Conservapedia - User contributions [en]

Square Enix

2007-09-03T17:01:51Z

Sulgran: categorizing

'''Square Enix''' Company, Limited is a maker of video games based in [[Japan]].

[[Category:Companies]]

Battle of Dogger Bank

2007-09-03T16:56:44Z

Sulgran: Redirecting to Dogger Bank

#REDIRECT [[Dogger Bank]]

Dogger Bank

2007-09-03T16:55:30Z

Sulgran: added links, changed category, ect

'''Dogger Bank''' is an extensive [[sandbank]], around 17,610 sq km, in the central North Sea between Great Britain and Denmark <ref> See [http://encarta.msn.com/map_701512115/Dogger_Bank.html|This map of the Dogger Bank] for the geographical location and some of the more interesting features. </ref> . Important fisheries are located there, notably for [[cod]] and [[red herring]]. <ref> Source: http://www.bartleby.com/65/do/DoggerBa.html (Columbia Encyclopaedia) </ref>

It is also notable for the Battle of Dogger Bank in 1915, where an important battle was fought in the [[World War I]]. On the 23 January 1915 Rear-Admiral Hipper of the German Fleet sailed from the Jade with the 1st and 2nd Scouting Groups of three battlecruisers, the large armored cruiser ''Blücher'' and four light cruisers intending to invade the Dogger Bank and attack any British light forces in the region. On the British side, the battle initially involved the light cruiser ''Aurora'', one of the first [[Royal Navy]] cruisers to operate an aircraft with a runway being fitted over the forecastle. The hope at the time was was to use the aircraft to intercept [[zeppelins]], which had been invading the Dogger Bank. However as was shown in the battle, the aircraft could not climb fast enough, and later on the runway was removed. The ''Aurora'' was joined later in the battle by the a small fleet consisting of the ''Lion'', the ''Tiger'', the ''Princess Royal'', the ''New Zealand'' and the ''Indomitable''. In the end the British fleet prevailed, and the Dogger Bank was retaken.<ref>for a full account of the battle, see: http://www.worldwar1.co.uk/dogger-bank.html</ref>

A second, but far less important "Battle of Dogger Bank" involving [[Greenpeace]] activists occurred in August 2004<ref>see Greenpeace's account on: http://www.greenpeace.org.uk/node/1332</ref>

==References==
<references/>

[[Category: World War I Battles]]
[[Category:Geography]]

Consequentialism

2007-09-03T16:44:52Z

Sulgran: categorizing

'''Consequentialism''' is a philosophical theory summarized as "the ends justify the means."

[[Category:Philosophy]]

Fossil fuel

2007-09-03T16:38:20Z

Sulgran: added link to abiotic oil page

'''Fossil fuels''' - coal, oil and natural gas, are sources of energy that are generally believed to have been formed from the remains of plants and animals that lived long ago<ref>Up to 300 million years ago according to secular geology, or during the [[Great Flood]] according to [[Flood Geology]]</ref> and are thus essentially non-renewable.

There are, however, some scientists who claim that these fuels are found in deposits beneath the earth created through ongoing [[abiotic oil|abiotic]] processes.<ref>J. R. Nyquist, [http://www.financialsense.com/stormwatch/geo/pastanalysis/2006/0508.html Debunking Peak Oil], May 8, 2006 [[Geopolitical]].</ref>

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

Geologists

2007-09-03T16:36:33Z

Sulgran: Redirecting to Geology

#REDIRECT [[Geology]]

Abiotic oil

2007-09-03T16:36:07Z

Sulgran: added interwiki links, slight rewording, removed seemingly unrelated Biblical reference

[[Petroleum]] is believed by most to be formed only from the remains of buried plant or animal material. '''Abiotic [[oil]]''' however might be formed from the reaction of [[carbonates]] with [[iron]] oxide and [[water]] in the region called the [[mantle]], deep in the [[Earth]] where there is a great amount of heat and pressure. Furthermore, the mantle is such a huge reservoir that the amount of reactants consumed in the reaction hasn't depleted it since the formation of the oil. In short, according to this idea petroleum is not a fossil fuel and has no intrinsic connection with plant or animal remains.<ref>J. F. Kenney [http://www.gasresources.net/Introduction.htm An introduction to the modern petroleum science, and to the Russian-Ukrainian theory of deep, abiotic petroleum origins] Russian Academy of Sciences - Joint Institute of The Physics of the Earth.</ref>

There are two theories of abiotic oil:

- The "weak" abiotic oil theory: oil is abiotically formed, but at rates not higher than those that petroleum [[geologists]] assume for oil formation according to the conventional theory.

- The "strong" abiotic theory: oil is formed at a speed sufficient to replace the oil reservoirs as we deplete them, that is, at a rate something like 10,000 times faster than theorized in petroleum geology.

== Biblical references ==

[[Genesis]] 49: 22-26 - "Joseph is a fruitful bough by a well ... blessings of heaven above, blessings of the deep that couches beneath shall be on the head of Joseph, and on the crown of the head."

[[Job]] 29:6 - "When I washed my steps with butter, and the rock poured me out rivers of oil."

== Notes ==
{{reflist}}

Oberammergau

2007-09-02T19:56:37Z

Sulgran: deleting unused template

'''Oberammergau''' is a town in [[Germany]] famous for its production of a [[Passion Play]] since 1634. The town and surrounding area had been struck by the [[Black Death]] ([[bubonic plague]]) in 1632, and the inhabitants vowed to God to perform the Passion Play every ten years if they were spared the worst ravages of the disease. The play is performed over a five month period in the first year of each decade, and involves almost every inhabitant of the town in some way. Besides the Passion Play, since 1932 (with breaks during World War II), Oberammergau hosts a 'living' chess game, in which pieces are 'performed' by people.

The [[anti-Semitic]] nature of the play drew praise from [[Adolf Hitler]] and in more recent years has drawn criticism, particularly from the [[Anti-Defamation League]]<ref>Hitler, who saw the 1934 presentation, praised it as a "precious tool" in the fight against Jews and Judaism. [http://www.adl.org/Interfaith/Oberammergau/Intro.asp ADL] Accessed June 29, 2007</ref> for its portrayal of [[Judaism|Jewish]] characters. In response to the criticism, some changes were made before the 2000 production.

==References==
<references/>

==External links==
*[http://www.oberammergau.de/ot_e/passionplay/ Oberammergau Tourismus] Official website

Category:Camelids

2007-09-02T19:53:50Z

Sulgran: New page: Category:Hoofed mammals

[[Category:Hoofed mammals]]

Indianapolis Colts

2007-06-07T02:40:21Z

Sulgran:

The '''Indianapolis Colts''' are a [[National Football League]] franchise team based in [[Indianapolis]], [[Indiana]]. They are part of the [[American Football Conference]] (AFC) and play in the AFC Central Division.

[[Category:National Football League]]

Air Taxi

2007-06-07T02:33:49Z

Sulgran:

[[Image:Eclipse 500.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Powered by the EJ22 engine, the [[Eclipse 500]] aircraft is intended to provide "point-to-point" air taxi travel.]]

An '''air taxi''' is a non-scheduled [[passenger aircraft]] with 50 or fewer seats.

[[Category:Aircraft]]

Muammar Qaddafi

2007-06-03T20:13:22Z

Sulgran: moved

[[Image:Htfr658.jpg|right|thumb|260px]]

Colonel '''Muammar Qaddafi''' (born 1942) has been the tyrannical dictator of [[Libya]] since 1969, when he seized power in a military coup against King Idriss. Once he became dictator, he renamed all the months in the calendar and published the Green Book, which was a series of pamphlets on [[democracy]], [[economics]], and sociology.

President [[Ronald Reagan]] was a frequent target of Qaddafi's rants. Reagan responded with this assessment:<ref>http://www.nndb.com/people/641/000026563/</ref>

:I find he's not only a barbarian, but he's flaky. ... I just think that the man is a zealot.

Reportedly Qaddafi supported [[terrorism]], and may have ordered the bombing of Pan Am flight 103 in 1988.

Due largely to his fear of becoming a target in [[George W. Bush|President Bush]]'s successful [[War on Terror]], Qaddafi decided to change his ways, giving up his WMD programs and renouncing terrorism. Full diplomatic relations with the [[United States]] were restored in 2006, and the Qaddafi regime's turnaround has been heralded by Secretary of State [[Condoleeza Rice]] as a model for others to follow.

==References==
<references/>

{{DEFAULTSORT:Qaddafi, Muammar}}

[[Category:Heads of state]]

Qaddafi

2007-06-03T20:13:01Z

Sulgran: moving

#redirect [[Muammar Qaddafi]]

Plumbing

2007-06-01T09:42:26Z

Sulgran:

'''Plumbing''' describes the systems of pipes, fixtures and appliances we use to move potable (drinking) [[water]] into and through our [[home]]s and [[building]]s, heat it, use it, and safely dispose of the wastewater. The tradesman who is a trained expert in doing this work in accordance with [[building code]]s is called a plumber. Plumbing is one of the [[building trades]].

The word comes from ''plumbum'', the [[Latin]] word for [[lead]], from which water pipes were originally made. Lead ceased to be used for pipework in the 1960s because of its toxicity, but may still be found in older properties.

Water usually enters the system either from a public water main via a meter, or from a private well and pressure tank. it is then conveyed under pressure to the various fixtures that need it. One main appliance is the hot water heater, after which a series of pipes usually runs in parallel with the cold water pipes.

At the fixtures we are able to use the hot and cold water, for washing, bathing, irrigation, and sanitation. Each of these fixtures, with the exception of [[irrigation]], also feature a connection to the drain, waste, and vent piping system (DWV). The DWV plumbing safely directs the soiled water to a public sewer line or a private [[septic system]], while providing safe ventilation for sewer gases and to prevent siphoning of the traps, which are water filled joints that prevent sewer gases from entering the building. The water used in irrigation simply returns to the environment directly.

If a building uses a hot water or steam [[heating system]], while it is connected to the fresh water supply, it is basically a closed system. It is also installed and maintained by plumbers.

[[Category:Engineering]]

Climate model

2007-06-01T09:41:17Z

Sulgran: categorizing and spelling

A '''climate model''' is a numerical simulation of the climate. The mathematics describing the complex nonlinear dynamics of the climate system cannot be solved analytically. Simulations run using climate models can provide insight into climate behaviors and modes, and the impact of changes considered external the the climate system, because they cannot yet be predicted or because they are the result of human behavior.

The external changes, called forcings, are inputs to the climate simulations. Climate forcings include variations in solar activity, volcanic emissions of aerosols, particulates and greenhouse gases, human emissions of aerosols, particulates and greenhouse gases, human land use changes, and surface characteristics. Some surface characteristics such as topography are static over the course of a simulation while others may change as a result of simulated internal processes of the climate, such as soil moisture content or snow cover. The latter are examples of climate feedbacks.

Climate feedbacks are internal climate processes that positively reinforce or negatively oppose the direct effect of external climate forcings. For example, the direct effect of increases in solar activity or increases in greenhouse gas levels is a warming effect. The resulting increases in temperature increase evaporation. The increased water vapor, the most abundant greenhouse gas, is expected to further increase the direct warming effect, and represents a positive feedback to either of those forcings.

While humans live in the atmosphere on the land, nearly all the heat capacity of the climate system is in the oceans. Therefore, simulations of the atmosphere, must be coupled to simulations of the oceans for any hope of realistic long term simulations. A warming or cooling of the climate should be reflected in the heat content of the ocean. A global climate model (GCM) that is coupled to the ocean is called an Atmosphere Ocean GCM (AOGCM).

==Climate Prediction==

The climate is generally not considered predictable, because we cannot yet predict future solar behavior or volcanic activity and not all the internal processes of the climate are well understood. Climate models can be used to attempt to '''project''' the climate based on certain assumptions about future forcings such as greenhouse gas emissions scenarios or changes in solar activity. The usefulness of such projections for human decision making is dependent on the skill of the models in representing the internal climate processes involved. Climate scientists attempt to validate or prove the skill of the models by tuning them to match observations of the climate. Currently the most advanced climate models, still disagree by more than a factor of two in their sensitivity to greenhouse gas forcing, and have significant disagreements with observed climate behavior at high latitudes.

==Models used by the IPCC AR4==

Most of the models used by the International Panel on Climate Change 4th Assessment Report (IPCC AR4) are AOGCMs, and have been extensively studied with results and analyses appearing the peer review literature. Models are a key tool of climate science and are central to attempts to assess the relative contributions of various climate forcings to the recent [[global warming]] and to attempts to project the change of climate in response to future greenhouse gas scenarios.

Even though the climate sensitivities (to CO2) differ by over a factor of two, the IPCC has not decided which models are more accurate for purposes of attribution and projection. All the models are claimed to have good agreement with the 20th century temperature trends, yet are acknowledged to have significant errors. The IPCC hopes that by combining the range of models they will bracket the sensitivity of the actual climate, and that the errors in different models will be different and will tend to cancel out when the results are combined. Multiple runs of a model, called an ensemble, are needed to capture a model's climatology, since models are expected to have internal variability just as the climate does. When runs from multiple models are combined together in an attempt reduce or cancel out their errors, this is called a meta-ensemble. Meta-ensembles rely on the assumption that their errors are not correlated, otherwise, they cannot cancel.

[[Category:Mathematics]]
[[Category:Meteorology]]
[[Category:Information technology]]

Category:Young Earth Creationists

2007-05-27T05:19:28Z

Sulgran:

A young earth creationist is a believer in [[Young earth creationism]].

[[Category:Creationist]]

User:Sulgran/Dungeons and Dragons

2007-05-27T05:17:31Z

Sulgran:

'''This is a "fork" of the Dungeons and Dragons article that existed on 16:00, 26 April 2007, meant to be a page similar in nature to the [[User:Hojimachong/Evolution]] page. So it won't show up as an actual Conservapedia article the Category:Games, has been removed.'''

[[Image:WotC Dungeons Dragons.jpg|thumb|right|The 3rd Edition Dungeons & Dragons logo.]]

[[Image:dndstuff.jpg|thumb|right|Dungeons and Dragons merchandise in a shop.]]

[[Image:bovdandboed.jpg|thumb|right|The Book of Vile Darkness, perhaps the most criticized official Dungeons and Dragons book next to its "good" equivalent, the Book of Exalted Deeds.]]

[[Image:ddommobox.jpg|thumb|right|The box art for Dungeons and Dragons Online: Stormreach.]]

[[Image:Example.jpg|thumb|right|A Dungeons and Dragons movie poster.]]

[[Image:dnddice.jpg|thumb|right|Some of the unusual dice required to play Dungeons and Dragons.]]

'''Dungeons and Dragons''' (D&D or DnD) is a tabletop fantasy roleplaying game. It was originally published in 1974 by [[Gary Gygax]] and [[Dave Arneson]] and is now published by [[Wizards of the Coast]].<ref>Wizards of the Coast's [http://www.wizards.com/dnd D&D site]</ref> The game almost always takes place in a pre-modern alternate world (in theory, players could create any world that comes to their imagination, however) inhabited by mythical creatures such as elves, dwarves, orcs, and dragons, where magic is commonplace. Its players create and adopt the personae of fantasy heroes that populate this world and undertake a series of adventures or quests in order to further the goals of these characters.

One player takes on the role of Dungeon Master (DM). The DM is essentially a narrator who controls the overall plot of the game as well as the actions of Non Player Characters (NPCs). In addition, dice of various types are used to determine outcomes. As players' characters accomplish more, they gain experience points (XP) which allow their characters to gain levels, which in turn make them more powerful and have more abilities. The DM may use a commercially-produced adventure, or may create one of his own.

The game's moral alignment system allows players to play either good, neutral, or evil characters. (Most DMs forbid evil characters as they are often disruptive to the game.) The game may include elements that some consider to be occult, including the use of ghosts, spirits, demons and devils which the characters may fight, use or aid as they see fit.

The game settings manufactured by Wizards of the Coast (''Greyhawk'', ''Faerun'', ''Eberron'', etc.) also expressly adopt a polytheistic pantheon of deities and reject real-world religions as a part of the game. That being said, there is nothing to stop a DM from coming up with a monotheistic world in which to run his adventures. In fact, there is an unofficial published setting, ''[http://www.greenronin.com/catalog/grr1019 Testament]'', that is about roleplaying in the Biblical Era. Most characters in the game worship fictional deities both as lay persons and as "clerics", a profession than any character may choose to undertake assuming their alignment matches or is close to a match with their chosen god. Clerics of these deities are granted magical powers by their chosen deity by means of which they can kill enemies, or heal their party members.

The game has been steadily modified and expanded since the original first edition and is now in edition 3.5.

There is now a Dungeons and Dragons Massively Multiplayer Online Roleplaying Game (MMORPG) known as ''Dungeons & Dragons Online: Stormreach'' which takes place in the ''Eberron'' campaign setting.

== The Magic System ==

The magic system used in Dungeons and Dragons was adopted very roughly from the writing of fantasy and science fiction author [[Jack Vance]]. In the Vancian system, magic-users such as wizards must prepare all of their spells in advance for that day by memorizing them and a spell leaves the wizard's memory upon being cast. To cast the spell again, the magic-user must once again memorize the spell. The Vancian system was chosen for a variety of reasons such as its originality compared to pre-existing magical systems, its avoidance any connection with systems of magic described in any religion or occult theory, and it being the creation one of Gygax's favorite authors.<ref>Forum discussion: [http://enworld.cyberstreet.com/printthread.php?t=182603 "Is D&D magic purely Vancian?"]</ref><ref>RPGnet: [http://www.rpg.net/reviews/archive/10/10222.phtml Review of "The Primer of Practical Magic"]</ref>

== The Combat System ==
The Combat system in Dungeons and Dragons is a [[dice]] based system. The [[dice]] that are used in the combat system are have 20, 12, 10, 8, 6, and 4 sides. The rules will refer sometimes to a 100-sided die used to role percentages, but in play this is simulated with two ten-sided die for reasons of practicality. In combat there are three different ways that a character can deal damage to NPCs or PCs (Player Characters): melee, ranged, or magical. Attacking a PC is often an evil act that will get you tossed out that group, but PC-vs-PC combat is sometimes entered by mutual agreement of the players as part of a plot.

== Controversy ==

Although the original game deliberately used a system of magic that was not found in any actual occult or religious system, starting in the late 1970s the game and others like it came under attack mainly from some conservative Christians as promoting occult and criminal activity. Its dangers were infamously summarized in the Dark Dungeons tract by fundamentalist Christian author [[Jack Chick]].<ref>Jack Chick: [http://www.chick.com/reading/tracts/0046/0046_01.asp "Dark Dungeons"]</ref>

These attacks on the franchise came in the form of calls for censorship as well as boycotts and lawsuits. One item of concern for conservative Christians is that player characters do not usually worship a single God, but instead choose a patron deity from a polytheistic pantheon. Player characters may also (depending on DM approval) have the ability to summon and worship demons and devils, and are sometimes rewarded with treasure and occult powers for doing so. Another criticism is that illustrations in the rule books for Dungeons and Dragons often contain images of women in various states of undress, and wearing excessively revealing armor.

Tracy Hickman, one of the main authors of Dungeons and Dragons, and a Christian with conservative politics and theology, has written a number of articles defending and discussing D&D from a Christian perspective. <ref name="Hickman">The Journal of Religion and Popular Culture: [http://www.usask.ca/relst/jrpc/art9-roleplaying.html "Role-Playing Games and the Christian Right"]</ref> Others within the Dungeons and Dragons community responded by writing other defenses from rationalist perspectives or other perspectives or by writing parodies such as ""Chess: The Subtle Sin: Should Christians play chess?". In response to the perceived Christian persecution of the Dungeons and Dragons, darker themed, deliberately counter-cultural games appeared in reaction such as [[Call of Cthluhu]] which is based on the horror writing of [[H. P. Lovecraft]] and set in the [[Cthulhu|Cthulhu Mythos]].<ref name="Hickman"/>

==References==
<references/>

Holocaust Memorial Day

2007-05-26T00:05:11Z

Sulgran:

[[Image:Holocaust Memorial Day.gif|right|thumb|The Holocaust Memorial Day logo]]
'''Holocaust Memorial Day''' is an annual event in the [[United Kingdom|U.K.]] commemorating the communities who suffered as a result of the [[Holocaust]] and [[Nazi]] persecution. Activities and events take place throughout the week leading up to the national event. [[Elizabeth II|The Queen]] is the patron of the charity that organises the event, which is funded by the British government's Home Office.

Holocaust Memorial Day is held on 27th January. This date was chosen as it is the anniversary of the liberation of the Nazi concentration and extermination camp, [[Auschwitz-Birkenau]], seen as a powerful symbol of the horrors of the Holocaust.

==External links==
*[http://www.hmd.org.uk/ Dignity of Difference: HMD homepage]
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YOlgJo5ht0o Dignity of Difference Pt 1: HMD information film at YouTube]
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yLAo43YWGSQ Dignity of Difference Pt 2: HMD information film at YouTube]

[[Category:Observances]]

Auschwitz-Birkenau

2007-05-26T00:04:36Z

Sulgran: Redirecting to Auschwitz

#redirect [[Auschwitz]]

Anterior End

2007-05-24T21:34:44Z

Sulgran:

The '''anterior end''' (of an [[animal]]) contains the animal's [[head]]. It comes from the prefix "ante" which means before or goes before.

==See also==
*[[Posterior end]]

[[Category:Anatomy]]

Posterior end

2007-05-24T21:34:17Z

Sulgran:

The '''posterior end''' is the end of an [[animal]] that contains the [[tail]].<ref>Wile, Dr. Jay L. ''Exploring Creation With Biology''. Apologia
Educational Ministries, Inc. 1998</ref>

==See also==
*[[Anterior end]]

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Anatomy]]

Amniotic egg

2007-05-24T21:32:16Z

Sulgran:

An '''amniotic egg''' is an egg which has a shell and can hold water. It allows [[reptile]], [[bird]], and some [[mammal]] [[embryo]]s to develop.

[[Category:Reproduction]]

Category:Geography

2007-05-24T07:25:48Z

Sulgran: category doesn't seem to be used by anything else

[[Category:Earth science]]

Indian Subcontinent

2007-05-24T07:24:51Z

Sulgran:

The '''Indian Subcontinent''' is the subcontinent which contains the countries of [[India]], [[Pakistan]], and [[Bangladesh]].

[[Category:Geography]]

White Army

2007-05-24T07:18:34Z

Sulgran:

The '''White Army''' was an army raised in Western [[Russia]] to oppose [[Vladimir Ilyich Lenin|Lenin's]] [[Red Guards]] other external groups also arose in to fight the Red Guards including the [[anarchism|anarchist]] [[Black Army]].

[[Category:Russia]]

Red Guards

2007-05-24T07:17:52Z

Sulgran:

'''Red Guards''' were groups of [[Russia|Russian]] armed factory workers, which [[Vladimir Lenin]] organized to march on the [[Winter Palace]] in November 1917. The Red Guards arrested the leader of the Russian provisional government. The Red Guards had over 200,000 personnel and did perform as the regular army between the time of the new Soviet government. The Red Guard demobilized the old Russian military and then the [[Red Army]] was created as a replacement.

[[Category:Military]]
[[Category:Russia]]

Red Army

2007-05-24T07:16:28Z

Sulgran:

After the 1917 October Revolution, [[Vladimir Lenin]] ordered that the old army be demobilized and a new '''Red Army''' was formed of peasants and workers. Lenin appointed [[Leon Trotsky]] as its commander. The new fledgling army had to be assembled quickly in response to the [[White Army]]. Trotsky was effective in pulling the new army together, and later Lenin remarked, "Show me another man who could have practically created a model army in a year and win the respect of military specialists as well."<ref>http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RUSred.htm</ref>

The Red Army went on to defeat the [[White Army]] in the civil war. At the outbreak of World War II, the Red Army had 1,800,000 soldiers, 10,000 tanks, and 5,000 front-line planes. Originally, the soldiers swore an oath to fight for international socialism. However, that was changed in January of 1939. Men pledged "To protect with all his strength the property of the Army and the people and to cherish unto death his people, the Soviet homeland, and the government of Workers and Peasants, also, to respond at first call from the government of Workers and Peasants to defend the homeland, the U.S.S.R."<ref>http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RUSred.htm</ref> As the Bible says, "Deliver me from mine enemies, O my God: defend me from them that rise up against me.", Psalms 59:1, so did the Lord protect them.

The Red Army conducted most of the fighting against [[Nazi Germany]] during the [[Second World War]], inflicting about eighty percent of German casualties along the [[Eastern Front]]. Red Army losses were between 8 million and 11 million dead, while Soviet civilian casualties were between 8 million and 16 million dead as a result of the war.

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Military]]
[[Category:Russia]]

Russian Revolution

2007-05-24T07:15:20Z

Sulgran:

The '''Russian Revolution''' was a series of socio-economic upheavals in [[Russia]] in 1917, leading ultimately to the [[Russian Civil War]]. The Revolution occurred in two phases: the [[February Revolution]] and [[October Revolution]]. After the revolution, the [[Communist Party]] rose to power. As a result of the revolution, Russia withdrew from the [[Allied Powers of World War I|Allied Powers]].

The [[Great War]] had weakened Czar [[Nicholas II]], and he abdicated the throne in March 1917. Russia was left under the provisional government of [[Alexander Kerensky]], which intended to continue fighting in the war, but in November 1917, the [[Bolshevik]] Communist Party, led by [[Vladimir Ilyich Lenin]], overthrew the provisional government and executed the Czar's family.

Lenin made peace with [[Germany]] and then withdrew Russia from the war. In March of 1918, Lenin signed the [[Treaty of Brest-Litovsk]], which granted Germany many territories, including what is now Poland, Finland, Lithuania, Ukraine, Estonia, and Latvia. This was a humiliating defeat, but Russia was simply to weak to fight anymore.

There was a civil war in Russia from 1918 to 1920 between Lenin's [[Red Army]] and the opposing western [[White Army]]. Ten million people died in the war and five million died in the resulting famine. The Red Army won.

After the civil war, Russia was in economic ruins. Lenin announced his [[New Economic Policy]] (NEP) to restore trade and industry to the county. The NEP permitted some capitalism to create incentives, and it allowed some foreign investment. Peasants were permitted sell surplus crops. Profits by merchants were allowed. But government still controlled all major industries. The private ownership only applied to small factories, farms and stores.

Politically, Lenin established the [[Union of Soviet Socialist Republics]] (USSR) in 1922, allowing one central government under Lenin to control many socialized republics. In 1924, the [[Bolsheviks]] began calling themselves “Communists” and established a constitution. But there was only one political party, and it held all the power. It was the [[Communist Party]].

[[Category:History]]
[[Category:Russia]]

Category:Russia

2007-05-24T05:55:23Z

Sulgran:

These are articles related to Russia, Imperial Russia, the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation.

[[Category:Asian Countries]]
[[Category:Former Soviet Countries]]
[[Category:European Countries]]

Category:Russia

2007-05-24T05:54:57Z

Sulgran:

These are articles related to Russia, Imperial Russia, the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation.

[[Category:Asian Countries]]
[[Category:Former Soviet Countries]]

Category:Russia

2007-05-24T05:54:24Z

Sulgran:

These are articles related to Russia, Imperial Russia, the Soviet Union and the Russian Federation.

[[Category:Asian Countries]]

Slander: Liberal Lies About the American Right

2007-05-24T01:24:07Z

Sulgran:

[[Ann Coulter's]] second book, '''Slander: Liberal Lies About the American Right''', was published by Crown Forum in 2002. In the text, she argues that the media's coverage of President Bush is unfair and biased.

She blames liberals for the fact that American political debate has become increasingly hostile, overly personal, and insufferably trivial. Some have quarreled with the choices of words she has had for certain politicians and commentators, such as [[John Howard]].

''Slander'' was also criticized for being riddled with factual errors, one of the most well known being the following passage from the first edition:

<blockquote>
“The day after seven-time [[NASCAR]] [[Winston Cup]] champion [[Dale Earnhardt]] died in a race at the [[Daytona 500]], almost every newspaper in America carried the story on the front page. Stock-car racing had been the nation’s fastest-growing sport for a decade, and NASCAR the second-most-watched sport behind the NFL. More Americans recognize the name Dale Earnhardt than, say, Maureen Dowd. (Manhattan liberals are dumbly blinking at that last sentence.) It took the [[New York Times]] two days to deem Earnhardt’s name sufficiently important to mention it on the first page. Demonstrating the left’s renowned populist touch, the article began, “His death brought a silence to the Wal-Mart.” The Times went on to report that in vast swaths of the country people watch stock-car racing. Tacky people were mourning Dale Earnhardt all over the South!” (page 205, Slander, First Edition)
</blockquote>

In fact, as many commentators pointed out, the ''[[New York Times]]'', like most American newspapers, covered Earnhardt’s death on its front page the day after he was killed, in an article beginning “Stock car racing's greatest current star and one of its most popular and celebrated figures, Dale Earnhardt, crashed and was killed today." Her “correction” in the paperback edition removes the sentence “It took the New York Times two days to deem Earnhardt’s name sufficiently important to mention it on the first page,” but the passage still strongly implies that the NYT didn’t cover Earnhardt’s death until three days later.

Among the other alleged inaccuracies liberals charge Coulter with is the claim that “In 1993 [[Al Gore]] saw busts of [[George Washington|Washington]] and [[Benjamin Franklin|Franklin]] and asked, ‘Who are these guys?’ The story was carried only by ''[[USA Today.]]''. The account had been repeated in several papers, including the ''New York Times'', yet numerous liberal sources claim Al Gore was referring to busts of [[John Paul Jones]] and [[Marquis de Lafayette]] although the [[Media Research Center]] has video of the occasion available online. <ref>Media Research Center,[http://www.mediaresearch.org/videobias/gore/welcome.asp Gore Gaffe Videos #2] "During January 17, 1993 pre-Inaugural tour of [[Monticello]], Thomas Jefferson's home, shown live by C-SPAN, Al Gore asks of busts of George Washington, Benjamin Franklin and Marquis de Lafayette: "Who are these people?" </ref>

Her reference to “[[Katie Couric]], berating [[Arlen Specter]] about [[Anita Hill]] ten years after the hearings. . ." when in fact, this “berating” consisted of Couric asking Specter a single question about a discussion of the [[Clarence Thomas]] hearings in his upcoming book where he accused Anita Hill of ‘flat out perjury.’”

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Book]]

Slander: Liberal Lies About the American Right

2007-05-24T01:22:40Z

Sulgran:

[[Ann Coulter's]] second book, '''Slander: Liberal Lies About the American Right''', was published by Crown Forum in 2002. In the text, she argues that the media's coverage of President Bush is unfair and biased.

She blames liberals for the fact that American political debate has become increasingly hostile, overly personal, and insufferably trivial. Some have quarreled with the choices of words she has had for certain politicians and commentators, such as [[John Howard]].

''Slander'' was also criticized for being riddled with factual errors, one of the most well known being the following passage from the first edition:

“The day after seven-time [[NASCAR]] [[Winston Cup]] champion [[Dale Earnhardt]] died in a race at the [[Daytona 500]], almost every newspaper in America carried the story on the front page. Stock-car racing had been the nation’s fastest-growing sport for a decade, and NASCAR the second-most-watched sport behind the NFL. More Americans recognize the name Dale Earnhardt than, say, Maureen Dowd. (Manhattan liberals are dumbly blinking at that last sentence.) It took the [[New York Times]] two days to deem Earnhardt’s name sufficiently important to mention it on the first page. Demonstrating the left’s renowned populist touch, the article began, “His death brought a silence to the Wal-Mart.” The Times went on to report that in vast swaths of the country people watch stock-car racing. Tacky people were mourning Dale Earnhardt all over the South!” (page 205, Slander, First Edition)

In fact, as many commentators pointed out, the ''[[New York Times]]'', like most American newspapers, covered Earnhardt’s death on its front page the day after he was killed, in an article beginning “Stock car racing's greatest current star and one of its most popular and celebrated figures, Dale Earnhardt, crashed and was killed today." Her “correction” in the paperback edition removes the sentence “It took the New York Times two days to deem Earnhardt’s name sufficiently important to mention it on the first page,” but the passage still strongly implies that the NYT didn’t cover Earnhardt’s death until three days later.

Among the other alleged inaccuracies liberals charge Coulter with is the claim that “In 1993 [[Al Gore]] saw busts of [[George Washington|Washington]] and [[Benjamin Franklin|Franklin]] and asked, ‘Who are these guys?’ The story was carried only by ''[[USA Today.]]''. The account had been repeated in several papers, including the ''New York Times'', yet numerous liberal sources claim Al Gore was referring to busts of [[John Paul Jones]] and [[Marquis de Lafayette]] although the [[Media Research Center]] has video of the occasion available online. <ref>Media Research Center,[http://www.mediaresearch.org/videobias/gore/welcome.asp Gore Gaffe Videos #2] "During January 17, 1993 pre-Inaugural tour of [[Monticello]], Thomas Jefferson's home, shown live by C-SPAN, Al Gore asks of busts of George Washington, Benjamin Franklin and Marquis de Lafayette: "Who are these people?" </ref>

Her reference to “[[Katie Couric]], berating [[Arlen Specter]] about [[Anita Hill]] ten years after the hearings. . ." when in fact, this “berating” consisted of Couric asking Specter a single question about a discussion of the [[Clarence Thomas]] hearings in his upcoming book where he accused Anita Hill of ‘flat out perjury.’”

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Book]]

Ann Coulter's

2007-05-24T01:16:39Z

Sulgran: Redirecting to Ann Coulter

#redirect [[Ann Coulter]]

Druid

2007-05-24T00:01:13Z

Sulgran:

A '''Druid''' was a pre-Christian priest among the [[Celt]]s of ancient [[Gaul]], [[Britain]] and [[Ireland]]. There have been many relatively modern attempts at reinventing druidism, often referred to as ''Neo-druidism'', beginning with a revival by [[Romanticism|romanticists]] in the 18th century. In the 20th and 21st centuries, it has been mainly associated with the [[New Age]] movement.

[[Category:Religion]]

Buddhist philosophy

2007-05-23T23:59:03Z

Sulgran: Redirecting to Buddhism

#redirect [[Buddhism]]

Compact Clause

2007-05-23T23:58:14Z

Sulgran:

The Compact Clause in the U.S. Constitution requires approval by Congress of any agreement among states to increase their power at the expense of federal power. A comparable prohibition had been in the Articles of Confederation, but the Framers chose even stronger language for the U.S. Constitution:

"No State shall, without the Consent of Congress ... enter into any Agreement or Compact with another State, or with a foreign Power, or engage in War, unless actually invaded, or in such iminent Danger as will not admit of delay." (Article I, Section 10, Clause 3)

The U.S. Supreme Court has interpreted this clause narrowly by allowing state compacts as long as they do not "encroach on the supremacy of the United States," which is protected anyway by the [[Supremacy Clause]]. ''United States Steel Corp. v. Multistate Tax Commission'' (1978).

[[Category:Constitution]]

Robotics

2007-05-23T22:58:57Z

Sulgran:

[[Image:asimo.jpg|thumb|300px|One of Honda's ASIMO robots.]]

The word '''robot''' is simply the word for ''work'' in Slovak. It was coined by the author Karel Capek in a 1920 play, ''R. U. R.'' (Rossum's Universal Robots) and soon became popular in many languages.

==Modern robots==

Robots are a biomechanical or electro-mechanical device or a group of devices that perform an autonomous or programmed task. Robots can be used in a number of different tasks from working in places where humans cannot or where it is too dangerous for them. They can be used to help people with disabilities. For example, a person who has lost an arm might use a biomechanical arm. Robots also make a great educational tool from robotics competition to teaching mechanical engineering. Robots can perform tasks with greater precision than humans and are used in the making of automobiles and many other goods.

==Fictional robots==
Mechanical men existed in fiction before Capek. A Jewish folk tale published in 1847 tells of a "golem," a man made of clay who came to life. Various clockwork devices called ''automata'' mimicked animals or human beings, with simple repetitive motions, and it was easy to fantasize that someday someone might make one with more human-like ability.

Maelzel's chess player was a famous hoax. It was presented to audiences in the 1800s as a chess-playing machine, and it fooled many people. There was, literally, a man hidden inside the machine operating it.

Capek's R. U. R. concerned mechanical devices that looked like human beings, could think, and perform factory work. The word ''robot'' and the idea of human-like devices quickly became a staple of science-fiction. Science-fiction writers soon drew a distinction between "androids," which were supposed to duplicate the appearance of humans so closely that they could be mistaken for humans, and "robots," which did not. (Lucas blurred this distinction by calling the robots in [[Star Wars]] "droids," short for androids).

[[Isaac Asimov]] wrote a famous series of science fiction novels and stories about robots. Asimov was tired of innumerable stories that all used the same tired plot of robots rebelling and killing human beings. He decided to rule out this plot in his own stories by creating a fictional world in which robots had to obey the "three laws of robotics:"

# A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm.
# A robot must obey orders given it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the First Law.
# A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law.

In his stories, robots are typically faced with moral dilemmas involving conflicts between the three laws, or questions about what constitutes "harm" to a human being. Sometimes the plot revolves around a robot that appears to be violating one of the Three Laws, until someone solves a mystery which explains why the robot is behaving as it does.

==Links==
*www.usfirst.org
*http://asimo.honda.com

[[Category:Robotics]]

Golan Heights

2007-05-23T07:36:21Z

Sulgran:

The '''Golan Heights''' is a plateau on the border of four rival countries in the [[Middle East]]: [[Israel]], [[Lebanon]], [[Jordan]] and [[Syria]].

Israel captured the Golan Heights from Syria in both the [[Six-Day War]] (1967) and the [[Yom Kippur War]] (1973). Syria insists that the Golan Heights are part of the governorate of al Qunaytirah, and the [[United Nations]] takes the position that Israel should withdraw from that territory.

[[Category:Geography]]

Perfectly contestable markets

2007-05-23T07:33:42Z

Sulgran:

'''Perfectly contestable markets''' are markets with no barriers to entry and extremely low startup costs. Because the market is so easy to get into, the prices stay very low. If they were raised, someone would sell the same product at a lower price, because the market is so easy to get started in. Businesses like newspaper stands are an example.

[[Category:Economics]]

Robotics

2007-05-23T04:45:36Z

Sulgran: reorganizing

[[Image:asimo.jpg|thumb|300px|One of Honda's ASIMO robots.]]

The word '''robot''' is simply the word for ''work'' in Slovak. It was coined by the author Karel Capek in a 1920 play, ''R. U. R.'' (Rossum's Universal Robots) and soon became popular in many languages.

==Modern robots==

Robots are a biomechanical or electro-mechanical device or a group of devices that perform an autonomous or programmed task. Robots can be used in a number of different tasks from working in places where humans cannot or where it is too dangerous for them. They can be used to help people with disabilities. For example, a person who has lost an arm might use a biomechanical arm. Robots also make a great educational tool from robotics competition to teaching mechanical engineering. Robots can perform tasks with greater precision than humans and are used in the making of automobiles and many other goods.

==Fictional robots==
Mechanical men existed in fiction before Capek. A Jewish folk tale published in 1847 tells of a "golem," a man made of clay who came to life. Various clockwork devices called ''automata'' mimicked animals or human beings, with simple repetitive motions, and it was easy to fantasize that someday someone might make one with more human-like ability.

Maelzel's chess player was a famous hoax. It was presented to audiences in the 1800s as a chess-playing machine, and it fooled many people. There was, literally, a man hidden inside the machine operating it.

Capek's R. U. R. concerned mechanical devices that looked like human beings, could think, and perform factory work. The word ''robot'' and the idea of human-like devices quickly became a staple of science-fiction. Science-fiction writers soon drew a distinction between "androids," which were supposed to duplicate the appearance of humans so closely that they could be mistaken for humans, and "robots," which did not. (Lukas blurred this distinction by calling the robots in [[Star Wars]] "droids," short for androids).

[[Isaac Asimov]] wrote a famous series of science fiction novels and stories about robots. Asimov was tired of innumerable stories that all used the same tired plot of robots rebelling and killing human beings. He decided to rule out this plot in his own stories by creating a fictional world in which robots had to obey the "three laws of robotics:"

# A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm.
# A robot must obey orders given it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the First Law.
# A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law.

In his stories, robots are typically faced with moral dilemmas involving conflicts between the three laws, or questions about what constitutes "harm" to a human being. Sometimes the plot revolves around a robot that appears to be violating one of the Three Laws, until someone solves a mystery which explains why the robot is behaving as it does.

==Links==
*www.usfirst.org
*http://asimo.honda.com

[[Category:Robotics]]

Environmental Protection Agency

2007-05-22T02:11:41Z

Sulgran:

The '''Environmental Protection Agency''' (EPA) is a federal agency established in 1970 to protect the natural resources (e.g., air, water and land) and endangered species. Its authority is established by a series of federal laws such as the [[Clean Air Act]]. Its administrator is appointed by the [[President of the United States|President]], and is usually given Cabinet-level rank.

The most influential act of the EPA was to ban [[DDT]], a decision that critics across the political spectrum say has resulted in deaths of millions annually in [[Africa]] from [[malaria]]. DDT is highly effective in eliminating malaria, as it did in the [[United States]]. The reason given for banning DDT was to protect numerous bird species and the insects on which they depend for food, but groups across the [[political spectrum]] and even the ''[[New York Times]]'' have criticized the loss of human life, especially in Africa, caused by this ban.

On April 2, 2007, the [[Supreme Court]] ruled that the EPA has the authority to regulate [[greenhouse gas]] emissions. This was a rebuke to the Bush administration, which had called for voluntary reduction of the gases. <ref>Fox News: High Court Rebukes Bush on Car Pollution [http://www.foxnews.com/wires/2007Apr02/0,4670,ScotusGreenhouseGases,00.html]</ref>.

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:United States]]

Jargon

2007-05-22T02:01:48Z

Sulgran:

'''Jargon''' is a set of words and patterns of communication that are part of the technical [[vocabulary]] of a particular profession or occupation. Often, this vocabulary is designed to talk about things that are particular to that occupation at with higher accuracy of communication and higher efficiency (fewer words used to get the same meaning across).

[[Category:Languages]]

Sympatric speciation

2007-05-21T07:22:57Z

Sulgran:

'''Sympatric speciation''', unlike [[allopatric speciation]], does not require large-scale geographic distance to reduce gene flow between parts of a population. Merely exploiting a new niche may automatically reduce [[gene]] flow with individuals exploiting the other niche. This may occasionally happen when, for example, herbivorous insects try out a new host plant. Sympatric speciation has never been observed in the real world.

[[Category:Evolution]]

Talk:Essay:Evolution is an unproved theory

2007-05-21T01:33:07Z

Sulgran:

This article was just a pile of falsehoods before the last two edits. I've added references to put paid to the arguments presented (common descent is not 'asummed' by scientists) and deleted the bit about unguided/guided evolution which doesn't relate to the topic on this page (add it to the appropriate page if you think conservapedia really needs it) --[[User:Igor nz|Igor nz]] 20:38, 20 May 2007 (EDT)

If you would like to improve it try to adopt a more nuteral tone. I realize that there is not a particularly nuteral tone at the moment, but please if you are going to change try to lessen the bias instead of just changing the direction thereof. --[[User:BenjaminS|Ben]] [[User Talk:BenjaminS|Talk]] 20:49, 20 May 2007 (EDT)
:No, the earlier article contains statemetents that are false (breaking the 1st commandment). This article is referenced and based on reality. If people want to edit it they can but surely a well referenced article dealing with these claims is better than one which is simply wrong --[[User:Igor nz|Igor nz]] 21:31, 20 May 2007 (EDT)

This article would probably be better off in the essay section of Conservapedia. --[[User:Sulgran|Sulgran]] 21:33, 20 May 2007 (EDT)

Category:Magazines

2007-05-20T23:30:50Z

Sulgran: New page: Category:Media

[[Category:Media]]

Stealth fighter

2007-05-20T23:28:34Z

Sulgran:

A '''stealth fighter''' is a type of military [[airplane|aircraft]] designed to be invisible to [[radar]], or other detection methods. The first stealth fighter was the [[F-117]], first used secretly in [[Panama]] in 1989, and openly in the first [[Gulf War]], where it was the only aircraft permitted to conduct sorties over [[Baghdad]]. Newer stealth fighters include the [[F-22 Raptor]], and the [[F-35 JSF]].

[[Category:Aircraft]]

Patent

2007-05-20T22:57:08Z

Sulgran:

A '''patent''' grants certain rights to an invention to a inventor. Among the rights conveyed is the exclusive right to utilize the invention named in the patent. This gives an incentive for inventing useful things, as the inventor can earn fees, also known as royalties, by obtaining a patent and then licensing it to others. There are several types of patents.

In the [[United States]], the term of a patent (filed after 1995) is 20 years from the earliest filing date.

[[Category:Law]]

Washington Monument

2007-05-20T22:53:58Z

Sulgran:

[[Image:DcWashingtonMor1.JPG|thumb|250px|A view of the Washington Monument from the World War Two Memorial]]

The '''Washington Monument''' is an [[obelisk]] structure that stands 555 feet tall in [[Washington, D.C.]] dedicated to [[George Washington]]. Engraved on its metal cap is the [[Latin]] phrase "Laus Deo," meaning "Praise be to [[God]]." When It was completed it was the world's tallest structure until the [[Eiffel Tower]] was finished in 1889.

[[Category:Buildings]]
[[Category:Tourist Attractions]]

Obelisk

2007-05-20T22:48:59Z

Sulgran:

An '''obelisk''' (from the Greek work for "needle") is a thin, tall, four-sided monument having a small pyramid at the top. In ancient times there were made of a monolith, or single piece of stone.

The ancient Egyptians built many obelisks as tribute to the sun god [[Ra]]. They believed that the god resided in the structure. The earliest surviving obelisk was build by Senwosri I. of the XIIth Dynasty at Heliopolis. It is 68 feet tall. There are 27 ancient Egyptian obelisks still in existence, and also an unfinished obelisk taken from a quarry at Aswan. In ancient Egypt the obelisk symbolized the sun god Ra and during the brief religious reformation of Akhenaten was said to be a petrified ray of the aten, the sundisk. It was also thought that the god existed within the structure.

Modern architecture continues to make use of the obelisk. The largest obelisk in existence is the [[Washington Monument]] in Washington, D.C.

[[Category:Engineering]]