Conservapedia - User contributions [en]

Led Zeppelin

2007-05-02T01:28:47Z

Scriabin:

[[Image:LedZeppelin.jpg|thumb|right|Led Zeppelin: Left to right John Bonham, Robert Plant, Jimmy Page, John Paul Jones]]
'''Led Zeppelin''' were a British rock group. The members of the band were Robert Plant (vocals), Jimmy Page (guitar), John Paul Jones (bass guitar and keyboards) and John Bonham (drums).

The band was formed by Jimmy Page in 1968 after his previous band, [[The Yardbirds]], split up with outstanding contractual obligations to play a number of concerts. They were notoriously private and spurned the publicity machine usually favored by groups. In their home country, the UK, they refused to release singles to promote their albums and rarely made television appearances (which were curtailed after the release of the first album), preferring instead to tour extensively.

Led Zeppelin's eponymous [[Led Zeppelin (album)|first album]] (1969) drew heavily on their blues background and drew critical acclaim.

Their second album, simply called ''[[Led Zeppelin II]]'' (1969), placed the band firmly in the vanguard of the heavy rock movement and featured a track which became their first US Number 1, "[[Whole Lotta Love]]".

The third album, ''[[Led Zeppelin III]]'' (1970), featured a more acoustic sound and drew on folk influences, but still had room for hard rock in "Immigrant Song" and the blues in "Since I've Been Loving You".

Their [[Led Zeppelin IV|fourth album]] (1971) which was untitled and did not feature the band on the cover, became known as ''Led Zeppelin IV'' or ''Four Symbols'' (the "symbols" being four runic symbols on the inside cover, one associated with each member of the band). This album launched Led Zeppelin into a new level as the track "[[Stairway to Heaven]]" became the most requested track on US radio ever.

''Houses of the Holy'' (1973) broadened the scope of the band even further with the reggae-influenced "D'Yer Mak'er" and the mysterious , lingering "No Quarter".

After the release of ''Houses of the Holy'' the band's next project was the mostly live concert film, ''The Song remains the Same'', named after a track on that album and featuring footage of the Madison Square Garden concerts from their 1973 tour.

''Physical Graffiti'' (1975) was a double album that covered many themes and included "[[Kashmir (song)|Kashmir]]". It was followed by ''Presence'' (1976), their only album not to feature any keyboard. Their final album, ''In Through the Out Door'', was released in 1979.

In 1979 Led Zeppelin played their two largest concerts, in front of 400,000 people at the Knebworth Festival. Parts of the first Knebworth concert later featured on the Led Zeppelin DVD released in 2002, which also included footage from a show at the Royal Albert Hall in London from 1970 and shows at Madison Square Garden and Earls Court from 1973 and 1975 respectively.

After playing a short European tour in the summer of 1980, the band began preparing for a longer North American tour when John Bonham suddenly died due to overconsumption of alcohol. The band subsequently broke up, as Plant, Page, and Jones each pursued solo careers to varying degrees of success. The three surviving members would reunite in 1985 for the [[Live Aid]] concert, in 1988 for the Atlantic Records 40th Anniversary concert, and in 1995 for their induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Page and Plant also reunited (without Jones) to record an album covering Led Zeppelin songs, and an album of originals.

===Studio albums===

*''[[Led Zeppelin (Album)|Led Zeppelin]]'' (1969)
*''[[Led Zeppelin II]]'' (1969)
*''[[Led Zeppelin III]]'' (1970)
*(untitled fourth album, commonly known as) ''[[Led Zeppelin IV]]'' (1971)
*''[[Houses of the Holy]]'' (1973)
*''[[Physical Graffiti]]'' (1975)
*''[[Presence]]'' (1976)
*''[[In Through the Out Door]]'' (1979)

===Live Albums===

*''[[The Song Remains the Same (Soundtrack)|The Song Remains the Same]]'' (1975)
*''[[BBC Sessions (Led Zeppelin)|BBC Sessions]]'' (1997, recorded 1969 and 1971)
*''[[How the West Was Won (album)|How the West Was Won]]'' (2003, recorded 1972)

===Compilations===

*''[[Coda (Led Zeppelin album)|Coda]]'' (1981)
*''[[Remasters (Compilation)]]'' (1990)

[[Category:Bands]]

Led Zeppelin

2007-05-02T01:15:50Z

Scriabin:

[[Image:LedZeppelin.jpg|thumb|right|Led Zeppelin: Left to right John Bonham, Robert Plant, Jimmy Page, John Paul Jones]]
'''Led Zeppelin''' were a British rock group. The members of the band were Robert Plant (vocals), Jimmy Page (guitar), John Paul Jones (bass guitar and keyboards) and John Bonham (drums).

The band was formed by Jimmy Page in 1968 after his previous band, [[The Yardbirds]], split up with outstanding contractual obligations to play a number of concerts. They were notoriously private and spurned the publicity machine usually favored by groups. In their home country, the UK, they refused to release singles to promote their albums and rarely made television appearances (which were curtailed after the release of the first album), preferring instead to tour extensively.

Led Zeppelin's eponymous [[Led Zeppelin (album)|first album]] (1969) drew heavily on their blues background and drew critical acclaim.

Their second album, simply called ''[[Led Zeppelin II]]'' (1969), placed the band firmly in the vanguard of the heavy rock movement and featured a track which became their first US Number 1, "[[Whole Lotta Love]]".

The third album, ''Led Zeppelin III'' (1970), featured a more acoustic sound and drew on folk influences. It still had room for hard rock in Immigrant Song and the blues in Since I've Been Loving You.

The fourth album (1971) which was untitled and did not feature the band on the cover, became known as either Four Symbols or Led Zeppelin IV. The 'symbols' being four runic symbols, one associated with each member of the band. This album launched Led Zeppelin into a new level as the track "[[Stairway to Heaven]]" became the most requested track on US radio ever.

''Houses of the Holy'' (1973) broadened the scope of the band even further with the reggae influenced D'Yer Mak'er and the mysterious lingering No Quarter.

After the release of Houses of the Holy the band's next project was the mostly live concert film, The Song remains the Same, named after a track on that album.

Physical Graffiti (1975) was a double album that covered many themes and included Kashmir.

Presence (1976) and In Through the Out Door (1979) followed and Led Zeppelin's place in Rock History was assured.

In 1979 Led Zeppelin played their biggest gigs, in front of 400,000 people at the Knebworth Festival. This gig later featured on their 2002 released DVD.

===Studio albums===

*''[[Led Zeppelin (Album)|Led Zeppelin]]'' (1969)
*''[[Led Zeppelin II]]'' (1969)
*''[[Led Zeppelin III]]'' (1970)
*(untitled fourth album, commonly known as) ''[[Led Zeppelin IV]]'' (1971)
*''[[Houses of the Holy]]'' (1973)
*''[[Physical Graffiti]]'' (1975)
*''[[Presence]]'' (1976)
*''[[In Through the Out Door]]'' (1979)

===Live Albums===

*''[[The Song Remains the Same (Soundtrack)|The Song Remains the Same]]'' (1975)
*''[[BBC Sessions (Led Zeppelin)|BBC Sessions]]'' (1997, recorded 1969 and 1971)
*''[[How the West Was Won (album)|How the West Was Won]]'' (2003, recorded 1972)

===Compilations===

*''[[Coda (Led Zeppelin album)|Coda]]'' (1981)
*''[[Remasters (Compilation)]]'' (1990)

[[Category:Bands]]

Led Zeppelin

2007-05-02T00:55:29Z

Scriabin: /* Discography */

[[Image:LedZeppelin.jpg|thumb|right|Led Zeppelin: Left to right John Bonham, Robert Plant, Jimmy Page, John Paul Jones]]
'''Led Zeppelin''' were a British rock group. The members of the band were Robert Plant (vocals), Jimmy Page (guitar), John Paul Jones (bass guitar and keyboards) and John Bonham (drums).

The were formed by Jimmy Page in 1968 after his previous band The Yardbirds split with outstanding contractual obligations to play a number of concerts. Led Zeppelin were notoriously private and spurned the publicity machine usually favored by groups. In their home country, the UK, they refused to release singles to promote their albums and television appearances where rare. After the release of the first album such appearances stopped altogether. The band preferred to tour extensively.

Their eponymous first album (1969) drew heavily on their blues background and drew critical acclaim.

The second album, simply called Led Zeppelin 2 (1970), placed the band firmly in the vanguard of the heavy rock movement and featured a track which became their first US Number 1, Whole Lotta Love.

The third album, Led Zeppelin 3 (1971), featured a more acoustic sound and drew on folk influences. It still had room for hard rock in Immigrant Song and the blues in Since I've Been Loving You.

The fourth album (1973) which was untitled and did not feature the band on the cover, became known as either Four Symbols or Led Zeppelin Four. The 'symbols' being four runic symbols, one associated with each member of the band. This album launched Led Zeppelin into a new level as the track Stairway to Heaven became the most requested track on US radio ever.

Houses of the Holy (1974) broadened the scope of the band even further with the reggae influenced D'Ya Maker and the mysterious lingering No Quarter.

After the release of Houses of the Holy the band's next project was the mostly live concert film, The Song remains the Same, named after a track on that album.

Physical Graffiti (1975) was a double album that covered many themes and included Kashmir.

Presence (1976) and In Through the Out Door (1979) followed and Led Zeppelin's place in Rock History was assured.

In 1979 Led Zeppelin played their biggest gigs, in front of 400,000 people at the Knebworth Festival. This gig later featured on their 2002 released DVD.

===Studio albums===

*''[[Led Zeppelin (Album)|Led Zeppelin]]'' (1969)
*''[[Led Zeppelin II]]'' (1969)
*''[[Led Zeppelin III]]'' (1970)
*(untitled fourth album, commonly known as) ''[[Led Zeppelin IV]]'' (1971)
*''[[Houses of the Holy]]'' (1973)
*''[[Physical Graffiti]]'' (1975)
*''[[Presence]]'' (1976)
*''[[In Through the Out Door]]'' (1979)

===Live Albums===

*''[[The Song Remains the Same (Soundtrack)|The Song Remains the Same]]'' (1975)
*''[[BBC Sessions (Led Zeppelin)|BBC Sessions]]'' (1997, recorded 1969 and 1971)
*''[[How the West Was Won (album)|How the West Was Won]]'' (2003, recorded 1972)

===Compilations===

*''[[Coda (Led Zeppelin album)|Coda]]'' (1981)
*''[[Remasters (Compilation)]]'' (1990)

[[Category:Bands]]

Talk:Square root

2007-04-24T20:29:50Z

Scriabin: /* This is really a usage question */

I have commented out part of the text, until I figure out how to generate the radical symbol for roots. Also, it looks like a few basic math files need to be created... [[User:Human|Human]] 16:27, 12 April 2007 (EDT)
:: like this <math>\sqrt{2}</math> [[User:Jaques|Jaques]] 17:46, 12 April 2007 (EDT)

== Order? ==

The current article jumps back and forth with concepts. We go from the intro to irrational numbers, then to imaginary numbers, and only then do we get the whole "two square roots per number" and "notation" stuff laid down. Anybody mind if I try to re-arrange some stuff? --[[User:Sid 3050|Sid 3050]] 17:43, 12 April 2007 (EDT)
:I'll take that as a "No". Going in... --[[User:Sid 3050|Sid 3050]] 18:04, 12 April 2007 (EDT)
::Done. In my eyes, this is a bit more structured than before. Opinions, edits and expansions welcome, of course. Just my suggestion. --[[User:Sid 3050|Sid 3050]] 18:30, 12 April 2007 (EDT)
:::Thanks, you're right. <strike>I think it might need some more copyediting in order to truly "introduce" topics in order of complexity. But at least now the article exists - and is</strike> already better than it started. You didn't get a response earlier because you were fixing it about eleven seconds after I saved it ;) [[User:Human|Human]] 19:13, 12 April 2007 (EDT) Oops, reason for strikethrough, it's chaged again for the even better! [[User:Human|Human]] 19:18, 12 April 2007 (EDT)

==Zero==

Wouldn't only all nonzero numbers have two square roots? [[User:MountainDew|MountainDew]] 17:53, 12 April 2007 (EDT)

:Cross-checking with Wikipedia (my Calculus books are out of reach at the moment) says that the square roots do not have to be distinct, so <math>\sqrt{0} = \pm 0</math>. But there are indeed two. --[[User:Sid 3050|Sid 3050]] 17:57, 12 April 2007 (EDT)

::Whoa, thanks for fixing this thing up so fast, folks! [[User:Human|Human]] 18:06, 12 April 2007 (EDT)

== +/- notation deleted? ==

Why is this:

:"As such, the technically correct way of writing is
::<math>\sqrt{9} = \pm 3</math>"

Being deleted? It is not only correct, it is very important. For instance, the [[quadratic formula]] page would need it if the details of [[completing the square]] were laid out. Earlier today, Rschlafly removed it, I reverted it back in, and now Jacques has removed it. So let us discuss it here? [[User:Human|Human]] 13:50, 22 April 2007 (EDT)
:Hearing no objection or reason, I am putting it back in. [[User:Human|Human]] 01:12, 24 April 2007 (EDT)

:: I removed it, because it is not technically correct. It is just not true that the [[quadratic formula]] page needs it. That page uses a plus-or-minus symbol in front of the square root. It would just need a plus sign, if the plus-or-minus were really technically correct for the square root. [[User:RSchlafly|RSchlafly]] 01:37, 24 April 2007 (EDT)
:::How is it not technically correct? Please explain this new math you're using. [[User:ColinR|ColinR]][[User_talk:ColinR|talk]] 01:38, 24 April 2007 (EDT)

:::: I gave an explanation. If you don't believe, trying punching 9 and then the square root button on a calculator. [[User:RSchlafly|RSchlafly]] 01:56, 24 April 2007 (EDT)
:::::Tell me, what does -3 x -3 equal? Or -2 x -2? Hmmm. [[User:ColinR|ColinR]][[User_talk:ColinR|talk]] 01:58, 24 April 2007 (EDT)

Excuse me. I'm going to vent. [[User:RSchlafly|RSchlafly]], you are completely wrong. As in, no ideology needed. The square root of 9 ''is'' plus or minus 3. The equation shown expresses that clearly. When a square root is taken, the plus or minus becomes required in order to keep track of multiple possible solutions. Unfortunately, the last math text I kept was my calculus book, so I don't have a ready cite from a high school algebra text. I can't think of any "polite" ways to say that you don't understand what you are talking about. perhaps when I struggle to remember the steps in completing the square and post it on one of these math files, you'll see why it matters. [[User:Human|Human]] 02:05, 24 April 2007 (EDT)

:Technically the plus/minus should go in front of the radical if you are referring to both square roots. Usually if there is no sign in front of radical it means just the positive square root. [[User:Scriabin|Scriabin]] 02:08, 24 April 2007 (EDT)

::Exactly. I took a few minutes to think about what Rschlafly is saying again, and I apologise for the outburst. We make the point in the article that a number has two square roots, but fail to say that ''by convention'' we use the plus/minus symbol when we are making sure we haven't thrown out a solution. In other words, simply using the radical implies both answers, based on what the article says. What has to be explained is how this works in solving equations. Say we take the square root of "both sides" - often what has to happen then is that the two different roots force us into simplifying two separate possible equations in two separate columns, at least until the two possibilities resolve. It's a hard core math thing, in that in a lot of "real world" situations, there are no negative numbers. Think carpentry... So, to conclude, I think the expression should be included - but explained better. [[User:Human|Human]] 02:18, 24 April 2007 (EDT)

OK, I tried to make it clearer. In the interest of a harmonious community, [[User:RSchlafly|RSchlafly]], do you think this makes more sense now? [[User:Human|Human]] 02:34, 24 April 2007 (EDT)

: I am still confused by "Since in many situations only the positive square root has any meaning". Don't you mean "Since in many situations both square roots are needed"? The square root symbol is for the nonnegative root, but often both roots are needed. [[User:RSchlafly|RSchlafly]] 02:50, 24 April 2007 (EDT)
::It could be said either way. The way I worded it, I hope, the positive root takes precendence, and both are included when the situation requires it. It could just as easily be worded the other way. Whichever consensus thinks is clearest and most useful to the target audience? [[User:Human|Human]] 14:12, 24 April 2007 (EDT)

::: No, it cannot be said either way. It does not help to have two contradictory definitions of the square root sign. [[User:RSchlafly|RSchlafly]] 14:35, 24 April 2007 (EDT)
::::OK, so define it as the positive root, but point out that there are a pair of numbers that can be squared to produce any given number, and that is shown by our little formula, and is necessary to preserve multiple solutions of equations when taking the square root of each side? Using the Wolfram cite below to define it? [[User:Human|Human]] 14:52, 24 April 2007 (EDT)

Wolfram says:

:The unique nonnegative square root of a nonnegative real number. For example, the principal square root of 9 is 3, although both -3 and 3 are square roots of 9. [http://mathworld.wolfram.com/PrincipalSquareRoot.html]

I want to make sure our article won't mislead some teen studying for the SAT. --[[User:Ed Poor|Ed Poor]] 13:03, 24 April 2007 (EDT)

== redundant +/-? ==

There is no need for a +/- on both sides. Having it on one side is sufficient, since the "other" verion of the equation can be obtained by multiplying by -1.

<math>\sqrt{9} = \pm 3</math>

and

<math>-\sqrt{9} = \pm 3</math>

are equivalent.

I don't know why people keep inserting the +/- on the left side? [[User:Human|Human]] 14:48, 24 April 2007 (EDT)

: Yes, they are equivalent, and both incorrect. [[User:RSchlafly|RSchlafly]] 15:06, 24 April 2007 (EDT)

::Please solve for x: <math>x^2 = 9</math>, and show the steps (no calculators allowed). By the way, there is a hilarious science fiction story about a guy who calculates a massive slippage of the San Andreas fault, and predicts that Western CA (LA) will fall into the ocean. The "hook" at the end is he discovers he took the wrong root at some point, and it's the ''rest of the US'' that slides into the ocean. Presented for comic relief. [[User:Human|Human]] 15:12, 24 April 2007 (EDT)

:::It's a matter of notation. <math>\sqrt{x}</math> refers only to the positive square root, while <math>-\sqrt{x}</math> refers only to the negative square root. If we are describing both square roots, the +/- is required. [[User:Scriabin|Scriabin]] 15:15, 24 April 2007 (EDT)

== negative numbers ==
Negative numbers don't have two roots that are differentiated by a factor of -1. You can look farther down the article to realize that the square roots of negative numbers are different than positive numbers. --[[User:Staple|Staple -Sysop]]

: Yes, negative numbers do have square roots, as explained later in the article. [[User:RSchlafly|RSchlafly]] 15:05, 24 April 2007 (EDT)

::Thanks, I was adding this is you were typing -
::Yes they do: 2i x 2i = -4, also -2i x -2i = -4 - just as solving a quadratic equation that has no real roots can result in a pair of imaginary numbers.
::I think the hidden comment is out of date, from back when I didn't know the math markup at article creation. Anyone can delete it. [[User:Human|Human]] 15:08, 24 April 2007 (EDT)

Here's my solution to the challenge above:

3 × 3 = 9
-3 × -3 = 9

So, x = {3, -3}

--[[User:Ed Poor|Ed Poor]] 15:18, 24 April 2007 (EDT)

:That's using "brute force" - you have to know the answers to solve it.

:Try:

::<math>x^2 = 9</math> (given)
::<math>x = \pm \sqrt{9}</math> (take square root of both sides)
::<math>x = \pm 3</math> (looking up sqr(9) in table.
::Giving the same result you got.

::For clarity, apply the same technique to solve for ''x'' in <math>x^2 = y</math> - or, see [[Completing the square]]. [[User:Human|Human]] 15:23, 24 April 2007 (EDT)

== This is really a usage question ==

I think we all understand the point that there are two solutions to the equation

:x2 = 9

so what's at stake here is a question of usage: in mathematics and elsewhere, what is the customary meaning of the phrase ''square root'' (does it refer to both solutions to that equation, or only to the positive solution); what is the customary meaning of the radical sign? Usage questions can't be answered by logical reasoning; they always require finding an authority for the usage.

One ordinary dictionary says:

square root NOUN: A divisor of a quantity that when squared gives the quantity. For example, the square roots of 25 are 5 and -5 because 5 × 5 = 25 and (-5) × (-5) = 25[http://www.bartleby.com/61/26/S0682600.html AHD online].

Another says:

Main Entry: square root
Function: noun
: a factor of a number that when squared gives the number <the square root of 9 is ±3>{http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/square%20root Merriam-Webster online)

Wolfram's ''Mathworld'' site, which I've found to be very good, has a long article on [http://mathworld.wolfram.com/SquareRoot.html square root], which opens by saying

:A square root, also called a radical or surd, of x is a number such that r2 = x. The function is therefore the inverse function of f(x) = x2 for x ≥ 0.

It goes on to say that

:Note that any positive real number has two square roots, one positive and one negative. For example, the square roots of 9 are -3 and +3.

It then introduces the phrase "principal square root:"

:Any nonnegative real number x has a unique nonnegative square root r; this is called the ''principal square root'' and is written r = x1/2 or r = √x For example, the principal square root of 9 is +3, while the other square root of 9 is -3. In common usage, unless otherwise specified, "the" square root is generally taken to mean the principal square root.

So this source seems to be saying that the ''phrase" square root includes both values, i.e. there are two "square roots," but that the notation x1/2 and r = √x refer ''only'' to the principal or positive-valued square root. Thus, according to this source, one could write:
:The two square roots of 9 are ±3.
They don't actually say this but they do use parallel language later, when they say:
:The two square roots of -9 are ±√-9 = ±3''i''

P. S. No time to look further into this now, but two other relevant sources would be some reasonably popular current algebra textbook, and... I really think this is worth looking into... the State of Massachusetts releases the test questions and answers used on the standardized tests required for high-school graduation, and there's various curriculum stuff available, and I know I saw that New Jersey and probably numerous other states do something similar. I'll betcha a nickel that there's a test question about this somewhere, and it is probably possible to say "If the State of Massachusetts asks you about this, the answer that will be scored correct is thus-and-such..." [[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith]] 16:26, 24 April 2007 (EDT)

:After struggling through some of the math coding, I think I have clarified the article by defining the radical symbol as the principal square root only, while making it more clear that there are two square roots.

Square root

2007-04-24T20:27:29Z

Scriabin: /* Two square roots */

The '''square root''' of a number ''x'' is a number that, multiplied by itself, results in ''x''. For example, 5 × 5 = 25 so 5 is a square root of 25. Also, -5 × -5 = 25 so 5 is the other square root.

The symbol for the non-negative square root of ''x'' is <math>\sqrt{x}</math>.

==Two square roots ==
<math>x^2\ = y</math> implies <math>|x| = \sqrt{y}</math>

This shows that all numbers other than zero have two square roots, one positive and one negative: <ref>"Note that any positive real number has two square roots, one positive and one negative. For example, the square roots of 9 are -3 and +3, since (-3)^2==(+3)^2==9." [http://mathworld.wolfram.com/SquareRoot.html Wolfram Research] - Eric Weisstein </ref>
:<math>3 \cdot 3 = 9</math> and <math>-3 \cdot -3 = 9</math>

When speaking of "''the'' square root of ''x''", people usually refer to the positive square root. For example:
:<math>\sqrt{9} = 3</math>

When both square roots are to be considered, in mathematics the convention is to use a sign, pronounced "plus or minus" to signify them:
:<math>\pm \sqrt{9} = \pm 3</math>

This has important implications when solving equations, in that, if the square root of both sides is taken, one must be careful to allow for both the positive and negative square root. A well known example is [[completing the square]] to solve a [[quadratic equation]].

==Irrational numbers as square roots of whole numbers==
Some square roots are relatively simple [[whole number]]s, for example, 3 the square root of 9. Others are less amenable to expression, such as the square root of 2 (=1.414...), which has been proven to be an [[irrational number]].

==Square roots of negative numbers==
Negative numbers have square roots that lie outside the [[real number]]s: Multiplying a real number by itself always results in a positive number. The square roots of negative numbers involve what are called [[imaginary number]]s:
:<math>\sqrt{-1} = i</math> which for example leads to <math>\sqrt{-9} = 3i</math>

The statements in [[#Two square roots for each number|"Two square roots for each number"]] also apply to negative numbers.

==Alternate expressions and notations==
Many computer languages and spreadsheet programs use "''sqr(x)''" or "''sqrt(x)''" to describe (or calculate) the square root of ''x''. This is also the common notation used when mathematical symbols are not conveniently available.

The square root of a number can also be denoted as <math>x^{\frac{1}{2}}</math>. This can readily be seen by the rule of adding powers when multiplying:
:<math>x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot x^{\frac{1}{2}} = x^{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}} = x^{1} = x</math>
If superscript is not available, the common way of writing this is '''x^(1/2)'''.

==Notes==
<references/>

[[category:mathematics]]

Square root

2007-04-24T20:27:19Z

Scriabin: /* Two square roots */

The '''square root''' of a number ''x'' is a number that, multiplied by itself, results in ''x''. For example, 5 × 5 = 25 so 5 is a square root of 25. Also, -5 × -5 = 25 so 5 is the other square root.

The symbol for the non-negative square root of ''x'' is <math>\sqrt{x}</math>.

==Two square roots ==
<math>x^2 \ = y</math> implies <math>|x| = \sqrt{y}</math>

This shows that all numbers other than zero have two square roots, one positive and one negative: <ref>"Note that any positive real number has two square roots, one positive and one negative. For example, the square roots of 9 are -3 and +3, since (-3)^2==(+3)^2==9." [http://mathworld.wolfram.com/SquareRoot.html Wolfram Research] - Eric Weisstein </ref>
:<math>3 \cdot 3 = 9</math> and <math>-3 \cdot -3 = 9</math>

When speaking of "''the'' square root of ''x''", people usually refer to the positive square root. For example:
:<math>\sqrt{9} = 3</math>

When both square roots are to be considered, in mathematics the convention is to use a sign, pronounced "plus or minus" to signify them:
:<math>\pm \sqrt{9} = \pm 3</math>

This has important implications when solving equations, in that, if the square root of both sides is taken, one must be careful to allow for both the positive and negative square root. A well known example is [[completing the square]] to solve a [[quadratic equation]].

==Irrational numbers as square roots of whole numbers==
Some square roots are relatively simple [[whole number]]s, for example, 3 the square root of 9. Others are less amenable to expression, such as the square root of 2 (=1.414...), which has been proven to be an [[irrational number]].

==Square roots of negative numbers==
Negative numbers have square roots that lie outside the [[real number]]s: Multiplying a real number by itself always results in a positive number. The square roots of negative numbers involve what are called [[imaginary number]]s:
:<math>\sqrt{-1} = i</math> which for example leads to <math>\sqrt{-9} = 3i</math>

The statements in [[#Two square roots for each number|"Two square roots for each number"]] also apply to negative numbers.

==Alternate expressions and notations==
Many computer languages and spreadsheet programs use "''sqr(x)''" or "''sqrt(x)''" to describe (or calculate) the square root of ''x''. This is also the common notation used when mathematical symbols are not conveniently available.

The square root of a number can also be denoted as <math>x^{\frac{1}{2}}</math>. This can readily be seen by the rule of adding powers when multiplying:
:<math>x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot x^{\frac{1}{2}} = x^{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}} = x^{1} = x</math>
If superscript is not available, the common way of writing this is '''x^(1/2)'''.

==Notes==
<references/>

[[category:mathematics]]

Square root

2007-04-24T20:27:08Z

Scriabin: /* Two square roots */

The '''square root''' of a number ''x'' is a number that, multiplied by itself, results in ''x''. For example, 5 × 5 = 25 so 5 is a square root of 25. Also, -5 × -5 = 25 so 5 is the other square root.

The symbol for the non-negative square root of ''x'' is <math>\sqrt{x}</math>.

==Two square roots ==
<math>x^2,\ = y</math> implies <math>|x| = \sqrt{y}</math>

This shows that all numbers other than zero have two square roots, one positive and one negative: <ref>"Note that any positive real number has two square roots, one positive and one negative. For example, the square roots of 9 are -3 and +3, since (-3)^2==(+3)^2==9." [http://mathworld.wolfram.com/SquareRoot.html Wolfram Research] - Eric Weisstein </ref>
:<math>3 \cdot 3 = 9</math> and <math>-3 \cdot -3 = 9</math>

When speaking of "''the'' square root of ''x''", people usually refer to the positive square root. For example:
:<math>\sqrt{9} = 3</math>

When both square roots are to be considered, in mathematics the convention is to use a sign, pronounced "plus or minus" to signify them:
:<math>\pm \sqrt{9} = \pm 3</math>

This has important implications when solving equations, in that, if the square root of both sides is taken, one must be careful to allow for both the positive and negative square root. A well known example is [[completing the square]] to solve a [[quadratic equation]].

==Irrational numbers as square roots of whole numbers==
Some square roots are relatively simple [[whole number]]s, for example, 3 the square root of 9. Others are less amenable to expression, such as the square root of 2 (=1.414...), which has been proven to be an [[irrational number]].

==Square roots of negative numbers==
Negative numbers have square roots that lie outside the [[real number]]s: Multiplying a real number by itself always results in a positive number. The square roots of negative numbers involve what are called [[imaginary number]]s:
:<math>\sqrt{-1} = i</math> which for example leads to <math>\sqrt{-9} = 3i</math>

The statements in [[#Two square roots for each number|"Two square roots for each number"]] also apply to negative numbers.

==Alternate expressions and notations==
Many computer languages and spreadsheet programs use "''sqr(x)''" or "''sqrt(x)''" to describe (or calculate) the square root of ''x''. This is also the common notation used when mathematical symbols are not conveniently available.

The square root of a number can also be denoted as <math>x^{\frac{1}{2}}</math>. This can readily be seen by the rule of adding powers when multiplying:
:<math>x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot x^{\frac{1}{2}} = x^{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}} = x^{1} = x</math>
If superscript is not available, the common way of writing this is '''x^(1/2)'''.

==Notes==
<references/>

[[category:mathematics]]

Square root

2007-04-24T20:26:54Z

Scriabin: /* Two square roots */

The '''square root''' of a number ''x'' is a number that, multiplied by itself, results in ''x''. For example, 5 × 5 = 25 so 5 is a square root of 25. Also, -5 × -5 = 25 so 5 is the other square root.

The symbol for the non-negative square root of ''x'' is <math>\sqrt{x}</math>.

==Two square roots ==
<math>x^2,\, = y</math> implies <math>|x| = \sqrt{y}</math>

This shows that all numbers other than zero have two square roots, one positive and one negative: <ref>"Note that any positive real number has two square roots, one positive and one negative. For example, the square roots of 9 are -3 and +3, since (-3)^2==(+3)^2==9." [http://mathworld.wolfram.com/SquareRoot.html Wolfram Research] - Eric Weisstein </ref>
:<math>3 \cdot 3 = 9</math> and <math>-3 \cdot -3 = 9</math>

When speaking of "''the'' square root of ''x''", people usually refer to the positive square root. For example:
:<math>\sqrt{9} = 3</math>

When both square roots are to be considered, in mathematics the convention is to use a sign, pronounced "plus or minus" to signify them:
:<math>\pm \sqrt{9} = \pm 3</math>

This has important implications when solving equations, in that, if the square root of both sides is taken, one must be careful to allow for both the positive and negative square root. A well known example is [[completing the square]] to solve a [[quadratic equation]].

==Irrational numbers as square roots of whole numbers==
Some square roots are relatively simple [[whole number]]s, for example, 3 the square root of 9. Others are less amenable to expression, such as the square root of 2 (=1.414...), which has been proven to be an [[irrational number]].

==Square roots of negative numbers==
Negative numbers have square roots that lie outside the [[real number]]s: Multiplying a real number by itself always results in a positive number. The square roots of negative numbers involve what are called [[imaginary number]]s:
:<math>\sqrt{-1} = i</math> which for example leads to <math>\sqrt{-9} = 3i</math>

The statements in [[#Two square roots for each number|"Two square roots for each number"]] also apply to negative numbers.

==Alternate expressions and notations==
Many computer languages and spreadsheet programs use "''sqr(x)''" or "''sqrt(x)''" to describe (or calculate) the square root of ''x''. This is also the common notation used when mathematical symbols are not conveniently available.

The square root of a number can also be denoted as <math>x^{\frac{1}{2}}</math>. This can readily be seen by the rule of adding powers when multiplying:
:<math>x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot x^{\frac{1}{2}} = x^{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}} = x^{1} = x</math>
If superscript is not available, the common way of writing this is '''x^(1/2)'''.

==Notes==
<references/>

[[category:mathematics]]

Square root

2007-04-24T20:25:06Z

Scriabin: /* Two square roots */

The '''square root''' of a number ''x'' is a number that, multiplied by itself, results in ''x''. For example, 5 × 5 = 25 so 5 is a square root of 25. Also, -5 × -5 = 25 so 5 is the other square root.

The symbol for the non-negative square root of ''x'' is <math>\sqrt{x}</math>.

==Two square roots ==
<math>x^2 = y</math>
implies:
<math>|x| = \sqrt{y}</math>

This shows that all numbers other than zero have two square roots, one positive and one negative: <ref>"Note that any positive real number has two square roots, one positive and one negative. For example, the square roots of 9 are -3 and +3, since (-3)^2==(+3)^2==9." [http://mathworld.wolfram.com/SquareRoot.html Wolfram Research] - Eric Weisstein </ref>
:<math>3 \cdot 3 = 9</math> and <math>-3 \cdot -3 = 9</math>

When speaking of "''the'' square root of ''x''", people usually refer to the positive square root. For example:
:<math>\sqrt{9} = 3</math>

When both square roots are to be considered, in mathematics the convention is to use a sign, pronounced "plus or minus" to signify them:
:<math>\pm \sqrt{9} = \pm 3</math>

This has important implications when solving equations, in that, if the square root of both sides is taken, one must be careful to allow for both the positive and negative square root. A well known example is [[completing the square]] to solve a [[quadratic equation]].

==Irrational numbers as square roots of whole numbers==
Some square roots are relatively simple [[whole number]]s, for example, 3 the square root of 9. Others are less amenable to expression, such as the square root of 2 (=1.414...), which has been proven to be an [[irrational number]].

==Square roots of negative numbers==
Negative numbers have square roots that lie outside the [[real number]]s: Multiplying a real number by itself always results in a positive number. The square roots of negative numbers involve what are called [[imaginary number]]s:
:<math>\sqrt{-1} = i</math> which for example leads to <math>\sqrt{-9} = 3i</math>

The statements in [[#Two square roots for each number|"Two square roots for each number"]] also apply to negative numbers.

==Alternate expressions and notations==
Many computer languages and spreadsheet programs use "''sqr(x)''" or "''sqrt(x)''" to describe (or calculate) the square root of ''x''. This is also the common notation used when mathematical symbols are not conveniently available.

The square root of a number can also be denoted as <math>x^{\frac{1}{2}}</math>. This can readily be seen by the rule of adding powers when multiplying:
:<math>x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot x^{\frac{1}{2}} = x^{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}} = x^{1} = x</math>
If superscript is not available, the common way of writing this is '''x^(1/2)'''.

==Notes==
<references/>

[[category:mathematics]]

Square root

2007-04-24T20:20:25Z

Scriabin: /* Two square roots */

The '''square root''' of a number ''x'' is a number that, multiplied by itself, results in ''x''. For example, 5 × 5 = 25 so 5 is a square root of 25. Also, -5 × -5 = 25 so 5 is the other square root.

The symbol for the non-negative square root of ''x'' is <math>\sqrt{x}</math>.

==Two square roots ==
<math>x^2 = y</math>
implies:
<math>x = |y|</math>

This shows that all numbers other than zero have two square roots, one positive and one negative: <ref>"Note that any positive real number has two square roots, one positive and one negative. For example, the square roots of 9 are -3 and +3, since (-3)^2==(+3)^2==9." [http://mathworld.wolfram.com/SquareRoot.html Wolfram Research] - Eric Weisstein </ref>
:<math>3 \cdot 3 = 9</math> and <math>-3 \cdot -3 = 9</math>

When speaking of "''the'' square root of ''x''", people usually refer to the positive square root. For example:
:<math>\sqrt{9} = 3</math>

When both square roots are to be considered, in mathematics the convention is to use a sign, pronounced "plus or minus" to signify them:
:<math>\pm \sqrt{9} = \pm 3</math>

This has important implications when solving equations, in that, if the square root of both sides is taken, one must be careful to allow for both the positive and negative square root. A well known example is [[completing the square]] to solve a [[quadratic equation]].

==Irrational numbers as square roots of whole numbers==
Some square roots are relatively simple [[whole number]]s, for example, 3 the square root of 9. Others are less amenable to expression, such as the square root of 2 (=1.414...), which has been proven to be an [[irrational number]].

==Square roots of negative numbers==
Negative numbers have square roots that lie outside the [[real number]]s: Multiplying a real number by itself always results in a positive number. The square roots of negative numbers involve what are called [[imaginary number]]s:
:<math>\sqrt{-1} = i</math> which for example leads to <math>\sqrt{-9} = 3i</math>

The statements in [[#Two square roots for each number|"Two square roots for each number"]] also apply to negative numbers.

==Alternate expressions and notations==
Many computer languages and spreadsheet programs use "''sqr(x)''" or "''sqrt(x)''" to describe (or calculate) the square root of ''x''. This is also the common notation used when mathematical symbols are not conveniently available.

The square root of a number can also be denoted as <math>x^{\frac{1}{2}}</math>. This can readily be seen by the rule of adding powers when multiplying:
:<math>x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot x^{\frac{1}{2}} = x^{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}} = x^{1} = x</math>
If superscript is not available, the common way of writing this is '''x^(1/2)'''.

==Notes==
<references/>

[[category:mathematics]]

Square root

2007-04-24T20:20:13Z

Scriabin: /* Two square roots */

The '''square root''' of a number ''x'' is a number that, multiplied by itself, results in ''x''. For example, 5 × 5 = 25 so 5 is a square root of 25. Also, -5 × -5 = 25 so 5 is the other square root.

The symbol for the non-negative square root of ''x'' is <math>\sqrt{x}</math>.

==Two square roots ==
<math>\x^2 = y</math>
implies:
<math>\x = |y|</math>

This shows that all numbers other than zero have two square roots, one positive and one negative: <ref>"Note that any positive real number has two square roots, one positive and one negative. For example, the square roots of 9 are -3 and +3, since (-3)^2==(+3)^2==9." [http://mathworld.wolfram.com/SquareRoot.html Wolfram Research] - Eric Weisstein </ref>
:<math>3 \cdot 3 = 9</math> and <math>-3 \cdot -3 = 9</math>

When speaking of "''the'' square root of ''x''", people usually refer to the positive square root. For example:
:<math>\sqrt{9} = 3</math>

When both square roots are to be considered, in mathematics the convention is to use a sign, pronounced "plus or minus" to signify them:
:<math>\pm \sqrt{9} = \pm 3</math>

This has important implications when solving equations, in that, if the square root of both sides is taken, one must be careful to allow for both the positive and negative square root. A well known example is [[completing the square]] to solve a [[quadratic equation]].

==Irrational numbers as square roots of whole numbers==
Some square roots are relatively simple [[whole number]]s, for example, 3 the square root of 9. Others are less amenable to expression, such as the square root of 2 (=1.414...), which has been proven to be an [[irrational number]].

==Square roots of negative numbers==
Negative numbers have square roots that lie outside the [[real number]]s: Multiplying a real number by itself always results in a positive number. The square roots of negative numbers involve what are called [[imaginary number]]s:
:<math>\sqrt{-1} = i</math> which for example leads to <math>\sqrt{-9} = 3i</math>

The statements in [[#Two square roots for each number|"Two square roots for each number"]] also apply to negative numbers.

==Alternate expressions and notations==
Many computer languages and spreadsheet programs use "''sqr(x)''" or "''sqrt(x)''" to describe (or calculate) the square root of ''x''. This is also the common notation used when mathematical symbols are not conveniently available.

The square root of a number can also be denoted as <math>x^{\frac{1}{2}}</math>. This can readily be seen by the rule of adding powers when multiplying:
:<math>x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot x^{\frac{1}{2}} = x^{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}} = x^{1} = x</math>
If superscript is not available, the common way of writing this is '''x^(1/2)'''.

==Notes==
<references/>

[[category:mathematics]]

Square root

2007-04-24T20:19:43Z

Scriabin: /* Two square roots */

The '''square root''' of a number ''x'' is a number that, multiplied by itself, results in ''x''. For example, 5 × 5 = 25 so 5 is a square root of 25. Also, -5 × -5 = 25 so 5 is the other square root.

The symbol for the non-negative square root of ''x'' is <math>\sqrt{x}</math>.

==Two square roots ==
<math>\x^2 = y</math>
implies:
<math>\x = |y|</math>.

This shows that all numbers other than zero have two square roots, one positive and one negative: <ref>"Note that any positive real number has two square roots, one positive and one negative. For example, the square roots of 9 are -3 and +3, since (-3)^2==(+3)^2==9." [http://mathworld.wolfram.com/SquareRoot.html Wolfram Research] - Eric Weisstein </ref>
:<math>3 \cdot 3 = 9</math> and <math>-3 \cdot -3 = 9</math>

When speaking of "''the'' square root of ''x''", people usually refer to the positive square root. For example:
:<math>\sqrt{9} = 3</math>

When both square roots are to be considered, in mathematics the convention is to use a sign, pronounced "plus or minus" to signify them:
:<math>\pm \sqrt{9} = \pm 3</math>

This has important implications when solving equations, in that, if the square root of both sides is taken, one must be careful to allow for both the positive and negative square root. A well known example is [[completing the square]] to solve a [[quadratic equation]].

==Irrational numbers as square roots of whole numbers==
Some square roots are relatively simple [[whole number]]s, for example, 3 the square root of 9. Others are less amenable to expression, such as the square root of 2 (=1.414...), which has been proven to be an [[irrational number]].

==Square roots of negative numbers==
Negative numbers have square roots that lie outside the [[real number]]s: Multiplying a real number by itself always results in a positive number. The square roots of negative numbers involve what are called [[imaginary number]]s:
:<math>\sqrt{-1} = i</math> which for example leads to <math>\sqrt{-9} = 3i</math>

The statements in [[#Two square roots for each number|"Two square roots for each number"]] also apply to negative numbers.

==Alternate expressions and notations==
Many computer languages and spreadsheet programs use "''sqr(x)''" or "''sqrt(x)''" to describe (or calculate) the square root of ''x''. This is also the common notation used when mathematical symbols are not conveniently available.

The square root of a number can also be denoted as <math>x^{\frac{1}{2}}</math>. This can readily be seen by the rule of adding powers when multiplying:
:<math>x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot x^{\frac{1}{2}} = x^{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}} = x^{1} = x</math>
If superscript is not available, the common way of writing this is '''x^(1/2)'''.

==Notes==
<references/>

[[category:mathematics]]

Square root

2007-04-24T20:19:23Z

Scriabin:

The '''square root''' of a number ''x'' is a number that, multiplied by itself, results in ''x''. For example, 5 × 5 = 25 so 5 is a square root of 25. Also, -5 × -5 = 25 so 5 is the other square root.

The symbol for the non-negative square root of ''x'' is <math>\sqrt{x}</math>.

==Two square roots ==
<math>x^2 = y</math>
implies:
<math>x = |y|</math>.

This shows that all numbers other than zero have two square roots, one positive and one negative: <ref>"Note that any positive real number has two square roots, one positive and one negative. For example, the square roots of 9 are -3 and +3, since (-3)^2==(+3)^2==9." [http://mathworld.wolfram.com/SquareRoot.html Wolfram Research] - Eric Weisstein </ref>
:<math>3 \cdot 3 = 9</math> and <math>-3 \cdot -3 = 9</math>

When speaking of "''the'' square root of ''x''", people usually refer to the positive square root. For example:
:<math>\sqrt{9} = 3</math>

When both square roots are to be considered, in mathematics the convention is to use a sign, pronounced "plus or minus" to signify them:
:<math>\pm \sqrt{9} = \pm 3</math>

This has important implications when solving equations, in that, if the square root of both sides is taken, one must be careful to allow for both the positive and negative square root. A well known example is [[completing the square]] to solve a [[quadratic equation]].

==Irrational numbers as square roots of whole numbers==
Some square roots are relatively simple [[whole number]]s, for example, 3 the square root of 9. Others are less amenable to expression, such as the square root of 2 (=1.414...), which has been proven to be an [[irrational number]].

==Square roots of negative numbers==
Negative numbers have square roots that lie outside the [[real number]]s: Multiplying a real number by itself always results in a positive number. The square roots of negative numbers involve what are called [[imaginary number]]s:
:<math>\sqrt{-1} = i</math> which for example leads to <math>\sqrt{-9} = 3i</math>

The statements in [[#Two square roots for each number|"Two square roots for each number"]] also apply to negative numbers.

==Alternate expressions and notations==
Many computer languages and spreadsheet programs use "''sqr(x)''" or "''sqrt(x)''" to describe (or calculate) the square root of ''x''. This is also the common notation used when mathematical symbols are not conveniently available.

The square root of a number can also be denoted as <math>x^{\frac{1}{2}}</math>. This can readily be seen by the rule of adding powers when multiplying:
:<math>x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot x^{\frac{1}{2}} = x^{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}} = x^{1} = x</math>
If superscript is not available, the common way of writing this is '''x^(1/2)'''.

==Notes==
<references/>

[[category:mathematics]]

Square root

2007-04-24T20:18:03Z

Scriabin: /* Two square roots */

The '''square root''' of a number ''x'' is a number that, multiplied by itself, results in ''x''. For example, 5 × 5 = 25 so 5 is a square root of 25. Also, -5 × -5 = 25 so 5 is the other square root.

The symbol for the non-negative square root of ''x'' is <math>\sqrt{x}</math>.

==Two square roots ==
If <math>x^2 = y</math> then <math>x = |y|</math>. This implies that all numbers other than zero have two square roots, one positive and one negative: <ref>"Note that any positive real number has two square roots, one positive and one negative. For example, the square roots of 9 are -3 and +3, since (-3)^2==(+3)^2==9." [http://mathworld.wolfram.com/SquareRoot.html Wolfram Research] - Eric Weisstein </ref>
:<math>3 \cdot 3 = 9</math> and <math>-3 \cdot -3 = 9</math>

When speaking of "''the'' square root of ''x''", people usually refer to the positive square root. For example:
:<math>\sqrt{9} = 3</math>

When both square roots are to be considered, in mathematics the convention is to use a sign, pronounced "plus or minus" to signify them:
:<math>\pm \sqrt{9} = \pm 3</math>

This has important implications when solving equations, in that, if the square root of both sides is taken, one must be careful to allow for both the positive and negative square root. A well known example is [[completing the square]] to solve a [[quadratic equation]].

==Irrational numbers as square roots of whole numbers==
Some square roots are relatively simple [[whole number]]s, for example, 3 the square root of 9. Others are less amenable to expression, such as the square root of 2 (=1.414...), which has been proven to be an [[irrational number]].

==Square roots of negative numbers==
Negative numbers have square roots that lie outside the [[real number]]s: Multiplying a real number by itself always results in a positive number. The square roots of negative numbers involve what are called [[imaginary number]]s:
:<math>\sqrt{-1} = i</math> which for example leads to <math>\sqrt{-9} = 3i</math>

The statements in [[#Two square roots for each number|"Two square roots for each number"]] also apply to negative numbers.

==Alternate expressions and notations==
Many computer languages and spreadsheet programs use "''sqr(x)''" or "''sqrt(x)''" to describe (or calculate) the square root of ''x''. This is also the common notation used when mathematical symbols are not conveniently available.

The square root of a number can also be denoted as <math>x^{\frac{1}{2}}</math>. This can readily be seen by the rule of adding powers when multiplying:
:<math>x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot x^{\frac{1}{2}} = x^{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}} = x^{1} = x</math>
If superscript is not available, the common way of writing this is '''x^(1/2)'''.

==Notes==
<references/>

[[category:mathematics]]

Square root

2007-04-24T20:17:23Z

Scriabin: /* Two square roots */

The '''square root''' of a number ''x'' is a number that, multiplied by itself, results in ''x''. For example, 5 × 5 = 25 so 5 is a square root of 25. Also, -5 × -5 = 25 so 5 is the other square root.

The symbol for the non-negative square root of ''x'' is <math>\sqrt{x}</math>.

==Two square roots ==
If <math>x^2 = y</math> then <math>x = \abs(y)</math>. This implies that all numbers other than zero have two square roots, one positive and one negative: <ref>"Note that any positive real number has two square roots, one positive and one negative. For example, the square roots of 9 are -3 and +3, since (-3)^2==(+3)^2==9." [http://mathworld.wolfram.com/SquareRoot.html Wolfram Research] - Eric Weisstein </ref>
:<math>3 \cdot 3 = 9</math> and <math>-3 \cdot -3 = 9</math>

When speaking of "''the'' square root of ''x''", people usually refer to the positive square root. For example:
:<math>\sqrt{9} = 3</math>

When both square roots are to be considered, in mathematics the convention is to use a sign, pronounced "plus or minus" to signify them:
:<math>\pm \sqrt{9} = \pm 3</math>

This has important implications when solving equations, in that, if the square root of both sides is taken, one must be careful to allow for both the positive and negative square root. A well known example is [[completing the square]] to solve a [[quadratic equation]].

==Irrational numbers as square roots of whole numbers==
Some square roots are relatively simple [[whole number]]s, for example, 3 the square root of 9. Others are less amenable to expression, such as the square root of 2 (=1.414...), which has been proven to be an [[irrational number]].

==Square roots of negative numbers==
Negative numbers have square roots that lie outside the [[real number]]s: Multiplying a real number by itself always results in a positive number. The square roots of negative numbers involve what are called [[imaginary number]]s:
:<math>\sqrt{-1} = i</math> which for example leads to <math>\sqrt{-9} = 3i</math>

The statements in [[#Two square roots for each number|"Two square roots for each number"]] also apply to negative numbers.

==Alternate expressions and notations==
Many computer languages and spreadsheet programs use "''sqr(x)''" or "''sqrt(x)''" to describe (or calculate) the square root of ''x''. This is also the common notation used when mathematical symbols are not conveniently available.

The square root of a number can also be denoted as <math>x^{\frac{1}{2}}</math>. This can readily be seen by the rule of adding powers when multiplying:
:<math>x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot x^{\frac{1}{2}} = x^{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}} = x^{1} = x</math>
If superscript is not available, the common way of writing this is '''x^(1/2)'''.

==Notes==
<references/>

[[category:mathematics]]

Square root

2007-04-24T20:12:07Z

Scriabin:

The '''square root''' of a number ''x'' is a number that, multiplied by itself, results in ''x''. For example, 5 × 5 = 25 so 5 is a square root of 25. Also, -5 × -5 = 25 so 5 is the other square root.

The symbol for the non-negative square root of ''x'' is <math>\sqrt{x}</math>.

==Two square roots ==
All numbers other than zero have two square roots, one positive and one negative: <ref>"Note that any positive real number has two square roots, one positive and one negative. For example, the square roots of 9 are -3 and +3, since (-3)^2==(+3)^2==9." [http://mathworld.wolfram.com/SquareRoot.html Wolfram Research] - Eric Weisstein </ref>
:<math>3 \cdot 3 = 9</math> and <math>-3 \cdot -3 = 9</math>

When speaking of "''the'' square root of ''x''", people usually refer to the positive square root. For example:
:<math>\sqrt{9} = 3</math>

When both square roots are to be considered, in mathematics the convention is to use a sign, pronounced "plus or minus" to signify them:
:<math>\pm \sqrt{9} = \pm 3</math>

This has important implications when solving equations, in that, if the square root of both sides is taken, one must be careful to allow for both the positive and negative square root. A well known example is [[completing the square]] to solve a [[quadratic equation]].

==Irrational numbers as square roots of whole numbers==
Some square roots are relatively simple [[whole number]]s, for example, 3 the square root of 9. Others are less amenable to expression, such as the square root of 2 (=1.414...), which has been proven to be an [[irrational number]].

==Square roots of negative numbers==
Negative numbers have square roots that lie outside the [[real number]]s: Multiplying a real number by itself always results in a positive number. The square roots of negative numbers involve what are called [[imaginary number]]s:
:<math>\sqrt{-1} = i</math> which for example leads to <math>\sqrt{-9} = 3i</math>

The statements in [[#Two square roots for each number|"Two square roots for each number"]] also apply to negative numbers.

==Alternate expressions and notations==
Many computer languages and spreadsheet programs use "''sqr(x)''" or "''sqrt(x)''" to describe (or calculate) the square root of ''x''. This is also the common notation used when mathematical symbols are not conveniently available.

The square root of a number can also be denoted as <math>x^{\frac{1}{2}}</math>. This can readily be seen by the rule of adding powers when multiplying:
:<math>x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot x^{\frac{1}{2}} = x^{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}} = x^{1} = x</math>
If superscript is not available, the common way of writing this is '''x^(1/2)'''.

==Notes==
<references/>

[[category:mathematics]]

Square root

2007-04-24T19:16:19Z

Scriabin: see talk

The '''square root''' of a number ''x'' is a number that, multiplied by itself, results in ''x''. For example, 5 × 5 = 25 so 5 is a square root of 25. Also, -5 × -5 = 25 so 5 is the other square root.

The symbol for the square root of ''x'' is <math>\sqrt{x}</math>.

==Two square roots ==
All numbers other than zero have two square roots that differ by a factor of -1:
:<math>3 \cdot 3 = 9</math> and <math>-3 \cdot -3 = 9</math>

When speaking of "''the'' square root of ''x''", people usually refer to the positive square root. For example:
:<math>\sqrt{9} = 3</math>

When both square roots are to be considered, in mathematics the convention is to use a sign, pronounced "plus or minus" to signify them:
:<math>\pm \sqrt{9} = \pm 3</math>

This has important implications when solving equations, in that, if the square root of both sides is taken, one must be careful to allow for both the positive and negative square root. A well known example is [[completing the square]] to solve a [[quadratic equation]].

==Irrational numbers as square roots of whole numbers==
Some square roots are relatively simple [[whole number]]s, for example, 3 the square root of 9. Others are less amenable to expression, such as the square root of 2 (=1.414...), which has been proven to be an [[irrational number]].

==Square roots of negative numbers==
Negative numbers have square roots that lie outside the [[real number]]s: Multiplying a real number by itself always results in a positive number. The square roots of negative numbers involve what are called [[imaginary number]]s:
:<math>\sqrt{-1} = i</math> which for example leads to <math>\sqrt{-9} = 3i</math>

The statements in [[#Two square roots for each number|"Two square roots for each number"]] also apply to negative numbers.

==Alternate expressions and notations==
Many computer languages and spreadsheet programs use "''sqr(x)''" or "''sqrt(x)''" to describe (or calculate) the square root of ''x''. This is also the common notation used when mathematical symbols are not conveniently available.

The square root of a number can also be denoted as <math>x^{\frac{1}{2}}</math>. This can readily be seen by the rule of adding powers when multiplying:
:<math>x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot x^{\frac{1}{2}} = x^{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}} = x^{1} = x</math>
If superscript is not available, the common way of writing this is '''x^(1/2)'''.

[[category:mathematics]]

Talk:Square root

2007-04-24T19:15:34Z

Scriabin: /* redundant +/-? */ sig

Talk:Square root

2007-04-24T19:15:17Z

Scriabin: /* redundant +/-? */

Square root

2007-04-24T06:38:02Z

Scriabin: sqrt(0) is neither positive nor negative

The '''square root''' of a number ''x'' is the number that, multiplied by itself, results in ''x''. The symbol for the square root of ''x'' is <math>\sqrt{x}</math>.

==Two square roots for each number==
All numbers have two square roots that differ by a factor of -1:
:<math>3 \cdot 3 = 9</math> and <math>-3 \cdot -3 = 9</math>
When speaking of "''the'' square root of ''x''", people usually refer to the positive square root. For example:
:<math>\sqrt{9} = 3</math>

All numbers have two square roots, although they don't have to be distinct. For example, the square root of zero has two values: +0 and -0.

Since in many situations only the positive square root has any meaning, to be clear that both square roots are to be considered, in mathematics the convention is to use a sign, pronounced "plus or minus", in front of the square root symbol:
:<math>\pm \sqrt{9} = \pm 3</math>

This has important implications when solving equations, in that, if the square root of both sides is taken, one must be careful to allow for both the positive and negative square root. A well known example is [[completing the square]] to solve a [[quadratic equation]].

==Irrational numbers as square roots of whole numbers==
Some square roots are relatively simple [[whole number]]s, for example, 3 the square root of 9. Others are less amenable to expression, such as the square root of 2 (=1.414...), which has been proven to be an [[irrational number]].

==Square roots of negative numbers==
Negative numbers have square roots that lie outside the [[real number]]s: Multiplying a real number by itself always results in a positive number. The square roots of negative numbers involve what are called [[imaginary number]]s:
:<math>\sqrt{-1} = i</math> which for example leads to <math>\sqrt{-9} = 3i</math>

The statements in [[#Two square roots for each number|"Two square roots for each number"]] also apply to negative numbers.

==Alternate expressions and notations==
Many computer languages and spreadsheet programs use "''sqr(x)''" or "''sqrt(x)''" to describe (or calculate) the square root of ''x''. This is also the common notation used when mathematical symbols are not conveniently available.

The square root of a number can also be denoted as <math>x^{\frac{1}{2}}</math>. This can readily be seen by the rule of adding powers when multiplying:
:<math>x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot x^{\frac{1}{2}} = x^{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}} = x^{1} = x</math>
If superscript is not available, the common way of writing this is '''x^(1/2)'''.

[[category:mathematics]]

Square root

2007-04-24T06:35:44Z

Scriabin:

The '''square root''' of a number ''x'' is the number that, multiplied by itself, results in ''x''. The symbol for the square root of ''x'' is <math>\sqrt{x}</math>.

==Two square roots for each number==
All numbers have two square roots, one positive and the other negative:
:<math>3 \cdot 3 = 9</math> and <math>-3 \cdot -3 = 9</math>
When speaking of "''the'' square root of ''x''", people usually refer to the positive square root. For example:
:<math>\sqrt{9} = 3</math>

All numbers have two square roots, although they don't have to be distinct. For example, the square root of zero has two values: +0 and -0.

Since in many situations only the positive square root has any meaning, to be clear that both square roots are to be considered, in mathematics the convention is to use a sign, pronounced "plus or minus", in front of the square root symbol:
:<math>\pm \sqrt{9} = \pm 3</math>

This has important implications when solving equations, in that, if the square root of both sides is taken, one must be careful to allow for both the positive and negative square root. A well known example is [[completing the square]] to solve a [[quadratic equation]].

==Irrational numbers as square roots of whole numbers==
Some square roots are relatively simple [[whole number]]s, for example, 3 the square root of 9. Others are less amenable to expression, such as the square root of 2 (=1.414...), which has been proven to be an [[irrational number]].

==Square roots of negative numbers==
Negative numbers have square roots that lie outside the [[real number]]s: Multiplying a real number by itself always results in a positive number. The square roots of negative numbers involve what are called [[imaginary number]]s:
:<math>\sqrt{-1} = i</math> which for example leads to <math>\sqrt{-9} = 3i</math>

The statements in [[#Two square roots for each number|"Two square roots for each number"]] also apply to negative numbers.

==Alternate expressions and notations==
Many computer languages and spreadsheet programs use "''sqr(x)''" or "''sqrt(x)''" to describe (or calculate) the square root of ''x''. This is also the common notation used when mathematical symbols are not conveniently available.

The square root of a number can also be denoted as <math>x^{\frac{1}{2}}</math>. This can readily be seen by the rule of adding powers when multiplying:
:<math>x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot x^{\frac{1}{2}} = x^{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}} = x^{1} = x</math>
If superscript is not available, the common way of writing this is '''x^(1/2)'''.

[[category:mathematics]]

Square root

2007-04-24T06:35:25Z

Scriabin:

The '''square root''' of a number ''x'' is the number that, multiplied by itself, results in ''x''. The symbol for the square root of ''x'' is <math>\sqrt{x}</math>.

==Two square roots for each number==
All numbers have two square roots, one positive and the other negative:
:<math>3 \cdot 3 = 9</math> and <math>-3 \cdot -3 = 9</math>
When speaking of "''the'' square root of ''x''", people usually refer to the positive square root. For example:
:<math>\sqrt{9} = 3</math>

All numbers have two square roots, although they don't have to be distinct. For example, the square root of zero has two values: +0 and -0.

Since in many situations only the positive square root has any meaning, to be clear that both square roots are to be considered, in mathematics the convention is to use a sign, pronounced "plus or minus", in front of the square root symbol:
:<math>\pm sqrt{9} = \pm 3</math>

This has important implications when solving equations, in that, if the square root of both sides is taken, one must be careful to allow for both the positive and negative square root. A well known example is [[completing the square]] to solve a [[quadratic equation]].

==Irrational numbers as square roots of whole numbers==
Some square roots are relatively simple [[whole number]]s, for example, 3 the square root of 9. Others are less amenable to expression, such as the square root of 2 (=1.414...), which has been proven to be an [[irrational number]].

==Square roots of negative numbers==
Negative numbers have square roots that lie outside the [[real number]]s: Multiplying a real number by itself always results in a positive number. The square roots of negative numbers involve what are called [[imaginary number]]s:
:<math>\sqrt{-1} = i</math> which for example leads to <math>\sqrt{-9} = 3i</math>

The statements in [[#Two square roots for each number|"Two square roots for each number"]] also apply to negative numbers.

==Alternate expressions and notations==
Many computer languages and spreadsheet programs use "''sqr(x)''" or "''sqrt(x)''" to describe (or calculate) the square root of ''x''. This is also the common notation used when mathematical symbols are not conveniently available.

The square root of a number can also be denoted as <math>x^{\frac{1}{2}}</math>. This can readily be seen by the rule of adding powers when multiplying:
:<math>x^{\frac{1}{2}} \cdot x^{\frac{1}{2}} = x^{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}} = x^{1} = x</math>
If superscript is not available, the common way of writing this is '''x^(1/2)'''.

[[category:mathematics]]

Talk:Square root

2007-04-24T06:08:56Z

Scriabin: /* +/- notation deleted? */

Chord (music)

2007-04-16T16:51:29Z

Scriabin:

A '''chord''' in [[music]] consists of multiple [[musical note|notes]] played simultaneously, though two notes played simultaneously are usually called an interval. The notes used to "build" a chord are usually assigned numbers, starting with "1" to denote the "root" note, which provides the name of the chord. [[flat (music)|Flat]] and [[sharp (music)|sharp]] symbols are used to alter the position in the [[key (music|key]] that given notes are drawn from by. In Western music, chords are based upon the interval of the third, whether major or minor.

There are many types of chords in Western music, including (examples all have C as the root):

*Major chord - consists of three notes with an interval of a major third followed by a minor third: 1-3-5, C-E-G
*Minor chord - the middle note is dropped one half step: 1-♭3-5, C-D#-G
*Power chord or open fifth - the "3" is dropped (common in hard rock): 1-5, C-G
*Seventh chord - adds a fourth note, which depends on the key or sound desired.
**Major seventh chord: 1-3-5-7, C-E-G-B
**Major-minor seventh chord: 1-3-5-♭7, C-E-G-B♭
**Minor seventh chord: 1-♭3-5-♭7, C-E♭-G-B♭
**Half-diminished seventh chord: 1-♭3-♭5-♭7, C-E♭-G♭-B♭
**Fully-diminished seventh chord: 1-♭3-♭5-♭♭7, C-E♭-G♭-B♭♭
*Augmented chord - at its simplest, the fifth is raised a half step: 1-3-#5, C-E-G#
*Diminished chord - the third and fifth are both dropped one half step: 1-♭3-♭5, C-E♭-G♭
*Ninth chord - at its simplest, adds a fifth note: 1-3-5-7-9, C-E-G-B-D

At this point, chords can start to have incredibly complex structures, for instance, the ninth chord described above could be minor, augmented, diminished, have a flat seventh, have missing notes between the root and the ninth, etc.

The use of different kinds of chords (and [[chord progression|chord progressions]]) is very important to the sound and feel of different styles and genres of music.
[[category:music]]

Conservapedia talk:Editing article and talk pages

2007-04-13T05:22:05Z

Scriabin:

==Only for Americans?==

I am a conservative christian, but being a conservative, bible-believing christian does NOT automatically make you an American, and vice versa. One of my only qualms regarding this website is the fact that is biased towards America/ns. I don't think it's fair that any articles that I write can be edited so that they use only American spelling, but I'm not allowed to change spelling anywhere in any entry. Maybe I'm nit-picking a bit here.
Anyway, I just think that this project should be garnered towards christians all over the globe - not just in the US!--[[User:Catherine Morland|Catherine Morland]] 17:58, 19 March 2007 (EDT)

:Conservapedia was started by a group of patriotic Americans, so please forgive any pro american bias. We want spelling to be consistent throughout the site, so we ask that Aamerican spelling be used. you can fix spelling errors anywhere you want, as long as you are not britishizing or otherwise changing american spellings that you might disagree with. --[[User:TimSvendsen|TimSvendsen]] 18:06, 19 March 2007 (EDT)

==Spell-checker==

I don't think ''everyone'' has an in-browser spell-checker. Internet Explorer does not offer it. To my knowledge, it is only equipped to Mozilla Firefox browsers. The same is the case with the Google tool bar. I think we should reword it. I have no suggestion on how to state it, but I'm sure we will come up with something. --[[User:David R|<<-David R->>]] 00:25, 25 March 2007 (EDT)
:it's the ABC/check on the Google toolbar.--[[User:Lohengrin|Lohengrin]] 00:48, 25 March 2007 (EDT)

:Too bad there is not a fact checker too, or maybe a translation from 3rd grade level writing to high school level writing. [[User:Tmtoulouse|Tmtoulouse]] 00:27, 25 March 2007 (EDT)

::That would certainly be helpful. Look into that :). --[[User:David R|<<-David R->>]] 00:32, 25 March 2007 (EDT)
:There are spell checkers for [http://www.iespell.com/ Explorer], [http://www.opera.com/support/tutorials/opera/spellcheck/ Opera], and [http://spellbound.sourceforge.net/ Firefox/Mozilla]. I'm not sure how up-to-date they are (saved those links a good while ago), but it's a start. --[[User:Sid 3050|Sid 3050]] 00:40, 25 March 2007 (EDT)

There is a free spelling checker which is MediaWiki compatible. A friend of mine installed it on another wiki. (Till then, I use TextPad's spellcheck; the only problem with that, is markup like double brackets get flagged as errors.)

Another solution, used successfully in Wikipedia's early days, is to post a list of commonly misspelled words. Then users ([[wiki-gnome]]s) can [[search]] for articles containing the misspelt words. I was part of this spell-check project "back in the day". --[[User:Ed Poor|Ed Poor]] 13:32, 28 March 2007 (EDT)

== Wikis as sources ==

Does this rule also apply to "External Links" (and "Further Reading"), or only to inline references? --[[User:Sid 3050|Sid 3050]] 09:06, 30 March 2007 (EDT)

==''Always'' use AD and BC?==
That reads as if all years are to an era designation. Are we supposed to use AD 2007 when referring to current events? Whenever I sign something...
:[[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith]] 15:06, 30 March 2007 (EDT)
am I expected to go back in and edit it to read
:[[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith]] 15:06, 30 March AD 2007 (EDT)?
I doubt it.

I think this needs some wordsmithing, and propose this substitute language:

:In dates, if it is necessary for clarity to show the era of the year, use the designations BC and AD (not the substitutes BCE and CE).

[[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith]] 15:12, 30 March AD 2007 (EDT)

How is it now? --[[User:CPAdmin1|CPAdmin1]] 15:15, 30 March 2007 (EDT)

:Fine. [[User:Dpbsmith|Dpbsmith]] 15:16, 30 March 2007 (EDT)

== Date format ==

Why do we have the preference for the date style "July 4, 1776", when the wiki software can automatically convert dates to the users' preferences? All it takes is for dates to be written in the form <nowiki>[[4 July]] [[1776]] ''OR'' [[July 4]] [[1776]]</nowiki> and the software ''should'' display them in the user's preferred format. The user preference page[http://www.conservapedia.com/Special:Preferences] Date and Time tab allows one to set the preferred format, but it seems as though the conversion ability has not been switched on in Conservapedia. [[User:Philip J. Rayment|Philip J. Rayment]] 19:33, 31 March 2007 (EDT)
:...no. The preferences don't do that, I think. They change how we see the date and time in pages like [http://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Conservapedia_talk:Manual_of_Style&action=history this article's history]. Go check it out, it works. --[[User:Sid 3050|Sid 3050]] 19:40, 31 March 2007 (EDT)
::Reading further into it, I see what you mean. Hm... --[[User:Sid 3050|Sid 3050]] 19:43, 31 March 2007 (EDT)
:::Ah, after some checking, I assume you mean [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_dates this] config setting (linking it here so the webmaster doesn't have to look)? --[[User:Sid 3050|Sid 3050]] 19:52, 31 March 2007 (EDT)
::::Yes, that's it. Perhaps I was wrong in thinking that the user's date preferences are ''only'' for this, however. [[User:Philip J. Rayment|Philip J. Rayment]] 20:04, 31 March 2007 (EDT)

== Use correct spelling as often as possible. ==

Sweet thought. This protected article seems to be warm and fuzzy about illiteracy.--[[User:Lohengrin|Lohengrin]] 02:21, 4 April 2007 (EDT)

== On plurals in titles ==

There seem to be a large number of articles where the text of the article is in the plural form of the word. [[Arteries]], [[Bills of credit]], [[Biofuels]], [[Catholics]], etc... The wiki software makes it easy to work with singular form [[biofuel]]s is written as <nowiki>[[biofuel]]s</nowiki> (do realize that at the time of this writing, there is no biofuel article). Shouldn't this be rectified and part of the manual of style to write the article about the singular form rather than the plural form? It would simplify many redirects. --[[User:Mtur|Mtur]] 18:19, 5 April 2007 (EDT)

:You mean the ''title'' of the article, but yes, I agree entirely. [[User:Philip J. Rayment|Philip J. Rayment]] 05:25, 6 April 2007 (EDT)

== Capitalisation of titles ==

In line with the comments above about plurals in titles, I believe that we should have titles in lowercase (except for proper nouns, of course). At the moment, if we want to link to an article about biblical parables, we have to include the link as <nowiki>[[Biblical Parables|biblical parables]], where we should be able to just link to [[biblical parables]].</nowiki> [[User:Philip J. Rayment|Philip J. Rayment]] 05:25, 6 April 2007 (EDT)

== What about punctuation? ==

Should we be using "American" punctuation? For example, usually a comma or period goes within quotes in American usage, and outside of quotes in British usage. Albeit, people's grammar in on-line contexts is often deplorable, and Conservapedia is no exception. [[User:Sterile|Sterile]] 14:28, 9 April 2007 (EDT)

*One would suppose either is correct, depending on where the contributor is from. Since we have dropped the restriction about using only American-English, how would enforcing American punctuation work? --~ [[User:TK|TK]] [[User_talk:TK|MyTalk]] 14:32, 9 April 2007 (EDT)

==Article subjects==

I noticed that throughout the website on shorter articles, the subject of the article is not written in bold text upon first mention. I suggest adding this to the Manual of Style as this makes the article slightly easier to understand. [[User:Scriabin|Scriabin]] 01:22, 13 April 2007 (EDT)

Johannes Kepler

2007-04-13T05:19:00Z

Scriabin:

[[Image:Gfdse5y465.jpg|right|thumb]]
Johannes Kepler (1571-1630), a [[Protestant]] in [[Germany]], built on [[Copernicus]]'s work and discovered that planets orbited the sun in elliptical rather than perfectly circular orbits. Kepler was a brilliant mathematician, astronomer and devout [[Christian]] who cited God many times in all of his writings. He felt it was his Christian duty to understand the creation of God, the universe. He also felt that man, being in the image of God, was fully capable of understanding the universe. Like [[Plato]] and [[Pythagoras]], Kepler felt that God must have created the universe according to a mathematical plan.

Kepler overcame an enormous obstacle to become a great scientist, as he suffered from an attack of [[smallpox]] when he was only four years old. The disease left him with poor eyesight and crippled hands for the rest of his life. However, Kepler went on to propose three laws of planetary motion, known as Kepler's Laws, which later helped Newton formulate the theory of [[gravity]]. One of these laws described how the planets have elliptical orbits with the sun at one focus of each [[ellipse]].

Kepler wrote in book five of his work, "The Harmonies of the World,":

"O, Almighty God, I am thinking Thy thoughts after Thee! ... The book is written, to be read either now or by posterity, I care not which. It may be well to wait a century for a reader, as God has waited six thousand years for an observer."

Kepler compared the celestial orbits of the planets with polyphonic
harmonies in music. He wrote:

"Holy Father, keep us safe in the concord of our love for one another, that we may be one just as Thou art with Thy Son, Our Lord, and with the Holy Ghost, and just as through the sweetest bonds of harmonies Thou hast made all Thy works one; and that from the bringing of Thy people into concord, the body of Thy Church may be built up in the Earth, as Thou didst erect the heavens themselves out of harmonies."

[[Category:Astronomers|Kepler, Johannes]]

Subsidy

2007-04-13T05:15:29Z

Scriabin:

A '''subsidy''' is a payment by government to certain businesses to help them survive or to give them a competitive advantage. Sometimes the subsidy can be direct, as in the case of cash payments to farmers, and sometimes it can be indirect, as in the case of building a transcontinental railroad.

Subsidies can also be given out by individuals or non-governmental institutions, but this is more commonly referred to as charity.

Assassination

2007-04-13T05:12:24Z

Scriabin:

'''Assassination''' is the act of murdering a high ranking politician or an otherwise important figure. Assassinations are usually politically motivated, compared with other murders, although many assassins suffered from some sort of mental imbalance. Revenge, monetary gain, and military operations may also be reasons for assassination.

==Famous People Who Were Assassinated==

*[[John F. Kennedy|John F. Kennedy]]
*[[Martin Luther King|Martin Luther King Jr.]]
*[[Robert Kennedy]]
*[[Franz Ferdinand]]
*[[William McKinley]]
*[[Abraham Lincoln]]
*[[Julius Caesar]]
*[[James Garfield]]

==Famous Assassins==
*[[Sirhan Sirhan]]
*[[John Wilkes Boothe]]

Franz Liszt

2007-04-12T02:27:00Z

Scriabin:

[[image:Liszt.jpg|right|320px|thumb|Franz Liszt]]
'''Franz Liszt''' (1811-1886) was a [[Hungary|Hungarian]] composer and pianist who was a profound influence on his contemporaries. Ethan Mordden calls him "one of the most important composers in Western music [even though his own music] is not heard that frequently."<ref>Mordden, Ethan (1980), ''A Guide to Orchestral Music,'' p. 179</ref> Important works by Liszt include: his two piano concertos, his Hungarian Rhapsodies, his piano sonata in B minor, several etudes for piano (including his 12 ''Transcendental Etudes''), and his third symphonic poem, ''Les Preludes.'' The nineteen Hungarian Rhapsodies were written originally from piano; seven of them were later arranged for orchestra. Liszt's Second Hungarian Rhapsody is very familiar and the music is recognized even by people who cannot name the work or the composer.

In 1885 the New York Times wrote that
:it would not perhaps be going too far were he to be described as being the greatest living musician.... Himself the pupil of Beethoven, the father-in-law of Herr von Bülow and Richard Wagner, the preceptor of Rubenstein and Sophie Menter, his is the link between the music of the past and the music of the future.<ref name=atweimar>"Franz Liszt at Weimar," ''The New York Times,'' July 3, 1885, p. 2</ref>

Liszt's career as a pianist coincided with the rise of music played for the public as a commercial enterprise. His performances were fabulously successful, and in the 1840s the word "Lisztomania" was coined to describe the public reaction. The analogies with modern celebrity are strong; Richard Schickel wrote that "before Sinatra at the Paramount there had been, of course, Lisztomania in Europe.<ref>Schickel, Richard (1985) ''Intimate Strangers: The Culture of Celebrity''</ref>. A 1985 movie by [[Ken Russell]] entitled ''Lisztomania'' played on the similarities, with real-life rock star [[Roger Daltrey]] (lead singer of [[The Who]]) playing the role of Liszt.

Liszt was a romantic in two senses. He was an exponent of the musical style known as romanticism. He was also a man about whom it was said that "as long as he lived, women fluttered around him as moths about a candle."

Often referred to during his lifetime as Abbé Liszt, he studied theology in Rome and received a lower order of consecration, but was not a priest.<ref>"Franz Liszt not an Abbe." ''The New York Times,'' July 17, 1885, p. 4: "Of the consecrations, however, he only received the lower order, which formerly were frequently and even now occasionally vouchsafed to lay brethren. He is therefore neither subdeacon nor deacon, and still less a priest, and has neither the rights nor the responsibilities of the members of the higher clergy. He is not bound to wear the clerical garb; still less is he beholden to comply with any of the rules and duties imposed upon the higher clergy."</ref>

==Notes and references==
<references/>

[[Category:Composers]]

Taiwan

2007-04-05T20:24:20Z

Scriabin:

'''Taiwan''' (previously known as '''Formosa''') is an island nation in East Asia and has served as the seat of the [[Republic of China]] (Free China) since 1949. Known for its natural beauty, the country is 245 miles long and 89 miles wide, with a steep central mountain range and plains on the west coast.

==History==
Taiwan was governed by [[Japan]] from 1894 to 1945. Unlike Japan's occupation of other Asian areas, Nipponese presence in Taiwan was largely beneficial {{fact}}. This civilizing effect of Japanese occupation allowed the people of Taiwan to make great social and technological advances. Subsequent to [[World War II]], it was returned to China; in 1949 the Republican government withdrew to Taiwan following the victory of the Communists in the civil war in mainland China.

==Economy==
Taiwan is an important world manufacturer of computer chips and components and consumer electronics.

==Politics==
The Taiwanese people enjoy a free market economy, while the democratically elected government {{fact}} provides freedom of the press {{fact}}, freedom of religion, and universal health care. Nevertheless, the Republic of China has been unsuccessful in its repeated attempts to rejoin the United Nations. During the Cold War, the Republic of China was recognized by most of the world as the sole legitimate government of China {{fact}} and a bastion of freedom against Communist oppression on the mainland. However, the Communist bloc gained enough votes in 1971 to eject Free China from the UN and the Western bloc derecognized Free China en masse. Under the administration of [[Jimmy Carter]], the United States broke relations with Free China and established them with [[People's Republic of China|Communist China]] in 1979. In the United States, both Democrat and Republican administrations have blocked the efforts of the Taiwanese people to seek Taiwan’s entry on the world stage and refuse to use its official name - the Republic of China -- in official contexts.

===Chinese Claim and Counterclaim===
Though Taiwan exhibits all of the characteristics of a sovereign nation, the [[People's Republic of China]] makes a claim to all of Taiwan's territory, and asserts that Taiwan is merely a territory of the Communist China. Meanwhile, the Republic of China, which governs Taiwan, was founded in 1912, predating the Communist regime, and continues to assert its claim to the entirety of mainland China.

[[Category:Islands]]

Taiwan

2007-04-05T20:22:39Z

Scriabin:

Talk:Taiwan

2007-04-05T20:21:57Z

Scriabin:

== Status of Taiwan as a nation and in relation to PRC ==

While Taiwan's status as a nation remains disputed, it surely satisfies the criteria sufficiently to be included in this category. I suspect most people here on Conservapedia regard it as a more legitimate state than the PRC.

I've placed it in <nowiki>[[Category:Asian Countries]]</nowiki> not because I hold strong opinions about its status, but purely because it seems sensible to include it here.

But I'd welcome an expanded discussion of Taiwan's status vis-a-vis the PRC within the page. --[[User:Jeremiah4-22|Jeremiah4-22]] 16:13, 5 April 2007 (EDT)

:Since "Taiwan's status as a nation remains disputed", I would assume it does not qualify for this category. If anything, the other article on the [[Republic of China]] should fall under this category, and not Taiwan. [[User:Scriabin|Scriabin]] 16:21, 5 April 2007 (EDT)

Taiwan

2007-04-05T14:47:24Z

Scriabin:

'''Taiwan''' (previously known as '''Formosa''') is an island nation in East Asia and has served as the seat of the [[Republic of China]] (Free China) since 1949. Known for its natural beauty, the country is 245 miles long and 89 miles wide, with a steep central mountain range and plains on the west coast.

==History==
Taiwan was governed by [[Japan]] from 1894 to 1945. Unlike Japan's occupation of other Asian areas, Nipponese presence in Taiwan was largely beneficial {{fact}}. This civilizing effect of Japanese occupation allowed the people of Taiwan to make great social and technological advances.

==Politics==
The Taiwanese people enjoy a free market economy, while the democratically elected government {{fact}} provides freedom of the press {{fact}}, freedom of religion, and universal health care. Nevertheless, the Republic of China has been unsuccessful in its repeated attempts to rejoin the United Nations. During the Cold War, the Republic of China was recognized by most of the world as the sole legitimate government of China {{fact}} and a bastion of freedom against Communist oppression on the mainland. However, the Communist bloc gained enough votes in 1971 to eject Free China from the UN and the Western bloc derecognized Free China en masse. Under the administration of [[Jimmy Carter]], the United States broke relations with Free China and established them with [[People's Republic of China|Communist China]] in 1979. In the United States, both Democrat and Republican administrations have blocked the efforts of the Taiwanese people to seek Taiwan’s entry on the world stage and refuse to use its official name - the Republic of China -- in official contexts.

==Economy==
Taiwan is an important world manufacturer of computer chips and components and consumer electronics.

==Chinese Claim==
Though Taiwan posesses all of the characteristics of a sovereign nation, the [[People's Republic of China]] makes a claim to all of Taiwan's territory, and asserts that Taiwan is merely a territory of the Communist China. In fact, the Republic of China, which governs Taiwan, was founded in 1912 and predates the Communist regime, and Taiwan continues to assert its claim to the entirety of mainland China. It was in 1949 when the Communists, funded by Soviet Russia, succeeded in rebellion that the Nationalists retreated to Taiwan,.

[[Category:Islands]]

Nicolaus Copernicus

2007-04-01T02:02:53Z

Scriabin: clarification of the merits of Copernican theory

[[Image:Nicholas_copernicus.gif|thumb|right|150px|Nicholas Copernicus]]

A remarkable Polish scientist named '''Nicolaus Copernicus''' (1473-1543) made a stunning claim that rocked the religious and scientific world: he asserted that the earth revolved around the sun, not the sun around the earth. "Finally we shall place the Sun himself at the center of the Universe. All this is suggested by the systematic procession of events and the harmony of the whole Universe, if only we face the facts, as they say, 'with both eyes open.'"

Copernicus worked for years on his book describing his theory, and published it near the very end of his life. He entitled it, "De revolutionibus orbium coelestium" ("On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres"), and published it in 1543. The major parts of Copernican theory are:
# Heavenly motions are uniform, eternal, and circular or compounded of several circles (epicycles).
# The center of the universe is near the Sun.
# Around the Sun, in order, are Mercury, Venus, Earth and Moon, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, and the fixed stars.
# The Earth has three motions: daily rotation, annual revolution, and annual tilting of its axis.
# Retrograde motion of the planets is explained by the Earth's motion.
# The distance from the Earth to the sun is small compared to the distance to the stars.

The reception to his work was initially positive within the Catholic Church (contrary to popular belief, [[Galileo]] was not persecuted for supporting the Copernican theory, but because he was disrespectful to the [[Pope]]). However, the reaction was negative among Protestants who felt it conflicted with some literal interpretations of the Bible, such as the account of how Joshua benefited from the sun standing still as it passed over the earth. "And the sun stood still, and the moon stayed, until the people had avenged themselves upon their enemies. Is not this written in the book of Jasher? So the sun stood still in the midst of heaven, and hasted not to go down about a whole day." Joshua 10:13. But there were few Protestants in Poland then (or now), and Copernicus died without much controversy.

[[Image:Copernicus_system.gif|thumb|right|300px|The Copernican System]]

== Copernican Revolution ==
Copernicus's book title used the word "revolution" in the sense of planets revolving around the Sun, not in the sense of an intellectual revolt. In the late 20th century, the term Copernican Revolution has come to mean the prototypical [[paradigm shift]], where scientists suddenly became enlightened by rejecting the prejudices of their predecessors.

In fact the Copernican theory was no more accurate than the Ptolemaic model. It had no compelling physical arguments for its superiority, and it proposed no experiments for testing its novel features. In some respects, it was actually less accurate, as more epicycles had to be added (in place of Ptolemy's [[equant]]). Copernicus' main argument in favor of his theory was that it was aesthetically more pleasing as it allowed the planets to move in uniform circular motion, an idea later proven false by Kepler. Many of the ancient Greek arguments for and against [[heliocentrism]] remained unresolved for some time. <ref>Ancient Greeks objected to Aristarchus's heliocentrim because (1) we don't feel the Earth's motion, (2) unattached objects don't fly off, and (3) no annual stellar parallax. [http://physics.gmu.edu/~jevans/astr103/CourseNotes/history_greekGeocentricHeliocentric.html] Stellar parallax was not measured until 1838, while (1) and (2) were resolved by the work of [[Isaac Newton]].</ref>

== Copernican Principle ==
The Copernican Principle says that Man has no special place in the universe. According to some, this principle has an almost Biblical significance. For example, Encyclopedia Britannica says:

:''The implications of Copernicus' work can not be exaggerated. His views challenged the literal interpretation of Scripture, the philosophical and metaphysical foundations of moral theory, and even common sense itself. The result was a massive opposition to his reported ideas. It was the slow, sure acceptance of the heliocentric theory by natural philosophers that ultimately quieted the general clamor, however the name of Copernicus is still a battle cry against the establishment in religion, philosophy and science. In later years with Freud, man lost his Godlike mind; with Darwin his exalted place among the creatures of the Earth; with Copernicus man had lost his privileged position in the Universe.''<ref>http://abyss.uoregon.edu/~js/glossary/copernican_principle.html</ref>

All of this would have been unrecognizable to Copernicus. His model was readily accepted to the extent that it agreed with observation, and abandoned when better models came along later. He didn't challenge any moral theory, and he got Catholic Church approval for his book. Not everyone views the history of science as the story of how Man became insignificant.

== Notes ==
<references/>

[[Category:Scientists|Copernicus, Nicolaus]]

Hypatia of Alexandria

2007-03-31T18:07:10Z

Scriabin:

'''Hypatia of Alexandria''' was a philosopher, mathematician, and astronomer living in the city of Alexandria from 370 A.D to 415 A.D. She is credited with the invention of the astrolabe and the hydrometer, as well as with having written several treatises on conic sections and on the works of the geometer and astronomer Ptolemy.

During this time in the history of [[Alexandria]], the forces of the Church had entered the city under the command of the Emperor [[Theodosius I]] to destroy all non-Christian worship. It was one of these mobs that set upon Hypatia of Alexandria at the behest of Cyril of Alexandria. They stripped her of her clothing and bludgeoned her with clay pots, and then dragged her through the streets to one of the temples, where they used the shards of the broken pottery to flay her alive. A fire was built and her twitching dismembered limbs were thrown in..

[[John of Nikiu]] related later that "all the people surrounded the patriarch Cyril and named him 'the new Theophilus'; for he had destroyed the last remains of idolatry in the city". {{Fact}} It was for this act of purification that Cyril of Alexandria was later appointed to the position of [[Doctor of the Church]] and [[canonized]] as St. Cyril of Alexandria.

[[Category:Biographies]]

Solar system

2007-03-31T18:01:39Z

Scriabin:

The [[solar system]] consists of the [[Sun]], the eight [[planet]]s revolving around it, smaller objects revolving around the planets, and other bodies which orbit the Sun.

==Major features==

In order of nearness to the Sun:

#[[Mercury]]
#[[Venus]]
#[[Earth]]
#[[Mars]]
#[[Asteroid belt]]
#[[Jupiter]]
#[[Saturn]]
#[[Uranus]]
#[[Neptune]]

See also:
*[[Pluto]] (formerly classified as a planet)
*[[Comet]]s
*[[Asteroid]]s
*[[Meteoroid]]s

[[Category:Astronomy]]

Quebec

2007-03-31T18:00:00Z

Scriabin:

Le '''Québec''' est le deuxième plus grand province du [[Canada]] apres l'Ontario. La plus grande ville de la province est Montréal, et la capitale de Québec est la ville de Québec (connu comme "Quebec City" en anglais.)

L'économie québecois est bassé dans l'exportation de reources naturelles et dans la domaine de l'haute technologie.

La langue officiel de Québec est le français, mais il y a beaucoup de differents regroupments linguistiques et ethniques qui font parti de la population, surtout dans la métropole montréalaise.

User talk:MountainDew

2007-03-30T22:57:24Z

Scriabin: /* Question */

Archive: [[User talk:MountainDewarchive1]]

== [[User:Conservator]] ==

I can't tell what he's doing. He seems to be adding extra-huge amounts of content to articles, but every time I try and go there, it errors out. Just fyi. --[[User:Ymmotrojam|Ymmotrojam]] 16:14, 18 March 2007 (EDT)

== Anarchocapitalism ==

The user created a redirect to that page at Free Market, and it looked like a crank article.[[User:Geo.plrd|Geo.]] 02:54, 20 March 2007 (EDT)
:Sorry for any time that I wasted. [[User:Geo.plrd|Geo.]] 02:58, 20 March 2007 (EDT)

==[[God]]==
I unlocked [[God]] to registered users since around 8 days have passed since it was locked. Probably a good idea to keep an eye on it, so I thought I'd let you know. [[User:ColinR|ColinR]][[User_talk:ColinR|talk]] 18:36, 20 March 2007 (EDT)

==[[User:Conservative]]==
The debate over [[User:Conservative]] is going on at [[Talk:dinosaur]], and the section above the one you just created at [[User Talk:Aschlafly]]. I must agree, it is somewhat disturbing that the notion "Conservative's worldview is the ONLY worldview" has gained acceptance. --[[User:Hojimachong|'''Hojimachong''']][[User_Talk:Hojimachong|talk]] 18:37, 20 March 2007 (EDT)

== New User ==
The New User log has been installed. You can see new account creations now. Thanks for the tip! [[User:Conservapedia Webmaster|Conservapedia Webmaster]] 09:28, 21 March 2007 (EDT)

===Judaism==

You have to revert that page to an older version, ASAP. There is slander in there I think you missed - like saying that the real Jews are white Europeans and that Jews descended from Satan.--[[User:Dave3172|Dave3172]] 12:46, 21 March 2007 (EDT)

== Judaism -- the version you have protected is the wrong one ==

Hi MountainDew -- a note to let you know that the version of [[Judaism]] which you protected is an innacurate one, filled to rants by someone who subscribes to the widely discredited [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Identity Christian Identity] school of racist thinking which goes so far as to reject the notion that the Jews of today even *are* Jews, and says they are descended from Satan. Please revert to an earlier accurate version if you are going to protect this entry!

[[User:Boethius|Boethius]] 12:46, 21 March 2007 (EDT)

==User names==

Thanks for that block. If I were an admin, I'd have done the same. Keep up the good work! :-) --[[User:Ed Poor|Ed Poor]] 14:48, 21 March 2007 (EDT)

== CP:AID ==

Hello, You recently expressed your opinion at [[CP:AID]]. After voting, it has become obvious that the first article to improve is [[Germany]] and any related articles. Details will be posted soon at [[CP:AID]], check there tomorrow for details. Thanks! --[[User:Hojimachong|'''Hojimachong''']][[User_Talk:Hojimachong|talk]] 15:36, 21 March 2007 (EDT)

== Unlock ==

Now that the rash of vandalism seems to have passed, could you unlock my user page? I need to make some edits. Thanks. [[User:Palmd001|Palmd001]] 21:04, 21 March 2007 (EDT)

:Thanks, feel free to delete this little thread. [[User:Palmd001|Palmd001]] 21:06, 21 March 2007 (EDT)
==Spoon==
why did you block him?? All he did was quote the Bible. If you don't think it belongs where it was put, delete it, but don't block the editor. --[[User:TimSvendsen|TimSvendsen]] 22:04, 21 March 2007 (EDT)

He was only posting verses that post the Bible in a bad light. I will unblock him, though. [[User:MountainDew|MountainDew]] 22:04, 21 March 2007 (EDT)

User Ilikebigbibles should be blocked. Are you going to be up a while? If not, then I'm inclined to block him now.--[[User:Aschlafly|Aschlafly]] 02:36, 22 March 2007 (EDT)

:Thanks much. He's from Australia (near Sydney) based on his IP, and his edits and name highly suggest the need to block. Unless you see a reason not to, I'd recommend blocking before you sign off. Thanks much!--[[User:Aschlafly|Aschlafly]] 02:40, 22 March 2007 (EDT)

==Alien==
Please explain your justification for deletion of the content i added to [[Alien]]. [[User:Ilikebigbibles|Ilikebigbibles]] 02:43, 22 March 2007 (EDT)

== confused ==

Tsumetai said to ask someone on the list and you had a cool name, so I'm asking you. What did i do that was vandalism? and what am I a not good parody at? I thought we were supposed to add true things here, not like at Wikipedia were you have to have npov and liberal bias. [[User:Gabriel|Gabriel]] 13:33, 22 March 2007 (EDT)

== Dispute Resolution Process ==

Erm, not sure if you meant to, but you overwrote my edit [http://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=User_talk%3AAschlafly&diff=58850&oldid=58846 here]. --[[User:Hojimachong|'''Hojimachong''']][[User_Talk:Hojimachong|talk]] 22:43, 22 March 2007 (EDT)

:OK, thanks for the quick response. I was getting worried for a minute. --[[User:Hojimachong|'''Hojimachong''']][[User_Talk:Hojimachong|talk]] 22:48, 22 March 2007 (EDT)

== Thanks for the quick block ==

Wow, you were really quick on that last block! Thanks!--[[User:Aschlafly|Aschlafly]] 00:07, 23 March 2007 (EDT)

Gah, you're way too quick with these obscenity-laden usernames! Hopefully this message will distract you long enough for me to nab one. Mwuahahahaha! --[[User:Hojimachong|'''Hojimachong''']][[User_Talk:Hojimachong|talk]] 00:09, 23 March 2007 (EDT)

== Sockpuppet/Troll Stalker! ==

I know you are the same person as that hoji...you ain't fooling anyone, pinko liberal godless soul!

*Sorry, Dan...I apologize. I thought you would realize the humor, the joke, being since you were posting on hoji's page too. --~ [[User:TK|TerryK]] [[User_talk:TK|Talk2Me!]] 03:17, 23 March 2007 (EDT)

==Blocked user==

I just got an e-mail from AmesG that he was blocked by conservative, he wanted me to ask another admin to look into it. I am not sure the surroundings but there is a decent chance it was pre-mature. [[User:Tmtoulouse|Tmtoulouse]] 17:13, 23 March 2007 (EDT)

: Thank you all again!!!-[[User:AmesG|AmesG]] 17:21, 23 March 2007 (EDT)
::Poor AmesG. You're like the red-headed stepchild of the family. :-p [[User:ColinR|ColinR]][[User_talk:ColinR|talk]] 17:27, 23 March 2007 (EDT)
:::Like the gingers from South Park! --[[User:Hojimachong|'''Hojimachong''']][[User_Talk:Hojimachong|talk]] 18:41, 23 March 2007 (EDT)
*ROFL! Cheer up....I haven't banned you yet! :p --~ [[User:TK|TerryK]] [[User_talk:TK|Talk2Me!]] 18:37, 23 March 2007 (EDT)

: I totally am. But getting banned by Conservative is good for the soul.-[[User:AmesG|AmesG]] 18:39, 23 March 2007 (EDT)

::Bans need not be permanent. Does a user block here also stop the user from posting on their own user talk page? --[[User:Ed Poor|Ed Poor]] 19:27, 23 March 2007 (EDT)

*If one is banned, they cannot sign into the site. They could, I guess, post as someone else on their banned page. Perhaps the Webmaster needs to remove the pages of banned users... --~ [[User:TK|TerryK]] [[User_talk:TK|Talk2Me!]] 20:12, 23 March 2007 (EDT)

== Please Stop Removing Page Protection ==

It is ''especially rude'' for you to unprotect pages, without consultation with the Sysop who locked it. Is there some explanation for doing it, other than just your idea you know better? --~ [[User:TK|TerryK]] [[User_talk:TK|Talk2Me!]] 01:32, 24 March 2007 (EDT)

== BillOReillyFan ==

I'm not sure if this has surfaced in the discussion over [[User:BillOReillyFan]] yet, but [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk%3AConservapedia&diff=117389986&oldid=117378784 this edit] to Wikipedia by somebody who seems to be BillOReillyFan is quite incriminating. --[[User:Hojimachong|'''Hojimachong''']][[User_Talk:Hojimachong|talk]] 03:01, 24 March 2007 (EDT)

:Can't we call him something else, some cool code name? BillOReillyFan...meh....[[User:Tmtoulouse|Tmtoulouse]] 03:04, 24 March 2007 (EDT)

::I just say BORF. [[User:MountainDew|MountainDew]] 03:05, 24 March 2007 (EDT)

:::Ha! Thats perfect actually. You are on a roll tonight! [[User:Tmtoulouse|Tmtoulouse]] 03:06, 24 March 2007 (EDT)

:::Conservapedia Threat number zero-five-two-nine, abberviated at CON-T0529. --[[User:Hojimachong|'''Hojimachong''']][[User_Talk:Hojimachong|talk]] 03:05, 24 March 2007 (EDT)

::::Have fun BORF hunting, I will see you tommorrow! [[User:Tmtoulouse|Tmtoulouse]] 03:15, 24 March 2007 (EDT)

I think [[User:Pacman]] might be a BORF. Lots of good edits (esp. in knowledgeable areas) and then complete silliness. Anyway, he's blocked for a day now. I guess we'll see. [[User:ColinR|ColinR]][[User_talk:ColinR|talk]] 04:41, 24 March 2007 (EDT)

:If nothing else, he likes the nickname you gave him. [[User:Myk|Myk]] 04:42, 24 March 2007 (EDT)

==Unblock==
Thanks for the unblock, MountainDew. I had no idea how sneaky people were, what with the edits by "BORF". Thanks for redeeming me. [[User:Vossy|Vossy]] 03:52, 24 March 2007 (EDT)

== Scientology ==

Can you provide some justification for your edits on Scientology? I was fixing a rather overzealous edit by a user called Terryeo.

: I am he. Since the discussion seems to go on at [[User_talk:Pacman#Revert|Pacman's Page]], I replied to him there. The data Pacman is introducing is already in the article. It is in the [[Scientology#Controversy|Contoversy Section]] of the article and has been there for some time. Tmloulouse introduced the data on 19 March at this [http://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Scientology&oldid=47501 editing difference]. He and I worked out a compromise wording that we could both live with, but he introduced the idea and documented it pretty throughly. Pacman seems to want the data taken out of controversy and put into basic beliefs, which would be incorrect. That's why he and I are working that out. [[User:Terryeo|Terryeo]] 13:10, 24 March 2007 (EDT)

== Hitler, whatever... ==

Were you able to block him with no problems? Every time I tried to, it said no user of that name existed. [[User:ColinR|ColinR]][[User_talk:ColinR|talk]] 14:56, 24 March 2007 (EDT)

:Same problem here :( [[User:Niandra|niandra]] 14:57, 24 March 2007 (EDT)

::I had to remove the underscores from his name and type the plus sign in myself. It took me several tries. [[User:MountainDew|MountainDew]] 14:57, 24 March 2007 (EDT)

Why the heck ins't his IP blocked? [[Special:Checkuser]] says the same IP has been used by all of the "hitler" vandals. I'm confused. --[[User:Hojimachong|'''Hojimachong''']][[User_Talk:Hojimachong|talk]] 15:12, 24 March 2007 (EDT)

:I'm not sure. I suspect that the names are being created by somebody who has an established account here already; I'm going to go run some checkuser inquiries. --[[User:Hojimachong|'''Hojimachong''']][[User_Talk:Hojimachong|talk]] 15:22, 24 March 2007 (EDT)

See what you may glean from the users [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:195.93.21.97 talk page on Wikipedia]. Evidently, it's an AOL Proxy, and I will try to block this IP. --[[User:Hojimachong|'''Hojimachong''']][[User_Talk:Hojimachong|talk]] 15:38, 24 March 2007 (EDT)

== Aschlafly's talk page ==

Hop over to Aschlafly's [[User Talk:Aschlafly|talk page]] and tell me what you think of the banner at the top, I spent some time trying to get it presentable... --[[User:Hojimachong|'''Hojimachong''']][[User_Talk:Hojimachong|talk]] 02:00, 25 March 2007 (EDT)

== Ashens ==

I'll block him if he continues. Fred Phelps is a phsyco, and it's our job to paint him as such! I like your request to him, by the way... I'll go CheckUser him. --[[User:Hojimachong|'''Hojimachong''']][[User_Talk:Hojimachong|talk]] 02:36, 25 March 2007 (EDT)

:He says he's going to "report us for hounding him". Shall I just block him now, and delete all traces of his existence? Yes? That sounds like an excellent idea! --[[User:Hojimachong|'''Hojimachong''']][[User_Talk:Hojimachong|talk]] 03:15, 25 March 2007 (EDT)

::We should give him one warning for name calling first. Whether he's broken any rules seems borderline, even though he's here to cause trouble. [[User:MountainDew|MountainDew]] 03:16, 25 March 2007 (EDT)

*This is what I mean. Do either of you understand what other Sysops think when reading these kind of posts? --~ [[User:TK|TerryK]] [[User_talk:TK|MyTalk]] 03:43, 25 March 2007 (EDT)

:::The whole communication thing, right? [[User:MountainDew|MountainDew]] 03:45, 25 March 2007 (EDT)

*In order for a page to be on a sysops watch list, one has to enable watch manually, or have auto watch enabled so, if a sysop hasnt posted on your page, mine, or hoji's, they dont know the convo is happening = exclusionary. I have had other Sysops express the same frustration. We just can's assume they will see the topic on their watch lists. --~ [[User:TK|TerryK]] [[User_talk:TK|MyTalk]] 03:57, 25 March 2007 (EDT)

==Recent Blocks==

I'm confused about some of these. Kiowa and Tmtoulouse mainly. I know there's probably good reasons, but I never saw anything against the rules in any of their entries that I saw.[[User:NSmyth|Nsmyth]] 04:03, 25 March 2007 (EDT)

*Most of it was on Andrews page. I wasn't a party to, nor do I agree that Tmtoulouse should have been blocked, and until I saw your post, didn't know he had been....yet. His feelings were hurt, and he lashed out. That isn't the way to handle such things. --~ [[User:TK|TerryK]] [[User_talk:TK|MyTalk]] 04:08, 25 March 2007 (EDT)
:He did actually suggest being blocked. That said, I do disagree with the blocking, but it's not my call. [[User:ColinR|ColinR]][[User_talk:ColinR|talk]] 04:09, 25 March 2007 (EDT)

*If he asks for a second chance (he has my IM), I wouldn't oppose giving it to him. [[User:MountainDew|MountainDew]] 04:12, 25 March 2007 (EDT)

:Kiowa was placed on a short block for subtle vandalism of Americium and a couple of other articles

==Stub2 Deleted==

The webmaster deleted the stub2 template and now we have a ton of pages siting around with a broken template. I have been fixing them, but I'm tired and need sleep, could you help when you log on. All the pages with broken links can be found here: http://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Special:Whatlinkshere&target=Template:Stub2
:(Issue has been fixed via Template Redirect.) --[[User:Sid 3050|Sid 3050]] 08:38, 25 March 2007 (EDT)
*I appreciate you letting me know about the problem, sid....I sent email to webmaster, didnt get an answer, but main thing its fixed. --~ [[User:TK|TerryK]] [[User_talk:TK|MyTalk]] 08:58, 25 March 2007 (EDT)
**Main praise goes to Elamdri for actually spotting it. (The initial alert didn't come from me, it's an unsigned entry by Elamdri.) --[[User:Sid 3050|Sid 3050]] 09:01, 25 March 2007 (EDT)
*That was sarcasm. None of these guys answer their email, so I don't know why I bothered. And of course, you messaged that the problem was being worked on, but not to me. ;-) --~ [[User:TK|TerryK]] [[User_talk:TK|MyTalk]] 09:03, 25 March 2007 (EDT)
**I tracked down the people Elamdri alerted and left the "No worries, it's been fixed" notes underneath Elamdri's posts to avoid the alerted people from going all "OH NOES!". Not much use to leave a message on ALL sysops' pages going all "There was some problem, but it's not there anymore, so this message is fairly pointless.". ;) If you check Elamdri's contributions, you'll notice that only a few people have been alerted.
**Besides, you showed that you keep your eyes open by checking other User Talk pages. That definitely speaks for you. :) --[[User:Sid 3050|Sid 3050]] 09:10, 25 March 2007 (EDT)
*No worries, I'm on a tear about communication...I should have it worked out of my system by this evening, lol. :p --~ [[User:TK|TerryK]] [[User_talk:TK|MyTalk]] 09:50, 25 March 2007 (EDT)

== McCain v. Reagan ==

Hey MD- Just a heads up.

*Ronald Reagan, born 2/6/11, took office 1/20/81. 69 years 11.5 mos.
*John McCain, born 8/29/36, would take office ~1/15/2009. 72 years 3.5 mos.

I've had to fix that a couple of times and mentioned it on the talk page. Jus ta heads up. (Personally, I think the entire section about "electability" has got to go but someone disagrees with me. [[User:Myk|Myk]] 11:31, 25 March 2007 (EDT)

== Eric ==

No, just a friend of his. You must admit, however, that he has his fair share of Google hits (and an interesting biography that you can read here [http://bio50.wikispaces.com/Lord+Eric+Mukherjee%2C+Grand+Guru+of+Science].

Anyway, he wouldn't be enough of a loser to put his own name on somebody's wiki. [[User:ColemanFrancis|ColemanFrancis]] 15:16, 25 March 2007 (EDT)

==Civil War, et al==
It used to be a stub...now it's filling out. Slowly, but it's filling out. The subheadings that are there already (before 1861) are going to be filled with detail before I add the rest. What do you think so far? [[User:Karajou|Karajou]] 17:25, 25 March 2007 (EDT)

==DDT ban==

Hi, don't know if we met yet. I've only been here a week. Thanks for your edit to [[Rachel Carson]]. --[[User:Ed Poor|Ed Poor]] 17:44, 26 March 2007 (EDT)

==Picture==
it seems the name of the picture can only be 4-5 characters long and can only contain alphabetical letters.[[User:Jaques|Jaques]] 03:14, 27 March 2007 (EDT)

==Conservative==

I'd consider it a badge of honor to be on your list of conservatives.

==Nice chat with...==
I had a nice chat with a certain someone, and I pointed out that the problem was not only with Richard, but with those people here who gave him a pat on the back for what I saw was an attempted destruction of Conservapedia. Should they get booted? [[User:Karajou|Karajou]] 22:10, 27 March 2007 (EDT)

:I'm not sure. On the one hand, I think we should keep all the troublemakers who have no intention of positive contributions out On the other, some of these people have made contributions, and I don't want us to get accused of ideological banning any more than we already have on blogs. [[User:MountainDew|MountainDew]] 22:12, 27 March 2007 (EDT)

You have raised a very valid point, Karajou. If one's actions are disingenius, like Richard's, lacking honor, yes, they should be booted as well. The rub is in the proof. I posted for several days about his actions, and yet no one in authority acknowledged what I was saying. I emailed a certain someone about his actions, never received a response. :S --~ [[User:TK|TerryK]] [[User_talk:TK|MyTalk]] 22:15, 27 March 2007 (EDT)

There are a couple people here who have approved of what Richard had attempted to do, and they enjoyed it. I'm for removal for at least six months. What say you? [[User:Karajou|Karajou]] 22:18, 27 March 2007 (EDT)

:About the SYSOP status I just sent Andy a letter reminding him that Richard is still on it. [[User:Karajou|Karajou]] 22:26, 27 March 2007 (EDT)

Karajou, are you referring to what people have said in the "Vote: Keep Richard?" page? [[User:MountainDew|MountainDew]] 22:28, 27 March 2007 (EDT)

*He's (Andy) been posting, within the last hour on the board, he is aware. And what is the vote page? --~ [[User:TK|TerryK]] [[User_talk:TK|MyTalk]] 22:29, 27 March 2007 (EDT)

It's not a vote page, I referred to it wrong. I mean the discussion on Andy's talk page that AmesG branched off to this page: http://www.conservapedia.com/Conservapedia:Keep_Richard_Around%3F [[User:MountainDew|MountainDew]] 22:30, 27 March 2007 (EDT)

:Picture someone who's just desperate to force a rules change to an article, like the evolution article, and then picture him as being gleeful when someone else comes along and does something to destroy Conservapedia's reputation. That kind of individual. [[User:Karajou|Karajou]] 22:44, 27 March 2007 (EDT)

:Richard is gone from the SYSOP list at this time. [[User:Karajou|Karajou]] 22:47, 27 March 2007 (EDT)

You both have AIM, perhaps that would be easier, although I did message Karajou before, and she never responded...... --~ [[User:TK|TerryK]] [[User_talk:TK|MyTalk]] 22:49, 27 March 2007 (EDT)

:::Sorry for the lack of response, TK; I thought it was a one-liner. And who's a she? [[User:Karajou|Karajou]] 23:02, 27 March 2007 (EDT)

::I'm just not sure, to be honest, if somebody doesn't actually do anything malicious with editing (or publicly exposing the site as Richard did). I think that really sets us up for accusations of ideological bias. They must certainly never be considered for sysop status. That being said, I'd think those users should be warned and receive an infinite ban upon any infraction. Ultimately, it's up to you/Andy.

Also, thank you for checking with Andy on the SYSOP list.
[[User:MountainDew|MountainDew]] 22:50, 27 March 2007 (EDT)

*I messaged you on both Yahoo and AIM the other day, love. Maybe you had finished posting, and left. --~ [[User:TK|TerryK]] [[User_talk:TK|MyTalk]] 23:03, 27 March 2007 (EDT)

It's interesting how tweaked you all are over what Richard did and none of you are even the least bit concerned that he exposed the single biggest flaw on Conservapedia - the willingness to overlook problems if someone professes to be a conservative. Anyone could have read what he wrote and realized he was goofing. But since he said all the right things, he was SysOped. If you worried more about that and less about the fact that some of us found it funny, this site would be the better for it.--[[User:Dave3172|Dave3172]] 23:13, 27 March 2007 (EDT)

: I also ask you how American it is to ban people who stand up for people who did something wrong. The poor Federal Defender's office... someone should tell them.-'''AmesG'''[http://www.conservapedia.com/User_talk:AmesG yo!] 23:16, 27 March 2007 (EDT)

Ames, how can you overlook my huge war with "Conservative"? --~ [[User:TK|TerryK]] [[User_talk:TK|MyTalk]] 23:19, 27 March 2007 (EDT)

: Sorry, I do appreciate that. It's just that I'm defensive because it sounds like you are trying to get me banned for standing up for Richard. Tell me I'm mistaken?-'''AmesG'''[http://www.conservapedia.com/User_talk:AmesG yo!] 23:21, 27 March 2007 (EDT)

::I didn't think that you were one of the people referred to, Ames. I wouldn't support banning you, in any event. [[User:MountainDew|MountainDew]] 23:24, 27 March 2007 (EDT)

Here is the deal with me: I don't try, I do. If I thought that way, you would be gone already. I don't sneak or pussyfoot around, as you can tell from my public messages even to Andrew. ;-) --~ [[User:TK|TerryK]] [[User_talk:TK|MyTalk]] 23:35, 27 March 2007 (EDT)

::Well, I'm comforted by that, thanks. I think my contributions are valuable, even (especially) the controversial ones, so I appreciate it. I also hope you won't ban my friends, like Dave3172. And MountainDew, I knew you wouldn't, thanks :-). If the tables were turned (which they won't be - Andy'd die before seeing me as a sysop) I'd be behind you 100%.-'''AmesG'''[http://www.conservapedia.com/User_talk:AmesG yo!] 23:37, 27 March 2007 (EDT)

Well Dew certainly has you fooled! While chatting with him, he was quoting scripture to me, giving reasons you were Satan! LMAO! --~ [[User:TK|TerryK]] [[User_talk:TK|MyTalk]] 23:39, 27 March 2007 (EDT)

:"He who voteth toward the left shalt not edit Conservapedia?" [[User:MountainDew|MountainDew]] 23:40, 27 March 2007 (EDT)

::I've seen that passage - it's in Hypocrafly, Book I, verses 9-27. But I've been called Satan a lot, actually. I only expect it to go up after I pass the bar. "New Republic" got hold of one of my editorials for the Rice newspaper and called me a bunch of names. My girlfriend & I laughed for days. -'''AmesG'''[http://www.conservapedia.com/User_talk:AmesG yo!] 23:43, 27 March 2007 (EDT)

"He whoeth maketh fun of Dew lies with Satan" I beleive was your passage.... :p --~ [[User:TK|TerryK]] [[User_talk:TK|MyTalk]] 23:45, 27 March 2007 (EDT)

::LOL! If I've ever made fun of you, MountainDew, you have my deepest apologies! But I seriously doubt I have!-'''AmesG'''[http://www.conservapedia.com/User_talk:AmesG yo!] 23:46, 27 March 2007 (EDT)

:::You haven't, but the commenters on the blog my userpage links to have. [[User:MountainDew|MountainDew]] 23:47, 27 March 2007 (EDT)

::::Good times. Back to ConLaw, I've spent too much time here today.-'''AmesG'''[http://www.conservapedia.com/User_talk:AmesG yo!] 23:49, 27 March 2007 (EDT)

== Answer ==

This is not so easy to answer as I suggested, but I will give you some key points to help you understand. The Bible is my rock on this Earth, so I take everything in it very seriously, and I also take very seriously when people try to put things in it that aren't there. I think all Biblical literalists should be Conservative Democrats for the following two main reasons:

1. Democrats are compassionate and moral people when it comes to those who are less fortunate. Republicans do not believe it is worth giving these people anything. This is a valid point of view, but distinctly counter to the Bible's teaching. To cite a few of my favorite passages:

And thou shalt not glean thy vineyard, neither shalt thou gather every grape of thy vineyard; thou shalt leave them for the poor and stranger: I am the LORD your God. (Leviticus 19:10)

And when ye reap the harvest of your land, thou shalt not make clean riddance of the corners of thy field when thou reapest, neither shalt thou gather any gleaning of thy harvest: thou shalt leave them unto the poor, and to the stranger: I am the LORD your God. (Leviticus 23:22)

And if thy brother be waxen poor, and fallen in decay with thee; then thou shalt relieve him: yea, though he be a stranger, or a sojourner; that he may live with thee. Take thou no usury of him, or increase: but fear thy God; that thy brother may live with thee. (Leviticus 25:35-36)

I was just reading Leviticus, so these are still fresh in my mind. I will spare you the dozens more I can think of, but simply give you one of my favorites of Jesus' sermons, found in Matthew 25:

"When I, the Messiah, shall come in glory, and all the angels with me, then I shall sit upon my throne of glory. And all the nations shall be gathered before me. And I will separate the people as a shepherd separates the sheep from the goats, and place the sheep at my right hand, and the goats at my left. Then I, the King, shall say to those at my right, "Come, blessed of my Father, into the Kingdom prepared for you from the founding of the world. For I was hungry and you fed me; I was thirsty and you gave me water; I was a stranger and you invited me into your homes; naked and you clothed me; sick and in prison, and you visited me." Then these righteous ones will reply, "Sir, when did we ever see you hungry and feed you? Or thirsty and give you anything to drink? Or a stranger, and help you? Or naked, and clothe you? When did we ever see you sick or in prison, and visit you?" And I, the King, will tell them, "When you did it to these my brothers you were doing it to me!" Then I will turn to those on my left and say, "Away with you, you cursed ones, into the eternal fire prepared for the devil and his demons. For I was hungry and you wouldn't feed me; thirsty, and you wouldn't give me anything to drink; a stranger, and you refused me hospitality; naked, and you wouldn't clothe me; sick, and in prison, and you didn't visit me." Then they will reply, "Lord, when did we ever see you hungry or thirsty or a stranger or naked or sick or in prison, and not help you?" And I will answer, "When you refused to help the least of these my brothers, you were refusing help to me." And they shall go away into eternal punishment; but the righteous into everlasting life." (Matthew 25)

Republicans place their emphasis on aquiring wealth, but they do not ever seem to recall Matthew 19:24-- "And again I say unto you, It is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle, than for a rich man to enter into the kingdom of God." Democrats on the other hand focus on community health and well-being.

2. I am sorry this is so long. My second reason is that those who walk under the banner of the "pro-life" movement are Biblical revisionists, and have no support for what they are saying. The Bible does not talk at all about such things. They have made it up. The truth of the matter is that for about 2000 years or more the theological concensus was that the soul entered the body at "quickening" or at about three months into pregnancy. Sometime in the 1800s clergy changed their mind, ignoring not only thousands of years of precedent, but the conditions during the times of Jesus Christ. The Bible is not only dismissive of the value of fetuses in any stage, but also infants of less than one month. The Biblical point of view is that the value of life is not some false scientific distinction of egg and sperm as pro-lifers say. There is much interesting material on abortion in the Bible. I am sorry this is long. I will site a few, and then you can delete all this if you want. Exodus 21:22-23 says that even an abortive act done by a third party is permissable as long as the woman does not die, although punished. Presumebly the husbund can do this without punishment:

"If men strive, and hurt a woman with child, so that her fruit depart from her, and yet no mischief follow: he shall be surely punished, according as the woman's husband will lay upon him; and he shall pay as the judges determine. And if any mischief follow, then thou shalt give life for life." (Exodus 21:22-23)

Therefore, all this nonsense about cells in dishes deserving respect is nonsense. It was completely fabricated. Even St. Augustine thought abortion of unformed fetuses was not bad. "But who is not rather disposed to think that unformed fetuses perish like seeds which have not fructified?" (Augustine, Enchiridion) So I'm fairly pro-choice, and I think if science wants to use "stem cells" to help people I don't understand it but I'm fine with it.

Sorry for the long post. If I may ask you--are you a Democrat or a Republican? If you are a Republican I did not mean to offend.--[[User:CWilson|CWilson]] 04:34, 28 March 2007 (EDT)

:I'm going to point out some historical facts, Mr. Wilson that run counter to what you think Democrats are.
::It was Democrats that caused a split in the country that led directly to the Civil War.
::It was Democrats that fought to defend slavery.
::It was Democrats that put in, defended, and enforced the Jim Crow laws against blacks.
::It was Democrats who created the Ku Klux Klan
::It was Democrats that tried keeping black children out of public schools and colleges in the South.
::It was Democrats that killed Emmitt Till
::It was Democrats that tried forcing Rosa Parks in the back of the bus.
::It was Democrats that caused and ran the Vietnam War, and ensuring that 53,000 Americans came home in body bags.
::It is Democrats now that are trying to make America lose in the same manner as they did in Vietnam.
::It is Democrats now that are fighting any law stopping abortion and putting prayer back in public schools.

Mr Wilson, those are facts, and you can heap all the praise you want on the Democratic Party, but don't you ever call that organization Christian. [[User:Karajou|Karajou]] 07:14, 28 March 2007 (EDT)

*Don't forget that Lyndon Johnson depended on Republicans to pass the Civil Rights Bill of 1964 because of fierce opposition by his fellow Democrats.

:The Republican Party also played a leading role in securing women the right to vote. In 1896, Republicans were the first major party to favor women's suffrage. When the 19th Amendment finally was added to the Constitution, 26 of 36 state legislatures that had voted to ratify it were under Republican control. The first woman elected to Congress was a Republican, Jeanette Rankin from Montana in 1917.

:Twelve states, all Republican, had given women full suffrage ''before'' the federal amendment was finally ratified.

:And, in 1869, the first blacks entered Congress as members of the Republican Party, establishing a trend that was not broken until 1935 when the first black Democrat finally was elected to Congress. --~ [[User:TK|TerryK]] [[User_talk:TK|MyTalk]] 08:17, 28 March 2007 (EDT)

::When I was studying English last year at MTSU, the topic was on Civil Rights, and it went to Rosa Parks. My question was "Just who was in charge?" Someone wanted her in the back of the bus, as it was the law to do so, which means the people at large put in the lawmakers to craft those laws in the first place. When I looked at a listing by affiliation of all the governors of the state of Mississippi, I found five Repubilcan governors during the military occupation and Reconstruction just after the Civil War, and a few Republicans after Reagan's election. The rest were Democrats. They were in charge during the entire slavery period, during the entire Jim Crow period, and well beyond, because that's what the people wanted. [[User:Karajou|Karajou]] 09:03, 28 March 2007 (EDT)

==diamond==

Please create an entry for [[diamond]]. Thank you for your attention in this matter. --[[User:Huey gunna getcha|Huey gunna getcha]] 18:05, 28 March 2007 (EDT)

== Antia Bryant ==

Good heavens -- yes, an attack on Anita Bryant! How that tenth-rate cackler and hate-monger, an embarassment both aesthetically and morally, ever became a conservative cause celebre is a mystery to me. The greatest joke ever is that she recorded a version of radical leftist Phil Ochs' "The Power and the Glory" without realizing who he was!

But in any case, clearly, I am opposed, in every way that a human being can be, to the goals of this deeply, wretchedly, anti-Christian website of hateful bile. Better ban me soon, or I will vandalize again, and again, and again!!! [[User:Boethius|Boethius]]

*Spoken with all the indignation Youth can muster! LMAO! Odd how people who weren't even born, or just, see things so clearly, reading magazine accounts....--~ [[User:TK|TerryK]] [[User_talk:TK|MyTalk]] 01:19, 29 March 2007 (EDT)

==Pruning==

Thanks. [http://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=User_talk:RSchlafly&curid=7294&diff=72878&oldid=72871] I owe you a cold one. --[[User:Ed Poor|Ed Poor]] 14:35, 29 March 2007 (EDT)

==Bleeding Kansas==
I added a bit more information to this subject in the Civil War article...which one can call "part 1" with some justification... [[User:Karajou|Karajou]] 22:28, 29 March 2007 (EDT)

==Talk:18 USC § 1030==
I understand that [[Talk:18 USC § 1030]] had to be protected due to vandalism, but it has been nearly two weeks, and I believe that, except in extreme circumstances, talk pages ought not be locked. Therefore, I am requesting that you unprotect that page.--[[User:Reginod|Reginod]] 13:18, 30 March 2007 (EDT)

== Question ==

Can one SYSOP by himself declare that I can't edit certain stuff? I thank you for your kind words, but Karajou seems to want to make it difficult for me to stay. Now I sorta do want to put a section in the abortion article about the Bible and what it says, but I'm worrried about getting banned.--[[User:CWilson|CWilson]] 18:19, 30 March 2007 (EDT)

:As much as I hate to say it, I think that what Andy says is generally what goes on this site, after he specifically said that he supported Karajou in this instance. [[User:MountainDew|MountainDew]] 18:21, 30 March 2007 (EDT)

::So you're saying I can't edit the Bible or abortion and that is going to be enforced?--[[User:CWilson|CWilson]] 18:28, 30 March 2007 (EDT)

:::I'm not saying I would enforce it, I'm just saying that realistically, that Karajou would enforce it and that Andy would probably back him up. [[User:MountainDew|MountainDew]] 18:37, 30 March 2007 (EDT)

::::Just because Karajou is a sysop? Like Richard, I guess.--[[User:CWilson|CWilson]] 18:47, 30 March 2007 (EDT)

==Prog rock==

Dream Theater fan, eh? [[User:Scriabin|Scriabin]] 18:57, 30 March 2007 (EDT)

Progressive rock

2007-03-30T22:56:15Z

Scriabin:

'''Progressive rock''', often shortened to '''prog rock''' or '''prog''', is a form of [[rock music]] characterized by lengthy and complicated forms (often based on classical or jazz, and frequently consisting of multiple contrasting sections), the use of instruments not typically found in rock, and complicated harmonies and rhythms. Other defining features include the "[[concept album]]" (such as ''Dark Side of the Moon'' or ''The Wall''), fantasy-based lyrics, and artistic album covers.

Progressive rock arose during the late 1960s and carried on through the 1970s before a decline corresponding to the rise of [[Punk rock|punk]]. [[King Crimson]], [[Yes]], [[Emerson, Lake, & Palmer]], and [[Genesis]] are considered the four "classic" exponents of this genre, although bands as diverse as [[Pink Floyd]], [[Jethro Tull]], and [[Rush]] have been given this label.

The genre has been criticized for some of its excesses and pretensions, which led to its downfall in the late 1970s (although bands like Pink Floyd and Rush continued to maintain a large following). This could be seen as a general turn in popular music towards more commercial and easily-accessible forms (such as disco and smooth jazz).

In the 1980s, many "neo-prog" artists such as [[Pallas]] and [[Marillion]] began a revival of the genre, combining the virtuosity and complexity of the '70s bands with a more mainstream sound reflecting the [[New Wave]] movement. Stalwarts of the genre (including [[Yes]] and [[Genesis]]) also modified their sound to head in a more mainstream direction. One example of this is the formation of the supergroup [[Asia]], featuring former members of [[Yes]], [[King Crimson]], and [[ELP]]. Asia's pop-oriented debut established a sales record for 1982, but surprised disappointed many fans of progressive rock who were expecting something less mainstream.

In the 1990s a new wave of "progressive metal" bands arose who combined the sound of traditional prog bands with metal bands such as Black Sabbath and Metallica. The most prominent of these is Dream Theater, while other such bands include Symphony X, Queensryche, and Tool.

Progressive rock

2007-03-30T22:25:11Z

Scriabin: New page: '''Progressive rock''', often shortened to '''prog rock''' or '''prog''', is a form of rock music characterized by lengthy and complicated forms (often based on classical or jazz, and ...

Punk rock

2007-03-30T22:10:00Z

Scriabin: added some stuff...i don't particularly listen to punk so it could be expanded

'''Punk rock''' is a genre of [[rock music]] that originated in the mid-[[1970s]] in response to the excesses of mainstream 1970s rock. It is characterized by loud and repetitive music featuring highly-distorted power chords in short, fast forms with stripped-down instrumentation. Lyrics tend to be confrontational, anti-establishment and often vulgar. Punk rock is often associated with a certain [[subculture]] that involves anti-authoritarian behavior (to the point of rebelliousness) and distinctive dress.

The first punk rock bands included [[The Clash]], [[The Ramones]] and [[The Sex Pistols]].

Nicolaus Copernicus

2007-03-30T17:01:25Z

Scriabin: AmesG has the right idea; but it was Kepler and not Brahe who resolved some of the problems with the Copernican model

[[Image:Nicholas_copernicus.gif|thumb|right|150px|Nicholas Copernicus]]A remarkable Polish scientist named Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543) made a stunning claim that rocked the religious and scientific world: he asserted that the earth revolved around the sun, not the sun around the earth. "Finally we shall place the Sun himself at the center of the Universe. All this is suggested by the systematic procession of events and the harmony of the whole Universe, if only we face the facts, as they say, 'with both eyes open.'"

Copernicus worked for years on his book describing his theory, and published it near the very end of his life. He entitled it, "De revolutionibus orbium coelestium" ("On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres"), and published it in 1543. The major parts of Copernican theory are:
# Heavenly motions are uniform, eternal, and circular or compounded of several circles (epicycles).
# The center of the universe is near the Sun.
# Around the Sun, in order, are Mercury, Venus, Earth and Moon, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, and the fixed stars.
# The Earth has three motions: daily rotation, annual revolution, and annual tilting of its axis.
# Retrograde motion of the planets is explained by the Earth's motion.
# The distance from the Earth to the sun is small compared to the distance to the stars.

The reception to his work was initially positive within the Catholic Church (contrary to popular belief, [[Galileo]] was not persecuted for supporting the Copernican theory, but because he was disrespectful to the [[Pope]]). However, the reaction was negative among Protestants who felt it conflicted with some literal interpretations of the Bible, such as the account of how Joshua benefited from the sun standing still as it passed over the earth. "And the sun stood still, and the moon stayed, until the people had avenged themselves upon their enemies. Is not this written in the book of Jasher? So the sun stood still in the midst of heaven, and hasted not to go down about a whole day." Joshua 10:13. But there were few Protestants in Poland then (or now), and Copernicus died without much controversy.

[[Image:Copernicus_system.gif|thumb|right|300px|The Copernican System]]

== Copernican Revolution ==
Copernicus's book title used the word "revolution" in the sense of planets revolving around the Sun, not in the sense of an intellectual revolt. In the late 20th century, the term Copernican Revolution has come to mean the prototypical [[paradigm shift]], where scientists suddenly became enlightened by rejecting the prejudices of their predecessors.

In fact the Copernican theory was no more accurate than the Ptolemaic model. It had no compelling physical arguments for its superiority, and it proposed no experiments for testing its novel features. Some people claim that it was aesthetically superior because it eliminated epicycles, but it actually had about the same number of epicycles as the Ptolemaic model. Some of the ancient Greek arguments for and against [[heliocentrism]] remained unresolved for some time, but have been solved by modern science, and by the efforts of previous astronomers such as [[Johannes Kepler]] (he showed that planetary orbits were elliptical and not circular, as presented in Copernicus's original model). <ref>Ancient greeks objected to Aristarchus's heliocentrim because
(1) we don't feel the Earth's motion, (2) unattached objects don't fly off, and (3) no annual stellar parallax. [http://physics.gmu.edu/~jevans/astr103/CourseNotes/history_greekGeocentricHeliocentric.html] Stellar parallax was not measured until 1838.</ref>

== Copernican Principle ==
The Copernican Principle says that Man has no special place in the universe. According to some, this principle has an almost Biblical significance. For example, Encyclopedia Britannica says:

:''The implications of Copernicus' work can not be exaggerated. His views challenged the literal interpretation of Scripture, the philosophical and metaphysical foundations of moral theory, and even common sense itself. The result was a massive opposition to his reported ideas. It was the slow, sure acceptance of the heliocentric theory by natural philosophers that ultimately quieted the general clamor, however the name of Copernicus is still a battle cry against the establishment in religion, philosophy and science. In later years with Freud, man lost his Godlike mind; with Darwin his exalted place among the creatures of the Earth; with Copernicus man had lost his privileged position in the Universe.''<ref>http://abyss.uoregon.edu/~js/glossary/copernican_principle.html</ref>

All of this would have been unrecognizable to Copernicus. His model was readily accepted to the extent that it agreed with observation, and abandoned when better models came along later. He didn't challenge any moral theory, and he got Catholic Church approval for his book. Not everyone views the history of science as the story of how Man became insignificant.

== Notes ==
<references/>

Integer

2007-03-29T01:21:05Z

Scriabin:

An '''integer''' is any whole number, positive, negative, or 0. More precisely, the set of all integers consists of all natural numbers {1, 2, 3, 4, ...}, their negatives {-1, -2, -3, -4, ...} and 0. A formal definition is that it is the only [[integral domain]] whose positive elements are well ordered and in which order is preserved by addition.

Some examples of integers: 1, 10/5, 98058493, -87, -3/3, the square root of 9, and 0.

The following numbers are not integers: 5/10, the square root of -9, 8.75, and Pi.

Prep school

2007-03-28T22:52:02Z

Scriabin:

'''Prep school''' is an informal name for a "preparatory school." In the United States, it usually refers to a private secondary school, often a boarding school, which prepares students for college.

During the 1800s, most college curricula were centered around the classics, and a substantial mastery of Latin and Greek was a requirement for admission. Brown University's 1836-7 catalog, for example, says that entrants must
:be thoroughly acquainted with the Grammar of the Latin and Greek languages, be able to construe and parse and of the following books, namely:—Jacob's Greek Reader, the Historical Books of the New Testament, or three Books of Xenophon's Cyropædia, Cæsars Commentaries, Virgil, Cicero's Select Orations, and translate English into Latin correctly.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?vid=00Dr0QOabAjYypfexv&id=4xEWeUleibIC&pg=PA4&lpg=PA4&dq=%22brown+university%22&as_brr=1#PPA13,M1 The Catalogue of Brown University], 1836</ref>

Most public schools did ''not'' prepare students to meet these requirements (those that did tended to be identified by names like "Boston Latin School").

Prep schools of the 1800s were modelled to some extent on the English so-called "public" schools like Eton and Harrow. Many of them had strong religious affiliations, usually Protestant, and tended to feed in to the schools now known as the Ivy League. One group of venerable Episcopalian prep schools is irreverently known as "St. Grottlesex:" St. Paul's School, St. Mark's School, St. George's School, Groton School, Middlesex School.

Following the Civil War and the passage of the Morrill Act, there was an explosion of public state universities. At the same time, many of the private universities, notably Harvard under Charles W. Eliot, sought to diversity their student body and admit more students from public schools. The importance of knowledge of Latin and Greek declined, in part because the great private universities' were becoming more secularized. Gradually, colleges dropped the requirements of Latin and Greek, and the curricula of public and prep schools converged.

Brown University

2007-03-28T22:47:36Z

Scriabin: /* Notable Brunonians */ corrected entry on Judson, added graduation dates for people i could find

'''Brown University''' is an American university located in Providence, Rhode Island. It is a member of the Ivy League. Brown was founded in 1764; the University motto is ''In Deo Speramus'', which means "In God We Hope" or "In God is our Hope". The current President of Brown is Ruth J. Simmons; it has 628 full-time faculty members and 7,595 students.

==History==
Brown was founded by Ezra Stiles, a Congregationalist Minister, and James Manning, a Baptist Minister; it was originally known as Rhode Island College. It charter was granted on March 3, 1764; among the sixty-odd signatories were the wealthy brothers John and Nicholas Brown, and the College was located in Warren, Rhode Island. The charter specified that "into this liberal and catholic institution shall never be admitted any religious tests, but on the contrary, all the members hereof shall forever enjoy full, free, absolute, and uninterrupted liberty of conscience", and as such was considered liberal and nonsectarian. Brown and Penn both have claims to be considered the first nonsectarian institution of higher learning in the United States

The College moved to Providence in 1770, and in 1804 was renamed Brown University in honor of Nicholas Brown, a nephew of John Brown, who had given a bequest of $5,000. The Brown family, as was typical at the time, participated in the slave trade. According to a Brown University report, "slavery was... an institution that permeated every aspect of social and economic life in Rhode Island, the Americas, and indeed the Atlantic World. There is no question that many of the assets that underwrote the University’s creation and growth derived, directly and indirectly, from slavery and the slave trade.... By the standards of Rhode Island’s mercantile elite, the Browns were not major slave traders, but they were not strangers to the business either."<ref>[http://www.brown.edu/Research/Slavery_Justice/report/index.html Slavery and Justice Report], Brown University Steering Committee on Slavery and Justice; "many of the assets," p. 13. "not strangers to the business," p. 15</ref>

The 1836-7 Brown catalog—or "catalogue," as it was spelled—lists the names of the entire student body: 43 freshman, 60 sophomores, 45 juniors, and 41 seniors. Candidates for admission were required, among other things, to
:bring satisfactory evidence of unexceptionable moral character, and be thoroughly acquainted with the Grammar of the Latin and Greek languages, be able to construe and parse... the Historical Books of the New Testament, or three Books of Xenophon's Cyropædia, and translate English into Latin correctly.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?vid=00Dr0QOabAjYypfexv&id=4xEWeUleibIC&pg=PA4&lpg=PA4&dq=%22brown+university%22&as_brr=1#PPA13,M1 The Catalogue of Brown University], 1836-7</ref>

Brown did not admit women until 1891, when a women's college named Pembroke College was founded. Brown became coeducational in 1971 when the undergraduate school merged with Pembroke College.

Brown had "compulsory chapel"—a requirement that students attend Sunday services—from its founding until 1872.<ref>[http://www.brown.edu/Administration/News_Bureau/Databases/Encyclopedia/search.php?serial=C0330 Chapel], from ''Encyclopedia Brunoniana.''</ref> After 1872 services were, of course, still conducted and students encouraged to attend them. At some point, services again became mandatory (although not strictly enforced) until the requirement was finally abolished in 1959. A 1904 book of student verse includes a lament by one C. S. Mitchell entitled "Chapel Bell:"
:Far away across the fields
:The tolling of the iron bell
:Calls the faithful to their knees
:To hear the softly spoken magic spells...<ref>Boone, Ilsley (1904), College Hill Verse: Being Selections from Student Publications of Brown University, 1894-1904, [http://books.google.com/books?vid=0Ov889qyeUnxOVt4ej&id=zufLsuEUEHgC&pg=PA3&lpg=PA3&dq=%22brown+university%22&as_brr=1#PPA4,M1 p. 4]</ref> 

==Hypertext==
Brown University has been a pioneer in the development of [[hypertext]]. This technology was championed by Andries van Dam, who founded Brown's computer science department and chaired it from 1975 to 1989<ref>[http://www.cs.brown.edu/people/avd/ Andries van Dam]]'s home page</ref>. The first hypertext editing system, HES, was developed at Brown in 1967 by Ted Nelson (coiner of the word ''hypertext'') working under van Dam's direction.<ref>[http://www.scholars.nus.edu.sg/cpace/ht/HTatBrown/BrownHT.html Hypertext at Brown]</ref>, short summary by George P. Landow, professor of English and Art History]. Brown's Iris Intermedia project was important and influential; several significant bodies of hypertext developed in that system have since been ported to the Web, notably [http://www.victorianweb.org/ The Victorian Web], an encyclopedic collection of information and source texts about the Victorian era.

==The New Curriculum==

Brown prides itself on its "New Curriculum," first established in 1969, which allows students to take virtually any course they want, with no general distribution requirements. Traditional letter grades are optional. [http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601103&sid=adp5xdxUBo78] However, the current undergraduate curriculum is currently under review, with recommendations set to be made in the spring of 2008. [http://media.www.browndailyherald.com/media/storage/paper472/news/2007/03/01/CampusNews/New-Task.Force.Will.Review.College-2751247.shtml]

==Recent events==

In 2005, Brown University's "Queer Alliance" threw a raucous and drunken party in a university building. The event was covered by disguised reporters for [[The O'Reilly Factor]], causing bad publicity for the university.[http://media.www.browndailyherald.com/media/storage/paper472/news/2006/04/27/CampusNews/Chaos.And.Management.Failures.Marred.Sex.Power.God-1880141.shtml?norewrite200605012032&sourcedomain=www.browndailyherald.com]

==Notable Brunonians==
* [[John Hay]] (1858), Abraham Lincoln's secretary, later Ambassador to Great Britain and Secretary of State.
* Dhani Harrison, son of [[George Harrison]] of the [[Beatles]]
* Thomas O. Paine (A.B., 1942), third administrator of NASA
* Donald Carcieri (A.B., 1965), conservative Republican businessman and current governor of [[Rhode Island]]
* Richard Holbrooke (A.B., 1962), U.S. ambassador to the [[United Nations]], 1999-2001
* [[Chuck Colson]] (A.B., 1953), chief counsel to U.S. President [[Richard Nixon]]
* John F. Kennedy Jr. (A.B., 1983), son of U.S. President [[John F. Kennedy]]
* Mary Chapin-Carpenter (A.B., 1981), singer-songwriter
* Chris Berman (A.B., 1977), anchor/announcer at ESPN
* Joe Paterno (A.B., 1950), current head coach for football at Penn State
* Travis Rowley, author of the book ''Out of Ivy'' which details his experiences as a conservative in a liberal university.
* Sidney Frank, entrepreneur. Dropped out due to financial reasons, but later received an honorary degree. Donated $100 million increase financial aid for low-income students, among other substantial gifts to the University.
* [[Adoniram Judson]], Christian missionary to Burma and one of the first American missionaries to travel overseas
* [[Josiah S. Carberry]], legendary professor of psychoceramics
* John Nakatamo, professor emeritus of organizational psychology

==Notes and references==
<references/>

==External links==
*[http://www.brown.edu/Administration/News_Bureau/Databases/Encyclopedia/ Encyclopedia Brunoniana], good source of information of Brown's history, customs

Brown University

2007-03-27T02:02:01Z

Scriabin: /* History */ rereading brunonia seems to indicate this is the case; i'll ask an alum after i get back from spring break

'''Brown University''' is an American university located in Providence, Rhode Island. It is a member of the Ivy League, and was rated as the 15th best U.S. college in 2007 by U.S. News and World Report [http://www.usnews.com/usnews/edu/college/rankings/brief/t1natudoc_brief.php]. Brown was founded in 1764; the University motto is ''In Deo Speramus'', which means "In God We Hope" or "In God is our Hope". The current President of Brown is Ruth J. Simmons; it has 628 full-time faculty members and 7,595 students.

==History==
Brown was founded by Ezra Stiles, a Congregationalist Minister, and James Manning, a Baptist Minister; it was originally known as Rhode Island College. It charter was granted on March 3, 1764; among the sixty-odd signatories were the wealthy brothers John and Nicholas Brown, and the College was located in Warren, Rhode Island. The charter specified that "into this liberal and catholic institution shall never be admitted any religious tests, but on the contrary, all the members hereof shall forever enjoy full, free, absolute, and uninterrupted liberty of conscience", and as such was considered liberal and nonsectarian. Brown and Penn both have claims to be considered the first nonsectarian institution of higher learning in the United States

The College moved to Providence in 1770, and was renamed Brown University in honor of Nicholas Brown, a nephew of John Brown, who had given a bequest of $5,000.

According to the university, the Brown family participated in the slave trade and the proceeds contributed to the funding of the university during its early days.<ref>[http://www.brown.edu/Research/Slavery_Justice/report/index.html Slavery and Justice Report], Brown University Steering Committee on Slavery and Justice</ref>

The 1833 Brown catalog—or "catalogue," as it was spelled—lists the names of the entire student body: 43 freshman, 60 sophomores, 45 juniors, and 41 seniors. Candidates for admission were required, among other things, to
:bring satisfactory evidence of unexceptionable moral character, and be thoroughly acquainted with the Grammar of the Latin and Greek languages, be able to construe and parse... the Historical Books of the New Testament, or three Books of Xenophon's Cyropædia, and translate English into Latin correctly.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?vid=00Dr0QOabAjYypfexv&id=4xEWeUleibIC&pg=PA4&lpg=PA4&dq=%22brown+university%22&as_brr=1#PPA13,M1 The Catalogue of Brown University], 1833</ref>

Brown did not admit women until 1891, when a women's college named Pembroke College was founded. Brown became coedicational in 1971 when the undergraduate school merged with Pembroke College.

Brown had "compulsory chapel"—a requirement that students attend Sunday services—from its founding until 1872.<ref>[http://www.brown.edu/Administration/News_Bureau/Databases/Encyclopedia/search.php?serial=C0330 Chapel], from ''Encyclopedia Brunoniana.''</ref> After 1872 services were, of course, still conducted and students encouraged to attend them. At some point, services again became mandatory (although not strictly enforced) until the requirement was finally abolished in 1959. A 1904 book of student verse includes a lament by one C. S. Mitchell entitled "Chapel Bell:"
:Hark! the bell—brazen bell 
:What a world of agony its clanging notes foretell 
:To the slumbrous sleepy student 
:As he bids his rest farewell...<ref>Boone, Ilsley (1904), College Hill Verse: Being Selections from Student Publications of Brown University, 1894-1904, [http://books.google.com/books?vid=0Ov889qyeUnxOVt4ej&id=zufLsuEUEHgC&pg=PA3&lpg=PA3&dq=%22brown+university%22&as_brr=1#PPA4,M1 p. 4]</ref> 

==The New Curriculum==

Brown prides itself on its "New Curriculum," first established in 1969, which allows students to take virtually any course they want, with no general distribution requirements. Traditional letter grades are optional. [http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601103&sid=adp5xdxUBo78] However, the current undergraduate curriculum is currently under review, with recommendations set to be made in the spring of 2008. [http://media.www.browndailyherald.com/media/storage/paper472/news/2007/03/01/CampusNews/New-Task.Force.Will.Review.College-2751247.shtml]

==Recent events==

In 2005, Brown University's "Queer Alliance" threw a raucous and drunken party in a university building. The event was covered by disguised reporters for [[The O'Reilly Factor]], causing bad publicity for the university.[http://media.www.browndailyherald.com/media/storage/paper472/news/2006/04/27/CampusNews/Chaos.And.Management.Failures.Marred.Sex.Power.God-1880141.shtml?norewrite200605012032&sourcedomain=www.browndailyherald.com]

==Notes and references==
<references/>

==External links==
*[http://www.brown.edu/Administration/News_Bureau/Databases/Encyclopedia/ Encyclopedia Brunoniana], good source of information of Brown's history, customs

Brown University

2007-03-27T01:45:55Z

Scriabin: /* The New Curriculum */

'''Brown University''' is an American university located in Providence, Rhode Island. It is a member of the Ivy League, and was rated as the 15th best U.S. college in 2007 by U.S. News and World Report [http://www.usnews.com/usnews/edu/college/rankings/brief/t1natudoc_brief.php]. Brown was founded in 1764; the University motto is ''In Deo Speramus'', which means "In God We Hope" or "In God is our Hope". The current President of Brown is Ruth J. Simmons; it has 628 full-time faculty members and 7,595 students.

==History==
Brown was founded by Ezra Stiles, a Congregationalist Minister, and James Manning, a Baptist Minister; it was originally known as Rhode Island College. It charter was granted on March 3, 1764; among the sixty-odd signatories were the wealthy brothers John and Nicholas Brown, and the College was located in Warren, Rhode Island. The charter specified that "into this liberal and catholic institution shall never be admitted any religious tests, but on the contrary, all the members hereof shall forever enjoy full, free, absolute, and uninterrupted liberty of conscience", and as such was considered liberal and nonsectarian. Brown and Penn both have claims to be considered the first nonsectarian institution of higher learning in the United States

The College moved to Providence in 1770, and was renamed Brown University in honor of Nicholas Brown, a nephew of John Brown, who had given a bequest of $5,000.

According to the university, the Brown family participated in the slave trade and the proceeds contributed to the funding of the university during its early days.<ref>[http://www.brown.edu/Research/Slavery_Justice/report/index.html Slavery and Justice Report], Brown University Steering Committee on Slavery and Justice</ref>

The 1833 Brown catalog—or "catalogue," as it was spelled—lists the names of the entire student body: 43 freshman, 60 sophomores, 45 juniors, and 41 seniors. Candidates for admission were required, among other things, to
:bring satisfactory evidence of unexceptionable moral character, and be thoroughly acquainted with the Grammar of the Latin and Greek languages, be able to construe and parse... the Historical Books of the New Testament, or three Books of Xenophon's Cyropædia, and translate English into Latin correctly.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?vid=00Dr0QOabAjYypfexv&id=4xEWeUleibIC&pg=PA4&lpg=PA4&dq=%22brown+university%22&as_brr=1#PPA13,M1 The Catalogue of Brown University], 1833</ref>

Brown did not admit women until 1891, when a women's college named Pembroke College was founded. Brown became coedicational in 1971 when the undergraduate school merged with Pembroke College.

==The New Curriculum==

Brown prides itself on its "New Curriculum," first established in 1969, which allows students to take virtually any course they want, with no general distribution requirements. Traditional letter grades are optional. [http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601103&sid=adp5xdxUBo78] However, the current undergraduate curriculum is currently under review, with recommendations set to be made in the spring of 2008. [http://media.www.browndailyherald.com/media/storage/paper472/news/2007/03/01/CampusNews/New-Task.Force.Will.Review.College-2751247.shtml]

==Recent events==

In 2005, Brown University's "Queer Alliance" threw a raucous and drunken party in a university building. The event was covered by disguised reporters for [[The O'Reilly Factor]], causing bad publicity for the university.[http://media.www.browndailyherald.com/media/storage/paper472/news/2006/04/27/CampusNews/Chaos.And.Management.Failures.Marred.Sex.Power.God-1880141.shtml?norewrite200605012032&sourcedomain=www.browndailyherald.com]

==Notes and references==
<references/>

==External links==
*[http://www.brown.edu/Administration/News_Bureau/Databases/Encyclopedia/ Encyclopedia Brunoniana], good source of information of Brown's history, customs

Brown University

2007-03-27T01:41:28Z

Scriabin: /* Recent events */

Brown University

2007-03-26T23:21:17Z

Scriabin: /* Sharpe Refectory */

Talk:Brown University

2007-03-26T21:03:01Z

Scriabin: /* Sayles Hall */

If there's no citation for the info about Brown and the slave trade, the information should be removed.--[[User:Murray|Murray]] 13:49, 26 March 2007 (EDT)
:I agree, it looks like gossip against Brown and doesn't help Conservapedia's goal of no gossip. [[User:ColinR|ColinR]][[User_talk:ColinR|talk]] 13:51, 26 March 2007 (EDT)

:: Maybe it would just be easier to keep the information, and get rid of the "no gossip" goal. --[[User:Huey gunna getcha|Huey gunna getcha]] 16:06, 26 March 2007 (EDT)

:::Maybe it'd be easiest to keep conservapedia, and get rid of all the people who read it? --[[User:Mittromney|Mittromney]] 16:10, 26 March 2007 (EDT)
== Sayles Hall ==

Sayles Hall is neither one of the oldest buildings on campus, nor was it built for religious purposes; it was (and is) a lecture hall, bult in 1881. A chapel, known as the "Little Chapel", was added in a side-room in 1945, and indeed is still there -- but it would be misleading to imply that the building's primary use was ever for the holding of religious services.

see the entry on the Hall in the [http://www.brown.edu/Administration/News_Bureau/Databases/Encyclopedia/search.php?serial=S0050 Encyclopedia Brunoniana] [[User:Boethius|Boethius]]

Sayles was used for mandatory chapel services from 1906 to 1969, so the previous description as "where required religious services was once held" is accurate. See the [http://www.brown.edu/Administration/News_Bureau/Databases/Encyclopedia/search.php?serial=C0330 Encyclopedia Brunoniana] entry on "Chapel". I'll include a better description of the hall. [[User:ColemanFrancis|ColemanFrancis]] 16:16, 26 March 2007 (EDT)

::The sentence "where required religious services was once held" does not seem to me to be relevant to this story (if indeed the story is relevant). It paints a deceptive picture of the Queer Alliance partying where once solemn chaplains condcted somber services, whereas at the time Sayles handn't been used, nor had attendance been required, for 30 years or more at the time of the party. [[User:Boethius|Boethius]]

If this page is going to be a list of criticisms of Brown, it might as well contain some valid ones. [[User:Scriabin|Scriabin]] 17:03, 26 March 2007 (EDT)