Conservapedia - User contributions [en]

Counterexamples to Global Warming

2011-07-01T02:48:55Z

XavierC: /* Cold Weather Patterns */

Here are counterexamples to global warming. Unusually cold weather disproves the politically motivated claim by [[liberal]]s that the [[Earth]] is rapidly warming.

(Please feel free to expand.)

== Cold Weather Patterns ==
Many record breaking cold temperatures and snowstorms have occurred in the last 10 years.

*About as many snowfalls have occurred in Florida in the past 10 years as in the 100 years before that.

*In the first half of 2011, West Coast temperature have been consistently running at least 10-15 degrees below normal. Could [[God]] be trying to tell [[Left Coast]] liberals something?

*In Truckee-Tahoe in the second half of June 2011, every day the temperatures have been colder than normal, '''''often nearly 30 degrees below average'''''.<ref>http://www.wunderground.com/history/airport/KTRK/2011/5/30/MonthlyHistory.html</ref>

*In January 2010, "coldest weather in 12 years hits North Texas."<ref>http://www.nbcdfw.com/news/local/Coldest-Weather-in-12-Years-Descends-on-North-Texas-80828417.html</ref>

*In early February 2011, snow and ice pummeled Dallas and Houston, Texas, in a nearly unprecedented fashion.<ref>http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-02-04/houston-gripped-by-ice-under-winter-storm-forecast-to-turn-toward-new-york.html?nstrack=sid:5028563|met:104|cat:247|order:1</ref>

*February 2010, 241-mile Lake Erie was completely frozen over for the first time in 14 years.<ref>http://www.goerie.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20100213/NEWS02/302129904</ref>

*Lake Michigan had not frozen over since the 1970s until ... 2009, when it froze over, and then again in 2010 and 2011.

==Warm Weather Patterns ==

Warm weather patterns are fully expected in the absence of [[global warming]], in contrast with cold weather patterns, which would not exist if the world were rapidly and dangerously warming.

The [[lamestream media]] publicize reports of hot weather, but that is utterly ineffective in trying to prove the existence of [[global warming]]. None of warm weather contradicts the fact that record cold temperatures disprove the claim that the world is becoming rapidly and dangerously warmer. All the following would still be expected without [[global warming]]:

* [http://www.accuweather.com/blogs/news/story/34756/moscow-breaks-alltime-high-tem.asp?partner=accuweather Moscow]

* [http://www2.tricities.com/news/2011/feb/18/tri-cities-area-ties-all-time-record-high-thursday-ar-851560/ Tennessee]

* [http://www.syracuse.com/news/index.ssf/2011/04/syracuses_temperature_sets_his.html Syracuse]

* [http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-06-30/high-temperatures-hit-records-for-towns-in-oklahoma-arkansas.html Oklahoma]

* [http://www.kwes.com/story/14931869/record-high-temperatures West Texas], [http://capitalclimate.blogspot.com/2011/06/texas-toasted-20-all-time-record-high.html including the all-time record high in Amarillo, TX]

* [http://www.lsureveille.com/news/baton-rouge-facing-record-high-temperatures-1.2601916 Louisiana]

* [http://www.wctv.tv/weather/headlines/105_DEGREES_Tallahassee_Sets_New_All-Time_Record_High_123943144.html Tallahassee]

* [http://english.ruvr.ru/2011/06/28/52485345.html Western Europe]

* [http://english.sina.com/china/p/2011/0517/373689.html China]

* [http://lubbockonline.com/sports/2011-06-26/record-temperatures-dont-stop-competitors-ironman South Africa]

Random temperature fluctuations, including those above, would occur in the absence of [[global warming]].

== General Climate Patterns ==

*Although Global warming should be causing massive droughts<ref>http://www.naturalnews.com/020649.html</ref>, massive flooding along the Mississippi river in 2011 has resulted in many deaths as well as billions in property damage.

== The Gore Effect ==
Often, when a climate conference is held, a new record low temperature is set for that location. Maybe [[God]] is trying to send the alarmists a message?

== See also ==

*http://www.surfacestations.org/
*http://wattsupwiththat.com/
*http://www.norcalblogs.com/watts/weather_stations/

== References ==

<references/>

[[Category:Counterexamples]]

Counterexamples to Global Warming

2011-07-01T02:48:36Z

XavierC: /* Cold Weather Patterns */ In accordance with link.

Here are counterexamples to global warming. Unusually cold weather disproves the politically motivated claim by [[liberal]]s that the [[Earth]] is rapidly warming.

(Please feel free to expand.)

== Cold Weather Patterns ==
Many record breaking cold temperatures and snowstorms have occurred in the last 10 years.

*About as many snowfalls have occurred in Florida in the past 10 years as in the 100 years before that.

*In the first half of 2011, West Coast temperature have been consistently running at least 10-15 degrees below normal. Could [[God]] be trying to tell [[Left Coast]] liberals something?

*In Trukee-Tahoe in the second half of June 2011, every day the temperatures have been colder than normal, '''''often nearly 30 degrees below average'''''.<ref>http://www.wunderground.com/history/airport/KTRK/2011/5/30/MonthlyHistory.html</ref>

*In January 2010, "coldest weather in 12 years hits North Texas."<ref>http://www.nbcdfw.com/news/local/Coldest-Weather-in-12-Years-Descends-on-North-Texas-80828417.html</ref>

*In early February 2011, snow and ice pummeled Dallas and Houston, Texas, in a nearly unprecedented fashion.<ref>http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-02-04/houston-gripped-by-ice-under-winter-storm-forecast-to-turn-toward-new-york.html?nstrack=sid:5028563|met:104|cat:247|order:1</ref>

*February 2010, 241-mile Lake Erie was completely frozen over for the first time in 14 years.<ref>http://www.goerie.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20100213/NEWS02/302129904</ref>

*Lake Michigan had not frozen over since the 1970s until ... 2009, when it froze over, and then again in 2010 and 2011.

==Warm Weather Patterns ==

Warm weather patterns are fully expected in the absence of [[global warming]], in contrast with cold weather patterns, which would not exist if the world were rapidly and dangerously warming.

The [[lamestream media]] publicize reports of hot weather, but that is utterly ineffective in trying to prove the existence of [[global warming]]. None of warm weather contradicts the fact that record cold temperatures disprove the claim that the world is becoming rapidly and dangerously warmer. All the following would still be expected without [[global warming]]:

* [http://www.accuweather.com/blogs/news/story/34756/moscow-breaks-alltime-high-tem.asp?partner=accuweather Moscow]

* [http://www2.tricities.com/news/2011/feb/18/tri-cities-area-ties-all-time-record-high-thursday-ar-851560/ Tennessee]

* [http://www.syracuse.com/news/index.ssf/2011/04/syracuses_temperature_sets_his.html Syracuse]

* [http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-06-30/high-temperatures-hit-records-for-towns-in-oklahoma-arkansas.html Oklahoma]

* [http://www.kwes.com/story/14931869/record-high-temperatures West Texas], [http://capitalclimate.blogspot.com/2011/06/texas-toasted-20-all-time-record-high.html including the all-time record high in Amarillo, TX]

* [http://www.lsureveille.com/news/baton-rouge-facing-record-high-temperatures-1.2601916 Louisiana]

* [http://www.wctv.tv/weather/headlines/105_DEGREES_Tallahassee_Sets_New_All-Time_Record_High_123943144.html Tallahassee]

* [http://english.ruvr.ru/2011/06/28/52485345.html Western Europe]

* [http://english.sina.com/china/p/2011/0517/373689.html China]

* [http://lubbockonline.com/sports/2011-06-26/record-temperatures-dont-stop-competitors-ironman South Africa]

Random temperature fluctuations, including those above, would occur in the absence of [[global warming]].

== General Climate Patterns ==

*Although Global warming should be causing massive droughts<ref>http://www.naturalnews.com/020649.html</ref>, massive flooding along the Mississippi river in 2011 has resulted in many deaths as well as billions in property damage.

== The Gore Effect ==
Often, when a climate conference is held, a new record low temperature is set for that location. Maybe [[God]] is trying to send the alarmists a message?

== See also ==

*http://www.surfacestations.org/
*http://wattsupwiththat.com/
*http://www.norcalblogs.com/watts/weather_stations/

== References ==

<references/>

[[Category:Counterexamples]]

Constitutional monarchy

2011-06-30T23:21:16Z

XavierC:

A '''constitutional [[monarchy]]''' is a [[government]] with a constitution which acknowledges a monarch as head of state with varying degrees of influence in the running of the country. Constitutional monarchy is generally held by conservative philosophers (e.g. [[Plato]], [[Hobbes]], [[Locke]]) to be the ideal form of government.

Countries with constitutional monarchies include the [[United Kingdom]], [[Canada]], [[New Zealand]], [[Australia]], [[Papua New Guinea]], [[Denmark]], the [[Netherlands]] and [[Spain]].

A monarch is a head of state, but the amount of power a head of state holds can vary.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=monarchy|work=Dictionary.com|title=monarchy|language=English|format=HTML|accessdate=2007-08-21}}</ref> The United Kingdom's approach to government has the reigning monarch publicly represent the UK. The day-to-day work of keeping government in place and working is handled by other constitutionally directed organizations. The UK monarchy is granted little power beyond publicly representing the UK. The monarchy, for example, could not make an independent decision as to which party in a law case was guilty and decree the guilty party. The UK constitution limits the power of the UK monarchy. There is good reason for this kind of approach because some past monarchs (not exclusively in the UK) have misused their vested powers and, over time, constitutions have been written. A constitutional monarchy's position is subject to and constrained by the country's constitution.

A monarchy can be the very best form of government, as measured by the betterment of the people during a monarch's reign. The UK has had some benevolent monarchs who wielded great power. But, in general, to fit all possible monarchs, experience has shown that a constitution needs be carefully written.

Presently, the country of Qatar is considered by many to be ruled by a benevolent monarch, though his title, in keeping with the Arabic language, is Emirate. [[Saudi Arabia]] is also a governed by a monarchy, though not a constitutional one.<ref>[http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/index.html CIA Factbook]</ref> [[Canada]] is a constitutional monarchy with a [[parliamentary system]].

==See also==
*[[Absolute monarchy]]

==references==
<references/>

[[category:Forms of Government]]

Erik the Saint

2011-06-30T22:06:02Z

XavierC:

'''Erik the Saint''' ([[Swedish]]: Erik den helige) was a legendary [[Monarchy in Sweden|king]] of [[Sweden]], who lived in 12th century. In 1150 AD, he led a [[crusade]] to [[conversion|convert]] the [[pagan]] inhabitants of [[Finland]]. He was murdered on May 18 1160 AD just after leaving a church in which he had attended [[mass]].

He was popularly declared a [[saint]], with the day of his death being his feast day, but has never been formally recognized by the [[Catholic Church]]. His remains were enshrined in the [[cathedral]] of Uppsala, where they still remain.

== External Links ==
*[http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=3168 His entry on catholic.org]

{{nb_swedish_monarchs}}

[[Category:Saints]]

Talk:Endosymbiotic hypothesis

2011-06-29T22:10:41Z

XavierC: /* Unlock this article */ new section

==Falsifiability==

I take issue with the claim that the endosymbiotic hypothesis is not falsifiable. Off the top of my head, it strongly predicts that a) we should find similarities between mitochondria and chloroplasts and their hypothesized "relatives" in the bacterial kingdoms, and b) that such organelles should have two layers of plasma membrane rather than one. Finding evidence against either of these would falsify the theory. [[User:TaKess|TaKess]] 17:47, 4 May 2009 (EDT)

I essentially performed a massive surgery on this page. The original was good, but I felt that it needed an academic face-lift. I'm also a little more knowledgeable on this subject than the first author, though they did do a superb job for someone that (I'm assuming) lacked advanced training in biology. I can safely say that MOST university professors would be comfortable with their students using this article as a quick reference. [[User:Professor|Professor]] 01:57, 28 June 2011 (EDT)
:Professor, I did some additional surgery too plus a graft. [[User:Conservative|conservative]] 02:23, 28 June 2011 (EDT)

::Conservative, your surgery included the complete deletion of some parts, for example the "evidence" paragraph. I am sure that you had your reasons, but I believe that it is better for Conservapedia that when the complete deletion of some parts is required, a full, detailed reason should always be provided in the talk page, lest we are accused of censorship. Self-respecting conservatives do not engage in that kind of thing, and we must lead by example. So, what was the reason for the deletion of entire sections from the article? Were they poorly sourced? Were they demonstrably untrue? Do you have reason to believe it was parody? Again, I am not criticizing, but I think it will ultimately benefit Conservapedia if there is some transparence and openness behind the decisions of admins.
::By the way, how is your new satire article coming along? You mentioned you were working on something, and I am looking forward to it :)
::Respectfully,
::--[[User:LeonardO|Leo-from-UK]] 07:37, 28 June 2011 (EDT)
::::Evobabble is not science. Conservapedia doesn't want the adherents of the religion of atheism to put in their atheist origins myth which is evolution. Conservapedia is not a big fan of astrology and evolution. [[User:Conservative|conservative]] 12:58, 28 June 2011 (EDT)
:::::I was entirely accurate in the article. The evidence that was burned (Godwin's law, anyone?) represents a wealth of scientific knowledge that has been accumulated over a century. I agree that symbiotic theory is a key argument used by evolution proponents, but I don't think that warrants the blatant disregard of scientific fact. Whether we agree with the theory or not, surely we can respect the massive amount of time and research that has been devoted to better understanding ourselves and other organisms. [[User:Professor|Professor]] 13:07, 28 June 2011 (EDT)
:::::::I am not buying your "wealth". Please read: [[Evolution]] and [[Atheism]]. Are you an atheist? Do you have proof and evidence that atheism is true? [[User:Conservative|conservative]] 13:47, 28 June 2011 (EDT)
::::::::Conservative, I know perfectly well why you deleted that material, I am not asking you to explain it to me; all that I am asking for is that, in the spirit of openness, you acknowledge the complete deletion of a section in the log and in the talk page, clearly providing the reason for why it is deleted. It is very easy to be accused of censorship, and we do not want to provide any ammo to those who criticize us. And... you didn't reply for what concerns your next satire article :) --[[User:LeonardO|Leo-from-UK]] 14:29, 28 June 2011 (EDT)
:::::::::I am not arguing against religion; personal faith has had, in many instances, a demonstrably positive effect on society. Where would we be without the Catholic Church's support of the Renaissance? What would be the state of modern physics without the contributions of religious scientists such as Newton? Indeed, I support the study of religion for the positive impacts it has had. One cannot properly enjoy English literature (perhaps ALL literature) without being intimately familiar with the Bible. What I do not support, however, is the blatant distortion of scientific fact. Whether we profess to be "atheist" or "creationist", all of us share a common goal: the revelation of the truth. I contend that science is the path to that truth. It is the gateway to that enlightenment. It is the road to that common understanding. If science leads us to embrace a Divine Creator, then so be it. However, if science leads us to doubt the existence of the Creator, then I must whole-heartedly accept that as well. No matter what our personal beliefs may be, we all share a common devotion to educating the next generation. I feel that censoring what is considered to be a large body of scientific evidence disingenuous to that goal. With all due respect, [[User:Professor|Professor]] 14:37, 28 June 2011 (EDT)
:::::::::::Sorry, atheism is on the decline in the world because of its irrelevance. Please see: [[Atheism]] and [[Evolution]]. Liberalism is under duress too via austerity budgets. Unlike evolutionists/atheists/liberals, I try to have relevant material. Not voodoo "science". [[User:Conservative|conservative]] 14:43, 28 June 2011 (EDT)
::::::::::::Again, I am not concerned with atheism, liberalism, conservatism, or any other "-ism". My only issue is the truth. I understand that you disagree with the facts (or perhaps my presentation), but how you can relegate a century's-worth of work to "voodoo" science is beyond me. What exactly makes this "voodoo" science? Is it my not providing you with original data? I think not, as I doubt you can present the ORIGINAL ten commandments. Not the "voodoo", copied version found in a book that was printed in the 50s. The REAL tablets. Is it that the theory cannot be adequately tested? Again, doubtful; there is no conceivable way (in my narrow-minded, scientific view) of testing God's existence. What, then, can it be? What makes certain evidence "true science", while other facts are labeled "voodoo, pseudoscience"? I can think of only one explanation: "voodoo" science is any piece of evidence not in accordance with your world view. Humbly waiting your reply, [[User:Professor|Professor]] 15:19, 28 June 2011 (EDT).
::Alchemy was around a long time too. In science, evidence should be the decisive factor, not naturalistic philosophy. Anyways, [[Shockofgod]] said he is going to drive a stake in the heart of evolutionism biology textbook buying though his Texas assistance to the [[Question evolution! campaign]] which could certainly take a huge bite out of Darwinism. No real point in having a long discussion given the upcoming collapse of Darwinism. Have a nice day. [[User:Conservative|conservative]] 23:54, 28 June 2011 (EDT)
:::I have reverted your vandalism of this page. It was a well written and researched article until you came along and destroyed it. You then came on to this talk page and arrogantly dismissed the concerns expressed by the editor who had taken so much trouble in writing it. Your behaviour has been that of a bully. This is a wiki and, as such, relies on co-operation between editors. What you have done is calculated to drive contributing editors away. It was a destructive and disgraceful act. --[[User:XavierC|XavierC]] 17:28, 29 June 2011 (EDT)

== Unlock this article ==

Conservative, you have hijacked this article in the most outrageous display of high-handed, arrogant behaviour I have ever seen on a wiki. You have destroyed a significant and considered contribution, refused to respond to requests to explain your appalling behaviour and now compound your disgrace by locking the article. This wiki is not your personal fiefdom. It is a co-operative project requiring multiple editors. Acting the way that you have done can only have one result. The eventual decline of this project. Unlock this page and act in a co-operative manner towards other editors. Collaborate in the development of a good article. Don't behave like a child who snatches all the toys for himself and runs off to play alone. Behave like an adult who is capable of co-operative enterprise. --[[User:XavierC|XavierC]] 18:10, 29 June 2011 (EDT)

Talk:Endosymbiotic hypothesis

2011-06-29T21:28:51Z

XavierC: /* Falsifiability */

Endosymbiotic hypothesis

2011-06-29T21:25:03Z

XavierC: Revert vandalism

The '''endosymbiotic theory''', known to academics as the serial endosymbiosis theory (SET), is a [[scientific theory]] concerning
the origins of [[mitochondria]], plastids (e.g. [[chloroplasts]]), and [[nuclei]] in [[eukaryotes|eukaryotic cells]]. According
to this theory, these organelles arose from free-living bacteria that were taken inside another cell as endosymbionts.

== History ==

The endosymbiotic theory was first articulated by famed [[Russian]] botanist Konstantin Mereschkowski in 1905<ref>Mereschkowski C (1905). "Über Natur und Ursprung der Chromatophoren im Pflanzenreiche". Biol Centralbl 25: 593–604.</ref>. Mereschkowski based his theory in part on work done by botanist Andreas Schimper, who had observed in 1883 that the division of chloroplasts in green [[plants]] closely resembled that of cyanobacteria. Schimper had himself tentatively proposed (in a footnote) that green plants could have arisen from the symbiosis of two simpler organisms.<ref>Schimper AFW (1883). "Über die Entwicklung der Chlorophyllkörner und Farbkörper". Bot. Zeitung 41: 105–14, 121–31, 137–46, 153–62.</ref> In the 1920s, Irvin Wallin, a [[professor]] at the University of Colorado Medical School, extended the idea of an endosymbiotic origin to the mitochondria.<ref>Wallin IE (1923). "The Mitochondria Problem". The American Naturalist 57 (650): 255–61. doi:10.1086/279919.
</ref> These theories were initially dismissed (or ignored) by the scientific community. More detailed electron microscopic comparisons between cyanobacteria and chloroplasts (for example, studies by Hans Ris<ref>Ris H, Singh RN (January 1961). "Electron microscope studies on blue-green algae". J Biophys Biochem Cytol 9 (1): 63–80. doi:10.1083/jcb.9.1.63. PMC 2224983. PMID 13741827.</ref>) combined with the discovery that plastids and mitochondria contain their own [[DNA]]<ref>Stocking C and Gifford E (1959). "Incorporation of thymidine into chloroplasts of Spirogyra". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 1 (3): 159–64. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(59)90010-5.
</ref> (which had recently been identified as the hereditary material of organisms) led to a resurrection of the idea in the 1960s.

The endosymbiotic theory was advanced and substantiated with [[microbiology|microbiological]] evidence in 1967 by [[American]] biologist Lynn Margulis. A young faculty member at [[Boston University]], Margulis authored a theoretical paper entitled ''The Origin of Mitosing Eukaryotic Cells''<ref>Lynn Sagan (1967). "On the origin of mitosing cells". J Theor Bio. 14 (3): 255–274. doi:10.1016/0022-5193(67)90079-3. PMID 11541392.</ref>. The paper, however, was "rejected by about fifteen scientific journals," Margulis recalled<ref>John Brockman, The Third Culture, New York: Touchstone, 1995, 135.</ref>(see [[Best of the Public]]). It was finally accepted by ''The Journal of Theoretical Biology'' and is considered today a landmark in modern endosymbiotic theory. Drawing heavily from the ideas of Mereschkowski and Wallin, Margulis's endosymbiotic theory formulation is the first to rely on direct microbiological observations as opposed to [[paleontology|paleontological]] or [[zoology|zoological]] observations, which were previously the norm for new works in [[evolutionary biology]].

The possibility that peroxisomes may have an endosymbiotic origin has also been considered, although they lack DNA. Christian de Duve proposed that they may have been the first endosymbionts, allowing cells to withstand growing amounts of free molecular [[oxygen]] in the [[Earth|Earth's]] atmosphere. However, it now appears that they may be formed ''de novo'', contradicting the idea that they have a symbiotic origin<ref>Gabaldón T, Snel B, van Zimmeren F, Hemrika W, Tabak H, Huynen MA (2006). "Origin and evolution of the peroxisomal proteome". Biol. Direct 1 (1): 8. doi:10.1186/1745-6150-1-8. PMC 1472686. PMID 16556314. (Provides evidence that contradicts an endosymbiotic origin of peroxisomes. Instead it is suggested that they evolutionarily originate from the Endoplasmic Reticulum)</ref>. It is believed that over millennia these endosymbionts transferred some of their own DNA to the host cell's nucleus during the evolutionary transition from a symbiotic community to an instituted eukaryotic cell (called "serial endosymbiosis"). This hypothesis is thought to be possible because it is known today from scientific observation that transfer of DNA occurs between [[bacteria]] species, even if they are not closely related. Bacteria can take up DNA from their surroundings and have a limited ability to incorporate it into their own [[genome]].

== Evidence ==

A great body of evidence exists in the fields of [[molecular biology]], [[biochemistry]], and [[genetics]] that supports the theory that mitochondria and plastids arose from bacteria<ref>Kimball, J. 2010. Kimball's Biology Pages. Accessed October 13, 2010. An online open source biology text by Harvard professor, and author of a general biology text, John W. Kimball.</ref><ref>Reece, J., Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson, 2010. Campbell Biology. 9th Edition Benjamin Cummings; 9th Ed. (October 7, 2010)</ref><ref>Raven, P., George Johnson, Kenneth Mason, Jonathan Losos, Susan Singer, 2010. Biology. McGraw-Hill 9th Ed. (January 14, 2010)</ref>.
* New mitochondria and plastids are formed only through a process similar to binary fission. In some [[algae]], such as Euglena, the plastids can be destroyed by certain chemicals or prolonged absence of light without otherwise affecting the cell. In such a case, the plastids will not regenerate.
* They are surrounded by two or more membranes, and the innermost of these shows differences in composition from the other membranes of the cell. They are composed of a peptidoglycan [[cell wall]] characteristic of a bacterial cell.
* Both mitochondria and plastids contain DNA that is different from that of the cell nucleus and that is similar to that of bacteria (in being circular in shape and in its size).
* DNA sequence analysis and [[phylogeny|phylogenetic]] estimates suggest that nuclear DNA contains genes that probably came from plastids.
* These organelles' [[ribosomes]] are like those found in bacteria (70S).
*[[Proteins]] of organelle origin, like those of bacteria, use N-formylmethionine as the initiating amino acid.
*Much of the internal structure and biochemistry of plastids, for instance the presence of thylakoids and particular [[chlorophyll|chlorophylls]], is very similar to that of cyanobacteria. Phylogenetic estimates constructed with bacteria, plastids, and eukaryotic genomes also suggest that plastids are most closely related to cyanobacteria.
* Mitochondria have several [[enzyme|enzymes]] and transport systems similar to those of bacteria.
* Some proteins encoded in the nucleus are transported to the organelle, and both mitochondria and plastids have small genomes compared to bacteria. This is consistent with an increased dependence on the eukaryotic host after forming an endosymbiosis. Most genes on the organellar genomes have been lost or moved to the nucleus. Most genes needed for mitochondrial and plastid function are located in the nucleus. Many originate from the bacterial endosymbiont.
* Plastids are present in very different groups of protists, some of which are closely related to forms lacking plastids. This suggests that if chloroplasts originated de novo, they did so multiple times, in which case their close similarity to each other is difficult to explain.
* Many of these [[protists]] contain "primary" plastids that have not yet been acquired from other plastid-containing eukaryotes.
* Among eukaryotes that acquired their plastids directly from bacteria (known as Primoplantae), the glaucophyte algae have chloroplasts that strongly resemble cyanobacteria. In particular, they have a peptidoglycan cell wall between the two membranes.
* Mitochondria and plastids are similar in size to bacteria.

== Problems ==

* Neither mitochondria nor plastids can survive in oxygen or outside the cell, having lost many essential genes required for survival. The standard counterargument points to the large timespan that the mitochondria/plastids have co-existed with their hosts. In this view, genes and systems that were no longer necessary were simply deleted, or in many cases, transferred into the host genome instead. (In fact these transfers constitute an important way for the host cell to regulate plastid or mitochondrial activity.) For example, most plastids are not able to produce respiratory proteins necessary for respiration. Like any living cell, plastids would die if energy is not provided to them by respiration.
* A large cell, especially one equipped for phagocytosis, has vast energetic requirements, which cannot be achieved without the internalisation of energy production (due to the decrease in the surface area to volume ratio as size increases). This implies that, for the cell to gain mitochondria, it could not have been a eukaryote, and must have been a bacterium. This in turn implies that the emergence of the eukaryotes and the formation of mitochondria were achieved simultaneously. This may be explained by possibly a very close symbiotic relationship between two types of bacteria which eventually led to gene exchange and engulfing of the mitochondria precursors through partial fusion or engulfing by the host bacteria.
* Genetic analysis of small eukaryotes that lack mitochondria shows that they all still retain genes for mitochondrial proteins. This implies that all these eukaryotes once had mitochondria. This objection can be answered if, as suggested above, the origin of the eukaryotes coincided with the formation of mitochondria. Alternatively, we may postulate extinction of all other descendants of a mitochondrion-free ancestral eukaryote, perhaps due to competition from the symbiotic clade, or oxygen poisoning as levels continued to rise.

These last two problems are accounted for by the [http://www.fbmc.fcen.uba.ar/materias/genmol/bibliografia-1/hipotesis%20del%20hidrogeno%20para%20el%20primer%20eucariota.pdf hydrogen hypothesis].

== Serial Endosymbiosis Theory and Evolution ==

The endosymbiotic theory is part of a large body of evidence supporting the [[theory of evolution]]. Prominent evolutionary biologist [[Richard Dawkins]] had the following to say of Lynn Margulis and her work:

<blockquote>
I greatly admire Lynn Margulis's sheer courage and stamina in sticking by the endosymbiosis theory, and carrying it through from being an unorthodoxy to an orthodoxy. I'm referring to the theory that the eukaryotic cell is a symbiotic union of primitive prokaryotic cells. This is one of the great achievements of twentieth-century evolutionary biology, and I greatly admire her for it.<ref>John Brockman, The Third Culture, New York: Touchstone, 1995, 144.</ref>
</blockquote>

There are essentially two differing views concerning endosymbiotic theory, one slightly more logical than the other:
* [[Creationists]] (rightfully) assume that [[God]], in His infinite wisdom, designed a complex cellular system that allows modern organisms to function perfectly on a ''molecular level''. Endosymbiotic theory speaks to the majesty of His [[creation]]. Indeed, when confronted with endosymbiotic theory, [[Christians]] often think of the words of Daniel: "I will praise thee, for I am fearfully and wonderfully made."
* The general consensus of the scientific community is that endosymbiotic theory is a demonstrated fact, backed up by a mountain of molecular/biochemical evidence. This fact, in conjunction with a wealth of biological research, confirms Darwin's theory of evolution as a scientific truth.

== See Also ==

* [[Theory of Evolution]]
* [[Symbiosis]]
* [[Cell]]
* [[Biology]]

== References ==
<references/>

[[Category:biology]]

HMS Bounty

2011-06-28T01:37:21Z

XavierC:

'''HMS Bounty''' was made famous for the [[mutiny]] that occurred on board.
The mission of this 19th century [[England|British]] [[Navy]] [[ship]] was to acquire [[breadfruit]] trees from [[Tahiti]].
Although this was done, the Bounty's extended stay in Tahiti and the claims of tyranny by the Captain, Captain William Bligh, led to a desire on the part of First Mate Fletcher Christian and many of the crewmen to remain in Tahiti. This desire led to the mutiny. Knowing that they could not escape the whole of the British navy, the mutineers eventually settled on [[Pitcairn Island]]. Their descendants live on the island to this day. Some descendants moved on to nearby Norfolk Island, a former [[England|British]] penal colony.

Two replicas of HMS Bounty exist. One was built for the 1962 film ''Mutiny on the Bounty''<ref>[http://www.tallshipbounty.org/ Webpage of HMS Bounty Organization]</ref> and the second for the 1984 film ''The Bounty''<ref>[http://www.thesquarerigger.com/bounty.html Webpage of H.M.A.V. Bounty]</ref>.

==References==
<references/>

== External links ==

*http://www.solarnavigator.net/history/hms_bounty.htm
*http://www.bountygenealogy.com/
*http://www.tallshipbounty.org/
*http://www.government.pn/

{{DEFAULTSORT: Bounty, HMS}}
[[Category:Ships]]

HMS Bounty

2011-06-28T01:34:23Z

XavierC:

'''HMS Bounty''' was made famous for the [[mutiny]] that occurred on board.
The mission of this 19th century [[England|British]] [[Navy]] [[ship]] was to acquire [[breadfruit]] trees from [[Tahiti]].
Although this was done, the Bounty's extended stay in Tahiti and the claims of tyranny by the Captain, Captain William Bligh, led to a desire on the part of First Mate Fletcher Christian and many of the crewmen to remain in Tahiti. This desire led to the mutiny. Knowing that they could not escape the whole of the British navy, the mutineers eventually settled on [[Pitcairn Island]]. Their descendants live on the island to this day. Some descendants moved on to nearby Norfolk Island, a former [[England|British]] penal colony.

Two replicas of the Bounty exist. One was built for the 1962 film ''Mutiny on the Bounty''<ref>[http://www.tallshipbounty.org/ Webpage of HMS Bounty Organization]</ref> and the second for the 1984 film ''The Bounty''<ref>[http://www.thesquarerigger.com/bounty.html Webpage of H.M.A.V. Bounty]</ref>.

==References==
<references/>

== External links ==

*http://www.solarnavigator.net/history/hms_bounty.htm
*http://www.bountygenealogy.com/
*http://www.tallshipbounty.org/
*http://www.government.pn/

{{DEFAULTSORT: Bounty, HMS}}
[[Category:Ships]]

User talk:Jpatt

2011-06-28T01:12:22Z

XavierC: /* Dike! */ new section

== Archive 2008 ==
[http://www.conservapedia.com/User_talk:Jpatt/Subway_Troll Here]

== Archive 2009 ==
[http://www.conservapedia.com/User_talk:Jpatt/2009]

== Archive 2010 ==
[http://www.conservapedia.com/User_talk:Jpatt/2010]

== Your block policy ==

I was just wondering; why are you blocking people with the reason that they don't give their name?

People can simply say whatever name they wanted and you wouldn't know if it is true or not.
More importantly the account creation page states that submitting your name is '''optional'''
Can please explain the reasoning behind your block policy?

ps: I'd appreciate you not blocking me merely for asking this question. I just ask out of curiosity ;)

Thanks.

[[User:Philny|Philny]] 18:20, 4 January 2011 (EST)
:Just as it is optional for first name last initial, the block policy is of the administrators discretion. It helps eliminate sock accounts used by [troll]]s and if the user is truly interested in contributing in good faith, they will recreate their username as commanded. Do users/trolls use fake names? absolutely. Are you really Phil? I chose not to recreate your account but I could be wrong about you. Time will tell. Hope this is a sufficient answer. Have a great day! --[[User:Jpatt|Jpatt]] 19:28, 4 January 2011 (EST)

:::Jpatt. In all honesty I don't see how your practice would help eliminate sock accounts. People can simply lie about who they are. Socks are best controlled through an IP range block if you asked me.
::Lastly I would think that good faith would be assumed for new people until they explicitly become trolls/vandals. but hey that's just me.
::I'm still trying to get rid of those liberal Wikipepdia ways. [[User:Philny|Philny]] 19:54, 4 January 2011 (EST)

:::Is it foolproof? No. They are not blocked from contributing just blocked from using that name. So it is of good faith on our part to allow them to recreate a username. I did not create the policy and I was subject to the same policy when I first joined. We'll banish someone when needed and we will ferret out those fake accounts over time. To obey an administrators request is the first step toward recognizing a good faith contributor.--[[User:Jpatt|Jpatt]] 20:18, 4 January 2011 (EST)

::::Hi. My former name was STramp, but you seem to have decided that that cannot be my real name. I'm not quite sure why?[[User:StevenTramp|StevenTramp]] 21:23, 10 May 2011 (EDT)

== Re:Welcome! ==

Thanks for the welcome! I'll be sure to read the Editor's Guide ;) --[[User:AznBurger|AznBurger]] 21:36, 19 January 2011 (EST)

== Conservative 3737, "everything you say is conservative" ==

...but really not [http://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Chris_Matthews&curid=10356&diff=846659&oldid=846644 family-friendly.] Thanks for heading him off! [[User:Martyp|Martyp]] 16:32, 5 February 2011 (EST)

:The IP is a school and he didn't actually cuss which would cross the line. I am willing to give a second chance if the rules are followed. BTW, I hope no hard feelings for targeting you in the past. Your edits were excellent.--[[User:Jpatt|Jpatt]] 16:38, 5 February 2011 (EST)
::Life is too short for hard feelings. Good call on the "second chance" thing. [[User:Martyp|Martyp]] 16:39, 5 February 2011 (EST)

== Hello, there is a reason I don't use my real name ==

I'll write you an email about it if you like, I would have before but you locked the email so I could not. Account creation was also turned off, which makes recreating my account difficult. --[[User:AlaskanEconomy2|AlaskanEconomy2]] 20:43, 8 February 2011 (EST)
:I now feel pretty foolish not having checked this account before creating that one. Thanks/sorry. --[[User:AlaskanEconomy|AlaskanEconomy]] 20:52, 8 February 2011 (EST)

== Thanks ==

Thanks for uploading that image yesterday. With regards to my username, I created it before there was any specific username policy on Conservapedia's Guidelines or Commandments page (even though I've only been contributing recently). If it is important that I have username that contains only my name/initials, I will change it. --[[User:Toadaron|Toadaron]] 17:40, 18 February 2011 (EST)

== New conservative pages for 2011 ==

I noticed you were laying down plans for pages to create. I think you might consider making a page on the pence amendment, the recent 240-185 house vote to amend Title X to remove the family planning grants from organizations that perform abortions (like planned parenthood). While I support the decision the issue is outside of my area of specialization and I am afraid of getting some important facts wrong. --[[User:AlaskanEconomy|AlaskanEconomy]] 20:43, 22 February 2011 (EST)
:Maybe at some future point. It's too early to determine the outcome. You're welcome to start it.--[[User:Jpatt|Jpatt]] 20:45, 22 February 2011 (EST)

== uploading images ==

How can I upload non-political, non-controversial images that I made myself to Conservapedia? I suppose you or the Conservapedia administration would like to preview images before uploading them? How do I show them for you to preview? [[User:HPadleckas|HPadleckas]] 21:34, 28 February 2011 (EST)

:Send to conservapedia@zoho.com--[[User:Jpatt|Jpatt]] 21:39, 28 February 2011 (EST)

==Celebrity crime==

Hi, Jpatt. I'm wondering how and when we should report (gloat over?) celebrity crime, like a female pop star arrested for being drunk in public, getting a speeding ticket, etc. Are we trying to prove that Hollywood produces (or encourages) self-indulgent behavior, or what? --[[User:Ed Poor|Ed Poor]] [[User talk:Ed Poor|Talk]] 13:53, 2 March 2011 (EST)

:Personally, I don't have a litmus test for inclusion. I simply take celebrities, be it Democrat or Republican, and post their crimes. As role models, they need to be exposed as to why they make headlines. Their behavior is an example of who "not to follow". If you have suggestions, of course I would work with you. --[[User:Jpatt|Jpatt]] 15:04, 2 March 2011 (EST)

::I had nothing in mind, just trying to stimulate thought here. Carry on, my good man! :-) --[[User:Ed Poor|Ed Poor]] [[User talk:Ed Poor|Talk]] 01:21, 5 March 2011 (EST)

== Delete ==

Hey Jpatt - I manually copy-pasted move a page from [[Frankfurt school]] to [[Essay:Frankfurt school]] - but upon examining the content it appears that the original author - CharlieO - copy pasted that from another site. Could you delete both pages? Thanks!--[[User:Iduan|I]][[User_talk:Iduan|Duan]] 18:50, 26 March 2011 (EDT)
:No problem. --[[User:Jpatt|Jpatt]] 18:57, 26 March 2011 (EDT)

==Photo upload==
Hi, I would like to upload a photo of myself, I don't have the rights, can you do it for me? Thanks.--[[User:SarahWollstone|SarahWollstone]] 20:35, 8 April 2011 (EDT)
Yes, send to conservapedia@zoho.com --[[User:Jpatt|Jpatt]] 21:19, 8 April 2011 (EDT)
Thanks. :)--[[User:SarahWollstone|SarahWollstone]] 21:23, 8 April 2011 (EDT)

I just sent it to you. :) --[[User:SarahWollstone|SarahWollstone]] 21:32, 8 April 2011 (EDT)

:Done. [http://www.conservapedia.com/images/4/42/Me.jpg]--[[User:Jpatt|Jpatt]] 21:41, 8 April 2011 (EDT)

Thank you. :)--[[User:SarahWollstone|SarahWollstone]] 21:44, 8 April 2011 (EDT)

== I need you to check your email ==

K? [[User:DMorris|DMorris]] 23:20, 27 April 2011 (EDT)

== nice reversions! ==

You're fast, sir.--[[User:Iduan|I]][[User_talk:Iduan|Duan]] 19:50, 2 May 2011 (EDT)
:Did you hear? I'm Quick Draw McGraw!--[[User:Jpatt|Jpatt]] 19:54, 2 May 2011 (EDT)

== Thank you ==

Thank you for the helpful links and the welcome. I hope to become a valuable member of the community.

== Editing the Wicca page ==

I would like to formally request that the "murders" section be removed for the reasons stated on the talk page.

This is not a place to smear other people or post inflammatory material. {{unsigned|HarabecW}}

:I digress, this is a place to educate others and to warn them to stay clear of witchcraft. Find another topic to edit. --[[User:Jpatt|Jpatt]] 22:30, 6 May 2011 (EDT)

::I have looked at some of the disputed links, and while I don't know enough about the sources themselves to question their reliability, for most of the stories no causal relationship is established between the person's religious beliefs and their actions. One might just as well divide any story about crime between those where the perpetrator was male or female and argue that their gender was the causal factor. [[User:WilliamB1|WilliamB1]] 22:41, 6 May 2011 (EDT)

:::A person's beliefs and their actions are always tied together whether you agree or not. If Wiccans start making the news for rape, I will start a new section. --[[User:Jpatt|Jpatt]] 23:10, 6 May 2011 (EDT)

== Stubs ==

Do we use stub tags here on Conservapedia?-[[User:StevenTramp|StevenTramp]] 23:46, 10 May 2011 (EDT)
:It's not really recommended or necessary.--[[User:Jpatt|Jpatt]] 19:35, 11 May 2011 (EDT)

== Mistake of an email ==

I sent you an email raising a question - having seen the new evidence you can safely ignore it - sorry for that!--[[User:Iduan|I]][[User_talk:Iduan|Duan]] 20:05, 12 May 2011 (EDT)

==Ravens==

I noticed you reverted changes made to the Tower of London article that mentioned the legend of the ravens. I know you banned the editor for vandalism, but in this case, the story is true. There is a legend telling that if the ravens at the Tower leave, it portends the downfall of both the Tower and the kingdom. I know it's trivia, but it's fun too and I'd love to see it added back into the article. Here's a link about the story. http://www.hrp.org.uk/TowerOfLondon/stories/theravens.aspx [[User:SharonW|SharonW]] 21:32, 12 May 2011 (EDT)
:No problem. Go ahead and add it back.--[[User:Jpatt|Jpatt]] 21:38, 12 May 2011 (EDT)
::Thanks! I'll add the reference too.[[User:SharonW|SharonW]] 22:36, 12 May 2011 (EDT)

== Religion headline ==

Hi - that's a great news story, but I wonder if I may suggest a small change to the wording? At present is says "study came up with similar findings" but no other findings are listed to be similar too; it's an out of context quote.

I'd suggest saying something like "'''[[Religion]] comes naturally, even instinctively, to human beings,''' says a 3-year, multi-million Pound survey conducted by Oxford University." Maybe even add that it is a liberal institution, that offered tenure to Richard Dawkins? [[User:TracyS|TracyS]] 12:25, 13 May 2011 (EDT)

== Maria Shriver ==

Hi - I noticed you added "Schwarzenegger" for Shriver's last name. I don't believe she ever changed her name legally and has never gone by the name "Schwarzenegger". [[User:SharonW|SharonW]] 10:25, 20 May 2011 (EDT)
:Ok, I'll remove it. After her divorce she can go from Mrs. Maria Shriver to Ms. Maria Shriver. New age liberals are a joke. --[[User:Jpatt|Jpatt]] 12:19, 20 May 2011 (EDT)

== user:JimMac ==

Hi - this user is vandalising articles and constantly reverting me. Please can you show him the door? [[User:TracyS|TracyS]] 10:52, 27 May 2011 (EDT)

==[[Raymond Davis Affair]]==
Do you know anything of this? The Obama administration evidently invoked Islamic law to circumvent the judicial system in Pakistan to obtain a Blackwater (or whatever) operative in Pakistan only weeks before the Abbotobad raid. People in Pakistan are very upset. The democratically elected regime & military are cooperating with the US because they fear Islamic fundementalism, yet when it suits him, Obama pays $2.3 million in blood money under Koranic law to get a hired mercenary out. Ironic. [[User:RobSmith|Rob Smith]] 20:03, 27 May 2011 (EDT)
:I haven't heard this but it wouldn't surprise me.--[[User:Jpatt|Jpatt]] 20:07, 27 May 2011 (EDT)
::Raymond was CIA--[[User:Jpatt|Jpatt]] 20:07, 27 May 2011 (EDT)

== user:Jefferson ==

I wasn't sure how to contact you other than this, please let me know if there is another way if you would be so kind. I was not aware of the policy against using fact tags, thank you for informing me. I had seen them used in several articles and assumed it was okay. I would appreciate if you would clear something up for me about the citation policy, please: why is it the responsibility of a person who discovers uncited work to find the citation rather than the original poster of the work? I thought it would have been in the spirit of the encyclopedia's "no gossip" rules that statements should be cited and that calling attention to uncited materials would be helpful in clearing the site of gossip. Thanks again for filling me in and not banning me outright to begin with. I appreciate the help![[User:Jefferson|Jefferson]] 23:25, 3 June 2011 (EDT)

:Jefferson, thanks for the mature response. It is the original poster who is supposed to reference. Our suggestion is if you find questionable content, put it on the talk page. If it can be discussed through, then someone can add a citation. If nobody questions the talk page, feel free to delete the questionable content. Unfortunately, this is not spelled out for new users yet. In the scope of ideology, a liberal would find fault with every conservative sentence. So there may be citation requests on other pages but it is not an acceptable form of contribution here. Let me know if I can be of any help. --[[User:Jpatt|Jpatt]] 23:47, 3 June 2011 (EDT)
::Perhaps it would be useful to delete the fact tag template all together? [[User:DMorris|DMorris]] 23:49, 3 June 2011 (EDT)
:::I don't know why I didn't think of that. For some reason I thought it was built-in to wikimedia but it's a tag, sure it should be deleted. Will discuss with Aschlafly.--[[User:Jpatt|Jpatt]] 23:52, 3 June 2011 (EDT)

== No rules found for editing a new article ==
The rules encourage discussion of intent of substantial edit of established articles, and discourage taking liberties of simply substantially editing those articles with no prior discussion. But, I have been substantially editing articles which I have created, and which no one else has either edited or commented on ('invisible' editors). Should I discuss with 'invisible' editors my intent of substantial edits of articles in regard to which they are 'invisible'?[[User:PatternOfPersona|PatternOfPersona]] 21:09, 6 June 2011 (EDT)
:The short answer is no. Discussions will be made upon disagreements. Substantial edits to established articles need not require approval either. Though if you are deleting content instead of adding to or replacing a viewpoint, then you will face resistance from other contributors and reverts. Hope that helps. --[[User:Jpatt|Jpatt]] 21:17, 6 June 2011 (EDT)

== Uncited Sentences ==
"[[Conservapedia:Footnotes_-_technical_help#Completely_Uncited_Article_or_Completely_Uncited_Section_of_an_Article|If a sentence needs to be cited please use the "fact" template at the end of the sentence.]]" I'm only following Conservapedia protocol. -[[User:StudioFire|StudioFire]] 00:14, 11 June 2011 (EDT)

I also suggest that you reread the [[Conservapedia:Commandments|Conservapedia Commandments]], which include: "''Everything'' you post must be ''true'' and ''verifiable''." as well as "''Do not post personal opinion'' on an encyclopedia entry." There should be a Commandment for Ad hoc reasoning, seeing as how that seems to justify much of the content on this site...[[User:StudioFire|StudioFire]] 00:25, 11 June 2011 (EDT)
:That includes you, StudioFire. [[User:Karajou|Karajou]] 00:56, 11 June 2011 (EDT)

::Thanks for the immature response StudioFail which proves the reasoning on the fact tags. We allow content from liberals but if we let them add citation requests- they'll find something wrong with every page.--[[User:Jpatt|Jpatt]] 10:08, 11 June 2011 (EDT)

== revision delete ==

What's the point of oversighting vandals if all they do is blank the page?--[[User:CamilleT|CamilleT]] 15:29, 19 June 2011 (EDT)

:Aesthetics, red links are messy. Just so you know, France won the 100 year war between England and most of their colonial wars in Africa.--[[User:Jpatt|Jpatt]] 16:07, 19 June 2011 (EDT)
:: <nowiki>:D</nowiki> I've a feeling that French military history is going to be something of a meme around my presence. Someone who dislikes France might say France took their time kicking the British out during the 100 years war. Someone who likes France would then refer you to William the Conqueror. Then we'd be told that William the Conqueror doesn't count, because he wasn't French, he was a Normand. Never mind that because of his conquest of England English courts spoke French for 300 years after his death. The whole subject is rather tired to me. I've never been one for Patriotism, either for France or the USA. I know better than to associate myself with the failures and achievements of others just because we share an ethnic group or political boundaries.--[[User:CamilleT|CamilleT]] 16:18, 19 June 2011 (EDT)

== Dike! ==

What brought on that reversion to a perfectly innocuous edit? --[[User:XavierC|XavierC]] 21:12, 27 June 2011 (EDT)

Dike

2011-06-28T01:11:16Z

XavierC:

A '''dike''' is a sheet-shaped [[igneous rock|igneous]] [[intrusion]]. Cuts across existing [[rock]] structures.<ref>Pellant, Chris. ''The Complete Book of Rocks and Minerals'', Dorling Kindersley Inc.: New York (1995). 250.</ref>

A '''dike''' (also spelled '''dyke'''<ref>[http://www.thefreedictionary.com/dike The Free Dictionary - definition of '''dike''']</ref>) is also an elongated raised earthen mound used as a flood defence or to protect reclaimed land (see [[Polder]]).

==References==
<references/>

[[category:Volcanology]]

Dike

2011-06-28T01:01:58Z

XavierC:

A '''dike''' is a sheet-shaped [[igneous rock|igneous]] [[intrusion]]. Cuts across existing [[rock]] structures.<ref>Pellant, Chris. ''The Complete Book of Rocks and Minerals'', Dorling Kindersley Inc.: New York (1995). 250.</ref>

A '''dike''' (also spelled '''dyke''')is also an elongated raised earthen mound used as a flood defence or to protect reclaimed land (see [[Polder]]).

==References==
<references/>

[[category:Volcanology]]

Talk:Essay: Penn Jillette, don't just stand there! Do something!

2011-06-28T00:58:43Z

XavierC:

== Conservative, don't just stand there! Do something ==
Hey Conservative! You criticise Penn Jillete for not debating. He probably doesn't even know you exist. If you are itching for a debate then why not debate me? I challenged you on [[Conservapedia:Community_Portal#Rabbit_holes|Conservapedia:Community_Portal]] and you appear to have chickened out. And yet you persist in calling other people cowards. I suggest that either you debate me or you go around this site and remove all of the references that you have posted about other people being cowardly for not debating. If there is one thing I can't stand it's a hypocrite. --[[User:XavierC|XavierC]] 20:58, 27 June 2011 (EDT)

AE2

2011-06-27T22:26:58Z

XavierC:

[[Image:Aetwo.gif|right|200px]]

'''HMAS AE2''' was an E Class [[submarine]] of the [[Royal Australian Navy]]. It was originally built in the [[UK]] and travelled out to Australia in company with its sister ship '''HMAS AE1'''. In 1915, captained by Lieutenant Commander Henry Hugh Gordon Dacre Stoker D.S.O., R.N., AE2 was the first submarine to successfully penetrate the [[Dardanelles]] and enter the [[Sea of Marmara]] during the ill fated allied campaign on the [[Gallipoli]] peninsula in [[Turkey]].

After six days in the Sea of Marmara she was sunk by the Turks and her crew captured.

== References ==

http://www.navy.gov.au/spc/history/ships/ae2.html

[[Category:World War I]]
[[Category:Warships]]

FEC v. Massachusetts Citizens for Life, Inc.

2011-06-27T22:01:19Z

XavierC: Grammar

In '''''FEC v. Massachusetts Citizens for Life, Inc.''''', 479 U.S. 238 (1986) (known as "MCFL"), the [[U.S. Supreme Court]] declared that a ban in the [[Federal Election Campaign Act]] of 1971 (FECA) on corporate electoral spending as applied to a defined class of corporate entities was unconstitutional.
[[category:United States Supreme Court Cases]]

Counterexamples to an Old Earth

2011-06-27T21:49:10Z

XavierC: Undo revision 883569 by Truediesel (talk) That is no way to deal with this.

Just becaues you think we're so important that we must be the children of a god, dosent make it fact. We are children of the universe, and with it we are all one.== Counterexamples ==
The growing list of counterexamples to the theory of an [[Old Earth]] includes:

=== Astronomy ===
# The [[moon|Moon's]] orbit is a very strong counterxample: The moon is receding from the [[Earth]] at a rate<ref>"Measurements show that the Moon is receding from Earth at a rate of about 3.8 centimeters per year." [http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEhelp/ApolloLaser.html Measuring the Moon's Distance] ''Apollo Laser Ranging Experiments Yield Results'' by Fred Espenak, GSFC Planetary Systems Laboratory (LPI Bulletin, No. 72, August, 1994).</ref> that would have placed it too close to the Earth merely four billion years ago, causing instability in its orbit, tidal catastrophes on Earth, and other problems that would have prevented the Earth and the Moon being as they are today. Additionally, the [[moon]]'s orbit is becoming increasingly and unexpectedly eccentric, suggesting a lack of long-term stability.<ref>http://arxiv.org/abs/1102.0212</ref> This disproves the theory of an [[Old Earth]] even further.
# [[Spiral galaxies]] appear to be young, and only implausible proposals of the existence of [[dark matter]] can reconcile the spirals with a belief in an old universe.
# The planetary orbits in the Solar System - including Earth's - are unstable and unsustainable over the long periods claimed by Old Earth believers.<ref>[http://www.newsweek.com/id/201582 Newsweek: "An embarrassing little secret of astronomy ...."]. (Newsweek has inexplicably taken down its article, but it is quoted by Google and other links)</ref><ref>[http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7248/full/nature08096.html Existence of collisional trajectories of Mercury, Mars and Venus with the Earth] by J. Laskar & M. Gastineau, ''Nature'' 459, 817-819 (11 June 2009). Believers in an Old Earth speculate that the instability would not result in problems in a billion years, but other computer simulations could be developed to demonstrate multi-body instability for the solar system far more recent than that.</ref>
# At least one [[spiral galaxy]] spins in the direction opposite to the spin of its tail, suggesting an age too young to have generated the tail and contradicting the theory that the tails of spiral galaxies were formed over a long period of time.<ref>[http://www.unisci.com/stories/20021/0207023.htm "Hubble Shows Galaxy Rotating In The Wrong Direction"]</ref>
# The primary reaction in the [[Sun]] is the fusing of [[hydrogen]] to make [[helium]], but the ratio of these remains is too high for the Sun to have been burning for millions of years.

=== Biology ===
# The intelligence of humans is rapidly declining, whether measured by SAT scores,<ref>SAT scores have been rapidly decreasing in real terms.</ref> music, personal letters,<ref>E.g., Civil War letters.</ref> quality of political debates,<ref>E.g., contrast the Lincoln-Douglas debates with debates today.</ref> the quality of news articles,<ref>''The Federalist'' was written for the newspaper audience in the late 1780s, but is far too intellectual for newspapers today.</ref> and many other measures.
# The age of onset of [[puberty|sexual maturity]] is rapidly changing, suggesting that life is in a short-term rather than long-term equilibrium.<ref>For evidence of a rapidly changing age for sexual maturity in fish, see http://icesjms.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/46/3/235</ref>
# The high observed rate of [[extinctions of species]]<ref>[http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-10-26/animals-face-extinction-threat-as-conservation-efforts-slow-report-says.html One in five species are at risk of extinction]</ref> and harmful [[genetic mutation]]s suggest a relatively short period for the existence of life rather than a long one.
# The age of onset of graying of hair or balding is rapidly decreasing, with many teenagers now experiencing baldness or premature graying ([[CNN]]'s [[Anderson Cooper]] began graying as a teenager and was fully gray long before age 40);<ref name="Graying">http://articles.sfgate.com/2006-06-18/living/17299704_1_hair-taylor-hicks-american-idol</ref> many celebrities (such as [[American Idol]] winner Taylor Hicks graying in his 20s)<ref name="Graying"/> and athletes (such as Cal Ripken, Jr. graying and balding in his mid-30s)<ref>"There's a man, close-cropped gray hair, looks older than 35": Sports Illustrated's description of Cal Ripken at 35. [http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1163438/index.htm#ixzz12ONbgydd] By age 50 he was bald too.</ref> increasingly experience premature graying or balding.
# The age of onset of [[cancer]] is markedly decreasing,<ref>http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/109865519/abstract?CRETRY=1&SRETRY=0</ref> suggesting rapid changes inconsistent with an alleged long existence to life.
# The oldest direct evidence of life -- written documents, clothing, remnants of civilizations, tree rings, etc. -- is no older than about 3000 B.C.
# The number of natural, pure-bred bred dogs declines over time as dogs naturally crossbreed; a short period of time is suggested by the fact that there are over 100 different natural, pure breeds of dog thriving today.
# Lack of genetic diversity among the ''Homo sapiens'' species. Were evolution and the old earth true, the human population would show a much larger genetic variance.<ref>http://www.godandscience.org/evolution/descent.html#rpafAHIwKHS7</ref>
# Frequent occurrences of massive deaths of birds and fish, which if extrapolated over millions of years would result in little or no such life today.<ref>http://abclocal.go.com/wabc/story?section=news/technology&id=7884786</ref>
# The separation between salt and freshwater fish, coupled with their inability to survive in the opposing environment not only suggests a global flood but also shows that evolution has not allowed them to spread further than ever intended

=== Geology ===
[[Image:516XZRGNCKL AA240 .jpg|right|300px]]
[[William R. Corliss]] is a cataloger of scientific [[Anomaly|anomalies]] (observations and facts that challenge prevailing scientific [[paradigm]]s) and has published many works on the subject.<ref name="sf">[http://www.science-frontiers.com/ Science Frontiers] (Corliss' web-site)</ref>
He also wrote 13 books for the [[National Aeronautics and Space Administration]] (NASA), a dozen educational booklets for the [[Atomic Energy Commission]] (AEC), and a dozen articles for the [[National Science Foundation]] (NSF). <ref>Corliss, 2002</ref> The science magazine ''[[New Scientist]]'' had an article which focused on the career of William Corliss.<ref>Adrian Hope, ''Finding a Home for Stray Fact'', New Scientist, July 14, 1977, p. 83</ref>
''New Scientist'' wrote regarding Corliss's work: "All I can say to Corliss is carry on cataloging". <ref>Quoted on the [http://www.science-frontiers.com/sourcebk.htm Science Frontiers web-site]</ref> [[Arthur C. Clarke]] described Corliss as "[[Charles Fort|Fort]]'s latter-day - and much more scientific - successor."<ref>Clarke, Arthur C. (1990) ''Astounding Days: A Science Fictional Autobiography''. Gollancz. Page 110</ref>

Corliss's work on geological anomalies catalogs scores of anomalies which challenge the [[old-Earth]] [[paradigm]].<ref>[http://www.science-frontiers.com/sourcebk.htm#Geology Geological Catalogs] (Science Frontiers)</ref>

Other examples include:

# The continued existence of fragile natural arches without having collapsed a short time period for erosion and stresses on them.<ref>http://www.naturalarches.org/big9.htm</ref>
# An extrapolation of time between the collapse of weaker arches<ref>http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/08/11/AR2008081102290.html</ref> with still-standing stronger arches supports a young earth age.
# The massive [[Great Lakes]] and freshwater lakes near the equator could not exist for millions of years, and several of these lakes are rapidly receding in volume; the third largest saltwater lake, Oroumieh Lake, could completely evaporate within the next five years.<ref>http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20110525/ap_on_re_mi_ea/ml_iran_environmental_disaster</ref>
# The existence of inland saltwater lakes at high altitudes, such as [[Mono Lake]] and the [[Great Salt Lake]], suggest a recent global [[flood]].
# The plentiful supply of high concentrations of underground well water, which would be expected based on familiar principles of [[entropy]] to dissipate over a long period of time.
# The relative purity of underground well water, which should be a muddy slurry had millions of years of erosion taken place.
# Earthquakes alter the Earth's rotation several times each century;<ref>http://www.redorbit.com/news/science/2010872/japan_quake_changed_earths_rotation/</ref> extrapolating by orders of magnitude in time would have resulted in the occurrence of much larger earthquakes that would have destabilized the rotation<ref>A similar analysis may be performed for the likelihood of devastating collisions with meteors as time is extrapolated by orders of magnitude.</ref>
# The lack of erosion between rock layers.<ref>http://www.amazon.com/review/R1WTZL8GG4H9K0</ref><ref>http://www.knowthebible.net/id115.html</ref>
# Levels of contamination in water are rising, as water proceeds through the [[water cycle]] it becomes progressively more contaminated. If earth (and life) had existed for billions of years, a limit would have long been reached where water (essential to life) was too contaminated for life to continue.
# [[Paraconformity]] and unconformity such as that seen at the [[Grand Canyon]] disprove the [[uniformitarianism (science)|uniformitarian]] view of earth history.
# All [[carbon dating]] of water supplies, even the most ancient and the deepest underground reservoirs, result in relatively young ages,<ref>http://www.betalabservices.com/PDF/Geyh.pdf</ref> and no water has been found suggesting an Old Earth.
# The ratio of strontium isotopes in seawater, which should change due to long-term erosion, has varied by only 0.35% throughout history. In fact, its value today is exactly the same as in the oldest samples, which are claimed to be from 500 million years ago.
# The interior of the earth is heated by decay of radioactive isotopes, which could not possibly still be persisting in sufficient quantities after 5 billion, or even half a billion, years.
# The relatively recent separation of the still-moving continents from one land mass -- denied for 100 years by [[atheist]]s before they accepted it -- suggest a young earth or at least a relatively recent cataclysmic event.
# Fresh tracks of motion by stationary rocks are still visible in some areas, which have baffled Old Earth scientists for more than 60 years; Old Earth magazines refer to them as "self-moving rocks."<ref>http://www.usnews.com/science/articles/2011/02/18/rafting-for-rocks?s_cid=rss:rafting-for-rocks</ref>
# Beaches have long been eroding far too quickly for the Old Earth theory; "between 80 and 90 percent of the sandy beaches along America’s coastlines have been eroding for decades," sometimes by as much as 50 feet per year.<ref>http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=what-causes-beach-erosion</ref>
# Land is sinking into the oceans at a rate of at least 7 inches per century,<ref>http://www.app.com/article/20110319/NJNEWS/103190327/Global-warming-rising-seas-threaten-New-Jersey-expert-says</ref> which would have rendered most of the United States under water if the Earth were not young.
# The flow of water in the [[Colorado River]] has been declining since the early 20th century, even after usage is considered, and the man-made Lake Mead is at risk of drying up on the next decade.<ref>http://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/13/us/13mead.html</ref>

=== Science & Discovery ===
# A stalemate of significant and valid discoveries in the last several decades.<ref>Though there has been some progress in this timeframe, many of the "discoveries" are liberal propaganda, or are scientifically weak.</ref>

== Recommended books ==

*[[William R. Corliss]], Anomalies in Geology: Physical, Chemical, Biological (A Catalog of Geological Anomalies), 1989. ISBN 915554-23-2
*William R. Corliss Neglected Geological Anomalies, 1990. ISBN 915554-24-0
*William R. CorlissInner Earth: A Search for Anomalies (A Catalog of Geological Anomalies), 1991. ISBN 915554-25-9
*William R. Corliss, Carolina Bays, Mima Mounds, Submarine Canyons (A Catalog of Geological Anomalies), 1988. ISBN 915554-22-4

== External links ==
*[http://creation.com/age-of-the-earth Age of the earth -101 evidences for a young earth and universe] by [[Creation Ministries International]]
*[http://creation.com/refuting-evolution-chapter-8-how-old-is-the-earth How old is the earth?] - ''Refuting evolution'' - Chapter 8 by Dr. [[Jonathan Sarfati]] at [[Creation Ministries International]]
*[http://www.preteristcentral.com/Debunking%20Old%20Earth%20Creationism%20&%20a%20Regional%20Flood.html Debunking the Old Earth Theory]

== Footnotes ==

<references/>

== See also ==

*[[Counterexamples to Evolution]]
*[[Counterexamples to the Bible]]
*[[Counterexamples to Relativity]]
*[[Radiometric dating]]
[[Category:geology]]

Single payer

2011-06-27T21:24:00Z

XavierC:

'''Single Payer''' refers to a [[health care]] system having only one payer, typically government, of all health care expenses. That payer would rely on tax revenues and perhaps some insurance premiums to fund its reimbursements and costs.

Switzerland, which has mandatory health insurance, rejected a proposal to adopt a single payer system on March 11, 2007.<ref>http://www.businessinsurance.com/cgi-bin/news.pl?newsId=9723</ref> 71% of voters opposed it. Switzerland currently has 87 different private health plans.

[[David Hogberg]] wrote:
* A single-payer [[health care system]] is one in which a single-entity -- the government -- collects almost all of the revenue for and pays almost all of the bills for the health care system. In most single-payer systems only a small percentage of health care expenses are paid for with private funds. Countries that have a single-payer system include Australia, Canada, Sweden and the United Kingdom. <ref> [http://www.freemarketcure.com/singlepayermyths.php The Myths of Single-Payer Health Care] - [[David Hogberg]] </ref>

Single-payer is popular among the political left in the United States.

==See also==
*[[Universal health care]]

== References ==

<references/>

[[Category:Health promotion]]
[[Category:Marxist terminology]]

Kenneth Gladney

2011-06-27T21:23:10Z

XavierC:

'''Kenneth Gladney''' is an [[African-American]] [[Tea Party Movement]] member who, on August 6, 2009, was beaten and accosted by three [[SEIU]] members.

==External Links==
*[http://www.thefoxnation.com/justice/2010/07/08/naacp-uncle-tom-kenneth-gladney-not-black-enough-protect NAACP: 'Uncle Tom' Kenneth Gladney 'Not Black Enough' to Protect]
*[http://biggovernment.com/jhoft/2009/11/25/breaking-charges-filed-in-kenneth-gladney-case/ Breaking: Charges Filed in Kenneth Gladney Case]

[[Category: Tea Party Movement]]
[[Category: Conservatives]]