Conservapedia - User contributions [en]

Separation of Powers

2021-06-23T02:52:37Z

Stephenmansand22: test

The '''separation of powers''' is an important part of the [[United States Constitution]], and was originally proposed by the [[Enlightenment]] philosopher [[Montesquieu]]. With the checks and balances created by the separation of powers, each of the three branches of government can limit the powers of the others. This way, no one branch becomes too powerful. A strict separation of powers doctrine has two prohibitions. First, no branch may encroach upon the powers of another. Second, no branch may delegate to another branch its [[United States Constitution|constitution]]ally assigned power.

The three branches of government are the [[Legislative branch]], the [[Judicial branch]] and the [[Executive branch]]. The Legislative branch consists of the two houses of [[Congress]]: [[United States Senate|The Senate]] and [[United States House of Representatives|The House of Representatives]]. The Judicial Branch consists of the Federal Court System led by the [[United States Supreme Court|Supreme Court]]. The Executive branch consists of the [[President of the United States|President]] and his [[Cabinet]].

[[James Madison]], [[America]]'s fourth [[President]], at the [[Constitutional Convention]] in 1787, proposes to set up the three branches of the U.S. government; Judicial, Legislative, Executive. He discovered this as the model, reading [[Isaiah]] 33:22 “For the LORD is our judge, the LORD is our lawgiver, the LORD is our final judge; He will save us.”
this would be moses v.p. aaron secratary joshua a senate or council of seventy
a congress of elected representatives

Separation of powers prevents the aggregation of [[infinite]] authority, or [[tyranny]], in one person or group.

==Powers of the Three Branches==

===Powers of the Legislative Branch===
The powers of the Legislative branch are listed in [[United States Constitution:Article I]] of the Constitution, including:
*[[Impeachment]], (The House)
*The trial of impeachments, (the Senate)
*Power To lay and collect [[Taxes]], Duties, Imposts and Excises,
*to pay the [[Debt]]s and provide for the common [[United States Department of Defense|Defense]] and general Welfare of the United States,
*To borrow [[Money]] on the [[credit]] of the United States,
*To regulate [[Commerce]] with foreign [[Nation]]s,
*To establish a uniform Rule of [[Naturalization]],
*To establish uniform [[Laws]] on the subject of [[Bankruptcy|Bankruptcies]],
*To [[coin]] [[Money]],<ref>see also [[National debt]]</ref> and regulate the Value thereof,
*To establish Post Offices and post Roads,
*To constitute [[Tribunals]] inferior to the Supreme Court,
*To [[war|declare War]],
*To raise and support [[United States Army|Armies]],
*To provide and maintain a [[United States Navy|Navy]],
*To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by the Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof.
*Ratify [[Treaties]], (two-thirds vote of the Senate)
*[[Confirm]] Presidential appointments,
*Override of Presidential [[Veto]] (two-thirds vote of each house)

===Powers of the Executive Branch===
The President has the following powers:
*Veto of [[act of Congress|acts of Congress]]
*Commander in Chief of the [[United States Armend Forces|Armed Forces]],
*Power to pardon, except in cases of impeachment,
*Make Treaties
*Appointment of Ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, Judges to the federal courts, and all other Officers of the United States,

The [[Vice President of the United States|Vice President]] has the tiebreaking vote in the Senate.

===Powers of the Judicial Branch===
The [[Jurisdiction]] of the Federal Court System includes:
*All cases arising under:
**The Constitution,
**The Laws of the United States,
**Treaties,
*All Cases involving:
**Ambassadors,
**Public Ministers,
**Consuls,
*All cases of:
**[[admirality]]
**[[maritime Jurisdiction]]
*Controversies
**To which the United States shall be a party,
**Between two or more States,
**Between Citizens of different States,
**Between Citizens of the same State claiming Lands under [[Grants]] of different States,
The Power of [[Judicial Review]] was added by the Supreme court Decision ''[[Marbury v. Madison]]'' by Chief Justice [[John Marshall]]. The power was said to be implied in Article III Section 2 of the Constitution.

==Checks and Balances==
All three branches check and balance each other.

===Legislative Branch===
The Legislative branch is checked by the other branches because of the following:
*The President's veto power,
*Judicial review,
*The Vice President is President of the Senate and has the Tiebreaking vote.

The Legislative branch checks the other branches the following ways:
*They confirm the President's appointments,
*They have the power to impeach the President,
*They can override a Presidential veto,
*The President cannot make any law that has not been passed by them,
*They can impeach Judges,
*They can limit the jurisdiction of the courts.

===Executive Branch===
The Executive branch is checked by the other branches because of the following:
*The President's appointments are confirmed by the senate,
*He is subject to impeachment,
*He cannot make laws that were not passed by congress,
*The laws that he does sign are subject to judicial review,
*His veto can be overturned by a two-thirds vote in congress.

The Executive branch checks the other branches because:
*The president has veto power,
*He appoints judges,
*He can enact decrees,
*The Vice President is President of the Senate, and has the tie-breaking vote.

Some theories, such as the [[Unitary Executive Theory]], place the President(executive) outside the reach of checks and balances.

== References ==
{{reflist|1}}

[[Category:United States Government]]

Governors of Maryland

2021-06-23T02:38:34Z

Stephenmansand22: test

A list of '''governors''' from the state of '''[[Maryland]]'''.<ref>http://www.nga.org/portal/site/nga/menuitem.8fd3d12ab65b304f8a278110501010a0?submit=Submit&State=MD</ref><ref>http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/List-of-colonial-governors-of-Maryland</ref>

==Proprietary Governors of Maryland==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name !! Years
|-
| [[Leonard Calvert]]
| 1634-1647
|-
| [[Thomas Greene]]
| 1647-1649
|-
| [[William Stone]]
| 1649-1656
|-
| [[Josias Fendall]]
| 1657-1660
|-
| [[Phillip Calvert]]
| 1660
|-
| [[Charles Calvert, 3rd Baron Baltimore]]
| 1661-1676, 1679-1684
|-
| [[Jesse Wharton]]
| 1676
|-
| [[Thomas Notley]]
| 1676-1679
|-
| [[Benedict Leonard Calvert]]
| 1684-1688
|-
| [[William Joseph]]
| 1688-1689
|}

==Leaders of the Protestant Associators==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name !! Years
|-
| [[John Coode]]
| 1689-1690
|-
| [[Nehemiah Blakiston]]
| 1690-1691
|}

==Royal Governors of Maryland==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name !! Years
|-
| [[Lionel Copley]]
| 1692-1693
|-
| [[Edmund Andros]]
| 1693, 1694
|-
| [[Thomas Lawrence]]
| 1693-1694, 1694
|-
| [[Nicholas Greenberry]]
| 1693-1694
|-
| [[Francis Nicholson]]
| 1694-1699
|-
| [[Nathaniel Blakiston]]
| 1699-1702
|-
| [[Thomas Tench]]
| 1702-1704
|-
| [[John Seymour]]
| 1704-1709
|-
| [[Edward Lloyd]]
| 1709-1714
|-
| [[John Hart]]
| 1714-1715
|}

==Restored Proprietary Governors of Maryland==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name !! Years
|-
| [[John Hart]]
| 1715-1720
|-
| [[thomas Brooke, Jr.]]
| 1720
|-
| [[Charles Calvert, 5th Baron Baltimore]]
| 1721-1727, 1732-1733
|-
| [[Benedict Leonard Calvert]]
| 1727-1731
|-
| [[Samuel Ogle]]
| 1731-1732, 1733-1742, 1746/47-1752
|-
| [[Thomas Bladen]]
| 1742-1746/47
|-
| [[Benjamin Tasker]]
| 1752-1753
|-
| [[Horatio Sharpe]]
| 1753-1769
|-
| [[Robert Eden]]
| 1769-1776
|}

==State of Maryland Governors==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name!! Party !! Years
|-
| [[Thomas Johnson]]
| [[Federalist]]
| 1777-1779
|-
| [[Thomas Sim Lee]]
| [[Federalist]]
| 1779-1782, 1792-1794
|-
| [[William Paca]]
| [[Anti-Federalist]]
| 1782-1785
|-
| [[William Smallwood]]
|
| 1785-1788
|-
| [[John Eager Howard]]
| [[Federalist]]
| 1788-1791
|-
| [[George Plater]]
| [[Federalist]]
| 1791-1792
|-
| [[James Brice]]
| Federalist
| 1792
|-
| [[John Hoskins Stone]]
| [[Federalist]]
| 1794-1797
|-
| [[John Henry]]
| [[Democrat]]
| 1797-1798
|-
| [[Benjamin Ogle]]
| [[Federalist]]
| 1798-1801
|-
| [[John Francis Mercer]]
| [[Democratic Republican]]
| 1801-1803
|-
| [[Robert Bowie]]
| [[Democratic Republican]]
| 1803-1806, 1811-1812
|-
| [[Robert Wright]]
| [[Democrat]]
| 1806-1809
|-
| [[Edward Lloyd]]
| [[Democratic Republican]]
| 1809-1811
|-
| [[Levin Winder]]
| Federalist
| 1812-1816
|-
| [[Charles Carnan Ridgely]]
| [[Federalist]]
| 1816-1819
|-
| [[Charles Goldsborough]]
| [[Federalist]]
| 1819
|-
| [[Samuel Sprigg]]
| [[Democrat/Whig]]
| 1819-1822
|-
| [[Samuel Stevens, Jr.]]
| [[Democrat]]
| 1822-1826
|-
| [[Joseph Kent]]
| [[Federalist/Democratic Republican/National Republican]]
| 1826-1829
|-
| [[Daniel Martin]]
| [[Whig]]
| 1829-1830, 1831
|-
| [[Thomas King Carroll]]
| Democrat
| 1830-1831
|-
| [[George Howard]]
| [[Whig]]
| 1831-1833
|-
| [[James Thomas]]
| Whig
| 1833-1836
|-
| [[Thomas Ward Veazey]]
| Whig
| 1836-1839
|-
| [[William Grason]]
| Federalist
| 1839-1842
|-
| [[Francis Thomas]]
| [[Democrat/Unionist/Republican]]
| 1842-1845
|-
| [[Thomas George Pratt]]
| [[Whig/Democrat]]
| 1845-1848
|-
| [[Phillip Francis Thomas]]
| Democrat
| 1848-1851
|-
| [[Enoch Louis Lowe]]
| [[Democrat]]
| 1851-1854
|-
| [[Thomas Watkins Ligon]]
| Democrat
| 1854-1858
|-
| [[Thomas Holliday Hicks]]
| [[Whig/Democrat/American/Constitutional Unionist/Republican]]
| 1858-1862
|-
| [[Augustus Williamson Bradford]]
| [[Whig/Unionist/Democrat]]
| 1862-1866
|-
| [[Thomas Swann]]
| [[American/Unionist/Democrat]]
| 1866-1869
|-
| [[Oden Bowie]]
| [[Democrat]]
| 1869-1872
|-
| [[William Pinckney Whyte]]
| Democrat
| 1872-1874
|-
| [[James Black Groome]]
| [[Democrat]]
| 1874-1876
|-
| [[John Lee Carroll]]
| Democrat
| 1876-1880
|-
| [[William Thomas Hamilton]]
| [[Democrat]]
| 1880-1884
|-
| [[Robert Milligan McLane]]
| [[Democrat]]
| 1884-1885
|-
| [[Henry Lloyd]]
| [[Democrat]]
| 1885-1888
|-
| [[Elihu Emory Jackson]]
| [[Democrat]]
| 1888-1892
|-
| [[Frank Brown]]
| Democrat
| 1892-1896
|-
| [[Lloyd Lowndes, Jr.]]
| [[Republican]]
| 1896-1900
|-
| [[John Walter Smith]]
| [[Democrat]]
| 1900-1904
|-
| [[Edwin Warfield]]
| [[Democrat]]
| 1904-1908
|-
| [[Austin Lane Crothers]]
| [[Democrat]]
| 1908-1912
|-
| [[Phillips Lee Goldsborough]]
| [[Republican]]
| 1912-1916
|-
| [[Emerson Columbus Harrington]]
| [[Democrat]]
| 1916-1920
|-
| [[Albert Cabell Ritchie]]
| [[Democrat]]
| 1920-1935
|-
| [[Harry Whinna Nice]]
| [[Republican]]
| 1935-1939
|-
| [[Herbert Romulus O’Conor]]
| [[Democrat]]
| 1939-1947
|-
| [[William Preston Lane, Jr.]]
| [[Democrat]]
| 1947-1951
|-
| [[Theodore Roosevelt McKeldin]]
| [[Republican]]
| 1951-1959
|-
| [[J. Millard Tawes]]
| [[Democrat]]
| 1959-1967
|-
| [[Spiro Agnew|Spiro Theodore Agnew]]
| [[Republican]]
| 1967-1969
|-
| [[Marvin Mandel]]
| [[Democrat]]
| 1969-1979
|-
| [[Blair Lee III]]
| [[Democrat]]
| 1977-1979
|-
| [[Harry Roe Hughes]]
| [[Democrat]]
| 1979-1987
|-
| [[William Donald Schaefer]]
| [[Democrat]]
| 1987-1995
|-
| [[Parris N. Glendening]]
| [[Democrat]]
| 1995-2003
|-
| [[Robert L. Ehrlich, Jr.]]
| [[Republican]]
| 2003-2007
|-
| [[Martin O'Malley]]
| [[Democrat]]
| 2007-2015
|-
| [[Larry Hogan]]
| [[Republican]]
| 2015–present
|}

==Notes==
<references/>
{{Governors}}
[[Category:Maryland Governors]]

Governors of Maryland

2021-06-23T02:31:40Z

Stephenmansand22: test

A list of '''governors''' from the state of '''[[Maryland]]'''.<ref>http://www.nga.org/portal/site/nga/menuitem.8fd3d12ab65b304f8a278110501010a0?submit=Submit&State=MD</ref><ref>http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/List-of-colonial-governors-of-Maryland</ref>

==Proprietary Governors of Maryland==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name !! Years
|-
| [[Leonard Calvert]]
| 1634-1647
|-
| [[Thomas Greene]]
| 1647-1649
|-
| [[William Stone]]
| 1649-1656
|-
| [[Josias Fendall]]
| 1657-1660
|-
| [[Phillip Calvert]]
| 1660
|-
| [[Charles Calvert, 3rd Baron Baltimore]]
| 1661-1676, 1679-1684
|-
| [[Jesse Wharton]]
| 1676
|-
| [[Thomas Notley]]
| 1676-1679
|-
| [[Benedict Leonard Calvert]]
| 1684-1688
|-
| [[William Joseph]]
| 1688-1689
|}

==Leaders of the Protestant Associators==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name !! Years
|-
| [[John Coode]]
| 1689-1690
|-
| [[Nehemiah Blakiston]]
| 1690-1691
|}

==Royal Governors of Maryland==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name !! Years
|-
| [[Lionel Copley]]
| 1692-1693
|-
| [[Edmund Andros]]
| 1693, 1694
|-
| [[Thomas Lawrence]]
| 1693-1694, 1694
|-
| [[Nicholas Greenberry]]
| 1693-1694
|-
| [[Francis Nicholson]]
| 1694-1699
|-
| [[Nathaniel Blakiston]]
| 1699-1702
|-
| [[Thomas Tench]]
| 1702-1704
|-
| [[John Seymour]]
| 1704-1709
|-
| [[Edward Lloyd]]
| 1709-1714
|-
| [[John Hart]]
| 1714-1715
|}

==Restored Proprietary Governors of Maryland==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name !! Years
|-
| [[John Hart]]
| 1715-1720
|-
| [[thomas Brooke, Jr.]]
| 1720
|-
| [[Charles Calvert, 5th Baron Baltimore]]
| 1721-1727, 1732-1733
|-
| [[Benedict Leonard Calvert]]
| 1727-1731
|-
| [[Samuel Ogle]]
| 1731-1732, 1733-1742, 1746/47-1752
|-
| [[Thomas Bladen]]
| 1742-1746/47
|-
| [[Benjamin Tasker]]
| 1752-1753
|-
| [[Horatio Sharpe]]
| 1753-1769
|-
| [[Robert Eden]]
| 1769-1776
|}

==State of Maryland Governors==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name!! Party !! Years
|-
| Thomas Johnson
| Federalist
| 1777-1779
|-
| Thomas Sim Lee
| Federalist
| 1779-1782, 1792-1794
|-
| William Paca
| Anti-Federalist
| 1782-1785
|-
| William Smallwood
|
| 1785-1788
|-
| John Eager Howard
| Federalist
| 1788-1791
|-
| George Plater
| Federalist
| 1791-1792
|-
| James Brice
| Federalist
| 1792
|-
| John Hoskins Stone
| Federalist
| 1794-1797
|-
| John Henry
| Democrat
| 1797-1798
|-
| Benjamin Ogle
| Federalist
| 1798-1801
|-
| John Francis Mercer
| Democratic Republican
| 1801-1803
|-
| Robert Bowie
| Democratic Republican
| 1803-1806, 1811-1812
|-
| Robert Wright
| Democrat
| 1806-1809
|-
| Edward Lloyd
| Democratic Republican
| 1809-1811
|-
| Levin Winder
| Federalist
| 1812-1816
|-
| Charles Carnan Ridgely
| Federalist
| 1816-1819
|-
| Charles Goldsborough
| Federalist
| 1819
|-
| Samuel Sprigg
| Democrat/Whig
| 1819-1822
|-
| Samuel Stevens, Jr.
| Democrat
| 1822-1826
|-
| Joseph Kent
| Federalist/Democratic Republican/National Republican
| 1826-1829
|-
| Daniel Martin
| Whig
| 1829-1830, 1831
|-
| Thomas King Carroll
| Democrat
| 1830-1831
|-
| George Howard
| Whig
| 1831-1833
|-
| James Thomas
| Whig
| 1833-1836
|-
| Thomas Ward Veazey
| Whig
| 1836-1839
|-
| William Grason
| Federalist
| 1839-1842
|-
| Francis Thomas
| Democrat/Unionist/Republican
| 1842-1845
|-
| Thomas George Pratt
| Whig/Democrat
| 1845-1848
|-
| Phillip Francis Thomas
| Democrat
| 1848-1851
|-
| Enoch Louis Lowe
| Democrat
| 1851-1854
|-
| Thomas Watkins Ligon
| Democrat
| 1854-1858
|-
| Thomas Holliday Hicks
| Whig/Democrat/American/Constitutional Unionist/Republican
| 1858-1862
|-
| Augustus Williamson Bradford
| Whig/Unionist/Democrat
| 1862-1866
|-
| Thomas Swann
| American/Unionist/Democrat
| 1866-1869
|-
| Oden Bowie
| Democrat
| 1869-1872
|-
| William Pinckney Whyte
| Democrat
| 1872-1874
|-
| James Black Groome
| Democrat
| 1874-1876
|-
| John Lee Carroll
| Democrat
| 1876-1880
|-
| William Thomas Hamilton
| Democrat
| 1880-1884
|-
| Robert Milligan McLane
| Democrat
| 1884-1885
|-
| Henry Lloyd
| Democrat
| 1885-1888
|-
| Elihu Emory Jackson
| Democrat
| 1888-1892
|-
| Frank Brown
| Democrat
| 1892-1896
|-
| Lloyd Lowndes, Jr.
| Republican
| 1896-1900
|-
| John Walter Smith
| Democrat
| 1900-1904
|-
| Edwin Warfield
| Democrat
| 1904-1908
|-
| Austin Lane Crothers
| Democrat
| 1908-1912
|-
| Phillips Lee Goldsborough
| Republican
| 1912-1916
|-
| Emerson Columbus Harrington
| Democrat
| 1916-1920
|-
| Albert Cabell Ritchie
| Democrat
| 1920-1935
|-
| Harry Whinna Nice
| Republican
| 1935-1939
|-
| Herbert Romulus O’Conor
| Democrat
| 1939-1947
|-
| William Preston Lane, Jr.
| Democrat
| 1947-1951
|-
| Theodore Roosevelt McKeldin
| Republican
| 1951-1959
|-
| J. Millard Tawes
| Democrat
| 1959-1967
|-
| [[Spiro Agnew|Spiro Theodore Agnew]]
| Republican
| 1967-1969
|-
| Marvin Mandel
| Democrat
| 1969-1979
|-
| Blair Lee III
| Democrat
| 1977-1979
|-
| Harry Roe Hughes
| Democrat
| 1979-1987
|-
| [[William Donald Schaefer]]
| Democrat
| 1987-1995
|-
| Parris N. Glendening
| Democrat
| 1995-2003
|-
| Robert L. Ehrlich, Jr.
| Republican
| 2003-2007
|-
| [[Martin O'Malley]]
| Democrat
| 2007-2015
|-
| Larry Hogan
| Republican
| 2015–present
|}

==Notes==
<references/>
{{Governors}}
[[Category:Maryland Governors]]

Governors of Maryland

2021-06-23T02:30:50Z

Stephenmansand22: test

A list of '''governors''' from the state of '''[[Maryland]]'''.<ref>http://www.nga.org/portal/site/nga/menuitem.8fd3d12ab65b304f8a278110501010a0?submit=Submit&State=MD</ref><ref>http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/List-of-colonial-governors-of-Maryland</ref>

==Proprietary Governors of Maryland==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name !! Years
|-
| [[Leonard Calvert]]
| 1634-1647
|-
| [[Thomas Greene]]
| 1647-1649
|-
| [[William Stone]]
| 1649-1656
|-
| [[Josias Fendall]]
| 1657-1660
|-
| [[Phillip Calvert]]
| 1660
|-
| [[Charles Calvert, 3rd Baron Baltimore]]
| 1661-1676, 1679-1684
|-
| [[Jesse Wharton]]
| 1676
|-
| [[Thomas Notley]]
| 1676-1679
|-
| [[Benedict Leonard Calvert]]
| 1684-1688
|-
| [[William Joseph]]
| 1688-1689
|}

==Leaders of the Protestant Associators==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name !! Years
|-
| [[John Coode]]
| 1689-1690
|-
| [[Nehemiah Blakiston]]
| 1690-1691
|}

==Royal Governors of Maryland==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name !! Years
|-
| [[Lionel Copley]]
| 1692-1693
|-
| [[Edmund Andros]]
| 1693, 1694
|-
| [[Thomas Lawrence]]
| 1693-1694, 1694
|-
| [[Nicholas Greenberry]]
| 1693-1694
|-
| [[Francis Nicholson]]
| 1694-1699
|-
| [[Nathaniel Blakiston]]
| 1699-1702
|-
| [[Thomas Tench]]
| 1702-1704
|-
| [[John Seymour]]
| 1704-1709
|-
| [[Edward Lloyd]]
| 1709-1714
|-
| [[John Hart]]
| 1714-1715
|}

==Restored Proprietary Governors of Maryland==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name !! Years
|-
| John Hart
| 1715-1720
|-
| Thomas Brooke, Jr.
| 1720
|-
| Charles Calvert, 5th Baron Baltimore
| 1721-1727, 1732-1733
|-
| Benedict Leonard Calvert
| 1727-1731
|-
| Samuel Ogle
| 1731-1732, 1733-1742, 1746/47-1752
|-
| Thomas Bladen
| 1742-1746/47
|-
| Benjamin Tasker
| 1752-1753
|-
| Horatio Sharpe
| 1753-1769
|-
| Robert Eden
| 1769-1776
|}

==State of Maryland Governors==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name!! Party !! Years
|-
| Thomas Johnson
| Federalist
| 1777-1779
|-
| Thomas Sim Lee
| Federalist
| 1779-1782, 1792-1794
|-
| William Paca
| Anti-Federalist
| 1782-1785
|-
| William Smallwood
|
| 1785-1788
|-
| John Eager Howard
| Federalist
| 1788-1791
|-
| George Plater
| Federalist
| 1791-1792
|-
| James Brice
| Federalist
| 1792
|-
| John Hoskins Stone
| Federalist
| 1794-1797
|-
| John Henry
| Democrat
| 1797-1798
|-
| Benjamin Ogle
| Federalist
| 1798-1801
|-
| John Francis Mercer
| Democratic Republican
| 1801-1803
|-
| Robert Bowie
| Democratic Republican
| 1803-1806, 1811-1812
|-
| Robert Wright
| Democrat
| 1806-1809
|-
| Edward Lloyd
| Democratic Republican
| 1809-1811
|-
| Levin Winder
| Federalist
| 1812-1816
|-
| Charles Carnan Ridgely
| Federalist
| 1816-1819
|-
| Charles Goldsborough
| Federalist
| 1819
|-
| Samuel Sprigg
| Democrat/Whig
| 1819-1822
|-
| Samuel Stevens, Jr.
| Democrat
| 1822-1826
|-
| Joseph Kent
| Federalist/Democratic Republican/National Republican
| 1826-1829
|-
| Daniel Martin
| Whig
| 1829-1830, 1831
|-
| Thomas King Carroll
| Democrat
| 1830-1831
|-
| George Howard
| Whig
| 1831-1833
|-
| James Thomas
| Whig
| 1833-1836
|-
| Thomas Ward Veazey
| Whig
| 1836-1839
|-
| William Grason
| Federalist
| 1839-1842
|-
| Francis Thomas
| Democrat/Unionist/Republican
| 1842-1845
|-
| Thomas George Pratt
| Whig/Democrat
| 1845-1848
|-
| Phillip Francis Thomas
| Democrat
| 1848-1851
|-
| Enoch Louis Lowe
| Democrat
| 1851-1854
|-
| Thomas Watkins Ligon
| Democrat
| 1854-1858
|-
| Thomas Holliday Hicks
| Whig/Democrat/American/Constitutional Unionist/Republican
| 1858-1862
|-
| Augustus Williamson Bradford
| Whig/Unionist/Democrat
| 1862-1866
|-
| Thomas Swann
| American/Unionist/Democrat
| 1866-1869
|-
| Oden Bowie
| Democrat
| 1869-1872
|-
| William Pinckney Whyte
| Democrat
| 1872-1874
|-
| James Black Groome
| Democrat
| 1874-1876
|-
| John Lee Carroll
| Democrat
| 1876-1880
|-
| William Thomas Hamilton
| Democrat
| 1880-1884
|-
| Robert Milligan McLane
| Democrat
| 1884-1885
|-
| Henry Lloyd
| Democrat
| 1885-1888
|-
| Elihu Emory Jackson
| Democrat
| 1888-1892
|-
| Frank Brown
| Democrat
| 1892-1896
|-
| Lloyd Lowndes, Jr.
| Republican
| 1896-1900
|-
| John Walter Smith
| Democrat
| 1900-1904
|-
| Edwin Warfield
| Democrat
| 1904-1908
|-
| Austin Lane Crothers
| Democrat
| 1908-1912
|-
| Phillips Lee Goldsborough
| Republican
| 1912-1916
|-
| Emerson Columbus Harrington
| Democrat
| 1916-1920
|-
| Albert Cabell Ritchie
| Democrat
| 1920-1935
|-
| Harry Whinna Nice
| Republican
| 1935-1939
|-
| Herbert Romulus O’Conor
| Democrat
| 1939-1947
|-
| William Preston Lane, Jr.
| Democrat
| 1947-1951
|-
| Theodore Roosevelt McKeldin
| Republican
| 1951-1959
|-
| J. Millard Tawes
| Democrat
| 1959-1967
|-
| [[Spiro Agnew|Spiro Theodore Agnew]]
| Republican
| 1967-1969
|-
| Marvin Mandel
| Democrat
| 1969-1979
|-
| Blair Lee III
| Democrat
| 1977-1979
|-
| Harry Roe Hughes
| Democrat
| 1979-1987
|-
| [[William Donald Schaefer]]
| Democrat
| 1987-1995
|-
| Parris N. Glendening
| Democrat
| 1995-2003
|-
| Robert L. Ehrlich, Jr.
| Republican
| 2003-2007
|-
| [[Martin O'Malley]]
| Democrat
| 2007-2015
|-
| Larry Hogan
| Republican
| 2015–present
|}

==Notes==
<references/>
{{Governors}}
[[Category:Maryland Governors]]

Governors of Maryland

2021-06-23T02:29:59Z

Stephenmansand22: test

A list of '''governors''' from the state of '''[[Maryland]]'''.<ref>http://www.nga.org/portal/site/nga/menuitem.8fd3d12ab65b304f8a278110501010a0?submit=Submit&State=MD</ref><ref>http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/List-of-colonial-governors-of-Maryland</ref>

==Proprietary Governors of Maryland==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name !! Years
|-
| [[Leonard Calvert]]
| 1634-1647
|-
| [[Thomas Greene]]
| 1647-1649
|-
| [[William Stone]]
| 1649-1656
|-
| [[Josias Fendall]]
| 1657-1660
|-
| [[Phillip Calvert]]
| 1660
|-
| [[Charles Calvert, 3rd Baron Baltimore]]
| 1661-1676, 1679-1684
|-
| [[Jesse Wharton]]
| 1676
|-
| [[Thomas Notley]]
| 1676-1679
|-
| [[Benedict Leonard Calvert]]
| 1684-1688
|-
| [[William Joseph]]
| 1688-1689
|}

==Leaders of the Protestant Associators==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name !! Years
|-
| [[John Coode]]
| 1689-1690
|-
| [[Nehemiah Blakiston]]
| 1690-1691
|}

==Royal Governors of Maryland==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name !! Years
|-
| Lionel Copley
| 1692-1693
|-
| Edmund Andros
| 1693, 1694
|-
| Thomas Lawrence
| 1693-1694, 1694
|-
| Nicholas Greenberry
| 1693-1694
|-
| Francis Nicholson
| 1694-1699
|-
| Nathaniel Blakiston
| 1699-1702
|-
| Thomas Tench
| 1702-1704
|-
| John Seymour
| 1704-1709
|-
| Edward Lloyd
| 1709-1714
|-
| John Hart
| 1714-1715
|}

==Restored Proprietary Governors of Maryland==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name !! Years
|-
| John Hart
| 1715-1720
|-
| Thomas Brooke, Jr.
| 1720
|-
| Charles Calvert, 5th Baron Baltimore
| 1721-1727, 1732-1733
|-
| Benedict Leonard Calvert
| 1727-1731
|-
| Samuel Ogle
| 1731-1732, 1733-1742, 1746/47-1752
|-
| Thomas Bladen
| 1742-1746/47
|-
| Benjamin Tasker
| 1752-1753
|-
| Horatio Sharpe
| 1753-1769
|-
| Robert Eden
| 1769-1776
|}

==State of Maryland Governors==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name!! Party !! Years
|-
| Thomas Johnson
| Federalist
| 1777-1779
|-
| Thomas Sim Lee
| Federalist
| 1779-1782, 1792-1794
|-
| William Paca
| Anti-Federalist
| 1782-1785
|-
| William Smallwood
|
| 1785-1788
|-
| John Eager Howard
| Federalist
| 1788-1791
|-
| George Plater
| Federalist
| 1791-1792
|-
| James Brice
| Federalist
| 1792
|-
| John Hoskins Stone
| Federalist
| 1794-1797
|-
| John Henry
| Democrat
| 1797-1798
|-
| Benjamin Ogle
| Federalist
| 1798-1801
|-
| John Francis Mercer
| Democratic Republican
| 1801-1803
|-
| Robert Bowie
| Democratic Republican
| 1803-1806, 1811-1812
|-
| Robert Wright
| Democrat
| 1806-1809
|-
| Edward Lloyd
| Democratic Republican
| 1809-1811
|-
| Levin Winder
| Federalist
| 1812-1816
|-
| Charles Carnan Ridgely
| Federalist
| 1816-1819
|-
| Charles Goldsborough
| Federalist
| 1819
|-
| Samuel Sprigg
| Democrat/Whig
| 1819-1822
|-
| Samuel Stevens, Jr.
| Democrat
| 1822-1826
|-
| Joseph Kent
| Federalist/Democratic Republican/National Republican
| 1826-1829
|-
| Daniel Martin
| Whig
| 1829-1830, 1831
|-
| Thomas King Carroll
| Democrat
| 1830-1831
|-
| George Howard
| Whig
| 1831-1833
|-
| James Thomas
| Whig
| 1833-1836
|-
| Thomas Ward Veazey
| Whig
| 1836-1839
|-
| William Grason
| Federalist
| 1839-1842
|-
| Francis Thomas
| Democrat/Unionist/Republican
| 1842-1845
|-
| Thomas George Pratt
| Whig/Democrat
| 1845-1848
|-
| Phillip Francis Thomas
| Democrat
| 1848-1851
|-
| Enoch Louis Lowe
| Democrat
| 1851-1854
|-
| Thomas Watkins Ligon
| Democrat
| 1854-1858
|-
| Thomas Holliday Hicks
| Whig/Democrat/American/Constitutional Unionist/Republican
| 1858-1862
|-
| Augustus Williamson Bradford
| Whig/Unionist/Democrat
| 1862-1866
|-
| Thomas Swann
| American/Unionist/Democrat
| 1866-1869
|-
| Oden Bowie
| Democrat
| 1869-1872
|-
| William Pinckney Whyte
| Democrat
| 1872-1874
|-
| James Black Groome
| Democrat
| 1874-1876
|-
| John Lee Carroll
| Democrat
| 1876-1880
|-
| William Thomas Hamilton
| Democrat
| 1880-1884
|-
| Robert Milligan McLane
| Democrat
| 1884-1885
|-
| Henry Lloyd
| Democrat
| 1885-1888
|-
| Elihu Emory Jackson
| Democrat
| 1888-1892
|-
| Frank Brown
| Democrat
| 1892-1896
|-
| Lloyd Lowndes, Jr.
| Republican
| 1896-1900
|-
| John Walter Smith
| Democrat
| 1900-1904
|-
| Edwin Warfield
| Democrat
| 1904-1908
|-
| Austin Lane Crothers
| Democrat
| 1908-1912
|-
| Phillips Lee Goldsborough
| Republican
| 1912-1916
|-
| Emerson Columbus Harrington
| Democrat
| 1916-1920
|-
| Albert Cabell Ritchie
| Democrat
| 1920-1935
|-
| Harry Whinna Nice
| Republican
| 1935-1939
|-
| Herbert Romulus O’Conor
| Democrat
| 1939-1947
|-
| William Preston Lane, Jr.
| Democrat
| 1947-1951
|-
| Theodore Roosevelt McKeldin
| Republican
| 1951-1959
|-
| J. Millard Tawes
| Democrat
| 1959-1967
|-
| [[Spiro Agnew|Spiro Theodore Agnew]]
| Republican
| 1967-1969
|-
| Marvin Mandel
| Democrat
| 1969-1979
|-
| Blair Lee III
| Democrat
| 1977-1979
|-
| Harry Roe Hughes
| Democrat
| 1979-1987
|-
| [[William Donald Schaefer]]
| Democrat
| 1987-1995
|-
| Parris N. Glendening
| Democrat
| 1995-2003
|-
| Robert L. Ehrlich, Jr.
| Republican
| 2003-2007
|-
| [[Martin O'Malley]]
| Democrat
| 2007-2015
|-
| Larry Hogan
| Republican
| 2015–present
|}

==Notes==
<references/>
{{Governors}}
[[Category:Maryland Governors]]

Governors of Maryland

2021-06-23T02:29:35Z

Stephenmansand22: test

A list of '''governors''' from the state of '''[[Maryland]]'''.<ref>http://www.nga.org/portal/site/nga/menuitem.8fd3d12ab65b304f8a278110501010a0?submit=Submit&State=MD</ref><ref>http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/List-of-colonial-governors-of-Maryland</ref>

==Proprietary Governors of Maryland==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name !! Years
|-
| [[Leonard Calvert]]
| 1634-1647
|-
| [[Thomas Greene]]
| 1647-1649
|-
| [[William Stone]]
| 1649-1656
|-
| [[Josias Fendall]]
| 1657-1660
|-
| [[Phillip Calvert]]
| 1660
|-
| [[Charles Calvert, 3rd Baron Baltimore]]
| 1661-1676, 1679-1684
|-
| [[Jesse Wharton]]
| 1676
|-
| [[Thomas Notley]]
| 1676-1679
|-
| [[Benedict Leonard Calvert]]
| 1684-1688
|-
| [[William Joseph]]
| 1688-1689
|}

==Leaders of the Protestant Associators==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name !! Years
|-
| John Coode
| 1689-1690
|-
| Nehemiah Blakiston
| 1690-1691
|}

==Royal Governors of Maryland==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name !! Years
|-
| Lionel Copley
| 1692-1693
|-
| Edmund Andros
| 1693, 1694
|-
| Thomas Lawrence
| 1693-1694, 1694
|-
| Nicholas Greenberry
| 1693-1694
|-
| Francis Nicholson
| 1694-1699
|-
| Nathaniel Blakiston
| 1699-1702
|-
| Thomas Tench
| 1702-1704
|-
| John Seymour
| 1704-1709
|-
| Edward Lloyd
| 1709-1714
|-
| John Hart
| 1714-1715
|}

==Restored Proprietary Governors of Maryland==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name !! Years
|-
| John Hart
| 1715-1720
|-
| Thomas Brooke, Jr.
| 1720
|-
| Charles Calvert, 5th Baron Baltimore
| 1721-1727, 1732-1733
|-
| Benedict Leonard Calvert
| 1727-1731
|-
| Samuel Ogle
| 1731-1732, 1733-1742, 1746/47-1752
|-
| Thomas Bladen
| 1742-1746/47
|-
| Benjamin Tasker
| 1752-1753
|-
| Horatio Sharpe
| 1753-1769
|-
| Robert Eden
| 1769-1776
|}

==State of Maryland Governors==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name!! Party !! Years
|-
| Thomas Johnson
| Federalist
| 1777-1779
|-
| Thomas Sim Lee
| Federalist
| 1779-1782, 1792-1794
|-
| William Paca
| Anti-Federalist
| 1782-1785
|-
| William Smallwood
|
| 1785-1788
|-
| John Eager Howard
| Federalist
| 1788-1791
|-
| George Plater
| Federalist
| 1791-1792
|-
| James Brice
| Federalist
| 1792
|-
| John Hoskins Stone
| Federalist
| 1794-1797
|-
| John Henry
| Democrat
| 1797-1798
|-
| Benjamin Ogle
| Federalist
| 1798-1801
|-
| John Francis Mercer
| Democratic Republican
| 1801-1803
|-
| Robert Bowie
| Democratic Republican
| 1803-1806, 1811-1812
|-
| Robert Wright
| Democrat
| 1806-1809
|-
| Edward Lloyd
| Democratic Republican
| 1809-1811
|-
| Levin Winder
| Federalist
| 1812-1816
|-
| Charles Carnan Ridgely
| Federalist
| 1816-1819
|-
| Charles Goldsborough
| Federalist
| 1819
|-
| Samuel Sprigg
| Democrat/Whig
| 1819-1822
|-
| Samuel Stevens, Jr.
| Democrat
| 1822-1826
|-
| Joseph Kent
| Federalist/Democratic Republican/National Republican
| 1826-1829
|-
| Daniel Martin
| Whig
| 1829-1830, 1831
|-
| Thomas King Carroll
| Democrat
| 1830-1831
|-
| George Howard
| Whig
| 1831-1833
|-
| James Thomas
| Whig
| 1833-1836
|-
| Thomas Ward Veazey
| Whig
| 1836-1839
|-
| William Grason
| Federalist
| 1839-1842
|-
| Francis Thomas
| Democrat/Unionist/Republican
| 1842-1845
|-
| Thomas George Pratt
| Whig/Democrat
| 1845-1848
|-
| Phillip Francis Thomas
| Democrat
| 1848-1851
|-
| Enoch Louis Lowe
| Democrat
| 1851-1854
|-
| Thomas Watkins Ligon
| Democrat
| 1854-1858
|-
| Thomas Holliday Hicks
| Whig/Democrat/American/Constitutional Unionist/Republican
| 1858-1862
|-
| Augustus Williamson Bradford
| Whig/Unionist/Democrat
| 1862-1866
|-
| Thomas Swann
| American/Unionist/Democrat
| 1866-1869
|-
| Oden Bowie
| Democrat
| 1869-1872
|-
| William Pinckney Whyte
| Democrat
| 1872-1874
|-
| James Black Groome
| Democrat
| 1874-1876
|-
| John Lee Carroll
| Democrat
| 1876-1880
|-
| William Thomas Hamilton
| Democrat
| 1880-1884
|-
| Robert Milligan McLane
| Democrat
| 1884-1885
|-
| Henry Lloyd
| Democrat
| 1885-1888
|-
| Elihu Emory Jackson
| Democrat
| 1888-1892
|-
| Frank Brown
| Democrat
| 1892-1896
|-
| Lloyd Lowndes, Jr.
| Republican
| 1896-1900
|-
| John Walter Smith
| Democrat
| 1900-1904
|-
| Edwin Warfield
| Democrat
| 1904-1908
|-
| Austin Lane Crothers
| Democrat
| 1908-1912
|-
| Phillips Lee Goldsborough
| Republican
| 1912-1916
|-
| Emerson Columbus Harrington
| Democrat
| 1916-1920
|-
| Albert Cabell Ritchie
| Democrat
| 1920-1935
|-
| Harry Whinna Nice
| Republican
| 1935-1939
|-
| Herbert Romulus O’Conor
| Democrat
| 1939-1947
|-
| William Preston Lane, Jr.
| Democrat
| 1947-1951
|-
| Theodore Roosevelt McKeldin
| Republican
| 1951-1959
|-
| J. Millard Tawes
| Democrat
| 1959-1967
|-
| [[Spiro Agnew|Spiro Theodore Agnew]]
| Republican
| 1967-1969
|-
| Marvin Mandel
| Democrat
| 1969-1979
|-
| Blair Lee III
| Democrat
| 1977-1979
|-
| Harry Roe Hughes
| Democrat
| 1979-1987
|-
| [[William Donald Schaefer]]
| Democrat
| 1987-1995
|-
| Parris N. Glendening
| Democrat
| 1995-2003
|-
| Robert L. Ehrlich, Jr.
| Republican
| 2003-2007
|-
| [[Martin O'Malley]]
| Democrat
| 2007-2015
|-
| Larry Hogan
| Republican
| 2015–present
|}

==Notes==
<references/>
{{Governors}}
[[Category:Maryland Governors]]