Conservapedia - User contributions [en]

Pyrolysis-mass-spectrometry

2011-08-03T03:30:32Z

SteinJ: Created page with "Pyrolysis-mass spectrometry is an analytical technique in which samples (typically polymeric) are rapidly thermally decomposed to produce smaller fragments which are detected by ..."

Pyrolysis-mass spectrometry is an analytical technique in which samples (typically polymeric) are rapidly thermally decomposed to produce smaller fragments which are detected by a [[mass spectrometer]].
[[Category:Chemistry]]

Insulin

2011-08-03T02:49:09Z

SteinJ:

'''Insulin''' is a polypeptide hormone synthesized by the beta cells of the Islets of Langerhans within the [[pancreas]]. Insulin stimulates the cells of the body to take up [[glucose]] for cellular metabolism and storage. People who have an insulin deficiency develop the disease [[diabetes]]. Suffers either manifest insulin insensitivity where cells are rendered unresponsive to the hormone, or autoimmune destruction of the beta cells leading to decreased secretion of insulin.

Insulin that is administered in the treatment of diabetes is now made biosynthetically by a [[genetically modified]], non-disease producing strain of ''Escherichia coli'' bacteria. This method creates an insulin with relatively few impurities compared to the old method of extraction from bovine (cow) or porcine (pig) pancreas, although high-pressure [[liquid chromatography]] (HPLC) methods ensure that all forms of insulin reach a high level of purity.

Insulin was discovered by Canadian Fredrick Banting in 1921. He and fellow Canadian [[John James Richard McCloud]] would win the [[Nobel Prize]] in Medicine soon afterwards, in 1923.

[[category:biology]]

Chemistry

2011-08-03T02:28:22Z

SteinJ:

'''Chemistry''' (The origin of the word is undetermined) is the study of structure, composition, and properties of matter, as well as the interactions of chemical elements and compounds. Along with [[physics]], chemistry is one of the physical sciences. Chemistry is the modern counterpart to [[alchemy]]. Chemistry be divided into several sub-branches.

== Basic Concepts ==

Each Discipline of Chemistry has specific concepts that relate to it, however there are some concepts that are universal to the study of Chemistry, some of which are below:

=== Element ===

{{main|Element}}
An Element is a single type of [[atom]], and is defined by its [[Atomic Number]], or the number of protons present in the [[nucleus]] of the atom. All known elements are grouped together in the [[Periodic table of the elements]].

=== Atom ===

{{main|Atom}}
An atom is a particle of matter indivisible by chemical means [1] which form the building blocks of molecules.
In the atomic [[nucleus]] there are positively charged [[protons]] and electrically neutral [[neutrons]]. Spinning around the nucleus are negatively charged [[electrons]].

=== Molecule ===

{{main|Molecule}}
A molecule is an electronically neutral grouping of two or more atoms by [[covalent bond]]s. A molecule may contain more than one element, although this case is generally referred to as a [[compound]].

== Disciplines of Chemistry ==

* [[Organic chemistry]]- The study of chemical compounds containing [[carbon]]
* [[Inorganic chemistry]]- The study of [[inorganic compounds]]
* [[Physical chemistry]]- The application of [[Physics]] to chemical compounds and systems
* [[Analytic chemistry]]- The study of chemical composition
* [[Biochemistry]]- The study of the chemical processes of life.
* [[Supramolecular chemistry]]- The study of non covalent bonding interactions between molecules

== Notable Chemists ==

* [[Antoine Lavoisier]]
* [[Dmitri Mendelelev]]
* [[Michael Faraday]]
* [[Linus Pauling]]
* [[Alfred Nobel]]
* [[Izaak Kolthoff]]
== See Also ==
*[[Chemistry terms]]
[[Category:Chemistry]]

Element

2011-08-03T02:25:25Z

SteinJ:

An '''element''' is a single type of [[atom]] as defined by its [[atomic number]], which is the number of [[protons]] in its [[nucleus]].<ref>Wile, Dr. Jay L. ''Exploring Creation With Physical Science''. Apologia Educational Ministries, Inc. 1999, 2000</ref> In contrast, a single element may have varying [[mass number]]s, relating to the number of neutrons in its nucleus.

The element [[hydrogen]] has only one proton whereas the element [[uranium]] has 92, and there are elements with even more protons than that. However, uranium is the largest of the stable elements occurring in nature.

All known elements are listed on the [[periodic table]], with the heavier ones produced in a laboratory. Joining atoms of the same or different elements produces chemical [[compound]]s. The elements and their compounds make up all matter on the earth and quite possibly all matter outside of the earth as well.

==See also==
*[[Native element]]
*[[Periodic table of the elements]]

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Elements| ]]

Covalent bonds

2011-08-03T01:39:10Z

SteinJ:

A covalent bond is an interaction between two atoms involving the sharing of electrons.
[[Category:Chemistry]]

Covalent bonds

2011-08-03T01:37:53Z

SteinJ: Created page with "A covalent bond is an interaction between two atoms involving the sharing of electrons."

A covalent bond is an interaction between two atoms involving the sharing of electrons.

Chemistry

2011-08-03T01:32:48Z

SteinJ: not necessarily cells

'''Chemistry''' (The origin of the word is undetermined) is the study of structure, composition, and properties of matter, as well as the interactions of chemical elements and compounds. Along with [[physics]], chemistry is one of the physical sciences. Chemistry is the modern counterpart to [[alchemy]]. Chemistry be divided into several sub-branches.

== Basic Concepts ==

Each Discipline of Chemistry has specific concepts that relate to it, however there are some concepts that are universal to the study of Chemistry, some of which are below:

=== Element ===

{{main|Element}}
An Element is a single type of [[atom]], and is defined by its [[Atomic Number]], or the number of protons present in the [[nucleus]] of the atom. All known elements are grouped together in the [[Periodic table of the elements]].

=== Atom ===

{{main|Atom}}
An atom is a particle of matter indivisible by chemical means [1] which form the building blocks of molecules.
In the atomic [[nucleus]] there are positively charged [[protons]] and electrically neutral [[neutrons]]. Spinning around the nucleus are negatively charged [[electrons]].

=== Molecule ===

{{main|Molecule}}
A molecule is an electronically neutral grouping of two or more atoms by [[covalent bonds]]. A molecule may contain more than one element, although this case is generally referred to as a [[compound]].

== Disciplines of Chemistry ==

* [[Organic chemistry]]- The study of chemical compounds containing [[carbon]]
* [[Inorganic chemistry]]- The study of [[inorganic compounds]]
* [[Physical chemistry]]- The application of [[Physics]] to chemical compounds and systems
* [[Analytic chemistry]]- The study of chemical composition
* [[Biochemistry]]- The study of the chemical processes of life.
* [[Supramolecular chemistry]]- The study of non covalent bonding interactions between molecules

== Notable Chemists ==

* [[Antoine Lavoisier]]
* [[Dmitri Mendelelev]]
* [[Michael Faraday]]
* [[Linus Pauling]]
* [[Alfred Nobel]]
* [[Izaak Kolthoff]]
== See Also ==
*[[Chemistry terms]]
[[Category:Chemistry]]

Talk:Molecule

2011-08-03T01:04:35Z

SteinJ:

Several things need to be added to this file (at least the way I have just rewritten it). Where I refer to descriptions, we need some good examples - like suger and perhaps an alcohol or aldehyde formula showing how sometimes partial groups are isolated. Also, there is a word or acronym for the formal text based way of "fully" describing a molecule's structure, and I can't remember it right now. A few pictures would go a long way, as well. [[User:Human|Human]] 14:20, 15 April 2007 (EDT)

SMILES (simplified molecular input line entry specification) SteinJ 21:04, 2 August 2011 (EDT)

Talk:Chemistry

2011-08-03T00:40:02Z

SteinJ: A lot of work needed

There are MANY more branches other than organic, physical, and "general", which isn't even a field of chemistry. It appears that someone opened up a college course book and picked the only courses that contained one adjective. What about inorganic chemistry (which deserves the definition given to general), analytical chemistry, or biochemistry. Also, physical is not a sub group, subgroups are ones such as bioanalytical chemistry or physical organic or physical inorganic etc. PLEASE someone do this article justice. {{unsigned|DrCody}}

:Perhaps you could have a go at it? [[User:Philip J. Rayment|Philip J. Rayment]] 07:58, 5 July 2007 (EDT)

Well, I'm going to give this a shot... feel free to help, I'll do some editing when I get a chance. Any other out there drop me a line : )--[[User:Davejac|Davejac]] 22:38, 29 June 2008 (EDT)

=== Rewrite of Page ===

As time permits I'm going to begin working on a major rewrite of this page (and hopefully many more of the chemistry pages). Please feel free to add anything that you see fit or contact me with any suggestions. --[[User:MRellek|MRellek]] 22:03, 5 July 2011 (EDT)

Entire chemistry section needs some serious input. Will make changes as time permits.SteinJ 20:40, 2 August 2011 (EDT)