Conservapedia - User contributions [en]

Lauren Southern

2017-04-04T17:23:35Z

Soupcansam:

'''Lauren Cherie Southern''' is a libertarian activist, political commentator, and writer and host for [[The Rebel Media]], an online media channel based in Canada.

Southern is a student of Political Science at the University of the Fraser Valley. She was born on 15 June 1995 in Surrey, British Columbia.

==Activism==

In 2015, she was a candidate in the Canadian Federal Election representing the Libertarian Party of Canada. Party officials suspended Southern's campaign over controversial issues, but she was reinstated after public outcry.

In March 2015, Lauren Southern was accosted and covered in urine by left-wing activists in Vancouver for claiming that there are "only two genders".

In June 2015, her Rebel TV cameraman was shoved at the SlutWalk in Vancouver, her protest sign "There Is No Rape Culture In The West" was torn up while reporting on the event.

In May 2016, Southern's [[Facebook]] account was blocked after she criticized Facebook for banning the administrator of the pro-Trump group, [[Disdain for Plebs]] that wrote a post that argued that Donald Trump was not against Muslims but anti-ISIS. Her post read: ''"As I suspected my friend who runs Disdain for Plebs has been banned on all his accounts that run the page AND Facebook deleted his post calling them out for censoring conservatives. This is utterly insane."''

Southern initiated "The Triggering", whereby every March 9, the day after [[International Women's Day]], Twitter users post content deemed taboo in defense of free speech.

[[Category:Liberal Activists]]

Fiscal conservatism

2017-03-07T18:42:06Z

Soupcansam:

'''Fiscal conservatism''' is a political position (primarily in the [[United States]]) that calls for lower levels of public spending, lower [[taxes]] and lower [[national debt|government debt]]. It is a variety of [[Conservative|conservatism]] concerned with [[economic]] rather than social issues. Fiscal conservatives oppose unnecessary government expenditures, [[deficit]]s, and government debt. They take the perspective of the present and future taxpayers, and worry about the possible burden on them. They support [[balanced budget]]s. This should be contrasted with those who believe that lower taxation will stimulate industrial development, even though it causes higher deficits.

==Ideology==
Fiscal conservatism may also support limited periods of higher taxes in order to lower the public debt. It can include any or all levels of government, federal, state and local. Fiscal conservatism is typically justified in terms of economic '''efficiency''' (it assumes the private sector is more efficient than the public sector), and in moral terms with high spending, budget deficits, and high debt seen as indicators of '''corruption'''. In opposition to corruption fiscal conservatism develops classic themes of [[republicanism]] that emerged in the era of the [[American Revolution]]. Fiscal conservatism rejects the [[Keynesian]] policy of '''deficit spending'''.<ref>Critchlow, "The Political Control of the Economy: Deficit Spending as a Political Belief, 1932-1952," (1981)</ref>

==Compare with social conservatives==
Fiscal conservatism is distinct in American politics from social conservatism, which concentrates ion issues of personal morality regarding family life, religion and sexual norms. It is closer to the [[libertarian]] approach to drastically limited government. Republicans and Democrats both make claims to fiscal conservatism, though both parties may honor its principles more in the breach than in the observance, and both use the idea as a cudgel to attack their opponents as much as a guide to their own proffered policies.

==Conservative fiscal policies==
One of the familiar slogans associated with fiscal conservatism since the Reagan years is "starve the beast," a phrase which suggests a policy approach of limiting the size of government by limiting appropriations for government programs. The assumptions underlying are that that government is less capable than businesses and individuals in spending money.

==Fiscal conservatism in American history==
''See also [[tax revolt]]''

A major cause of the [[American Revolution]] was "No Taxation without Representation." The Americans insisted that their historic rights as Englishmen entitled them to a voice in setting tax policies, which Britain denied. The issue was not the tax itself or its size, but approval by elected representatives. The Continental Congress borrowed heavily and did not practice fiscal conservatism.

===Early United States===
[[Thomas Jefferson]]'s [[Republicans (Jeffersonian)|Republicans]] supported a weak central government and a low-tax approach, in sharp opposition to the high-spending, high-taxation policies of [[Alexander Hamilton]] and his dominant [[Federalist Party]]. Jeffersonians opposed Hamilton's plan to pay off the debts owed by the states for the expense of the American Revolution, because some of the debt was held by financiers and speculators (who they said did not deserve payment) rather than the original holders. Hamilton passed his legislation and set up tariffs and a highly controversial whiskey tax to pay the debts. When western farmers (who shipped their crops as whiskey) revolted, President [[George Washington]] led militia units (provided by state governors) to quell the [[Whiskey Rebellion]] without bloodshed. When Jefferson became president he dropped the whiskey tax, kept the tariffs, and grew the national debt by purchasing Louisiana in 1803.

[[James Madison]], [[James Monroe]], and [[John Quincy Adams]] were all elected as Republicans, but after the fiscal disasters of the [[War of 1812]], they came to support most of the Federalist position, realizing that the nation needed a central bank and a steady income flow from tariffs. [[Andrew Jackson]], reflecting the conservatism of the Old Republicans, destroyed the Second Bank of the United States and paid off the national debt, but that was followed by a very severe depression, the [[Panic of 1837]].

===Republican Era===
In 1854 a new fiscally liberal political party emerged, the [[Republican Party]], which borrowed heavily to finance the Civil War, raised taxes and tariffs, and promoted heavy spending in aid to railroads, colleges, farmers, and schools. The Democrats demanded fiscal conservatism, as represented by [[Grover Cleveland]] and his cadre of [[Bourbon Democrats]].<ref>Brownlee, ''Federal taxation in America: A short history.'' (1996).</ref>

===Early 20th century===
During the 1920s, President [[Calvin Coolidge]] and his Treasury Secretary [[Andrew Mellon]] cut taxes and spending, and reduced the national debt. Their pro-business economic policy were credited for the successful period of economic growth known as the "Roaring Twenties." After the great crash of 1929, however, Coolidge's successor [[Herbert Hoover]] took the blame. Hoover increased spending and increased taxes, but because of falling revenues the national debt mushroomed relative to GDP.<ref>William J. Barber, ''From New Era to New Deal: Herbert Hoover, the economists, and American economic policy.'' (1985)
</ref>

===New Deal===
During the 1930s [[Franklin Roosevelt]]'s [[New Deal]] was opposed by many conservatives because it expanded the scope of the federal government, and regulated the economy. In general Roosevelt did not raise taxes above the high levels Hoover had set; the national debt changed little from 1933 to 1940 as a proportion of GDP.<ref>Stein, ''Presidential Economics: The Making of Economic Policy From Roosevelt to Clinton'' (1994)</ref>

Roosevelt's Treasury Secretary, [[Henry Morgenthau, Jr.]] believed in balanced budgets, stable currency, reduction of the national debt, and the need for more private investment. Morgenthau accepted Roosevelt’s double budget as legitimate–that is a balanced regular budget, and an “emergency” budget for agencies, like the [[WPA]], [[PWA]], and [[Civilian Conservation Corps|CCC]], that would be temporary until full recovery was at hand. He fought against the veterans’ bonus until Congress finally overrode Roosevelt’s veto and gave out $2.2 billion in 1936. Morgenthau's most notable achievement was the new [[Social Security]] program; he managed to reverse the proposals to fund it from general revenue and insisted it be funded by new taxes on employees. Morgenthau insisted on excluding farm workers and domestic servants from Social Security because workers outside industry would not be paying their way.<ref>Zelizer, "The Forgotten Legacy of the New Deal: Fiscal Conservatism and the Roosevelt Administration, 1933-1938." (2000).</ref>

In World War Two there was broad agreement for heavy taxes, with conservatives insisting that the income tax base be broadened to include the great majority, rather than the 10% who before 1942 paid all income taxes.<ref>Leff, "The Politics of Sacrifice on the American Home Front in World War II," (1991)</ref> After 1945 fiscal conservatism was most prevalent in the [[Conservative Coalition]], including Midwestern Republicans and most southern Democrats, especially senators [[Harry F. Byrd]] of Virginia, and [[Walter F. George]] of Georgia.

===The Reagan era===
Fiscal Conservatism was rhetorically promoted during the presidency of [[Ronald Reagan]] (1981-1989). During his tenure, Reagan pushed through economic policies which became known as [[Reaganomics]]. Rooted in a belief in [[supply-side economics]], Reagan cut income taxes, raised social security taxes, deregulated the economy, and propounded a tight monetary policy to stop inflation. Reagan favored reducing the size and scope of government because it was conducive to inefficiency and corruption; he especially attacked welfare. He proposed greatly increased defense spending (which he got), reduction in income taxes (which he got), and reductions in domestic spending (which he did not get). The result was a large increase in the national debt, economic prosperity, and rapid growth. Reagan also achieved a compromise on Social Security that reduced long-term federal spending.<ref>Stein, ''Presidential Economics: The Making of Economic Policy From Roosevelt to Clinton'' (1994)</ref>

However, by the end of Reagan's second term the [[national debt]] held by the public rose from 26% of [[Gross Domestic Product|GDP]] in 1980 to 41% in 1989, the highest level since 1963. By 1988, the debt totaled $2.6 trillion. The country owed more to foreigners than it was owed, and the United States moved from being the world's largest international creditor to the world's largest debtor nation as investors around the world rushed to send their money to the U.S.<ref>[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A26402-2004Jun8.html See]</ref>

Under Democrat [[Bill Clinton]] the federal government ran a budget surplus and the debt went down.

The [[George W. Bush]] policy was to return the surplus to taxpayers by lowering federal income taxes, even as spending increased, especially for the Iraq war. Democrats attacked the Bush policy as a violation of fiscal conservatism. When the [[Financial Crisis of 2008]] hammered the nation, Bush pushed through spending increases and stimuluses, as well as tax cuts very expensive bailouts of major banks. The result was that the deficit soared and fiscal conservatives soured on Bush.

==Bibliography==
* Barber, William J. ''From New Era to New Deal: Herbert Hoover, the economists, and American economic policy.'' (1985) [http://www.amazon.com/New-Era-Deal-Economists-Perspectives/dp/0521367379/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1201126394&sr=8-2 excerpt and text search]
* Beito, David. ''Taxpayers in revolt: Tax resistance during the Great Depression.'' (1989)
* Brownlee, W. Elliot. ''Federal taxation in America: A short history.'' (1996) [http://www.amazon.com/Federal-Taxation-America-History-Woodrow/dp/052154520X/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1201126453&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
* Campbell, Ballard. ''The Growth of American Government: Governance from the Cleveland Era to the Present'' (1995)
* Critchlow, Donald T. "The Political Control of the Economy: Deficit Spending as a Political Belief, 1932-1952," ''The Public Historian,'' Vol. 3, No. 2 (Spring, 1981), pp. 5–22 [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0272-3433(198121)3%3A2%3C5%3ATPCOTE%3E2.0.CO%3B2-%23 in JSTOR]
* Greenspan, Alan. ''The Age of Turbulence: Adventures in a New World'' (2007) autobiography of chairman of the Federal Reserve (1987-2006)
* Ippolito, Dennis S. ''Why Budgets Matter: Budget Policy and American Politics'' (2003) [http://www.amazon.com/Why-Budgets-Matter-American-Politics/dp/0271022590/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1201126672&sr=8-2 excerpt and text search]
* Kimmel, Lewis. ''Federal budget and fiscal policy, 1789-1958.'' (1959).
* Krol, Robert. "The Role of Fiscal and Political Institutions in Limiting the Size of State Government," ''The Cato Journal'', Vol. 27, 2007. [http://www.questia.com/read/5026702917?title=The%20Role%20of%20Fiscal%20and%20Political%20Institutions%20in%20Limiting%20the%20Size%20of%20State%20Government online edition]
* Leff, Mark. "Taxing the 'forgotten man': The politics of Social Security finance in the New Deal." ''Journal of American History'' 70 (1983): 359-81. [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0021-8723(198309)70%3A2%3C359%3ATT%22MTP%3E2.0.CO%3B2-L online in JSTOR]
* Leff, Mark H. "The Politics of Sacrifice on the American Home Front in World War II," ''The Journal of American History,'' Vol. 77, No. 4 (Mar., 1991), pp. 1296–1318 [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0021-8723(199103)77%3A4%3C1296%3ATPOSOT%3E2.0.CO%3B2-H in JSTOR]
* Lind, Michael. ''Hamilton's Republic: Readings in the American Democratic Nationalist Tradition'' (1997)
* Morgan, Iwan W. ''Deficit government: Taxing and spending in modern America.'' (1995). [http://www.amazon.com/Deficit-Government-Spending-America-American/dp/1566630827/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1201126591&sr=8-2 excerpt and text search]
* Peltzman, Sam. "Voters as Fiscal Conservatives," ''The Quarterly Journal of Economics,'' Vol. 107, No. 2 (May, 1992), pp. 327–361 [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0033-5533(199205)107%3A2%3C327%3AVAFC%3E2.0.CO%3B2-P in JSTOR]
* Sargent, James E. "Roosevelt's Economy Act: Fiscal conservatism and the early New Deal." ''Congressional Studies'' 7 (winter 1980): 33-51.
* Savage, James D. ''Balanced budgets & American politics.'' (1988).
* Stein, Herbert. ''Presidential Economics: The Making of Economic Policy From Roosevelt to Clinton'' (3rd ed. 1994) [http://www.amazon.com/Presidential-Economics-3rd-Economic-Roosevelt/dp/0844738514/ref=sr_1_3?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1201126773&sr=8-3 excerpt and text search]
* Tanner, Michael D. ''Leviathan on the Right: How Big-Government Conservatism Brought Down the Republican Revolution'' Cato Institute, 2007 [http://www.questia.com/read/114451355?title=Leviathan%20on%20the%20Right%3a%20%20How%20Big-Government%20Conservatism%20Brought%20Down%20the%20Republican%20Revolution online edition]
* Treaster, Joseph B. ''Paul Volcker: The Making of a Financial Legend'' (2005), chairman of the Federal Reserve, (1979-1987)
* Zelizer, Julian E. "The Forgotten Legacy of the New Deal: Fiscal Conservatism and the Roosevelt Administration, 1933-1938." ''Presidential Studies Quarterly''. 30#2. (2000). pp 331+. [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5001752830 online]
* Zelizer, Julian E. ''Taxing America: Wilbur D. Mills, Congress, and the State, 1945-1975'' (2000) [http://www.amazon.com/Taxing-America-Wilbur-Congress-1945-1975/dp/0521795443/ref=sr_1_3?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1201126591&sr=8-3 excerpt and text search]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}
[[Category:Conservatism]]
[[Category:Economics]]
[[Category:Tax Revolts]]

Murray Rothbard

2017-02-19T03:46:16Z

Soupcansam:

Murray Rothbard (1926-1995) was a [[libertarian]] economist who extended the [[Austrian School of Economics]] to broader opposition to government. For example, Rothbard defended large, private firms (unlike many economists, Rothbard rejected the idea of free market [[monopolies]]). Murray Rothbard coined the term "[[anarcho-capitalism]]" and is considered the founder of anarcho capitalism and [[paleolibertarianism]]. Murray Rothbard was a friend of Ron Paul and supported Ron Paul's 1988 presidential campaign on the libertarian party ticket.<ref>[https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=Fq8hNQpyrSY]</ref>

Rothbard is praised by the [[Ludwig von Mises Institute]], which continues to promote his work. Three of Rothbard's most famous books are ''[[For a New Liberty]]'', ''[[Man, Economy and State]]'', and ''[[The Ethics of Liberty]]''.

'''Sources:''' <references/>

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rothbard, Murray}}
[[Category:Economists]]
[[Category:Libertarianism]]
[[Category:Libertarians]]
[[Category:Anarchists]]
[[Category:Fiscal Conservatives]]
[[Category:Capitalists]]

Ayn Rand

2017-02-18T15:12:17Z

Soupcansam:

[[Image:Jhyu65.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Ayn Rand. A philosopher and writer who developed the [[Objectivism|Objectivist]] school of thought]]
'''Ayn Rand''' (1905-1982) was a libertarian author. She was a [[fiscal conservative]] advocating free unregulated [[capitalism]], who opposed [[collectivism]], [[socialism]], [[communism]] and [[fascism]]. However, on social issues, she was liberal. Ayn Rand was a big supporter of unlimited [[abortion]]-on-demand,<ref>Ayn Rand wrote that "An embryo ''has no rights''. ... A child cannot acquire any rights until it is born." http://www.aynrand.org/site/PageServer?pagename=objectivism_FAQ#obj_nr_vs_ar (emphasis in original)</ref> and an [[atheism|atheist]]. She began her career in Hollywood, and has been described as a promoter of a philosophy known as [[Objectivism]]. Her best-known novels are ''[[Atlas Shrugged]]'' and ''[[The Fountainhead]]''. Ayn Rand asserted that selfishness was a virtue and [[altruism]] was wrongheaded (see also: [[Atheism and uncharitableness]]). She wrote a book entitled ''The Virtue of Selfishness''.

Ayn Rand's novels often had political messages, such as laissez faire capitalism with minimum government intervention (known by the name Minarchism) in business. Ayn Rand strongly objected to socialism and nationalism. Combined, more than twelve million copies of her two best-known novels have been sold in the U.S. alone. Despite her anti-[[Christian]] and liberal views on social issues, her opposition to state economic intervention has made her works and philosophy popular with the [[TEA Party]] movement.<ref>''Ayn Rand stars at Denver stimulus ‘tea party’ protest'', Colorado Independent, Wendy Norris - 2/28/09 - [http://coloradoindependent.com/23026/ayn-rand-stars-at-denver-stimulus-tea-party-protest]</ref>

Her first name "Ayn" rhymes with "mine", and she was born in Russia as '''Alisa Zinov'yevna Rosenbaum.'''

==Philosophy==
{{Main|Objectivism}}

Ayn Rand attracted a following based on her opposition to [[collectivism]], as articulated in her novels, particularly ''Atlas Shrugged''. Her followers today tend to be [[libertarians]] and predominantly unmarried men, many of whom are drawn to a self-indulgent lifestyle consistent with Rand's philosophy. Rand often called herself a "radical for capitalism," by which she meant the pure, ''laissez-faire'' variety. Rand had very little in common with [[conservatives]] except for a mutual opposition to communism and socialism. Rand has also been accused of being a rape apologist for her rape scene in ''The Fountainhead''.

[[Conservative]] [[Whittaker Chambers]] was a harsh critic of the caricatures in Ayn Rand's work, and how she implied that evil systems would collapse on their own without the need for good men to do anything. [[Edmund Burke]] famously stated, "The only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing," but one might conclude from Rand's work that being selfish and doing nothing is what good people should do, and then evil will fail all by itself. Whittaker Chambers observed in a book review he wrote for ''National Review'' in 1957, "Happily, in ''Atlas Shrugged'' ('''''though not in life'''''), all the children of Darkness are utterly incompetent" (emphasis added).

Rand's most famous and powerful follower was [[Alan Greenspan]] (b. 1926), long-time head of the Federal Researve System (1987–2006), though it is difficult to see manifestations of Rand's ideas in Greenspan's work.

Rand was a moral absolutist with the virtues of rationality and hard-work as central themes to her writing. However, conservatives reject Rand’s elevation of reason over faith, sentiment, and tradition.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.atlassociety.org/myth-ayn-rand-was-conservative|title=Myth: Ayn Rand was a Conservative|author=William R. Thomas}}</ref> Social conservatives in particular reject Rand’s view that sexual fulfillment is an important part of life and not merely limited to procreation. Her views are seen as hedonistic, selfish, and sinful—she accepts the usage of birth control and abortion<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aynrand.org/site/News2?page=NewsArticle&id=5105|title=Abortion:An Absolute Right|publisher=The Ayn Rand Center}}</ref> as proper means to an active sexual life without the consequences of child-rearing. In general Rand’s view of the perfection of human character is at odds with the Christian view of man’s essential sinfulness.

Rand's philosophy was anti-Christian to the point of even declaring that "faith, as such, is extremely detrimental to human life: it is the negation of reason."<ref>http://www.aynrand.org/site/PageServer?pagename=media_topic_religion%</ref> While Rand advocates absolutes in the realm of ethics,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://aynrandlexicon.com/lexicon/absolutes.html
|title=Absolutes|author=Ayn Rand}}</ref> her ethical principles are at odds with traditional Christianity.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://aynrandlexicon.com/lexicon/religion.html|title=Religion|author=Ayn Rand}}</ref> Her followers support an "absolute right" to [[abortion]] at any time during pregnancy,<ref>http://www.aynrand.org/site/News2?page=NewsArticle&id=5105</ref> including partial-birth abortion. Ayn Rand's philosophy and followers also support a "right" to have same-sex marriage, and opposed California's [[Proposition 8]] defining marriage as between one man and woman.<ref>http://www.aynrand.org/site/News2?page=NewsArticle&id=21821</ref>

Rand was an [[atheism|atheist]] and opponent of traditional family values, who personally adhered more to [[Hollywood Values]] than conservative ones.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.noblesoul.com/orc/bio/biofaq.html|author=Richard Lawrence|title=Ayn Rand FAQ}}</ref> She was a strident opponent of altruism. As far back as 1957, [[Whittaker Chambers]] denounced the “wickedness” of ''Atlas Shrugged'' in ''National Review,'' and Dr. Gabe Vertin derided her "senseless self-aggrandizement."

Rand's selfish philosophy can pull young men away from the [[Bible]] and a coherent conservative viewpoint. While she deferred to the [[Austrian School of Economics]], it was an example of being right for the wrong reason of selfishness. She did praise honest productive work, earning one’s keep, engaging in honorable trade, stern moral dealings, self-reliance, and, in general, being a productive member of society, but she disagreed with what [[Alexander Hamilton]] and [[George Washington]] observed is an indispensable basis of political prosperity: religion.

In metaphysics and epistemology, Rand argued for a reality-based outlook as opposed to the subjectivism of progressive post-modern academia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.atlassociety.org/tni/postmodern-assault-reason|title=The Postmodern Assault on Reason|author=Roger Donway|publication=The New Individualist}}</ref>

Rand can appeal to those conservatives who emphasize the Greco-Roman tradition of Western Civilization, especially Aristotle, while she disappoints those who give greater emphasis to the Judeo-Christian influence.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aynrand.org/site/News2?page=NewsArticle&id=6164|title=The Greatness of Western Civilization|author=Edwin A. Locke|publisher=Ayn Rand Center}}</ref> She continues to attract converts, especially the young, to right-leaning Republican politics—including notable figures with more traditional outlooks.

==Similarities to George Orwell==
Similar to [[George Orwell]], Rand had first-hand knowledge of living under a [[communist]]/[[socialist]] [[dictatorship]]. They both used their knowledge to paint vivid pictures of the specific ways in which these political philosophies break down. Orwell's focus was on control of the mind through the use of secret police forces and through the reworking of the language itself, Orwell's ''[[Nineteen Eighty-Four]]'' was about the horror of a functioning dictatorship; Rand focused on the corruption and vice that inevitably follows from a political philosophy that rewards failure, Rand also pinpointed the specific maneuverings that liberals use to avoid justice and justify their might makes right attitudes.

In Atlas Shrugged Rand put a great deal of emphasis on the use of informal procedures as a way to rob victims of any tools they might be able to use in their defense, production tribunals in the book met and had an informal discussion, so that the producers that they were strangling could not call any kind of precedent or procedure to rescue them from the abuse of power. In the crumbling socialist world of Atlas Shrugged the only defense was to agree with those in power. Orwell envisioned (and had seen) the same problem, a world in which the market place of ideas was as strangled as the marketplace of goods and services, only done in private and hellish jail cells.

Both of these authors had some very liberal characteristics, Orwell being a socialist himself and Ayn being an atheist and egoist but in spite of their liberal traits they couldn't help but look at the world that liberals created and decry how wicked it was. Author [[Christopher Hitchens]], writing about Orwell, called this a "power of facing", where in Orwell was able to face the issues on his own side, a very important characteristic shared by many great academics and philosophers in the Christian tradition.wa

==Quotes==
"We are fast approaching the stage of the ultimate inversion: The stage where the government is free to do anything it pleases, while the citizens may act only by permission – which is the stage of the darkest periods of [[human]] history, the stage of rule by brute force."<ref>http://www.worldnetdaily.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=45735 WorldNetDaily.com Should Democratic Party merge with Communist Party?, August 12, 2005</ref>

"The most profoundly revolutionary achievement of the United States of America was the subordination of society to moral law. The principle of man’s individual rights represented the extension of morality into the social system—as a limitation on the power of the state, as man’s protection against the brute force of the collective, as the subordination of might to right. The United States was the first moral society in history."<ref>{{cite book|title=The Virtue of Selfishness: |author=Ayn Rand|chapter=Man's Rights|page=93}}</ref>

"Racism is the lowest, most crudely primitive form of collectivism."<ref>{{cite book|title=The Virtue of Selfishness: |author=Ayn Rand|chapter=Racism|page=126}}</ref>

==Works==
*''[[We the Living]]''
*''[[Anthem (book)|Anthem]]''
*''[[The Fountainhead]]''
*''[[Atlas Shrugged]]''
*''[[Capitalism: The Unknown Ideal]]''
*''[[The Romantic Manifesto]]''
*''[[The New Left: The Anti-Industrial Revolution]]''
*''[[The Virtue of Selfishness]]''

== See also ==
* [[Atlas Shrugged]] by Ayn Rand
* [[Big government]] [[Welfare state]] leads to [[Nanny state]], leads to [[Police state]]
* [[Liberal totalitarianism]]
* [[We]] by Yevgeny Zamyatin
* [[Nineteen Eight-Four]] by [[George Orwell]]
* [[Mystery:Did George Orwell Become a Conservative?]]
* [[Animal Farm]] - [[Anti-Communist|anti-Stalinist]] "fairy story" by [[George Orwell]]
* [[Brave New World]] by [[Aldous Huxley]]
*[[Atheism and women]]

==References==
* Burns, Jennifer. ''Goddess of the Market: Ayn Rand and the American Right'' (2009), standard scholarly history, by a conservative historian. [http://www.amazon.com/Goddess-Market-Rand-American-Right/dp/0195324870/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1256927458&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
*Doherthy, Brian. ''Radicals for Capitalism: A Freewheeling History of the Modern Libertarian Movement.'' (2007), popular history.
* Gladstein, Mimi Reisel. ''The Ayn Rand Companion'' (1984) 130 pp. good starting point
* Heller, Ann C. ''Ayn Rand and the World She Made'' (2009)
* Kirsch, Adam. "Ayn Rand’s Revenge" [http://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/01/books/review/Kirsch-t.html?nl=books&emc=booksupdateema1 ''New York Times Sunday Book review'' Nov. 1, 2009]
* Uyl, Douglas J. Den, and Douglas B. Rasmussen, eds. ''The Philosophic Thought of Ayn Rand'' (1984) 235 pp.; dense essays by professional philosophers

====References====
<references/>

==External links==
*[http://www.aynrand.org/site/PageServer Ayn Rand Institute]
*[http://www.ARIwatch.com ARI Watch] — argues that the above misrepresents Ayn Rand.
*[http://www.ios.org/ The Atlas Society — home of The Objectivist Center]
*[http://wiki.objectivismonline.net/wiki/Main_Page Objectivism Wiki]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rand, Ayn}}

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Alt-right

2017-02-09T20:15:38Z

Soupcansam: the original author put 2 b's in the word "by" and i took one out

The '''Alt-right''', or '''alternative right''', is an emerging faction of the right-wing that opposes unrestrained multiculturalism, un-"skilled" immigration, and [[globalism|globalization]].<ref>http://www.breitbart.com/tech/2016/03/29/an-establishment-conservatives-guide-to-the-alt-right/</ref><ref>http://theweek.com/articles/641595/how-american-nationalism-coexist-globalism</ref> The alt-right has emerged as one of the central opponents of the [[Establishment]]. The alt-right movement's central theme is as follows:<ref>[http://angrywhitedude.com/2016/04/51778/ What is the Alt-Right?, AngryWhiteDude.com, April 12, 2016]</ref>
{{cquote|The alt-right is not defined by any particular school of thought, but by the [[neoliberal]] school of thought it rejects. The alt-right, in the simplest terms, is an unapologetic purging of [[liberal]] idiocy.}}

"The origins of the alternative right can be found in thinkers as diverse as Oswald Spengler, Joseph Sobran, H.L Mencken, Julius Evola, Sam Francis, and the [[paleoconservative]] movement that rallied around the presidential campaigns of [[Pat Buchanan]].<ref>https://www.buzzfeed.com/rosiegray/how-2015-fueled-the-rise-of-the-freewheeling-white-nationali?utm_term=.gro5QeAlb#.am3VkM4ZB</ref> The French New Right also serve as a source of inspiration for many leaders of the alt-right.".<ref>[http://www.breitbart.com/tech/2016/03/29/an-establishment-conservatives-guide-to-the-alt-right/ An Establishment Conservative’s Guide To The Alt-Right, Breitbart, March 29, 2016]</ref> Contemporary alt-right authors include Jared Taylor, Steve Sailor, Richard Spencer, Paul Kersey, Razib Khan, and Milo Yiannopoulos.<ref>http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2016/05/05/meet-milo-yiannopoulos-the-appealing-young-face-of-the-racist-alt-right.html</ref>

Leading alt-right websites include Radix Journal, Countercurrents Publishing, The Unz Review, Taki Mag, The Right Stuff, and Red Ice.<ref>http://www.counter-currents.com/</ref><ref>http://www.radixjournal.com/</ref><ref>http://www.unz.com/</ref><ref>http://takimag.com/#axzz4MpkgjNbs</ref><ref>http://therightstuff.biz/</ref><ref>https://redice.tv/</ref>. More mainstream "alt-lite" websites include [[Breitbart]] and The Gateway Pundit.

'''Alt-right''' as a term appeared in November 2008 when Paul Gottfried addressed the H. L. Mencken Club about what he called "the alternative right". In 2009, two more posts at Taki's Magazine, by Patrick J. Ford and Jack Hunter, further discussed the 'alternative right.' The term is commonly attributed to Richard B. Spencer, president of the National Policy Institute and founder of Alternative Right magazine.<ref>http://www.salon.com/2016/10/08/from-the-old-right-to-the-alt-right-how-the-conservative-ideology-of-fdrs-day-fueled-the-rise-of-trump/</ref>

The alternative right has alternately been called libertarian nationalism, "neo"-paleoconservatism, "evolutionary" conservatism, "scientific" conservatism, and the post-'''religious right'''.<ref>https://twitter.com/douthatnyt/status/704462319074594816</ref>

== Style of Alt-right ==

The style of the alt-right is to reject the approaches of the [[mainstream media]], and use the internet rather than traditional avenues of communication preferred by moderates.<ref>https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-American-alternative-right</ref>

The alt-right employs a "culture jammming" approach to its opposition with memes on Reddit, 4chan, 9gag, and Facebook.<ref>
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_jamming</ref>. This involves using modified artifacts of popular culture, specifically characters such as Pepe the frog, Moonman or anime characters to demonstrate the non-falsifiabile attributes of the neoliberal mantra of social change driven by global capitalism.<ref>http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=emo+fascism</ref> <ref>http://www.salon.com/2016/10/25/meet-moon-man-the-alt-rights-new-racist-rap-sensation-borrowed-from-1980s-mcdonalds-ads/</ref>

Breitbart news editor Stephen Bannon joined the Trump campaign in August 2016. <ref>http://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/18/us/politics/donald-trump-stephen-bannon-paul-manafort.html?_r=0</ref>

==Rejection of neoliberalism==

The alternative right holds neoliberalism responsible for the decimation of national borders and national identity. It views the rise of left-leaning governments as an effect of multicultural amalgamation caused by large business interests run amok. Libertarian (anarcho-capitalistic) elements of the alt-right oppose Keynesianism as well which, paradoxically, is the national (as opposed to global) predecessor of neoliberalism.

Due to the alt-right's equation of globalized capitalism with Marxism, the movement has been compared to national anarchism (anarcho-fascism) on [[Wikipedia]].<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anarchism_and_nationalism</ref>

==Distinction from National Socialism (Nazism)==

The alt-right seeks racial "identitarianism" through a largely monocultural state; and cultural cohesion over economic interests.<ref>http://www.amren.com/news/2016/10/what-is-the-alt-right-jared-taylor/</ref> The alt-right does not explicitly seek genocide of non-white races. It views national borders as a proxy for racial segregation, but does not support de facto racial segregation. Mainstream alt-righter members support skilled immigration.

Relationally, neo-nazism is a component of the alt-right (big-tent movement); the alt-right is NOT a component of neo-nazism. The alt-right heavily employs principles from Italian fascism which is the racially-agnostic predecessor of Nazism (German fascism).

==Libertarian Nationalism==

The alt-right distrusts large (anti-tribal) financial institutions as corrupt and rejects the open-borders aspect of mainstream libertarianism while affirming new allegiances, such as supporting gays by encouraging firearm ownership or giving support to unaffiliated Independent candidates that are anti-establishment, regardless of their political leanings.

The alt-right has seen its membership ranks swell exponentially with libertarians that reject weak national (non-tribal) leadership within their movement. Although they are not part of the original alt-right, ex-libertarians make up a plurality of this emerging grassroots movement.

==View of Christianity==

The alt-right emphasizes the crypto-polytheistic aspects of Christianity and links it to Greco-Roman and pan-European polytheistic history and "Western" accomplishments. The alt-right views Christianity as a religion distinct from Islam and Judaism in its polytheistic elements and "special" relationship to European history. The alt-right accepts the study of evolution and global warming as a product of Western polytheistic science. It rejects modern evangelical Christianity for its pro-immigration stance (for proselytization purposes) although it views Europe's history of colonization and Christian proselytization as having a positive effect on those respective colonial countries.

Due to its pro-"Western science" views the alternative right has on occasion called itself "evolutionary" conservatism or "scientific" conservatism.

==Alt-right's approach to Israel==

The alt-right views Israel as a model for white nationalism and/or Christianism. While opposing Jewish 'hypocrisy' on white identity issues, the alt-right admires the Jewish unity and tribalism manifested in a Zionist state <ref>http://www.theoccidentalobserver.net/2012/05/jewish-hypocrisy-on-ethnonationalism-in-israel-versus-the-diaspora-a-picture-is-worth-a-thousand-words/</ref> In keeping with its isolationist approach, the alt-right opposes an EXCLUSIVE alliance between America and Israel.

==Opposition==

The movement is smeared by elitists of society that thinks it knows better. However, the usual liberal scare tactics and other social engineering schemes are rejected. The alt-right moves to its own beat. The alt-right opposes [[Feminism]], and masculinity is promoted. Anything liberal and the views held by [[RINO]]s: immigration, [[political correctness]], [[cultural appropriation]], [[misogyny]], "[[homophobia]]", etc. are fiercely rejected.

Where the [[Establishment]] or modern conservatives shy away from a fight for fear of being called "racist", "bigoted" or "ignorant" by liberals projecting their own attitudes and beliefs onto them, the alt-right unapologetically fights against this notion.

Extremist leftwing progressives at the [[Southern Poverty Law Center]] have taken notice, recently commenting about [[Breitbart]] and their inclusion to the SPLC hate-list<ref>[http://dailycaller.com/2016/04/29/southern-poverty-law-center-slaps-breitbart-news-with-racist-charge/#ixzz47FmwBQ4z southern-poverty-law-center-slaps-breitbart-news-with-racist-charge, DailyCaller, April 29, 2016]</ref>

{{cquote|The outlet has undergone a noticeable shift toward embracing ideas on the extremist fringe of the conservative right. Racist ideas. Race-baiting ideas. Anti-Muslim and anti-Immigrant ideas –– all key tenants making up an emerging racist ideology known as the ‘Alt-Right.'}}

While the term has been used in specialized writing about politics and ideology for years, the term gain mainstream usage following a speech by [[Hillary Clinton]] attacking [[Donald Trump]]'s connections to the Alt-Right.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2016/08/28/the-alt-rights-take-on-clintons-speech-botched-but-legitimizing/|work=Washington Post|date=August 28, 2016|first=David |last=Weigel|title=The alt-right’s take on Clinton’s speech: Botched, but legitimizing|accessdate=August 29, 2016}}</ref>

== Unofficial "Creed" ==

We've hijacked your -isms.

We've hijacked your -phobias.

We've hijacked your divisive rhetoric.

We've Pepe'd/meme'd/gif'd/video edited it all into oblivion.

You can censor/flag/ban us, we'll come back stronger. We always do.

We won't be silenced.

We won't go away.

We're just getting started.

== See also ==

*[[Decline of the secular left]]

== External links ==

*[http://www.breitbart.com/tech/2016/03/29/an-establishment-conservatives-guide-to-the-alt-right/ A Guide To The Alt-Right] by ALLUM BOKHARI & MILO YIANNOPOULOS, ''Breitbart News''

== References ==
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[[Category:Politics]]
[[Category:Conservatism]]