bauckham, ''Jesus and the Eyewitnesses'' (Cambridge: Eerdmans, 2006), pp. 15-21.</ref> Another Father, Quadratus, who wrote an apology to the emperor Hadrian, stated:<br />
: ''The words of our Savior were always present, for they were true: those who were healed, those who rose from the dead, those who were not only seen in the act of being healed or raised, but were also always present, not merely when the Savior was living on earth, but also for a considerable time after his departure, so that some of them survived even to our own times.''<ref>Quoted in Eusebius, ''Ecclesiastical History'' 4.3.2, translation by Richard Bauckham in his ''Jesus and the Eyewitnesses'' (Cambridge: Eerdmans, 2006), p. 53.</ref><br />
By “our Savior” Quadratus means Jesus, and by “our times” he presumably refers to his early life, rather than when he wrote (117-124), which would be a reference contemporary with Papias.<ref>Richard Bauckham, ''Jesus and the Eyewitnesses'' (Cambridge: Eerdmans, 2006), pp. 53l.</ref><br />
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Other early Christian texts mention Jesus is in detail. The Didache, for example, is a collection of teachings based on the apostolic witness, which itself was based on Jesus’ doctrine. Many of these texts, however, are too late (dating to the second half of the second century) to be used as proper historical sources, at least not without much caution, and they cannot establish the same claim to eyewitness authority as can the other writings mentioned above.<br />
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''See also'' [[Diatessaron]] and [[Harmony of the Gospel (Conservative Version)]].<br />
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=== Pseudo-Christian Sources ===<br />
An early [[heretical]] section known as [[gnosticism]] produced texts that purported to contain information about Jesus, generally his (enigmatic) sayings. They are very dubious sources, dating to the second half of the second century at the earliest, and lacking a historical connection to the disciples (despite their claims). They are perhaps most useful in reminding us of how good the earlier (and orthodox) gospels are, by presenting us with an example of what an inaccurate source concerning Jesus really looks like. Furthermore, the gnostic texts show a general disinterest in the historical details of Jesus’ life, and they fail to present a standard historical narrative, giving only a list of sayings framed in the structure of an alleged secret revelation.<br />
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Nonetheless, certain [[Gnostic]] texts do mention Jesus in the context of his earthly existence, and some scholars have, with great caution, sought to glean certain bits of information about Jesus from them.<ref>James M. Robinson, ed., ''The Nag Hammadi Library in English'' (San Francisco: Harper and Row, 1977) and especially his essay in Hedrick and Hodgson, ''Nag Hammadi, Gnosticism, and Early Christianity'' (Peabody: Hendrickson, 1986); R. E. Brown, "The Christians Who Lost Out" in ''The New York Times Book Review'', 20 January 1980 p. 3; Koester in Robinson, ''Nag Hammadi in English'', vol. 2 pp. 4, 47, 68, 150-154, 180.</ref> The relevance for us in not so much the conclusions of these scholars, but the fact that, in a minimal and contingent way, they help dispel the notion that Jesus never existed as a historical figure. Examples of such texts include the ''Gospel of Truth'', ''Treatise on Resurrection'', and the ''Apocryphon of John'', the latter of which opens with the following:<br />
: ''It happened one day when John, the brother of James – who are sons of Zebedee – went up and came to the temple, that a Pharisee named Arimanius approached him and said to him: "Where is your master whom you followed?" And he said to them: "He has gone to the place from which he came." The Pharisee said to him: "This Nazarene deceived you all with deception and filled your ears with lies and closed your hearts and turned you from the traditions of your fathers."''<ref>''Apocryphon of John'' 1:5-17</ref><br />
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=== Greco-Roman Sources ===<br />
Greco-Roman sources of the time show little to no interest in the religious movements of the backwater and troublesome Jewish province of Judea, or even the Near East in general. Perhaps the exception would be Josephus, a Romano-Jewish historian who was interested in recording Jewish history, especially the political conflicts that lead to the military downfall of zealous Jewish nationalistic movements. Though not centrally concerned with religious developments, Josephus did mention Jesus, and other Christians such as James and the Precursor of the Lord, St. John the Baptist (who may be considered Christian since he accepted Jesus as the Christ, though he would be beheaded long before Jesus’ death and glorification). Furthermore, other writers do mention Jesus as well, and their passages will be examined below.<br />
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The sum total of this material establishes that Jesus existed, and that he was a significant figure who made a marked religious impact. His Messianic claims, his reputation and following, his crucifixion, and the controversy between him (and his followers) and the Jewish authorities are all supported by these texts. Furthermore, it may be that more dramatic occurrences, such as his miracles and even resurrection, are witnessed by Josephus – though these greater claims about the Greco-Roman material are certainly open to debate. Without a doubt, the best material concerning Jesus remains the gospels and other New Testament texts, as well as the testimony of the Apostolic Fathers. But these Greco-Roman sources provide important secondary testimony and, even taken alone, are enough to refute the view that Jesus is merely a mythological imagination.<br />
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====Josephus====<br />
[[Josephus|Flavius Josephus]] (c. A.D. 37 – 100) was a Jew and a Roman citizen who worked under the patronage of the Flavian dynasty. Josephus is unusual in that, while he was Jewish, he was loyal to the Roman political powers. In A. D. 93 he wrote his ''Antiquities of the Jews'', a work recording the history of the Jews. In it, Jesus is mentioned twice. The second mentioning is the shorter, and will be discussed first. It is a completely disinterested comment made in passing, where, when talking about James, Josephus specifies which James he means by identifying his subject as James "the brother [or kinsman] of Jesus, who was called Christ".<ref>Josephus ''[http://www.ccel.org/ccel/josephus/works/files/ant-20.htm Antiquities 20:9.1]''</ref> Scholars have found little or no reason to doubt the authenticity of this passage and have, by and large, accepted it as genuine.<ref>Louis H. Feldman, "Josephus" Anchor Bible Dictionary, Vol. 3, pp. 990–91</ref> <br />
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More notably, an earlier mention of Jesus is made in a passage that has come to be called the ''Testimonium Flavianum'':<br />
:''About this time came Jesus, a wise man, if indeed it is appropriate to call him a man. For he was a performer of paradoxical feats, a teacher of people who accept the unusual with pleasure, and he won over many of the Jews and also many Greeks. He was the Christ. When Pilate, upon the accusation of the first men amongst us, condemned him to be crucified, those who had formerly loved him did not cease [to follow him], for he appeared to them on the third day, living again, as the divine prophets foretold, along with a myriad of other marvelous things concerning him. And the tribe of the Christians, so named after him, has not disappeared to this day.''<ref>Josephus ''[http://www.ccel.org/j/josephus/works/ant-18.htm Antiquities 18.3.3]''</ref><br />
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Most scholars accept the authenticity of the majority of the passage.<ref>John Drane ''Introducing the New Testament'' (San Francisco: Harper and Row, 1986) p. 138; also, James H. Charlesworth, ''Jesus Within Judaism'' (Garden City: Doubleday, 1988) p. 96</ref> However, certain parts have been called into question, especially those which conform with the Christian creed. These doubts are not based on the manuscript record, which is consistent, nor on the language, which is stylistically harmonious with Josephus.<ref>Henri Daniel-Rops, ''Silence of Jesus' Contemporaries'' p. 21; J.N.D. Anderson, ''Christianity: The Witness of History'' (London: Tyndale, 1969)p. 20; F.F. Bruce, ''New Testament Documents: Are They Reliable?'' (Grand Rapids, Eerdmans, 1967) p. 108.</ref> Concerning the ''Testimonium Flavianum'', Habermas wrote, "There is no textual evidence against it, and, conversely, there is very good manuscript evidence for these statements about Jesus, thus making it difficult to ignore."<ref>G. R. Habermas, ''The Historical Jesus'' p. 193</ref> And there are even a few scholars who support the authenticity of the entire passage.<ref>Daniel-Rops, ''Silence of Jesus' Contemporaries'' p. 21</ref> <br />
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Nonetheless, the fact that Josephus, by all accounts an adherent to Judaism, would so openly proclaim Jesus to be the Messiah who rose from the dead has been hard for many to accept, especially given Josephus’s later statement, which reservedly said only that Jesus was “called” the Christ. Likewise, the fact that some of the early Church Fathers did not employ this text, even when quoting from Josephus, has contributed to the doubts. However, this is (with one exception) an argument from silence, and some (later) Fathers did know the passage. The exception is Origen, who wrote that Josephus did not believe Jesus was the Christ. Though it is important not to take this one utterance too far, it does raise a legitimate question about the authenticity of the entire passage. Whatever the case, it is in no sense necessary to affirm the entirety of the passage in order to establish that Josephus did indeed record Jesus as a historical person, a claim that virtually every scholar (opinions about the integrity of the passage aside) would agree with. Indeed, the brief reference, concerning James, alone is enough to establish not only that Jesus was a real historical person, but that he had a significant impact, since Josephus could clarify which (of the many) people named James he was talking about merely by pointing to his relation with Jesus.<br />
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==== Tacitus ====<br />
Tacitus was a Roman historian who, writing c. A. D. 116, included in his ''Annals '' a mention of Christianity and Jesus Christ. In describing Nero's persecution of Christians following the Great Fire of Rome in A. D. 64, he wrote:<br />
:''Nero fastened the guilt [of starting the blaze] and inflicted the most exquisite tortures on a class hated for their abominations, called Christians by the populace. Christ, from whom the name had its origin, suffered the extreme penalty during the reign of Tiberius [14-37] at the hands of one of our procurators, Pontius Pilate, and the most mischievous superstition, thus checked for the moment, again broke out not only in Judea, the first source of the evil, but even in Rome, where all things hideous and shameful from every part of the world find their centre and become popular.''<ref>Tacitus, ''Annals'' 15.44.</ref><br />
Tacitus was obviously hostile to Christianity and thus had no desire to give credence to the claims of the faith. Nonetheless, he identifies “Christ” (Latin ''Christus'') as the origin of the religion, and even mentions his crucifixion at the hands of Pontius Pilate. Tacitus's source was likely an imperial record, and it has been speculated that this may even have been one of Pilate's reports to the emperor.<ref>F.F. Bruce, ''Jesus and Christian Origins Outside the New Testament'', (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1974), p. 23.</ref> No scholar doubts the authenticity of the passage, in part because, as R. E. Van Voorst noted, it would be most improbable that a Christian would have interpolated "such disparaging remarks about Christianity".<ref>Robert E. Van Voorst, ''Jesus Outside the New Testament: An Introduction to the Ancient Evidence'' (Eerdmans, 2000), p. 43.</ref><br />
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==== Suetonius ====<br />
Gaius Suetonius Tranquillas, a Roman historian, wrote in A. D. 112 his ''Lives of the Twelve Caesars''. In his biography of the Emperor Claudius, he mentioned riots that had broken out in the Jewish community in Rome in 49, stating "As the Jews were making constant disturbances at the instigation of Chrestus [other manuscripts read ''Christus'', that is, “Christ”], he [Claudius] expelled them from Rome". (The riots and expulsion of the Jews was also recorded in Acts 18:2). Though some manuscripts read “Christus”, the original text may have read “Chrestus”, a possible spelling error or spelling variant intending to mean “Christ”.<ref>Francois Amiot, ''Jesus A Historical Person'' p. 8; F. F. Bruce, ''Christian Origins'' p. 21</ref> The term ''Chrestus'' also appears in some later texts as a reference Jesus.<ref>see his translation of Suetonius, ''Claudius'' 25, in ''The Twelve Caesars'' (Baltimore: Penguin, 1957), and his introduction p. 7, cf. p. 197</ref> Obviously, the riots occurred some years after Jesus’ death and ascension, and so the precise meaning of the passage is open to speculation.<br />
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==== Thallus ====<br />
Thallus, whose identity is difficult to determine, is known to have written a history from the Trojan War to his own time, which was sometime in the first or early second century. His work has been lost. However, an important reference to it was made by Sextus Julius Africanus. Julius Africanus, writing around 221, described the darkness and earthquakes which occurred when Our Lord was crucified (mentioned in the gospels). He cited Thallus as a non-Christian who gave testimony to these events:<br />
:''On the whole world there pressed a most fearful darkness; and the rocks were rent by an earthquake, and many places in Judea and other districts were thrown down. This darkness Thallus, in his third book of History, calls (as appears to me without reason) an eclipse of the sun.''<ref>Julius Africanus, ''Extant Writings'' XVIII in ''Ante-Nicene Fathers'', ed. A. Roberts and J. Donaldson (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1973) vol. VI, p. 130</ref><br />
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==== (lost) Acts of Pilate ====<br />
The Acts of Pilate is a lost text, purportedly an official document (of the ''commentaii principis'') from Pilate to the Emperor Tiberius reporting events in Palestine. It was mentioned by [[Justin Martyr]], in his ''First Apology'' (''c''. A. D. 150) to [[Antoninus Pius]], [[Marcus Aurelius]], and [[Lucius Verus]]. Justin said that his claims concerning Jesus' crucifixion, and some miracles, could be verified by referencing the official record, the "Acts of Pontius Pilate".<ref>Justin Martyr, ''First Apology'' 48</ref> With the exception of Tertullian, no other writer is known to have mentioned the work, and Tertullian's reference says that Tiberius debated the details of Jesus' life before the Senate, an event that is almost universally considered absurd.<ref>see Tertullian, ''Apology'' V.</ref> However, Tertullian may not have been well informed about the work’s genuine contents, and doubts about the supposed debate need not necessarily extend to the Acts of Pilate itself. <br />
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There is a later apocryphal text, undoubtedly fanciful, by the same name, which was likely inspired by Justin's reference. It is highly unlikely that Justin's reference was to the known apocryphal text.<ref>For a discussion, see Daniel-Rops, ''Silence of Jesus' Contemporaries'', p. 14</ref> And it would be unlikely that Justin would cite a document, one he claimed to be official and kept in the imperial archives, that was known to be fallacious or non-existent in a letter written to the emperor designed to defend Christianity. Nonetheless, it is impossible to conclude any certain position about the text, given the obscure nature of the evidence.<br />
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=== Jewish records ===<br />
Rabbi Akiba, before his death in A. D. 135, recorded oral traditions, especially of a legal nature, in what is known as the Mishnah. This, together with commentaries called the “Gemaras”, constitute the Talmud. ''Sanhedrin'' 43a, which dates to the earliest period of composition (Tannaitic period) contains the following:<br />
:''One the eve of the Passover, Yeshu was hanged. Forty days before the execution took place, a herald went forth and cried: "He is going forth to be stoned because he has practiced sorcery and enticed Israel to apostasy. Any one who can say anything in his favour, let him come forward and plead on his behalf." But since nothing was brought forward in his favour he was hanged on the eve of the Passover.''<ref>''The Babylonian Talmud'', translated I. Epstein (London: Soncio, 1935), vol. 3, ''Sanhedrin'' 43a, p. 281</ref><br />
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The reference is certainly laconic, and at first the details seem incompatible with what is known about Jesus’ death. However, once it is observed that the phrase “hanged” was a manner of speech that was used to signify crucifixion (as in “hanged from a tree”), the passage may be interpreted as providing important support for Jesus’ death, around the Passover, in part because of accusations of blasphemy (enticing Israel to apostacy) and because of his wonderworkings (taken as sorcery, i.e. the product of devilish aid – an accusation recorded in the gospels). The act of stoning is not directly paralleled in the gospels, though John’s gospel does record such an attempt. It is important not to push this harmonization too far, especially because it misses the point, which is to observe a plausible Jewish record of key feature’s of Jesus’ life.<br />
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== Proponents of the Myth argument ==<br />
A few academics, notably not including historians or biblical scholars, have asserted that Jesus never existed and that he is simply a mythological imagination. These include G. A. Wells (a professor of German, who has subsequently abandoned this position after reading the works of the renowned J.D.G. Dunn), Earl Doherty (who only holds a bachelors degree and once wrote a self-published booklet on the subject), Robert M. Price (a systematic theologian), Michael Martin (a philosopher), Richard Carrier (who, although he has a doctoral degree, failed to find an academic position in an institution of higher learning and is therefore currently a blogger), Timothy Freke (who holds no postgraduate degree), and Peter Gandy (who holds no doctoral degree). By such parenthetical comments this article does not intend to be uncharitable to the academics or others who hold to this position, but it is no disparagement to observe what it true: that these scholars are not historians or biblical scholars. Neither is it unfair to observe how this has, at times, impeded the quality of work produced. For example, in their work ''The Jesus Mysteries'', Timothy Freke and Peter Gandy used as cover art an image of an amulet of “Orpheus crucified” (their position being that Jesus was a mythological figure patterned after Osiris-Dionysus) which has been proven to be a forgery.<ref>"In his review of this book in ''Gnomon'', 1935, 476, Kern recants and expressed himself convinced by the expert opinion of Josef Keil and R. Zahn (''AGGELOS, Arch. f. neutest. Zeitgesch. und Kulturkunde'', 1926, 62 ff.) that the Orpheoc Bakkikos gem is a forgery." W. C. K. Guthrie, ''Orpheus and Greek Religion: A Study of the Orphic Movement'', 2nd ed. (London: Methuen, 1952), p. 278, n. to p. 265. This problem was identified by James Hannam; see his comments on his [http://bedejournal.blogspot.com/2004/07/some-news-and-thoughts-on-crucified.html Blog]</ref> <br />
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The mythological view has been rejected by the historical community. Michael Grant stated that the view derives from a lack of application of historical methods:<br />
:…''if we apply to the New Testament, as we should, the same sort of criteria as we should apply to other ancient writings containing historical material, we can no more reject Jesus' existence than we can reject the existence of a mass of pagan personages whose reality as historical figures is never questioned.''<ref>M. Grant, ''Jesus: An Historian's Review'', pp. 199-200</ref><br />
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Perhaps the scholarly opinion of the position is best summed by Robert E. Van Voorst:<br />
:''The nonhistoricity thesis has always been controversial, and it has consistently failed to convince scholars of many disciplines and religious creeds. ... Biblical scholars and classical historians now regard it as effectively refuted.''<ref>Robert E. Van Voorst, ''Jesus Outside the New Testament: An Introduction to the Ancient Evidence'' (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2000), p. 16.</ref><br />
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== Atheists and the denial that Jesus existed ==<br />
[[Image:David Christ on the Cross.jpg|right|150px|thumb|[[Jesus Christ|Christ]] on the Cross by [[Jacques Louis David]].]]<br />
''See also:'' [[Atheists and historical illiteracy]] and [[Atheism and evidence]]<br />
<br />
Historical illiteracy and an ignorance of [[historiography]] is widespread among [[atheism|atheists]] (see: [[Atheists and historical illiteracy]]).<br />
<br />
Despite their being an abundance of historical evidence for [[Jesus Christ]] living in the first century, many atheists embarrassingly claim the Jesus never existed.<br />
<br />
In an article entitled ''Scholarly opinions on the Jesus Myth'', Christopher Price wrote concerning individuals who insist that Jesus Christ was merely a mythical figure:<br />
{{cquote|I have often been asked why more academics do not take the time to respond to the Jesus Myth theory. After looking into this question, I discovered that most historians and New Testament scholars relevant to the topic have concluded that Jesus Mythers are beyond reason and therefore decide that they have better things to do with their time.<ref>[http://www.bede.org.uk/price1.htm ''Scholarly opinions on the Jesus Myth'' by Christopher Price]</ref>}}<br />
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For more information, please see: [[Atheism and historical revisionism#Atheists and the denial that Jesus existed|Atheists and the denial that Jesus existed]]. <br />
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=== Atheists and selective use of academic consensus ===<br />
<br />
An irony of atheists asserting that Jesus never existed is that atheists often appeal to the academic consensus when it comes to pseudoscience such [[evolution]]. And [[secular left]]ists often appeal to the academic consensus when engaging in [[global warming]] alarmism. <br />
{{See also|Atheist hypocrisy}}<br />
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==== John Lennox's discussion with New Atheist Richard Dawkins ====<br />
<br />
[[John Lennox]] pointed out to [[New Atheism|New Atheist]] [[Richard Dawkins]] that Dawkins claimed in his book ''The God Delusion'' that Jesus may have never existed and that Dawkins errantly claimed that ancient historians have some disagreement on whether Jesus existed or not. After some additional discussion with Dawkins, Dawkins conceded that Jesus existed and said, "I take that back. Jesus existed".<ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ant5HS01tBQ Richard Dawkins admits Jesus existed]</ref><br />
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==Notes==<br />
{{Reflist|2}}<br />
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[[Category:Jesus]]</div>
Korvex
https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Historicity_of_Jesus&diff=1345764
Historicity of Jesus
2017-05-22T22:17:02Z
<p>Korvex: /* Ancient Creeds */</p>
<hr />
<div>The '''historicity of Jesus''' focuses on whether [[Jesus Christ]] existed as a real historical person, or whether he is simply a mythological imagination. This article will show that the evidence for the existence of Jesus is overwhelming, as is agreed upon by every professor in every academic institution in every relevant field in the world.<ref>Ehrman, Bart D. Did Jesus exist?: The historical argument for Jesus of Nazareth. Harper Collins, 2012. Second introductory page.</ref> In other words, for someone to argue that Jesus never existed (and thus is merely a myth) is to place himself against not only the field of scholarship and the historical record, but even against reason and common sense. See also: [[Atheists and historical illiteracy]]<br />
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== Sources ==<br />
=== Overview ===<br />
The sources for the historical existence of Jesus are many. First, there are four biographies – the [[gospel]]s of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John – written either by eyewitnesses, or by authors who had access to eyewitnesses. Some scholars have speculated that earlier sources (such as a Passion narrative) were written within a few years of Jesus’ death by members of the [[Jerusalem]] Church and were later incorporated in the gospels. There is also a collection of letters by [[Saint Paul]], who wrote from the late 40s to the mid 60s (when he was martyred). These letters include early creedal professions and hymns whose origins have been traced to within a few years of Jesus’ death and coming from the Jerusalem community. There are also other letters written by the apostles or disciples, including [[Saint Peter]] himself. A history of the early Church, the Acts of the Apostles contains information on Jesus’ earthly life, including internal source material such as the preserved preaching of Peter. Important testimony is also found in late first and early second century writings of the [[Early Church Fathers|Apostolic Fathers]]. Jesus’ earthly life was even mentioned by some pseudo-Christian and non-Christian writings, including the Romano-Jewish historian [[Josephus|Josephus Flavius]] – all to be discussed below.<br />
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Obviously, the bulk of the information comes from Christian sources. This is to be expected. The common temptation to radically fissure the sources into Christian / non-Christian categories (with the former then being dismissed) is a practice foreign to historical methods. Historians certainly identify an author’s context, motivations, aims, and the like, but to dismiss a source (or whole group of sources) merely because the author(s) was personally invested in his subject is unjustified. For example, the only detailed source for the Roman general Agricola’s conquest of Britain was written by [[Tacitus]], his son-in-law, who was obviously personally interested in the career of his subject, and the glorification of Rome in general. But Tacitus’s invaluable work has formed the basis for historical reconstructions of the conquest, proving to be a wealth of information – and these reconstructions depend principally on just this one written source. As summarized by Craig L. Blomberg, “…if we can reconstruct reasonably accurate history from all kinds of other ancient sources, we ought to be able to do that from the gospels, even though they too are ideological.”<ref>quoted by [[Lee Strobel]], ''The Case for Christ'' (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1998), p. 31.</ref> Such an argument naturally extends to other Christian sources as well. That said, the evidence from non-Christian sources, even taken alone, is more than enough to establish the minimal claim of Jesus’ existence and influence.<br />
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=== Holy Gospels ===<br />
The four biographies of the life of Jesus written during the first century A.D. are known as the Gospels of [[Gospel of Matthew|Matthew]], [[Gospel of Mark|Mark]], [[Gospel of Luke|Luke]], and [[Gospel of John|John]]. These works contain the most detailed information about the life of Jesus. Perhaps the best-known material would be Jesus’ birth, [[crucifixion]], [[resurrection]], and [[ascension]] into Heaven. The gospels contain all sorts of other information, naming Jesus’ close companions, identifying locations where his teachings were given or miracles were performed, describing Jewish customs in detail, referencing the topography of [[Jerusalem]], etc. <br />
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While it is impossible to examine the gospels in detail here, it will suffice to show that they clearly presented themselves as historical documents, describing historical events in a falsifiable way and within a specific historical setting known to their audience. The three [[synoptic gospels]], Matthew, Mark, and Luke, were written before A. D. 70, with a much earlier date possible concerning Matthew. Their textual relations with one another, and their authorship, are complex topics, but a general summary based on the witnesses of history will prove useful. As the Church Fathers recorded, the Gospel of Matthew was written by [[Matthew the Apostle]], who was an eyewitness to the events he described. Mark was a follower of [[Peter the Apostle]], and he also had access to other sources, including Matthew’s Gospel, and probably Luke’s. Luke was a follower of [[St. Paul|Paul]], who would have had access to disciples of Jesus, and even his relatives, through connections with [[Antioch]] and ultimately Jerusalem. John’s Gospel was written last, around A. D. 90, by a disciple of the Lord and eyewitness to the events, referred to as the [[John the Apostle|‘beloved disciple’]] in the text. Historians have established that the [[Gospel of John]] is entirely dependent of the Gospels, and is not in any way reliant on them, directly or indirectly, and it has been shown that there is no evidence as of yet to suggest this. Thus, the gospel writers were either on the spot themselves, or they had access to people who were.<br />
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Academics have also affirmed that the Gospels were written under the genre of ancient biography.<ref>[http://jesusevidences.com/ntgospelsbiographies.php Quotations of academics on genre of the Gospels]</ref> In fact, the great scholar [[Craig Keener]] states the following relating to the genre that the four Gospel accounts were written under;<br />
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:''Through most of history, readers understood the Gospels as biographies, but after 1915 scholars tried to find some other classification for them, mainly because these scholars confused ancient and modern biography and noticed that the Gospels differed from the latter. The current trend, however, is again to recognize the Gospels as ancient biographies.''<ref>Keener, Craig, Commentary on Matthew, Intervarsity Press, Downer’s Grove, Ill., <br />
1997, 24</ref> <br />
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The gospel accounts were written early on, within a few decades of the death of Jesus, which is comparable to the earliness of most other ancient documents of ancient history. Much of our accounts of [[King Herod]] come 150 years after his death from the ancient Jewish historian [[Josephus]], and our earliest biographies on [[Alexander the Great]] were written a staggering 400 years after his death. Therefore, the gospels are considered to be historical documents by scholars, and early enough to contain a number of authentic memories of his life and death.<br />
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===Pauline Epistles===<br />
A collection of letters written by Saint Paul also discuss Jesus. Paul was not himself an eyewitness of Jesus until after the resurrection, but was a contemporary of the life of Jesus, and besides whatever knowledge the Lord gave to him in his glorified state, Paul also knew Jesus’ disciples, especially Saint Peter. Paul’s letters are pastoral writings meant to address the needs of particular Christian communities, and as such they are not aimed at providing biographical narratives of Jesus’ life. Nonetheless, they do mention Jesus, especially his death and resurrection, but also the Last Supper, and they quote Jesus or reference his teachings. At times Paul qualified his own teachings by stating, “I say, not the Lord”, indicating that he knew Jesus’ teachings.<br />
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Some mythicists have proposed that Paul refers to Jesus as a celestial, rather than earthly being, which is another concept that is universally rejected by modern historians. Nevertheless, such a hypothesis can be discarded, because all of the information given to us from Paul about Jesus during His earthly ministry refer to specific, earthly events, that are unknown in ancient Judaic literature to have any precedence in celestial or supernatural regions. For example, we are told by Paul that Jesus was born of a women on Earth under the law which only applies to humans (Galatians 4:4), he tells us that Jesus was killed by crucifixion (1 Corinthians 1:23), that He was executed by earthly rulers (1 Corinthians 2:8), that He was buried (1 Corinthians 15:4). Paul also quotes Messianic prophecies he believes apply to Jesus (e.g. Romans 10:16-Isaiah 53:1, Romans 15:21-Isaiah 52:15), and the Jewish belief in the Messiah was in a specifically earthly being, not celestial by any concept or exaggeration. All of these, and many other aspects that Paul applies to Jesus are only known in context of earthly humans and events, and therefore applying some sort of celestial belief to the Pauline epistles is entirely unwarranted and without any validation.<br />
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=== Ancient Creeds ===<br />
Many of Paul’s letters, and other New Testament epistles, contain quotations from early creeds or creedal hymns. Scholars suppose that some of these creeds date to within a few years of Jesus' death, and were developed within the Christian community in Jerusalem. The great value of these texts as sources is elaborated upon by O. Cullmann, in his, ''The Earliest Christian Confessions'' trans. J. K. S. Reid (London: Lutterworth, 1949), and also G. R. Habermas, ''The Historical Jesus: Ancient Evidence for the Life of Christ'' (College Press, 1996). Much of the data below is taken from the latter.<br />
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1 Corinthians 15:3-4 reads, "For what I received I passed on to you as of first importance: that Christ died for our sins according to the Scriptures, that he was buried, that he was raised on the third day according to the Scriptures." This contains a Christian creed of pre-Pauline origin.<ref>Neufeld, ''The Earliest Christian Confessions'' (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1964) p. 47; Reginald Fuller, ''The Formation of the Resurrection Narratives'' (New York: Macmillan, 1971) p. 10; Wolfhart Pannenberg, ''Jesus – God and Man'' translated Lewis Wilkins and Duane Pribe (Philadelphia: Westminster, 1968) p. 90; Oscar Cullmann, ''The Earlychurch: Studies in Early Christian History and Theology'', ed. A. J. B. Higgins (Philadelphia: Westminster, 1966) p. 64; Hans Conzelmann, ''1 Corinthians'', translated James W. Leitch (Philadelphia: Fortress 1969) p. 251; Bultmann, ''Theology of the New Testament'' vol. 1 pp. 45, 80-82, 293; R. E. Brown, ''The Virginal Conception and Bodily Resurrection of Jesus'' (New York: Paulist Press, 1973) pp. 81, 92</ref> The antiquity of the creed has been located by many Biblical scholars to less than a decade after Jesus' death, originating from the Jerusalem apostolic community.<ref>see Wolfhart Pannenberg, ''Jesus – God and Man'' translated Lewis Wilkins and Duane Pribe (Philadelphia: Westminster, 1968)p. 90; Oscar Cullmann, ''The Early church: Studies in Early Christian History and Theology'', ed. A. J. B. Higgins (Philadelphia: Westminster, 1966) p. 66-66; R. E. Brown, ''The Virginal Conception and Bodily Resurrection of Jesus'' (New York: Paulist Press, 1973) pp. 81; Thomas Sheehan, ''First Coming: How the Kingdom of God Became Christianity'' New York: Random House, 1986 pp. 110, 118; Ulrich Wilckens, ''Resurrection'' translated A. M. Stewart (Edinburgh: Saint Andrew, 1977) p. 2; Hans Grass, ''Ostergeschen und Osterberichte'', Second Edition (Gottingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, 1962) p96; Grass favors the origin in Damascus.</ref> Concerning this creed, Campenhausen wrote, "This account meets all the demands of historical reliability that could possibly be made of such a text,"<ref>Hans von Campenhausen, "The Events of Easter and the Empty Tomb," in ''Tradition and Life in the Church'' (Philadelphia: Fortress, 1968) p. 44</ref> whilst A. M. Hunter said, "The passage therefore preserves uniquely early and verifiable testimony. It meets every reasonable demand of historical reliability."<ref>Archibald Hunter, ''Works and Words of Jesus'' (1973) p. 100</ref><br />
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Other relevant creeds which predate the texts wherein they are found that have been identified are 1 John 4:2:,"This is how you can recognize the Spirit of God: Every spirit that acknowledges that Jesus Christ has come in the flesh is from God",<ref>Cullmann, ''Confessions'' p. 32</ref> 2 Timothy 2:8, "Remember Jesus Christ, raised from the dead, this is my Gospel",<ref>Bultmann, ''Theology of the New Testament'' vol 1, pp. 49, 81; Joachim Jeremias, ''The Eucharistic Words of Jesus'' translated Norman Perrin (London: SCM Press, 1966) p. 102</ref> Romans 1:3-4, "…regarding his Son, who as to his human nature was a descendant of David, and who through the spirit of holiness was declared with power to be the Son of God by his resurrection from the dead: Jesus Christ our Lord.",<ref>Wolfhart Pannenberg, ''Jesus – God and Man'' translated Lewis Wilkins and Duane Pribe (Philadelphia: Westminster, 1968) pp. 118, 283, 367; Neufeld, ''The Earliest Christian Confessions'' (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1964) pp. 7, 50; C. H. Dodd, ''The Apostolic Preaching and its Developments'' (Grand Rapids: Baker, 1980) p. 14</ref> and 1 Timothy 3:16, "He appeared in a body, was vindicated by the Spirit, was seen by angels, was preached among the nations, was believed on in the world, was taken up in glory," an early creedal hymn.<ref>Reginald Fuller, ''The Foundations of New Testament Christology'' (New York: Scriner's, 1965) pp. 214, 216, 227, 239; Joachim Jeremias, ''The Eucharistic Words of Jesus'' translated Norman Perrin (London: SCM Press, 1966) p. 102; Neufeld, ''The Earliest Christian Confessions'' (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1964) pp. 7, 9, 128</ref> These early creeds represent enormously early testimony of the historicity of Jesus, and their earliness combined with their large variety are most well-explained and understood in a historical framework where Jesus did exist, rather than some elaborate plan early on that has no known precedent whatsoever.<br />
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=== Early Church Fathers ===<br />
Early Christian sources outside the New Testament also mention Jesus and the historical details of his life. Important texts from the Apostolic Fathers are, to name just the most significant and ancient, Clement of Rome’s ''Letter to the Corinthians'' (''c.'' 100), Ignatius of Antioch’s many epistles (''c.'' 107-110), Justin Martyr’s second century apologetic works, and others. But perhaps the most significant Patristic sources are the early second century references of Papias and Quadratus (of Athens). They both mention disciples of Jesus – eyewitnesses who testified to his life and miracles – who were still alive at the time they wrote. Papias, in giving his sources for the information contained in his (now lost) gospel commentaries, stated:<br />
: ''…if by chance anyone who had been in attendance on the elders should come my way, I inquired about the words of the elders &mdash; [that is,] what [according to the elders] Andrew or Peter said, or Philip, or Thomas or James, or John or Matthew or any other of the Lord’s disciples, and whatever Aristion and the elder John, the Lord’s disciples, were saying.''<ref>translation by Richard Bauckham in his ''Jesus and the Eyewitnesses'' (Cambridge: Eerdmans, 2006), pp. 15-16.</ref><br />
Thus, while Papias was collecting his information (''c''. 90), Aristion and the elder John (who were Jesus’ disciples) were still alive and teaching in Asia minor, and Papias gathered information from people who had known them.<ref>Richard Bauckham, ''Jesus and the Eyewitnesses'' (Cambridge: Eerdmans, 2006), pp. 15-21.</ref> Another Father, Quadratus, who wrote an apology to the emperor Hadrian, stated:<br />
: ''The words of our Savior were always present, for they were true: those who were healed, those who rose from the dead, those who were not only seen in the act of being healed or raised, but were also always present, not merely when the Savior was living on earth, but also for a considerable time after his departure, so that some of them survived even to our own times.''<ref>Quoted in Eusebius, ''Ecclesiastical History'' 4.3.2, translation by Richard Bauckham in his ''Jesus and the Eyewitnesses'' (Cambridge: Eerdmans, 2006), p. 53.</ref><br />
By “our Savior” Quadratus means Jesus, and by “our times” he presumably refers to his early life, rather than when he wrote (117-124), which would be a reference contemporary with Papias.<ref>Richard Bauckham, ''Jesus and the Eyewitnesses'' (Cambridge: Eerdmans, 2006), pp. 53l.</ref><br />
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Other early Christian texts mention Jesus is in detail. The Didache, for example, is a collection of teachings based on the apostolic witness, which itself was based on Jesus’ doctrine. Many of these texts, however, are too late (dating to the second half of the second century) to be used as proper historical sources, at least not without much caution, and they cannot establish the same claim to eyewitness authority as can the other writings mentioned above.<br />
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''See also'' [[Diatessaron]] and [[Harmony of the Gospel (Conservative Version)]].<br />
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=== Pseudo-Christian Sources ===<br />
An early [[heretical]] section known as [[gnosticism]] produced texts that purported to contain information about Jesus, generally his (enigmatic) sayings. They are very dubious sources, dating to the second half of the second century at the earliest, and lacking a historical connection to the disciples (despite their claims). They are perhaps most useful in reminding us of how good the earlier (and orthodox) gospels are, by presenting us with an example of what an inaccurate source concerning Jesus really looks like. Furthermore, the gnostic texts show a general disinterest in the historical details of Jesus’ life, and they fail to present a standard historical narrative, giving only a list of sayings framed in the structure of an alleged secret revelation.<br />
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Nonetheless, certain [[Gnostic]] texts do mention Jesus in the context of his earthly existence, and some scholars have, with great caution, sought to glean certain bits of information about Jesus from them.<ref>James M. Robinson, ed., ''The Nag Hammadi Library in English'' (San Francisco: Harper and Row, 1977) and especially his essay in Hedrick and Hodgson, ''Nag Hammadi, Gnosticism, and Early Christianity'' (Peabody: Hendrickson, 1986); R. E. Brown, "The Christians Who Lost Out" in ''The New York Times Book Review'', 20 January 1980 p. 3; Koester in Robinson, ''Nag Hammadi in English'', vol. 2 pp. 4, 47, 68, 150-154, 180.</ref> The relevance for us in not so much the conclusions of these scholars, but the fact that, in a minimal and contingent way, they help dispel the notion that Jesus never existed as a historical figure. Examples of such texts include the ''Gospel of Truth'', ''Treatise on Resurrection'', and the ''Apocryphon of John'', the latter of which opens with the following:<br />
: ''It happened one day when John, the brother of James – who are sons of Zebedee – went up and came to the temple, that a Pharisee named Arimanius approached him and said to him: "Where is your master whom you followed?" And he said to them: "He has gone to the place from which he came." The Pharisee said to him: "This Nazarene deceived you all with deception and filled your ears with lies and closed your hearts and turned you from the traditions of your fathers."''<ref>''Apocryphon of John'' 1:5-17</ref><br />
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=== Greco-Roman Sources ===<br />
Greco-Roman sources of the time show little to no interest in the religious movements of the backwater and troublesome Jewish province of Judea, or even the Near East in general. Perhaps the exception would be Josephus, a Romano-Jewish historian who was interested in recording Jewish history, especially the political conflicts that lead to the military downfall of zealous Jewish nationalistic movements. Though not centrally concerned with religious developments, Josephus did mention Jesus, and other Christians such as James and the Precursor of the Lord, St. John the Baptist (who may be considered Christian since he accepted Jesus as the Christ, though he would be beheaded long before Jesus’ death and glorification). Furthermore, other writers do mention Jesus as well, and their passages will be examined below.<br />
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The sum total of this material establishes that Jesus existed, and that he was a significant figure who made a marked religious impact. His Messianic claims, his reputation and following, his crucifixion, and the controversy between him (and his followers) and the Jewish authorities are all supported by these texts. Furthermore, it may be that more dramatic occurrences, such as his miracles and even resurrection, are witnessed by Josephus – though these greater claims about the Greco-Roman material are certainly open to debate. Without a doubt, the best material concerning Jesus remains the gospels and other New Testament texts, as well as the testimony of the Apostolic Fathers. But these Greco-Roman sources provide important secondary testimony and, even taken alone, are enough to refute the view that Jesus is merely a mythological imagination.<br />
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====Josephus====<br />
[[Josephus|Flavius Josephus]] (c. A.D. 37 – 100) was a Jew and a Roman citizen who worked under the patronage of the Flavian dynasty. Josephus is unusual in that, while he was Jewish, he was loyal to the Roman political powers. In A. D. 93 he wrote his ''Antiquities of the Jews'', a work recording the history of the Jews. In it, Jesus is mentioned twice. The second mentioning is the shorter, and will be discussed first. It is a completely disinterested comment made in passing, where, when talking about James, Josephus specifies which James he means by identifying his subject as James "the brother [or kinsman] of Jesus, who was called Christ".<ref>Josephus ''[http://www.ccel.org/ccel/josephus/works/files/ant-20.htm Antiquities 20:9.1]''</ref> Scholars have found little or no reason to doubt the authenticity of this passage and have, by and large, accepted it as genuine.<ref>Louis H. Feldman, "Josephus" Anchor Bible Dictionary, Vol. 3, pp. 990–91</ref> <br />
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More notably, an earlier mention of Jesus is made in a passage that has come to be called the ''Testimonium Flavianum'':<br />
:''About this time came Jesus, a wise man, if indeed it is appropriate to call him a man. For he was a performer of paradoxical feats, a teacher of people who accept the unusual with pleasure, and he won over many of the Jews and also many Greeks. He was the Christ. When Pilate, upon the accusation of the first men amongst us, condemned him to be crucified, those who had formerly loved him did not cease [to follow him], for he appeared to them on the third day, living again, as the divine prophets foretold, along with a myriad of other marvelous things concerning him. And the tribe of the Christians, so named after him, has not disappeared to this day.''<ref>Josephus ''[http://www.ccel.org/j/josephus/works/ant-18.htm Antiquities 18.3.3]''</ref><br />
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Most scholars accept the authenticity of the majority of the passage.<ref>John Drane ''Introducing the New Testament'' (San Francisco: Harper and Row, 1986) p. 138; also, James H. Charlesworth, ''Jesus Within Judaism'' (Garden City: Doubleday, 1988) p. 96</ref> However, certain parts have been called into question, especially those which conform with the Christian creed. These doubts are not based on the manuscript record, which is consistent, nor on the language, which is stylistically harmonious with Josephus.<ref>Henri Daniel-Rops, ''Silence of Jesus' Contemporaries'' p. 21; J.N.D. Anderson, ''Christianity: The Witness of History'' (London: Tyndale, 1969)p. 20; F.F. Bruce, ''New Testament Documents: Are They Reliable?'' (Grand Rapids, Eerdmans, 1967) p. 108.</ref> Concerning the ''Testimonium Flavianum'', Habermas wrote, "There is no textual evidence against it, and, conversely, there is very good manuscript evidence for these statements about Jesus, thus making it difficult to ignore."<ref>G. R. Habermas, ''The Historical Jesus'' p. 193</ref> And there are even a few scholars who support the authenticity of the entire passage.<ref>Daniel-Rops, ''Silence of Jesus' Contemporaries'' p. 21</ref> <br />
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Nonetheless, the fact that Josephus, by all accounts an adherent to Judaism, would so openly proclaim Jesus to be the Messiah who rose from the dead has been hard for many to accept, especially given Josephus’s later statement, which reservedly said only that Jesus was “called” the Christ. Likewise, the fact that some of the early Church Fathers did not employ this text, even when quoting from Josephus, has contributed to the doubts. However, this is (with one exception) an argument from silence, and some (later) Fathers did know the passage. The exception is Origen, who wrote that Josephus did not believe Jesus was the Christ. Though it is important not to take this one utterance too far, it does raise a legitimate question about the authenticity of the entire passage. Whatever the case, it is in no sense necessary to affirm the entirety of the passage in order to establish that Josephus did indeed record Jesus as a historical person, a claim that virtually every scholar (opinions about the integrity of the passage aside) would agree with. Indeed, the brief reference, concerning James, alone is enough to establish not only that Jesus was a real historical person, but that he had a significant impact, since Josephus could clarify which (of the many) people named James he was talking about merely by pointing to his relation with Jesus.<br />
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==== Tacitus ====<br />
Tacitus was a Roman historian who, writing c. A. D. 116, included in his ''Annals '' a mention of Christianity and Jesus Christ. In describing Nero's persecution of Christians following the Great Fire of Rome in A. D. 64, he wrote:<br />
:''Nero fastened the guilt [of starting the blaze] and inflicted the most exquisite tortures on a class hated for their abominations, called Christians by the populace. Christ, from whom the name had its origin, suffered the extreme penalty during the reign of Tiberius [14-37] at the hands of one of our procurators, Pontius Pilate, and the most mischievous superstition, thus checked for the moment, again broke out not only in Judea, the first source of the evil, but even in Rome, where all things hideous and shameful from every part of the world find their centre and become popular.''<ref>Tacitus, ''Annals'' 15.44.</ref><br />
Tacitus was obviously hostile to Christianity and thus had no desire to give credence to the claims of the faith. Nonetheless, he identifies “Christ” (Latin ''Christus'') as the origin of the religion, and even mentions his crucifixion at the hands of Pontius Pilate. Tacitus's source was likely an imperial record, and it has been speculated that this may even have been one of Pilate's reports to the emperor.<ref>F.F. Bruce, ''Jesus and Christian Origins Outside the New Testament'', (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1974), p. 23.</ref> No scholar doubts the authenticity of the passage, in part because, as R. E. Van Voorst noted, it would be most improbable that a Christian would have interpolated "such disparaging remarks about Christianity".<ref>Robert E. Van Voorst, ''Jesus Outside the New Testament: An Introduction to the Ancient Evidence'' (Eerdmans, 2000), p. 43.</ref><br />
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==== Suetonius ====<br />
Gaius Suetonius Tranquillas, a Roman historian, wrote in A. D. 112 his ''Lives of the Twelve Caesars''. In his biography of the Emperor Claudius, he mentioned riots that had broken out in the Jewish community in Rome in 49, stating "As the Jews were making constant disturbances at the instigation of Chrestus [other manuscripts read ''Christus'', that is, “Christ”], he [Claudius] expelled them from Rome". (The riots and expulsion of the Jews was also recorded in Acts 18:2). Though some manuscripts read “Christus”, the original text may have read “Chrestus”, a possible spelling error or spelling variant intending to mean “Christ”.<ref>Francois Amiot, ''Jesus A Historical Person'' p. 8; F. F. Bruce, ''Christian Origins'' p. 21</ref> The term ''Chrestus'' also appears in some later texts as a reference Jesus.<ref>see his translation of Suetonius, ''Claudius'' 25, in ''The Twelve Caesars'' (Baltimore: Penguin, 1957), and his introduction p. 7, cf. p. 197</ref> Obviously, the riots occurred some years after Jesus’ death and ascension, and so the precise meaning of the passage is open to speculation.<br />
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==== Thallus ====<br />
Thallus, whose identity is difficult to determine, is known to have written a history from the Trojan War to his own time, which was sometime in the first or early second century. His work has been lost. However, an important reference to it was made by Sextus Julius Africanus. Julius Africanus, writing around 221, described the darkness and earthquakes which occurred when Our Lord was crucified (mentioned in the gospels). He cited Thallus as a non-Christian who gave testimony to these events:<br />
:''On the whole world there pressed a most fearful darkness; and the rocks were rent by an earthquake, and many places in Judea and other districts were thrown down. This darkness Thallus, in his third book of History, calls (as appears to me without reason) an eclipse of the sun.''<ref>Julius Africanus, ''Extant Writings'' XVIII in ''Ante-Nicene Fathers'', ed. A. Roberts and J. Donaldson (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1973) vol. VI, p. 130</ref><br />
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==== (lost) Acts of Pilate ====<br />
The Acts of Pilate is a lost text, purportedly an official document (of the ''commentaii principis'') from Pilate to the Emperor Tiberius reporting events in Palestine. It was mentioned by [[Justin Martyr]], in his ''First Apology'' (''c''. A. D. 150) to [[Antoninus Pius]], [[Marcus Aurelius]], and [[Lucius Verus]]. Justin said that his claims concerning Jesus' crucifixion, and some miracles, could be verified by referencing the official record, the "Acts of Pontius Pilate".<ref>Justin Martyr, ''First Apology'' 48</ref> With the exception of Tertullian, no other writer is known to have mentioned the work, and Tertullian's reference says that Tiberius debated the details of Jesus' life before the Senate, an event that is almost universally considered absurd.<ref>see Tertullian, ''Apology'' V.</ref> However, Tertullian may not have been well informed about the work’s genuine contents, and doubts about the supposed debate need not necessarily extend to the Acts of Pilate itself. <br />
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There is a later apocryphal text, undoubtedly fanciful, by the same name, which was likely inspired by Justin's reference. It is highly unlikely that Justin's reference was to the known apocryphal text.<ref>For a discussion, see Daniel-Rops, ''Silence of Jesus' Contemporaries'', p. 14</ref> And it would be unlikely that Justin would cite a document, one he claimed to be official and kept in the imperial archives, that was known to be fallacious or non-existent in a letter written to the emperor designed to defend Christianity. Nonetheless, it is impossible to conclude any certain position about the text, given the obscure nature of the evidence.<br />
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=== Jewish records ===<br />
Rabbi Akiba, before his death in A. D. 135, recorded oral traditions, especially of a legal nature, in what is known as the Mishnah. This, together with commentaries called the “Gemaras”, constitute the Talmud. ''Sanhedrin'' 43a, which dates to the earliest period of composition (Tannaitic period) contains the following:<br />
:''One the eve of the Passover, Yeshu was hanged. Forty days before the execution took place, a herald went forth and cried: "He is going forth to be stoned because he has practiced sorcery and enticed Israel to apostasy. Any one who can say anything in his favour, let him come forward and plead on his behalf." But since nothing was brought forward in his favour he was hanged on the eve of the Passover.''<ref>''The Babylonian Talmud'', translated I. Epstein (London: Soncio, 1935), vol. 3, ''Sanhedrin'' 43a, p. 281</ref><br />
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The reference is certainly laconic, and at first the details seem incompatible with what is known about Jesus’ death. However, once it is observed that the phrase “hanged” was a manner of speech that was used to signify crucifixion (as in “hanged from a tree”), the passage may be interpreted as providing important support for Jesus’ death, around the Passover, in part because of accusations of blasphemy (enticing Israel to apostacy) and because of his wonderworkings (taken as sorcery, i.e. the product of devilish aid – an accusation recorded in the gospels). The act of stoning is not directly paralleled in the gospels, though John’s gospel does record such an attempt. It is important not to push this harmonization too far, especially because it misses the point, which is to observe a plausible Jewish record of key feature’s of Jesus’ life.<br />
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== Proponents of the Myth argument ==<br />
A few academics, notably not including historians or biblical scholars, have asserted that Jesus never existed and that he is simply a mythological imagination. These include G. A. Wells (a professor of German, who has subsequently abandoned this position after reading the works of the renowned J.D.G. Dunn), Earl Doherty (who does not hold a doctoral degree), Robert M. Price (a systematic theologian), Michael Martin (a philosopher), Timothy Freke (who holds no postgraduate degree), and Peter Gandy (who holds no doctoral degree). By such parenthetical comments this article does not intend to be uncharitable to the academics or others who hold to this position, but it is no disparagement to observe what it true: that these scholars are not historians or biblical scholars. Neither is it unfair to observe how this has, at times, impeded the quality of work produced. For example, in their work ''The Jesus Mysteries'', Timothy Freke and Peter Gandy used as cover art an image of an amulet of “Orpheus crucified” (their position being that Jesus was a mythological figure patterned after Osiris-Dionysus) which has been proven to be a forgery.<ref>"In his review of this book in ''Gnomon'', 1935, 476, Kern recants and expressed himself convinced by the expert opinion of Josef Keil and R. Zahn (''AGGELOS, Arch. f. neutest. Zeitgesch. und Kulturkunde'', 1926, 62 ff.) that the Orpheoc Bakkikos gem is a forgery." W. C. K. Guthrie, ''Orpheus and Greek Religion: A Study of the Orphic Movement'', 2nd ed. (London: Methuen, 1952), p. 278, n. to p. 265. This problem was identified by James Hannam; see his comments on his [http://bedejournal.blogspot.com/2004/07/some-news-and-thoughts-on-crucified.html Blog]</ref> <br />
<br />
The mythological view has been rejected by the historical community. Michael Grant stated that the view derives from a lack of application of historical methods:<br />
:…''if we apply to the New Testament, as we should, the same sort of criteria as we should apply to other ancient writings containing historical material, we can no more reject Jesus' existence than we can reject the existence of a mass of pagan personages whose reality as historical figures is never questioned.''<ref>M. Grant, ''Jesus: An Historian's Review'', pp. 199-200</ref><br />
<br />
Perhaps the scholarly opinion of the position is best summed by Robert E. Van Voorst:<br />
:''The nonhistoricity thesis has always been controversial, and it has consistently failed to convince scholars of many disciplines and religious creeds. ... Biblical scholars and classical historians now regard it as effectively refuted.''<ref>Robert E. Van Voorst, ''Jesus Outside the New Testament: An Introduction to the Ancient Evidence'' (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2000), p. 16.</ref><br />
<br />
== Atheists and the denial that Jesus existed ==<br />
[[Image:David Christ on the Cross.jpg|right|150px|thumb|[[Jesus Christ|Christ]] on the Cross by [[Jacques Louis David]].]]<br />
''See also:'' [[Atheists and historical illiteracy]] and [[Atheism and evidence]]<br />
<br />
Historical illiteracy and an ignorance of [[historiography]] is widespread among [[atheism|atheists]] (see: [[Atheists and historical illiteracy]]).<br />
<br />
Despite their being an abundance of historical evidence for [[Jesus Christ]] living in the first century, many atheists embarrassingly claim the Jesus never existed.<br />
<br />
In an article entitled ''Scholarly opinions on the Jesus Myth'', Christopher Price wrote concerning individuals who insist that Jesus Christ was merely a mythical figure:<br />
{{cquote|I have often been asked why more academics do not take the time to respond to the Jesus Myth theory. After looking into this question, I discovered that most historians and New Testament scholars relevant to the topic have concluded that Jesus Mythers are beyond reason and therefore decide that they have better things to do with their time.<ref>[http://www.bede.org.uk/price1.htm ''Scholarly opinions on the Jesus Myth'' by Christopher Price]</ref>}}<br />
<br />
For more information, please see: [[Atheism and historical revisionism#Atheists and the denial that Jesus existed|Atheists and the denial that Jesus existed]]. <br />
<br />
=== Atheists and selective use of academic consensus ===<br />
<br />
An irony of atheists asserting that Jesus never existed is that atheists often appeal to the academic consensus when it comes to pseudoscience such [[evolution]]. And [[secular left]]ists often appeal to the academic consensus when engaging in [[global warming]] alarmism. <br />
{{See also|Atheist hypocrisy}}<br />
<br />
==== John Lennox's discussion with New Atheist Richard Dawkins ====<br />
<br />
[[John Lennox]] pointed out to [[New Atheism|New Atheist]] [[Richard Dawkins]] that Dawkins claimed in his book ''The God Delusion'' that Jesus may have never existed and that Dawkins errantly claimed that ancient historians have some disagreement on whether Jesus existed or not. After some additional discussion with Dawkins, Dawkins conceded that Jesus existed and said, "I take that back. Jesus existed".<ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ant5HS01tBQ Richard Dawkins admits Jesus existed]</ref><br />
<br />
==Notes==<br />
{{Reflist|2}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Jesus]]</div>
Korvex
https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Historicity_of_Jesus&diff=1345761
Historicity of Jesus
2017-05-22T22:15:02Z
<p>Korvex: </p>
<hr />
<div>The '''historicity of Jesus''' focuses on whether [[Jesus Christ]] existed as a real historical person, or whether he is simply a mythological imagination. This article will show that the evidence for the existence of Jesus is overwhelming, as is agreed upon by every professor in every academic institution in every relevant field in the world.<ref>Ehrman, Bart D. Did Jesus exist?: The historical argument for Jesus of Nazareth. Harper Collins, 2012. Second introductory page.</ref> In other words, for someone to argue that Jesus never existed (and thus is merely a myth) is to place himself against not only the field of scholarship and the historical record, but even against reason and common sense. See also: [[Atheists and historical illiteracy]]<br />
<br />
== Sources ==<br />
=== Overview ===<br />
The sources for the historical existence of Jesus are many. First, there are four biographies – the [[gospel]]s of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John – written either by eyewitnesses, or by authors who had access to eyewitnesses. Some scholars have speculated that earlier sources (such as a Passion narrative) were written within a few years of Jesus’ death by members of the [[Jerusalem]] Church and were later incorporated in the gospels. There is also a collection of letters by [[Saint Paul]], who wrote from the late 40s to the mid 60s (when he was martyred). These letters include early creedal professions and hymns whose origins have been traced to within a few years of Jesus’ death and coming from the Jerusalem community. There are also other letters written by the apostles or disciples, including [[Saint Peter]] himself. A history of the early Church, the Acts of the Apostles contains information on Jesus’ earthly life, including internal source material such as the preserved preaching of Peter. Important testimony is also found in late first and early second century writings of the [[Early Church Fathers|Apostolic Fathers]]. Jesus’ earthly life was even mentioned by some pseudo-Christian and non-Christian writings, including the Romano-Jewish historian [[Josephus|Josephus Flavius]] – all to be discussed below.<br />
<br />
Obviously, the bulk of the information comes from Christian sources. This is to be expected. The common temptation to radically fissure the sources into Christian / non-Christian categories (with the former then being dismissed) is a practice foreign to historical methods. Historians certainly identify an author’s context, motivations, aims, and the like, but to dismiss a source (or whole group of sources) merely because the author(s) was personally invested in his subject is unjustified. For example, the only detailed source for the Roman general Agricola’s conquest of Britain was written by [[Tacitus]], his son-in-law, who was obviously personally interested in the career of his subject, and the glorification of Rome in general. But Tacitus’s invaluable work has formed the basis for historical reconstructions of the conquest, proving to be a wealth of information – and these reconstructions depend principally on just this one written source. As summarized by Craig L. Blomberg, “…if we can reconstruct reasonably accurate history from all kinds of other ancient sources, we ought to be able to do that from the gospels, even though they too are ideological.”<ref>quoted by [[Lee Strobel]], ''The Case for Christ'' (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1998), p. 31.</ref> Such an argument naturally extends to other Christian sources as well. That said, the evidence from non-Christian sources, even taken alone, is more than enough to establish the minimal claim of Jesus’ existence and influence.<br />
<br />
=== Holy Gospels ===<br />
The four biographies of the life of Jesus written during the first century A.D. are known as the Gospels of [[Gospel of Matthew|Matthew]], [[Gospel of Mark|Mark]], [[Gospel of Luke|Luke]], and [[Gospel of John|John]]. These works contain the most detailed information about the life of Jesus. Perhaps the best-known material would be Jesus’ birth, [[crucifixion]], [[resurrection]], and [[ascension]] into Heaven. The gospels contain all sorts of other information, naming Jesus’ close companions, identifying locations where his teachings were given or miracles were performed, describing Jewish customs in detail, referencing the topography of [[Jerusalem]], etc. <br />
<br />
While it is impossible to examine the gospels in detail here, it will suffice to show that they clearly presented themselves as historical documents, describing historical events in a falsifiable way and within a specific historical setting known to their audience. The three [[synoptic gospels]], Matthew, Mark, and Luke, were written before A. D. 70, with a much earlier date possible concerning Matthew. Their textual relations with one another, and their authorship, are complex topics, but a general summary based on the witnesses of history will prove useful. As the Church Fathers recorded, the Gospel of Matthew was written by [[Matthew the Apostle]], who was an eyewitness to the events he described. Mark was a follower of [[Peter the Apostle]], and he also had access to other sources, including Matthew’s Gospel, and probably Luke’s. Luke was a follower of [[St. Paul|Paul]], who would have had access to disciples of Jesus, and even his relatives, through connections with [[Antioch]] and ultimately Jerusalem. John’s Gospel was written last, around A. D. 90, by a disciple of the Lord and eyewitness to the events, referred to as the [[John the Apostle|‘beloved disciple’]] in the text. Historians have established that the [[Gospel of John]] is entirely dependent of the Gospels, and is not in any way reliant on them, directly or indirectly, and it has been shown that there is no evidence as of yet to suggest this. Thus, the gospel writers were either on the spot themselves, or they had access to people who were.<br />
<br />
Academics have also affirmed that the Gospels were written under the genre of ancient biography.<ref>[http://jesusevidences.com/ntgospelsbiographies.php Quotations of academics on genre of the Gospels]</ref> In fact, the great scholar [[Craig Keener]] states the following relating to the genre that the four Gospel accounts were written under;<br />
<br />
:''Through most of history, readers understood the Gospels as biographies, but after 1915 scholars tried to find some other classification for them, mainly because these scholars confused ancient and modern biography and noticed that the Gospels differed from the latter. The current trend, however, is again to recognize the Gospels as ancient biographies.''<ref>Keener, Craig, Commentary on Matthew, Intervarsity Press, Downer’s Grove, Ill., <br />
1997, 24</ref> <br />
<br />
The gospel accounts were written early on, within a few decades of the death of Jesus, which is comparable to the earliness of most other ancient documents of ancient history. Much of our accounts of [[King Herod]] come 150 years after his death from the ancient Jewish historian [[Josephus]], and our earliest biographies on [[Alexander the Great]] were written a staggering 400 years after his death. Therefore, the gospels are considered to be historical documents by scholars, and early enough to contain a number of authentic memories of his life and death.<br />
<br />
===Pauline Epistles===<br />
A collection of letters written by Saint Paul also discuss Jesus. Paul was not himself an eyewitness of Jesus until after the resurrection, but was a contemporary of the life of Jesus, and besides whatever knowledge the Lord gave to him in his glorified state, Paul also knew Jesus’ disciples, especially Saint Peter. Paul’s letters are pastoral writings meant to address the needs of particular Christian communities, and as such they are not aimed at providing biographical narratives of Jesus’ life. Nonetheless, they do mention Jesus, especially his death and resurrection, but also the Last Supper, and they quote Jesus or reference his teachings. At times Paul qualified his own teachings by stating, “I say, not the Lord”, indicating that he knew Jesus’ teachings.<br />
<br />
Some mythicists have proposed that Paul refers to Jesus as a celestial, rather than earthly being, which is another concept that is universally rejected by modern historians. Nevertheless, such a hypothesis can be discarded, because all of the information given to us from Paul about Jesus during His earthly ministry refer to specific, earthly events, that are unknown in ancient Judaic literature to have any precedence in celestial or supernatural regions. For example, we are told by Paul that Jesus was born of a women on Earth under the law which only applies to humans (Galatians 4:4), he tells us that Jesus was killed by crucifixion (1 Corinthians 1:23), that He was executed by earthly rulers (1 Corinthians 2:8), that He was buried (1 Corinthians 15:4). Paul also quotes Messianic prophecies he believes apply to Jesus (e.g. Romans 10:16-Isaiah 53:1, Romans 15:21-Isaiah 52:15), and the Jewish belief in the Messiah was in a specifically earthly being, not celestial by any concept or exaggeration. All of these, and many other aspects that Paul applies to Jesus are only known in context of earthly humans and events, and therefore applying some sort of celestial belief to the Pauline epistles is entirely unwarranted and without any validation.<br />
<br />
=== Ancient Creeds ===<br />
Many of Paul’s letters, and other New Testament epistles, contain quotations from early creeds or creedal hymns. Scholars suppose that some of these creeds date to within a few years of Jesus' death, and were developed within the Christian community in Jerusalem. The great value of these texts as sources is elaborated upon by O. Cullmann, in his, ''The Earliest Christian Confessions'' trans. J. K. S. Reid (London: Lutterworth, 1949), and also G. R. Habermas, ''The Historical Jesus: Ancient Evidence for the Life of Christ'' (College Press, 1996). Much of the data below is taken from the latter.<br />
<br />
1 Corinthians 15:3-4 reads, "For what I received I passed on to you as of first importance: that Christ died for our sins according to the Scriptures, that he was buried, that he was raised on the third day according to the Scriptures." This contains a Christian creed of pre-Pauline origin.<ref>Neufeld, ''The Earliest Christian Confessions'' (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1964) p. 47; Reginald Fuller, ''The Formation of the Resurrection Narratives'' (New York: Macmillan, 1971) p. 10; Wolfhart Pannenberg, ''Jesus – God and Man'' translated Lewis Wilkins and Duane Pribe (Philadelphia: Westminster, 1968) p. 90; Oscar Cullmann, ''The Earlychurch: Studies in Early Christian History and Theology'', ed. A. J. B. Higgins (Philadelphia: Westminster, 1966) p. 64; Hans Conzelmann, ''1 Corinthians'', translated James W. Leitch (Philadelphia: Fortress 1969) p. 251; Bultmann, ''Theology of the New Testament'' vol. 1 pp. 45, 80-82, 293; R. E. Brown, ''The Virginal Conception and Bodily Resurrection of Jesus'' (New York: Paulist Press, 1973) pp. 81, 92</ref> The antiquity of the creed has been located by many Biblical scholars to less than a decade after Jesus' death, originating from the Jerusalem apostolic community.<ref>see Wolfhart Pannenberg, ''Jesus – God and Man'' translated Lewis Wilkins and Duane Pribe (Philadelphia: Westminster, 1968)p. 90; Oscar Cullmann, ''The Early church: Studies in Early Christian History and Theology'', ed. A. J. B. Higgins (Philadelphia: Westminster, 1966) p. 66-66; R. E. Brown, ''The Virginal Conception and Bodily Resurrection of Jesus'' (New York: Paulist Press, 1973) pp. 81; Thomas Sheehan, ''First Coming: How the Kingdom of God Became Christianity'' New York: Random House, 1986 pp. 110, 118; Ulrich Wilckens, ''Resurrection'' translated A. M. Stewart (Edinburgh: Saint Andrew, 1977) p. 2; Hans Grass, ''Ostergeschen und Osterberichte'', Second Edition (Gottingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, 1962) p96; Grass favors the origin in Damascus.</ref> Concerning this creed, Campenhausen wrote, "This account meets all the demands of historical reliability that could possibly be made of such a text,"<ref>Hans von Campenhausen, "The Events of Easter and the Empty Tomb," in ''Tradition and Life in the Church'' (Philadelphia: Fortress, 1968) p. 44</ref> whilst A. M. Hunter said, "The passage therefore preserves uniquely early and verifiable testimony. It meets every reasonable demand of historical reliability."<ref>Archibald Hunter, ''Works and Words of Jesus'' (1973) p. 100</ref><br />
<br />
Other relevant creeds which predate the texts wherein they are found that have been identified are 1 John 4:2:,"This is how you can recognize the Spirit of God: Every spirit that acknowledges that Jesus Christ has come in the flesh is from God",<ref>Cullmann, ''Confessions'' p. 32</ref> 2 Timothy 2:8, "Remember Jesus Christ, raised from the dead, this is my Gospel",<ref>Bultmann, ''Theology of the New Testament'' vol 1, pp. 49, 81; Joachim Jeremias, ''The Eucharistic Words of Jesus'' translated Norman Perrin (London: SCM Press, 1966) p. 102</ref> Romans 1:3-4, "…regarding his Son, who as to his human nature was a descendant of David, and who through the spirit of holiness was declared with power to be the Son of God by his resurrection from the dead: Jesus Christ our Lord.",<ref>Wolfhart Pannenberg, ''Jesus – God and Man'' translated Lewis Wilkins and Duane Pribe (Philadelphia: Westminster, 1968) pp. 118, 283, 367; Neufeld, ''The Earliest Christian Confessions'' (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1964) pp. 7, 50; C. H. Dodd, ''The Apostolic Preaching and its Developments'' (Grand Rapids: Baker, 1980) p. 14</ref> and 1 Timothy 3:16, "He appeared in a body, was vindicated by the Spirit, was seen by angels, was preached among the nations, was believed on in the world, was taken up in glory," an early creedal hymn.<ref>Reginald Fuller, ''The Foundations of New Testament Christology'' (New York: Scriner's, 1965) pp. 214, 216, 227, 239; Joachim Jeremias, ''The Eucharistic Words of Jesus'' translated Norman Perrin (London: SCM Press, 1966) p. 102; Neufeld, ''The Earliest Christian Confessions'' (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1964) pp. 7, 9, 128</ref><br />
<br />
=== Early Church Fathers ===<br />
Early Christian sources outside the New Testament also mention Jesus and the historical details of his life. Important texts from the Apostolic Fathers are, to name just the most significant and ancient, Clement of Rome’s ''Letter to the Corinthians'' (''c.'' 100), Ignatius of Antioch’s many epistles (''c.'' 107-110), Justin Martyr’s second century apologetic works, and others. But perhaps the most significant Patristic sources are the early second century references of Papias and Quadratus (of Athens). They both mention disciples of Jesus – eyewitnesses who testified to his life and miracles – who were still alive at the time they wrote. Papias, in giving his sources for the information contained in his (now lost) gospel commentaries, stated:<br />
: ''…if by chance anyone who had been in attendance on the elders should come my way, I inquired about the words of the elders &mdash; [that is,] what [according to the elders] Andrew or Peter said, or Philip, or Thomas or James, or John or Matthew or any other of the Lord’s disciples, and whatever Aristion and the elder John, the Lord’s disciples, were saying.''<ref>translation by Richard Bauckham in his ''Jesus and the Eyewitnesses'' (Cambridge: Eerdmans, 2006), pp. 15-16.</ref><br />
Thus, while Papias was collecting his information (''c''. 90), Aristion and the elder John (who were Jesus’ disciples) were still alive and teaching in Asia minor, and Papias gathered information from people who had known them.<ref>Richard Bauckham, ''Jesus and the Eyewitnesses'' (Cambridge: Eerdmans, 2006), pp. 15-21.</ref> Another Father, Quadratus, who wrote an apology to the emperor Hadrian, stated:<br />
: ''The words of our Savior were always present, for they were true: those who were healed, those who rose from the dead, those who were not only seen in the act of being healed or raised, but were also always present, not merely when the Savior was living on earth, but also for a considerable time after his departure, so that some of them survived even to our own times.''<ref>Quoted in Eusebius, ''Ecclesiastical History'' 4.3.2, translation by Richard Bauckham in his ''Jesus and the Eyewitnesses'' (Cambridge: Eerdmans, 2006), p. 53.</ref><br />
By “our Savior” Quadratus means Jesus, and by “our times” he presumably refers to his early life, rather than when he wrote (117-124), which would be a reference contemporary with Papias.<ref>Richard Bauckham, ''Jesus and the Eyewitnesses'' (Cambridge: Eerdmans, 2006), pp. 53l.</ref><br />
<br />
Other early Christian texts mention Jesus is in detail. The Didache, for example, is a collection of teachings based on the apostolic witness, which itself was based on Jesus’ doctrine. Many of these texts, however, are too late (dating to the second half of the second century) to be used as proper historical sources, at least not without much caution, and they cannot establish the same claim to eyewitness authority as can the other writings mentioned above.<br />
<br />
''See also'' [[Diatessaron]] and [[Harmony of the Gospel (Conservative Version)]].<br />
<br />
=== Pseudo-Christian Sources ===<br />
An early [[heretical]] section known as [[gnosticism]] produced texts that purported to contain information about Jesus, generally his (enigmatic) sayings. They are very dubious sources, dating to the second half of the second century at the earliest, and lacking a historical connection to the disciples (despite their claims). They are perhaps most useful in reminding us of how good the earlier (and orthodox) gospels are, by presenting us with an example of what an inaccurate source concerning Jesus really looks like. Furthermore, the gnostic texts show a general disinterest in the historical details of Jesus’ life, and they fail to present a standard historical narrative, giving only a list of sayings framed in the structure of an alleged secret revelation.<br />
<br />
Nonetheless, certain [[Gnostic]] texts do mention Jesus in the context of his earthly existence, and some scholars have, with great caution, sought to glean certain bits of information about Jesus from them.<ref>James M. Robinson, ed., ''The Nag Hammadi Library in English'' (San Francisco: Harper and Row, 1977) and especially his essay in Hedrick and Hodgson, ''Nag Hammadi, Gnosticism, and Early Christianity'' (Peabody: Hendrickson, 1986); R. E. Brown, "The Christians Who Lost Out" in ''The New York Times Book Review'', 20 January 1980 p. 3; Koester in Robinson, ''Nag Hammadi in English'', vol. 2 pp. 4, 47, 68, 150-154, 180.</ref> The relevance for us in not so much the conclusions of these scholars, but the fact that, in a minimal and contingent way, they help dispel the notion that Jesus never existed as a historical figure. Examples of such texts include the ''Gospel of Truth'', ''Treatise on Resurrection'', and the ''Apocryphon of John'', the latter of which opens with the following:<br />
: ''It happened one day when John, the brother of James – who are sons of Zebedee – went up and came to the temple, that a Pharisee named Arimanius approached him and said to him: "Where is your master whom you followed?" And he said to them: "He has gone to the place from which he came." The Pharisee said to him: "This Nazarene deceived you all with deception and filled your ears with lies and closed your hearts and turned you from the traditions of your fathers."''<ref>''Apocryphon of John'' 1:5-17</ref><br />
<br />
=== Greco-Roman Sources ===<br />
Greco-Roman sources of the time show little to no interest in the religious movements of the backwater and troublesome Jewish province of Judea, or even the Near East in general. Perhaps the exception would be Josephus, a Romano-Jewish historian who was interested in recording Jewish history, especially the political conflicts that lead to the military downfall of zealous Jewish nationalistic movements. Though not centrally concerned with religious developments, Josephus did mention Jesus, and other Christians such as James and the Precursor of the Lord, St. John the Baptist (who may be considered Christian since he accepted Jesus as the Christ, though he would be beheaded long before Jesus’ death and glorification). Furthermore, other writers do mention Jesus as well, and their passages will be examined below.<br />
<br />
The sum total of this material establishes that Jesus existed, and that he was a significant figure who made a marked religious impact. His Messianic claims, his reputation and following, his crucifixion, and the controversy between him (and his followers) and the Jewish authorities are all supported by these texts. Furthermore, it may be that more dramatic occurrences, such as his miracles and even resurrection, are witnessed by Josephus – though these greater claims about the Greco-Roman material are certainly open to debate. Without a doubt, the best material concerning Jesus remains the gospels and other New Testament texts, as well as the testimony of the Apostolic Fathers. But these Greco-Roman sources provide important secondary testimony and, even taken alone, are enough to refute the view that Jesus is merely a mythological imagination.<br />
<br />
====Josephus====<br />
[[Josephus|Flavius Josephus]] (c. A.D. 37 – 100) was a Jew and a Roman citizen who worked under the patronage of the Flavian dynasty. Josephus is unusual in that, while he was Jewish, he was loyal to the Roman political powers. In A. D. 93 he wrote his ''Antiquities of the Jews'', a work recording the history of the Jews. In it, Jesus is mentioned twice. The second mentioning is the shorter, and will be discussed first. It is a completely disinterested comment made in passing, where, when talking about James, Josephus specifies which James he means by identifying his subject as James "the brother [or kinsman] of Jesus, who was called Christ".<ref>Josephus ''[http://www.ccel.org/ccel/josephus/works/files/ant-20.htm Antiquities 20:9.1]''</ref> Scholars have found little or no reason to doubt the authenticity of this passage and have, by and large, accepted it as genuine.<ref>Louis H. Feldman, "Josephus" Anchor Bible Dictionary, Vol. 3, pp. 990–91</ref> <br />
<br />
More notably, an earlier mention of Jesus is made in a passage that has come to be called the ''Testimonium Flavianum'':<br />
:''About this time came Jesus, a wise man, if indeed it is appropriate to call him a man. For he was a performer of paradoxical feats, a teacher of people who accept the unusual with pleasure, and he won over many of the Jews and also many Greeks. He was the Christ. When Pilate, upon the accusation of the first men amongst us, condemned him to be crucified, those who had formerly loved him did not cease [to follow him], for he appeared to them on the third day, living again, as the divine prophets foretold, along with a myriad of other marvelous things concerning him. And the tribe of the Christians, so named after him, has not disappeared to this day.''<ref>Josephus ''[http://www.ccel.org/j/josephus/works/ant-18.htm Antiquities 18.3.3]''</ref><br />
<br />
Most scholars accept the authenticity of the majority of the passage.<ref>John Drane ''Introducing the New Testament'' (San Francisco: Harper and Row, 1986) p. 138; also, James H. Charlesworth, ''Jesus Within Judaism'' (Garden City: Doubleday, 1988) p. 96</ref> However, certain parts have been called into question, especially those which conform with the Christian creed. These doubts are not based on the manuscript record, which is consistent, nor on the language, which is stylistically harmonious with Josephus.<ref>Henri Daniel-Rops, ''Silence of Jesus' Contemporaries'' p. 21; J.N.D. Anderson, ''Christianity: The Witness of History'' (London: Tyndale, 1969)p. 20; F.F. Bruce, ''New Testament Documents: Are They Reliable?'' (Grand Rapids, Eerdmans, 1967) p. 108.</ref> Concerning the ''Testimonium Flavianum'', Habermas wrote, "There is no textual evidence against it, and, conversely, there is very good manuscript evidence for these statements about Jesus, thus making it difficult to ignore."<ref>G. R. Habermas, ''The Historical Jesus'' p. 193</ref> And there are even a few scholars who support the authenticity of the entire passage.<ref>Daniel-Rops, ''Silence of Jesus' Contemporaries'' p. 21</ref> <br />
<br />
Nonetheless, the fact that Josephus, by all accounts an adherent to Judaism, would so openly proclaim Jesus to be the Messiah who rose from the dead has been hard for many to accept, especially given Josephus’s later statement, which reservedly said only that Jesus was “called” the Christ. Likewise, the fact that some of the early Church Fathers did not employ this text, even when quoting from Josephus, has contributed to the doubts. However, this is (with one exception) an argument from silence, and some (later) Fathers did know the passage. The exception is Origen, who wrote that Josephus did not believe Jesus was the Christ. Though it is important not to take this one utterance too far, it does raise a legitimate question about the authenticity of the entire passage. Whatever the case, it is in no sense necessary to affirm the entirety of the passage in order to establish that Josephus did indeed record Jesus as a historical person, a claim that virtually every scholar (opinions about the integrity of the passage aside) would agree with. Indeed, the brief reference, concerning James, alone is enough to establish not only that Jesus was a real historical person, but that he had a significant impact, since Josephus could clarify which (of the many) people named James he was talking about merely by pointing to his relation with Jesus.<br />
<br />
==== Tacitus ====<br />
Tacitus was a Roman historian who, writing c. A. D. 116, included in his ''Annals '' a mention of Christianity and Jesus Christ. In describing Nero's persecution of Christians following the Great Fire of Rome in A. D. 64, he wrote:<br />
:''Nero fastened the guilt [of starting the blaze] and inflicted the most exquisite tortures on a class hated for their abominations, called Christians by the populace. Christ, from whom the name had its origin, suffered the extreme penalty during the reign of Tiberius [14-37] at the hands of one of our procurators, Pontius Pilate, and the most mischievous superstition, thus checked for the moment, again broke out not only in Judea, the first source of the evil, but even in Rome, where all things hideous and shameful from every part of the world find their centre and become popular.''<ref>Tacitus, ''Annals'' 15.44.</ref><br />
Tacitus was obviously hostile to Christianity and thus had no desire to give credence to the claims of the faith. Nonetheless, he identifies “Christ” (Latin ''Christus'') as the origin of the religion, and even mentions his crucifixion at the hands of Pontius Pilate. Tacitus's source was likely an imperial record, and it has been speculated that this may even have been one of Pilate's reports to the emperor.<ref>F.F. Bruce, ''Jesus and Christian Origins Outside the New Testament'', (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1974), p. 23.</ref> No scholar doubts the authenticity of the passage, in part because, as R. E. Van Voorst noted, it would be most improbable that a Christian would have interpolated "such disparaging remarks about Christianity".<ref>Robert E. Van Voorst, ''Jesus Outside the New Testament: An Introduction to the Ancient Evidence'' (Eerdmans, 2000), p. 43.</ref><br />
<br />
==== Suetonius ====<br />
Gaius Suetonius Tranquillas, a Roman historian, wrote in A. D. 112 his ''Lives of the Twelve Caesars''. In his biography of the Emperor Claudius, he mentioned riots that had broken out in the Jewish community in Rome in 49, stating "As the Jews were making constant disturbances at the instigation of Chrestus [other manuscripts read ''Christus'', that is, “Christ”], he [Claudius] expelled them from Rome". (The riots and expulsion of the Jews was also recorded in Acts 18:2). Though some manuscripts read “Christus”, the original text may have read “Chrestus”, a possible spelling error or spelling variant intending to mean “Christ”.<ref>Francois Amiot, ''Jesus A Historical Person'' p. 8; F. F. Bruce, ''Christian Origins'' p. 21</ref> The term ''Chrestus'' also appears in some later texts as a reference Jesus.<ref>see his translation of Suetonius, ''Claudius'' 25, in ''The Twelve Caesars'' (Baltimore: Penguin, 1957), and his introduction p. 7, cf. p. 197</ref> Obviously, the riots occurred some years after Jesus’ death and ascension, and so the precise meaning of the passage is open to speculation.<br />
<br />
==== Thallus ====<br />
Thallus, whose identity is difficult to determine, is known to have written a history from the Trojan War to his own time, which was sometime in the first or early second century. His work has been lost. However, an important reference to it was made by Sextus Julius Africanus. Julius Africanus, writing around 221, described the darkness and earthquakes which occurred when Our Lord was crucified (mentioned in the gospels). He cited Thallus as a non-Christian who gave testimony to these events:<br />
:''On the whole world there pressed a most fearful darkness; and the rocks were rent by an earthquake, and many places in Judea and other districts were thrown down. This darkness Thallus, in his third book of History, calls (as appears to me without reason) an eclipse of the sun.''<ref>Julius Africanus, ''Extant Writings'' XVIII in ''Ante-Nicene Fathers'', ed. A. Roberts and J. Donaldson (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1973) vol. VI, p. 130</ref><br />
<br />
==== (lost) Acts of Pilate ====<br />
The Acts of Pilate is a lost text, purportedly an official document (of the ''commentaii principis'') from Pilate to the Emperor Tiberius reporting events in Palestine. It was mentioned by [[Justin Martyr]], in his ''First Apology'' (''c''. A. D. 150) to [[Antoninus Pius]], [[Marcus Aurelius]], and [[Lucius Verus]]. Justin said that his claims concerning Jesus' crucifixion, and some miracles, could be verified by referencing the official record, the "Acts of Pontius Pilate".<ref>Justin Martyr, ''First Apology'' 48</ref> With the exception of Tertullian, no other writer is known to have mentioned the work, and Tertullian's reference says that Tiberius debated the details of Jesus' life before the Senate, an event that is almost universally considered absurd.<ref>see Tertullian, ''Apology'' V.</ref> However, Tertullian may not have been well informed about the work’s genuine contents, and doubts about the supposed debate need not necessarily extend to the Acts of Pilate itself. <br />
<br />
There is a later apocryphal text, undoubtedly fanciful, by the same name, which was likely inspired by Justin's reference. It is highly unlikely that Justin's reference was to the known apocryphal text.<ref>For a discussion, see Daniel-Rops, ''Silence of Jesus' Contemporaries'', p. 14</ref> And it would be unlikely that Justin would cite a document, one he claimed to be official and kept in the imperial archives, that was known to be fallacious or non-existent in a letter written to the emperor designed to defend Christianity. Nonetheless, it is impossible to conclude any certain position about the text, given the obscure nature of the evidence.<br />
<br />
=== Jewish records ===<br />
Rabbi Akiba, before his death in A. D. 135, recorded oral traditions, especially of a legal nature, in what is known as the Mishnah. This, together with commentaries called the “Gemaras”, constitute the Talmud. ''Sanhedrin'' 43a, which dates to the earliest period of composition (Tannaitic period) contains the following:<br />
:''One the eve of the Passover, Yeshu was hanged. Forty days before the execution took place, a herald went forth and cried: "He is going forth to be stoned because he has practiced sorcery and enticed Israel to apostasy. Any one who can say anything in his favour, let him come forward and plead on his behalf." But since nothing was brought forward in his favour he was hanged on the eve of the Passover.''<ref>''The Babylonian Talmud'', translated I. Epstein (London: Soncio, 1935), vol. 3, ''Sanhedrin'' 43a, p. 281</ref><br />
<br />
The reference is certainly laconic, and at first the details seem incompatible with what is known about Jesus’ death. However, once it is observed that the phrase “hanged” was a manner of speech that was used to signify crucifixion (as in “hanged from a tree”), the passage may be interpreted as providing important support for Jesus’ death, around the Passover, in part because of accusations of blasphemy (enticing Israel to apostacy) and because of his wonderworkings (taken as sorcery, i.e. the product of devilish aid – an accusation recorded in the gospels). The act of stoning is not directly paralleled in the gospels, though John’s gospel does record such an attempt. It is important not to push this harmonization too far, especially because it misses the point, which is to observe a plausible Jewish record of key feature’s of Jesus’ life.<br />
<br />
== Proponents of the Myth argument ==<br />
A few academics, notably not including historians or biblical scholars, have asserted that Jesus never existed and that he is simply a mythological imagination. These include G. A. Wells (a professor of German, who has subsequently abandoned this position after reading the works of the renowned J.D.G. Dunn), Earl Doherty (who does not hold a doctoral degree), Robert M. Price (a systematic theologian), Michael Martin (a philosopher), Timothy Freke (who holds no postgraduate degree), and Peter Gandy (who holds no doctoral degree). By such parenthetical comments this article does not intend to be uncharitable to the academics or others who hold to this position, but it is no disparagement to observe what it true: that these scholars are not historians or biblical scholars. Neither is it unfair to observe how this has, at times, impeded the quality of work produced. For example, in their work ''The Jesus Mysteries'', Timothy Freke and Peter Gandy used as cover art an image of an amulet of “Orpheus crucified” (their position being that Jesus was a mythological figure patterned after Osiris-Dionysus) which has been proven to be a forgery.<ref>"In his review of this book in ''Gnomon'', 1935, 476, Kern recants and expressed himself convinced by the expert opinion of Josef Keil and R. Zahn (''AGGELOS, Arch. f. neutest. Zeitgesch. und Kulturkunde'', 1926, 62 ff.) that the Orpheoc Bakkikos gem is a forgery." W. C. K. Guthrie, ''Orpheus and Greek Religion: A Study of the Orphic Movement'', 2nd ed. (London: Methuen, 1952), p. 278, n. to p. 265. This problem was identified by James Hannam; see his comments on his [http://bedejournal.blogspot.com/2004/07/some-news-and-thoughts-on-crucified.html Blog]</ref> <br />
<br />
The mythological view has been rejected by the historical community. Michael Grant stated that the view derives from a lack of application of historical methods:<br />
:…''if we apply to the New Testament, as we should, the same sort of criteria as we should apply to other ancient writings containing historical material, we can no more reject Jesus' existence than we can reject the existence of a mass of pagan personages whose reality as historical figures is never questioned.''<ref>M. Grant, ''Jesus: An Historian's Review'', pp. 199-200</ref><br />
<br />
Perhaps the scholarly opinion of the position is best summed by Robert E. Van Voorst:<br />
:''The nonhistoricity thesis has always been controversial, and it has consistently failed to convince scholars of many disciplines and religious creeds. ... Biblical scholars and classical historians now regard it as effectively refuted.''<ref>Robert E. Van Voorst, ''Jesus Outside the New Testament: An Introduction to the Ancient Evidence'' (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2000), p. 16.</ref><br />
<br />
== Atheists and the denial that Jesus existed ==<br />
[[Image:David Christ on the Cross.jpg|right|150px|thumb|[[Jesus Christ|Christ]] on the Cross by [[Jacques Louis David]].]]<br />
''See also:'' [[Atheists and historical illiteracy]] and [[Atheism and evidence]]<br />
<br />
Historical illiteracy and an ignorance of [[historiography]] is widespread among [[atheism|atheists]] (see: [[Atheists and historical illiteracy]]).<br />
<br />
Despite their being an abundance of historical evidence for [[Jesus Christ]] living in the first century, many atheists embarrassingly claim the Jesus never existed.<br />
<br />
In an article entitled ''Scholarly opinions on the Jesus Myth'', Christopher Price wrote concerning individuals who insist that Jesus Christ was merely a mythical figure:<br />
{{cquote|I have often been asked why more academics do not take the time to respond to the Jesus Myth theory. After looking into this question, I discovered that most historians and New Testament scholars relevant to the topic have concluded that Jesus Mythers are beyond reason and therefore decide that they have better things to do with their time.<ref>[http://www.bede.org.uk/price1.htm ''Scholarly opinions on the Jesus Myth'' by Christopher Price]</ref>}}<br />
<br />
For more information, please see: [[Atheism and historical revisionism#Atheists and the denial that Jesus existed|Atheists and the denial that Jesus existed]]. <br />
<br />
=== Atheists and selective use of academic consensus ===<br />
<br />
An irony of atheists asserting that Jesus never existed is that atheists often appeal to the academic consensus when it comes to pseudoscience such [[evolution]]. And [[secular left]]ists often appeal to the academic consensus when engaging in [[global warming]] alarmism. <br />
{{See also|Atheist hypocrisy}}<br />
<br />
==== John Lennox's discussion with New Atheist Richard Dawkins ====<br />
<br />
[[John Lennox]] pointed out to [[New Atheism|New Atheist]] [[Richard Dawkins]] that Dawkins claimed in his book ''The God Delusion'' that Jesus may have never existed and that Dawkins errantly claimed that ancient historians have some disagreement on whether Jesus existed or not. After some additional discussion with Dawkins, Dawkins conceded that Jesus existed and said, "I take that back. Jesus existed".<ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ant5HS01tBQ Richard Dawkins admits Jesus existed]</ref><br />
<br />
==Notes==<br />
{{Reflist|2}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Jesus]]</div>
Korvex
https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Historicity_of_Jesus&diff=1345757
Historicity of Jesus
2017-05-22T22:05:36Z
<p>Korvex: </p>
<hr />
<div>The '''historicity of Jesus''' focuses on whether [[Jesus Christ]] existed as a real historical person, or whether he is simply a mythological imagination. This article will show that the evidence for the existence of Jesus is overwhelming, as is agreed upon by every professor in every academic institution in every relevant field in the world.<ref>Ehrman, Bart D. Did Jesus exist?: The historical argument for Jesus of Nazareth. Harper Collins, 2012. Second introductory page.</ref> In other words, for someone to argue that Jesus never existed (and thus is merely a myth) is to place himself against not only the field of scholarship and the historical record, but even against reason and common sense. See also: [[Atheists and historical illiteracy]]<br />
<br />
== Sources ==<br />
=== Overview ===<br />
The sources for the historical existence of Jesus are many. First, there are four biographies – the [[gospel]]s of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John – written either by eyewitnesses, or by authors who had access to eyewitnesses. Some scholars have speculated that earlier sources (such as a Passion narrative) were written within a few years of Jesus’ death by members of the [[Jerusalem]] Church and were later incorporated in the gospels. There is also a collection of letters by [[Saint Paul]], who wrote from the late 40s to the mid 60s (when he was martyred). These letters include early creedal professions and hymns whose origins have been traced to within a few years of Jesus’ death and coming from the Jerusalem community. There are also other letters written by the apostles or disciples, including [[Saint Peter]] himself. A history of the early Church, the Acts of the Apostles contains information on Jesus’ earthly life, including internal source material such as the preserved preaching of Peter. Important testimony is also found in late first and early second century writings of the [[Early Church Fathers|Apostolic Fathers]]. Jesus’ earthly life was even mentioned by some pseudo-Christian and non-Christian writings, including the Romano-Jewish historian [[Josephus|Josephus Flavius]] – all to be discussed below.<br />
<br />
Obviously, the bulk of the information comes from Christian sources. This is to be expected. The common temptation to radically fissure the sources into Christian / non-Christian categories (with the former then being dismissed) is a practice foreign to historical methods. Historians certainly identify an author’s context, motivations, aims, and the like, but to dismiss a source (or whole group of sources) merely because the author(s) was personally invested in his subject is unjustified. For example, the only detailed source for the Roman general Agricola’s conquest of Britain was written by [[Tacitus]], his son-in-law, who was obviously personally interested in the career of his subject, and the glorification of Rome in general. But Tacitus’s invaluable work has formed the basis for historical reconstructions of the conquest, proving to be a wealth of information – and these reconstructions depend principally on just this one written source. As summarized by Craig L. Blomberg, “…if we can reconstruct reasonably accurate history from all kinds of other ancient sources, we ought to be able to do that from the gospels, even though they too are ideological.”<ref>quoted by [[Lee Strobel]], ''The Case for Christ'' (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1998), p. 31.</ref> Such an argument naturally extends to other Christian sources as well. That said, the evidence from non-Christian sources, even taken alone, is more than enough to establish the minimal claim of Jesus’ existence and influence.<br />
<br />
=== Holy Gospels ===<br />
The four biographies of the life of Jesus written during the first century A.D. are known as the Gospels of [[Gospel of Matthew|Matthew]], [[Gospel of Mark|Mark]], [[Gospel of Luke|Luke]], and [[Gospel of John|John]]. These works contain the most detailed information about the life of Jesus. Perhaps the best-known material would be Jesus’ birth, [[crucifixion]], [[resurrection]], and [[ascension]] into Heaven. The gospels contain all sorts of other information, naming Jesus’ close companions, identifying locations where his teachings were given or miracles were performed, describing Jewish customs in detail, referencing the topography of [[Jerusalem]], etc. <br />
<br />
While it is impossible to examine the gospels in detail here, it will suffice to show that they clearly presented themselves as historical documents, describing historical events in a falsifiable way and within a specific historical setting known to their audience. The three [[synoptic gospels]], Matthew, Mark, and Luke, were written before A. D. 70, with a much earlier date possible concerning Matthew. Their textual relations with one another, and their authorship, are complex topics, but a general summary based on the witnesses of history will prove useful. As the Church Fathers recorded, the Gospel of Matthew was written by [[Matthew the Apostle]], who was an eyewitness to the events he described. Mark was a follower of [[Peter the Apostle]], and he also had access to other sources, including Matthew’s Gospel, and probably Luke’s. Luke was a follower of [[St. Paul|Paul]], who would have had access to disciples of Jesus, and even his relatives, through connections with [[Antioch]] and ultimately Jerusalem. John’s Gospel was written last, around A. D. 90, by a disciple of the Lord and eyewitness to the events, referred to as the [[John the Apostle|‘beloved disciple’]] in the text. Historians have established that the [[Gospel of John]] is entirely dependent of the Gospels, and is not in any way reliant on them, directly or indirectly, and it has been shown that there is no evidence as of yet to suggest this. Thus, the gospel writers were either on the spot themselves, or they had access to people who were.<br />
<br />
Academics have also affirmed that the Gospels were written under the genre of ancient biography.<ref>[http://jesusevidences.com/ntgospelsbiographies.php Quotations of academics on genre of the Gospels]</ref> In fact, the great scholar [[Craig Keener]] states the following relating to the genre that the four Gospel accounts were written under;<br />
<br />
:''Through most of history, readers understood the Gospels as biographies, but after 1915 scholars tried to find some other classification for them, mainly because these scholars confused ancient and modern biography and noticed that the Gospels differed from the latter. The current trend, however, is again to recognize the Gospels as ancient biographies.''<ref>Keener, Craig, Commentary on Matthew, Intervarsity Press, Downer’s Grove, Ill., <br />
1997, 24</ref> <br />
<br />
The gospel accounts were written early on, within a few decades of the death of Jesus, which is comparable to the earliness of most other ancient documents of ancient history. Much of our accounts of [[King Herod]] come 150 years after his death from the ancient Jewish historian [[Josephus]], and our earliest biographies on [[Alexander the Great]] were written a staggering 400 years after his death. Therefore, the gospels are considered to be historical documents by scholars, and early enough to contain a number of authentic memories of his life and death.<br />
<br />
===Pauline Epistles===<br />
A collection of letters written by Saint Paul also discuss Jesus. Paul was not himself an eyewitness of Jesus until after the resurrection, but, besides whatever knowledge the Lord gave to him in his glorified state, Paul also knew Jesus’ disciples, especially Saint Peter. Paul’s letters are pastoral writings meant to address the needs of particular Christian communities, and as such they are not aimed at providing biographical narratives of Jesus’ life. Nonetheless, they do mention Jesus, especially his death and resurrection, but also the Last Supper, and they quote Jesus or reference his teachings. At times Paul qualified his own teachings by stating, “I say, not the Lord”, indicating that he knew Jesus’ teachings.<br />
<br />
=== Ancient Creeds ===<br />
Many of Paul’s letters, and other New Testament epistles, contain quotations from early creeds or creedal hymns. Scholars suppose that some of these creeds date to within a few years of Jesus' death, and were developed within the Christian community in Jerusalem. The great value of these texts as sources is elaborated upon by O. Cullmann, in his, ''The Earliest Christian Confessions'' trans. J. K. S. Reid (London: Lutterworth, 1949), and also G. R. Habermas, ''The Historical Jesus: Ancient Evidence for the Life of Christ'' (College Press, 1996). Much of the data below is taken from the latter.<br />
<br />
1 Corinthians 15:3-4 reads, "For what I received I passed on to you as of first importance: that Christ died for our sins according to the Scriptures, that he was buried, that he was raised on the third day according to the Scriptures." This contains a Christian creed of pre-Pauline origin.<ref>Neufeld, ''The Earliest Christian Confessions'' (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1964) p. 47; Reginald Fuller, ''The Formation of the Resurrection Narratives'' (New York: Macmillan, 1971) p. 10; Wolfhart Pannenberg, ''Jesus – God and Man'' translated Lewis Wilkins and Duane Pribe (Philadelphia: Westminster, 1968) p. 90; Oscar Cullmann, ''The Earlychurch: Studies in Early Christian History and Theology'', ed. A. J. B. Higgins (Philadelphia: Westminster, 1966) p. 64; Hans Conzelmann, ''1 Corinthians'', translated James W. Leitch (Philadelphia: Fortress 1969) p. 251; Bultmann, ''Theology of the New Testament'' vol. 1 pp. 45, 80-82, 293; R. E. Brown, ''The Virginal Conception and Bodily Resurrection of Jesus'' (New York: Paulist Press, 1973) pp. 81, 92</ref> The antiquity of the creed has been located by many Biblical scholars to less than a decade after Jesus' death, originating from the Jerusalem apostolic community.<ref>see Wolfhart Pannenberg, ''Jesus – God and Man'' translated Lewis Wilkins and Duane Pribe (Philadelphia: Westminster, 1968)p. 90; Oscar Cullmann, ''The Early church: Studies in Early Christian History and Theology'', ed. A. J. B. Higgins (Philadelphia: Westminster, 1966) p. 66-66; R. E. Brown, ''The Virginal Conception and Bodily Resurrection of Jesus'' (New York: Paulist Press, 1973) pp. 81; Thomas Sheehan, ''First Coming: How the Kingdom of God Became Christianity'' New York: Random House, 1986 pp. 110, 118; Ulrich Wilckens, ''Resurrection'' translated A. M. Stewart (Edinburgh: Saint Andrew, 1977) p. 2; Hans Grass, ''Ostergeschen und Osterberichte'', Second Edition (Gottingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, 1962) p96; Grass favors the origin in Damascus.</ref> Concerning this creed, Campenhausen wrote, "This account meets all the demands of historical reliability that could possibly be made of such a text,"<ref>Hans von Campenhausen, "The Events of Easter and the Empty Tomb," in ''Tradition and Life in the Church'' (Philadelphia: Fortress, 1968) p. 44</ref> whilst A. M. Hunter said, "The passage therefore preserves uniquely early and verifiable testimony. It meets every reasonable demand of historical reliability."<ref>Archibald Hunter, ''Works and Words of Jesus'' (1973) p. 100</ref><br />
<br />
Other relevant creeds which predate the texts wherein they are found that have been identified are 1 John 4:2:,"This is how you can recognize the Spirit of God: Every spirit that acknowledges that Jesus Christ has come in the flesh is from God",<ref>Cullmann, ''Confessions'' p. 32</ref> 2 Timothy 2:8, "Remember Jesus Christ, raised from the dead, this is my Gospel",<ref>Bultmann, ''Theology of the New Testament'' vol 1, pp. 49, 81; Joachim Jeremias, ''The Eucharistic Words of Jesus'' translated Norman Perrin (London: SCM Press, 1966) p. 102</ref> Romans 1:3-4, "…regarding his Son, who as to his human nature was a descendant of David, and who through the spirit of holiness was declared with power to be the Son of God by his resurrection from the dead: Jesus Christ our Lord.",<ref>Wolfhart Pannenberg, ''Jesus – God and Man'' translated Lewis Wilkins and Duane Pribe (Philadelphia: Westminster, 1968) pp. 118, 283, 367; Neufeld, ''The Earliest Christian Confessions'' (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1964) pp. 7, 50; C. H. Dodd, ''The Apostolic Preaching and its Developments'' (Grand Rapids: Baker, 1980) p. 14</ref> and 1 Timothy 3:16, "He appeared in a body, was vindicated by the Spirit, was seen by angels, was preached among the nations, was believed on in the world, was taken up in glory," an early creedal hymn.<ref>Reginald Fuller, ''The Foundations of New Testament Christology'' (New York: Scriner's, 1965) pp. 214, 216, 227, 239; Joachim Jeremias, ''The Eucharistic Words of Jesus'' translated Norman Perrin (London: SCM Press, 1966) p. 102; Neufeld, ''The Earliest Christian Confessions'' (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1964) pp. 7, 9, 128</ref><br />
<br />
=== Early Church Fathers ===<br />
Early Christian sources outside the New Testament also mention Jesus and the historical details of his life. Important texts from the Apostolic Fathers are, to name just the most significant and ancient, Clement of Rome’s ''Letter to the Corinthians'' (''c.'' 100), Ignatius of Antioch’s many epistles (''c.'' 107-110), Justin Martyr’s second century apologetic works, and others. But perhaps the most significant Patristic sources are the early second century references of Papias and Quadratus (of Athens). They both mention disciples of Jesus – eyewitnesses who testified to his life and miracles – who were still alive at the time they wrote. Papias, in giving his sources for the information contained in his (now lost) gospel commentaries, stated:<br />
: ''…if by chance anyone who had been in attendance on the elders should come my way, I inquired about the words of the elders &mdash; [that is,] what [according to the elders] Andrew or Peter said, or Philip, or Thomas or James, or John or Matthew or any other of the Lord’s disciples, and whatever Aristion and the elder John, the Lord’s disciples, were saying.''<ref>translation by Richard Bauckham in his ''Jesus and the Eyewitnesses'' (Cambridge: Eerdmans, 2006), pp. 15-16.</ref><br />
Thus, while Papias was collecting his information (''c''. 90), Aristion and the elder John (who were Jesus’ disciples) were still alive and teaching in Asia minor, and Papias gathered information from people who had known them.<ref>Richard Bauckham, ''Jesus and the Eyewitnesses'' (Cambridge: Eerdmans, 2006), pp. 15-21.</ref> Another Father, Quadratus, who wrote an apology to the emperor Hadrian, stated:<br />
: ''The words of our Savior were always present, for they were true: those who were healed, those who rose from the dead, those who were not only seen in the act of being healed or raised, but were also always present, not merely when the Savior was living on earth, but also for a considerable time after his departure, so that some of them survived even to our own times.''<ref>Quoted in Eusebius, ''Ecclesiastical History'' 4.3.2, translation by Richard Bauckham in his ''Jesus and the Eyewitnesses'' (Cambridge: Eerdmans, 2006), p. 53.</ref><br />
By “our Savior” Quadratus means Jesus, and by “our times” he presumably refers to his early life, rather than when he wrote (117-124), which would be a reference contemporary with Papias.<ref>Richard Bauckham, ''Jesus and the Eyewitnesses'' (Cambridge: Eerdmans, 2006), pp. 53l.</ref><br />
<br />
Other early Christian texts mention Jesus is in detail. The Didache, for example, is a collection of teachings based on the apostolic witness, which itself was based on Jesus’ doctrine. Many of these texts, however, are too late (dating to the second half of the second century) to be used as proper historical sources, at least not without much caution, and they cannot establish the same claim to eyewitness authority as can the other writings mentioned above.<br />
<br />
''See also'' [[Diatessaron]] and [[Harmony of the Gospel (Conservative Version)]].<br />
<br />
=== Pseudo-Christian Sources ===<br />
An early [[heretical]] section known as [[gnosticism]] produced texts that purported to contain information about Jesus, generally his (enigmatic) sayings. They are very dubious sources, dating to the second half of the second century at the earliest, and lacking a historical connection to the disciples (despite their claims). They are perhaps most useful in reminding us of how good the earlier (and orthodox) gospels are, by presenting us with an example of what an inaccurate source concerning Jesus really looks like. Furthermore, the gnostic texts show a general disinterest in the historical details of Jesus’ life, and they fail to present a standard historical narrative, giving only a list of sayings framed in the structure of an alleged secret revelation.<br />
<br />
Nonetheless, certain [[Gnostic]] texts do mention Jesus in the context of his earthly existence, and some scholars have, with great caution, sought to glean certain bits of information about Jesus from them.<ref>James M. Robinson, ed., ''The Nag Hammadi Library in English'' (San Francisco: Harper and Row, 1977) and especially his essay in Hedrick and Hodgson, ''Nag Hammadi, Gnosticism, and Early Christianity'' (Peabody: Hendrickson, 1986); R. E. Brown, "The Christians Who Lost Out" in ''The New York Times Book Review'', 20 January 1980 p. 3; Koester in Robinson, ''Nag Hammadi in English'', vol. 2 pp. 4, 47, 68, 150-154, 180.</ref> The relevance for us in not so much the conclusions of these scholars, but the fact that, in a minimal and contingent way, they help dispel the notion that Jesus never existed as a historical figure. Examples of such texts include the ''Gospel of Truth'', ''Treatise on Resurrection'', and the ''Apocryphon of John'', the latter of which opens with the following:<br />
: ''It happened one day when John, the brother of James – who are sons of Zebedee – went up and came to the temple, that a Pharisee named Arimanius approached him and said to him: "Where is your master whom you followed?" And he said to them: "He has gone to the place from which he came." The Pharisee said to him: "This Nazarene deceived you all with deception and filled your ears with lies and closed your hearts and turned you from the traditions of your fathers."''<ref>''Apocryphon of John'' 1:5-17</ref><br />
<br />
=== Greco-Roman Sources ===<br />
Greco-Roman sources of the time show little to no interest in the religious movements of the backwater and troublesome Jewish province of Judea, or even the Near East in general. Perhaps the exception would be Josephus, a Romano-Jewish historian who was interested in recording Jewish history, especially the political conflicts that lead to the military downfall of zealous Jewish nationalistic movements. Though not centrally concerned with religious developments, Josephus did mention Jesus, and other Christians such as James and the Precursor of the Lord, St. John the Baptist (who may be considered Christian since he accepted Jesus as the Christ, though he would be beheaded long before Jesus’ death and glorification). Furthermore, other writers do mention Jesus as well, and their passages will be examined below.<br />
<br />
The sum total of this material establishes that Jesus existed, and that he was a significant figure who made a marked religious impact. His Messianic claims, his reputation and following, his crucifixion, and the controversy between him (and his followers) and the Jewish authorities are all supported by these texts. Furthermore, it may be that more dramatic occurrences, such as his miracles and even resurrection, are witnessed by Josephus – though these greater claims about the Greco-Roman material are certainly open to debate. Without a doubt, the best material concerning Jesus remains the gospels and other New Testament texts, as well as the testimony of the Apostolic Fathers. But these Greco-Roman sources provide important secondary testimony and, even taken alone, are enough to refute the view that Jesus is merely a mythological imagination.<br />
<br />
====Josephus====<br />
[[Josephus|Flavius Josephus]] (c. A.D. 37 – 100) was a Jew and a Roman citizen who worked under the patronage of the Flavian dynasty. Josephus is unusual in that, while he was Jewish, he was loyal to the Roman political powers. In A. D. 93 he wrote his ''Antiquities of the Jews'', a work recording the history of the Jews. In it, Jesus is mentioned twice. The second mentioning is the shorter, and will be discussed first. It is a completely disinterested comment made in passing, where, when talking about James, Josephus specifies which James he means by identifying his subject as James "the brother [or kinsman] of Jesus, who was called Christ".<ref>Josephus ''[http://www.ccel.org/ccel/josephus/works/files/ant-20.htm Antiquities 20:9.1]''</ref> Scholars have found little or no reason to doubt the authenticity of this passage and have, by and large, accepted it as genuine.<ref>Louis H. Feldman, "Josephus" Anchor Bible Dictionary, Vol. 3, pp. 990–91</ref> <br />
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More notably, an earlier mention of Jesus is made in a passage that has come to be called the ''Testimonium Flavianum'':<br />
:''About this time came Jesus, a wise man, if indeed it is appropriate to call him a man. For he was a performer of paradoxical feats, a teacher of people who accept the unusual with pleasure, and he won over many of the Jews and also many Greeks. He was the Christ. When Pilate, upon the accusation of the first men amongst us, condemned him to be crucified, those who had formerly loved him did not cease [to follow him], for he appeared to them on the third day, living again, as the divine prophets foretold, along with a myriad of other marvelous things concerning him. And the tribe of the Christians, so named after him, has not disappeared to this day.''<ref>Josephus ''[http://www.ccel.org/j/josephus/works/ant-18.htm Antiquities 18.3.3]''</ref><br />
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Most scholars accept the authenticity of the majority of the passage.<ref>John Drane ''Introducing the New Testament'' (San Francisco: Harper and Row, 1986) p. 138; also, James H. Charlesworth, ''Jesus Within Judaism'' (Garden City: Doubleday, 1988) p. 96</ref> However, certain parts have been called into question, especially those which conform with the Christian creed. These doubts are not based on the manuscript record, which is consistent, nor on the language, which is stylistically harmonious with Josephus.<ref>Henri Daniel-Rops, ''Silence of Jesus' Contemporaries'' p. 21; J.N.D. Anderson, ''Christianity: The Witness of History'' (London: Tyndale, 1969)p. 20; F.F. Bruce, ''New Testament Documents: Are They Reliable?'' (Grand Rapids, Eerdmans, 1967) p. 108.</ref> Concerning the ''Testimonium Flavianum'', Habermas wrote, "There is no textual evidence against it, and, conversely, there is very good manuscript evidence for these statements about Jesus, thus making it difficult to ignore."<ref>G. R. Habermas, ''The Historical Jesus'' p. 193</ref> And there are even a few scholars who support the authenticity of the entire passage.<ref>Daniel-Rops, ''Silence of Jesus' Contemporaries'' p. 21</ref> <br />
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Nonetheless, the fact that Josephus, by all accounts an adherent to Judaism, would so openly proclaim Jesus to be the Messiah who rose from the dead has been hard for many to accept, especially given Josephus’s later statement, which reservedly said only that Jesus was “called” the Christ. Likewise, the fact that some of the early Church Fathers did not employ this text, even when quoting from Josephus, has contributed to the doubts. However, this is (with one exception) an argument from silence, and some (later) Fathers did know the passage. The exception is Origen, who wrote that Josephus did not believe Jesus was the Christ. Though it is important not to take this one utterance too far, it does raise a legitimate question about the authenticity of the entire passage. Whatever the case, it is in no sense necessary to affirm the entirety of the passage in order to establish that Josephus did indeed record Jesus as a historical person, a claim that virtually every scholar (opinions about the integrity of the passage aside) would agree with. Indeed, the brief reference, concerning James, alone is enough to establish not only that Jesus was a real historical person, but that he had a significant impact, since Josephus could clarify which (of the many) people named James he was talking about merely by pointing to his relation with Jesus.<br />
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==== Tacitus ====<br />
Tacitus was a Roman historian who, writing c. A. D. 116, included in his ''Annals '' a mention of Christianity and Jesus Christ. In describing Nero's persecution of Christians following the Great Fire of Rome in A. D. 64, he wrote:<br />
:''Nero fastened the guilt [of starting the blaze] and inflicted the most exquisite tortures on a class hated for their abominations, called Christians by the populace. Christ, from whom the name had its origin, suffered the extreme penalty during the reign of Tiberius [14-37] at the hands of one of our procurators, Pontius Pilate, and the most mischievous superstition, thus checked for the moment, again broke out not only in Judea, the first source of the evil, but even in Rome, where all things hideous and shameful from every part of the world find their centre and become popular.''<ref>Tacitus, ''Annals'' 15.44.</ref><br />
Tacitus was obviously hostile to Christianity and thus had no desire to give credence to the claims of the faith. Nonetheless, he identifies “Christ” (Latin ''Christus'') as the origin of the religion, and even mentions his crucifixion at the hands of Pontius Pilate. Tacitus's source was likely an imperial record, and it has been speculated that this may even have been one of Pilate's reports to the emperor.<ref>F.F. Bruce, ''Jesus and Christian Origins Outside the New Testament'', (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1974), p. 23.</ref> No scholar doubts the authenticity of the passage, in part because, as R. E. Van Voorst noted, it would be most improbable that a Christian would have interpolated "such disparaging remarks about Christianity".<ref>Robert E. Van Voorst, ''Jesus Outside the New Testament: An Introduction to the Ancient Evidence'' (Eerdmans, 2000), p. 43.</ref><br />
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==== Suetonius ====<br />
Gaius Suetonius Tranquillas, a Roman historian, wrote in A. D. 112 his ''Lives of the Twelve Caesars''. In his biography of the Emperor Claudius, he mentioned riots that had broken out in the Jewish community in Rome in 49, stating "As the Jews were making constant disturbances at the instigation of Chrestus [other manuscripts read ''Christus'', that is, “Christ”], he [Claudius] expelled them from Rome". (The riots and expulsion of the Jews was also recorded in Acts 18:2). Though some manuscripts read “Christus”, the original text may have read “Chrestus”, a possible spelling error or spelling variant intending to mean “Christ”.<ref>Francois Amiot, ''Jesus A Historical Person'' p. 8; F. F. Bruce, ''Christian Origins'' p. 21</ref> The term ''Chrestus'' also appears in some later texts as a reference Jesus.<ref>see his translation of Suetonius, ''Claudius'' 25, in ''The Twelve Caesars'' (Baltimore: Penguin, 1957), and his introduction p. 7, cf. p. 197</ref> Obviously, the riots occurred some years after Jesus’ death and ascension, and so the precise meaning of the passage is open to speculation.<br />
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==== Thallus ====<br />
Thallus, whose identity is difficult to determine, is known to have written a history from the Trojan War to his own time, which was sometime in the first or early second century. His work has been lost. However, an important reference to it was made by Sextus Julius Africanus. Julius Africanus, writing around 221, described the darkness and earthquakes which occurred when Our Lord was crucified (mentioned in the gospels). He cited Thallus as a non-Christian who gave testimony to these events:<br />
:''On the whole world there pressed a most fearful darkness; and the rocks were rent by an earthquake, and many places in Judea and other districts were thrown down. This darkness Thallus, in his third book of History, calls (as appears to me without reason) an eclipse of the sun.''<ref>Julius Africanus, ''Extant Writings'' XVIII in ''Ante-Nicene Fathers'', ed. A. Roberts and J. Donaldson (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1973) vol. VI, p. 130</ref><br />
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==== (lost) Acts of Pilate ====<br />
The Acts of Pilate is a lost text, purportedly an official document (of the ''commentaii principis'') from Pilate to the Emperor Tiberius reporting events in Palestine. It was mentioned by [[Justin Martyr]], in his ''First Apology'' (''c''. A. D. 150) to [[Antoninus Pius]], [[Marcus Aurelius]], and [[Lucius Verus]]. Justin said that his claims concerning Jesus' crucifixion, and some miracles, could be verified by referencing the official record, the "Acts of Pontius Pilate".<ref>Justin Martyr, ''First Apology'' 48</ref> With the exception of Tertullian, no other writer is known to have mentioned the work, and Tertullian's reference says that Tiberius debated the details of Jesus' life before the Senate, an event that is almost universally considered absurd.<ref>see Tertullian, ''Apology'' V.</ref> However, Tertullian may not have been well informed about the work’s genuine contents, and doubts about the supposed debate need not necessarily extend to the Acts of Pilate itself. <br />
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There is a later apocryphal text, undoubtedly fanciful, by the same name, which was likely inspired by Justin's reference. It is highly unlikely that Justin's reference was to the known apocryphal text.<ref>For a discussion, see Daniel-Rops, ''Silence of Jesus' Contemporaries'', p. 14</ref> And it would be unlikely that Justin would cite a document, one he claimed to be official and kept in the imperial archives, that was known to be fallacious or non-existent in a letter written to the emperor designed to defend Christianity. Nonetheless, it is impossible to conclude any certain position about the text, given the obscure nature of the evidence.<br />
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=== Jewish records ===<br />
Rabbi Akiba, before his death in A. D. 135, recorded oral traditions, especially of a legal nature, in what is known as the Mishnah. This, together with commentaries called the “Gemaras”, constitute the Talmud. ''Sanhedrin'' 43a, which dates to the earliest period of composition (Tannaitic period) contains the following:<br />
:''One the eve of the Passover, Yeshu was hanged. Forty days before the execution took place, a herald went forth and cried: "He is going forth to be stoned because he has practiced sorcery and enticed Israel to apostasy. Any one who can say anything in his favour, let him come forward and plead on his behalf." But since nothing was brought forward in his favour he was hanged on the eve of the Passover.''<ref>''The Babylonian Talmud'', translated I. Epstein (London: Soncio, 1935), vol. 3, ''Sanhedrin'' 43a, p. 281</ref><br />
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The reference is certainly laconic, and at first the details seem incompatible with what is known about Jesus’ death. However, once it is observed that the phrase “hanged” was a manner of speech that was used to signify crucifixion (as in “hanged from a tree”), the passage may be interpreted as providing important support for Jesus’ death, around the Passover, in part because of accusations of blasphemy (enticing Israel to apostacy) and because of his wonderworkings (taken as sorcery, i.e. the product of devilish aid – an accusation recorded in the gospels). The act of stoning is not directly paralleled in the gospels, though John’s gospel does record such an attempt. It is important not to push this harmonization too far, especially because it misses the point, which is to observe a plausible Jewish record of key feature’s of Jesus’ life.<br />
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== Proponents of the Myth argument ==<br />
A few academics, notably not including historians or biblical scholars, have asserted that Jesus never existed and that he is simply a mythological imagination. These include G. A. Wells (a professor of German, who has subsequently abandoned this position after reading the works of the renowned J.D.G. Dunn), Earl Doherty (who does not hold a doctoral degree), Robert M. Price (a systematic theologian), Michael Martin (a philosopher), Timothy Freke (who holds no postgraduate degree), and Peter Gandy (who holds no doctoral degree). By such parenthetical comments this article does not intend to be uncharitable to the academics or others who hold to this position, but it is no disparagement to observe what it true: that these scholars are not historians or biblical scholars. Neither is it unfair to observe how this has, at times, impeded the quality of work produced. For example, in their work ''The Jesus Mysteries'', Timothy Freke and Peter Gandy used as cover art an image of an amulet of “Orpheus crucified” (their position being that Jesus was a mythological figure patterned after Osiris-Dionysus) which has been proven to be a forgery.<ref>"In his review of this book in ''Gnomon'', 1935, 476, Kern recants and expressed himself convinced by the expert opinion of Josef Keil and R. Zahn (''AGGELOS, Arch. f. neutest. Zeitgesch. und Kulturkunde'', 1926, 62 ff.) that the Orpheoc Bakkikos gem is a forgery." W. C. K. Guthrie, ''Orpheus and Greek Religion: A Study of the Orphic Movement'', 2nd ed. (London: Methuen, 1952), p. 278, n. to p. 265. This problem was identified by James Hannam; see his comments on his [http://bedejournal.blogspot.com/2004/07/some-news-and-thoughts-on-crucified.html Blog]</ref> <br />
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The mythological view has been rejected by the historical community. Michael Grant stated that the view derives from a lack of application of historical methods:<br />
:…''if we apply to the New Testament, as we should, the same sort of criteria as we should apply to other ancient writings containing historical material, we can no more reject Jesus' existence than we can reject the existence of a mass of pagan personages whose reality as historical figures is never questioned.''<ref>M. Grant, ''Jesus: An Historian's Review'', pp. 199-200</ref><br />
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Perhaps the scholarly opinion of the position is best summed by Robert E. Van Voorst:<br />
:''The nonhistoricity thesis has always been controversial, and it has consistently failed to convince scholars of many disciplines and religious creeds. ... Biblical scholars and classical historians now regard it as effectively refuted.''<ref>Robert E. Van Voorst, ''Jesus Outside the New Testament: An Introduction to the Ancient Evidence'' (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2000), p. 16.</ref><br />
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== Atheists and the denial that Jesus existed ==<br />
[[Image:David Christ on the Cross.jpg|right|150px|thumb|[[Jesus Christ|Christ]] on the Cross by [[Jacques Louis David]].]]<br />
''See also:'' [[Atheists and historical illiteracy]] and [[Atheism and evidence]]<br />
<br />
Historical illiteracy and an ignorance of [[historiography]] is widespread among [[atheism|atheists]] (see: [[Atheists and historical illiteracy]]).<br />
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Despite their being an abundance of historical evidence for [[Jesus Christ]] living in the first century, many atheists embarrassingly claim the Jesus never existed.<br />
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In an article entitled ''Scholarly opinions on the Jesus Myth'', Christopher Price wrote concerning individuals who insist that Jesus Christ was merely a mythical figure:<br />
{{cquote|I have often been asked why more academics do not take the time to respond to the Jesus Myth theory. After looking into this question, I discovered that most historians and New Testament scholars relevant to the topic have concluded that Jesus Mythers are beyond reason and therefore decide that they have better things to do with their time.<ref>[http://www.bede.org.uk/price1.htm ''Scholarly opinions on the Jesus Myth'' by Christopher Price]</ref>}}<br />
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For more information, please see: [[Atheism and historical revisionism#Atheists and the denial that Jesus existed|Atheists and the denial that Jesus existed]]. <br />
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=== Atheists and selective use of academic consensus ===<br />
<br />
An irony of atheists asserting that Jesus never existed is that atheists often appeal to the academic consensus when it comes to pseudoscience such [[evolution]]. And [[secular left]]ists often appeal to the academic consensus when engaging in [[global warming]] alarmism. <br />
{{See also|Atheist hypocrisy}}<br />
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==== John Lennox's discussion with New Atheist Richard Dawkins ====<br />
<br />
[[John Lennox]] pointed out to [[New Atheism|New Atheist]] [[Richard Dawkins]] that Dawkins claimed in his book ''The God Delusion'' that Jesus may have never existed and that Dawkins errantly claimed that ancient historians have some disagreement on whether Jesus existed or not. After some additional discussion with Dawkins, Dawkins conceded that Jesus existed and said, "I take that back. Jesus existed".<ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ant5HS01tBQ Richard Dawkins admits Jesus existed]</ref><br />
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==Notes==<br />
{{Reflist|2}}<br />
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[[Category:Jesus]]</div>
Korvex
https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Conservapedia:Image_upload_requests&diff=1345697
Conservapedia:Image upload requests
2017-05-22T15:20:24Z
<p>Korvex: </p>
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:''This page redirects from [[CP:IUR]]''<br />
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[[Conservapedia:Image upload requests/Archive 1|Archive 1]]<br />
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Last change made by {{REVISIONUSER}} on {{REVISIONMONTH}}/{{REVISIONDAY}}/{{REVISIONYEAR}}<br />
==FileZilla==<br />
May I get this screenshot [http://community.archnet.us/conservapedia/images/FileZilla-v3.14.1rev2.jpg] uploaded for [[FileZilla]]? Thanks! --[[User:DavidB4|David B]] ([[User talk:DavidB4|talk]]) 09:15, 12 January 2016 (EST)<br />
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:Done [http://www.conservapedia.com/File:FileZilla-v3.14.1rev2.jpg] --[[User:Jpatt|Jpatt]] ([[User talk:Jpatt|talk]]) 10:05, 15 January 2016 (EST)<br />
::Thanks again!--[[User:DavidB4|David B]] ([[User talk:DavidB4|talk]]) 11:08, 15 January 2016 (EST)<br />
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==Bloatware/Adware==<br />
Could you please upload these 6 images from DavidB4's server? They are examples (nefarious ones!) of bloatware, for the [[Potentially_unwanted_program]] article.<br />
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[http://community.archnet.us/conservapedia/images/bloatware-installscreen1.jpg]<br />
[http://community.archnet.us/conservapedia/images/bloatware-installscreen2.jpg]<br />
[http://community.archnet.us/conservapedia/images/bloatware-installscreen3.jpg]<br />
[http://community.archnet.us/conservapedia/images/bloatware-installscreen4.jpg]<br />
[http://community.archnet.us/conservapedia/images/bloatware-installscreen5.jpg]<br />
[http://community.archnet.us/conservapedia/images/bloatware-adobe.jpg]<br />
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[[User:SamHB|SamHB]] ([[User talk:SamHB|talk]]) 23:09, 21 January 2016 (EST)<br />
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:Got it, will upload as soon as possible.--[[User:Jpatt|Jpatt]] ([[User talk:Jpatt|talk]]) 21:14, 23 January 2016 (EST)<br />
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::Done! [http://www.conservapedia.com/File:Bloatware-installscreen1.jpg] [http://www.conservapedia.com/File:Bloatware-installscreen2.jpg] [http://www.conservapedia.com/File:Bloatware-installscreen3.jpg] [http://www.conservapedia.com/File:Bloatware-installscreen4.jpg] [http://www.conservapedia.com/File:Bloatware-installscreen5.jpg] [http://www.conservapedia.com/File:Bloatware-adobe.jpg] --[[User:Jpatt|Jpatt]] ([[User talk:Jpatt|talk]]) 19:48, 29 January 2016 (EST)<br />
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==[[Windows Essentials]]==<br />
Will you pleas upload [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/8d/Windows_Live_Essentials_Installer.png]? I need it for my new article [[Windows Essentials]]. [[User:U.U|U.U]] ([[User talk:U.U|talk]]) 17:36, 28 January 2016 (EST)<br />
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:'Microsoft product screenshot, used with permission from Microsoft.' --[[User:Jpatt|Jpatt]] ([[User talk:Jpatt|talk]]) 19:27, 29 January 2016 (EST)<br />
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::LIkewise, I need an image for the article [[Inkscape]]. I found one at Wikimedia [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Inkscape_0.48.2_with_Red_Gallardo.svg/800px-Inkscape_0.48.2_with_Red_Gallardo.svg.png]<br />
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:::Done! [http://www.conservapedia.com/File:1280px-Inkscape_0.48.2_with_Red_Gallardo.svg.png] --[[User:Jpatt|Jpatt]] ([[User talk:Jpatt|talk]]) 19:49, 29 January 2016 (EST)<br />
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==Web Browsers==<br />
Hi, can I get these screenshots for [http://community.archnet.us/conservapedia/images/PaleMoon-v26.0.0.jpg Pale Moon], [http://community.archnet.us/conservapedia/images/WaterFox-v43.0.4.png Waterfox], and [http://community.archnet.us/conservapedia/images/Firefox-v43.0.4.jpg the new layout of Firefox] since the current one is rather old? Thanks!--[[User:DavidB4|David B]] ([[User talk:DavidB4|talk]]) 10:36, 29 January 2016 (EST)<br />
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:Done! [http://www.conservapedia.com/File:1280px-Inkscape_0.48.2_with_Red_Gallardo.svg.png] [http://www.conservapedia.com/File:WaterFox-v43.0.4.png] [http://www.conservapedia.com/File:Firefox-v43.0.4.jpg]--[[User:Jpatt|Jpatt]] ([[User talk:Jpatt|talk]]) 19:50, 29 January 2016 (EST)<br />
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==Network logos==<br />
[[CTV]] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CTV_logo.svg], [[MeTV]] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:MeTV.svg] and [[Antenna TV]] [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Antenna_TV_logo.svg]. [[User:Northwest|Northwest]] ([[User talk:Northwest|talk]]) 08:00, 30 January 2016 (EST)<br />
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:Done! [http://www.conservapedia.com/File:227px-CTV_logo.svg.png] [http://www.conservapedia.com/File:330px-MeTV.svg.png] [http://www.conservapedia.com/File:Antenna_TV_logo.svg.png] --[[User:Jpatt|Jpatt]] ([[User talk:Jpatt|talk]]) 10:51, 30 January 2016 (EST)<br />
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==[[Google Chrome]]==<br />
Can we upload file [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Conservapedia_in_Google_Chrome.png] for the article [[Google Chrome]]? [[User:U.U|U.U]] ([[User talk:U.U|talk]]) 20:05, 30 January 2016 (EST)<br />
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:Done! [http://www.conservapedia.com/File:Conservapedia_in_Google_Chrome.png]--[[User:Jpatt|Jpatt]] ([[User talk:Jpatt|talk]]) 20:47, 30 January 2016 (EST)<br />
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==More Browsers==<br />
Hi, can I get [http://community.archnet.us/conservapedia/images/Avant%20Browser%20Ultimate%202016%20build2.jpg this] screenshot for [[Avant Browser]] and [http://community.archnet.us/conservapedia/images/Vivaldi%20browser%20v1.0.344.37.JPG this] for [[Vivaldi (web browser)]]? Thanks! --[[User:DavidB4|David B]] ([[User talk:DavidB4|talk]]) 00:29, 2 February 2016 (EST)<br />
Also, would it be legal to make and publish a screenshot of [[Command prompt]]?--[[User:DavidB4|David B]] ([[User talk:DavidB4|talk]]) 14:13, 3 February 2016 (EST)<br />
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:Done [http://www.conservapedia.com/File:Avant_Browser_Ultimate_2016_build2.jpg] [http://www.conservapedia.com/File:Vivaldi_browser_v1.0.344.37.JPG]. Command prompt shouldn't be a problem. --[[User:Jpatt|Jpatt]] ([[User talk:Jpatt|talk]]) 08:12, 7 February 2016 (EST)<br />
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==[[Rubik's Cube]]==<br />
Need [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/Pocket_cube_twisted.jpg], [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/Professor%27s_cube_solved.jpg], [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/Rubik-Wuerfel.jpg], and [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Rubik%27s_cube_almost_solved.svg/480px-Rubik%27s_cube_almost_solved.svg.png] from Wikimedia. [[User:U.U|U.U]] ([[User talk:U.U|talk]]) 23:24, 5 February 2016 (EST)<br />
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:Done [http://www.conservapedia.com/File:Pocket_cube_twisted.jpg] [http://www.conservapedia.com/File:Professor%27s_cube_solved.jpg] [http://www.conservapedia.com/File:Rubik-Wuerfel.jpg] [http://www.conservapedia.com/File:480px-Rubik%27s_cube_almost_solved.svg.png] --[[User:Jpatt|Jpatt]] ([[User talk:Jpatt|talk]]) 08:12, 7 February 2016 (EST)<br />
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==Command Prompt==<br />
I'd like [http://community.archnet.us/conservapedia/images/CMD-on-Win7.jpg| this] for [[Command prompt]]. Thanks!<br />
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:Done! [http://www.conservapedia.com/File:CMD-on-Win7.jpg] --Jpatt 01:17, 15 February 2016 (EST)<br />
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==[[Internet Explorer]]==<br />
This article needs some working on, but can we try to get the permission to use this [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Conservapedia_in_Internet_Explorer.png/800px-Conservapedia_in_Internet_Explorer.png]? [[User:U.U|U.U]] ([[User talk:U.U|talk]]) 17:33, 15 February 2016 (EST)<br />
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:Done! [http://www.conservapedia.com/File:Conservapedia_in_Internet_Explorer.png]--Jpatt 21:20, 22 February 2016 (EST)<br />
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==More "lesser" browsers==<br />
Can I get [http://community.archnet.us/conservapedia/images/Slimjet7.0.8.0.jpg] and [http://community.archnet.us/conservapedia/images/CometBirdv11.0.jpg] uploaded for their respective articles?<br />
Also, these are public domain, but would it be helpful or at least not a problem if I claim copyright on screenshots or at least non-screenshot images (I don't know if I legally can claim it on a screenshot of someone else's program) and grant free use to CP?--[[User:DavidB4|David B]] ([[User talk:DavidB4|talk]]) 09:25, 18 February 2016 (EST)<br />
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:Done! [http://www.conservapedia.com/File:Slimjet7.0.8.0.jpg] [http://www.conservapedia.com/File:CometBirdv11.0.jpg] I wouldn't worry about it. Those companies use open source products of other companies copyright. I've left out 'Release to the public.'--Jpatt 21:24, 22 February 2016 (EST)<br />
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==SeaMonkey==<br />
Hi, can I get [http://community.archnet.us/conservapedia/images/SeaMonkeyBrowser2.39.jpg this] uploaded (as Public Domain) for [[SeaMonkey]]? Thanks!--[[User:DavidB4|David B]] ([[User talk:DavidB4|talk]]) 22:15, 23 February 2016 (EST)<br />
:Scratch that--Mr. Schlafly just gave me upload rights. I've done it myself. [http://www.conservapedia.com/File:SeaMonkey2.39.jpg] --[[User:DavidB4|David B]] ([[User talk:DavidB4|talk]]) 23:37, 23 February 2016 (EST)<br />
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==Barry Setterfield diagrams==<br />
I wonder if you could upload these two diagrams: [http://www.ldolphin.org/setterfield/fig3.jpg] and [http://www.ldolphin.org/setterfield/fig4.jpg]. You'll probably need to give them more specific names, like "setterfieldfigure3" and "setterfieldfigure4". These are for a planned revamp of the "c decay" article. The figures, and the Barry Setterfield paper itself, are on Lambert Dolphin's library, [http://www.ldolphin.org/], which gives permission to quote or use the essays, with reference to the source, which I will give. [[User:SamHB|SamHB]] ([[User talk:SamHB|talk]]) 01:25, 27 February 2016 (EST)<br />
<br />
:Done! [http://www.conservapedia.com/File:Setterfieldfigure3.jpg] [http://www.conservapedia.com/File:Setterfieldfigure4.jpg]--Jpatt 11:05, 27 February 2016 (EST)<br />
==Chrome==<br />
Can we upload this [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/Google_Chrome_icon_%282011%29.png]? [[User:U.U|U.U]] ([[User talk:U.U|talk]]) 19:56, 29 February 2016 (EST)<br />
:Uploaded! [http://www.conservapedia.com/File:Google_Chrome_icon_%282011%29.png] --[[User:DavidB4|David B]] ([[User talk:DavidB4|talk]]) 21:13, 29 February 2016 (EST)<br />
<br />
==[[Minesweeper (video game)]]==<br />
Need this [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/4a/Minesweeper_7.png]. [[User:U.U|U.U]] ([[User talk:U.U|talk]]) 22:08, 29 February 2016 (EST)<br />
<br />
:Can't do "Microsoft product screenshot, used with permission from Microsoft." --Jpatt 19:04, 19 March 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
==[[Homeopathy]]==<br />
Please add this [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rhustox.jpg image of a homeopathic remedy]; it's for the article [[homeopathy]].--[[User:Leugen|Leugen]] ([[User talk:Leugen|talk]]) 21:20, 18 March 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
:Done! [http://www.conservapedia.com/File:Rhustox.jpg] --Jpatt 19:04, 19 March 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
==Michelson and Morley==<br />
Could you please grab [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Albert_Abraham_Michelson2.jpg] and [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Edward_Williams_Morley2.jpg]? Cons wants pictures to spice up the relativity articles, and I'm getting tired of seeing Einstein's face. [[User:SamHB|SamHB]] ([[User talk:SamHB|talk]]) 22:13, 5 May 2016 (EDT)<br />
:Not to steal Jpatt's job, but I've uploaded them. Einstein's face does seem to show up an awful lot, doesn't it? These are located here: [[:File:Albert Abraham Michelson2.jpg]] and [[:File:Edward Williams Morley2.jpg]] Of course, they are not protected as admins usually do, since I cannot do this. Fell free to lock them if you wish, Jpatt. --[[User:DavidB4|David B]] ([[User talk:DavidB4|talk]]) 22:30, 5 May 2016 (EDT)<br />
==Conrail map==<br />
Could you please upload https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Conrail_System_Map.PNG it is attributed to user User:CSX,LLC Thank you very much. [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 07:09, 16 May 2016 (EDT)<br />
:Uploaded here: [[:File:Conrail System Map.PNG]] --[[User:DavidB4|David B]] ([[User talk:DavidB4|talk]]) 08:45, 16 May 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
==Pastor Don Ohm==<br />
File:Pastor Don Ohm IMG 8750.JPG<br />
<br />
Please download the above to the article [[Don Ohm]] from Wikimedia Commons. [[User:BHathorn|BHathorn]] ([[User talk:BHathorn|talk]]) 10:51, 19 May 2016 (EDT)<br />
:Uploaded here: [[:File:Pastor Don Ohm IMG 8750.JPG]]. It's not on that page yet, but I'll add it later if you don't. --[[User:DavidB4|David B]] ([[User talk:DavidB4|talk]]) 11:48, 19 May 2016 (EDT)<br />
::Update: I added it to that page. --[[User:DavidB4|David B]] ([[User talk:DavidB4|talk]]) 17:46, 19 May 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
==CSX map==<br />
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CSX_Transportation#/media/File:CSX_Transportation_system_map.svg public domain. [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 10:15, 19 May 2016 (EDT)<br />
:Sorry for the extra wait. The server is back up, so here's the image: [[:File:CSX Transportation system map.jpeg]] --[[User:DavidB4|David B]] ([[User talk:DavidB4|talk]]) 13:18, 19 May 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
==Church pianist Deborah Ohm==<br />
<br />
Please add to the article [[Don Ohm]]:<br />
<br />
File:Church pianist Deborah Ohm IMG 9034.JPG<br />
<br />
Thanks [[User:BHathorn|BHathorn]] ([[User talk:BHathorn|talk]]) 17:31, 29 May 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
:Uploaded [[:File:Church pianist Deborah Ohm IMG 9034.JPG|here]] and added to article. --[[User:DavidB4|David B]] ([[User talk:DavidB4|talk]]) 00:33, 31 May 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
<br />
==Selective Outrage==<br />
Could someone please upload this file for the in-progress article [[Selective outrage]]? Thanks.<br />
[http://california.politifake.org/image/political/1002/selective-outrage-liberals-obama-miss-california-hypocrisy-political-poster-1266638628.jpg] [[User:TrappedinSF|TrappedinSF]] ([[User talk:TrappedinSF|talk]]) 22:25, 12 June 2016 (EDT)<br />
:I have been unable to find licensing information for this image. Is it available under CC or even Public Domain, or are you hoping to use this under Fair Use? [[User:Jpatt|Jpatt]] might know better than I if we can upload this or not. You could ask him, if you wish. --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 22:17, 10 July 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
==Omar Mateen==<br />
Please: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omar_Mateen#/media/File:Omar_Mateen.jpg [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 07:39, 6 July 2016 (EDT)<br />
:Uploaded to [[:File:Omar_Mateen.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 22:13, 10 July 2016 (EDT)<br />
::Many thanks, [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 00:41, 11 July 2016 (EDT)<br />
==Fructose and BPA==<br />
Please: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Beta-D-Fructofuranose.svg (public domain) and https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:4,4%27-(propane-2,2-diyl)diphenol_200.svg (public domain) [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 22:39, 12 July 2016 (EDT)<br />
:Uploaded! [[:File:Beta-D-Fructofuranose.svg.png]] and [[:File:4,4'-(propane-2,2-diyl)diphenol 200.svg.png]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 23:34, 12 July 2016 (EDT)<br />
==Amir Azarvan==<br />
Please: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Amir_Azarvan.png [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 05:38, 18 July 2016 (EDT)<br />
:Uploaded to [[:File:Amir Azarvan.png]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 08:19, 18 July 2016 (EDT)<br />
==BPS==<br />
Please: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bisphenol_S.svg [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 09:14, 19 July 2016 (EDT)<br />
:Uploaded to [[:File:Bisphenol S.svg.png]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 09:44, 19 July 2016 (EDT)<br />
==UFC==<br />
Please: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Worsham_nearly_thrown_from_cage.jpg [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 08:41, 20 July 2016 (EDT)<br />
:Uploaded here: [[:File:Worsham nearly thrown from cage.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 09:03, 20 July 2016 (EDT)<br />
==University photos==<br />
* https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:UMW_Trinkle_Hall.JPG<br />
* https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Secretary_Kerry_Walks_With_UVA_President_Sullivan.jpg<br />
* https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cornell_University,_Ho_Plaza_and_Sage_Hall.jpg<br />
* File:VT Burruss Hall.jpg Many thanks, [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 13:24, 21 July 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br /><br />
::Uploaded!<br />
*[[:File:UMW_Trinkle_Hall.JPG]]<br />
*[[:File:Secretary Kerry Walks With UVA President Sullivan.jpg]]<br />
*[[:File:Cornell University, Ho Plaza and Sage Hall.jpg]]<br />
*[[:File:VT Burruss Hall.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 13:58, 21 July 2016 (EDT)<br />
==Rule 40==<br />
Please http://rule40.com/assets/rule40_not_pictured.png If you want more than one, visit rule40.com [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 14:02, 31 July 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
:Sorry for the delay on this one, but rule40.com seems not to mention any licensing information. Perhaps we could use it because it is just text, but I'd like to be a bit more sure. Am I missing a license agreement somewhere? --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 08:20, 23 August 2016 (EDT)<br />
::The website created the graphics so that they could be shared as a form of political protest, "download and post generic rule40-safe content to support olympic athletes during the blackout." [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 10:36, 1 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
:::Done: [[:File:Rule40 athlete earning a living... not pictured.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 15:40, 1 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
==Samantha Bee==<br />
This photo of [[Samantha Bee]] [http://screencrush.com/files/2016/04/samantha-bee-pic.jpg] to include in the article about her I'm creating (will probably need trimming in Photoshop). [[User:Northwest|Northwest]] ([[User talk:Northwest|talk]]) 03:11, 23 August 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
:All I'm seeing for licensing of this image is "© 2016 ScreenCrush is part of the ScreenCrush Network, Townsquare Media, Inc. All rights reserved." If that applies to the image, then I can't upload it. Are you aware of other licensing for it? --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 08:23, 23 August 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
::Not that I know of. Maybe there might be other pictures out there that could be used as far as licensing goes. [[User:Northwest|Northwest]] ([[User talk:Northwest|talk]]) 08:33, 23 August 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
:::Okay, would this one do [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Samantha_Bee#/media/File:SamanthaBeeFeb2011.jpg]? --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 08:52, 23 August 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
::::Sure, that'd be fine. [[User:Northwest|Northwest]] ([[User talk:Northwest|talk]]) 09:06, 23 August 2016 (EDT)<br />
Done: [[:File:SamanthaBeeFeb2011.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 09:35, 23 August 2016 (EDT)<br />
:Also, if you want it cropped, I can do that. Just let me know if so! --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 13:01, 23 August 2016 (EDT)<br />
==Science stuff==<br />
Please: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sodium_laurylsulfonate_V.1.svg<br />
Please: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Van_Allen_radiation_belt.svg<br />
Please: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mt._Sulphur_cosmic_ray_observatory.jpg<br />
Thanks, [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 10:41, 1 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
:Done!<br />
*[[:File:Sodium lauryl sulfonate.png]]<br />
*[[:File:Van Allen radiation belt.png]]<br />
*[[:File:Mt. Sulphur cosmic ray observatory.jpg]] <br />
Thanks for your help with [[Sodium lauryl sulfate|SLS]], too! I'd also been planning to add the image, but forgot to. Good thing you thought of it!--[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 12:51, 1 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
==Creationism and politics==<br />
Would it be possible if someone uploads these images to Conservapedia? Some of these images are logos of organizations, but I believe that fair use applies here.<br />
<br />
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SVP_UDC.svg]<br />
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Swiss_Peoples_Party.png]<br />
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Answers_in_Genesis_logo_adopted_2016.png]<br />
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Creation_Museum_Legacy_Hall.jpg]<br />
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BillNyeSG.jpg]<br />
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:KenHam.JPG]<br />
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Institute_for_Creation_Research_logo.jpg]<br />
<br />
Thanks! --[[User:1990&#39;sguy|1990&#39;sguy]] ([[User talk:1990&#39;sguy|talk]]) 18:50, 1 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
:The first two are trademarks and presumably copyrighted. I would like a second opinion or direct permission before uploading those two. Wikipedia can get away with it, but for both moral and legal reasons, I don't want to "push it." The third and seventh I did because I believe we are allies, and they will have no problem with this kind of use for promotion.<br />
:The uploaded ones are:<br />
*[[:File:Answers in Genesis logo adopted 2016.png]]<br />
*[[:File:Creation Museum Legacy Hall.jpg]]<br />
*[[:File:BillNyeSG.jpg]]<br />
*[[:File:KenHam.JPG]]<br />
*[[:File:Institute for Creation Research logo.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 22:45, 1 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
==More politics==<br />
Hopefully someone wouldn't mind uploading these as well. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_Fuller_Court.jpg][https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:John_Marshall_Harlan_1.jpg][https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Larry_McDonald.jpg]<br />
<br />
Thanks! --[[User:1990&#39;sguy|1990&#39;sguy]] ([[User talk:1990&#39;sguy|talk]]) 18:56, 1 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
:Uploaded!<br />
*[[:File:The Fuller Court.jpg]]<br />
*[[:File:John Marshall Harlan 1.jpg]]<br />
*[[:File:Larry McDonald.jpg]]<br />
:I'm always hesitant to claim fair use, but I'll look over and consider the trademarks in your first request. I welcome any second opinions! --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 21:53, 1 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
::Thanks for the uploads! I'll ask Andy if he can help with the two images. --[[User:1990&#39;sguy|1990&#39;sguy]] ([[User talk:1990&#39;sguy|talk]]) 23:06, 2 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
:::I've asked [[User:Jpatt|Jpatt]], who used to be the one uploading images anyway. Lately I've been stealing his job, but I'm sure he has more experience. If you want to ask Andy as well, though fell free to do so! --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 23:14, 2 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
::::Thanks! I didn't see that you already asked Jpatt, and I already asked Andy. --[[User:1990&#39;sguy|1990&#39;sguy]] ([[User talk:1990&#39;sguy|talk]]) 23:18, 2 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
:::::Oh, and I posted after you already asked. Eh, oh well. --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 01:25, 3 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
==Our favorite punching bag==<br />
*Please: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Katherine_Maher.jpg<br />
*Please: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:James_5_(Final_4)aCrop.png name the photo James Heilman<br />
*Please: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rasberry_pi_card.jpg<br />
*Please: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wikimania_2016_-_Board_discussions_1_Transparency_%26_Communication_03.jpg [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 12:38, 4 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
:Uploaded: <br />
:*[[:File:Katherine Maher.jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:James Heilman.png]]<br />
:*[[:File:Rasberry pi card.jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:Wikimania 2016 - Board discussions 1 Transparency & Communication 03.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 23:45, 4 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
==More images==<br />
Would it be OK to upload these images?<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Matt_Bevin_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Greg_Abbott_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tim_Scott,_official_portrait,_113th_Congress.jpg<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Randy_Hultgren_Official_Photo_112.jpg<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:9.12_tea_party_in_DC.jpg<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:TeaPartyRally_-_Searchlight,_Nevada.jpg<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:TeaPartyByFreedomFan.JPG<br />
<br />
Thanks, I hope! --[[User:1990&#39;sguy|1990&#39;sguy]] ([[User talk:1990&#39;sguy|talk]]) 22:33, 6 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
:Uploaded:<br />
:*[[:File:Matt Bevin by Gage Skidmore.jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:Greg Abbott.jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:Tim Scott, official portrait, 113th Congress.jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:Randy Hultgren Official Photo 112.jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:9.12 tea party in DC.jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:TeaPartyRally - Searchlight, Nevada.jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:TeaPartyByFreedomFan.JPG]]<br />
:They were all fine, since none were fully copyrighted. --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 00:07, 7 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
==Historical images==<br />
Would someone please upload these images? Thanks!<br />
<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Roman_Empire_Trajan_117AD.png<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Justinian555AD.png<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Steve_Beshear_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg<br />
<br />
--[[User:1990&#39;sguy|1990&#39;sguy]] ([[User talk:1990&#39;sguy|talk]]) 16:30, 8 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
<br />
:Done! <br />
:*[[:File:Roman Empire Trajan 117AD.png]]<br />
:*[[:File:Justinian555AD.png]]<br />
:*[[:File:Steve Beshear at Microphone.jpg]]<br />
:--[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 20:55, 8 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
==History and Switzerland==<br />
This is a big batch of images. I hope nobody will mind that.<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Statue-Augustus.jpg<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pont_du_Gard_Oct_2007.jpg<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bern_104.jpg<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Landsgemeinde_Glarus_2006.jpg<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Switzerland_-_Air_Force_McDonnell_Douglas_FA-18C_Hornet_-_cropped.jpg<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Aerial_view_of_Zurich.JPG<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20141120_gotthard-basistunnel02-wikipedia-hannes-ortlieb.jpg<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Roman_column_-_Nyon,_Vaud,_Switzerland.jpg<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pz_87_Leopard_-_Seite_-_Schweizer_Armee_-_Steel_Parade_2006.jpg<br />
<br />
Thanks! --[[User:1990&#39;sguy|1990&#39;sguy]] ([[User talk:1990&#39;sguy|talk]]) 23:55, 8 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
:I've uploaded two, but I'm out of time. I'll do the rest tomorrow, unless anyone else does first. (If I don't, remind me!)<br />
:*[[:File:Statue-Augustus.jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:Pont du Gard Oct 2007.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 01:33, 9 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
:And here are the rest:<br />
:*[[:File:Swiss Federal Palace (Bundeshaus) in Berne.jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:Landsgemeinde Glarus 2006.jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:Switzerland - Air Force McDonnell Douglas FA-18C Hornet - cropped.jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:Aerial view of Zurich.JPG]]<br />
:*[[:File:Gotthard-basistunnel02-hannes-ortlieb.jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:Roman column - Nyon, Vaud, Switzerland.jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:Swiss Army. Leopard 2-2A4 tank-Steel Parade 2006.jpg]]<br />
:I am not aware of any space restrictions on CP, so I don't think anyone minds! Just one suggestion: It's fine to use images from Wikipedia/WikiMedia, but to avoid become a WP clone, some people prefer to get some of their images from other sources. You can sometimes find better ones elsewhere anyway. I you wish to keep using Wikipedia, that's fine, but if you are interested in going other places, [[User:Conservative/Free pics|here is a good list of some places to look]]. Keep up the great work! --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 11:26, 9 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
::Thanks! You have a fair point about not making CP a copy of WP. It's just that I also edit Wikipedia, and when I see that a CP article is in need of a good image, the images that are on WP instantly come to mind. I will be requesting a few more WP images in the near future, but I will do better to mind your point. Thanks for the tips! --[[User:1990&#39;sguy|1990&#39;sguy]] ([[User talk:1990&#39;sguy|talk]]) 19:21, 9 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
==More==<br />
*Please: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Greta_Van_Susteren_in_Manchester,_NH.jpg<br />
*Please:https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Manasseh_Cutler_Hall,_Ohio_University.jpg<br />
[[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 10:23, 10 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
:Done:<br />
:*[[:File:Greta Van Susteren in Manchester, NH.jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:Manasseh Cutler Hall, Ohio University.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 12:16, 10 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
==Image requests==<br />
Some more images:<br />
* https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_RNC_July_2016.jpg<br />
* https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_by_Gage_Skidmore_5_(cut).jpg<br />
* https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_and_Mike_Pence_RNC_July_2016.jpg<br />
* https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ted_Cruz_by_Gage_Skidmore_7.jpg<br />
* https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Senator_of_Texas_Ted_Cruz_at_New_England_College_Town_Hall_Meeting_on_Feb_3rd,_2016_by_Michael_Vadon_13.jpg<br />
<br />
--[[User:1990&#39;sguy|1990&#39;sguy]] ([[User talk:1990&#39;sguy|talk]]) 16:02, 10 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
:Done!<br />
:*[[:File:Donald Trump RNC July 2016.jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:Donald Trump Speaking in Fountain Hills.jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:Donald Trump and Mike Pence RNC July 2016.jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:Ted Cruz speaking in Des Moines.jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:Senator of Texas Ted Cruz at New England College Town Hall Meeting.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 17:00, 10 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
Please: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Patrick_Henry.jpg [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 18:49, 10 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
:Done: [[:File:Patrick Henry College.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 21:22, 10 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
Also these images, please:<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:William-Farel.jpg<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:FarelNeuenburg.jpg<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ReformationsdenkmalGenf1.jpg<br />
* https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Z%C3%BCrich.jpg<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Knoxbezaicones.jpg<br />
* https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Geneve_2005_001_Ork.ch.jpg<br />
* https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Basel_Aussicht.JPG<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Werkstatt_von_Lucas_Cranach_d.%C3%84._-_Portr%C3%A4t_des_Philip_Melanchton.jpg<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tyndale_Bible_Stevage.jpeg<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:William_Tyndale.jpg<br />
<br />
--[[User:1990&#39;sguy|1990&#39;sguy]] ([[User talk:1990&#39;sguy|talk]]) 21:28, 10 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
:*[[:File:William-Farel.jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:FarelNeuenburg.jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:Reformation Wall (Reformationsdenkmal Genf).jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:Zürich.jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:Knoxbezaicones.jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:Geneve 2005 001 Ork.ch.jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:Basel Aussicht.JPG]]<br />
:*[[:File:Werkstatt von Lucas Cranach d.Ä. - Porträt des Philip Melanchton.jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:Tyndale Bible Stevage.jpeg]]<br />
:*[[:File:William Tyndale.jpg]]<br />
:Done! --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 01:49, 12 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
==Trump & Pence==<br />
Please upload these:<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Donald_Trump_(29273256122)_-_Cropped.jpg<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mike_Pence_by_Gage_Skidmore_6.jpg<br />
--[[User:1990&#39;sguy|1990&#39;sguy]] ([[User talk:1990&#39;sguy|talk]]) 22:30, 16 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
:*[[:File:Donald Trump (29273256122) Phoenix.jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:Mike Pence.jpg]]<br />
:Done! --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 00:34, 17 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
==Politcians==<br />
Please upload these images:<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tom_Cotton_official_Senate_photo.jpg<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Earl_Ray_Tomblin_2.jpg<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Shelley_Moore_Capito_official_Senate_photo.jpg<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Joe_Manchin_official_portrait_112th_Congress.jpg<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Marco_Rubio,_Official_Portrait,_112th_Congress.jpg<br />
* https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Marco_Rubio_(24556513751).jpg<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rand_Paul,_official_portrait,_112th_Congress_alternate.jpg<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rand_Paul_2013_CPAC_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:JebBush.jpg<br />
--[[User:1990&#39;sguy|1990&#39;sguy]] ([[User talk:1990&#39;sguy|talk]]) 23:57, 19 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
:I'm keeping pretty busy right now, but I'll upload as possible. If anyone else helps, it would be appreciated. So far, these have been uploaded:<br />
:*[[:File:Tom Cotton official Senate photo.jpg]]<br />
:--[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 01:40, 20 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
:*[[:File:Earl Ray Tomblin 2.jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:Shelley Moore Capito official Senate photo.jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:Joe Manchin official portrait 112th Congress.jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:Marco Rubio (24556513751).jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:Rand Paul, official portrait, 112th Congress alternate.jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:Rand Paul 2013 CPAC by Gage Skidmore.jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:JebBush.jpg]]<br />
:Done! --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 13:31, 20 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
::Thanks, however, you forgot [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Marco_Rubio,_Official_Portrait,_112th_Congress.jpg this one]. --[[User:1990&#39;sguy|1990&#39;sguy]] ([[User talk:1990&#39;sguy|talk]]) 23:01, 20 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
:::[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Frank_D._White_1995.jpg This one] too in addition to the one above, please. --[[User:1990&#39;sguy|1990&#39;sguy]] ([[User talk:1990&#39;sguy|talk]]) 23:15, 20 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
::::Woops! Thanks for the reminder--it's here: [[:File:Marco Rubio, Official Portrait, 112th Congress.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 23:19, 20 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
:::::Done: [[:File:Frank D. White 1995.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 23:25, 20 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
==Bruce Rauner==<br />
Please:<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Illinois_Governor_Election_Results_by_County,_2014.svg<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Bruce_Rauner_2016_cropped.jpg<br />
Thanks! --[[User:1990&#39;sguy|1990&#39;sguy]] ([[User talk:1990&#39;sguy|talk]]) 23:06, 22 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
:This one too please: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:PhilCrane.jpg --[[User:1990&#39;sguy|1990&#39;sguy]] ([[User talk:1990&#39;sguy|talk]]) 23:31, 22 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
::Done:<br />
:*[[:File:Illinois Governor Election Results by County, 2014.svg.png]]<br />
:*[[:File:Bruce Rauner 2016 cropped.jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:Philip Miller.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 00:52, 23 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
::Thanks, however you appear to have misnamed the Phil Crane image. --[[User:1990&#39;sguy|1990&#39;sguy]] ([[User talk:1990&#39;sguy|talk]]) 08:04, 23 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
:::I missed his last name. It's now: [[:File:Philip Miller Crane.jpg]] Is that good? --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 10:38, 23 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
::::Perfect. Thanks! --[[User:1990&#39;sguy|1990&#39;sguy]] ([[User talk:1990&#39;sguy|talk]]) 16:53, 23 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
==Politicians==<br />
Please:<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dave_Brat_official_congressional_photo.jpg<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ken_Buck_official_congressional_photo.jpg<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:DanPatrickSenate.jpg<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Christoph_Blocher_(Bundesrat,_2004).jpg<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cory_Gardner_official_Senate_portrait.jpeg<br />
--[[User:1990&#39;sguy|1990&#39;sguy]] ([[User talk:1990&#39;sguy|talk]]) 18:52, 26 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
:*[[:File:Dave_Brat_official_congressional_photo.jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:Ken Buck official congressional photo.jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:DanPatrickSenate.jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:Christoph Blocher (Bundesrat, 2004).jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:Cory Gardner official Senate portrait.jpeg]]<br />
:Uploaded! --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 20:11, 26 September 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
==U.S. territories==<br />
Please:<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Guam.svg<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands.svg<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands.svg<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_American_Samoa.svg<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:US_Navy_110821-N-AZ907-015_The_aircraft_carrier_USS_Ronald_Reagan_(CVN_76)_enters_Apra_Harbor_for_a_scheduled_port_visit.jpg<br />
Thanks! --[[User:1990&#39;sguy|1990&#39;sguy]] ([[User talk:1990&#39;sguy|talk]]) 11:40, 1 October 2016 (EDT)<br />
:Would someone upload these images in addition to those above:<br />
:* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nigel_Farage_of_UKIP.jpg<br />
:* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:UKIP_campaigning_in_Newport_High_Street.jpg<br />
:Thanks! --[[User:1990&#39;sguy|1990&#39;sguy]] ([[User talk:1990&#39;sguy|talk]]) 18:53, 4 October 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
::*[[:File:Flag of Guam.svg.png]]<br />
::*[[:File:Flag of the Northern Mariana Islands.svg.png]]<br />
::*[[:File:Flag of the United States Virgin Islands.svg.png]]<br />
::*[[:File:Flag of American Samoa.svg.png]]<br />
::*[[:File:US Navy 110821-N-AZ907-015 The aircraft carrier USS Ronald Reagan (CVN 76) enters Apra Harbor for a scheduled port visit.jpg]]<br />
::*[[:File:Nigel Farage of UKIP.jpg]]<br />
::*[[:File:UKIP campaigning in Newport High Street.jpg]]<br />
::Sorry I didn't get to these sooner. I've been too busy putting out other fires to upload these. --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 22:14, 4 October 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
==Election results==<br />
Please:<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Texas_Governor_Election_Results_by_County,_2014.svg<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:United_Kingdom_EU_referendum_2016_area_results.svg<br />
--[[User:1990&#39;sguy|1990&#39;sguy]] ([[User talk:1990&#39;sguy|talk]]) 17:16, 6 October 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
:*[[:File:Texas Governor Election Results by County, 2014.svg.png]]<br />
:*[[:File:United Kingdom EU referendum 2016 area results.svg.png]]<br />
:Done --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 17:37, 6 October 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
==Swiss People's Party==<br />
Please:<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CHbezirke_110211_SVP.png<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Swiss_party_politics_2007_en.png<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:National_Council_of_Switzerland_2015_election_winner_by_canton.svg<br />
--[[User:1990&#39;sguy|1990&#39;sguy]] ([[User talk:1990&#39;sguy|talk]]) 21:02, 12 October 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
:*[[:File:CHbezirke 110211 SVP.png]]<br />
:*[[:File:Swiss party politics 2007 en.png]]<br />
:*[[:File:National Council of Switzerland 2015 election winner by canton.svg.png]]<br />
:Uploaded --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 00:54, 13 October 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
==Canadian Broadcasting Corporation==<br />
This logo of the [[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]] [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:CBC_Television_2009.svg] (specifically, the logo of CBC Television) to use for its article here. [[User:Northwest|Northwest]] ([[User talk:Northwest|talk]]) 03:10, 13 October 2016 (EDT)<br /><br />
Be carefull, there are copyright and trademark concerns with official logos, and you must have a fair use rationale for each use of the image. Thanks, [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 07:16, 13 October 2016 (EDT)<br /><br />
:Agreed, that's a bit questionable and a little risky. We could just do like Wikipedia, and claim it is in the Public Domain, but it is a registered trademark and they certainly claim copyright on it. In the court of law, perhaps Wikipedia could win, but I doubt it. We could also claim "Fair Use" but this is a poorly defined clause, and could be legally challenged as well. WP gets away with it, but there are a lot of people who want CP gone, so the liberal [[double standard]] may apply here. This isn't my site, so I'm probably not the one who might end up in legal quagmire over it if I did the upload, but I'd rather not risk making a mess for someone else to clean up. If an admin feels differently, though, that's fine with me. --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 13:04, 13 October 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
==Help with "Battle of Long Tan" page infobox==<br />
<br />
Need to replace US flag with Australian flag, and to replace Confederate flag with VC or North Vietnam flag for I copy & pasted info box from the Battle of Gettysburg page.<br />
<br />
Also can we please include the 9th Black & White picture (scroll down) showing Australian troops with captured VC weapons that appears in the following news website: http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-08-18/the-battle-of-long-tan-defining-aspects/7719212 and have it replace the Battle of Gettysburg flag that currently illustrates the [[Battle of Long Tan]] page?--[[User:Paulvani|Paulvani]] ([[User talk:Paulvani|talk]]) 19:38, 20 October 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
:I fixed the infobox. The infobox that was originally on the article was specifically intended for Civil War battles. As for the image, I would prefer that an editor with more knowledge of copyright laws take a look at this request. --[[User:1990&#39;sguy|1990&#39;sguy]] ([[User talk:1990&#39;sguy|talk]]) 22:11, 20 October 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
::Thanks for fixing that, 1990&#39;sguy. Paulvani, ABC tends not to share very well. [http://www.abc.net.au/conditions.htm#UseOfContent Their license] only allow their site content to be used for personal purposes. Republishing is expressly prohibited, so I'm afraid we can't use the image you would like. Can you find something suitable in the Library of Congress archives, WikiMedia, or Flickr? --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 12:51, 21 October 2016 (EDT)<br />
==More requests==<br />
*Please: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Reagan_meets_with_aides_on_Iran-Contra.jpg<br />
*Please: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AdnanKhashoggi06.JPG [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 06:55, 27 October 2016 (EDT)<br />
:*[[:File:Reagan meets with aides on Iran-Contra.jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:AdnanKhashoggi06.JPG]] <br />
:Uploaded --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 11:51, 27 October 2016 (EDT)<br />
* Please: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ErieCanalMap.jpg<br />
<br />
:*[[:File:ErieCanalMap.jpg]] uploaded --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 22:51, 29 October 2016 (EDT)<br />
*Please: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tuscan_archipelago.png [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 05:35, 3 November 2016 (EDT)<br />
*Please: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Spiral-jetty-from-rozel-point.png<br />
*Please: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Great_Salt_Lake_ISS_2003.jpg<br />
*Please: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:PugetSound-NASA.jpg [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 10:43, 3 November 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
:*[[:File:Tuscan_archipelago.png]]<br />
:*[[:File:Spiral-jetty-from-rozel-point.png]]<br />
:*[[:File:Great Salt Lake ISS 2003.jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:PugetSound-NASA.jpg]] <br />
:Uploaded! --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 11:30, 3 November 2016 (EDT)<br />
*Please: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Corsica_in_France_2016.svg [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 21:34, 4 November 2016 (EDT)<br />
<br />
:Done: [[:File:Corsica in France 2016.svg.png]]--[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 16:28, 5 November 2016 (EDT)<br />
*Urgent: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral_College_(United_States)#/media/File:Electoral_map_2012-2020.svg<br />
The numbers on the 2008 map currently used on this wiki are out-of-date. [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 13:03, 8 November 2016 (EST)<br />
<br />
:Done: [[:File:Electoral map 2012-2020.svg.png]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 13:42, 8 November 2016 (EST)<br />
:I also updated the image on [[Electoral College]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 14:13, 8 November 2016 (EST)<br />
*Please: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Brnmasonictemp.jpg [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 03:03, 12 November 2016 (EST)<br />
:Done [[:File:Brownsville Masonic Temple.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 01:20, 17 November 2016 (EST)<br />
*Please: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Trujillo_1952.jpg<br />
*Please: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:StateCapitolIndiana.jpg [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 11:30, 1 December 2016 (EST)<br />
<br />
:*[[:File:IndianaStateCapitol.jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:Trujillo 1952.jpg]]<br />
::Done! --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 12:56, 1 December 2016 (EST)<br />
<br />
==Math images==<br />
Please upload the ten math diagrams at http://thermo4thermo.org/math_images/ . Thanks in advance.--[[User:Amorrow|Amorrow]] ([[User talk:Amorrow|talk]]) 23:10, 3 December 2016 (EST)<br />
<br />
:Glad too, just one question: Are you releasing these to public domain, or do you want to put restrictions on them? --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 23:40, 3 December 2016 (EST)<br />
::AWM asserts no restrictions.--[[User:Amorrow|Amorrow]] ([[User talk:Amorrow|talk]]) 12:18, 4 December 2016 (EST)<br />
<br />
:::Uploaded: [[:File:1 over x integral.png]], [[:File:Derivative1.png]], [[:File:Exponential.png]], [[:File:Illustration-for-leibniz-product-rule.png]], [[:File:Integral as region under curve.png]], [[:File:Integral example.png]], [[:File:RandLintegrals.png]], [[:File:Sine cosine one period.png]], and [[:File:Y=x^2.png]]<br />
:::I did not upload your Logarithm image yet, because we already have a similar image, [[:File:Log.png]]. Is that file fine, or do you want yours as well? Either option is okay. --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 00:44, 5 December 2016 (EST)<br />
<br />
::::That images suffices. Thank you.--[[User:Amorrow|Amorrow]] ([[User talk:Amorrow|talk]]) 13:43, 5 December 2016 (EST)<br />
<br />
==Rafael Trujillo==<br />
Please upload [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rafael_Trujillo_1933.jpg this stamp from 1933] for the article "[[Rafael Trujillo]]". Thank you!--[[User:SWAJCAHL&#38;S|SWAJCAHL&#38;S]] ([[User talk:SWAJCAHL&#38;S|talk]]) 15:43, 5 December 2016 (EST)<br />
<br />
== Martin Bucer ==<br />
<br />
I have the ability to upload images, but because I am not an expert at copyright laws, I would like someone else to upload this image. I believe this image is public domain in the U.S. (unless I happen to be mistaken), but because it has some tag, I don't want to make some mistake if I upload it.<br />
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Martin_Bucer.png<br />
Thank you. --[[User:1990&#39;sguy|1990&#39;sguy]] ([[User talk:1990&#39;sguy|talk]]) 22:46, 22 December 2016 (EST)<br />
:Conservapedia is hosted in the U.S., so it should be okay for us to use this image. Of course, I could be mistaken too, but I think it's fine. In any case, it never hurts to ask! Uploaded as [[:File:Martin Bucer.png]]. --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 23:19, 22 December 2016 (EST)<br />
::Thank you. One thing I noticed is that the tag on the uploaded image states that the public domain status "applies worldwide", when that does not appear to be the case. --[[User:1990&#39;sguy|1990&#39;sguy]] ([[User talk:1990&#39;sguy|talk]]) 08:36, 23 December 2016 (EST)<br />
:::Good catch, thanks for mentioning that. I should have noticed--that was sloppy. I've removed the template, so they'll need to read the text now. ;) --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 12:57, 23 December 2016 (EST)<br />
::::The artist René Boyvin died in 1598, so this should be good throughout the world.<br />
<br />
Please: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chalk.jpg [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 23:13, 1 January 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
:::::Hmm... sounds like I (or someone else) can change than then. Anyway, I've uploaded [[:File:Chalk.jpg]]. Sorry for the wait, but I missed seeing this when you first posted it. --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 11:09, 4 January 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
== image upload request ==<br />
<br />
I request that the first image on http://thermo4thermo.org/math_images/index.html be uploaded.--[[User:Amorrow|Amorrow]] ([[User talk:Amorrow|talk]]) 16:17, 4 January 2017 (EST)<br />
:Uploaded: [[:File:Integral approximations.png]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 19:18, 4 January 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
== Just curious ==<br />
Is it OK to upload book covers or movie posters to CP? --[[User:1990&#39;sguy|1990&#39;sguy]] ([[User talk:1990&#39;sguy|talk]]) 10:11, 5 January 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
:Probably the same copyright rules apply to these. Fair use may be an arguable point, since the covers/posters are meant to promote the content, so if anything it would help them for us to use it. However, you will often find inside the cover of a book that the cover art is copyrighted by xyz person, so that should to be respected. Probably only cover art in the public domain should be used, which can be tricky to even recognize since even if the book is, the cover have have been redesigned. It would be great if they could be used under fair use, but I'd want an admin's approval for that beforehand. --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 10:45, 5 January 2017 (EST)<br />
::Cover art is rarely public domain. Even the photo of the author is virtually always copyrighted as a part of the book. Movie posters are protected by copyright as well, but you can contact the movie studio for permission. [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 07:03, 6 January 2017 (EST)<br />
==Pipe==<br />
Please: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:VolcanicPipe.jpg attribute to User:Asbestos<br />
[[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 07:03, 6 January 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
:Uploaded as [[:File:VolcanicPipe.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 16:06, 6 January 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
Please: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ingersoll_statue.jpg [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 14:32, 11 January 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
:Uploaded as [[:File:Ingersoll statue.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 15:09, 11 January 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
Please: File:Ball's Bluff National Cemetery.jpg [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 01:13, 14 January 2017 (EST)<br />
:Uploaded [[:File:Ball's Bluff National Cemetery.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 16:44, 14 January 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
Please: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Increase2.svg<br />
Please: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Decrease2.svg<br />
Please: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steady2.svg [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 19:26, 14 January 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
:Done: [[:File:Increase2.svg.png]] [[:File:Decrease2.svg.png]] and [[:File:Steady2.svg.png]] I still don't know how to upload multiple resolutions of an image here, so I used mid-range size. --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 19:42, 14 January 2017 (EST)<br />
::Thanks. If you upload it as an svg file, do you have to worry about resolution, since it is vector graphics? [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 22:36, 14 January 2017 (EST)<br />
:::That may be true, but I'm not even sure if it came through properly as a vector image. The site seems to see them as just png files. Maybe I'm wrong, though. --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 00:17, 15 January 2017 (EST)<br />
::::Are you downloading the svg images from Commons or just doing a screen capture? [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 03:05, 15 January 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
Please: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Decrease_Positive.svg and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Increase_Negative.svg [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 03:05, 15 January 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
:Sorry for the wait, and thank for mentioning it, [[User:1990&#39;sguy|1990&#39;sguy]]. I am downloading the files directly from the site. Files uploaded to: [[:File:Increase Negative.svg.png]] and [[:File:Decrease Positive.svg.png]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 23:22, 19 January 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
==Upload reques==<br />
Please help to upload these copyright free images For the article [[Ehsan Sehgal]]. Thanks. [[User:JusticeOfJustice|JusticeOfJustice]] ([[User talk:JusticeOfJustice|talk]]) 03:05, 19 January 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
[https://www.flickr.com/photos/128689506@N04/15802010936/in/photolist-q5nrjq-pPqxkZ-pPpdT1-q4GBCQ-pa1qwS-q46xRw-pPse7y-pNRwi7-pPnaRp-pPrZUm-q6MDb6-p9ZQv5-pa3BjP-pa1ddo-pa4bcT-p9ZV4o-pNNDeW-pQ8hLQ-pPqRez-p9pCjj-q6Ms72-pPn9nT-pPnqS6-pPshx1-q6CeTD-pPncG8-pNRydQ-pPngwn-pPqt5e-pa3TYa-q4GfsJ-p9pzbq-q6BA6V-pNLQur-p9po3J-pa47Ja-q4GE6A-q6MyAK-p9p2n5-p9ZWWS-p9ppr5-pPsm2W-pNL1mx-pPqHAt-q62iBk-pPnB2z-pa45U8-q6VsQY-pPmYie-q4GDwQ 1]<br />
<br />
[https://www.flickr.com/photos/128689506@N04/15625764908/in/photolist-pNRydQ-pPngwn-pPqt5e-pa3TYa-q4GfsJ-p9pzbq-q6BA6V-pNLQur-p9po3J-pa47Ja-q4GE6A-q6MyAK-p9p2n5-p9ZWWS-p9ppr5-pPsm2W-pNL1mx-pPqHAt-q62iBk-pPnB2z-pa45U8-q6VsQY-pPmYie-q4GDwQ-pPqA6D-p9ZN4m-q5nFZC-q6MFQe-paHNH2-p9ZNEb-q5nHgL-pNNhDs-pQ5AAS-q7hWbX-pQ6EdZ-q4GoWs-paF4HQ-q7i8og-q6MDHi-pPq8en-q6c4PK-pQ3oj2-q6Mbhr-q7sF1R-q7hZf2-pPs3k3-q6VrYs-pPqgTB-q62fNK-pNN8vN 2]<br />
<br />
[https://www.flickr.com/photos/128689506@N04/15626442060/in/photolist-pNRANQ-pa3JUD-pPmUhi-pNNKkU-pNRBW1-pQ3gy8-pa492k-q6VDn9-q5nCXW-q6MooR-pPp2zj-pPsinN-q4Gi6u-pPmWaX-pa134f-pPrTHy-pNQ21i-q6BJJB-pPsqUG-pPsa3m-pPnnXD-q4Gy21-q6Cazi-q6BAYM-pPqTWP-q6VGWd-q6jTFE-q4GwGs-pPpcsL-q46FXw-pPp5oA-q6MMVF-q5nrjq-pPqxkZ-pPpdT1-q4GBCQ-pa1qwS-q46xRw-pPse7y-pNRwi7-pPnaRp-pPrZUm-q6MDb6-p9ZQv5-pa3BjP-pa1ddo-pa4bcT-p9ZV4o-pNNDeW-pQ8hLQ 3].<br />
<br />
<br />
:Uploaded: [[:File:Ehsan_Sehgal.jpg]], [[:File:Ehsan_Sehgal_2.jpg]], and [[:File:Ehsan_Sehgal_3.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 11:41, 19 January 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
:: Thank you very much, [[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]]. [[User:JusticeOfJustice|JusticeOfJustice]] ([[User talk:JusticeOfJustice|talk]]) 12:27, 19 January 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
:::DavidB4, did you see JDano's pending requests just above? --[[User:1990&#39;sguy|1990&#39;sguy]] ([[User talk:1990&#39;sguy|talk]]) 16:45, 19 January 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
== Update math image ==<br />
<br />
Please update one image from: http://thermo4thermo.org/math_images/ . Specifically: http://thermo4thermo.org/math_images/Log_fix.png . Please use it to update http://www.conservapedia.com/File:Log.png , which has an error in the legend.--[[User:Amorrow|Amorrow]] ([[User talk:Amorrow|talk]]) 19:55, 27 January 2017 (EST)<br />
:I'd be happy to if I could, but the page is protected. A full admin will need to unlock it. Perhaps ask Andy directly? --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 00:49, 28 January 2017 (EST)<br />
==Oval Office==<br />
Please: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:White_House_West_Wing_-_1st_Floor_with_the_Oval_Office_highlighted.png<br />
<br />
Please: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AshLawnHighlandrear.jpg [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 05:58, 1 February 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
:Uploaded as [[:File:White House West Wing - 1st Floor with the Oval Office highlighted.png]] and [[:File:Ash Lawn Highland rear.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 11:30, 1 February 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
Please: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Liz_Cheney_official_portrait.jpg [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 12:46, 1 February 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
:Uploaded as [[:File:Liz Cheney official portrait.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup><small>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</small></sup> 18:12, 1 February 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
Please: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Guy_Verhofstadt_EP_press_conference_3.jpg [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 05:04, 7 February 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
:Uploaded as [[:File:Guy Verhofstadt EP press conference 3.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 11:18, 7 February 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
== European Politicians ==<br />
<br />
Its's better in the article.<br />
<br />
So please this for the follow articles:<br />
<br />
:[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Orbán#/media/File:Viktor_Orbán_2016-02-17.jpg]<br />
:[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Zhirinovsky#/media/File:LDPR_Vladimir_Zhirinovsky_MoscowTass_08-2016.jpg]<br />
:[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silvio_Berlusconi#/media/File:Silvio_Berlusconi_(2010)_cropped.jpg] <br />
:[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geert_Wilders#/media/File:GW-Rotterdam-DSC_0218.jpg]<br />
:[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan#/media/File:Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan_June_2015.jpg]<br />
<br />
Regards, [[User:YortKeldher|YortKeldher]] ([[User talk:YortKeldher|talk]]) 15:19, 7 February 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
::Uploaded:<br />
::[[:File:Viktor Orbán 2016-02-17.jpg]]<br />
::[[:File:LDPR Vladimir Zhirinovsky MoscowTass 08-2016.jpg]]<br />
::[[:File:Silvio Berlusconi (2010) cropped.jpg]]<br />
::[[:File:Rotterdam-DSC.jpg]]<br />
::[[:File:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan June 2015.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 23:53, 8 February 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
Please: http://www.warren.senate.gov/files/images/Official%20Portrait.jpg not copyrighted government work. [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 13:25, 8 February 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
:Uploaded as: [[:File:Elizabeth Warren Official Portrait.jpg]]<br />
<br />
Please: http://www.markey.senate.gov/imo/media/image/Markey_Ed-092013-18046-0006-rh.jpg not copyrighted government work. [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 13:28, 8 February 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
:Uploaded [[:File:Markey Ed-092013-18046-0006.jpg]]<br />
<br />
Please:https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Neil_Gorsuch_10th_Circuit.jpg not copyrighted governmentwork. [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 23:35, 8 February 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
:Uploaded [[:File:Neil Gorsuch 10th Circuit.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 23:53, 8 February 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
== European cities==<br />
So please,<br />
<br />
* [https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milan#/media/File:Facade_-_Duomo_-_Milan_2014_%289%29.JPG This one]<br />
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milan#/media/File:Wide_angle_Milan_skyline_from_Duomo_roof.jpg Milan wide]<br />
<br />
Regards, [[User:YortKeldher|YortKeldher]] ([[User talk:YortKeldher|talk]]) 08:22, 12 February 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
Please: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wyspy_Normandzkie.png [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 23:43, 12 February 2017 (EST)<br />
:YortKeldher, I've uploaded those two as:<br />
:*[[:File:Facade - Duomo - Milan 2014 (9).JPG]]<br />
:*[[:File:Milan skyline wide from Duomo roof.jpg]]<br />
<br />
:JDano, that one is uploaded as [[:File:Wyspy Normandzkie.png]]<br />
:Cheers! --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 00:14, 13 February 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
Please: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lucy_Burns_1913.jpg So old it is public domain [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 06:22, 13 February 2017 (EST)<br />
:Uploaded as [[:File:Lucy Burns 1913.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 13:12, 13 February 2017 (EST) <br />
<br />
Please: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Crispr.png attribution required. Thanks, [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 18:05, 14 February 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
:Uploaded as [[:File:Crispr.png]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 20:12, 14 February 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
Additional: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Petersburg#/media/File:SBP_Montage_2016.png this one] please. [[User:YortKeldher|YortKeldher]] ([[User talk:YortKeldher|talk]]) 11:05, 4 March 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
==One new request==<br />
<br />
:[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B61_nuclear_bomb#/media/File:B-61_bomb_(DOE).jpg This one] please, [[User:YortKeldher|YortKeldher]] ([[User talk:YortKeldher|talk]]) 03:11, 15 February 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
::Uploaded as [[:File:B-61 bomb.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 11:11, 15 February 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
Please: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Disputed_Toledo_Strip.png attribute to user Drdpw. [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 01:33, 16 February 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
:[[:File:Disputed Toledo Strip.png]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 02:12, 16 February 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
Please: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:U.S._vs._Julius_%26_Ethel_Rosenberg_and_Martin_Sobell,_Government_Exhibit_5,_photograph_of_Harry_Gold_-_NARA_-_278750.jpg [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 22:36, 16 February 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
Please: https://www.hassan.senate.gov/sites/default/files/Maggie-Hassan-Official-Port.jpg [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 21:52, 17 February 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
Please: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fluss-lv-D%C3%BCna.png [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 09:12, 20 February 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
:Uploaded:<br />
*[[:File:U.S. vs. Julius & Ethel Rosenberg and Martin Sobell, Government Exhibit 5, photograph of Harry Gold - NARA - 278750.jpg]]<br />
*[[:File:Maggie-Hassan-Official-Port.jpg]]<br />
*[[:File:Fluss-lv-Düna.png]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 15:00, 20 February 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
== LedgerLite Screenshot ==<br />
<br />
Please: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:LedgerLite_Screenshot.jpg [[User:Matthew Jenkinson|Matthew Jenkinson]] ([[User talk:Matthew Jenkinson|talk]]) 22:26, 19 February 2017 (EST)<br />
:I'm somewhat concerned about the notability of the article [[LedgerLite]], and thus hesitant to upload this. This does not seem like something as well suited for an encyclopedia as for a software retailer's directory. It also reads more like an advertisement that an encyclopedia article. We do have pages on some paid software, but only when it is very well know and recognized. Millions of people have Microsoft Excel, for example, but what about this? --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 15:05, 20 February 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
==Need to "Sex Up" page to do with the Tunisian Campaign==<br />
<br />
Tried to upload following photo for [[Tunisian Campaign]] but failed [url=http://postimg.org/image/o27gi2ob7/][img]http://s21.postimg.org/o27gi2ob7/363_001.jpg[/img][/url] I would also like to add photos to do with the British, American and German forces.--[[User:Raymondo|Raymondo]] ([[User talk:Raymondo|talk]]) 20:42, 20 February 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
:Well, you came to the right place! Upload rights are restricted on CP, and given out as a privilege to some users. Just post requests here, and someone with upload rights will try to assist you. Regarding this image, it looks like it must be out of copyright, but do you know for sure if this is the case? It is always best when license info is provided with the photo, like Flickr and WikiMedia do, but we can work with it as long as we are sure we're not breaking copyright. --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 22:57, 20 February 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
Please: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Carte_Skagerrak-Kattegat2.png attribution required. [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 20:31, 21 February 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
:[[:File:Carte Skagerrak-Kattegat2.png]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 00:01, 22 February 2017 (EST)<br />
Please: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Thomas_Perez,_Assistant_Attorney_General_for_Civil_Rights,_official_portrait.jpg [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 00:38, 27 February 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
:[[:File:Thomas Perez, Assistant Attorney General for Civil Rights, official portrait.jpg]] Done --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 12:16, 27 February 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
== Royalties ==<br />
<br />
Please these:<br />
<br />
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles,_Prince_of_Wales#/media/File:Charles,_Prince_of_Wales_at_COP21.jpg]<br />
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Bernhard_of_Lippe-Biesterfeld#/media/File:Prince_Bernhard_1942.jpg]<br />
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beatrix_of_the_Netherlands#/media/File:Prinses-beatrix-okt-15-s.jpg]<br />
<br />
Regards, [[User:YortKeldher|YortKeldher]] ([[User talk:YortKeldher|talk]]) 08:31, 27 February 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
:Uploaded as [[:File:Charles, Prince of Wales at COP21.jpg]], [[:File:Prince Bernhard 1942.jpg]], and [[:File:Prinses-beatrix-okt-15-s.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 12:30, 27 February 2017 (EST)<br />
==JFK==<br />
Please: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Airports_New_York_City_Map_Julius_Schorzman.png [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 07:34, 3 March 2017 (EST)<br />
:[[:File:Airports New York City Map.png]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 11:27, 3 March 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
== Aviation ==<br />
<br />
Hi, I've been starting a couple aviation articles here, but quality images of certain aircraft types and logos are lacking. Could you please upload:<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Skyteam_Logo_Alliance.png<br />
<br />
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:American_Airlines_logo_2013.svg<br />
<br />
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Star_Alliance_Logo.svg/1280px-Star_Alliance_Logo.svg.png<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Oneworld_logo.svg<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Southwest_737-700_N785SW.jpg<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:EM_N736SA_(2766338093).jpg<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Southwest_737-700_N913WN.jpg<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Southwest_Airlines_logo_2014.svg<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:JetBlue_Airways_Logo.svg<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:JetBlue_Airways,_N935JB,_Airbus_A321-231_(19994390048).jpg<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:JetBlue_Airways,_N566JB,_Airbus_A320-232_(19993334538).jpg<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:JetBlue_Airways,_N355JB_(20186999471).jpg<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Emirates_logo.svg ''(Controversial flag-carrier airline)''<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Emirates_Airbus_A380_(A6-EDS)_departs_London_Heathrow_11April2015.jpg ''(Largest A380 operator)''<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Boeing_777-31H-ER,_Emirates_AN1630451.jpg ''(Other plane in Emirates fleet, Largest 777 operator)''<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Singapore_Airlines_Airbus_A380-841;_9V-SKJ@ZRH;16.04.2011_595cc_(5629408416).jpg ''(A380 launch customer)''<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A380_26.jpg ''(A380 in Airbus livery)''<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:F-GUGK@LHR_16AUG12_(8416701090).jpg ''(Largest A318 operator)''<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:EM_FRONTIER_A318_(2529447611).jpg ''(A318 Launch customer)''<br />
<br />
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EasyJet#/media/File:EasyJet_logo.svg<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:G-EZBW_Airbus_A319-111_A319_EZY_(neue_Bemalung)_(16000999414).jpg ''(Largest A319 operator)''<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:HB-IPU_1_A319-112_Swissair_ZRH_20MAR99_(5805828730).jpg ''(A319 Launch customer)''<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:IndiGo_Airbus_A320neo_F-WWDG_(to_VT-ITI)_(28915135713).jpg ''(Largest A320neo operator)''<br />
<br />
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbus_A320neo_family#/media/File:Lufthansa_Airbus_A320_neo_D-AINA,_The_world%27s_first_A320_neo_(24705951566).jpg ''(A320neo launch customer)''<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Airbus_Industrie_A321neo_D-AVXA_(29428329122).jpg ''(A321neo prototype)''<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:9M-AQG_(30856774155).jpg ''(Largest A320 operator)''<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:F-WWAI_A320-131_Airbus_Industrie(prototype)_FAB_SEP88_(13753510323).jpg ''(A320 prototype)''<br />
<br />
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BWI_Logo.svg<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:BWI_airport_terminal.jpg<br />
<br />
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BWI.pdf<br />
<br />
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nashville_International_Airport_Logo.svg<br />
<br />
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Boston_Logan_International_Airport_Logo.jpg<br />
<br />
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Diagram_BOS_Airport.pdf<br />
<br />
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ronald_Reagan_Washington_National_Airport_Logo.png<br />
<br />
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:DCA_Airport_diagram.pdf<br />
<br />
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Delta_logo.svg/1280px-Delta_logo.svg.png<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:N954AT_(15246599649).jpg (Largest Boeing 717 operator)<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:N954AT_Boeing_B.717_Air_Tran_(9193031855).jpg ''(Boeing 717 Launch customer)''<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Boeing_707-321B(Adv),_Pan_Am_JP6997462.jpg ''(Boeing 707 Launch Customer)''<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Boeing_707-131B,_Trans_World_Airlines_(TWA)_JP5932479.jpg ''(Boeing 707 largest operator)''<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Boeing_727-22C,_United_Airlines_AN0998024.jpg ''(One of the two Boeing 727 launch customers)''<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Boeing_727-254,_Eastern_Air_Lines_JP5964327.jpg (One of the two Boeing 727 launch customers)<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lufthansa_Boeing_737-100_in_Zurich_1981.jpg (Launch customer of the Boeing 737)<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ba_b747-400_g-bnle_arp.jpg (Largest operator of the Boeing 747 at the moment)<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pan_Am_Boeing_747_at_Zurich_Airport_in_May_1985.jpg (Boeing 747 Launch customer)<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:KLM_747_(7491686916).jpg (The KLM 747 involved the the Tenerife accident)<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Boeing_757-225,_Eastern_Air_Lines_AN0079357.jpg (Boeing 757 Launch customer)<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Delta_Air_Lines_B757-351_N586NW_LAX.jpg (Largest Boeing 757 operator)<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Boeing_767-332ER(w)_%27N1610D%27_Delta_(14145000498).jpg (Largest Boeing 767 operator)<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:N647UA_Boeing_B.763_UNITED_(13895459883).jpg (Boeing 767 Launch customer)<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Boeing_767-400ER_Rollout_Proctor.jpg (Boeing 767 at Everett factory)<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:United_Airlines_-_N222UA_(6907351041).jpg (Boeing 777 Launch customer)<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:All_Nippon_Airways_Boeing_787-9_(JA884A)_at_Tokyo_Haneda_Airport.jpg (Boeing 787 largest and launch customer)<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:RA-89005_Sukhoi_SSJ.100-95B_Aeroflot_in_Skyteam_C-s_(7971252854).jpg (Sukhoi Superjet)<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Aerom%C3%A9xico_Boeing_767-200ER_XA-JBC_CDG_2010-4-5.png (Aeromexico in SkyTeam livery)<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Boeing_777-300ER_Air_France_(AFR)_%22Skyteam_livery%22_F-GZNE_-_MSN_37432_790_(5096229884).jpg (Air France in SkyTeam livery)<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:N844MH_(6942190917).jpg (Delta in SkyTeam livery)<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Korean_Air_Boeing_777-200ER_HL7733_AMS_2011-10-15.png (Korean Air in SkyTeam livery)<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:N343AN_(15390956166).jpg (American Airlines in Oneworld livery)<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Boeing_777-367(ER)_Cathay_Pacific_Airways_BKPL,_HKG_Hong_Kong_(Chek_Lap_Kok_International_Airport),_Hong_Kong_PP1281783332.jpg (Cathay Pacific in Oneworld)<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Boeing_747-400_British_AW_(BAW)_%22One_World_livery%22_G-CIVK_-_MSN_25818_1104_(5455648928).jpg (British Airways in Oneworld)<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:VH-OJU_%27Lord_Howe_Island%27_OneWorld_Logo-jet_Boeing_747-438_Qantas_(6600558667).jpg (Qantas in Oneworld)<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:A7-ALA_(19397355348).jpg (Airbus A350 largest and launch customer)<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Thai_Airways_International_Airbus_A330-300;_HS-TEL@BKK;30.07.2011_613ez_(6042416350).jpg (Thai in Star Alliance livery)<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SAS_B737_(5820738887).jpg (SAS in Star Alliance livery)<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:D-AILF_Airbus_A.319_Lufthansa_in_Star_Alliance_Colours_(8633498953).jpg (Lufthansa in Star Alliance)<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:N14120_(26038860503).jpg (United in Star Alliance Livery)<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Boeing_767-333ER_%27C-FMWY%27_Air_Canada_(14247086054).jpg (Air Canada in Star Alliance)<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:McDonnell_Douglas_DC-10-10,_American_Airlines_JP5931060.jpg (American Airlines flight 191 plane)<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:McDonnell_Douglas_DC-10-10,_American_Airlines_AN0217682.jpg (American DC-10, launch customer)<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:McDonnell_Douglas_DC-10_(FedEx_Express)_(4269676839).jpg (Fedex DC-10, largest user)<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:McDonnell_Douglas_DC-10-10,_Turkish_Airlines_AN1815013.jpg (Turkish Airlines 981 plane)<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:McDonnell_Douglas_MD-11,_Finnair_JP5879069.jpg (MD-11 launch customer)<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:FedEx_MD-11F(N526FE)_(3382499520).jpg (largest MD-11 user, Fedex flight 80 plane)<br />
<br />
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swissair_Flight_111#/media/File:28as_-_Swissair_MD-11;_HB-IWF@ZRH;14.07.1998_(4713082874).jpg (SwissAir 111 plane)<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:N334AA_B767-223ER_American_MAN_08APR01_(6839074488).jpg (American Airlines 11 plane)<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Boeing_767-222,_United_Airlines_AN0188143.jpg (United 175 plane)<br />
<br />
http://www.airport-data.com/aircraft/photo/000205906.html (American 77 plane)<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:N591UA.jpg (United flight 93 plane)<br />
Sorry to ask so much, no rush.--[[User:IluvAviation|IluvAviation]] ([[User talk:IluvAviation|talk]]) 17:00, 4 March 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
:'''SysOp Note: User [[User:IluvAviation|IluvAviation]] now has upload rights, so she can now upload these herself.''' --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 14:35, 11 March 2017 (EST)<br />
<br />
== Exodus image == <br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Exodus2837863742689301982376.jpg<br />
:While we'd be happy to help, we are going to need license information for this poster. If it's copyrighted, could you request permission from the owner(s) for us to use it? We shouldn't use images without usage rights or permission. Thanks! --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 22:14, 13 March 2017 (EDT)<br />
:: I happened to come across your discussion on Aschlafly's talk page. Because it would be too much trouble for me to go around and send for permission and all that, I found a simpler image to request: http://juniaproject.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Exodus-Book-istock.jpg -- I hope this one works, it seems common enough and I've been able to use it on a blog or one very similar to it.<br />
<br />
:::I'm afraid I can't find license info on this image, either. However, places like [http://depositphotos.com/31948533/stock-photo-book-of-exodus-from-the.html DepositPhotos], [http://www.mediabakery.com/DSP0076851-The-Book-Of-Exodus-From-The-New-American-Standard.html MediaBakery, and [https://lori.ru/16711282 (whatever this site is called)] are trying to sell this image. I don't think it's a good idea to upload it, unless we can find license info.<br />
:::Here are some good places to find images with there license info. You might want to just look at these, to find something good.<br />
:::*[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page WikiMedia Commons]<br />
:::*[https://pixabay.com PixaBay]<br />
:::*[https://morguefile.com Morguefile.com]<br />
:::*[https://www.flickr.com/search/?license=2%2C3%2C4%2C5%2C6%2C9 Flickr.com]<br />
:::*[http://www.publicdomainpictures.net PublicDomainPictures.net]<br />
:::I hope this helps! --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 15:38, 17 March 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Pim Fortuyn ==<br />
<br />
<br />
This [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pim_Fortuyn#/media/File:Pim_Fortuyn_-_May_4.jpg] one please.<br />
<br />
Regards, [[User:YortKeldher|YortKeldher]] ([[User talk:YortKeldher|talk]]) 10:38, 17 March 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
:Uploaded as [[:File:Pim Fortuyn - May 4 2002.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 15:48, 17 March 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== James Comey ==<br />
<br />
Maybe expanded soon, first an image : [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Comey#/media/File:Comey-FBI-Portrait.jpg this one] Please. [[User:YortKeldher|YortKeldher]] ([[User talk:YortKeldher|talk]]) 08:09, 25 March 2017 (EDT)<br />
:Uploaded as [[:File:Comey-FBI-Portrait.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 15:56, 25 March 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Business people ==<br />
<br />
Follow images please,<br />
<br />
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Rockefeller#/media/File:David_Rockefeller_-_NARA_-_195929_%28cropped%29.jpg]<br />
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayer_Amschel_Rothschild#/media/File:Mayer_Amschel_Rothschild.jpg]<br />
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amschel_Mayer_Rothschild#/media/File:Amschel_Mayer_Rothschild.jpg]<br />
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guy_de_Rothschild#/media/File:Guy_de_Rothschild_1964.jpg]<br />
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Rothschild,_3rd_Baron_Rothschild#/media/File:The_Lord_Rothschild_in_1965.jpg]<br />
<br />
[[User:YortKeldher|YortKeldher]] ([[User talk:YortKeldher|talk]]) 07:42, 26 March 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
:Uploaded:<br />
:*[[:File:David Rockefeller - NARA - 1953.jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:Mayer Amschel Rothschild.jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:Amschel Mayer Rothschild.jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:Guy de Rothschild 1964.jpg]]<br />
:However, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Rothschild,_3rd_Baron_Rothschild#/media/File:The_Lord_Rothschild_in_1965.jpg the last one] is still under copyright. I know WP claimed Fair Use, but I find that claim slightly questionable. If Mr. Schlafly or another admin gives the okay, that's fine, though. --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 01:12, 27 March 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Evelyn de Rothschild photo ==<br />
<br />
Here: http://vz.cnwimg.com/thumbc-300x300/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/evelyn-rothschild_2438915b.jpg [[User:Korvex|Korvex]] ([[User talk:Korvex|talk]]) 15:06, 30 March 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
:Hi, I would be happy to help you, but I need license information before I can upload this. Can you provide it? Thanks! --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 23:54, 29 March 2017 (EDT)<br />
:: All I know is that it came from celebritynetworth.com --> http://www.celebritynetworth.com/richest-businessmen/richest-billionaires/sir-evelyn-de-rothschild-net-worth/ --- Is this problematic? [[User:Korvex|Korvex]] ([[User talk:Korvex|talk]]) 15:06, 30 March 2017 (EDT)<br />
:::Yes, I think it is. Their [http://www.celebritynetworth.com/terms terms of use] claim all usage rights, it seems, so we cannot use this without permission. You can ask them directly for permission, or you can try looking other places for a suitable replacement. Some good places to look are:<br /><br />
:::*[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page '''WikiMedia Commons''']<br />
:::*[https://www.flickr.com/search/?license=2%2C3%2C4%2C5%2C6%2C9 '''Flickr''']<br />
:::*[https://pixabay.com PixaBay]<br />
:::*[https://morguefile.com Morguefile]<br />
:::*[http://www.publicdomainpictures.net PublicDomainPictures]<br />
:::I hope this helps! [[Public Domain]] images are best, but anything under a [[Creative Commons]] license is usually fine as well. --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 16:02, 30 March 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Johan Cruyff ==<br />
<br />
This [https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan_Cruijff#/media/File:Johan_Cruijff_cropped.jpg one] please. [[User:YortKeldher|YortKeldher]] ([[User talk:YortKeldher|talk]]) 11:07, 1 April 2017 (EDT)<br />
:Uploaded as [[:File:Johan Cruijff.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 16:52, 1 April 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Cold War era ==<br />
<br />
Follow images, please (if they were authorized, let me know no problem):<br />
<br />
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_War#/media/File:Berlin_Wall_1979_02.jpg]<br />
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_War#/media/File:Cold_war_europe_military_alliances_map_en.png]<br />
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_War#/media/File:Redwing_Dakota.jpg]<br />
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_War#/media/File:John_F._Kennedy,_Nikita_Khruchchev_1961.jpg]<br />
<br />
-- [[User:YortKeldher|YortKeldher]] ([[User talk:YortKeldher|talk]]) 08:34, 6 April 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
:I've only had time for one upload so far, I will get to the others when possible.<br />
:*[[:File:Berlin Wall 1979 02.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 17:23, 6 April 2017 (EDT)<br />
:Sorry for the extended wait!<br />
:*[[:File:Cold war europe military alliances map.png]]<br />
:*[[:File:Redwing Dakota.jpg]]<br />
:*[[:File:John F. Kennedy, Nikita Khruchchev 1961.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 11:34, 10 April 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== this one == <br />
<br />
This is definitely not copyrighted, unlike my previous requests. http://www.golisbon.com/images/jeronimos-monastery2.jpg<br />
<br />
:I'm really not trying to be annoying here, but the only license info on this is stated on http://www.golisbon.com/photo-gallery/monuments.html. It says "All photos by Mario Rui Fernandes -- (c) Copyright GoLisbon.com". Did you find something which said other wise? It is possible that this one photo is excluded since I don't actually see it on the main list, but I'd like to see something in writing before I use it as Public Domain. Thanks! --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 22:24, 24 April 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
::Would one of [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Mosteiro_dos_Jerónimos these photos] work? --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 16:44, 29 April 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Emmanuel Macron ==<br />
<br />
This one , [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron#/media/File:Emmanuel_Macron_crop.jpg] please.<br />
[[User:YortKeldher|YortKeldher]] ([[User talk:YortKeldher|talk]]) 15:13, 29 April 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
:Uploading now ....--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] ([[User talk:Aschlafly|talk]]) 15:20, 29 April 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
::Uploading is complete: [[:File:Emmanuel Macron.jpg]].--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] ([[User talk:Aschlafly|talk]]) 15:23, 29 April 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Aleksandr Dugin ==<br />
<br />
[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Dugin#/media/File:%D0%94%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%90._%D0%93.jpg this one] please,<br />
<br />
[[User:YortKeldher|YortKeldher]] ([[User talk:YortKeldher|talk]]) 11:04, 2 May 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
:Uploaded as requested here: [[:File:Aleksandr Dugin.jpg]]. Thanks for suggesting it.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] ([[User talk:Aschlafly|talk]]) 11:34, 2 May 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Request for files ==<br />
<br />
Can someone upload these for me? I need them for the page [[Hamilton (musical)]]. I'll provide the URLs and proper citations below.<br />
<br />
http://www.hamiltonbroadway.com/_img/ham-FB.jpg<br />
:''Hamilton Logo.'' Digital image. ''Hamiltonbroadway.com''. N.p., n.d. Web. [Day uploaded will go here].<br />
<br />
http://cdn.playbuzz.com/cdn/6586a81d-1226-4a9d-83e4-80ed1296cb53/ab324d7e-216c-4c27-b2dc-9aecb5aec6f3.jpg<br />
:''Hamilton Cast''. Digital image. ''Playbuzz.com''. N.p., n.d. Web. [Day uploaded here].<br />
<br />
Thanks! [[User:Koidevelopment|Parrrley]] 20:44, 4 May 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
:I would be happy to help, but for the most part, we do not use images which are copyrighted. I can't determine the licensing on these for certain, but I suspect they are not in the public domain. Can you by any chance find license info on them? If not, perhaps you can find a suitable substitute which is either in the [[Public Domain]] or under a [[Creative Commons]] license. Some good places to look for these include:<br />
:*[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page '''WikiMedia Commons''']<br />
:*[https://www.flickr.com/search/?license=2%2C3%2C4%2C5%2C6%2C9 '''Flickr''']<br />
:*[https://pixabay.com PixaBay]<br />
:*[https://morguefile.com Morguefile]<br />
:*[http://www.publicdomainpictures.net PublicDomainPictures]<br />
:I hope this helps! The method you were thinking of--adding citations--is acceptable in some publications, but in this case we should be more careful. Thanks! --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 22:07, 4 May 2017 (EDT)<br />
::I'll have to look around for licensing tomorrow. I'll find the relevant links. Thanks! [[User:Koidevelopment|Parrrley]] 22:20, 4 May 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Fork template ==<br />
<br />
Could someone get [http://rationalwiki.org/wiki/File:ForkInRoad.svg this] image for me? I need it for the fork template. It's under a CC license for anyone to use. [[User:Koidevelopment|Parrrley]] 13:36, 7 May 2017 (EDT)<br />
:Do you still want your request fulfilled, considering that we have [[:Category:Disambiguation Pages]], which serves the same purpose? --[[User:1990&#39;sguy|1990&#39;sguy]] ([[User talk:1990&#39;sguy|talk]]) 16:41, 7 May 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Some images ==<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Khirbet_Qeiyafa#/media/File:QEIYAFA_C.JPG<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:William_Albright_1957.jpg<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hyksos#/media/File:Hyksos.jpg<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Giv%27at_Ram_Campus_of_the_Hebrew_University#/media/File:Sherman_Bldg.jpg<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Magdala,_Israel#/media/File:MAGDALA_AERIAL.JPG<br />
<br />
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/The-Ten-Commandments-1956-Paramount.jpg<br />
<br />
Thanks.[[User:Korvex|Korvex]] ([[User talk:Korvex|talk]]) 16:59, 9 May 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
:Done. Thanks for picking these out.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] ([[User talk:Aschlafly|talk]]) 17:40, 9 May 2017 (EDT)<br />
::Here are the CP links to them: [[:File:William Albright 1957.jpg]], [[:File:QEIYAFA C.JPG]], [[:File:Hyksos.jpg]], [[:File:Sherman Bldg.jpg]], [[:File:MAGDALA AERIAL.JPG]], [[:File:The-Ten-Commandments-1956-Paramount.jpg]]. --[[User:1990&#39;sguy|1990&#39;sguy]] ([[User talk:1990&#39;sguy|talk]]) 18:27, 9 May 2017 (EDT)<br />
Thanks! Another one:<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Sodom_and_Gomorrah#/media/File:Pieter_Schoubroeck_-_De_verwoesting_van_Sodom_en_Gomorra.jpg<br />
:Uploaded as [[:File:Pieter Schoubroeck - De verwoesting van Sodom en Gomorra.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 16:09, 10 May 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
Thanks! These as well:<br />
<br />
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/12/Tall_el-Hammam_Excavation-Jordan_Valley.jpg<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Book_of_Amos#/media/File:Modern_Mosaic_Jerusalem-2_(3211896777).jpg<br />
<br />
:Uploaded as [[:File:Tall el-Hammam Excavation-Jordan Valley.jpg]] and [[:File:Jerusalem Modern Mosaic.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 11:50, 11 May 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
Thanks! Some more:<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Amphipolis#/media/File:Amphipolis_fortifications.jpg<br />
:Uploaded as [[:File:Amphipolis fortifications.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 23:53, 11 May 2017 (EDT)<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Maps_of_Amphipolis#/media/File:Amphipolis_location-es.jpg<br />
<br />
:Uploaded as [[:File:Amphipolis location-es.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 00:45, 12 May 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Coins_of_Amphipolis#/media/File:Distat%C3%A8re_d%27or_repr%C3%A9sentant_%C3%A0_droite_Nik%C3%A9.jpg<br />
:Almost missed this one--uploaded as [[:File:Distatère d'or représentant à droite Niké.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 15:35, 13 May 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lion_of_Amphipolis#/media/File:Anfipoli2.jpg<br />
:Uploaded as [[:File:Anfipoli2.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 00:45, 12 May 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tekoa#/media/File:After_the_rain_(11257895063).jpg<br />
:Uploaded as [[:File:After the rain.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 00:45, 12 May 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/Beer_Sheba_%2831209896376%29.jpg<br />
:Uploaded as [[:File:Beer Sheba.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 17:16, 12 May 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Arnon_river_map.png<br />
:Uploaded as [[:File:Arnon river map.png]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 17:16, 12 May 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Anglican's image ==<br />
<br />
http://www.organsociety.org/database/photos/KY/Lexington.ChristChCath.1949Holtkamp.Scofield03.jpg<br />
:Not yet uploaded--Can you find license info for this image? We need to include that info with the photo upload, and more importantly, need to know if we even have the right to use it. Thanks! --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 17:16, 12 May 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
:: I did not request this picture, [[User:Anglican|Anglican]] did. He seemed to have forgotten to add a new section to this image uploading page, so I just did that right now. Regards, [[User:Korvex|Korvex]] ([[User talk:Korvex|talk]]) 14:28, 13 May 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
::Although I will request this picture:<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Via_Appia#/media/File:Via_Appia.jpg<br />
<br />
:Done. Thanks for suggesting it.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] ([[User talk:Aschlafly|talk]]) 17:45, 14 May 2017 (EDT)<br />
:Here is the link: [[:File:Via Appia.jpg]]. --[[User:1990&#39;sguy|1990&#39;sguy]] ([[User talk:1990&#39;sguy|talk]]) 20:10, 14 May 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
Thanks a bunch! Can these three one also be uploaded?<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Yosef_Garfinkel#/media/File:Yosef_Garfinkel_in_Khirbet_Qeiyafa.jpg<br />
:Uploaded as [[:File:Yosef Garfinkel in Khirbet Qeiyafa.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 23:11, 14 May 2017 (EDT)<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%CE%98%CE%B5%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%BA%CE%B7#/media/File:THAM-Amazonomachy_sarcophagus_4.jpg<br />
:Uploaded as [[:File:THAM-Amazonomachy sarcophagus 4.jpg]]<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%CE%98%CE%B5%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%BA%CE%B7#/media/File:Thessaloniki-Arch_of_Galerius_(eastern_face).jpg<br />
:Uploaded as [[:File:Thessaloniki-Arch of Galerius (eastern face).jpg]]<br />
:Great choices! Also, thank you Andy and 1990'sguy for your assistance! --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 23:11, 14 May 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
Thanks! Can this also be uploaded?<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Town_of_Mary_and_Her_Sister_Martha-Bethany.jpg<br />
:Uploaded as [[:File:The Town of Mary and Her Sister Martha-Bethany.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 23:02, 16 May 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Dutch Politicians ==<br />
<br />
This one please,<br />
<br />
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thierry_Baudet#/media/File:Thierry_Baudet_%282%29.JPG]<br />
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Rutte#/media/File:Mark_Rutte-6.jpg]<br />
<br />
Maybe more coming soon,<br />
<br />
[[User:YortKeldher|YortKeldher]] ([[User talk:YortKeldher|talk]]) 09:04, 19 May 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
<br />
:Uploaded as [[:File:Thierry Baudet.JPG]] and [[:File:Mark Rutte.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 10:32, 19 May 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== Nazi era ==<br />
<br />
I look up to clean up of some articles and add a picture if needed,<br />
<br />
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels#/media/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-17049,_Joseph_Goebbels_spricht.jpg]<br />
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann_G%C3%B6ring#/media/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-13805,_Hermann_G%C3%B6ring.jpg]<br />
<br />
Regards,<br />
<br />
[[User:YortKeldher|YortKeldher]] ([[User talk:YortKeldher|talk]]) 09:19, 19 May 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
:Uploaded as [[:File:Joseph Goebbels spricht Bundesarchiv Bild 102-17049.jpg]] and [[:File:Hermann Göring Bundesarchiv Bild 102-13805.jpg]] --[[User:DavidB4|<font color="ForestGreen">David B</font>]] <sup>([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]])</sup> 10:39, 19 May 2017 (EDT)<br />
<br />
== NT wright image ==<br />
<br />
Here:<br />
<br />
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:NTWright071220.jpg</div>
Korvex
https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Sodom&diff=1345693
Sodom
2017-05-22T15:13:40Z
<p>Korvex: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[Image:Martin destruction sodom640x422.jpg|thumb|400px|right|Destruction of Sodom by God]]<br />
<br />
'''Sodom''' was one of five ancient [[Canaanite]] (Gn. 10:19) "cities of the Plain", (Gn. 13:10), along with its sister city of iniquity, [[Gommorah]], and Admah, Zeboim and Lasha. The Bible records that Sodom and Gommorah were destroyed because, among other sins, they, "and the cities about them in like manner, [were] giving themselves over to fornication, and going after strange flesh", and thus "are set forth for an example, suffering the vengeance of eternal fire." (Jude 1:7 [[KJV]]) Biblical texts confirm that "the cities about them" would be or would include Admah, and Zeboim. (Dt. 29:23; Hos. 11:8) Their destruction was by means of brimstone (thought by some to be hot [[lava]]) and fire from heaven, but which was preceded by the confirmation of the wickedness of Sodom by angels of God (appearing as men), and deliverance of righteous Lot and those of his family who went with him. Lot's wife however, disobeyed the command of the angels not to look back, and was turned into a pillar of salt.<ref>Genesis 19:26</ref> This region later became part of the Holy Land of Israel. <br />
<br />
==Archaeology and Sodom==<br />
<br />
[[Image:sodom1.jpg|right|300px|thumb|Remains of the ancient city of Bab edh-Dhra, thought by some to be Sodom]]<br />
:''For more, see [[Steven Collins #Tall el-Hammam and the City of Sodom|Tall el-Hammam and the City of Sodom]]<br />
According to archaeologists, the city of Sodom has been plausibly identified with [[Tall el-Hammam]] by the archaeologist [[Steven Collins]],<ref>Collins, Steven, and Latayne C. Scott. Discovering the City of Sodom: The Fascinating, True Account of the Discovery of the Old Testament's Most Infamous City. Simon and Schuster, 2016.</ref> a site that sits north-east of the [[Dead Sea]] in the [[Jordan]]. Tall el-Hammam was destroyed by an airburst event during the Middle Bronze Age II, which, according to the great egyptologist [[Kenneth Kitchen]],<ref>Kitchen, Kenneth Anderson. On the reliability of the Old Testament. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 2003. 313-372.</ref> the time of the patriarchs took place and thus the time when Sodom should have been destroyed in the archaeological record.<br />
<br />
The main reasoning of Steven Collins regarding the identification of the city of Sodom is the text of Genesis 13:1-12, which describes [[Lot]]'s itinerary and travel to the city of Sodom before departing from [[Abraham]], and thus describes the exact geographical pathway one must take to get to Sodom, therefore giving a very detailed sequence of geographical features in order to identify the location of the city of Sodom.<br />
<br />
''Genesis 13:1-12: Then Abram went up from Egypt to the Negev—he, his wife, and all he had, and Lot with him... He went by stages from the Negev to Bethel, to the place between Bethel and Ai where his tent had formerly been, to the site where he had built the altar. And Abram called on the name of Yahweh there... At that time the Canaanites and the Perizzites were living in the land. Then Abram said to Lot, “Please, let’s not have quarreling between you and me, or between your herdsmen and my herdsmen, since we are relatives. Isn’t the whole land before you? Separate from me: if you go to the left, I will go to the right; if you go to the right, I will go to the left." Lot looked out and saw that the entire Jordan Valley as far as Zoar was well watered everywhere like the Lord’s garden and the land of Egypt. This was before the Lord destroyed Sodom and Gomorrah. So Lot chose the entire Jordan Valley for himself. Then Lot journeyed eastward, and they separated from each other. Abram lived in the land of Canaan, but Lot lived in the cities of the plain and set up his tent near Sodom.''<br />
<br />
Genesis 13:1-12 says that Lot went from Egypt to the Negev-he, and then went from there to a location situated between the two cities of [[Bethel]] and [[Ai]]. After this, Lot travels eastward from Bethel and Ai, eventually getting to Sodom. East of Bethel and Ai leads to the plain north of the Dead Sea in the Jordan, where [[Jericho]] is located on the left, and a cluster of other cities, including Tall el-Hammam, is located on the right. The Bible makes an evident distinction between Jericho and Sodom. Tall el-Hammam is the largest site in the entire plain (kikkar) of the Jordan, and because the Bible likely reveals Sodom to be the most considerable city of the entire plain of the Jordan,<ref>see reference 1, pg. 159</ref> Collins identifies Tall el-Hammam with Sodom. Tall el-Hammam underwent a destruction event from a fiery airburst even, plausibly confirming the destruction of Sodom as described in Genesis 19:24. If Tall el-Hammam is Sodom, then one of its sister-cities in the plain of the Jordan (probably [[Tall Kafrayn]]) would qualify as [[Gomorrah]].<br />
<br />
In contrast, archaeologist [[Bryant Wood]] takes the minority position that Tall el-Hammam is located at [[Bab edh-Dhra]], rather than Tall el-Hammam, and Numeira is Gomorrah. Although it was thought that these two cities were destroyed by fire at the same time, it is now known that Numeira was destroyed over 250 years before Bab edh-Dhra,<ref>see reference 1, pg. 152</ref> making it unlikely that these two cities could qualify as Sodom and Gomorrah. Bryant Wood has taken issue with Steven Collins' identification of Sodom with Tall el-Hammam and was the first scholar to provide a serious challenge to the work of Collins in 2007,<ref> B. G. Wood, “Locating Sodom: A Critique of the Northern Proposal,” Bible and Spade 23.3 (2007) 78-84.</ref> however since then Collins has provided a long and point-by-point rebuttal to the claims of Wood.<ref>Collins, Steven. A Response to Bryant G. Wood’s Critique<br />
of Collins’ Northern Sodom Theory. 2007.</ref><br />
<br />
==The story of Sodom==<br />
<br />
Sodom was on the Canaanite border (Genesis 10:19), and is recorded as being part of a fertile, prosperous region, (Genesis 13:10) which would be highly desirably in an agrarian based economy. However, the people of Sodom were "wicked and sinners" before God (Genesis 13:13). The King of Sodom was Bera (Genesis 14:2), and when Bera went to war with Chedorlaomer, Lot was captured. In response, [[Abraham]], then called Abram, using his own trained servants, rescued Lot as well as Bera and his men. This was the first recorded example of a [[just war]] in the Bible. However, Abraham would not accept any reward for this. (Genesis 14) <br />
<br />
Genesis chapters 18 and 19 contain the most detail about Sodom. At the beginning of Genesis 18, three men visit Abraham and Sarah, and Abraham bows before them, and hastens to treat them as honored guests, feeding under a tree and making them comfortable. They ask where Sarah is, and Abraham and Sarah are promised a child with the year. At this point it is revealed that one of the three men is the LORD, while later it is revealed that the other two men are angels. These two men then set their face toward Sodom, and as Abraham brings them on their way, the LORD reveals to him the purpose of their mission.<br />
<br />
:"And the LORD said, Because the cry of Sodom and Gomorrah is great, and because their sin is very grievous; I will go down now, and see whether they have done altogether according to the cry of it, which is come unto me; and if not, I will know." (Genesis 18: 19, 20)<br />
<br />
It is thus seen that the very grievous wickedness of Sodom was already well established, well before the angels had not yet set foot in the city, but which would be confirmed by their reaction to the angelic men. This method is seen as being part of the formal process of judgment by God, in which the reaction to messengers of God confirms their worthiness of wrath. (Mt. 11:20) A different reaction was manifested by the people of Nineveh to the preaching of [[Jonah (prophet)|Jonah]] the prophet of God. <br />
<br />
Abraham knows that his (decidedly weaker in faith) nephew Lot was in Sodom, and Abraham reverently inquires of God if he would spare the city if 50, then 45, then 30, then 20, or even 10 righteous people were found in it, with God affirming he would not destroy it after each request, for the sake of the righteous yet dwelling therein. The two angels of God proceed to Sodom and are met by Abraham's righteous nephew Lot, who constrains the angels to lodge with him, and they eat with his family. <br />
<br />
[[Image:A02j LotAndDaughters.jpg|thumbnail|left|150px|[[Lot]] and his daughters fleeing Sodom.]]<br />
<br />
However, similar to the parallel story in Judges 19, <br />
<br />
:"But before they lay down, the men of the city, even the men of Sodom, compassed the house round, both old and young, all the people from every quarter: And they called unto Lot, and said unto him, Where are the men which came in to thee this night? bring them out unto us, that we may know them. (Genesis 19:4, 5)<br />
<br />
In response, Lot pleads with his countrymen, <br />
<br />
:"I pray you, brethren, do not so wickedly. Behold now, I have two daughters which have not known man; let me, I pray you, bring them out unto you, and do ye to them as is good in your eyes: only unto these men do nothing; for therefore came they under the shadow of my roof. (Genesis 19:7,8) <br />
<br />
However, this offer is refused, and instead the crowd threatens to do worse to Lot then they would have done to his guests, and press sore upon him, almost breaking the door. In response, Lot's angelic guests pull him inside, shut the door, and strike the men with blindness, no doubt revealing to the Sodomites that Lot's guests were no ordinary men. Lot is then commanded by the angels to gather his family and leave, revealing that the Lord will destroy the region. However, Lot's sons in law do not believe him, and while Lot himself lingers, the angels take him and his wife and their two daughters by the hand, "the LORD being merciful unto him", and set them outside the city. The angels also command Lot and his family not to look back under any circumstances. However, as Sodom and Gomorrah were being destroyed by fire and brimstone from God, Lot's wife looks back at the city, and becomes a pillar of salt.<br />
<br />
===The example of Sodom===<br />
<br />
Sodom is often used in the Bible as an example of a people given to iniquity, and the climatic utter destruction of Sodom is invoked as an example of the wrath of God against ongoing impenitence and sin. However, it is also seen as a story of the salvation of God, by His deliverance of God-fearing Lot, while Jesus referred to Lot's wife in warning not to look back to that which God has called the redeemed to leave behind. (Lk. 17:31,32)<ref>Matthew Henry, Gen 19:26</ref> <br />
<br />
Genesis 19:24-25 records,<br />
<br />
:"...the LORD rained on Sodom and Gomorrah brimstone and fire from the LORD out of heaven, and He overthrew those cities, and all the valley, and all the inhabitants of the cities, and what grew on the ground." [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis%2019:24-25;&version=49; Genesis 19:24-25]<br />
<br />
2Peter 2:6-7 (KJV) also references both Sodom and Lot, <br />
<br />
:"And turning the cities of Sodom and Gomorrha into ashes condemned them with an overthrow, making them an ensample unto those that after should live ungodly; And delivered just Lot, vexed with the filthy conversation of the wicked".<br />
<br />
{{bibleverse||Jude|1:7|KJV}}, affirms that both Sodom and Gomorrah and the cities about them were "giving themselves over to fornication, and going after strange flesh, are set forth for an example, suffering the vengeance of eternal fire." <br />
<br />
{{bibleverse||Isaiah|3:9|KJV}}, associates Sodom with shameless sinning. <br />
<br />
{{bibleverse||Jeremiah|23:14|KJV}} associates Sodom and Gomorrah with adultery and lies. <br />
<br />
In Ezekiel 16:48-50 (KJV), God compares [[Jerusalem]] to Sodom, saying "As I live, saith the Lord GOD, Sodom thy sister hath not done, she nor her daughters, as thou hast done, thou and thy daughters. (49) Behold, this was the iniquity of thy sister Sodom, pride, fulness of bread, and abundance of idleness was in her and in her daughters, neither did she strengthen the hand of the poor and needy. (50) And they were haughty, and committed abomination before me: therefore I took them away as I saw good.<br />
<br />
{{bibleverse||Mark|6:11-12|KJV}}(cf. Mt. 11:20-24; Lk. 10:1-12), Jesus declares certain cities more damnable than Sodom and Gomorrah, due to their response to Jesus' disciples, in the light of greater grace. <br />
<br />
{{bibleverse||Luke|17:28-29|KJV}}, uses Sodom as an example of indifference; careless living. <br />
<br />
==== Additional biblical References to Sodom and Gomorrah ====<br />
* (Eze. 16:49)<br />
* (Gen. 13:13)<br />
* (Gen. 19:1-25; Jgs. 19)<br />
* (Lev. 20:13; Rom. 1:32)<br />
* (Deut. 23:17,18; Mat. 7:6; Phil. 3:2)<br />
* (Deut. 32:32,33)<br />
* (Isa. 3:9)<br />
* (Jer. 6:15)<br />
* (Psa. 5:5)<br />
* (Jn. 8:44)<br />
* (2 Pet. 2:7,8)<br />
* (2 Pet. 2:12)<br />
* (2 Pet. 2:22)<br />
* (Lk. 17:28-30)<br />
* (Rom. 1:23-28)<br />
* (Jude 7)<br />
* (Jude 23)<br />
* (Rev. 22:15)<br />
* (Jer. 6:15)<br />
* (I Timothy 4:2-4)<br />
<br />
==Sodom and homosexuality==<br />
{{See also|Homosexuality and biblical interpretation#Genesis 19|l1=Genesis 19}}<br />
<br />
Classical Jewish commentary consistently condemns homosexuality, yet comments on Sodom, though not abundant, most usually mention traditions which tell of the cruelty of Sodom to strangers, but not its manifestation in homosexual rape. Reasons for this include the references to lack of charity and injustice elsewhere in the Bible, such as Ezekiel, and also because the angels were in Sodom ''because'' God had already decided to destroy it (Gen. 19:13) and so the attempted homosexual rape was "just" further evidence of the total depravity of the city. However, Hellenistic Jewish philosopher Philo (20 BC - 50 AD) described the inhabitants of Sodom,<br />
<br />
"As men, being unable to bear discreetly a satiety of these things, get restive like cattle, and become stiff-necked, and discard the laws of nature, pursuing a great and intemperate indulgence of gluttony, and drinking, and unlawful connections; for not only did they go mad after other women, and defile the marriage bed of others, but also those who were men lusted after one another, doing unseemly things, and not regarding or respecting their common nature, and though eager for children, they were convicted by having only an abortive offspring; but the conviction produced no advantage, since they were overcome by violent desire; and so by degrees, the men became accustomed to be treated like women, and in this way engendered among themselves the disease of females, and intolerable evil; for they not only, as to effeminacy and delicacy, became like women in their persons, but they also made their souls most ignoble, corrupting in this way the whole race of men, as far as depended on them" [133-34; ET Jonge 422-23] (The Sodom tradition in Romans Biblical Theology Bulletin, Spring, 2004 by Philip F. Esler).<br />
<br />
In summarizing the Genesis 19 account, the Jewish historian Josephus also stated: <br />
<br />
“About this time the Sodomites grew proud, on account of their riches and great wealth; they became unjust towards men, and impious towards God, in so much that they did not call to mind the advantages they received from him: they hated strangers, and abused themselves with Sodomitical practices” “Now when the Sodomites saw the young men to be of beautiful countenances, and this to an extraordinary degree, and that they took up their lodgings with Lot, they resolved themselves to enjoy these beautiful boys by force and violence” (Antiquities 1.11.1 — circa A.D. 96). <br />
<br />
Other statements from the [[Pseudepigrapha]] are seen to testify likewise. <br />
<br />
Traditionally, most Christian scholars and commentators have seen homoeroticism as evidencing the extreme moral degradation of Sodom, and ultimately being causative of its judgment, with the destruction of Sodom being an eternal statement on God's view of [[homosexual]] relations. <br />
<br />
Concerning Jude 1:7, the noted but normally tempered commentator, Matthew Henry solemnly warns, <br />
<br />
...they were guilty of abominable wickedness, not to be named or thought of but with the utmost abhorrence and detestation; their ruin is a particular warning to all people to take heed of, and fly fRom. fleshly lusts that war against the soul, 1Pe_2:11. “These lusts consumed the Sodomites with fire from heaven, and they are now suffering the vengeance of eternal fire; therefore take heed, imitate not their sins, lest the same plagues overtake you as did them. God is the same holy, just, pure Being now as then; and can the beastly pleasures of a moment make amends for your suffering the vengeance of eternal fire? Stand in awe, therefore, and sin not,” Psa_4:4.<br />
<br />
Likewise John Gill comments, <br />
<br />
...and going after strange flesh; or "other flesh"; meaning not other women besides their own wives, but men; and designs that detestable and unnatural sin, which, from these people, is called sodomy to this day; and which is an exceeding great sin, contrary to the light of nature and law of God, dishonourable to human nature, and scandalous to a nation and people, and commonly prevails where idolatry and infidelity do,...<br />
<br />
Also, Robert Jamieson, A. R. Fausset and David Brown:<br />
<br />
...going after strange flesh — departing from the course of nature, and going after that which is unnatural. In later times the most enlightened heathen nations indulged in the sin of Sodom without compunction or shame.<br />
<br />
Archibald Thomas Robertson adds, <br />
<br />
Strange flesh (sarkos heteras). Horrible licentiousness, not simply with women not their wives or in other nations, but even unnatural uses (Rom_1:27) for which the very word “sodomy” is used (Gen_19:4-11). <br />
<br />
In contrast, pro homosexual apologists most typically contend that the sin of Sodom in Gn. 19 was non-sexual inhospitality,<ref>Bailey, Homosexuality and the Western Christian Tradition', p. 8; McNeil, The Church and the Homosexual, p. 50; Boswell, Christianity, social tolerance, and homosexuality, pp 93-94</ref> and which polemic primarily focuses upon the Hebrew word for ''know'' in Gn. 19:5 (and synginomai the Greek [[Septuagint]]) and the attribution of non-sexual sins in Ezekiel 16:49 and Matthew 11:20-24. Traditionalists counter that sound [[Bible exegesis]] best evidences that Lot's countrymen (the Sodomites) sought sex.<ref>[http://www.str.org/site/News2?page=NewsArticle&id=5702 Gregory Koukl, What was the Sin of Sodom and Gomorrah?]</ref><ref>[http://www.apologeticspress.org/articles/480 Dave Miller, Sodom—Inhospitality or Homosexuality?]</ref> This is based upon the use of "know in Gn. 19:8 and its 14 other occurrences in the O.T.(and synginomai in Gn. 39:10 and in the Apocrypha and other literature) for sex, as well as the parallel story of Judges 19, and the specific attribution of sexual sins to Sodom and its region in Jude 1:7, concluding in a perverse manner of such.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=ZXAVf8m_HKgC&pg=PA37&lpg=PA37&dq=early+christian+writings+on+homosexuality&source=bl&ots=ZjVFV3k7Fe&sig=75PdqP0qrE9AeeJxBSlcfhG0hdE&hl=en&ei=ljkbSu7xF4S0MJCchY8P&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=19#PPA36,M1 Homosexuality, by James B. DeYoung, pp. 32-39, 118-122]</ref> <br />
<br />
===Sodom in Isaiah and Jeremiah (False religion)===<br />
<br />
Rulers in Israel are addressed as heads of Sodom and Gomorrah in Isaiah and Jeremiah due their false worship, and the injustices and other aspects of immorality whichg resulted from it. (cf. Romans 1:16-32) <br />
<br />
:''Hear the word of the LORD, ye rulers of Sodom; give ear unto the law of our God, ye people of Gomorrah. To what purpose is the multitude of your sacrifices unto me? saith the LORD: I am full of the burnt offerings of rams, and the fat of fed beasts; and I delight not in the blood of bullocks, or of lambs, or of he goats.'' (Isaiah 1:10,11)<br />
<br />
False worship is also associated with Sodom and Gomorrah in Jeremiah,<br />
<br />
:''And I have seen folly in the prophets of Samaria; they prophesied in Baal, and caused my people Israel to err. I have seen also in the prophets of Jerusalem an horrible thing: they commit adultery, and walk in lies: they strengthen also the hands of evildoers, that none doth return from his wickedness; they are all of them unto me as Sodom, and the inhabitants thereof as Gomorrah.'' (Jeremiah 23:13, 14)<br />
<br />
The prophets of Jerusalem reprove Israel for its widespread adultery, lying, and strengthening the hand of evildoers. This reference to supporting evildoers and remaining impenitent is seen as a most important Old Testament reference to Sodom, outside of Genesis.<br />
<br />
===Sodom in Ezekiel (Idleness, or affluence without charity)===<br />
<br />
Ezekiel 16:49, 50 similarly explain that the sins of Sodom were pride, materialism, haughtiness, and neglect of the poor and needy, and which the story of Lot exemplified. <br />
<br />
However, such a condition is usually concomitant with sexual sin, and is implicated in the fall of the [[Roman Empire]].<ref>(historian D. Earl), referenced by Young, Homosexuality, p. 153</ref> Ezekiel goes to state that the Sodomites committed abomination, with the Hebrew word used here being tow'ebah. In the Old Testament this word is normally used in connection with idol worship, such as in Deuteronomy 7:26, as well as other moral sins, including those of a sexual nature. (Lv.18:22; 26-27,29,30; 20:13; Dt. 23:18; 24:4 1Ki. 14:24; Ezek. 16:2258; 22:11; 33:26) <br />
<br />
===Sodom in the Gospels===<br />
<br />
In the gospels, Jesus sends His disciples out on a mission to preach his word, and to heal the sick, and cast out demons, [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew%2010:11-15;&version=49; Matthew 10:5-15] and [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke%2010:5-12;&version=49; Luke 10:1-12] and further instructs them, <br />
<br />
:''In what place soever ye enter into an house, there abide till ye depart from that place. And whosoever shall not receive you, nor hear you, when ye depart thence, shake off the dust under your feet for a testimony against them. Verily I say unto you, It shall be more tolerable for Sodom and Gomorrha in the day of judgment, than for that city. Mar 6:12 And they went out, and preached that men should repent. (Mk. 6:10-12) <br />
<br />
This is understood by some as evidencing that the cause of Sodom's judgment was inhospitality.<ref>Bailey, Homosexuality and Western Tradition, pp. 1-28; McNeil, Church and the Homosexual, pp. 42-50; Boswell, Christianity, Social Tolerance, and Homosexuality, pp. 92-97</ref> Countering this it is pointed out that the reason Jesus codemned those cities was "because they repented not." (Mt. 11:20), which, as in the inhospitably of Sodom, was the roor cause of their rejection of the disciples of the Lord.<ref>[http://homosexvsthebible.wikia.com/wiki/Homosexual_relations_and_the_Bible#Ezekiel_16:49_and_inhospitality_texts Homosexual relations and the Bible]</ref><br />
<br />
===Sodom in Jude===<br />
<br />
The most explicit reference to Sodom in the New Testament is found in the short book of Jude, in which one aspect has seen some varied interpretations. <br />
<br />
:''I will therefore put you in remembrance, though ye once knew this, how that the Lord, having saved the people out of the land of Egypt, afterward destroyed them that believed not. And the angels which kept not their first estate, but left their own habitation, he hath reserved in everlasting chains under darkness unto the judgment of the great day. Even as Sodom and Gomorrah, and the cities about them in like manner, giving themselves over to fornication, and going after strange flesh, are set forth for an example, suffering the vengeance of eternal fire.'' - Jude 5 -7 (KJV)<br />
<br />
This section is part of a discourse warning of [[apostasy]], in which contemporary examples of those who are acting in rebellion to truth are likened to past examples, from Israelites who were faithless and disobedient to God, to angels who left their ordained position in rebellion against God, to Sodom and Gomorrah and like cities, who likewise acted in rebellion to God's order. While Sodom did not have the light the previous parties were given, as they were pagan Canaanites, pagan rebellion is detailed in [[Roman 1]], in which many iniquities are named as the result of rejection of truth which God has given by way of creation. <br />
<br />
The part of verse 7 which commentators have found intriguing is "going after strange flesh". Pro homosexual writers seek to disallow its meaning as referring to homosexual relations, pointing out that the word for "strange" usually means ''another'' or ''other'', and contend that if it was sexual, then it referred attempted sex with angels. However, countering this is the traditionalist argument which points out that the wickedness of Sodom was regional, and that no distinction is indicated that only Sodom was going after strange flesh. Genesis 18 reveals that the angels appearance as men was in order to find out whether the cry of Sodomy was true, and it is certain that this cry was not that of seeking sex with angels. It is also understood that it would be unlikely that the Sodomites (or even Lot: Heb. 13:2) knew Lot's visitors men were angels. In addition, it is seen that the word for strange can easily mean that is which is unlawful or perverse, as in Rm. 7:3 or Gal. 1:6<ref>[http://peacebyjesus.witnesstoday.org/Homosex_versus_the_Bible.html#Jude Homosexual relations and the Bible, Jude 1:7]</ref> Dave Miller states this pertains to the indulgence of passions that are “contrary to nature” (Barnes, 1949, p.&nbsp;393)—“a departure from the laws of nature in the impurities practiced” (Salmond, 1950, 22:7).<ref>Dave Miller, Ph.D. http://www.apologeticspress.org/articles/480</ref> Gagnon provides six indications why "giving themselves over to fornication" alludes, at least in part, to attempted male-male intercourse.<ref>[http://www.robgagnon.net/RevCountryman.htm RESPONSE TO PROF. L. WILLIAM COUNTRYMAN’S REVIEW IN ANGLICAN THEOLOGICAL REVIEW; On Careless Exegesis and Jude 7]</ref> After examining evidence for both positions, Thomas E. Schmidt states, "The first Christians undoubtedly connected the sin of Sodom to the sin of same-sex relations and used the name of city as a symbol for extreme sexual wrongdoing, including but not limited to same-sex relations.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=Zeotd-ylKtwC&pg=PA13&lpg=PA13&dq=quotes+Straight+and+Narrow?+Compassion+and+Clarity+in+the+Homosexuality+Debate&source=web&ots=WOXT85Pbxk&sig=8W9pkL8rcJ_7PS6oXbZ1QQBWCxQ&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=3&ct=result#PPA97,M1 Straight & narrow? by Thomas E. Schmidt]</ref><br />
<br />
==Other References==<br />
<br />
<References/><br />
<br />
[[Category:Biblical Places]]<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://peacebyjesus.witnesstoday.org/Homosex_versus_the_Bible.html#Jude Homosexual relations and the Bible]<br />
<br />
{{Bible Cities}}</div>
Korvex
https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=User:Korvex&diff=1345689
User:Korvex
2017-05-22T15:10:44Z
<p>Korvex: </p>
<hr />
<div>Love the Bible! I'm from Syria.<br />
<br />
{{User Christian2|right}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
I have made significant contributions to the following pages.<br />
<br />
'''People:'''<br />
<br />
:[[William F. Albright]] • [[James K. Hoffmeier]] • [[Kenneth Kitchen]] • [[Evelyn de Rothschild]] • [[Erez Ben-Yosef]] • [[Yosef Garfinkel]] • [[Amihai Mazar]] • [[Manfred Bietak]] • [[Benjamin J. Noonan]] • [[Alvin Plantinga]] • [[Avraham Biran]] • [[Alan Millard]] • [[Richard Hess]] • [[Steven Collins]] • [[Aren Maeir]] • [[Robert Mullins]] • [[William J. Fulco]] • [[Richard Bauckham]]<br />
(18)<br />
<br />
'''Bible:'''<br />
<br />
:[[Book of Exodus]] • [[Book of Amos]] • [[Book of Joshua]] • [[Book of Joel]] • [[Book of Habakkuk]] <br />
(5)<br />
<br />
'''History:'''<br />
:[[Exodus of Israel]] • [[King David]] • [[Shaaraim]] • [[Khirbet Qeiyafa]] • [[Gorgo of Sparta]] • [[Hyksos]] • [[Ai]] • [[Khirbet el-Maqatir]] • [[Magdala]] • [[Magdala Stone]] • [[Amphipolis]] • [[Tekoa]] • [[Bozkath]] • [[Rhegium]] • [[Beeroth]] • [[Sodom]] • [[Ziklag]] • [[Aroer]] • [[Antipatris]] • [[Brasidas]] • [[Ezion-geber]] • [[Thessalonica]] • [[Lucian of Samosata]] • [[Appii Forum]] • [[Zorah]] • [[Elath]]<br />
(26)<br />
<br />
'''Other:'''<br />
:[[Hebrew University of Jerusalem]] • [[Templeton Prize]] • [[Sea of Galilee]] • [[Nation state]]<br />
(4)<br />
<br />
<br />
These are pages that I have created but not put much effort in:<br />
<br />
:[[Classics]] • [[David and Goliath]] • [[Epistle to Titus]] • [[I Peter]] • [[I John]] • [[II John]] • [[Book of Hosea]] • [[Book of Obadiah]] • [[Book of Haggai]] • [[Book of Zechariah]] • [[Book of Malachi]] • [[EMET Prize]] • [[Israel Prize]] • [[WOLF Prize]]• [[Hebrew Union College]] • [[Wisdom Literature]] • [[History (biblical books)]] • [[Enoch (city)]] • [[Epistles (biblical books)]] • [[Prophecy (biblical book)]]<br />
(20)<br />
<br />
I made and am currently working on this template:<br />
<br />
{{Bible Cities}}<br />
<br />
Personal tasks: create [[Tall el-Hammam]], [[et-Tell]], [[Leen Ritmeyer]], work on [[Gath]]<br />
<br />
My mission on Conservapedia is to produce a highly in-depth archaeological and historical analysis and discussion on the Bible. Therefore, the pages I create and work on, such as those on people, ancient locations, and biblical books, are primarily done to provide a foundation for the historical research on the biblical texts for Conservapedia to stand on.<br />
<br />
I am a sinner and thus I decided to become Christian and ask Jesus Christ to forgive me of my sins.<br />
<br />
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lol</div>
Korvex
https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=User:Korvex&diff=1345688
User:Korvex
2017-05-22T15:09:58Z
<p>Korvex: </p>
<hr />
<div>Love the Bible! I'm from Syria.<br />
<br />
{{User Christian2|right}}<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
I have made significant contributions to the following pages.<br />
<br />
'''People:'''<br />
<br />
:[[William F. Albright]] • [[James K. Hoffmeier]] • [[Kenneth Kitchen]] • [[Evelyn de Rothschild]] • [[Erez Ben-Yosef]] • [[Yosef Garfinkel]] • [[Amihai Mazar]] • [[Manfred Bietak]] • [[Benjamin J. Noonan]] • [[Alvin Plantinga]] • [[Avraham Biran]] • [[Alan Millard]] • [[Richard Hess]] • [[Steven Collins]] • [[Aren Maeir]] • [[Robert Mullins]] • [[William J. Fulco]] • [[Richard Bauckham]]<br />
(18)<br />
<br />
'''Bible:'''<br />
<br />
:[[Book of Exodus]] • [[Book of Amos]] • [[Book of Joshua]] • [[Book of Joel]] • [[Book of Habakkuk]] <br />
(5)<br />
<br />
'''History:'''<br />
:[[Exodus of Israel]] • [[King David]] • [[Shaaraim]] • [[Khirbet Qeiyafa]] • [[Gorgo of Sparta]] • [[Hyksos]] • [[Ai]] • [[Khirbet el-Maqatir]] • [[Magdala]] • [[Magdala Stone]] • [[Amphipolis]] • [[Tekoa]] • [[Bozkath]] • [[Rhegium]] • [[Beeroth]] • [[Sodom]] • [[Ziklag]] • [[Aroer]] • [[Antipatris]] • [[Brasidas]] • [[Ezion-geber]] • [[Thessalonica]] • [[Lucian of Samosata]] • [[Appii Forum]] • [[Zorah]] • [[Elath]]<br />
(25)<br />
<br />
'''Other:'''<br />
:[[Hebrew University of Jerusalem]] • [[Templeton Prize]] • [[Sea of Galilee]] • [[Nation state]]<br />
(3)<br />
<br />
<br />
These are pages that I have created but not put much effort in:<br />
<br />
:[[Classics]] • [[David and Goliath]] • [[Epistle to Titus]] • [[I Peter]] • [[I John]] • [[II John]] • [[Book of Hosea]] • [[Book of Obadiah]] • [[Book of Haggai]] • [[Book of Zechariah]] • [[Book of Malachi]] • [[EMET Prize]] • [[Israel Prize]] • [[WOLF Prize]]• [[Hebrew Union College]] • [[Wisdom Literature]] • [[History (biblical books)]] • [[Enoch (city)]] • [[Epistles (biblical books)]] • [[Prophecy (biblical book)]]<br />
(20)<br />
<br />
I made and am currently working on this template:<br />
<br />
{{Bible Cities}}<br />
<br />
Personal tasks: create [[Tall el-Hammam]], [[et-Tell]], [[Leen Ritmeyer]], work on [[Gath]]<br />
<br />
My mission on Conservapedia is to produce a highly in-depth archaeological and historical analysis and discussion on the Bible. Therefore, the pages I create and work on, such as those on people, ancient locations, and biblical books, are primarily done to provide a foundation for the historical research on the biblical texts for Conservapedia to stand on.<br />
<br />
I am a sinner and thus I decided to become Christian and ask Jesus Christ to forgive me of my sins.<br />
<br />
<br />
== test ==<br />
<br />
<!-- BANNER ACROSS TOP OF PAGE --><br />
{| id="mp-topbanner" style="width:100%; background-color:#f9f9f9; color:#000; margin:1.2em 0 6px 0; border:1px solid #ddd;"<br />
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<div style="font-size:161%; border:none; margin:0; padding:.1em;">Welcome to [[Conservapedia]],</div><br />
<div style="top:+0.2em; font-size:94%;">a beneficial [[encyclopedia]] that anyone can participate in.</div><br />
<div id="articlecount" style="font-size:86%;">[[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]] articles in [[English language|English]]</div><br />
|}<br />
<!-- PORTAL LIST ON RIGHT-HAND SIDE --><br />
| style="width:13%; font-size:95%;" |<br />
* [[Magdala]]<br />
* [[Khirbet Qeiyafa]]<br />
* [[Manfred Bietak]]<br />
| style="width:13%; font-size:95%;" |<br />
* [[Book of Exodus]]<br />
* [[New Testament]]<br />
* [[Chess]]<br />
| style="width:13%; font-size:95%;" |<br />
* [[Periodic Table]]<br />
* [[Family]]<br />
* '''[[America]]'''<br />
|}<br />
<!-- SECTIONS AT BOTTOM OF PAGE --><br />
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lol</div>
Korvex
https://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=N.T._Wright&diff=1345686
N.T. Wright
2017-05-22T15:08:22Z
<p>Korvex: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Nicholas Thomas Wright'''<ref>[https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/divinity/rt/staff/ntw2/ University of St Andrews, N.T. Wright]</ref> (born 1 December 1948) is the Bishop of [[Durham]] of the [[Anglican]] Church and one of the worlds leading [[New Testament]] scholars, especially known for his Pauline scholarship. He is currently a Professor at [[St Andrews University]].<br />
<br />
== Education ==<br />
<br />
N.T. Wright first received his B.A. (1s class honors) in 1971, and then received another B.A. (also 1st class honors) in 1973. In 1975, he received an M.A., and in 1981, he received a D.Phil. Finally, in 2000, he received a D.D (Doctor of Divinity).<br />
<br />
==Major Publications==<br />
<br />
N.T. Wright has contributed more major and influential works to New Testament scholarship than almost any other academic in the field. Some of his major contributions to academia include;<br />
<br />
*''The New Testament and the people of God''<br />
*''Climax of the covenant: Christ and the law in Pauline theology''<br />
*''The resurrection of the Son of God''<br />
*''What Saint Paul Really Said: Was Paul of Tarsus the Real Founder of Christianity?''<br />
*''Paul: In fresh perspective''<br />
*''The letter to the Romans''<br />
*''The Challenge of Jesus: Rediscovering who Jesus was and is''<br />
*''Justification: God's plan & Paul's vision''<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Wright, N.T.}}<br />
[[Category:British Authors]]<br />
[[Category:Christian Authors]]<br />
[[Category:Clergy]]<br />
[[Category:Professors]]</div>
Korvex