Conservapedia - User contributions [en]

Diphtheria

2008-02-11T20:12:59Z

Suzismoothmoves:

'''Diphtheria''' is a [[bacteria]]l [[disease]] marked by the formation of a false membrane, especially in the throat, which can be fatal.<ref>http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/about/terms/glossary.htm#d</ref>
While once widespread, the disease has been pretty much eradicated in developed countries thanks to a vaccine.

==References==
<references/>

[[category:Diseases]]

Nelson Mandela

2008-02-11T05:14:48Z

Suzismoothmoves:

[[Image:Mandela2.jpg|right|thumb]]

Nelson Mandela is a black South African leader who fought hard against apartheid up until he was imprisoned in 1964. He was released in 1990 and went on to become South Africa's first democratically elected president in 1994.

== Early Life and Political Socialization ==

'''Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela''' was born July 18, 1918 in the Transkei. Almost immediately, we see Mandela plunged into political life, as his father was the ‘right hand man’ to the Acting Paramount Chief of Thembuland (ANC archive). Although the reasons as to his political socialization are evident and obvious, one ought to consider the ramifications of his environment; for instance, it can be argued that the class system in South Africa erupted his ideals: “Ideologies and ideologists arise in class-divided societies…” (Ball and Dagger) If this is true, then it is vital to speak of Mandela and apartheid as two sides to the same coin.

Mandela’s primary education began in a local mission school, and his secondary education was completed in a Wesleyan institute in Healdtown. Around this time, he began to see many of the cases in the Chief’s courts, many involving apartheid issues, and this primed him to want to become a lawyer instead of taking his father’s place in Thembuland politics (ANC archive).

Mandela’s earliest political experience came while enrolled at the University College of Fort Hare, where he was working to obtain a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree. While at the college, he was elected to a student political organization known as the Student’s Representative Council. Soon after, Mandela was expelled for participating in a protest on campus (ANC archive). Because of this, Mandela attended Johannesburg where he finally obtained his BA. Soon after, he joined the [[African National Congress]] in 1942, during the height of [[World War II]].
Nelson Mandela’s personal fixation with freedom propped him to work with many other members of the African National Congress to form a group under the leadership of a colleague, Anton Lembede (ANC archive). The group’s main focus was to change the African National Congress into a mass movement, including all people from the highest urban buildings to the lowest rural countryside. Indeed, one can certainly see where the man’s priorities with freedom had come from.

Mandela was instrumental in many political endeavors, many of which anti-apartheid movements such as the Programme of Action, a policy based initiative which was founded on the non-violent weapons of “boycott, strike, civil disobedience and non-co-operation” (ANC archive). This eventually became the namesake of the African National Congress.

And yet, some of our greatest leaders and role models have to resort to evil in order to do good. Mandela, being no exception to this, was the leader of an armed resistance group known as Umkhonto we Sizwe, formed in 1962. Mandela explains his reasoning:

“At the beginning of June 1961, after long and anxious assessment of the South African situation, I and some colleagues came to the conclusion that as long violence in this country was inevitable, it would be wrong and unrealistic for African leaders to continue preaching peace and non-violence at a time when the government met our peaceful demands with force.” –Nelson Mandela (ANC archive)

It was this notion, along with strong governmental apartheid sentiment that would eventually land Nelson R. Mandela behind bars.

== Mandela in Prison ==

In contrast to his peaceful methods, Nelson Mandela, like many political activists, eventually found himself imprisoned. He was sent to the notorious Robben Island Prison where he would eventually serve twenty seven years (Battersby). He was one of the many victims of the Treason Trial. After the trial, the African National Congress was banned, and the already convicted Mandela was sentenced to prison.

Mandela was in prison for twenty seven years, during which he endured a radical transformation. Mandela, by self-admittance, had a temper problem prior to being incarcerated. During prison, however, he had to learn to control his anger. “One was angry,” says Mandela, “at what was happening [in apartheid in South Africa]- the humiliation, the loss of our human dignity. We tended to react in accordance with anger and our emotion rather than sitting down and thinking about things properly” (Battersby).

Nelson Mandela claimed it was the solitude in the prison cell that allowed one to think to oneself, allowing the nerves to become calm. In addition, many of Mandela’s prison mates were well-educated, well-traveled individuals. “When they told you of their experiences,” Mandela says, “you felt humbled” (Battersby). Mandela, while in prison, was also instrumental in the transformation of Robben Island from a ‘criminal’ prison to a ‘student’ prison.
Mandela had chances to prove his political worth while in prison, as well. During the seventies, Mandela was offered remission of his sentence if he recognized the apartheid racially segregated region of Transkei. He refused. Later, during the eighties, Mandela was given a second opportunity at remission, only this time he was asked to renounce the violence that some of his groups partook in. He, again, refused (ANC archive).

Indeed, during his prison time, Mandela proved to be a prime example of a strong believer in principle, while at the same time erupting as a shining light to others suffering alongside him.

==Mandela is Released==

Mandela, stepping out of his prison cell, faced a newly changed South Africa through the eyes of a newly changed man. Shortly after being released, Mandela and his colleagues agreed on the suspension of the armed struggle (Umkhonto we Sizwe). He was officially released from prison in 1990, and was eventually elected President of the African National Congress in 1991 (ANC archive). Later, in 1994, he was democratically elected President of the State of [[South Africa]].

Before retiring from public life in June of 1999, he had received over fifty honorary degrees at prestigious universities all over the world, and was chancellor of the University of the North (ANC archive).
Elsewhere in the world, Mandela has made several attempts to make peace, even with nations outside his personal safety realm. For instance, in October of 1999, Mandela met with leaders from Iran, Syria, Jordan, Israel, Gaza, and the United States. Although Mandela found these numerous meetings to be pleasant, he did mention that the [[Israeli]] prime minister, [[Ehud Barak]], rejected Mandela’s intervention into the conflict (Battersby).
Mandela went on to win the Nobel Peace Prize, in a respect, as a representative of those who stand for peace and combat racism. Mandela, in the wake of this, regards his winning of the Peace Prize as a tribute to the people of Norway who stood against apartheid for so many years while so many more remained silent (ANC archive).
Certainly, Nelson Mandela’s political career after prison is one which many could be both envious of, while at the same time stand in awe at such greatness.

==Mandela and President Bush==

In a September, 2007 speech defending the Iraq war, [[George W. Bush]] blamed Mandela's death on [[Saddam Hussein]]. Mandela was, in fact, still alive.<ref>[http://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20070921/wl_nm/safrica_mandela_bush_dc Mandela still alive after embarrassing Bush remark ]</ref>

==Closing Thoughts==

Nelson R. Mandela, in the wake of political turmoil, was one man who was both willing and able to stand up and fight back. Indeed, we can see how the man developed his legacy through his activist years, his years in prison, and his much more elaborate life afterwards.

== Notes ==

Ball, Terence, and Richard Dagger. Ideals and Ideologies. Fifth ed. Pearson Education,
2004.

Battersby, John. "Mandela." Christian Science Monitor (2000)
"Birth of Freedom." Ed. Jon E. Lewis. New York: Gramercy Books.

Denenberg, Barry. No Easy Walk to Freedom. Ca-Print Harcourt Heinamann.

"Profile of Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela." African National Congress Archive

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mandela, Nelson}}

[[Category:Heads of state]]
[[Category:Nobel laureates in Peace]]

==References==

<references/>

Nelson Mandela

2008-02-11T05:10:32Z

Suzismoothmoves: Copy and pasted an essay for school! Removed section that had nothing to do with N.M.

[[Image:Mandela2.jpg|right|thumb]]

In the face of adversity, this man has become synonymous with racial equality, while at the same time taking on many lesser known endeavors. We will journey into the biography of the man himself, by examining his early education and political formation, his time in prison, and his work accomplished afterwards.

== Early Life and Political Socialization ==

'''Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela''' was born July 18, 1918 in the Transkei. Almost immediately, we see Mandela plunged into political life, as his father was the ‘right hand man’ to the Acting Paramount Chief of Thembuland (ANC archive). Although the reasons as to his political socialization are evident and obvious, one ought to consider the ramifications of his environment; for instance, it can be argued that the class system in South Africa erupted his ideals: “Ideologies and ideologists arise in class-divided societies…” (Ball and Dagger) If this is true, then it is vital to speak of Mandela and apartheid as two sides to the same coin.

Mandela’s primary education began in a local mission school, and his secondary education was completed in a Wesleyan institute in Healdtown. Around this time, he began to see many of the cases in the Chief’s courts, many involving apartheid issues, and this primed him to want to become a lawyer instead of taking his father’s place in Thembuland politics (ANC archive).

Mandela’s earliest political experience came while enrolled at the University College of Fort Hare, where he was working to obtain a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree. While at the college, he was elected to a student political organization known as the Student’s Representative Council. Soon after, Mandela was expelled for participating in a protest on campus (ANC archive). Because of this, Mandela attended Johannesburg where he finally obtained his BA. Soon after, he joined the [[African National Congress]] in 1942, during the height of [[World War II]].
Nelson Mandela’s personal fixation with freedom propped him to work with many other members of the African National Congress to form a group under the leadership of a colleague, Anton Lembede (ANC archive). The group’s main focus was to change the African National Congress into a mass movement, including all people from the highest urban buildings to the lowest rural countryside. Indeed, one can certainly see where the man’s priorities with freedom had come from.

Mandela was instrumental in many political endeavors, many of which anti-apartheid movements such as the Programme of Action, a policy based initiative which was founded on the non-violent weapons of “boycott, strike, civil disobedience and non-co-operation” (ANC archive). This eventually became the namesake of the African National Congress.

And yet, some of our greatest leaders and role models have to resort to evil in order to do good. Mandela, being no exception to this, was the leader of an armed resistance group known as Umkhonto we Sizwe, formed in 1962. Mandela explains his reasoning:

“At the beginning of June 1961, after long and anxious assessment of the South African situation, I and some colleagues came to the conclusion that as long violence in this country was inevitable, it would be wrong and unrealistic for African leaders to continue preaching peace and non-violence at a time when the government met our peaceful demands with force.” –Nelson Mandela (ANC archive)

It was this notion, along with strong governmental apartheid sentiment that would eventually land Nelson R. Mandela behind bars.

== Mandela in Prison ==

In contrast to his peaceful methods, Nelson Mandela, like many political activists, eventually found himself imprisoned. He was sent to the notorious Robben Island Prison where he would eventually serve twenty seven years (Battersby). He was one of the many victims of the Treason Trial. After the trial, the African National Congress was banned, and the already convicted Mandela was sentenced to prison.

Mandela was in prison for twenty seven years, during which he endured a radical transformation. Mandela, by self-admittance, had a temper problem prior to being incarcerated. During prison, however, he had to learn to control his anger. “One was angry,” says Mandela, “at what was happening [in apartheid in South Africa]- the humiliation, the loss of our human dignity. We tended to react in accordance with anger and our emotion rather than sitting down and thinking about things properly” (Battersby).

Nelson Mandela claimed it was the solitude in the prison cell that allowed one to think to oneself, allowing the nerves to become calm. In addition, many of Mandela’s prison mates were well-educated, well-traveled individuals. “When they told you of their experiences,” Mandela says, “you felt humbled” (Battersby). Mandela, while in prison, was also instrumental in the transformation of Robben Island from a ‘criminal’ prison to a ‘student’ prison.
Mandela had chances to prove his political worth while in prison, as well. During the seventies, Mandela was offered remission of his sentence if he recognized the apartheid racially segregated region of Transkei. He refused. Later, during the eighties, Mandela was given a second opportunity at remission, only this time he was asked to renounce the violence that some of his groups partook in. He, again, refused (ANC archive).

Indeed, during his prison time, Mandela proved to be a prime example of a strong believer in principle, while at the same time erupting as a shining light to others suffering alongside him.

==Mandela is Released==

Mandela, stepping out of his prison cell, faced a newly changed South Africa through the eyes of a newly changed man. Shortly after being released, Mandela and his colleagues agreed on the suspension of the armed struggle (Umkhonto we Sizwe). He was officially released from prison in 1990, and was eventually elected President of the African National Congress in 1991 (ANC archive). Later, in 1994, he was democratically elected President of the State of [[South Africa]].

Before retiring from public life in June of 1999, he had received over fifty honorary degrees at prestigious universities all over the world, and was chancellor of the University of the North (ANC archive).
Elsewhere in the world, Mandela has made several attempts to make peace, even with nations outside his personal safety realm. For instance, in October of 1999, Mandela met with leaders from Iran, Syria, Jordan, Israel, Gaza, and the United States. Although Mandela found these numerous meetings to be pleasant, he did mention that the [[Israeli]] prime minister, [[Ehud Barak]], rejected Mandela’s intervention into the conflict (Battersby).
Mandela went on to win the Nobel Peace Prize, in a respect, as a representative of those who stand for peace and combat racism. Mandela, in the wake of this, regards his winning of the Peace Prize as a tribute to the people of Norway who stood against apartheid for so many years while so many more remained silent (ANC archive).
Certainly, Nelson Mandela’s political career after prison is one which many could be both envious of, while at the same time stand in awe at such greatness.

==Mandela and President Bush==

In a September, 2007 speech defending the Iraq war, [[George W. Bush]] blamed Mandela's death on [[Saddam Hussein]]. Mandela was, in fact, still alive.<ref>[http://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20070921/wl_nm/safrica_mandela_bush_dc Mandela still alive after embarrassing Bush remark ]</ref>

==Closing Thoughts==

Nelson R. Mandela, in the wake of political turmoil, was one man who was both willing and able to stand up and fight back. Indeed, we can see how the man developed his legacy through his activist years, his years in prison, and his much more elaborate life afterwards.

== Notes ==

Ball, Terence, and Richard Dagger. Ideals and Ideologies. Fifth ed. Pearson Education,
2004.

Battersby, John. "Mandela." Christian Science Monitor (2000)
"Birth of Freedom." Ed. Jon E. Lewis. New York: Gramercy Books.

Denenberg, Barry. No Easy Walk to Freedom. Ca-Print Harcourt Heinamann.

"Profile of Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela." African National Congress Archive

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mandela, Nelson}}

[[Category:Heads of state]]
[[Category:Nobel laureates in Peace]]

==References==

<references/>

User:Suzismoothmoves

2008-02-11T01:00:15Z

Suzismoothmoves:

I do dig this site, but I have to say grammar is FAR better on wikipedia.

{{User nobias}}

{{User patriot questions authority}}

{{User guns harm}}

User:Suzismoothmoves

2008-02-11T00:58:57Z

Suzismoothmoves:

I do dig this site, but I have to say grammar is FAR better on wikipedia.

{{UB|free software}}

{{User nobias}}

{{User patriot questions authority}}

{{User guns harm}}

User:Suzismoothmoves

2008-02-11T00:55:13Z

Suzismoothmoves:

I do dig this site, but I have to say grammar is FAR better on wikipedia.

{{UB|free software}}

{{User nobias}}

User:Suzismoothmoves

2008-02-11T00:54:59Z

Suzismoothmoves:

I do dig this site, but I have to say grammar is FAR better on wikipedia.

{{free software}}

{{User nobias}}

User:Suzismoothmoves

2008-02-11T00:54:45Z

Suzismoothmoves:

I do dig this site, but I have to say grammar is FAR better on wikipedia.

{{UB|free software}}

{{User nobias}}

User:Suzismoothmoves

2008-02-11T00:52:51Z

Suzismoothmoves:

I do dig this site, but I have to say grammar is FAR better on wikipedia.

{{UB|free software}}

{{UB|user Evo}}

User:Suzismoothmoves

2008-02-11T00:52:17Z

Suzismoothmoves:

I do dig this site, but I have to say grammar is FAR better on wikipedia.

{{UB|free software}}

{{UB|user evo}}

User:Suzismoothmoves

2008-02-11T00:50:45Z

Suzismoothmoves:

I do dig this site, but I have to say grammar is FAR better on wikipedia.

{{UB|free software}}

User:Suzismoothmoves

2008-02-11T00:50:28Z

Suzismoothmoves:

I do dig this site, but I have to say grammar is FAR better on wikipedia.

{{UB|user critical}}

User:Suzismoothmoves

2008-02-11T00:49:23Z

Suzismoothmoves:

I do dig this site, but I have to say grammar is FAR better on wikipedia.

{{free software}}

{{user critical}}

User:Suzismoothmoves

2008-02-11T00:49:01Z

Suzismoothmoves:

I do dig this site, but I have to say grammar is FAR better on wikipedia.

{{UB|free software}}

{{UB|user critical}}

User:Suzismoothmoves

2008-02-11T00:48:02Z

Suzismoothmoves:

I do dig this site, but I have to say grammar is FAR better on wikipedia.

{{UB|free software}}

User:Suzismoothmoves

2008-02-11T00:47:40Z

Suzismoothmoves:

I do dig this site, but I have to say grammar is FAR better on wikipedia.

{{UB|user Critical}}

{{UB|free software}}

User:Suzismoothmoves

2008-02-11T00:47:08Z

Suzismoothmoves:

I do dig this site, but I have to say grammar is FAR better on wikipedia.
{{UB|user Critical}}

{{User free software}}

User:Suzismoothmoves

2008-02-11T00:45:25Z

Suzismoothmoves:

I do dig this site, but I have to say grammar is FAR better on wikipedia. Perhaps that says something about home-schooling?

{{UB|Christian1}}

User:Suzismoothmoves

2008-02-11T00:40:47Z

Suzismoothmoves: New page: I do dig this site, but I have to say grammar is FAR better on wikipedia. Perhaps that says something about home-schooling?

I do dig this site, but I have to say grammar is FAR better on wikipedia. Perhaps that says something about home-schooling?

Talk:Fertility

2008-02-10T23:23:20Z

Suzismoothmoves: New page: My bad for deleting the section originally. I guess it belongs here. I did edit it though, for clarity and readability.

My bad for deleting the section originally. I guess it belongs here. I did edit it though, for clarity and readability.

Fertility

2008-02-10T23:21:41Z

Suzismoothmoves: Edited "Fertility in religions section" for clarity

'''Fertility''' is a term used to describe something which is fertile and has the ability to grow or reproduce.

[[Human Fertility]] is more commonly associated with women but relates with men as well. The reproduction ability of humans has factors extending to nutrition, sexual behavior, culture, instinct, endocrinology, timing, economics, way of life, and emotions.

==Fertility in religions==

One good example of the role fertility played in religion is the Israelites' use of pagan gods such as golden calves to bring fertility to the lands and their women. In most of Mesopotamia fertile land was essential to one's well-being and survival, so most pagan gods were devoted to fertility and growth.

[[Category:Reproduction]]

Talk:Lemon test

2008-02-10T23:17:36Z

Suzismoothmoves: /* Warren Burger */

== Warren Burger ==

I note that there has been a bit of a battle in relation to the assertion in this article that the late Chief Justice Burger made an admission to one Andrew Schlafly (who I assume is Aschlafly) during a dinner conversation in 1991. I note that one editor removed the sentence claiming that it was hearsay. That is clearly not so (in fact it is one of the few pieces of information on the site that is not hearsay in one form or another). Others have also tried to remove the sentence.

Whilst the sentence is anything but hearsay, it should be removed. Firstly it is essentially irrelevant. A judgment is a judgment. Whether the author of the judgment anticipated how widely it would be used is not a matter of any legal importance whatsoever. In fact it is highly doubtful that any judge would be able to predict with a high degree of accuracy what legal changes might develop from their judgments.

Perhaps, even more fundamentally though, what concerns me is that the posting of this presumably private dinner discussion is that it is not the act of a gentleman. --[[User:Gridley|Gridley]] 00:12, 21 November 2007 (EST)

: Nothing improper about this at all, particularly since [[Warren Burger]] has been deceased for many years.--[[User:Aschlafly|Aschlafly]] 00:26, 21 November 2007 (EST)

:: What's improper is attributing an opinion to a dead person without a quote from a reputable source. [[User:Suzismoothmoves|Suzismoothmoves]] 03:17, 10 February 2008 (PST)

Talk:Lemon test

2008-02-10T23:16:06Z

Suzismoothmoves: /* Warren Burger */

Fertility

2008-02-10T23:04:45Z

Suzismoothmoves: i thought this was Conservapedia, not Biblepedia. This section also read like a second grader's book report.

Transgender activism

2008-02-10T22:56:51Z

Suzismoothmoves: /* Links to homosexuality */

'''Transgender activism''' is based on the premise (or claim) that
a person who feels they have been "born into the wrong body" has a right to a [[sex change]]. Through cosmetics, grooming, [[cross-dressing|clothing]] and an official name change, such a person can adopt the opposite sex's [[gender]] role.

== Links to homosexuality ==
The link between seeking a sex change and [[sexual orientation]] is hotly disputed in the political arena of Western countries, where sex changes have had the most attention and debate. Some transgendered individuals consider themselves homosexual and some are heterosexual.

== Anti-Trans activism ==

Radical Lesbian Feminist Academic [[Janice Raymond]] ascribed Transsexuality to a "Patriarchal Fifth Column", which is "infiltrating womens’ space" and “raping womens’ bodies” in her book ''[[The Transsexual Empire - Making of the She Male]]''. Her report, commissioned by the Carter Administration providing health services to transsexuals, effectively eliminated federal and some states' public aid for anything related to transsexual or transgendered conditions.

[[J. Michael Bailey]], a psychology professor and sex researcher at Northwestern University, published a book called ''[[The Man Who Would Be Queen]]'' which sharply disagrees with commonly proposed transsexual models. Dr. Bailey argued that sex changes are motivated primarily by sexual interests and not by the idea of a [[gender identity]] of one sex in the body of the other.[http://www.bioethics.northwestern.edu/faculty/work/dreger/controversy_tmwwbq.pdf]

Dr. Alice D. Dreger wrote:
*In his work on transsexualism, [[Blanchard]] argued that there are actually two types of male-to-female transsexuals, with autogynephiles being one type and “[[homosexual]] transsexuals” being the other. ... he argued that male-to-female homosexual transsexuals who opt to undergo sex reassignment do so, in part, because being a woman makes more sense than trying to live as a very effeminate man attracted to heterosexual men.[http://www.bioethics.northwestern.edu/faculty/work/dreger/controversy_tmwwbq.pdf]

While critical of the common transsexual model, Bailey states in his book that he believes sex changes should be performed. Homosexual transsexuals being extremely effeminate to begin with come into constant conflict against society's expectations, although after taking up the gender roles of a woman, they are then able to express themselves more naturally, and typically integrate with society better afterwards. Autogynephiles though, do not integrate better with society after changing to a woman, however the empirical evidence shows a typical positive change in the person's mental health, despite their regressing from general society.[http://www.bioethics.northwestern.edu/faculty/work/dreger/controversy_tmwwbq.pdf]

Other notable people who agree with the position that Bailey presents, are [[Anne Lawrence]], and [[Ray Blanchard]]. All of these people have also been subjected to harrassment and intimidation by many transgender activists for presenting a model of transsexuality that they find offensive.

==External links==
*[http://www.bioethics.northwestern.edu/faculty/work/dreger/controversy_tmwwbq.pdf The Controversy Surrounding The Man Who Would Be Queen: A Case History of the Politics of Science, Identity, and Sex in the Internet Age] - Alice D. Dreger, Ph.D.

[[category:politics]]

Lemon test

2008-02-10T22:48:24Z

Suzismoothmoves:

The '''Lemon test''' was set forth in 1971 by the [[U.S. Supreme Court]] to enable suppression of nearly all public recognition of religion with an enormously expanded interpretation of the [[Establishment Clause]] of the [[First Amendment]]. ''[[Lemon v. Kurtzman]]'', 403 U.S. 602 (1971). The test requires that all federal and state laws (1) have a [[secular]] purpose, (2) a primary effect that neither advances nor inhibits [[religion]], and (3) no excessive [[government]] entanglement with religion. If any law violates any part of this three-pronged test, then it will be stricken by the courts and declared unconstitutional.

Lemon test

2008-02-10T22:42:37Z

Suzismoothmoves: An uncited, undocumented (and possibly fabricated) private conversation is not a reference!