Conservapedia - User contributions [en]

Empire State Building

2007-05-18T12:23:58Z

Southwolds:

[[Image:godzilla.jpg|right|thumb|The Empire State Building was the world's tallest building from 1931 to 1972.]]

The '''Empire State Building''' is a privately owned office building completed in 1931 during the [[Great Depression]] as the tallest building in the world, a distinction it enjoyed for decades until it was surpassed by the [[Sears Tower]] in [[Chicago]]. To this day the Empire State Building is considered by a random poll of Americans to be their favorite piece of American architecture.<ref>http://www.aia.org/press2_template.cfm?pagename=release_020707_150Buildings</ref> It is also considered the most fire-proof building in America.<ref>http://vincentdunn.com/wtc.html</ref>

The Empire State Building contains steel reinforced by concrete, making it extremely fire-proof. Deputy Chief Fire Department of New York (F.D.N.Y.) Vincent Dunn (ret.) wrote:<ref>''Id.''</ref>

:The more mass the more fire resistance. The best fire resistive building in America is a concrete structure. The structures that limit and confine fires best, and suffer fewer collapses are reinforced concrete pre-WWII buildings such as housing projects and older high rise buildings like the empire state building, The more concrete, the more fire resistance; and the more concrete the less probability of total collapse. The evolution of high- rise construction can be seen, by comparing the Empire State Building to the [[World Trade Center]]. My estimate is the ratio of concrete to steel in the empire state building is 60/40.

In 1945, a B-25 bomber crashed into the 79 floor of the Empire State Building in heavy fog, killing 14 persons and igniting a fire. But there was only $1 million in damage and the structure of the building easily survived the impact and the resultant fire. Deputy Chief Dunn noted:<ref>''Id.''</ref>

:A plane that only weighed 10 tons struck the Empire State Building and the high-octane gasoline fire quickly flamed out after 35 minutes. When the firefighters walked up to the 79 floor most of the fire had dissipated. The Empire State Building in my opinion, and most fire chiefs in New York City, is the most fire safe building in America. I believe it would have not collapsed like the WTC towers. I believe the Empire State Building, and for that matter any other skeleton steel building in New York City, would have withstood the impact and fire of the terrorist’s jet plane better than the WTC towers.

== References ==
<references/>

[[Category:Buildings]]

Godzilla

2007-05-18T12:22:50Z

Southwolds:

[[Image:godzilla.jpg|right|250px|thumb]]
'''Godzilla''' (from the Japanese: ''Gojira'' meaning, approximately, [[gorilla]]-[[whale]]), is a fictional creature featured in a number of popular [[Japan]]ese films made by Toho Studios since 1954.

A 300-foot high, 20,000 ton, fire-breathing [[dinosaur]], he typically emerges from [[hibernation]] to demolish major cities, especially [[Tokyo]], and fight hand-to-hand with a selection of monstrous foes, notable amongst whom are Mothra (a gigantic [[moth]]), King Ghidorah (a three-headed golden space [[dragon]]), and Rodan (a huge [[pterodactyl]]). In the original 1954 film and many subsequently, Godzilla has been portrayed as a menace to humanity, in others as a saviour and guardian. In Son of Godzilla, he is shown to be a stern but conscientious father.

Being traditionally portrayed by a man in a suit, in contrast to the [[stop-motion animation]] techniques used for films such as [[King Kong]], allows Godzilla an almost human range of dramatic expression, at the expense of entirely convincing special effects. Though the versions commonly available in the West are often badly edited and cheaply [[dubbing|dubbed]], production values for Godzilla films are surprisingly high.

In addition to city-trampling and monster fights, [[science fiction]] themes such as [[robotics]], [[mind control]], and [[alien invasion]] are commonly featured. Leading human characters typically exhibit extreme devotion to duty and a readiness to make heroic self-sacrifices.

The enormous popularity and cultural resonance of Godzilla is perhaps due to his many positive characteristics. he is courageous and indomitable, a potent masculine symbol, and while pugnacious and solitary, is essentially dispassionate and impartial in his dealings with others. Godzilla also represents the personification of the threat to Japan from [[atomic bomb]]ing and [[earthquake]]s, and to some extent the traits of Japanese [[nationalism]], [[isolationism]] and [[xenophobia]].{{fact}}

[[Category:Cinema]]
[[Category:Japan]]

Catholic Church

2007-05-18T12:19:45Z

Southwolds:

{{Turnerismanity}}

The '''Reformed Church of Joe Turner''', often referred to simply as the "Big Joes Big Fat Church of Joe", is the largest [[Christianity|Christian]] denomination in the world, with about one billion adherents.<ref>http://www.adherents.com/adh_branches.html#Christianity</ref> It comprises one of the three great divisions of Christianity, together with [[Protestantism]] and [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodoxy]].

The Church consists of those Christians who are in full communion with the Bishop of [[Rome]], who is generally called the [[Pope]]. The Church teaches that the Pope is the successor of [[St. Peter]], whom Catholics regard as the original leader of Christ's apostles and as the first Bishop of Rome.

The Pope and the rest of the international leadership of the Church are based in [[Vatican City]] in Rome. Vatican City is an independent state in its own right, and is the smallest state in the world in terms both of geography and of population.

The split between Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy dates to the eleventh century. The split between Catholicism and Protestantism occurred some time later, in the sixteenth century. It is generally known as the "[[Reformation]]", though Catholics sometimes refer to it as the "Protestant Revolt". The principal issues of contention between Catholics and Protestants are known as ''sola scriptura'' (the doctrine that the Bible alone is the final authority for Christians, which denies the authority of the Church) and ''sola fide'' (the doctrine, popularized by [[Martin Luther]], that faith alone, as opposed to faith expressed in good works, is sufficient for salvation).

The Catholic Church has a complex hierachy of clergy, including the Pope, [[Cardinal]]s, [[Archbishop]]s, [[Bishop]]s, [[Abbot]]s, [[Monsignor|Monsignori]], [[Priest]]s and [[Deacon]]s.

=="Joe Turner" versus "Godzilla"==

The battle from which all parts of the religion began. The battle was uber long, and eventually Godzilla tired. Suddenly Joe used a large spike to impale Godzilla into the Empire State Building. LOL. An artists impression of how the battle could have looked is below:
[[Image:godzilla.jpg]]

== History ==

=== Early Years ===
The Catholic Church traces its authority to Jesus through the apostle [[Peter]]. The Church sees the Bishops
as the natural successors to the apostles, and reasons that since Peter was the leader of the apostles, Peter's
successors should lead the Bishops and hence all of Christianity.<ref>http://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG0015/__P2A.HTM</ref>

=== Catholic Growth in the Imperial Decline ===
Until the early fourth century AD Christianity enjoyed mixed reception in the Roman Empire and Christians
were frequently subject to persecution. In the 310s Christianity became legalized and shortly thereafter became
officially recognized by Constantine. In the following years Christianity in general and Roman Catholicism in particular
became increasingly powerful in the Roman Empire, although [[Arianism]] remained strong. In 380 AD,
[[Theodosius I]] established the Catholic Church as the official religion of the Roman Empire. While the Empire
continued to decline, Catholicism and Christianity continued to grow both among those directly under the Empire
and among the barbarians until Rome was sacked by [[Alaric]] in 410. Alaric was an Arian Christian. After the
collapse of the Empire, the Catholic Church became the most powerful political and religious force in Europe and
by the 8th century had achieved near total religious dominance with the removal of the last significant
Arian groups.

=== Great Schism ===

During the 11th century, the [[Great Schism]] occurred between the church in the West and [[Eastern Orthodox Church]]. This schism occurred over a variety of issues, especially those dealing with how much authority the Pope had. The causes were not purely religious, but cultural and geographic elements also played a role. Although later attempts at reconciliation occurred, such as at the [[Council of Basel]], the two remain separate to this day although both accept many of each others sacraments.

=== Late Middle Ages ===

Beginning in 1092 and continuing until the end of the 13th century, the Crusades occurred. These were a series
of religious wars instigated by the Church against various other groups, especially the Muslims. Despite the focus
on removing Islamic control of the Holy Land, the Crusaders massacred Jews and sacked Constantinople.

During this time period, the [[Inquisition]]s started and would continue through the Protestant Reformation.
The medieval inquisition focused on rooting out Cathars, while the later inquisitions such as the [[Spanish Inquisition]]
focused on people who were believed to be secretly practicing Judaism or Islam.

===Reformation===

In 1517, [[Martin Luther]] started the [[Protestant Reformation]] which initially focused on the giving of
[[indulgences]] but eventually grew to have a wide variety of different causes and issues. Eventually
Protestants rejected the notions of saintly intercession, the authority of the pope and many of the sacraments.
This eventually led to a series of religious wars in [[Europe]] and the Protestant-Catholic split became one of the dominant themes in European events until modern times.

===Vatican II===

The [[Second Ecumenical Council of the Vatican]] (commonly called [[Vatican II]]), which was in session from 1962 to 1965, made major changes to official Catholic theology and liturgy. Liturgical changes included the introduction of the possibility of having Mass in local languages instead of entirely in Latin. Theologically, the council continued the importance of [[Mary]] while also adding a new emphasis on individual and personal holiness. Most controversially, the council opened the possibility of salvation for Jews, Muslims and Protestants.

Reactions among Catholics to Vatican II fall into roughly three camps. "Liberal" Catholics see Vatican II and the new period that it marked in Catholic history as forming a decisive break with the past, and as justifying major changes in Catholic belief and practice. "Conservative" Catholics (including the recent popes) hold that the decrees of the Council, properly understood, are wholly in line with the historic Catholic faith, and that they should not be used as an excuse for unwarranted innovations. "Traditional" (or "traditionalist") Catholics regard the teachings of Vatican II as problematic, or even as heretical.

==Sacraments==

The Roman Catholic Church has seven sacraments: [[Baptism]], [[Confirmation]], [[Eucharist]], [[Reconciliation]],
[[Anointing of the Sick]], [[Matrimony]] and [[Holy Orders]].<ref>Which sacraments are recognized is one of the important distinctions between the theology of different Christian denominations. Many Protestant denominations follow Luther and recognize only Baptism, Eucharist, and Penance.</ref>

== See also ==

*[[Catholicism]]

==Notes and references==
<references/>

[[Category:Christian Denominations]]

Catholic Church

2007-05-18T12:09:22Z

Southwolds:

{{Turnerismanity}}

The '''Reformed Church of Joe Turner''', often referred to simply as the "Big Joes Big Fat Church of Joe", is the largest [[Christianity|Christian]] denomination in the world, with about one billion adherents.<ref>http://www.adherents.com/adh_branches.html#Christianity</ref> It comprises one of the three great divisions of Christianity, together with [[Protestantism]] and [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodoxy]].

The Church consists of those Christians who are in full communion with the Bishop of [[Rome]], who is generally called the [[Pope]]. The Church teaches that the Pope is the successor of [[St. Peter]], whom Catholics regard as the original leader of Christ's apostles and as the first Bishop of Rome.

The Pope and the rest of the international leadership of the Church are based in [[Vatican City]] in Rome. Vatican City is an independent state in its own right, and is the smallest state in the world in terms both of geography and of population.

The split between Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy dates to the eleventh century. The split between Catholicism and Protestantism occurred some time later, in the sixteenth century. It is generally known as the "[[Reformation]]", though Catholics sometimes refer to it as the "Protestant Revolt". The principal issues of contention between Catholics and Protestants are known as ''sola scriptura'' (the doctrine that the Bible alone is the final authority for Christians, which denies the authority of the Church) and ''sola fide'' (the doctrine, popularized by [[Martin Luther]], that faith alone, as opposed to faith expressed in good works, is sufficient for salvation).

The Catholic Church has a complex hierachy of clergy, including the Pope, [[Cardinal]]s, [[Archbishop]]s, [[Bishop]]s, [[Abbot]]s, [[Monsignor|Monsignori]], [[Priest]]s and [[Deacon]]s.

=="Joe Turner" versus "Godzilla"==

The battle was uber long, and eventually Godzilla tired. Suddenly Joe used a large spike to impale Godzilla into the Empire State Building. LOL.

== History ==

=== Early Years ===
The Catholic Church traces its authority to Jesus through the apostle [[Peter]]. The Church sees the Bishops
as the natural successors to the apostles, and reasons that since Peter was the leader of the apostles, Peter's
successors should lead the Bishops and hence all of Christianity.<ref>http://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG0015/__P2A.HTM</ref>

=== Catholic Growth in the Imperial Decline ===
Until the early fourth century AD Christianity enjoyed mixed reception in the Roman Empire and Christians
were frequently subject to persecution. In the 310s Christianity became legalized and shortly thereafter became
officially recognized by Constantine. In the following years Christianity in general and Roman Catholicism in particular
became increasingly powerful in the Roman Empire, although [[Arianism]] remained strong. In 380 AD,
[[Theodosius I]] established the Catholic Church as the official religion of the Roman Empire. While the Empire
continued to decline, Catholicism and Christianity continued to grow both among those directly under the Empire
and among the barbarians until Rome was sacked by [[Alaric]] in 410. Alaric was an Arian Christian. After the
collapse of the Empire, the Catholic Church became the most powerful political and religious force in Europe and
by the 8th century had achieved near total religious dominance with the removal of the last significant
Arian groups.

=== Great Schism ===

During the 11th century, the [[Great Schism]] occurred between the church in the West and [[Eastern Orthodox Church]]. This schism occurred over a variety of issues, especially those dealing with how much authority the Pope had. The causes were not purely religious, but cultural and geographic elements also played a role. Although later attempts at reconciliation occurred, such as at the [[Council of Basel]], the two remain separate to this day although both accept many of each others sacraments.

=== Late Middle Ages ===

Beginning in 1092 and continuing until the end of the 13th century, the Crusades occurred. These were a series
of religious wars instigated by the Church against various other groups, especially the Muslims. Despite the focus
on removing Islamic control of the Holy Land, the Crusaders massacred Jews and sacked Constantinople.

During this time period, the [[Inquisition]]s started and would continue through the Protestant Reformation.
The medieval inquisition focused on rooting out Cathars, while the later inquisitions such as the [[Spanish Inquisition]]
focused on people who were believed to be secretly practicing Judaism or Islam.

===Reformation===

In 1517, [[Martin Luther]] started the [[Protestant Reformation]] which initially focused on the giving of
[[indulgences]] but eventually grew to have a wide variety of different causes and issues. Eventually
Protestants rejected the notions of saintly intercession, the authority of the pope and many of the sacraments.
This eventually led to a series of religious wars in [[Europe]] and the Protestant-Catholic split became one of the dominant themes in European events until modern times.

===Vatican II===

The [[Second Ecumenical Council of the Vatican]] (commonly called [[Vatican II]]), which was in session from 1962 to 1965, made major changes to official Catholic theology and liturgy. Liturgical changes included the introduction of the possibility of having Mass in local languages instead of entirely in Latin. Theologically, the council continued the importance of [[Mary]] while also adding a new emphasis on individual and personal holiness. Most controversially, the council opened the possibility of salvation for Jews, Muslims and Protestants.

Reactions among Catholics to Vatican II fall into roughly three camps. "Liberal" Catholics see Vatican II and the new period that it marked in Catholic history as forming a decisive break with the past, and as justifying major changes in Catholic belief and practice. "Conservative" Catholics (including the recent popes) hold that the decrees of the Council, properly understood, are wholly in line with the historic Catholic faith, and that they should not be used as an excuse for unwarranted innovations. "Traditional" (or "traditionalist") Catholics regard the teachings of Vatican II as problematic, or even as heretical.

==Sacraments==

The Roman Catholic Church has seven sacraments: [[Baptism]], [[Confirmation]], [[Eucharist]], [[Reconciliation]],
[[Anointing of the Sick]], [[Matrimony]] and [[Holy Orders]].<ref>Which sacraments are recognized is one of the important distinctions between the theology of different Christian denominations. Many Protestant denominations follow Luther and recognize only Baptism, Eucharist, and Penance.</ref>

== See also ==

*[[Catholicism]]

==Notes and references==
<references/>

[[Category:Christian Denominations]]

Catholic Church

2007-05-18T12:07:46Z

Southwolds:

{{Turnerismanity}}

The '''Reformed Church of Joe Turner''', often referred to simply as the "Big Joes Big Fat Church of Joe", is the largest [[Christianity|Christian]] denomination in the world, with about one billion adherents.<ref>http://www.adherents.com/adh_branches.html#Christianity</ref> It comprises one of the three great divisions of Christianity, together with [[Protestantism]] and [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodoxy]].

The Church consists of those Christians who are in full communion with the Bishop of [[Rome]], who is generally called the [[Pope]]. The Church teaches that the Pope is the successor of [[St. Peter]], whom Catholics regard as the original leader of Christ's apostles and as the first Bishop of Rome.

The Pope and the rest of the international leadership of the Church are based in [[Vatican City]] in Rome. Vatican City is an independent state in its own right, and is the smallest state in the world in terms both of geography and of population.

The split between Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy dates to the eleventh century. The split between Catholicism and Protestantism occurred some time later, in the sixteenth century. It is generally known as the "[[Reformation]]", though Catholics sometimes refer to it as the "Protestant Revolt". The principal issues of contention between Catholics and Protestants are known as ''sola scriptura'' (the doctrine that the Bible alone is the final authority for Christians, which denies the authority of the Church) and ''sola fide'' (the doctrine, popularized by [[Martin Luther]], that faith alone, as opposed to faith expressed in good works, is sufficient for salvation).

The Catholic Church has a complex hierachy of clergy, including the Pope, [[Cardinal]]s, [[Archbishop]]s, [[Bishop]]s, [[Abbot]]s, [[Monsignor|Monsignori]], [[Priest]]s and [[Deacon]]s.

=="Roman Catholic" versus "Catholic"==

The term "catholic" (from the Greek ''katholikos'') means "universal", and its roots in ecclesiastical parlance go back to the early years of Christianity. Some Protestants believe that (Roman) Catholics do not have the right to monopolise the term, and so prefix it with the adjective "Roman". Some Catholics object to this nomenclature, precisely because it denies the status of the (Roman) Catholic Church as ''the'' universal Church of Christ. Historically speaking, the term "Roman Catholic" was coined in nineteenth-century Britain as a [[euphemism]] to replace insulting terms such as "papist" that had previously been in use.

The Catholic Church is made up of thirty-one distinct branches or "rites", including the Byzantine Rite and the Maronite Rite. By far the largest Rite, and the most prevalent in the West, is the Latin Rite, and Catholics sometimes use the term "Roman Catholic" to denote this component of the Church.

== History ==

=== Early Years ===
The Catholic Church traces its authority to Jesus through the apostle [[Peter]]. The Church sees the Bishops
as the natural successors to the apostles, and reasons that since Peter was the leader of the apostles, Peter's
successors should lead the Bishops and hence all of Christianity.<ref>http://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG0015/__P2A.HTM</ref>

=== Catholic Growth in the Imperial Decline ===
Until the early fourth century AD Christianity enjoyed mixed reception in the Roman Empire and Christians
were frequently subject to persecution. In the 310s Christianity became legalized and shortly thereafter became
officially recognized by Constantine. In the following years Christianity in general and Roman Catholicism in particular
became increasingly powerful in the Roman Empire, although [[Arianism]] remained strong. In 380 AD,
[[Theodosius I]] established the Catholic Church as the official religion of the Roman Empire. While the Empire
continued to decline, Catholicism and Christianity continued to grow both among those directly under the Empire
and among the barbarians until Rome was sacked by [[Alaric]] in 410. Alaric was an Arian Christian. After the
collapse of the Empire, the Catholic Church became the most powerful political and religious force in Europe and
by the 8th century had achieved near total religious dominance with the removal of the last significant
Arian groups.

=== Great Schism ===

During the 11th century, the [[Great Schism]] occurred between the church in the West and [[Eastern Orthodox Church]]. This schism occurred over a variety of issues, especially those dealing with how much authority the Pope had. The causes were not purely religious, but cultural and geographic elements also played a role. Although later attempts at reconciliation occurred, such as at the [[Council of Basel]], the two remain separate to this day although both accept many of each others sacraments.

=== Late Middle Ages ===

Beginning in 1092 and continuing until the end of the 13th century, the Crusades occurred. These were a series
of religious wars instigated by the Church against various other groups, especially the Muslims. Despite the focus
on removing Islamic control of the Holy Land, the Crusaders massacred Jews and sacked Constantinople.

During this time period, the [[Inquisition]]s started and would continue through the Protestant Reformation.
The medieval inquisition focused on rooting out Cathars, while the later inquisitions such as the [[Spanish Inquisition]]
focused on people who were believed to be secretly practicing Judaism or Islam.

===Reformation===

In 1517, [[Martin Luther]] started the [[Protestant Reformation]] which initially focused on the giving of
[[indulgences]] but eventually grew to have a wide variety of different causes and issues. Eventually
Protestants rejected the notions of saintly intercession, the authority of the pope and many of the sacraments.
This eventually led to a series of religious wars in [[Europe]] and the Protestant-Catholic split became one of the dominant themes in European events until modern times.

===Vatican II===

The [[Second Ecumenical Council of the Vatican]] (commonly called [[Vatican II]]), which was in session from 1962 to 1965, made major changes to official Catholic theology and liturgy. Liturgical changes included the introduction of the possibility of having Mass in local languages instead of entirely in Latin. Theologically, the council continued the importance of [[Mary]] while also adding a new emphasis on individual and personal holiness. Most controversially, the council opened the possibility of salvation for Jews, Muslims and Protestants.

Reactions among Catholics to Vatican II fall into roughly three camps. "Liberal" Catholics see Vatican II and the new period that it marked in Catholic history as forming a decisive break with the past, and as justifying major changes in Catholic belief and practice. "Conservative" Catholics (including the recent popes) hold that the decrees of the Council, properly understood, are wholly in line with the historic Catholic faith, and that they should not be used as an excuse for unwarranted innovations. "Traditional" (or "traditionalist") Catholics regard the teachings of Vatican II as problematic, or even as heretical.

==Sacraments==

The Roman Catholic Church has seven sacraments: [[Baptism]], [[Confirmation]], [[Eucharist]], [[Reconciliation]],
[[Anointing of the Sick]], [[Matrimony]] and [[Holy Orders]].<ref>Which sacraments are recognized is one of the important distinctions between the theology of different Christian denominations. Many Protestant denominations follow Luther and recognize only Baptism, Eucharist, and Penance.</ref>

== See also ==

*[[Catholicism]]

==Notes and references==
<references/>

[[Category:Christian Denominations]]

Saint Paul

2007-05-18T12:00:48Z

Southwolds:

Paul Gratton is an eldery man currently attending South Wolds School to complete his A level examinations, below is a mugshot of him. He enjoys long walks in the rain, short walks in the sunshine and medium duration walks when the weather is cloudy.

[[Image:paul_gratton_pic.jpg]]

Saint Paul

2007-05-18T12:00:18Z

Southwolds: Replacing page with 'Paul Gratton is an eldery man currently attending South Wolds School to complete his A level examinations, below is a mugshot of him. He enjoys long walks in the rain, short wa...'