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Secular Europe and eugenics

2026-10-13T22:21:32Z

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[[File:Hitler.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Hitler's eugenicist war against individuals with Down syndrome has been resurrected by modern neo-Marxist leftists in Secular Europe.]]
Although [[Progressive Movement]]–inspired [[eugenics]] officially became discredited in the global outcry over the [[Holocaust]], its legacy was resurrected by neo-Marxists in [[Secular Europe]] who gradually replaced Christianity with [[scientism]]. In both [[Nazi Germany]]<ref>Khazan, Olga (September 3, 2014). [https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2014/09/a-memorial-to-the-nazis-disabled-victims/379528/ Remembering the Nazis' Disabled Victims]. ''The Atlantic''. Retrieved June 8, 2023.</ref> and countries in contemporary Europe, [[Down syndrome]] is viewed as an abnormal disease in need of "weeding out." According to Healthline, "nearly 100 percent of women in [[Iceland]] who receive a positive test for Down syndrome choose to terminate the pregnancy."<ref>Wakeman, Jessica (December 6, 2018). [https://www.healthline.com/health-news/the-debate-over-terminating-down-syndrome-pregnancies The Debate Over Terminating Down Syndrome Pregnancies]. ''Heathline''. Retrieved June 8, 2023.</ref>

In comparison to European countries whose Down syndrome rate is over 90%, in the United States it is a comparatively lower 67%<ref>Bilger, Micaiah (July 9, 2020). [https://www.lifenews.com/2020/07/09/the-united-states-kills-67-of-babies-with-down-syndrome-in-abortion/ The United States Kills 67% of Babies With Down Syndrome in Abortion]. ''LifeNews''. Retrieved June 8, 2023.</ref>, as a result of remaining American conservative Christian values to a significant extent relative to the greater atheistic left-wing influence among the populations of Secular Europe.

==Background: Nuremberg prosecutors condemn Nazi-permitted abortions==
Although contemporary neo-Marxist leftists insist that [[Adolf Hitler]] and other Nazi leaders were "anti-abortion," the prosecutors at the [[Nuremberg War Crimes Tribunal]] recognized otherwise. Human rights activist Rita Joseph writes:<ref>Joseph, Rita (2009). [https://www.google.com/books/edition/Human_Rights_and_the_Unborn_Child/WvGwaXEKIAIC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=nuremberg+trials+abortion&pg=PA186&printsec=frontcover Human Rights and the Unborn Child], p. 186. ''Google Books''. Retrieved June 8, 2023.</ref>
{{cquote|'''Eastern women workers were induced or ''forced'' to undergo abortions.''' [emphasis added]

Decriminalization of abortion was judged and condemned at Nuremberg as encouraging abortions. The fact that the Nazi authorities had removed abortion from Polish domestic law did not nullify the fact that abortion was still judged "a crime against humanity". This was in accord with the working definition:

'Crimes against humanity: namely, murder, extermination...and other inhumane acts committed against any civilian population, before or during the war... whether or not in violation of the domestic law of the country where perpetrated.'|||"Human Rights and the Unborn Child," p. 186}}

Karl Brandt, an officer for the ''Schutzstaffel'' (SS) who was Hitler's personal physician and the Nazis' chief medical officer, defended his egregious actions in citing, as a precedent, the [[United States Supreme Court]] ruling in ''[[Buck v. Bell]]'', authored by [[Social Darwinist]], Progressive justice [[Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.]], which legalized compulsory sterilization.<ref>Lombardo, Paul A. (November 10, 2008). [https://www.google.com/books/edition/Three_Generations_No_Imbeciles/Z_dSEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=nuremberg+buck+v.+bell&printsec=frontcover Three Generations, No Imbeciles: Eugenics, the Supreme Court, and Buck V. Bell]. ''Google Books''. Retrieved June 8, 2023.</ref> In addition, Brandt "cited Harry Laughlin's 1914 proposal calling for the sterilization of fifteen million Americans." Laughlin, a hardline racist pro-eugenics activist of the [[Progressive Era]], was an associate of [[Margaret Sanger]] in the organization Population Association of America<ref>Hansen, Randall; King, Desmond (August 26, 2013). [https://www.google.com/books/edition/Sterilized_by_the_State/IjUUAgAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=harry+laughlin+margaret+sanger&printsec=frontcover Sterilized by the State: Eugenics, Race, and the Population Scare in Twentieth-Century North America], p. 190. ''Google Books''. Retrieved June 8, 2023.</ref> and subsequently became a Nazi supporter.

''Buck v. Bell'' was also cited by Nazi defendant Otto Hafmann, who headed the SS Race and Settlement Office, to justify mass sterilization.<ref>Cohen, Adam (March 2016). [https://www.google.com/books/edition/Imbeciles/z9TnCQAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=nuremberg+buck+v.+bell&printsec=frontcover Imbeciles: The Supreme Court, American Eugenics, and the Sterilization of Carrie Buck], p. 303. ''Google Books''. Retrieved June 8, 2023.</ref> The 1961 movie ''Judgment at Nuremberg'' portrays a Nazi lawyer glowingly praising Justice Holmes as "that great American jurist."

==Atheistic United Kingdom and forced abortions==
In September 2019, a British woman was ordered by a court to undergo an abortion due to laws permitting abortion until the 24th week of pregnancy if "a substantial risk that if the child were born it would suffer from such physical or mental abnormalities as to be seriously handicapped."<ref>September 23, 2021. [https://www.cbsnews.com/news/abortion-uk-court-law-fetus-down-syndrome-disability/ Court dismisses challenge to U.K. law allowing abortion of a fetus with Down syndrome until birth]. ''Associated Press'' via ''CBS News''. Retrieved June 8, 2023.</ref>. However, the woman later gave birth despite eugenicist court rulings.<ref>October 18, 2019. [https://www.spuc.org.uk/Article/384193/UK-woman-who-was-ordered-to-have-a-forced-abortion-in-June-has-given-birth UK woman who was ordered to have a forced abortion in June has given birth]. ''Society for the Protection of Unborn Children''. Retrieved June 8, 2023.</ref>

==See also==
*[[Scientific fascism]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Atheism]]
[[Category:Europe]]
[[Category:Eugenics]]
[[Category:Fascism]]
[[Category:Socialism]]
[[Category:Marxism]]
[[Category:Nazism]]
[[Category:Genocide]]

Pennsylvania early voting

2026-10-13T22:21:25Z

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'''Pennsylvania early voting''' in 2020 and 2022 was dominated by unverified mail-in and drop-box ballots.

In 2022, there were 2,637,065 mail and absentee ballots which were "Cast and Counted" in the [[2022 midterm elections]] in [[Pennsylvania]].<ref>https://www.dos.pa.gov/VotingElections/BEST/Pages/BEST-Election-Stats.aspx (this total includes military and overseas civilian ballots).</ref> By judicial order, as applied to "Act 77," no signature verification of the early voting by mail and drop-boxes is done.
== References ==
{{reflist}}
[[category:Election Fraud]]

Orientalism

2026-10-13T22:21:24Z

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'''Orientalism''' means the study of the Orient (Asia) by Western scholars, and their evaluation of its social and moral values, and its future prospects. In recent decades, scholarship has responded to the arguments of [[Edward Said]] (1978), who denounced much of Orientalism as contaminated by the biases of Western [[imperialism]].

===Edward Said and Orientalism===
The American-Palestinian scholar [[Edward Said]] argued in his highly influential<ref>It was translated into 36 languages.</ref> book ''Orientalism'' (1978) that Western scholars were so contaminated by their European ideas and preconceptions that they could not deal honestly and fairly with Asian topics. Said focused on the discipline of Oriental Studies in Europe, including philology, linguistics, ethnography, and the interpretation of culture through the discovery and translation of Oriental texts. In particular, he focused on how Western scholars treated the [[Middle East]], his own native region, where he was a major political activist. Said concluded that they looked down upon their subjects as inferior to Westerners, and in general backward and in need of European authority and guidance. He repeatedly complained that the Orientalists saw the Orient as unchanging and without an internal dynamic; it lacked internal potential for growth, unless it Westernized. Said suggested that the repeated image of a static Orient was what made the Orient static with respect to the West.

Said did not comment on whether anyone could deal honestly and fairly with Asia,<ref>Said was Christian (not Muslim), was educated in British schools in Egypt then at American prep schools, Princeton and Harvard; he spent his entire academic career at C[[olumbia University]] in [[New York City]]; he was active in Palestinian politics.</ref> for he was taking a general postmodern view that complete analysis is never possible, that Orientalism is misguided and uncritically "essentialist' when it assumes there is such as thing as the Orient in the first place. His argument, however, was phrased as an attack on western specialists, especially Bernard Lewis, who in turn tried to pick apart his examples, and challenged his basic postmodern epistemology. Said was not an expert on any aspect of Asian history of culture (he was a specialist in English literature from Britain and America), which weakened his arguments with specialists, and led to the criticism that he was as guilty of sweeping stereotypes as the authors he attacked. As James Clifford noted. Said " sometimes appears to mimic the essentializing discourse it attacks".<ref>James Clifford, "On Orientalism" in his ''The Predicament of Culture: Twentieth-Century ethnography, Literature, and Art.'' 1988 (p 262)</ref>

In 1995,<ref>Gyan Prakash, "Orientalism Now" ''History and Theory'' (1995)</ref> Gyan Prakash attributed the phenomenal success of ''Orientalism'' to its capacity to unsettle "received categories and modes of understanding":
:Said's persistent and restless movements between authorial intentions and discursive regimes, scholarly monographs and political tracts, literature and history, philology and travel writings, classical texts and twentieth-century polemics produced a profound uncertainty... in which the established authority of Orientalist scholars and their lines of inquiry came undone. The ambivalent effect of Orientalism invited charges of undisciplined thinking and ideological bad faith, and prompted critics to force its unsettling movement between different positions into an either/or choice which they then targeted for criticism. Significantly, it was precisely such boundary-crossings and stagings of contrary positions that proved to be the most productive and influential maneuvers, inciting further critical studies of the modern West's construction of the Other. Such studies...elaborated and extended its argument, and Said himself went on to produce other studies of the relationship between Western power and knowledge. But Orientalism's authority as a critique of Western knowledge remains unmatched, and continues to derive force from its subversive violation of borders.

Said's critique of Orientalisms provoked a comprehensive review by postcolonial theorists of the bulk of Western knowledge regarding non-Western countries; this time the analysis was done by experts who did know Asian culture. Specialists on colonial South Asia, in particular, have taken off from Said's work to look in detail at the construction of colonial knowledge, the [[reification]] of religious and racial categories, and the administrative practices of British colonial rule. The postcolonialists argued that Orientalist literature buttressed the colonial notion of a civilizing mission. Gender studies plays a major role, as postcolonial feminists such as Gayatri Spivak, Chandra Mohanty, and Rajeswari Rajan analyze and condemn Western feminism's ideological complicity with Orientalist and imperialist ventures.<ref>Md. Mahmudul Hasan, "The Orientalization of Gender." ''American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences'' 2005 22(4): 26-56. Issn: 0887-7653</ref>

Ibn Warraq (2007) argues that Said's case against the West is deeply flawed. Warraq shows how Said deliberately misinterpreted the work of many scholars who knew far more about the Middle East than he. For that matter, Said often systematically misrepresents Western civilization as a whole. Warraq shows that unlike the Arabs, Western civilization has to a certain extent tried to study, understand, welcome and incorporate outside ideas. Warraq demonstrates Said's thin knowledge of the history of the Middle East, and that he uses inadequate methodology, incoherent arguments, and a faulty historical understanding.

===Early modern Europe===
The concept of Oriental despotism allowed early modern Europeans to distinguish themselves from the most powerful and impressive non-European civilizations of the Ottoman Middle East, Persia, India, and China on grounds that were neither fundamentally religious nor linked to sheer scientific and technological progress but were rather political and moral.

The French Enlightenment philosopher Voltaire (1694-1778) situated India within a global context of history and cultural exchange. He helped create a recognizable entity "India," in the Western imagination by studying selected texts and focusing on a romanticized ideal of India as an Oriental paradise. Voltaire's motivation was primarily the Enlightenment attack on the Catholic Church and, more specifically, Voltaire's claim that many of the most important Christian rituals had their origin in Hindu rituals.<ref>Jyoti Mohan, "La Civilisation la plus Antique: Voltaire's Images of India." ''Journal of World History'' 2005 16(2): 173-185. Issn: 1045-6007 Fulltext: in History Cooperative, Project Muse and Ebsco</ref>

The Western use of the harem as a metaphor for aspects of Western life appears as early as 1721, in Baron de Montesquieu's widely-read ''Persian Letters.'' Lewis (2004) studies historical attitudes toward Ottoman women expressed in 19th-century writings by European women as well as the Ottoman women themselves. Lewis tracks the determination by these different women to emancipate Ottoman women. In her book, Lewis shows how the Western woman author was able to successfully print and sell unique accounts of harem women who were forbidden to Western men. In this way, harem literature was monopolized by European and Ottoman women.

===German scholars===
In 1808, [[Friedrich Schlegel]] (1772-1829) published his ''Über die Sprache und Weisheit der Indier'' (1808). This work distilled his long study of Sanskrit and Indian literature and introduced evidence and hypotheses regarding the affinities between Sanskrit and the languages of Europe, especially Greek, Latin, and German. This kinship had earlier been suggested in the writings of British Sanskrit expert Sir [[William Jones]]. Schlegel's work also explored Indian and Oriental philosophies and suggested that these, like the language, had been transmitted to Europe in the remote past. In fact, there was a growing interest in Indian civilization, symbolism, and religion in the Romantic era, and interest was also visible in the ideas - often derived from etymological research - of Franz Bopp, Joseph Görres, and Friedrich Creuzer. These writers probed the area of comparative mythology with particular eagerness. Accurate or not in its speculations, German Orientalism was significant in part because it contributed to the ideological formation of a German identity in the 19th century, and not just where the emergence of the anti-Semitic notion of an "Aryan Race" is concerned. In this, the Germans' imaginative explorations were rather distinct from those of the British scholars whose views of India were often gained and conditioned by the colonizing experience. Schlegel modeled his studies on the humanistic project of the Renaissance, but predicated on the assumption that all European cultures were united around a Germanic core originally influenced by the Asian East.<ref>Chen Tzoref-Ashkenazi, "India and the Identity of Europe: the Case of Friedrich Schlegel," ''Journal of the History of Ideas'' 2006 67(4): 713-734. Issn: 0022-5037 Fulltext: 1. Project Muse and Ebsco</ref>

===British thought: Disraeli===
[[Benjamin Disraeli]] (1804-1881), a popular novelist and politician (later prime minister), was outspokenly philo-Semitic. He was a romantic who embraced his own Jewishness (although he had become a member of the Church of England as a young teenager) and in culture, habit, and political policy followed a pattern of Orientalist (spiritual, intuitive, and emotional rather than rational and practical) behavior. He clearly believed that Orientalism, rooted in Turkish and Semitic - both Arabian and Jewish - tradition, if supported and protected by the colonial powers, could offer much of value to the Christian West. Fueled by contemporary ethnology and race theories, Disraeli argued that Jews were a superior, "aristocratic" race destined to become the spiritual and intellectual guides for modern Europe. Enabling such claims was Disraeli's skillful manipulation of Orientalist discourse, whereby he routinely reversed its stereotypical privileging of West over East. Following the example of William Makepeace Thackeray's 1847 satiric response to Disraeli in the story "Codlingsby,"; however, Schweller (2006) argues that Disraeli's "strategy of reversals" ultimately failed because it did not adequately comprehend traditional Western associations and meanings of "aristocracy," a fundamental misunderstanding that, for Disraeli's political enemies and critics, exposed him yet again as a foreigner, an Oriental, and a Jew.<ref>Ivan Davidson Kalmar, "Benjamin Disraeli, Romantic Orientalist." ''Comparative Studies in Society and History'' 2005 47(2): 348-371. Issn: 0010-4175 Fulltext: in Cambridge Journals; Russell Schweller, "'Mosaic Arabs': Jews and Gentlemen in Disraeli's Young England Trilogy." ''Shofar'' 2006 24(2): 55-69. Issn: 0882-8539 Fulltext: in Ebsco</ref>

Proudman (2005) presents a detailed critique of Said's representation of Disraeli as the archetypal Orientalist. Far from functioning as a producer of knowledge about the East that undergirded imperialism, Disraeli remained consistently sympathetic to Islam, both in his 1847 novel ''Tancred'' and in his political involvement with the Balkan crises of the 1870s. The novel, published one year after the division of the Tory party, was primarily a critique of British liberalism, in which Disraeli used a romanticized vision of the Orient to attack the values of post-Enlightenment Europe. Said, in failing to take into account Disraeli's political environment, committed factual errors that included erroneously holding him responsible for the occupation of Egypt in 1882.<ref>Mark F. Proudman, "Disraeli as an 'Orientalist': the Polemical Errors of Edward Said." ''Journal of the Historical Society'' 2005 5(4): 547-568. Issn: 1529-921x Fulltext: in Ebsco</ref>

==Bibliography==
* Ahmad, Aijaz. ''In Theory: Classes, Nations, Literatures.'' 1992, vitriolic Marxist attack on Said.
* Aoki, Andrew L. and Don T. Nakanishi. "Asian Pacific Americans and the New Minority Politics," ''PS: Political Science and Politics,'' Vol. 34, No. 3 (Sep., 2001), pp. 605–610 [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=1049-0965(200109)34%3A3%3C605%3AAPAATN%3E2.0.CO%3B2-G in JSTOR]
* Bisaha, Nancy. ''Creating East and West: Renaissance Humanists and the Ottoman Turks'' (2004)
* Cannadine, David. ''Ornamentalism: How the British Saw Their Empire.'' 2002. Argues that British visions were structured by British class hierarchies.[[File:Warraq.jpg|thumb|200px]]
* Dirlik, Arif. "Chinese History and the Question of Orientalism," ''History and Theory,'' Vol. 35, No. 4, (Dec., 1996), pp. 96–118 [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0018-2656(199612)35%3A4%3C96%3ACHATQO%3E2.0.CO%3B2-9 in JSTOR]
* Hamilton, Alistair, and Francis Richard. ''André Du Ryer and Oriental Studies in Seventeenth-Century France'' (2004)
* Huggan, Graham. "(Not) Reading Orientalism," ''Research in African Literatures'' vol 36#3 (2005) 124-136 in Project Muse
* Irwin, Robert. ''Dangerous Knowledge: Orientalism and Its Discontents.'' (2006). 416 pp.
* Jun, Helen H., “Black Orientalism: Nineteenth-Century Narratives of Race and U.S. Citizenship,” ''American Quarterly,'' 58 (Dec. 2006), 1047–66. in [[Project MUSE]]
* Kennedy, Valerie. ''Edward Said: A Critical Introduction'' (2000), 192pp; useful introduction [https://www.amazon.com/Edward-Said-Critical-Introduction-Contemporary/dp/0745620183/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1257203191&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Klein, Christina. ''Cold War Orientalism: Asia in the Middlebrow Imagination, 1945-1961'' (2003), re American perceptions [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=105852900 online edition]
* Kontje, Todd. ''German Orientalisms.'' (2004). 316 pp.
* Kuklick, Bruce. ''Puritans in Babylon: The ancient Near East and American intellectual life, 1880-1930,'' (1996) stresses American interest in India and Biblical lands [http://www.historyebook.org/ online at ACLS e-books]
* Lee, Jennifer, and Min Zhou, eds. ''Asian American Youth: Culture, Identity, and Ethnicity'' (2004) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=108312572# online edition]
* Lennon, Joseph. ''Irish Orientalism: A Literary and Intellectual History.'' (2004). 478 pp.
* Lewis, Reina. ''Rethinking Orientalism: Women, Travel and the Ottoman Harem.'' (2004). 297 pp.
* Little, Douglas. ''American Orientalism: The United States and the Middle East since 1945.'' (2002). 407 pp.
* Lockman, Zachary. ''Contending Visions of the Middle East: The History and Politics of Orientalism.'' (2004). 308 pp.
* MacKenzie, J. M. ''Orientalism: History, Theory and the Arts.'' 1995.
* Matar, Nabil ed., ''In the Lands of Christians: Arabic Travel Writing in the Seventeenth Century'' (2003)
* Said, Edward. ''Orientalism'' (1978; also 2003 edition with a nasty new introduction)
* Warraq, Ibn. ''Defending the West: A Critique of Edward Said's Orientalism'' (2007) a conservative critique [http://www.asmeascholars.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1236&catid=9&Itemid=64 online review]; [http://www.islam-watch.org/IbnWarraq/Warraq_Meets_Edward_Said.htm another online review]
* Wittfogel, Karl August. ''Oriental despotism: a comparative study of total power'' (1957), [http://www.historyebook.org/ online at ACLS e-books]
* Yoshihara, Mari. ''Embracing the East: White Women and American Orientalism.'' (2003). 242 pp. [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=104283717 online edition]
* Yu, Henry. ''Thinking Orientals: Migration, Contact, and Exoticism in Modern America'' (2002) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=104289447 online edition]

==Notes==
<references/>
[[Category:Historians]]
[[Category:Middle East]]
[[Category:Asia]]

Khazars

2026-10-13T22:21:16Z

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The '''Khazar myth''' (officially the '''Khazar hypothesis of Ashkenazi ancestry''') claims that Ashkenazi Jews (i.e., those descended from an [[Eastern European]] bloodline) are not [[Judaism#Minhagim and ethnic groups|ethnically Jewish]] at all, but descend from the inhabitants of the medieval Turkic Khazar Empire. Myth-makers often harness this idea in attempts to discredit [[Zionism]] and/or to explain why the [[British Israelism|British]]/[[Christian Identity|Aryans]]/[[Black Hebrew Israelites|Blacks]]/Arabs/insert race here, and not the Jews, are the REAL "chosen people" of the [[Bible]]. Anti-Zionists, on [[QAnon]] and elsewhere, often deploy the Khazar myth in an attempt to delegitimize Ashkenazi claims to being Jewish, and by extension Jewish claims to ancestral Israel.<ref>See the hate rhetoric usually associated with /motivated for promoting it: [https://archive.is/wip/B0i2t FYI, there is nothing semetic about israel or israelis. they are descended from Khazar. ( Fake satanic (sic) jews) Put a palestinian next to an israeli. palestinian looks arabic, the israeli looks polish/german.] by @charismoa001 (7:48 AM · Apr 28, 2020) ''Twitter'' (archived from 30 Apr 2020 03:00:12 UTC).</ref> This nonsense is popular among [[Qanon]] idiots.

(Pushed on Wikipedia by a long-time intolerant user<ref>[https://archive.ph/tRtFx Intellectual Racism]</ref>).

This claim, even if it were true, does not undermine converts, who are as much a part of the Jewish nation. It actually refutes the notion of "racism" in Zionism, since converts have as much right to Israel.

King [[David]], for instance, was a grandchild of the first convert, [[Ruth]].
==The Khazar state==
The Khazar state, at various times referred to as the Khazar Khaganate or Khazaria, was a Central Asian polity in the [[medieval]] era. Many Jews sought refuge from turmoil in the [[Persian]] Empire and the Eastern [[Roman Empire]] by emigrating to the Khazar region, and by the 10th century CE, it is estimated that there were about thirty thousand Jews living in Khazaria.<ref name=Khazaria>[http://www.khazaria.com/khazar-history.html AN INTRODUCTION TO THE HISTORY OF KHAZARIA, Kevin Alan Brook]</ref> Around the 9th century CE, with Obadiah, the Khazars' ruling class converted to Judaism, and from then on they cultivated relations with diasporic Jewish communities across Europe and Asia until their fall in the 10th century.

Legend: The '''Khazars''' were a [[Central Asia]]n people whose king converted to [[Judaism]] in the [[Middle Ages]]. There is a legend that he called in representatives of [[Christianity]], Judaism, and [[Islam]], in order to decide which religion to choose for himself and the royal family. After listening to each of their arguments, he chose Judaism.
==Works and history==
The Khazar myth has existed for over two centuries, going back to the early 1800s. In the early years, it was espoused both by Jews and anti-Semites. Curiously, the Khazar myth was occasionally promoted for much the opposite reason we see today: some proponents believed that it would discredit anti-Semitism. However, as evidence mounted against the theory and as it became more and more popular with Nazis, it is now pretty much exclusively promulgated by anti-Semites in the modern era.

===Palestinabuch===
Nazi scholar Herman Wirth began working on an untitled manuscript commonly known as the "Palestinabuch" (Book of Palestine) prior to [[World War II]]. The text, greatly influenced by an Oera Linda Book-forged document, would have explained the [[Aryan]] origins of [[Jesus Christ]], and how Christianity, supposedly an ancient Nordic faith, had been corrupted by Jews. It was never published, and no known manuscripts of this text survive, but its memory lives on. Figures like Miguel Serrano and antisemitic<ref>Several academic, journalistic, and monitoring organizations have documented and analyzed Aleksandr Dugin's use of antisemitic tropes and his involvement with extremist groups.

Scholarly and Expert Analysis:

Brill Publishers (Academic Analysis): A chapter titled "[https://brill.com/display/book/edcoll/9789004382022/BP000024.xml Alexander Dugin: Between Eschatology, Esotericism, and Conspiracy Theory]" (Sep 24, 2018) details how Dugin's work promotes "conspiratorial antisemitism," portraying history as an occult war between Christianity and Judaism.
* ''The Jewish Chronicle'': In an article, [https://www.thejc.com/opinion/aleksandr-dugin-the-sinister-ideologue-whos-putins-favourite-philosopher-j37d6xcf Aleksandr Dugin: The Sinister Ideologue Who's Putin's Favourite Philosopher] (March 11, 2022), Alex Hearn (Director of Labour Against Antisemitism) argues that Dugin's conspiracy theories are inherently designed to promote antisemitism.
* ''Tablet Magazine'': An article on [https://www.tabletmag.com/sections/news/articles/putins-fascism Putin's Fascist Ideology] (March 21, 2022) notes that Dugin's Eurasianist ideology relies on 20th-century antisemitic stereotypes, often replacing the word "Jew" with "cosmopolitan" or "liberal".

Documented Affiliations and Public Debates:
*Pamyat Membership: Multiple sources, including the Kennan Institute and BBC Russian, document Dugin's early membership in Pamyat, an explicitly antisemitic and ultra-nationalist organization.
*Nexus Symposium Debate: French philosopher Bernard-Henri Lévy publicly confronted Dugin during a debate, citing specific pages in Dugin's book The Conservative Revolution that discuss a "metaphysical war between Aryans and Jews" as proof of his antisemitism.

Summary of Core Themes Sourced as Antisemitic. Core Claim of Antisemitism:

Academic: His "Eurasianism" frames a cosmic war against "Atlanticists," a term experts state mirrors historical antisemitic tropes; Institutional: Groups like the Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) and ADL have linked Dugin to broader white nationalist and alt-right networks that utilize antisemitic rhetoric; Geopolitical: He has recently framed the conflict in Gaza and modern Zionism within an apocalyptic framework where Israel represents the "Antichrist".</ref> [[Aleksandr Dugin]] claimed that the text would have changed the world and revealed once and for all the true history of [[Western civilization]], if only the powers that be hadn't covered it up (International Jewish conspiracy).

===''The Thirteenth Tribe''===
''The Thirteenth Tribe'' is a book written in 1976 by the irrational parapsychologist [[Arthur Koestler]], claiming that Ashkenazi Jews were descended from Khazar converts to Judaism.<ref>''The Thirteenth Tribe: The Khazar Empire and its Heritage'' by Arthur Koestler (1976) Random House. ISBN 0394402847.</ref> The author, himself Jewish, apparently had the best of intentions, and thought that by establishing Khazar descent rather than descent from the Jews of [[Jesus]]' time and area, the [[Passion play|"Christ-Killer"]] accusations would end and [[Antisemitism]] would disappear.<ref>Michael Scammell ''Koestler: The Literary and Political Odyssey of a Twentieth-Century Skeptic'' Random House, 2009, p. 546</ref> It did not.

==Genetic studies==
Many argue that [[genetic]] studies on Jewish populations have refuted any claims of significant Khazar lineage, and have shown that most ethnic Jews draw their roots from the Middle East.<ref>[http://www.jpost.com/Sci-Tech/Article.aspx?id=282584 Jews: A religious group, people or race?] Judy Siegel-Itzkovich</ref> A genetic study led by Dr. Gil Atzmon found that European Jews were most closely related to Middle Eastern Jews, Arab "Palestinians", [[Druze]], and non-Jewish Southern Europeans — evidence inconsistent with Khazar/Slavic [[hypotheses]].<ref>Atzmon, Gil, Li Hao, Itsik Pe'er, Christopher Velez, Alexander Pearlman, Pier Francesco Palamara, Bernice Morrow, Eitan Friedman, Carole Oddoux, Edward Burns, and Harry Ostrer. 2010. "Abraham's Children in the Genome Era: Major Jewish Diaspora Populations Comprise Distinct Genetic Clusters with Shared Middle Eastern Ancestry". ''The American Journal of Human Genetics'', 86: 850–859.</ref> Another genetic study led by Doron Behar found that, despite admixture from local populations, autosomal genetic samples from the Ashkenazi Jews, Caucasian Jews, Middle Eastern Jews, North African Jews, and Sephardi Jews form a relatively tight genetic cluster which overlaps with Samaritans and Israeli Druze which is strongly indicative of common Levantine ancestry.<ref>Behar, Doron M, Bayazit Yunusbayev, Mait Metspalu, Ene Metspalu, Saharon Rosset, Jüri Parik, Siiri Rootsi, Gyaneshwer Chaubey, Ildus Kutuev, Guennady Yudkovsky, Elza K. Khusnutdinova, Oleg Balanovsky, Ornella Semino, Luisa Pereira, David Comas, David Gurwitz, Batsheva Bonne-Tamir, Tudor Parfitt, Michael F. Hammer, Karl Skorecki1, and Richard Villems. 2010. "The genome-wide structure of the Jewish people". ''Nature'', 466: 238–242.</ref>

This argument has been challenged by one recent genetic study by Johns Hopkins University geneticist Dr. Eran Elhaik.<ref>Eran Elhaik (December 14, 2012) [http://gbe.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2012/12/14/gbe.evs119.short?rss=1 "The Missing Link of Jewish European Ancestry: Contrasting the Rhineland and the Khazarian Hypotheses"]</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130321235013/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5iJN90t2gN6hxGiFQuBv-gYQE060w?docId=CNG.52483183e4e0f60d963361c17572c848.81 Gene study settles debate over origin of European Jews] (Jan 16, 2013) ''AFP'' (archived from March 21, 2013).</ref> However, Elhaik's study does not fully address the findings of previous studies, particularly the overlap between Ashkenazi Jewish populations and native endogamous Levantine populations such as the Samaritans and Druze. Elhaik's use of Palestinian Arabs as representative of ancestral Israelite genetics is questionable in light of previous genetic studies which have uncovered evidence of significant African gene flow present in Arab, but not non-Arab Middle Eastern populations.<ref>Moorjani P, Patterson N, Hirschhorn JN, Keinan A, Hao L, et al. (2011) "The History of African Gene Flow into Southern Europeans, Levantines, and Jews". http://www.plosgenetics.org/article/...l.pgen.1001373</ref><ref> Martin Richards, Chiara Rengo, Fulvio Cruciani, Fiona Gratrix, et al. (2003) "Extensive Female-Mediated Gene Flow from Sub-Saharan Africa into Near Eastern Arab Populations" http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1180338/</ref> White supremacist blogger<ref>[https://www.politico.com/blogs/media/2015/03/new-york-times-drops-razib-khan-204287 New York Times drops Razib Khan] Byers, Dylan ''Politico'' 19 March 2015</ref> Razib Khan argues that Elhaik's conclusions rely on poorly reasoned assumptions and that "the Caucasian component that is being detected in this paper may simply be a[n] indigenous Middle Eastern ancestral element which has now been somewhat displaced northward in its modal frequency due to the expansion of the Arabs."<ref>[http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2012/08/ashkenazi-jews-are-probably-not-descended-from-the-khazars/ Ashkenazi Jews are probably not descended from the Khazars] by Razib Khan (August 8, 2012 11:27 pm) ''Discover''.</ref>

None of these studies of Ashkenazi Jews have detected evidence of a significant Central or East Asian genetic component that is present in other Turkic populations. The actual Khazars would likely have been assimilated by the Krymchaks (Crimean Jews) following the fall of Khazaria. Even so, the Krymchaks had a long history of assimilating other Jews who came to the Crimea, so their ancestry is still largely Levantine.<ref> "Who Were The Krymchaks?" [http://www.family.askinazy.com/WhoWereTheKrymchaks.pdf] </ref>

==Historian in 2021==

Historian and philologist in 2021:
{{Cquote|<ref>Dan Shapira, [https://www.tabletmag.com/contributors/dan-shapira So, Who Were the Khazars? - History]. ''Tablet Magazine'', Jan 28, 2021</ref>
Neither the genetic ancestors of Ashkenazi Jewry nor a myth. Introducing the new ‘History Detective’ column. — The term “Khazars” is misleading. Like the Mongol Empire, or Imperial Russia or USSR, and like Poland-Lithuania, the Khazar realm was a multiethnic entity.}}

==Why it wouldn't matter anyway==
First, most Israelis are not of European descent, which destroys anti-Israel propaganda even per the hoax.

Though Ashkenazi Jews are the largest ethnic group of Jews today, Sephardim (Jews of [[Spain|Spanish]] and North African descent) and Mizrahim (Jews of [[Middle East]]ern descent) make up the majority of the Jewish population in [[Israel]].<ref>{{Cquote|Many cultures, one people
Jews are not a “race,” but constitute a people or nation. Traditionally, Jewish texts often refer to the Jewish people as “Israel.”

DNA studies and archaeological evidence show that the Jewish people originated in the Middle East. Owing to Jews’ historical dispersion around the world however, Jews also belong to several Jewish ethnic groups, all of which are represented in the modern state of Israel.

The largest Jewish ethnic group in Israel, about 40% to 45% of the country’s total population, is called Mizrahi, which means “Eastern” in Hebrew. Mizrahi Jews’ ancestors hailed from Jewish communities in the Middle East, including Israel itself.}}
[https://theconversation.com/israels-mosaic-of-jewish-ethnic-groups-is-key-to-understanding-the-country-217893 Israel’s mosaic of Jewish ethnic groups is key to understanding the country]. Nov 30, 2022.</ref> Furthermore, Israel has become the home of many smaller Jewish ethnic groups, such as [[Ethiopia]]n Jews, Yemenite Jews, and Kaifeng Jews. Since the Khazar myth doesn't address those Jews at all, any use of it to prove that "the Jews" aren't real Jews has significant holes.

Furthermore, Judaism has allowed for voluntary conversion through most of its history. Indeed, the great-grandmother of [[King David]], [[Ruth]], was a Moabite convert. Therefore, even if the Ashkenazi were descendants of Khazar converts, they would still be entirely, legitimately Jewish in the eyes of Jewish law.

Additionally, there is the question of gene mixing which would inevitably occur when two populations lived close together. No matter how stringent social or religious constraints might be against either, mixed marriages and extramarital [[sex]] are still going to happen. An excellent example of this is [[African American]]s who have a much lighter skin tone than is common in the West African home of their ancestors. This is of course due to widespread marital and extramarital mixture with non-black populations in the US, and [[slaves]] often didn't [[Rape|have a say in the matter]]. [[Thomas Jefferson]] and his children are just one well-known example of this. In the case of Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemmings, what often gets left out is that Sally Hemmings was Jefferson's wife's half-sister and was three-quarters white. She was a slave by accident of birth, and her six children with Jefferson were seven-eighths white yet born into slavery, highlighting the whole absurdity and cruelty of the practice. [[Obama]]'s ''mother'' is another good example; it turns out that one of her ancestors happened to be among the first Africans in the colonies and arguably the first slave.<ref>Family of Barack Obama</ref> And this was a result of — at best — four centuries of living side-by-side, not twelve centuries as would be the case with the Khazars.

[In any case, Zionism isn't about a 'race' or specific group. Converts are Jews].

From the time of the Exodus onward, the Jewish people have incorporated outsiders into their community. As Exodus 12:38 notes, a "mixed multitude" (including non-Israelites) joined the Israelites when they left Egypt - [indeed, they were accepted by Moses as an integral part of the people]. Once individuals undergo formal conversion to Judaism, however, Jewish tradition regards them as fully equal members of the people—no distinction is made between born Jews and righteous converts, who are considered part of the same unified nation.

==Neo-Nazi Issa Nakhleh==
[[File:Palestine Arab Neo-Nazi alliance by Issa Nakhkeh denies Holocaust in 1972.jpg|thumb|Palestine Arab Neo-Nazi alliance by Issa Nakhleh denies Holocaust in 1972]]

[[Issa Nakhleh]] (1915–2003), who, as the ''Falastin'' correspondent in London,<ref>[https://www.nli.org.il/en/newspapers/pls/1938/01/14/01/article/7/ The Palestine Post, 14 January 1938, p. 2] "A Gliding Policy."</ref> had defended an Arab propaganda center in Nazi Germany (in 1939)<ref>[https://www.nli.org.il/en/newspapers/pls/1939/07/13/01/article/84 The Palestine Post, 13 July 1939, p. 6]. "The 'Settlement' in Palestine A Triumph For The 'Axis' "</ref>, was one of the infamous ex-Mufti al-Husseini's henchmen (1946) at the ''[[Arab Higher Committee]]''<ref>The Nation.(1947).United States:J.H. Richards, [https://books.google.com/books?id=2qvzeqji9kEC&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Nakhleh p. 561]. May 17, 1947.
"The Mufti's Henchmen" -"A Who's Who"</ref>; he pioneered Nazi comparisons and even made Nazi atrocities "less" bad (June 1949).<ref>I. Nakhleh ''Memorandum'' to the UN June-17-1949.</ref> Nakhleh praised the [[Nazi]] regime (1950s),<ref>Anti-Jewish Activities of the Arabs in Argentine - ''DAIA'', 1958. pp.18-9.
[https://www.bjpa.org/content/upload/bjpa/anti/ANTI-JEWISH%20ACTIVITIES%20OF%20THE%20ARABS%20IN%20ARGENTINE%20APRIL%201958.pdf].
{{quotebox|There he publishes 'America y Oriente' from November 20, 1952, "known for its systematical anti-jewish campaign and its glorification of the totalitarian regimes, particularly of the nazi Germany.}}</ref> as he was weaving "a network of connections with.. the movements of the nationalist right, and with German immigrants nostalgic for the days of the Third Reich"<ref>Rein,R.(2022).[https://books.google.com/books?id=Knh3EAAAQBAJ&pg=PT140 Jewish Self-Defense in South America: Facing Anti-Semitism with a Club in Hand].United Kingdom:Taylor & Francis</ref>; had denied the Holocaust: May-1970,<ref>(1970)"Anti‐Zionists" and antisemites,Patterns of Prejudice,4:4,28,DOI:10.1080/0031322X.1970.9968931
[https://www.tandfonline.com/action/showCitFormats?doi=10.1080%2F0031322X.1970.9968931]</ref> [also recycling [[Hitler]]'s talking points], Nov-1972 (- some 27 years only after the [[Holocaust]] - he dared state in public, at the [[UN]], that the millions are "alive").<ref>The Times from San Mateo, November 14, 1972, [https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/52360169/ p 10].{{quotebox|Arab Says Hitler Didn't Kill Jews.... Issa Nakhleh, head of the so called "Palestine Arab Delegation." addressed the General Assembly's special political committee...}}</ref><ref>National Lampoon.(1973).United States:(n.p.), [https://books.google.com/books?id=wk0oAQAAMAAJ&q=issa+nakhleh+hitler p. 18]</ref><ref>Jewish Observer and Middle East Review, vol. 21, William Samuel & Company Limited, 1972, [https://books.google.com/books?id=4AENAQAAMAAJ&q=%22NAZI%20EXTERMINATION%22 p. 7]</ref>
At the time, he again promoted the Khazar myth.<ref>B'nai B'rith Messenger, 17 November 1972, [https://www.nli.org.il/en/newspapers/bbh/1972/11/17/01/article/204 p. 34]. "Behind The Scenes".</ref>

He continued Holocaust denial in September 1978, sending his Memorandum to [[Jimmy Carter]] and Anwar Sadat not to make peace - ''Camp David'',<ref>Dalin,D.(2017).Icon of Evil: Hitler's Mufti and the Rise of Radical Islam.United Kingdom:Taylor & Francis.
[https://books.google.com/books?id=dUz4AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA120#v=onepage&q&f=false p. 120]</ref> and in 1981,<ref name=spectator/> and 1982;<ref name=nizkor/><ref>Manor,Y.(1984).Anti-Zionism.Israel:Department of Information, World Zionist Organization, p. 20.
[https://books.google.com/books?id=O71tAAAAMAAJ&q=issa%20nakhleh%20hitler]
{{quotebox|...also the telegram sent by Issa Nakhleh, President of the Palestinian Arab Delegation to the United Nations and Judicial Adviser to the World Muslim Congress, to the Attorney-General of Stockholm...}}</ref> he had been working with [[neo-Nazis]] for decades (1963–1984).<ref>Nadeau,J.(2011).The Canadian Fuhrer: The Life of Adrien Arcand.Canada:James Lorimer Limited, Publishers, [https://books.google.com/books?id=D630umvXNKoC&pg=PA351 p. 351]</ref>
<ref>(1979)National front reverse,Patterns of Prejudice,13:2,26-27,DOI:10.1080/0031322X.1979.9969498
[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0031322X.1979.9969498]
"Swedish authorities’ action."
'... veteran Palestine antisemite, Issa Nakhleh...}}</ref><ref name=spectator>The American Spectator.(1986).United States:American Spectator,
[https://books.google.com/books?id=hPUSAQAAMAAJ&dq=&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Nakhleh p. 20].{{quotebox|Muslim Congress's representatives at the symposium was Issa Nakhleh, an attorney who has served as U.N. Observer ... The Six Million Reconsidered attempts to prove that the Holocaust never occurred; Antizion, a compendium of anti-Semitic writing, includes a description of Hitler as a "twentieth century statesman" ... and with the racist West Coast group, Western Front. In 1981 Nakhleh spoke at the Third Annual Convention of the Institute for Historical Review...}}</ref><ref name=nizkor>
[http://www.nizkor.com/ftp.cgi?orgs/american/ihr//nakhleh The Nizkor Project].
{{quotebox|One participant of the 1982 conference was Issa Nakhleh, head of the Palestine Arab Delegation, an extremist pro-PLO group originally formed by the notorious Grand Mufti of Jerusalem who broadcast from Nazi Germany to the Arabs in the Middle East. In the US, Nakhleh has associated in recent years with Western Front, an antisemitic organisation.}}</ref><ref>
[https://www.nli.org.il/en/newspapers/austjewishtimes/1983/04/07/01/article/50 The Australian Jewish Times, 7 April 1983].
"Whitewashing Hitler"
"Neo-Nazi Attempts to Rewrite History"
[https://www.nli.org.il/en/newspapers/ajnm/1983/01/07/01/article/73 The Australian Jewish News (Melbourne), 7 January 1983]</ref><ref>Seidel,G.(1986).The Holocaust denial : antisemitism, racism & the new right.United Kingdom:Beyond the Pale Collective,
[https://books.google.com/books?id=VMksAQAAIAAJ&q=%22the+previous+year+the+conference+had+been+addressed+by+Mr%C2%A0Issah+Nakhleh%22 p. 28]
{{quotebox|The Holocaust Denial...
TheIHR, in advertising cassettes of its 1982 Conference proceedingsoffers recordings of the speech given by"Mr.Hadawi, a Palestinian with a long and illustrious diplomatic career. The previous year the conference had been addressed by Mr Issah Nakhleh, who describes himself as "Legal Adviser to the World Muslim Conference". In 1982, when the Swedish Holocaust- denier, Ditlieb Felderer, was convicted of defaming the Jews, Nakhleh sent at telegram of protest to the Swedish District Attorney.}}</ref>

He had rationalized Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany (1972).<ref>Near East Report.(1972).United States:Near East Research, Incorporated, [https://books.google.com/books?id=wEoiAQAAMAAJ&q=nakhleh p. 139] {{quotebox|you Jews...}}</ref>

It was this Issa Nakhleh who, in 1961, announced his (renewal org. under title) ''PAD'' - ''Palestine Arab Delegation.''<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=magcAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA5 The Canadian Jewish Chronicle, Aug 4, 1961, p. 5]. "Israel At the United Nations."
By Saul Carson.</ref>
By then, he disseminated to U.N. delegations a formal statement of the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem declaring: "The enmity of Nazis to Jews was based" on supposed "research." In August 1961, it adopted the anti-Semitic canard of the Khazar.<ref>"Nasser's Anti-Jewish Propaganda."
Publication Date:July 8, 1965
[https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/document/cia-rdp67b00446r000400170011-8 CIA]
{{quotebox|October 1961: The Palestine Arab Delegation sent to all U.N. delegations a formal statement of the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem declaring: "The enmity of Nazis to Jews was based on (supposed) well-documented[sic] research [sic] and studies" which showed that the Jews were "a strong factor" in bringing about the defeat of Germany in World War I and dominated[sic] the "political, economic, and professional life of Germany."
August 1, 1961: "The Crescent and the Cross," newsletter of the Palestine Arab Delegation, adopted the anti-Semitic canard of the Khazar...}}</ref> - Thus making propaganda history of a non-history canard.
==God's exclusion of Ishmael, Arabs from the land of Israel==
In Genesis 21:13, God assures Abraham that the covenant promises will be established specifically through Isaac and his descendants.

==See also==
'Are Jews Indigenous to Israel? | Explained.'
''Unpacked''. Jul 24, 2024:<blockquote>
Israel, a land of ancient heritage and diverse cultures, is deeply intertwined with Jewish identity. Along with ancient biblical narratives and modern archaeological discoveries, Yirmiyahu Danzig delves into his own family’s history to uncover the profound historical connection all Jews have with Israel, no matter where their families 'come from.'</blockquote>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZV5ddewYMok YouTube].

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Antisemitism]]
[[Category:Pseudohistory]]
[[Category:Ethnic groups]]
[[Category:Racism]]
[[Category:Ethnicities]]
[[Category:Asia]]
[[Category:Europe]]

Dominion Voting Systems

2026-10-13T22:21:07Z

RoadtoEmmaus: Remove extra comma after closing quotation mark

[[File:Dominion logo.png|right|350px|thumb|Dominion Voting Systems logo: Red ballots in, Blue ballots out.]]
'''Dominion Voting Systems''' is a company that sells voting hardware and software and is headquartered in Toronto, Ontario and Denver, Colorado.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20201120113520/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-11-17/trump-s-election-attacks-put-voting-tech-firm-in-the-crosshairs </ref> Dominion was founded in 2004 in [[Venezuela]] to rig elections for the [[dictator]] [[Hugo Chavez]] and later [[Nicolas Maduro]]. The software has been used by the [[CIA]] to rig elections in [[Eastern Europe]]. Dominion acquired the vote-rigging software when it purchased Sequoia Voting Systems from [[Smartmatic]],<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xtGEBRRAC50</ref> which originally developed the software, and signed a non-competition agreement.<ref>[https://thenationalpulse.com/news/dominion-smartmatic-are-not-actually-competitors/ Dominion/Smartmatic ‘Noncompete’ Agreement Emerges Despite Claims Of Being ‘Fierce Competitors’], Natalie Winters, ''National Pulse'', November 21, 2020.</ref>

All Dominion machines include a “weighted race feature” to fractionalize votes whose only purpose is to cheat in elections.<ref>https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2020/11/dominion-voting-machines-include-weighted-race-feature-whose-purpose-cheat-elections-contacted-dominion-not-get-response/</ref> For example, the machine can be set to count a vote for Donald Trump as 0.7 of a vote while counting a vote for Joe Biden as 1.25 of a vote.<ref>https://youtu.be/7TLm0D9qvXA</ref>

As of 2020, the equipment is used in 30 states in the [[United States]]. In the [[United States presidential election, 2020|2020 presidential election]], Dominion Voting Systems deleted 2.7 million votes for incumbent [[President Donald Trump]] nationwide. Data analysis found the voting systems switched 221,000 votes in [[Pennsylvania]] from President Trump to his rival, [[Democratic party|Democrat]] challenger former [[Vice President Joe Biden]]. 941,000 Trump votes were deleted. Other states using Dominion switched 435,000 votes from President Trump to Joe Biden, although liberals like to dispute it despite lots of evidence proving it did.<ref>https://thenewamerican.com/potus-dominion-voting-system-deleted-2-7-million-trump-votes/</ref> As suspicions arose, Dominion shuttered their [[Toronto]] and [[Denver]] offices, refused to testify before a Pennsylvania House committee,<ref>https://www.theepochtimes.com/dominion-cancels-planned-appearance-before-pennsylvania-lawmakers_3587425.html</ref> and at least 100 Dominion employees deleted their LinkedIn profiles.<ref>https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2020/11/since-election-day-100-243-dominion-employees-linkedin-deleted-profiles/</ref><ref>https://gellerreport.com/2020/11/dominion-radicals-screenshots-of-their-scrubbed-linkedin-accounts.html/</ref> Dominion, a foreign corporation conducting American elections, issued a statement saying it was ‘not shuttering its offices’ and that ‘employees have been encouraged to work remotely and protect their social media profiles due to persistent harassment and threats against personal safety.’<ref>https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2020/11/24/fact-check-false-claim-voting-software-companies-have-closed/6393155002/ </ref> 'Working remotely' to conduct election rigging and interference is one of the allegations charged against Dominion machines.

In December 2020 a class action lawsuit on behalf of voters was filed against Dominion and other parties.<ref>https://dominionclassaction.com/m/login?r=%2Fhow-to-join</ref> The lawsuit was dismissed on November 22, 2021.<ref>https://bloximages.newyork1.vip.townnews.com/coloradopolitics.com/content/tncms/assets/v3/editorial/6/1c/61cb3194-4c0f-11ec-98ca-173de4a6304a/619c635f83d11.pdf.pdf</ref> The attorneys who filed the lawsuit were ordered to pay fees for those involved.<ref>https://www.coloradopolitics.com/courts/federal-judge-tells-lawyers-to-pay-up-in-dominion-voter-fraud-case/article_cdad92ee-4c0a-11ec-8359-f3aa5a763f47.html </ref><ref>https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USCOURTS-cod-1_20-cv-03747/context</ref> An appeal of this decision is pending.<ref>https://dominionclassaction.com/</ref>

==Lawsuits Filed By Dominion<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/alisondurkee/2022/01/18/after-lawsuit-against-mypillow-ceo-mike-lindell-heres-who-dominion-and-smartmatic-have-sued-so-far-and-who-could-be-next/?sh=2350f0b612f6</ref> ==
Dominion sued [[OANN]] and anchors Chanel Rion and Christina Bobb in federal court and [[Newsmax]] in [[Delaware]] state court in August, alleging the two networks promoted fraud allegations on their networks knowing they were false.

Dominion sued former [[Overstock]] [[CEO]] [[Patrick Byrne]], alleging the businessman manufactured and promoted fake evidence to convince the world that the 2020 election had been stolen using Dominion voting machines.

Dominion filed its first lawsuit in January against pro-Trump attorney [[Sidney Powell]], who has been the most prominent person spreading the fraud claims, seeking $1.3 billion in damages.

Dominion filed suit against Trump attorney [[Rudy Giuliani]], alleging he used the conspiracy theory about Dominion’s machines to personally enrich himself while knowing the claims were false.

Dominion made similar allegations against [[Mike Lindell]], suing the businessman and his company in February and claiming the CEO sells the lie involving the company’s voting machines because the lie sells pillows.

Dominion sued [[Fox News]] in March alleging the network had knowingly spread false news about its machines to improve failing ratings, saying they had “set out to lure viewers back...by intentionally and falsely blaming Dominion” for President Donald Trump’s loss. Dominion settled its defamation lawsuit against Fox News on April 18, 2023, shortly before witness testimony was to start. Dominion’s lead attorney said at a news conference the settlement will pay the voting machine company $787.5 million. Dominion originally sued Fox for $1.6 billion in March 2021 for defamation, alleging the network pushed 2020 election fraud claims involving the company’s voting machines despite knowing they were false for financial gain. The judge presiding over the case had previously issued a summary judgment ruling that found Fox’s on-air claims about Dominion were false, but the trial was set to determine whether Fox had acted with “actual malice”.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/alisondurkee/2023/04/18/fox-news-settles-dominion-defamation-case-for-7875-million-dominion-lawyer-says/?sh=2246b7291509</ref>

Dominion has identified more than 150 people as potential targets of litigation, and has sent letters to preserve evidence and warning of potential [[litigation]] to right-wing figures, including pro-Trump attorney [[Lin Wood]], Fox News anchors and Melissa Carone. The company sent letters to social media networks in [[February]] asking them to preserve posts from Trump and his campaign, as well as from Trump allies including former Trump advisor [[Michael Flynn]], Fox anchor [[Jeanine Pirro]], Trump campaign attorney Jenna Ellis and political commentator [[Dan Bongino]].

==Foreign actors==
[[File:Biden Putsch.png|right|350px|thumb]]
Dominion Voting Systems is a Canadian-owned company with global subsidiaries. It is owned by Staple Street Capital which is in turn owned by UBS Securities LLC, of which 3 of its 7 board members are Chinese nationals. The Dominion software is licensed from Smartmatic which is a Venezuelan-owned and controlled company. Dominion server locations have been determined to be in Serbia, Canada, the U.S., Spain, and Germany.

[[NBC News]] reported in December 2019,
{{quotebox-float|"Chinese manufacturers can be forced to cooperate with requests from Chinese intelligence officials to share any information about the technology and therefore pose a risk for U.S. companies, NBC News analyst Frank Figliuzzi, a former assistant director of the FBI for counterintelligence, said. That could include intellectual property, such as source code, materials or blueprints. There is also the concern of machines shipped with undetected vulnerabilities or backdoors that could allow tampering."<ref>https://www.nbcnews.com/news/all/chinese-parts-hidden-ownership-growing-scrutiny-inside-america-s-biggest-n1104516</ref>}}

In January 2020 Dominion [[CEO]] John Poulos testified before Congress that Dominion machines are composed of parts manufactured in China from "screen on the interface down to the chip component level." Under questioning from Democratic Congresswoman [[Zoe Lofgren]], Poulos claimed, "there’s no option for manufacturing of those in the United States."<ref>https://thenationalpulse.com/news/dominion-uses-chinese-parts/</ref> The [[Chinese Communist Party]] endorsed [[Joe Biden]] for president in the 2020 presidential election.<ref>https://www.businessinsider.com/us-intelligence-china-biden-russia-trump-election-2020-8</ref><ref>https://www.globaltimes.cn/content/1198289.shtml</ref>

On Oct. 8, 2020, Staple Street Capital filed [[SEC]] Form D offerings and sales amount of $400,000,000 with the Sales Compensation Recipient identified as UBS Securities. An earlier payment of $200,000,000 was received in December 2014. UBS Securities is a [[Swiss]] investment bank which owns 24.99% of UBS Securities Co LTD, a Chinese investment bank. The remaining 75% of UBS Securities CO LTD is owned by the Chinese government.<ref>https://www.investmentwatchblog.com/parent-company-of-dominion-received-400-million-from-a-chinese-investment-bank-in-switzerland/</ref>

Sworn testimony by an analyst of the 305th Military Intelligence about the 2020 presidential election reads,
{{quotebox-float|"this affidavit presents unambiguous evidence that Dominion Voter Systems and Edison Research have been accessible and were certainly compromised by rogue actors, such as [[Iran]] and [[PRC|China]]. By using servers and employees connected with rogue actors and hostile foreign influences combined with numerous easily discoverable leaked credentials, these organizations neglectfully allowed foreign adversaries to access data and intentionally provided access to their infrastructure in order to monitor and manipulate elections, including the most recent one in 2020. This represents a complete failure of their duty to provide basic cyber security. This is not a technological issue, but rather a governance and basic security issue: if it is not corrected, future elections in the United States and beyond will not be secure and citizens will not have confidence in the results."}}
Cyber sleuths scanned Dominion network nodes and found a number of interrelationships with foreign entities, including access to Dominion’s server by a network from Hunan, China. Another forensic review confirmed links to an Iranian IP address, the analyst wrote, and concluded that the totality of “these scanning behaviors showed that foreign agents of aggressor nations had access to US voter lists, and had done so recently.”<ref>https://www.dickmorris.com/china-linked-bank-paid-dominion-400-million-four-weeks-before-the-election/</ref>

According to Gen. [[Tom McInerney]], servers were seized in [[Frankfurt, Germany]],<ref>https://youtu.be/30N5MVzJXJc</ref> where [[fraud]]ulent votes were being cooked up for [[Joe Biden]] during and after the [[2020 presidential election]]. The covert facility where these servers were being housed is run by the [[CIA]], and it is where elections all over the world are monitored and “cooked” to produce predetermined outcomes.<ref>https://nationalfile.com/the-kraken-retired-general-says-us-military-intel-group-nicknamed-kraken-seized-dominion-servers-in-germany/</ref>

===Vulnerabilities===
Dominion was rejected by the [[Texas]] [[Secretary of State]] for use in elections in 2013 and 2019 over a plethora of issues which led to its failure of basic tests for reliability and accuracy. Per a comprehensive report from 2019, the Texas [[Attorney General]]'s office recommended that “certification should be denied.”<ref>https://thenationalpulse.com/news/dominion-voting-system-flag/</ref>

A 2017 [[California]] Secretary of State staff review of Dominion's Democracy Suite system reported the machines were easily hackable. The review found security vulnerabilities that required management through control measures within the tabulation locations. One of these was that the ImageCast X (ICX) system runs on an [[Android]] tablet with no form of anti-virus protection, which must be handled by locking the ICX ports with a metal cover to prevent introduction of malicious software. The review identified five instances of vulnerable SQL statements inside private functions of the ImageCast Evolution (ICE) system which could be accessed by a knowledgeable insider. Additionally, the ICX device automatically loads data or software from an inserted USB drive, reading it as an .exe file.<ref>https://votingsystems.cdn.sos.ca.gov/vendors/dominion/ds52-staffreport.pdf</ref>

In February 2020, [[PBS]] noted that Dominion Voting Systems is a type of system that registers votes in bar codes that the human eye cannot read. The news source quotes researchers as saying: "Voters could end up with printouts that accurately spell out the names of the candidates they picked, but, because of a hack, the bar codes do not reflect those choices. Because the bar codes are what’s tabulated, voters would never know that their ballots benefited another candidate."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/reliability-of-pricey-new-voting-machines-questioned|author=Bajak, Frank - [[Associated Press]]|title=Reliability of pricey new voting machines questioned|date=23 February 2020|accessdate=24 November 2020}}</ref>

''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' reported that in 2005 a concerned [[Florida]] election supervisor engaged a data-security expert to check the vulnerability of a Dominion Voting Machine. The expert hacked in, and by changing a few lines of code on the machine’s memory card, changed the results of a mock election. Although Dominion later insisted the vulnerabilities were fixed, the same expert said the fixes were insufficient.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/why-a-data-security-expert-fears-u-s-voting-will-be-hacked-11587747159|publisher=Wall Street Journal|title=Why a Data-Security Expert Fears U.S. Voting Will Be Hacked|author=Wolfe, Alexandra|date=24 April 2020|accessdate=24 November 2020}}</ref>

All Dominion voting machines are connected to servers, including in foreign countries, using SolarWinds software. SolarWinds software links computer servers and devices (like voting machines) together and is used by numerous U.S. and state government agencies and large corporations.<ref>https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2020/12/dominion-voting-machines-trying-hide-relationship-solar-winds/</ref>

==Election rigging==

[[PBS NewsHour]] reported on the problems with Dominion Voting Systems one week before the 2020 presidential election.<ref>https://twitter.com/kylenabecker/status/1327329411805421570</ref>
[[File:Dominion-states-522x600.jpg|right|200px|thumb|Dominion election equipment with Chinese components used in 28 states.<ref>https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2020/11/huge-corrupted-software-used-michigan-county-stole-6000-votes-trump-also-used-swing-states-uses-chinese-computer-parts-machines/</ref>]]
An eyewitness testified in a sworn affidavit,
{{quotebox-float|"the software and fundamental design of the electronic electoral system and software of Dominion and other election tabulating companies relies upon software that is a descendant of the Smartmatic Electoral Management System. In short, the Smartmatic software is in the DNA of every vote tabulating company’s software and system.

22. Dominion is one of three major companies that tabulates votes in the United States. Dominion uses the same methods and fundamentally same
software design for the storage, transfer and computation of voter identification data and voting data. Dominion and Smartmatic did business together. The software, hardware and system have the same fundamental flaws which allow multiple opportunities to corrupt the data and mask the process in a way that the average person cannot detect any fraud or manipulation. The fact that the voting machine displays a voting result that the voter intends and then prints out a paper ballot which reflects that change does not matter. It is the software that counts the digitized vote and reports the results. The software itself is the one that changes the information electronically to the result that the operator of the software and vote counting system intends to produce that counts. That’s how it is done. So the software, the software itself configures the vote and voting result -- changing the selection made by the voter. The software decides the result regardless of what the voter votes."<ref>https://www.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.gand.283580/gov.uscourts.gand.283580.6.14.pdf</ref>}}
Expert Navid Keshavarz-Nia<ref>https://cybersummitusa.com/2017/06/navid-nia/</ref> explains that US intelligence services had developed tools to infiltrate foreign voting systems including Dominion. He states that Dominion’s software is vulnerable to data manipulation by unauthorized means and permitted election data to be altered in all battleground states.<ref>https://www.scribd.com/document/486105599/Affidavit-of-Dr-Navid-Keshavarz-Nia-Phd</ref> He concludes that hundreds of thousands of votes that were cast for President Trump in the 2020 general election were transferred to former Vice President Biden. The chairman of the [[Federal Election Commission]], Trey Trainor, said there was voter fraud in key states. “The massive amounts of affidavits that we see in these cases show that there was in fact fraud that took place.”<ref>https://justthenews.com/politics-policy/elections/federal-election-commission-chairman-trump-campaign-bringing-legitimate</ref>

The design and features of the Dominion software do not permit a simple audit to reveal its misallocation, redistribution, or deletion of votes. First, the system's central accumulator does not include a protected real-time audit log that maintains the date and time stamps of all significant election events. Key components of the system utilize unprotected logs. Essentially this allows an unauthorized user the opportunity to arbitrarily add, modify, or remove log entries, causing the machine to log election events that do not reflect actual voting tabulations—or more specifically, do not reflect the actual votes of or the will of the people.

After allegations emerged that called into question the integrity of voting machines produced by Dominion Voting Systems, the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA)—part of the [[Department of Homeland Security]]—issued a statement on November 12, 2020 disputing the allegations, saying “the November 3rd election was the most secure in American history.”. What the agency failed to disclose, however, is that Dominion Voting Systems is a member of CISA’s Election Infrastructure Sector Coordinating Council, one of two entities that authored the statement put out by CISA.<ref>https://www.trevorloudon.com/2020/11/dominion-smartmatic-it-is-a-mess-here-are-some-top-details/</ref>

Within two weeks after the vote rigging and [[election fraud]] was exposed, Dominion shuttered their [[Toronto]] and [[Denver]] offices, refused to testify before a Pennsylvania House committee,<ref>https://www.theepochtimes.com/dominion-cancels-planned-appearance-before-pennsylvania-lawmakers_3587425.html</ref> and at least 100 Dominion employees deleted their LinkedIn profiles.<ref>https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2020/11/since-election-day-100-243-dominion-employees-linkedin-deleted-profiles/</ref>

===Connected to the internet===
''Vice News'' reported in a piece entitled, ''Critical U.S. Election Systems Have Been Left Exposed Online Despite Official Denials'', researchers found voting systems have been connected to the internet possibly for years, including in some swing states.
{{quotebox-float|"A document for modem transmissions from voting machines made by Dominion Voting Systems—another top voting machine company in the country—similarly discusses TCP-IP and SSL, both protocols used for internet traffic."<ref>https://www.vice.com/en/article/3kxzk9/exclusive-critical-us-election-systems-have-been-left-exposed-online-despite-official-denials</ref>}}

===2020 Presidential election===
Dominion Voting Systems is used in 28 states. In [[Pennsylvania]], a ‘glitch’ was uncovered where nearly 20,000 votes were moved from President Trump to Biden.<ref>https://youtu.be/1mrWY3UYL88</ref> In [[Wisconsin]], 10,000 votes were moved from President Trump to Biden in Rock County.<ref>http://freedomdailypress.com/2020/11/10/breaking-exclusive-system-glitch-also-uncovered-in-wisconsin-reversal-of-19032-votes-removes-lead-from-joe-bid</ref><ref>https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2020/11/tgps-joe-hoft-steve-bannons-war-room-10-et-americasvoice-news-tv-discuss-recent-wisconsin-finding/</ref>

====Michigan====
:{{See also|Michigan election fraud}}
[[File:Antrim County.png|right|350px|thumb|Vote switching in Antrim County, MI.<ref>https://www.9and10news.com/content/uploads/2020/12/Antrim_Michigan_Forensics_Report_121320_v2_REDACTED.pdf</ref>]]
A supposed 'glitch' in software used to tabulate ballots in Antrim County, [[Michigan]], caused [[Republican]] votes to be counted as Democrat. The switch was first reported by a county clerk. A short investigation revealed that 47 counties in Michigan also suffered from a similar alleged 'glitch' with the same software, which caused some red counties to rake in a higher number of Democrat votes than usual. State GOP chair Laura Cox reported,<ref>https://thefederalist.com/2020/11/06/software-glitch-in-michigan-county-tallied-6000-republican-votes-as-democrat/</ref>
{{quotebox-float|“Antrim County had to hand count all of the ballots, and these counties that use the software need to closely examine their results for similar discrepancies. The people of Michigan deserve a transparent and open process.”}}
Another example was uncovered in Oakland County, Michigan, where again a Republican won his race as a result of the alleged 'glitch' being reversed. An independent forensic audit of Dominion’s machines concluded:
{{quotebox-float|"the Dominion Voting System is intentionally and purposefully designed with inherent errors to create systemic fraud and influence election results. The system intentionally generates an enormously high number of ballot errors. The electronic ballots are then transferred for adjudication. The intentional errors lead to bulk adjudication of ballots with no oversight, no transparency, and no audit trail.... The allowable election error rate established by the [[Federal Election Commission]] guidelines is of 1 in 250,000 ballots (.0008%). We observed an error rate of 68.05%. This demonstrated a significant and fatal error in security and election integrity....These are not human errors; this is definitively related to the software and software configurations resulting in error rates far beyond the thresholds listed in the guidelines....It is critical to understand that the Dominion system classifies ballots into two categories, 1) normal ballots and 2) adjudicated ballots. Ballots sent to adjudication can be altered by administrators, and adjudication files can be moved between different Results Tally and Reporting (RTR) terminals with no audit trail of which administrator actually adjudicates (i.e. votes) the ballot batch. This demonstrated a significant and fatal error in security and election integrity because it provides no meaningful observation of the adjudication process or audit trail of which administrator actually adjudicated the ballots.<ref>https://www.depernolaw.com/uploads/2/7/0/2/27029178/antrim_michigan_forensics_report_[121320]_v2_[redacted].pdf</ref>}}

====Georgia====
:{{See also|Georgia election fraud}}
On October 11, 2020, three weeks before the 2020 presidential election, Judge Amy Totenberg of the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Georgia wrote an opinion in ''Curling v. Raffensperger'' citing a risk of "stealth vote alteration or operational interference" in touchscreen voting devices sold by Dominion Voting Systems if they are not properly audited. Those risks "are neither hypothetical nor remote under the current circumstances," Totenberg wrote, adding that the machines can "deprive voters of their cast votes" by storing data in unverified digital QR codes, making any potential manipulation invisible to voters "at least until any portions of the system implode because of system breach, breakdown, or crashes."<ref>https://casetext.com/case/curling-v-raffensperger-3</ref>

According to [[CNN]],<ref>https://www.cnn.com/politics/live-news/trump-biden-election-results-11-06-20/h_cea5da87d01a2365d79863c9912d5c64</ref>
{{quotebox|"Gwinnett County, [[Georgia]], an [[Atlanta]] suburb, has faced a day-long delay in reporting a crucial batch of votes due to a technical problem as the presidential race in the state hangs in the balance.

At around 5 p.m. ET Friday [Novemeber 6, 2020], Gwinnett County was finally able to upload about 4,000 outstanding absentee-by-mail ballots, as well as re-run roughly 460 early voting ballots that had to be transferred from a "bad data card," Gwinnett County spokesperson Joe Sorensen told [[CNN]].

Originally, the county had hoped to upload these results at 8 a.m. ET; however, there was a technical issue with the Dominion system used to upload to the Georgia Secretary of State's office, Sorenson said. Gwinnett County says the blame for the delay falls solely on Dominion Voting Systems."}}
Two Georgia counties had to extend their voting deadlines to accommodate for delays produced by a last-minute software update. This was called “unprecedented” by local election officials. According to ''[[Politico]]:''
{{quotebox|"Voters were unable to cast machine ballots for a couple of hours in Morgan and Spalding counties after the electronic devices crashed, state officials said. In response to the delays, Superior Court Judge W. Fletcher Sams extended voting until 11 p.m. The counties use voting machines made by Dominion Voting Systems and electronic poll books — used to sign in voters — made by KnowInk.

The companies “uploaded something last night, which is not normal, and it caused a glitch,” said Marcia Ridley, elections supervisor at Spalding County Board of Election. That glitch prevented pollworkers from using the pollbooks to program smart cards that the voters insert into the voting machines.

Ridley said that a representative from the two companies called her after poll workers began having problems with the equipment Tuesday morning and said the problem was due to an upload to the machines by one of their technicians overnight."<ref>https://noqreport.com/2020/11/06/dominion-voting-systems-the-company-at-the-center-of-michigan-and-georgia-voting-glitches/</ref>}}

===2020 Georgia primary===
{{Image Thumbnail right|File:Raffensperger2.png|200px|Raffensperger}}
:{{See also|2020 Democrat primaries#Dominion Election Systems}}
Georgia Secretary of State, [[Brad Raffensperger]], announced the state’s purchase of a $106 million election system from Dominion Voting Systems in July 2019. In a lawsuit, which originated in 2017, critics contend that the new system was subject to many of the same security vulnerabilities as the one it was replacing.

In an October 11, 2020 order, just weeks prior to the 2020 presidential election, U.S. District Judge Amy Totenberg agreed with the concerns associated with the new Dominion voting system, writing that the case presented “serious system security vulnerability and operational issues that may place Plaintiffs and other voters at risk of deprivation of their fundamental right to cast an effective vote that is accurately counted.”

“The Court’s Order has delved deep into the true risks posed by the new BMD voting system as well as its manner of implementation. These risks are neither hypothetical nor remote under the current circumstances,”, Judge Totenberg wrote in her order.

Jeff Carlson of ''[[The Epoch Times]]'' reported the findings of Harri Hursti, an acknowledged expert on electronic voting security. Hursti provided a first-hand description of problems during the June 9, 2020 statewide primary election and runoff elections on August 11, 2020. Hursti summarized his findings:
*“The scanner and tabulation [[software]] settings being employed to determine which votes to count on hand marked paper ballots are likely causing clearly intentioned votes not to be counted”
*“The voting system is being operated in Fulton County in a manner that escalates the security risk to an extreme level.”
*“Voters are not reviewing their BMD [Ballot Marking Devices] printed ballots, which causes BMD generated results to be un-auditable due to the untrustworthy audit trail.”
[[File:Shaya Moss.png|right|300px|thumb|Shaya Moss, the Fulton County Georgia supervisor of registration, stuffed the ballot box with tens of thousands of votes for Joe Biden on the night of November 3, 2020 and in the early morning hours after.<ref>https://youtu.be/NCgSFoD0bK0</ref>]]
During the runoff elections, on the night of August 11, 2020, Hursti was present at the Fulton County Election Preparation Center to observe the “upload of the memory devices coming in from the precincts to the [[Dominion Election Management System]] [EMS] server.”. During this observation, Hursti noted that “system problems were recurring and the Dominion technicians operating the system were struggling with the upload process.”

Hursti also noted that it appeared that Dominion personnel were the only ones with knowledge of, and access to, the Dominion server. As Hursti stated in his declaration, “In my conversations with Derrick Gilstrap and other Fulton County Elections Department EPC personnel, they professed to have limited knowledge of or control over the EMS server and its operations.”.

Hursti noted that this wholesale outsourcing of the operation of voting equipment to the vendor’s personnel was “highly unusual in my experience and of grave concern from a security and conflict of interest perspective.”. Hursti referred to Dominion’s onsite operation and access as “an elevated risk factor.”.

Hursti also noted that the Dell computers running the Dominion server appeared not to have been “hardened”—the process of “securing a system by reducing its surface of vulnerability.”. Hursti said that he found it “unacceptable for an EMS server not to have been hardened prior to installation.”.

Hursti observed that computers used in Georgia’s system for vote processing appeared to have “home/small business companion software packages” on them. This raised areas of significant concern for Hursti as he noted: “[O]ne of the first procedures of hardening is removal of all unwanted software, and removal of those game icons and the associated games and installers alongside with all other software which is not absolutely needed in the computer for election processing purposes would be one of the first and most basic steps in the hardening process. In my professional opinion, independent inquiry should be promptly made of all 159 counties to determine if the Dominion systems statewide share this major deficiency.”

Hursti discovered that one of the computers had an icon for a 2017 computer game called “Homescapes”, which Hursti noted called into question whether “all Georgia Dominion system computers have the same operating system version, or how the game has come to be having a presence in Fulton’s Dominion voting system.”.

Hursti also found a troubling blend of old and new equipment which carried additional security risks due to a lack of patch updates: “Although this Dominion voting system is new to Georgia, the Windows 10 operating system of at least the ‘main’ computer in the rack has not been updated for 4 years and carries a wide range of well-known and publicly disclosed vulnerabilities.”

Hursti noted that the lack of “hardening” created security risks even for computers that were not connected to the internet. He observed that when flash drives were connected to the server, the “media was automounted by the operating system. When the operating system is automounting a storage media, the operating system starts automatically to interact with the device.”.

Hursti noted that the management of Fulton County’s EMS server appeared to be an “ad hoc operation with no formalized process.”. This seemed particularly apparent in relation to the process of storage media coming in from various precincts throughout the night: “This kind of operation i[s] naturally prone to human errors. I observed personnel calling on the floor asking if all vote carrying compact flash cards had been delivered from the early voting machines for processing, followed by later finding additional cards which had been overlooked in apparent human error. Later, I heard again one technician calling on the floor asking if all vote carrying compact flashes had been delivered. This clearly demonstrates lack of inventory management which should be in place to ensure, among other things, that no rogue storage devices would be inserted into the computer. In response, 3 more compact flash cards were hand-delivered. Less than 5 minutes later, I heard one of the county workers say that additional card was found and was delivered for processing. All these devices were trusted by printed label only and no comparison to an inventory list of any kind was performed.”

Hursti also observed that “operations were repeatedly performed directly on the operating system.”. The election software has no visibility into the operations of the operating system, which creates additional auditing problems, and as Hursti noted, “Unless the system is configured properly to collect file system auditing data is not complete. As the system appears not to be hardened, it is unlikely that the operating system has been configured to collect auditing data.”.

====Remote access====

Raising even greater concerns was the apparent “complete access” that Dominion personnel appeared to have into the computer system. Hursti observed Dominion technicians troubleshooting error messages with a “trial-and-error” approach which included access into the “Computer Management” application, indicating complete access in Hursti’s opinion.

As he stated in his declaration, “This means there are no meaningful access separation and privileges and roles controls protecting the county’s primary election servers. This also greatly amplifies the risk of catastrophic human error and malicious program execution.”

During these attempts to resolve the various issues that were occurring in real-time, Hursti noted that it appeared as though Dominion staff shifted from on-site attempts at remediation to off-site troubleshooting:
{{quotebox-float|“The Dominion staff member walked behind the server rack and made manual manipulations which could not be observed from my vantage point. After that they moved with their personal laptops to a table physically farther away from the election system and stopped trying different ways to work around the issue in front of the server, and no longer talked continuously with their remote help over phone.

In the follow-up-calls I overheard them ask people on the other end of the call to check different things, and they only went to a computer and appeared to test something and subsequently take a picture of the computer screen with a mobile phone and apparently send it to a remote location.”

Hursti stated that this “created a strong mental impression that the troubleshooting effort was being done remotely over remote access to key parts of the system.”}}
Hursti also noted that a “new wireless access point with a hidden SSID access point name appeared in the active [[Wi-Fi]] stations list” that he was monitoring.

All of this raised material alarms for Hursti, who noted that
{{quotebox-float|“If in fact remote access was arranged and granted to the server, this has gravely serious implications for the security of the new Dominion system. Remote access, regardless how it is protected and organized is always a security risk, but furthermore it is transfer of control out of the physical perimeters and deny any ability to observe the activities.”<ref>https://themarketswork.com/2020/11/15/pre-election-concerns-over-dominion-voting-systems-highlighted-in-georgia-lawsuit/</ref>}}

===Forensic audit===
An independent forensic audit of Dominion Voting Systems machines used in Michigan concluded:
{{quotebox-float|“The Dominion Voting System is intentionally and purposefully designed with inherent errors to create systemic fraud and influence election results. ...The intentional errors lead to bulk adjudication of ballots with no oversight, transparency, and no audit trail. This leads to voter or election fraud. Based on our study we conclude that the Dominion Voting System should not be used in Michigan....The allowable election error rate established by the [[Federal Election Commission]] guidelines is of 1 in 250,000 ballots (.0008%). We observed an error rate of 68.05%. This demonstrated a significant and fatal error in security and election integrity."<ref>https://www.depernolaw.com/uploads/2/7/0/2/27029178/antrim_michigan_forensics_report_[121320]_v2_[redacted].pdf</ref>}}

===Statistical analysis===
[[File:2020 Dominion Systems.png|right|350px|thumb|]]
Analysis of November 3, 2020 election night data from all states showed that millions of votes were either switched from President Trump to Joe Biden or were lost using Dominion and other systems. Researchers compiled a full list of votes switched from Trump to Biden or votes erased by Dominion, the vote machines used in many states across the US. Data captured by the ''[[New York Times]]'' on election night was used.

An examination of the data was able to locate an instance where votes were switched from Trump to Biden, so analysis on the entire data set ws performed, starting with the states where Dominion voting machines are used. The data is from Edison Research and it is the same data that is used for election coverage by [[ABC News]], [[CBS News]], CNN and [[NBC News]]. It is also used for the website of the ''New Yorh Times'' others as well.

Based on this initial analysis over 500,000 votes were identified that were switched from President Trump to Joe Biden. Some votes wee switched from 3rd party candidates to Biden as well. In addition, another 2,865,757 votes were deleted.

The problem is in voting machines. Federal law requires records of federal elections be kept for 22 months. When a paper ballot is inserted into a tabulator, the tabulator scans the paper ballot and takes a picture. This is called a ballot image, which becomes the official ballot. Many Democrat states and jurisdictions destroy the paper ballot afterword. In one state, [[Massachusetts]], they destroy the ballot image immediately afterward, as well.

In states and jurisdictions with touch screens, the ballot image is the only official record. All these ballot images from tabulators and touch screens are stored on microchip.

Electronic voting systems are used for the convenience of the vote counters, not the voters. Paper ballots are the only (less) foolproof method.

In Michigan, for example, sworn affidavits claim paper ballots were run through tabulators several times;<ref>[[Michigan#Dominion.2FScorecard_fraud|Affidavits of Mellisa Carone]] and [[Michigan#Ineligible_ballots_were_counted_.E2.80.93_some_multiple_times|Patricia Rose]]</ref> and so the paper ballots do not even have a barcode to nullify the ballot once its been counted. Even grocery stores can detect with the barcode whether an item has been paid for or not.

Dr. [[Shiva Ayyadurai]] of [[MIT]], the inventor of [[email]], did another statistical analysis of voting integrity in Michigan during a video livestream presentation.<ref>https://youtu.be/Ztu5Y5obWPk</ref> Dr. Shyiva demonstrated statistically how an [[algorithm]] took about 60,000 votes away from President Trump and gave them to Joe Biden in Oakland County, Michigan during the course of election day. He demonstrated the same pattern in Macomb County.

The slope of linear decline of Trump votes hour-by-hour in Oakland, Macomb, and Kent County, Michigan, was the same in predominantly Republican precincts. The public data reveal algorithm-manipulated tampering to transfer Trump votes from Republicans to Biden.

"The United States voting systems, the inputs and the outputs, are unverifiable," says Dr. Shiva, as many jurisdictions don't verify if a real person legally voted (no voter ID), and if the real votes were indeed tabulated truthfully (ballots or images are not preserved).

In violation of federal law concerning candidates for federal office, Massachusetts destroys ballots and images on election day, Dr. Shiva says. Shiva says he was banned from Twitter for saying this, even though he had it confirmed by the Massachusetts [[secretary of state]].

Dominion voting systems is set up to make it easy to change & delete results. A [[NeverTrump|Resistance member]] with administrator access in a warehouse full of machines can enter whatever result, and delete previous results.<ref>https://twitter.com/PlaysTrumpCard/status/1326508337140207619</ref><ref>[https://www.sos.state.co.us/pubs/elections/VotingSystems/DVS-DemocracySuite511/documentation/UG-RTR-UserGuide-5-11-CO.pdf Democracy Suite® EMS Results Tally & Reporting User Guide], Version: 5.11-CO::7, May 28, 2019</ref>

==Ownership==
On July 16, 2018 Dominion Voting Systems announced that it had been acquired by its management team and Staple Street Capital, a New York-based, private equity firm.<ref>https://archive.is/KNHK1#selection-725.0-756.0</ref><ref>https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/dominion-voting-systems-acquired-by-its-management-team-and-staple-street-capital-300681752.html</ref> Staple Street Equity was founded by former members of the [[George Soros]]-funded Carlyle Group. Executive Director of Carlyle Group, William Kennard, is director of Staple Street Capital.<ref>https://gellerreport.com/2020/11/look-who-owns-dominion-voting-systems-politically-motivated-private-equity-ny-hedge-fund.html/</ref>

Kennard was appointed [[FCC]] chairman during the [[Clinton administration]] and was appointed Ambassador to the [[European Union]] during the Obama era. “Team Obama literally bought the voting machines and software being used to count the votes in this [2020] election,” an independent media member noted.<ref>https://www.worldtribune.com/who-counted-the-votes-who-are-the-stakeholders-in-dominion-voting-systems/</ref>}}

''[[The New York Times]]'' reported that “Georgia records list eight registered lobbyists for Dominion. One of them is Lewis Abit Massey, a former Democrat Georgia secretary of state who once ran for governor.”<ref>http://archive.is/Xww2c</ref>

===Personnel, lobbyists and political donations===
[[Federal Election Commission]] (FEC) records reveal the company is overwhelmingly staffed by [[Democrat]] donors.<ref>https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/individual-contributions/?contributor_employer=dominion+voting</ref> 96% of Dominion Voting political donations went to Democrats. From 2014 to 2020, nine individuals who list “Dominion Voting” or “Dominion Voting Systems” as their employer contributed money to national political campaigns, including the 2020 presidential election. Employees' positions span the entirety of the voting system’s process from set-up to tabulation, including software developers, network engineers, software production specialists, and implementation managers. Virtually all donations went to Democratic candidates through [[ActBlue]].

Dominion has employed a host of [[Democratic Party]]-linked [[lobbyist]]s to assist on issues including “monitor[ing] federal legislation” and “issues related to election security.”<ref>https://www.opensecrets.org/federal-lobbying/clients/lobbyists?cycle=2020&id=D000068717</ref> ''Bloomberg'' reported in April of last year [2019] that Dominion Voting Systems — which commands more than a third of the voting-machine market without having Washington lobbyists — has hired its first, a high-powered firm that includes a longtime aide to [[Speaker Nancy Pelosi]]. They hired Brownstein Farber Hyatt & Schreck. Nadeam Elshami, Pelosi’s former [[chief of staff]], is one of the lobbyists on the account.<ref>https://noqreport.com/2020/11/06/dominion-voting-systems-the-company-at-the-center-of-michigan-and-georgia-voting-glitches/</ref> Dominion also employs Brian McKeon. According to ''[[The Washington Post]]'',
{{quotebox|"…McKeon previously worked as a senior aide to Sen. [[Barbara Boxer]] (D-Calif.) and was a deputy director for voter protection for [[Obama for America]], helping oversee the effort to recruit and organize [[attorney]]s to be poll watchers in the [[United States presidential election, 2012|2012 election]]."<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/powerpost/wp/2016/09/07/shaheen-aide-heads-to-lobby-firm-with-senate-democrats-in-demand-on-k-street/</ref>}}
In 2014, Dominion was listed in the ''Washington Post'' table as having donated between $25,001-$50,000 to the [[Clinton Foundation]].<ref>https://archive.is/4Q24P</ref> Richard Blum, [[California]] Sen. [[Dianne Feinstein]]’s husband, is a significant [[shareholder]] in the company.<ref>https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/sidney-powell-people-with-links-to-powerful-democrats-using-dominion-voting-machines-to-steal-votes</ref>

===Antifa connections===

In 2016 Dominion Voting Systems Vice President of Engineering [[Eric Coomer]] was asked if it was possible to bypass election systems software and go directly to the data tables that manage systems running elections in [[Illinois]]. His response was “Yes, if they have access.”<ref>https://www.thepostemail.com/2016/09/01/critical-flaws-in-election-security-confirmed-by-dominion-voting-executive/</ref>

Bypassing the election systems software means whoever has access can potentially manipulate the vote without many risks of detection. Coomer was asked who would have access to these data tables? Coomer replied "Vendors, election officials, and others who need to be granted access."<ref>http://www.defendthevote.com/114-election-security/508-massive-flaws-election-security-confirmed-by-dominion-voting</ref>
[[File:Coomer2.png|right|200px|thumb|Dominion Voting Systems Vice President of Engineering Eric Coomer is a member of the [[Antifa]] terrorist organization.<ref>https://thespectator.info/2020/11/16/dominions-eric-coomer-is-an-unhinged-sociopath-his-internet-profile-is-being-deleted-and-erased-audio/</ref>]]
And in 2017, Coomer explained how to alter votes in the Dominion Voting Systems in a [[Chicago]] demonstration.<ref>https://rumble.com/vbd3s5-2017-dr.-eric-coomer-explains-how-to-alter-votes-in-the-dominion-voting-sys.html</ref>

In September and October 2020, Coomer personally was in Georgia to make a “critical software change” to all Georgia's 30,000 Dominion voting machines “without adequate testing or certification from the U.S. Election Assistance Commission”.<ref>http://archive.is/3Bcv5</ref><ref>https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2020/11/dominions-trump-hating-executive-eric-coomer-performed-suspicious-update-georgia-week-early-voting-started/</ref>

Citizen journalist Joe Oltmann infiltrated Antifa Zoom chats in Denver in which Coomer participated.<ref>https://creativedestructionmedia.com/investigations/2020/11/15/eric-coomer-dominion-voting-ties-to-german-antifa-is-foreign-interference/</ref> Oltmann said,
{{quotebox-float|"His Facebook account, he had posted the Antifa Manifesto a day after it's was posted by a major Antifa organization. So it's not like he waited and somewhere along the line somebody gave it to him. It was literally that day....I wanted to research everything that was out there, like anything, anything that he touched. And everywhere I ran into him having his fingers in it, like he was the one in [[Arizona]] that was actually pitching the project to the election Commission in Arizona in 2019. October 29th [2020] he was in Georgia as the expert witness in a lawsuit. He was in Georgia selling the product. He was in Georgia for the spokesperson. He was in [[Pennsylvania]] selling the product. He was in Pennsylvania meeting with county clerks. He was in Michigan installing the system. Like this is a guy that's not supposed to be involved in every minute detail of the organization. He is the Director of Strategy and Security. And there he is, everywhere you turn. He's everywhere."<ref>https://youtu.be/IbqNLx1KXDw</ref>}}
[[File:2020-09-26.png|left|300px|thumb|Coomer applied a “critical software change” “without adequate testing or certification from the U.S. Election Assistance Commission” shortly before voting started in Georgia, according to the ''Atlanta Journal-Constitution''.<ref>http://archive.is/fx1UO</ref> Coomer told an Antifa Zoom chat, "Don’t worry
Trump won’t win the election, we fixed that."<ref>https://youtu.be/dh1X4s9HuLo</ref>]]
On a conference call with other members of Antifa, Coomer is reported to have said:
{{quotebox-float|“Don’t worry about the election, Trump’s not gonna win. I made f**king sure of that!”<ref>https://en-volve.com/2020/11/16/anti-trump-engineer-of-dominion-voting-systems-said-i-made-sure-trumps-not-gonna-win-in-secret-call-with-antifa-claims-man-who-infiltrated-group/</ref>}}
Coomer posted on Facebook on July 21, 2016:
{{quotebox-float|"If you are planning to vote for the autocratic, narcissistic, fascists, ass-hat blowhard and his [[Christian]] [[jihad]]ist VP pic, UNFRIEND ME NOW!

No, I’m not joking.

I’m all for reasoned political discourse and healthy debate- I’m looking at you [3 names of friends].

I disagree with you three on many philosophical grounds but respect your opinions.

Only and absolute F**KING IDIOT could ever vote for that wind-bag f**k-tard FASCIST RACIST F**K!

No bulls**t, I don’t give a damn if you’re friend, family, or random acquaintance, pull the lever, mark an oval, touch a screen for that carnival barker—UNFRIEND ME NOW.

I have no desire whatsoever to ever interact with you.

You are beyond hope, beyond reason. you are controlled by fear, reaction, and bulls**t. Get your s**t together.

Oh, if that doesn’t persuade you, F**K YOU! Seriously, this f**king ass-clown stands against everything that makes this country awesome!

You want in on that? You deserve nothing but contempt."}}

===CCP connections===
Andy Huang, who serves as core infrastructure manager of information technology at Dominion Voting Systems, previously worked at China Telecom, wholly run by the Chinese government, and identified by the [[U.S. Department of Defense]] as having collaborated with the [[People's Liberation Army]] for over two decades.<ref>https://www.axios.com/defense-department-chinese-military-linked-companies-856b9315-48d2-4aec-b932-97b8f29a4d40.html</ref>

Similarly, the Department of Justice flagged the firm for
{{quotebox-float|“concerns that China Telecom is vulnerable to exploitation, influence, and control by the Chinese government” and how “the nature of China Telecom’s U.S. operations” provide “opportunities for Chinese state-actors to engage in malicious cyber activity enabling economic espionage and disruption and misrouting of U.S. communications.”<ref>https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/executive-branch-agencies-recommend-fcc-revoke-and-terminate-china-telecom-s-authorizations</ref>}}
Huang, who fulfills the critical technology role at Dominion, worked at the Chinese firm from 1998 to 2002. Tasks which Huang assisted with include the “Xiamen IDC Project,”, the “Xiamen Metropolitan-are broadband network,”, and the “OA Intranet infrastructure reformation project.”. While the specific nature of his work on these projects is not entirely clear, Cisco, a company he worked with extensively, is responsible for upholding China’s draconian internet firewall. Huang’s LinkedIn profile displays his employer as one of his “interests.”<ref>https://thenationalpulse.com/news/dominion-techie-worked-for-ccp-military-proxy-flagged-by-u-s-govt-for-malicious-cyber-activity/</ref>

==Serbian Technology with Chinese Characteristics==
[[File:Why did BIS add Huawei to the Entity List.PNG|right|350px|thumb|]]
Roaming Networks, a relatively unknown corporation based in [[Serbia]] run by oligarch Nenad Kovac,<ref>https://archive.is/nb22R</ref> was selected as the enterprise partner of [[Huawei]] (CCP) to install their technology into [[Eastern Europe]]. Roaming Networks:

1) Installed Huawei radio communications equipment in Serbia for multiple telecom corporations;

2) Worked with T-Mobile in Austria to install Huawei equipment for 3600 cell towers; and

3) Built a large CCTV system in Belgrade for a “safe city project” using turnkey Huawei FTTx network equipment.

Denmark’s TDC Telecom also received a Huawei injection. Roaming enabled CCP-owned Huawei to run the Serbian nationwide transport network, including railways, electric power, and wind. Roaming built their own HQ data center using Huawei tech, and was rewarded with the design, implementation, and 24x7 maintenance of the [[Bank of China]]. Even the National Assembly of Serbia is now wired with Huawei. In 2017, they lost their license to operate in [[Denmark]].<ref>https://archive.is/7NEVm</ref>

Dominion Voting Systems Corporation is located at OSMANA DJIKICA 18, 11060, Beograd Serbia.<ref>https://archive.is/hbB1B</ref> It is registered as a Computer Systems Design company. One of the software engineers is Ivan Yukovic, designing Election Management Systems (EMS) used in U.S. elections. Srjdan Nogo, a former Serbian Member of Parliament, identified connections between Serbian government, tech companies, George Soros, and the former VP Joe Biden.<ref>https://archive.is/yhrj8</ref> He confirmed Dominion used the Serbian company as their software design team. As he began writing about the US election and his discoveries about where the Dominion software was actually designed and maintained, Bojan Djordjevic, listed as the legal representative of the Serbian company, began responding to him and trying to explain.

On May 16, 2019, the United States BIS added Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. and many of its non-U.S. affiliates to the Entity List. The addition of Huawei and its affiliates to the Entity List imposed a license requirement on the listed entities supplemental to those found elsewhere in the Export Administration Regulations (EAR).<ref>https://www.bis.doc.gov/index.php/documents/pdfs/2447-huawei-entity-listing-faqs/file</ref>

Dominion Voting Systems uses Roaming Networks, the Serbian Huawei partner: implementation of an all-flash Pure storage solution in its primary data center.<ref>https://www.roamingnetworks.com/?page_id=107&lang=en</ref> And Dominion hardware is made in China.<ref>https://tsarizm.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Serbia-China-Dominion-8.12.21.pdf</ref>

==Complaints==
[[File:Klobuchar and Warren.jpeg|right|200px|thumb|Sens. Elizabeth Warren and Amy Klobuchar, who were defeated in the [[2020 Democrat primaries]], warned of Dominion vote switching and election fraud.]]
Sens. [[Elizabeth Warren]] (Mass.), [[Ron Wyden]] (Ore.), and [[Amy Klobuchar]] (Minn.), along with Rep. [[Mark Pocan]] (Wisc.), wrote a joint letter to Dominion in December 2019 warning that use of the company’s voting machines resulted in “switching votes” and other “undisclosed vulnerabilities” that “threaten the integrity of our elections.”<ref>https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/democratic-senators-warned-of-potential-vote-switching-by-dominion-voting-machines-prior-to-2020-election</ref>

{{quotebox-float|In 2018 alone "voters in [[South Carolina]] [were] reporting machines that switched their votes after they'd inputted them, scanners [were] rejecting paper ballots in Missouri, and busted machines [were] causing long lines in [[Indiana]]." In addition, researchers recently uncovered previously undisclosed vulnerabilities in "nearly three dozen backend election systems in 10 states." And, just this year, after the Democratic candidate's electronic tally showed he received an improbable 164 votes out of 55,000 cast in a Pennsylvania state judicial election in 2019, the county's Republican Chairwoman said, "[n]othing went right on Election Day. Everything went wrong. That's a problem." These problems threaten the integrity of our elections and demonstrate the importance of election systems that are strong, durable, and not vulnerable to attack.<ref>https://www.warren.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/H.I.G.%20McCarthy,%20&%20Staple%20Street%20letters.pdf</ref>}}
''Bloomberg'' quoted Democrat Sen. Ron Wyden saying,
{{quotebox-float|“The maintenance of Americans’ constitutional rights should not depend on the good graces and sketchy [[ethics]] of a handful of well-connected [[corporation]]s like ES&S who have stonewalled Congress, lied to Congress, have questionable judgment when it comes to security, and have repeatedly gouged [[taxpayer]]s.”<ref>https://about.bgov.com/news/voting-machine-firms-add-lobbyists-amid-election-hacker-concerns/</ref>}}
===Canada===
In 2018 a supposed internet connection “glitch” shut down Dominion systems in [[Ontario]] for 90 minutes during voting. ''Toronto City News'' reported:
{{quotebox-float|"Many voters in Ontario will continue to cast ballots Tuesday after technical difficulties forced at least a dozen municipalities to extend voting in local elections.

Dominion Voting Systems, a company that provides tabulation systems in Canada and the U.S., said in a statement that 51 municipalities were impacted by a glitch that stalled online voting for at least 90 minutes.

While many impacted communities kept polls open for one or two extra hours, several opted to declare emergencies under the Municipal Elections Act and extend voting for a full day.

Some of those municipalities include Pembroke, Waterloo, Prince Edward County, Greater Sudbury, and several communities in the Muskoka region.

The rest of Ontario’s 417 municipal races went off without technical trouble, but there was no lack of drama.

Dominion attributed Monday’s election-night delays to “slow traffic” it blamed on an unnamed Toronto “internet co-location provider” for placing a limit on incoming voting traffic. Dominion said the issue was eventually resolved, but many voters still complained of problems."<ref>https://toronto.citynews.ca/2018/10/22/online-voting-systems-delaying-election-results-across-ontario/</ref>}}

==Whistleblower allegations==
Melissa Carone was a contractor for Dominion Voting Systems to do IT work at the TCF Center in [[Detroit]]. Carone gave an interview to Redpill78 on Twitch.<ref>https://www.twitch.tv/videos/798796260?t=0h15m8s</ref> Carone states in a sworn affidavit that she “witnessed nothing but [[fraud]]ulent actions take place”. Carone testified,<ref>https://www.greatlakesjc.org/wp-content/uploads/Supplemental-Brief-Motion-for-TRO-Costantino.pdf</ref>
{{quotebox-float|1. My name is Melissa A. Carone, I was contracted by Dominion Voting Services to do IT work at the TCF Center for the November 3, 2020 election, and I am a resident of Wayne County.

2. I arrived at the TCF Center at approximately 6:15 AM November 3, 2020 and worked until 4:00 AM November 4, 2020. I went home to get some sleep, then arrived back at the TCF Center at 10:00 AM in which I stayed until 1:45 PM. During this time I witnessed nothing but fraudulent
actions take place.

3. The counters (which were trained very little or not at all), were handed a "batch" (stack of 50) of mail-in ballots in which they would run through the tabulator. The tabulators would get jammed 4-5 times an hour, when they jammed the computer would put out an error that tells the worker the ballot number that was jammed and gives an option to either discard the batch or continue scanning at which the counter should discard the batch, put the issue ballot on top of the batch and rescan the entire batch. I witnessed countless workers rescanning the batches without discarding them first which resulted in ballots being counted 4-5 times.

4. At approximately midnight I was called over to assist one of the counters with a paper jam and noticed his PC had a number of over 400 ballots scanned- which means one batch was counted over 8 times. This happened countless times while I was at the TCF Center. I confronted my manager, Nick Ikonornakis saying how big of a problem this was, Nick told me he didn't want to hear that we have a big problem. He told me we are here to do assist with IT work, not to run their election.

5. The adjudication process, from my understanding there's supposed to be a republican and a democrat judging these ballots. I overheard numerous workers talking during shift change in which over 20 machines had two democrats judging the ballots-resulting in an unfair process.

6. Next, I want to describe what went on during shift change, it was a chaotic disaster. It took over two hours for workers to arrive at their "assigned areas", over 30 workers were taken upstairs and told they didn't have a job for them to do. These people were chosen to be counters, in which 6 workers admitted to me that they received absolutely no training at all.

7. The night shift workers were free to come and go as they pleased, they could go out and smoke from the counting room. This is illegal, as there were boxes and stacks of ballots everywhere, anyone could have taken some out or brought some in, and No one was watching them.

8. There was two vans that pulled into the garage of the counting room, one on day shift and one on night shift. These vans were apparently bringing food into the building because they only had enough food for not even 1/3 of the workers. I never saw any food coming out of these vans, coincidentally it was announced on the news that Michigan had discovered over 100,000 more ballots- not even two hours after the last van left.

9. When a worker had a ballot that they either could not read, or it had something spilled on it, they would go to a table that had blank ballots on it and fill it out. They were supposed to be filling them out exactly like the one they had received but this was not the case at all. The workers would also sign the name of the person that the ballot belonged to-which is clearly illegal.

10. Samuel Challandes and one more young man in his mid-20 were responsible for submitting the numbers into the main computer. They had absolutely no overhead, my manager Nick would assist them with any questions but Nick was on the floor assisting with IT most of the time.

11 . There was a time I overheard Samuel talking to Nick about losing tons of data, they all got on their phones and stepped to the side of the stage. I asked Nick what was going one and he told me it was all taken care of and not to worry about it. I fully believe that this was something very crucial that they just covered up.

12. I was the only republican working for Dominion Voting, and on the stage there was many terrible comments being made by the city workers and Dominion workers about republicans. I did not give out any indication that I was a republican, I have a family at home and knew I was going to have to walk to my car at the end of my shift. If anyone had an American flag on their shirt or mask, they were automatically deemed to be Trump supporters.

13. I called the [[FBI]] and made a report with them, I was told that I will be getting a call back.<ref>https://youtu.be/uOwbJqPlXHI</ref>}}

Carone’s affidavit was included in the lawsuit filed by the Trump campaign that sought to stop the certification of Wayne County’s election results. Wayne County circuit judge Timothy M. Kenny denied the request. Judge Kenny described Carone’s allegations as ‘simply not credible’.<ref>https://factcheck.thedispatch.com/p/melissa-carone-michigan-dominion-debunked?s=r</ref>

==See also==
*[[Biden Putsch]]
*[[Biden Junta]]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External link==
*[https://www.dominionvoting.com/legal-updates-learn-how-we-are-defending-dominion/ Dominion Voting Systems Legal Updates]
*[https://www.forbes.com/sites/alisondurkee/2022/01/18/after-lawsuit-against-mypillow-ceo-mike-lindell-heres-who-dominion-and-smartmatic-have-sued-so-far-and-who-could-be-next/?sh=2350f0b612f6 Dominion Files Lawsuits Against Lindell and Others] ｜ Forbes – Jan 18, 2022
*[https://archive.is/hqNn2 Miles Guo : The Software for The U.S. President Election Was Supplied by The CCP] ｜ Daily Express – Nov. 12, 2020
*[https://youtu.be/746HTjhFifA Chanel Rion on “Dominion-izing the Vote”]
*[https://youtu.be/0eNr2qoHKdQ Attention Dominion and ES&S; Sue me please. I volunteer to be sued!], Edward Solomon, January 26, 2021. Youtube
*[https://rumble.com/vkygqa-must-see-damning-video-explaining-how-why-and-who-stole-election.html?mref=6zof&mrefc=2 Damning Video Explaining How, Why And Who Stole Election]
*[https://tsarizm.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Serbia-China-Dominion-8.12.21.pdf Dominion: Serbian Technology With Chinese Characteristics]
{{globalism}}
{{communism}}
{{Election Fraud}}
[[Category:China]][[Category:Canada]][[Category:Globalism]][[Category:United States Presidential Election, 2020]][[Category:Biden Putsch]][[Category:United States Political Scandals]][[Category:Election Fraud]][[Category:Establishment]]

1969 Super Bowl

2026-10-13T22:20:53Z

RoadtoEmmaus: Remove extra comma after closing quotation mark

The '''1969 Super Bowl''' was thought by star participant Bubba Smith of the Baltimore Colts to have been thrown to the other side by a teammate as desired by the Colts' owner, so that the New York Jets would win in a big upset. The Baltimore Colts were a 7-to-1 favorite — one of the heaviest favorites in any comparable sporting event in history — and thus the victory by the Jets gave an enormous payoff to [[gambling|gamblers]] who bet on the Jets. The Colts were 13-1 in the regular season, won the NFC title game 34-0, and the Jets' quarterback, Joe Namath, injured his throwing hand during the Super Bowl; yet the Jets won in this very unlikely upset. The owner of the 1969 Colts, Carroll Rosenbloom, was a high-stakes [[gambling|gambler]] on [[NFL]] games and was ultimately found drowned under mysterious circumstances in 1979.<ref>https://medium.com/@andrewszanton/carroll-rosenbloom-an-old-fashioned-nfl-owner-b4fb115a94d5</ref>

The [[NFL]] MVP for the 1968-69 season was the Colts' Earl Morrall with a quarterback rating for the season of 93.2,<ref>https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/M/MorrEa00.htm</ref> and yet he had a quarterback rating of less than 10 during this game until he was ultimately replaced by coach Don Shula. Morrall was a clutch player who never choked and who won the 1971 Super Bowl, so his awful performance was not due to nervousness.

A trick play known as a "flee flicker" resulted in the primary Colts receiver being wide open for a touchdown, but instead the savvy Morrall calmly threw the ball behind another receiver for an interception in the crowded middle of the field, which made absolutely no sense with time running out in the first half. This play is cited most by those who suspect that this game was intentionally lost, or "thrown" to the Jets.

Morrall was probably also the placeholder (spotter) for the two field goals of 27 and 48 yards missed by the Colts' kicker, Lou Michaels, who said afterward, “I am disgusted with myself.”<ref name="NYT">https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/22/sports/football/lou-michaels-who-lost-69-super-bowl-dies-at-80.html</ref> "The sting of losing the big game never left him, Michaels told ''The Baltimore Sun'' in 2010."<ref name="NYT"/> Michaels' brother was an assistant coach for the Jets in this Super Bowl.

"Willie Richardson, an All-Pro receiver for the Baltimore Colts and their leading pass-catcher in Super Bowl III ... caught six passes for 58 yards in the game, while receiver Jimmy Orr and tight end John Mackey had only three receptions apiece, along with modest reception yardage."<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/12/sports/football/willie-richardson-baltimore-colts-all-pro-receiver-dies-at-76.html</ref> Richardson, who was black and the son of a [[Baptist]] preacher, is unlikely to have been part of any scheme by Morrall to lose the game intentionally.

The wealthy owner of the Baltimore Colts seemed pleased at a post-game "victory party," and the earnest Colts player, Bubba Smith, was so dismayed by the unusual celebration after losing that Smith was even asked to leave the party.

The play-by-play of the game is posted online by ''[[USA Today]]''.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110211184638/http://www.usatoday.com/sports/nfl/super/superbowl-iii-plays.htm</ref>
== See also ==
*[[gambling]]
*[[NFL values]]
== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[category:NFL]]

Secular Europe and eugenics

2026-10-13T02:43:01Z

RoadtoEmmaus: Remove duplicate period after closing quotation mark

[[File:Hitler.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Hitler's eugenicist war against individuals with Down syndrome has been resurrected by modern neo-Marxist leftists in Secular Europe.]]
Although [[Progressive Movement]]–inspired [[eugenics]] officially became discredited in the global outcry over the [[Holocaust]], its legacy was resurrected by neo-Marxists in [[Secular Europe]] who gradually replaced Christianity with [[scientism]]. In both [[Nazi Germany]]<ref>Khazan, Olga (September 3, 2014). [https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2014/09/a-memorial-to-the-nazis-disabled-victims/379528/ Remembering the Nazis' Disabled Victims]. ''The Atlantic''. Retrieved June 8, 2023.</ref> and countries in contemporary Europe, [[Down syndrome]] is viewed as an abnormal disease in need of "weeding out." According to Healthline, "nearly 100 percent of women in [[Iceland]] who receive a positive test for Down syndrome choose to terminate the pregnancy."<ref>Wakeman, Jessica (December 6, 2018). [https://www.healthline.com/health-news/the-debate-over-terminating-down-syndrome-pregnancies The Debate Over Terminating Down Syndrome Pregnancies]. ''Heathline''. Retrieved June 8, 2023.</ref>

In comparison to European countries whose Down syndrome rate is over 90%, in the United States it is a comparatively lower 67%<ref>Bilger, Micaiah (July 9, 2020). [https://www.lifenews.com/2020/07/09/the-united-states-kills-67-of-babies-with-down-syndrome-in-abortion/ The United States Kills 67% of Babies With Down Syndrome in Abortion]. ''LifeNews''. Retrieved June 8, 2023.</ref>, as a result of remaining American conservative Christian values to a significant extent relative to the greater atheistic left-wing influence among the populations of Secular Europe.

==Background: Nuremberg prosecutors condemn Nazi-permitted abortions==
Although contemporary neo-Marxist leftists insist that [[Adolf Hitler]] and other Nazi leaders were "anti-abortion,", the prosecutors at the [[Nuremberg War Crimes Tribunal]] recognized otherwise. Human rights activist Rita Joseph writes:<ref>Joseph, Rita (2009). [https://www.google.com/books/edition/Human_Rights_and_the_Unborn_Child/WvGwaXEKIAIC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=nuremberg+trials+abortion&pg=PA186&printsec=frontcover Human Rights and the Unborn Child], p. 186. ''Google Books''. Retrieved June 8, 2023.</ref>
{{cquote|'''Eastern women workers were induced or ''forced'' to undergo abortions.''' [emphasis added]

Decriminalization of abortion was judged and condemned at Nuremberg as encouraging abortions. The fact that the Nazi authorities had removed abortion from Polish domestic law did not nullify the fact that abortion was still judged "a crime against humanity". This was in accord with the working definition:

'Crimes against humanity: namely, murder, extermination...and other inhumane acts committed against any civilian population, before or during the war... whether or not in violation of the domestic law of the country where perpetrated.'|||"Human Rights and the Unborn Child," p. 186}}

Karl Brandt, an officer for the ''Schutzstaffel'' (SS) who was Hitler's personal physician and the Nazis' chief medical officer, defended his egregious actions in citing, as a precedent, the [[United States Supreme Court]] ruling in ''[[Buck v. Bell]]'', authored by [[Social Darwinist]], Progressive justice [[Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.]], which legalized compulsory sterilization.<ref>Lombardo, Paul A. (November 10, 2008). [https://www.google.com/books/edition/Three_Generations_No_Imbeciles/Z_dSEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=nuremberg+buck+v.+bell&printsec=frontcover Three Generations, No Imbeciles: Eugenics, the Supreme Court, and Buck V. Bell]. ''Google Books''. Retrieved June 8, 2023.</ref> In addition, Brandt "cited Harry Laughlin's 1914 proposal calling for the sterilization of fifteen million Americans." Laughlin, a hardline racist pro-eugenics activist of the [[Progressive Era]], was an associate of [[Margaret Sanger]] in the organization Population Association of America<ref>Hansen, Randall; King, Desmond (August 26, 2013). [https://www.google.com/books/edition/Sterilized_by_the_State/IjUUAgAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=harry+laughlin+margaret+sanger&printsec=frontcover Sterilized by the State: Eugenics, Race, and the Population Scare in Twentieth-Century North America], p. 190. ''Google Books''. Retrieved June 8, 2023.</ref> and subsequently became a Nazi supporter.

''Buck v. Bell'' was also cited by Nazi defendant Otto Hafmann, who headed the SS Race and Settlement Office, to justify mass sterilization.<ref>Cohen, Adam (March 2016). [https://www.google.com/books/edition/Imbeciles/z9TnCQAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=nuremberg+buck+v.+bell&printsec=frontcover Imbeciles: The Supreme Court, American Eugenics, and the Sterilization of Carrie Buck], p. 303. ''Google Books''. Retrieved June 8, 2023.</ref> The 1961 movie ''Judgment at Nuremberg'' portrays a Nazi lawyer glowingly praising Justice Holmes as "that great American jurist."

==Atheistic United Kingdom and forced abortions==
In September 2019, a British woman was ordered by a court to undergo an abortion due to laws permitting abortion until the 24th week of pregnancy if "a substantial risk that if the child were born it would suffer from such physical or mental abnormalities as to be seriously handicapped."<ref>September 23, 2021. [https://www.cbsnews.com/news/abortion-uk-court-law-fetus-down-syndrome-disability/ Court dismisses challenge to U.K. law allowing abortion of a fetus with Down syndrome until birth]. ''Associated Press'' via ''CBS News''. Retrieved June 8, 2023.</ref>. However, the woman later gave birth despite eugenicist court rulings.<ref>October 18, 2019. [https://www.spuc.org.uk/Article/384193/UK-woman-who-was-ordered-to-have-a-forced-abortion-in-June-has-given-birth UK woman who was ordered to have a forced abortion in June has given birth]. ''Society for the Protection of Unborn Children''. Retrieved June 8, 2023.</ref>

==See also==
*[[Scientific fascism]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Atheism]]
[[Category:Europe]]
[[Category:Eugenics]]
[[Category:Fascism]]
[[Category:Socialism]]
[[Category:Marxism]]
[[Category:Nazism]]
[[Category:Genocide]]

Mike Pence

2026-10-13T02:42:52Z

RoadtoEmmaus: Remove duplicate period after closing quotation mark

{{Officeholder
|name=Mike Pence
|image=Mike Pence fly.PNG
|party=[[Republican]]
|spouse=Karen Pence
|religion=[[Evangelical Christian]]
|offices=
{{Officeholder/vice president
|country=the United States
|number=48th
|terms=January 20, 2017 – January 20, 2021
|president=[[Donald Trump]]
|preceded=[[Joe Biden]]
|former=n
|succeeded=[[Kamala Harris]]
}}
{{Officeholder/governor
|state=Indiana
|terms=January 14, 2013 – January 9, 2017
|preceded=[[Mitch Daniels]]
|succeeded=[[Eric Holcomb]]
}}
{{Officeholder/representative
|state=Indiana
|district=6th
|terms=January 3, 2003 – January 3, 2013
|preceded=Dan Burton
|succeeded=Luke Messer
}}
{{Officeholder/representative
|state=Indiana
|district=2nd
|terms=January 3, 2001 – January 3, 2003
|preceded=David McIntosh
|succeeded=Chris Chocola
}}
}}
'''Michael Richard "Mike" Pence''' (born June 7, 1959)<ref name="Bio">[http://www.biography.com/people/mike-pence-071416 Mike Pence]. ''Biography.com''. Retrieved October 4, 2016.</ref> is a [[globalist]] puppet, [[establishment]] [[Republican]] [[apparatchik]], and former [[Democrat]]<ref>https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2022/11/22/exclusive-democrat-conservative-vice-president-mike-pence-details-journey-american-politics/</ref> who served as governor of [[Indiana]] (2013-2017), congressman from Indiana's 6th district (2001-2013) and unfaithful [[vice president]] to Donald Trump (2017-2021). He was previously an attorney and [[conservative talk radio]] host. A [[globalist]] puppet of the [[neocon]]s, Pence dropped out of the presidential race after a few months and virtually no support. In 2018, for purely self-interested purposes, Pence interfered with [[President Trump]]'s plan to nominate a [[pro-life]] judge to the [[Seventh Circuit]], and now [[pro-abort]] [[Biden]] will fill that vacancy left by the death of Judge Michael Kanne, who was appointed by [[President Ronald Reagan]].<ref name="P">https://www.politico.com/story/2019/07/12/mike-pence-kanne-judge-trump-1411915</ref> Five sources confirmed Pence's interference.<ref name="P"/> As such, Pence can be considered [[PLINO]] (Pro Life in Name Only). Pence showed his support for globalism and contempt for the American people in a 2023 interview:
{{cquote|[[Tucker Carlson]]: "Where's the concern for the [[United States]] in the <nowiki>[</nowiki>[[NATO war in Ukraine]]<nowiki>]</nowiki>?"
Pence: "That's not my concern. ..."<ref>https://nypost.com/2023/07/14/pence-calls-viral-clip-suggesting-he-cares-more-about-ukraine-than-us-fake-news/</ref>}}

Pence's tenure as vice president was the subject of much controversy among both liberals and conservatives alike. He was frequently accused of being involved in numerous subversive acts which undermined President Trump's agenda, especially on foreign policy. Mike Pence and the [[authoritarian]] [[liberal]] President of France [[Emmanuel Macron]] reportedly "double-teamed" Trump into attending the [[World Economic Forum]], a meeting of [[left-wing]] globalist oligarchs who advocate for the "[[Great Reset]]", in 2018; Pence was originally going to attend, not Trump.<ref>[https://www.axios.com/2018/01/23/how-trump-ended-up-in-davos-1516703966 How Trump Ended up in Davos]</ref> He also detracted from his own re-election ticket in 2020, avoided efforts to contest the 2020 election results in several states where irregularities were reported, and yet publicly attended [[Joe Biden]]'s inauguration.<ref>https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/534835-pence-other-gop-officials-expected-to-skip-trump-send-off</ref> Thirteen months later, Pence defended his actions at a [[Koch network]]-sponsored event. Given these events, it is a certainty that Trump will not select Pence as his running mate should Trump be the Republican nominee in 2024.

Pence is on the fringe of the [[GOP]] by opposing the nomination of Trump for president in 2024: “Well, there might be somebody else I’d prefer more,” Pence said in October 2022 during an event at [[Georgetown University]], when asked if he would support Trump as the nominee. Early on during his short-lived presidential campaign, Pence visited Ukrainian [[fascist]] ruler [[Volodymyr Zelenskyy]] on the same day as elitist [[Climate alarmism|climate alarmist]] [[Greta Thunberg]].<ref>[https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2023/06/30/ukraines-zelensky-welcomes-greta-thunberg-mike-pence-same-day/ Ukraine’s Zelensky Welcomes Greta Thunberg, Mike Pence on Same Day]</ref> On March 15, 2024, Pence pretended that he was siding with the [[U.S. Constitution|Constitution]] by opposing the reelection of Trump, which is utter nonsense. It would not be a surprise if Pence is given a lucrative job by the [[Trump]]-hating network.

Prior to being governor and vice-president, Pence was one of the more conservative members of [[Congress]], serving as the U.S. Representative from [[Indiana]]'s 6th congressional district. In the 111th Congress, he served as Chairman of the House Republican Conference. Pence has also been a member of the House Foreign Affairs Committee.

==Early life==
Pence was born in Columbus, Indiana, on June 7, 1959, to an Irish-Catholic family.<ref name="Bio"/><ref name="Eason10things"/> He was one of six children, and his father was a [[U.S. Army]] veteran and gas station-chain owner.<ref name="Bio"/><ref name="Eason10things"/>

Early in his life, Pence was strongly aligned with the [[Democratic Party (USA)|Democratic Party]] and was a Roman Catholic.<ref name="Bio"/><ref name="Eason10things"/> He volunteered for the party while in high school, and he voted for [[Jimmy Carter]] in 1980.<ref name="Bio"/> When Pence was in college, he became a born-again Christian through his future wife, Karen.<ref name="Eason10things"/> After his conversion, his views shifted towards the right, and after the election of [[Ronald Reagan]] as president, Pence became a Republican as he was inspired by Reagan's policies.<ref name="Bio"/><ref name="Eason10things"/><ref>Graham, Jordan (September 8, 2016). [https://www.ocregister.com/articles/nominee-728408-tells-pence.html Mike Pence explains how Ronald Reagan made him a Republican]. ''The Orange County Register''. Retrieved September 18, 2016.</ref>

Pence graduated from Hanover College in 1981 with a B.A. in history, and he earned a Juris Doctor degree from Indiana University School of Law in 1986.<ref name="Bio"/>

==Early career==
After graduation, Pence became a practicing attorney and started to get involved in politics, first "becoming a precinct committeeman for the Marion County Republican Party."<ref name="Bio"/> He unsuccessfully ran for [[United States Congress|Congress]] in 1988 and 1990, but "learned a valuable lesson in defeat" and "vowed to preach a positive message" after becoming disgusted by his negative attack ads.<ref name="Bio"/>

Pence served as the president of the Indiana Policy Review Foundation from 1991 to 1993.<ref name="Bio"/> In 1994, he launched his own [[conservative talk radio]] show, and the next year he became a morning show host on television.<ref name="Bio"/> Pence discontinued both programs in 1999,<ref name="Bio"/> presumably in preparation for another run for Congress.

In October 2009 Pence defended conservative talk radio, saying:

<blockquote>
''"To suggest that men and women that are taking a stand for fiscal discipline and traditional values in the national debate today only speak for ‘grassroots activists’ is absurd. As evidenced by the hundreds of thousands that filled town hall meetings this summer and the nearly a million Americans who gathered here in Washington in September. Millions of Americans, Republicans, Democrats and Independents are worried about liberal social policies and runaway federal spending, deficit and debt.''

''So to my friends in the so-called ‘mainstream media’ I say, ‘conservative talk show hosts may not speak for everybody but they speak for more Americans than you do.’"''<ref>[https://www.politico.com/story/2009/10/pence-rush-beck-speak-for-many-028608# Pence: Rush, Beck speak for many]. ''Politico''. October 22, 2009. Retrieved October 6, 2016.</ref>
</blockquote>

==U.S. Congress==
[[File:MikePence.jpg|thumb|100px|left|Congressman]]
In 2000, Pence was elected to [[Congress]] and reelected in 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, and 2010.<ref name="Bio"/> In 2005, he became chairman of the Republican Study Committee, a group representing the most conservative members of the House.<ref name="Bio"/> The next year, Pence unsuccessfully ran for House minority leader, losing to [[John Boehner]].<ref name="Bio"/> Pence served as the House Republican Conference Chair during the 111th Congress, which lasted from 2009 to 2011.<ref name="Bio"/><ref>[http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=p000587 PENCE, Mike, (1959 - )]. ''Biographical Directory of the United States Congress''. Retrieved October 5, 2016.</ref>

In Congress, Pence built a very conservative record, even opposing liberal Republican bills that would increase spending or the size of government, such as [[No Child Left Behind]] in 2001, and the Medicare expansion of 2002.<ref name="Bio"/><ref name="Eason10things"/>

He also engaged in a filibuster in an unusual way.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tHnZphCBWTA</ref>

==Governor of Indiana==
Pence successfully ran for Indiana governor in 2012.<ref name="Bio"/><ref name="Eason10things"/>

Pence's successor, the conservative [[Mitch Daniels]], had been effective in boosting the state's economy, and Pence continued his policies. The Indiana economy continued to improve, and Pence cut taxes by $1.1 billion in 2013, which was the largest tax cut in state history.<ref name="Bio"/> In addition, Indiana has the seventh lowest tax burden of any state in 2013, and in 2014 Pence signed a law that will decrease the state corporate tax by 1.6 percent by 2021.<ref name="Eason10things"/> While liberals expect tax cuts to increase budget deficits, by 2016 Indiana actually had a $2 billion surplus,<ref name="Bio"/> and unemployment dropped by 3.4 percent since his term began.<ref name="Eason10things"/>

In 2014, Mike Pence endorsed the globalist [[Trans Pacific Partnership]].<ref>[https://twitter.com/govpencein/status/509032682555457536 Pence on Twitter, 2014]</ref>

Pence became nationally famous in 2015 for initially defending a new religious freedom law for Indiana businesses that would have enabled them to decline services that support the [[homosexual agenda]], such as being forced to bake a cake for [[Same-sex "marriage"|homosexual couples]].<ref name="Bio"/><ref name="Eason10things"/> Ultimately, Pence compromised under intense pressure from the [[liberal media]] and added protections for [[sexual orientation]] to Indiana law.<ref name="Bio"/><ref name="Eason10things"/> While many conservatives considered Pence's move a betrayal, subsequent events showed that Pence did stand up more against the [[homosexual agenda]] than virtually any other governor, including other Republicans such as [[Greg Abbott]] and [[Chris Christie]].

In addition, Pence is [[pro-life]], and in 2016 he signed a bill into law that stops abortions when the [[Human being|unborn human being]] has a disability.<ref name="Bio"/>

==2016 GOP vice-presidential nominee==
[[File:Donald Trump and Mike Pence RNC July 2016.jpg|thumb|Pence with Trump at the 2016 Republican National Convention.]]
{{see also|2016 U.S. presidential election}}
Pence first endorsed [[Texas]] Senator [[Ted Cruz]] for the Republican presidential nomination, but after businessman [[Donald Trump]] became the presumptive GOP nominee, Pence was chosen to be the vice-presidential nominee.<ref name="Bio"/>

Pence debated Democrat VP nominee [[Tim Kaine]] on October 4, 2016, and he gave a much better performance than Kaine.<ref>Boyle, Matthew (October 5, 2016). [https://www.breitbart.com/2016-presidential-race/2016/10/05/pence-dominates-kaine-vice-presidential-debate/ ‘Flawless’ Victory: Mike Pence Dominates Tim Kaine in Vice Presidential Debate]. ''Breitbart''. Retrieved October 6, 2016.</ref><ref>Agiesta, Jennifer (October 5, 2016). [https://www.cnn.com/2016/10/05/politics/mike-pence-tim-kaine-vp-debate-poll/ Pence edges Kaine in VP debate instant poll]. ''CNN''. Retrieved October 6, 2016.</ref> This was despite the fact that Kaine interrupted Pence 70 times in the debate.<ref>Struyk, Ryan (October 5, 2016). [https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/tim-kaine-interrupted-mike-pence-70-times-vice/story?id=42583803 Tim Kaine Interrupted Mike Pence 70 Times in Vice Presidential Debate]. ''ABC News''. Retrieved October 6, 2016.</ref> Pence masterfully used his debating skills that he acquired from being a talk radio host while Kaine was hyper and sometimes hard to follow.<ref name="Bradner">Bradner, Eric (October 5, 2016). [https://www.cnn.com/2016/10/05/politics/vp-debate-takeaways/index.html 5 takeaways from the vice presidential debate]. ''CNN''. Retrieved October 6, 2016.</ref> Even the liberal [[mainstream media]], which holds [[double standards]] and loves to bash conservatives, believed that Pence won.<ref name="Bradner"/><ref>Zurcher, Anthony (October 5, 2016). [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/amp/37558787 Pence v Kaine: Who won the vice-presidential debate?]. ''BBC News''. Retrieved October 5, 2016.</ref>

The Donald Trump–Mike Pence ticket won the election in a massive, historical upset.<ref>[https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2016/11/08/first-polls-close-in-2016-race-trump-projected-to-win-ind-ky-clinton-wins-vt.html Trump wins presidency, defeats Clinton in historic election upset]. ''Fox News''. November 8, 2016. Retrieved November 10, 2016.</ref>

==Vice-president==
[[File:Mike Pence official vice presidential photo.jpg|thumb||250px|Vice president Mike Pence (pictured 2017) was a controversial figure among both conservatives and liberals, and engaged in many treacherous acts.]]
Soon after the election, the conservative Pence replaced the moderate [[Chris Christie]], who is facing serious allegations in a scandal, as the head of Trump's transition team.<ref>[https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2016/11/11/pence-reportedly-taking-over-transition-effort-from-christie.html Pence replaces Christie in Trump transition team shuffle]. ''Fox News''. November 11, 2016.</ref> One of his first decisions as head was to remove every lobbyist, who had been appointed by Christie, from the team, in order to "drain the swamp" in [[Washington, D.C.]]<ref>[https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2016/11/16/pence-removing-lobbyists-from-trump-transition-team.html Pence removing lobbyists from Trump transition team]. ''Fox News''. November 16, 2016. Retrieved November 17, 2016.</ref><ref>Jaffe, Alexandra (November 16, 2016). [https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/pence-removes-lobbyists-trump-transition-team-controversial-names-remain-n684836 Mike Pence Orders Lobbyists Be Removed From Transition Team]. ''NBC News''. Retrieved November 17, 2016.</ref> On the same day, the team announced that all [[Trump Administration]] officials would be placed under a five-year lobbying ban after leaving, which is much stricter than the ban by the transition team of the previous president, [[Barack Obama]].<ref>Arnsdorf, Isaac & Vogel, Kenneth P. (November 16, 2016). [https://www.politico.com/story/2016/11/donald-trump-lobbying-ban-231534 Trump team announces tough lobbying ban]. ''Politico''. Retrieved November 17, 2016.</ref> The transition team under Pence's leadership reportedly completed its work on time and 20 percent under budget.<ref>Miller, S.A. (January 19, 2017). [http://washingtontimes.com/news/2017/jan/19/pence-trump-transition-finishing-time-under-budget/ Mike Pence: Trump transition finishing on time, under budget]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved February 8, 2017.</ref>

Vice President Pence became the first vice president in United States history to speak at the annual [[March for Life]] march in Washington, D.C. in 2017.<ref>Sells, Heather (January 27, 2017). [https://www1.cbn.com/cbnnews/politics/2017/january/trump-administration-rallies-behind-march-for-life VP Mike Pence Making History at the March for Life]. ''CBN News''. Retrieved January 27, 2017.</ref><ref>Hickey, Jennifer (January 27, 2017). [https://www.foxnews.com/us/2017/01/27/massive-attendance-at-march-for-life-could-extend-crowd-size-chatter.html 'Life is winning': Pence fired up March for Life crowd]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved January 27, 2017.</ref>

On February 7, 2017, Pence became the first vice president in United States history to cast a tie-breaking vote in the Senate for confirming a cabinet nominee.<ref name="DeVosTie">[https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2017/02/07/devos-confirmed-as-education-secretary-pence-casts-historic-tie-breaking-vote.html DeVos confirmed as education secretary, Pence casts historic tie-breaking vote]. ''Fox News''. February 7, 2017. Retrieved February 7, 2017.</ref> He also became the first since 2008 to cast a tie-breaking vote at all.<ref name="DeVosTie"/>
[[File:Mike Pence October 2017.jpg|thumb|250px|Pence speaking in October 2017]]
It was reported in late April 2017 that Pence and eight other Trump Administration [[Cabinet of Donald Trump|cabinet members]] were participating in a weekly [[Bible study]].<ref>[http://www1.cbn.com/beltwaybuzz/archive/2017/04/24/trump-cabinet-members-praying-studying-the-bible-together TOP STORY: Trump Cabinet Members Praying, Studying the Bible Together]. ''CBN News''. April 24, 2017. Retrieved April 28, 2017.</ref><ref>Gotera, Jay (April 28, 2017). [http://www.christianpost.com/news/trump-cabinet-members-gather-weekly-for-prayer-session-senate-and-house-also-hold-bible-studies-181770/ Trump Cabinet Members Gather Weekly for Prayer Session; Senate and House Also Hold Bible Studies]. ''The Christian Post''. Retrieved April 29, 2017.</ref><ref>Haverluck, Michael F. (April 29, 2017). [https://www.onenewsnow.com/church/2017/04/27/trump-cabinet-fellowships-thru-prayer-bible-study Trump cabinet fellowships thru prayer, Bible study]. ''One News Now''. Retrieved April 29, 2017.</ref> This suggested that the Trump Administration is, at least in part, striving to be under [[God]].<ref>Bakinski, Pete (April 29, 2017). [https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/mike-pence-sponsors-bible-study-for-trump-cabinet Mike Pence sponsors Bible study for Trump cabinet]. ''Life Site News''. Retrieved April 29, 2017.</ref>

In May 2017, Pence created a PAC, called the "Great America Leadership PAC," to help fund the GOP in upcoming elections, becoming the first sitting vice president to do so.<ref>Spiering, Charlie (May 18, 2017). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2017/05/18/mike-pence-creates-great-america-leadership-pac/ Mike Pence Creates ‘Great America’ Leadership PAC]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 18, 2017.</ref>

Vice President Pence played an active and relatively important role in the [[Trump Administration]],<ref>Westwood, Sarah (June 18, 2017). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/mike-pence-stays-above-trump-scandals-and-in-touch-with-capitol-hill/article/2625973 Mike Pence stays above Trump scandals and in touch with Capitol Hill]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved July 1, 2017.</ref><ref name="Envoy2017">O'Sullivan, Mike (December 31, 2017). [https://www.voanews.com/a/pence-role-presidential-envoy/4186257.html Pence Carving a Role as Presidential Envoy]. ''Voice of America''. Retrieved December 31, 2017.</ref> including representing the administration in foreign countries.<ref name="Envoy2017"/><ref>O'Sullivan, Mike (August 11, 2017). [https://www.voanews.com/a/vice-president-mike-pence-embraces-role-key-diplomat/3982273.html US VP Pence Embraces Role as Key Diplomat]. ''Voice of America''. Retrieved August 11, 2017.</ref> A July 2017 poll found Pence to be the most popular national political official and the only one with a positive rating – of both Republicans and Democrats – with 45% approving and 44% disapproving.<ref>Bedard, Paul (July 13, 2017). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/pence-rises-only-dc-leader-with-positive-approval-rating/article/2628554 Pence rises: Only DC leader with positive approval rating]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved July 13, 2017.</ref> Pence used his role in the Trump Administration to promote socially conservative policies.<ref>Abutaleb, Yasmeen; Mason, Jeff (January 19, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-pence/in-year-of-drama-and-chaos-pence-quietly-advances-conservative-agenda-idUSKBN1F82NO In year of drama and chaos, Pence quietly advances conservative agenda]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved January 20, 2018. See also:
*[https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2018/01/20/look-vice-president-pences-first-year-office-key-takeaways/1048778001/ A look at Vice President Pence's first year in office: key takeaways]. ''USA Today''. January 20, 2018. Retrieved January 20, 2018.</ref>

Despite his generally conservative positions, Pence was the keynote speaker at a political strategy retreat for the [[Koch Brothers]], who take left-wing positions on several issues, particularly [[illegal immigration]] and [[globalism]].<ref>Binder, John (September 29, 2017). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2017/09/29/vp-mike-pence-to-be-keynote-speaker-at-pro-amnesty-koch-brothers-retreat/ VP Mike Pence to Be Keynote Speaker at Pro-Amnesty Koch Brothers’ Retreat]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 29, 2017.</ref>

In the early morning hours of January 7, 2021, Pence illegally certified the results of the [[2020 presidential election]] in favor of the Democrat Party candidate [[Joe Biden]], even though Biden illegally benefited from massive amounts of voting fraud committed by the Democrats and their operatives to steal the election from President Trump.<ref>[https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2021/01/breaking-traitor-mike-pence-certifies-bidens-election-victory/ BREAKING: Traitor Mike Pence Certifies Biden’s Election ‘Victory’] at the Gateway Pundit</ref> In doing so, however, Pence fully exposed himself as being a liberal RINO, effectively ending his political career, as well as a traitor to America. Trump subsequently responded to Pence's betrayal in a statement publicized via Trump's White House Deputy Chief of Staff [[Dan Scavino]], stating:
{{Cquote|Even though I totally disagree with the outcome of the election, and the facts bear me out, nevertheless there will be an orderly transition on January 20th. I have always said we would continue our fight to ensure that only legal votes were counted. While this represents the end of the greatest first term in presidential history, it’s only the beginning of our fight to Make America Great Again!<ref>[https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2021/01/breaking-president-trump-issues-statement-responding-electoral-certification/ BREAKING: President Trump Issues Statement Responding to Electoral Certification] at the Gateway Pundit</ref>}}

===Transition team===
:{{See also|Trump transition}}
As head of the Trump transition team, Pence recommended [[Dan Coats]] for [[DNI]], [[Michael Atkinson]] as [[Intelligence Community]] Inspector General (ICIG), [[James Mattis]] as [[Secretary of Defense]], and [[Dana Boente]] to head the [[DOJ-NSD]], all later proven anti-Trump [[Deep State]] operatives.

===Coronavirus task force===
Pence led the White House [[coronavirus task force]].<ref>[https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2020/apr/3/donald-trump-hits-3m-after-company-accused-selling/ Trump hits 3M after company is accused of selling masks to foreign countries over U.S. buyers] - ''The Washington Times''</ref>

===Election integrity===
:{{See also|Democrat election fraud}}
On December 22, 2020, Pence spoke at a [[Turning Point USA]] event in West Palm Beach, Florida where he told the crowd that “as our election contest continues, I’ll make you a promise. We’re going to keep fighting until every legal vote is counted. We’re going to keep fighting until every illegal vote is thrown out. we’re going to win Georgia, we’re going to save America, and we’ll never stop fighting to make America great again. You watch.”<ref>https://www.rev.com/blog/transcripts/mike-pence-speech-at-turning-point-usa-event-transcript-december-22</ref>

Despite this, Pence certified the heavily disputed 2020 presidential election results, and attended the inauguration of illegitimate president [[Joseph Biden]] in January 2021.

== Post-vice presidency (2021-2023) ==
On 17 June 2022, Mike Pence was lauded by [[far-left]] newspaper ''[[New York Times]]'' for what it described as "courage" in certifying the heavily disputed election results.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/17/opinion/letters/mike-pence-jan-6.html We Should Thank Mike Pence for His Courage on Jan. 6]</ref>

In the November 2022 United States elections, Pence endorsed numerous [[establishment]], [[globalist]], anti-Trump, [[Deep State]] RINOs. For example, he endorsed Rebecca Kleefisch in the Wisconsin gubernatorial election.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/07/27/pence-rebecca-kleefisch-wisconsin/ Pence endorses Kleefisch for governor in Wisconsin, breaking from Trump]</ref>

On February 9, 2023, the [[Biden FBI]] raided Pence's private residence looking for classified materials.

== 2024 United States presidential campaign (2023-present) ==
After his presidential campaign was launched on June 5, 2023, having filed to enter into the 2024 United States presidential campaign, Pence formally announced that he was running for the presidency on June 7. As of the time of Pence launching his campaign, only 5% of the Republican Party supported his nomination.<ref name="forbes7623" />

At the launch of his presidential campaign in Iowa, Pence, in a display of [[Narcissistic personality disorder|narcissistic]] betrayal, said that his former running mate Donald Trump should "never be president again".<ref name="forbes7623">[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ySB5uTeuaVU Mike Pence Says Trump ‘Should Never Be President Again’—Launching 2024 Bid With Potent Attacks]</ref>

In late June 2023, just days after [[Ukrainian]] [[dictator]] [[Volodymyr Zelensky]] cancelled [[democratic]] [[election]]s,<ref>https://dainikbidyaloy.com/2023/06/29/zelensky-cancels-elections-announces-he-will-remain-president-indefinitely/</ref> Pence made a public appearance with the [[deep state]]-controlled puppet in [[Kyiv]].<ref>https://news.yahoo.com/zelenskyy-meets-pence-kyiv-065636328.html?guccounter=1</ref> Pence came out of the closet and exposed himself as a [[neocon]] warmonger and servant of [[lobbyist|lobbyists]] for the [[military industrial complex]] when he proclaimed his support for the [[neo-fascist]] [[Kyiv regime]] in a ''[[Wall Street Journal]]'' op-ed entitled, ''Only Weapons Can End the Ukraine War.''<ref>https://www.wsj.com/articles/weapon-military-humanitarian-aid-ukraine-russia-war-mike-pence-biden-e5a5daba</ref> When asked by [[Tucker Carlson]] to justify his support for [[Ukrainian Nazi]]sm while American cities fall into ruin and disrepair, Pence responded that America was "not my concern."<ref>[https://americanfaith.com/collapsing-american-cities-is-not-my-concern-says-pence-as-he-calls-for-more-support-to-ukraine-video/ Collapsing American Cities Is ‘Not My Concern’ Says Pence as He Calls For More Support to Ukraine (Video)], ''American Faith'', July 15, 2924</ref>

In October 2023, Pence incredibly blamed Trump and another candidate, [[Vivek Ramaswamy]], for setting the stage for the brutal [[Islam]]ic attack on [[Israel]]. Unable to find any backing, Pence dropped out of the race on October 28, 2023.

==Political philosophy==
Pence describes himself as "a [[Christian]], a conservative and a Republican, in that order."<ref name="Eason10things">Eason, Brian (July 15, 2016). [http://www.indystar.com/story/news/politics/2016/07/07/trumps-vp-10-things-know-indiana-gov-mike-pence/86746980/ Trump's VP? 10 things to know about Indiana Gov. Mike Pence]. ''IndyStar''. Retrieved October 4, 2016.</ref><ref name="Phillips">Phillips, Amber (October 4, 2016). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2016/07/14/10-things-you-should-know-about-mike-pence-who-may-join-donald-trump-on-the-gop-ticket/ Who is Mike Pence?]. ''The Washington Post''. Retrieved October 4, 2016.</ref> His political views are strongly influenced by his [[faith]] and by [[Russell Kirk]].<ref name="Eason10things"/> Pence was an early supporter of the [[Tea Party Movement|Tea Party movement]].<ref name="Phillips"/> On the other hand, Pence has a record of supporting many [[neoconservative]] and [[globalist]] policies, including high [[immigration]] levels,<ref>Munro, Neil (January 5, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/01/05/report-vp-pence-invites-pro-amnesty-sen-flake-lobby-trump/ Report: VP Pence Invites Sen. Flake To Lobby Trump For Amnesty]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved April 20, 2018.</ref> supporting trade deals which Trump labeled as "bad for America",<ref name="infowars">[https://archives.infowars.com/the-problem-with-mike-pence-hes-a-free-trade-globalist/ The Problem with Mike Pence: He's A Free Trade Globalist]</ref> and his record indicates that he is not as conservative on social issues as the [[mainstream media]] alleges.<ref>Newman, Alex (July 15, 2016). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/usnews/politics/item/23646-trump-vp-pence-globalist-neocon-or-solid-conservative Trump VP Pence: Globalist Neocon or Solid Conservative?] ''The New American''. Retrieved April 11, 2018.</ref> Pence supported neocon foreign invasions and the [[War on Terror]].<ref name="infowars" />

At the October 7, 2020 VP debate (ahead of the elections), ABC's David Muir commented: Pence was very effective in defense of President Trump.<ref>ABC News, October 7, 2020, around 10:35 PM ET</ref> [[CNN]]'s (former [[Obama]]'s aide) far-left [[Van Jones]]: "Pence made conservative ideas look normal. That is to his credit."<ref>CNN News, October 7, 2020. around 10:49 PM ET
</ref>

==Personal life==
Pence married his wife Karen in 1985, and together they have three children.<ref name="Bio"/> As a Christian and out of [[Fidelity|loyalty to his wife]], he refuses to go out to dinner with any woman if his wife is not with him.<ref>Richardson, Bradford (November 29, 2017). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2017/nov/29/mike-pence-rule-contrasts-sex-misconduct-accusatio/ Once mocked, ‘Pence rule’ gets renewed look in wake of sexual misconduct wave]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved November 30, 2017.</ref> [[Liberal]]s, who do not adhere to [[family values]], misunderstood Pence and falsely accused him of "sexism."<ref>Multiple references:
*Gonzales, Sara (March 31, 2017). [https://www.theblaze.com/news/2017/03/31/liberals-reactions-to-mike-pences-loyalty-to-his-wife-are-getting-more-unhinged-by-the-hour/ Liberals’ reactions to Mike Pence’s loyalty to his wife are getting more unhinged by the hour]. ''The Blaze''. Retrieved May 10, 2017.
*Shapiro, Ben (April 6, 2017). [https://www.cnsnews.com/commentary/ben-shapiro/human-nature-and-mike-pences-dinner-partners On Human Nature and Mike Pence's Dinner Partners]. ''CNS News''. Retrieved May 10, 2017.
Liberal sources that genuinely believe Pence is "sexist" for his moral practice:
* Abcarian, Robin (April 5, 2017). [https://www.latimes.com/local/abcarian/la-me-abcarian-pence-marriage-20170405-story.html Mike Pence won't dine alone with a woman who's not his wife. Is that sexist?]. ''Los Angeles Times''. Retrieved May 10, 2017.
* Duffy, Erin (April 5, 2017). [http://fortune.com/2017/04/05/mike-pence-wife-dinner/ How Mike Pence’s Dumb Dinner Rule Puts Women at a Disadvantage]. ''Fortune''. Retrieved May 10, 2017.</ref> Despite the fact that Pence is a Christian, he has used shameful, filthy language in public.<ref>McHugh, Katie (October 4, 2016). [https://www.breitbart.com/2016-presidential-race/2016/10/04/mike-pence-mocks-media-coverage-of-trump-this-sht-really-is-fun-to-watch/ Mike Pence Mocks Media Coverage of Trump: ‘This Sh*t Really Is Fun to Watch’]. ''Breitbart''. Retrieved October 6, 2016.</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist|colwidth=35em}}

==External links==
*[http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=p000587 Profile] on the ''Biographical Directory of the United States Congress''
*[https://ballotpedia.org/Mike_Pence Profile] on Ballotpedia
*[http://www.ontheissues.org/in/Mike_Pence.htm Mike Pence On the Issues]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pence, Mike}}
{{USVicePresidents}}
{{Election Fraud}}
{{globalism}}
{{Republican establishment}}
[[Category:Christians]]
[[Category:Christian Zionists]]
[[Category:Conservative Commentators]]
[[Category:Establishment]]
[[Category:Evangelicals]]
[[Category:Fiscal Conservatives]]
[[Category:Former Democrats]]
[[Category:Former Governors]]
[[Category:Globalists]]
[[Category:Incompetent politicians]]
[[Category:Indiana]]
[[Category:Indiana Governors]]
[[Category:Irish-Americans]]
[[Category:Koch Puppets]]
[[Category:Medical tyranny]]
[[Category:Neoconservatives]]
[[Category:PLINO]]
[[Category:Republican Establishment]]
[[Category:Republicans]]
[[Category:RINOs]]
[[Category:Tea Party Movement]]
[[Category:Trump Cabinet]]
[[Category:Former United States Representatives]]
[[Category:Vice Presidents of the United States]]
[[Category:Election Fraud]]

Mallard

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RoadtoEmmaus: Remove duplicate period after closing quotation mark

The '''Mallard''' (''Anas platyrhynchos'') of the family [[Anatidae]] is an extremely common species of [[duck]] found in Europe and North America. Most domestic ducks are derived from the mallard.

The male mallard has a bright green head, grayish-brown plumage, and a bright yellow bill. The female is a drab, mottled brown color. The male makes a low-pitched, raspy sound, while the female makes the familiar "quack."

[[Category:Birds]][[Category:Waterfowl]]
[[Category:Europe]]
[[Category:North America]]

Malaysia

2026-10-13T02:42:50Z

RoadtoEmmaus: Remove duplicate period after closing quotation mark

{{Country
|name =''Persekutuan Tanah Melayu''
|map =Malaysia rel98.jpg
|map2 =Malaysia location.png
|flag =Flag of Malaysia.png
|arms =Arms of Malaysia.png
|capital =Kuala Lumpur
|capital-raw =
|government =Federal Constitutional Monarchy
|government-raw =
|language =Malay
|king =Abdullah of Pahang
|queen =Tunku Azizah Aminah Maimunah Iskandariah
|monarch-raw =
|president =
|president-raw =
|chancellor =
|chancellor-raw =
|pm =Anwar Ibrahim
|pm-raw =
|area =127,355 sq mi
|pop =32,500,000 (2020)
|pop-basis =
|gdp =$350,000,000,000 (2020)
|gdp-year =
|gdp-pc =$10,769 (2020)
|currency =Ringgit
|idd =
|tld =
}}
'''Malaysia''' is a predominantly Muslim country in southeast [[Asia]], a [[federation]] of thirteen [[state]]s, nine of which have hereditary [[sultans]] instead of [[governor]]s. Its capital is [[Kuala Lumpur]].

==Geography==
[[File:Kuala Lumpur Malaysia.JPG|240px|left|Kuala Lumpur.]]
Malaysia is divided into two areas separated by the [[South China Sea]]: Peninsular Malaysia, located on the Malay Peninsula and sharing a border with Thailand, and East Malaysia, occupying the northern third of the island of [[Borneo]], with which it shares with [[Indonesia]] and [[Brunei]].

 

 

==People==
[[File:Malay.girls.playing.congkak.jpg|thumb|270px|left|Malay girls.]]
Malaysia's multi-racial society contains many ethnic groups. Malays comprise a majority of just over 50%. By constitutional definition, all Malays are Muslim. About a quarter of the population is ethnic Chinese, a group which historically played an important role in trade and business. Malaysians of Indian descent comprise about 7% of the population and include Hindus, Muslims, Buddhists, and Christians. Non-Malay indigenous groups combine to make up approximately 11% of the population.

Population density is highest in Peninsular Malaysia, home to some 20 million of the country's 27 million inhabitants. The remaining 7 million live on the Malaysian portion of the island of Borneo in the large but less densely-populated states of Sabah and Sarawak. More than half of Sarawak's residents and about two-thirds of Sabah's are from indigenous groups.
[[File:Masjid Jamek Kuala Lumpur.jpg|thumb|220px|Mosque ''Masjid Jamek'', Kuala Lumpur.]]
*Population: 28,274,729 (July 2010 est.).
*Annual growth rate: 1.6%.
*Ethnic groups: Malay 50.2%, Chinese 24.5%, indigenous 11.0%, Indian 7.2%, non-Malaysian citizens 5.9%, others 1.2%.
*Religions: [[Islam]] (60.4%), [[Buddhism]] (19.2%), [[Christianity]] (9.1%), Hinduism (6.3%), Confucianism (2.6%), tribal/folk (0.8%), other (0.4%), none/unknown (1.2%).
*Languages: Bahasa Melayu (official), Chinese (various dialects), English, Tamil, indigenous.
*Education: Years compulsory—6. Attendance—98.5% (primary), 82% (secondary). Literacy—93.5%.
*Health: Infant mortality rate (2005)--5.1/1,000. Life expectancy (2005)--female 76.2 years, male 71.8 years.
*Work force (10.55 million, 2005): Services—51%; industry—36% (manufacturing—28.4%, mining and construction—7.6%); agriculture—13%.

==Government==
[[File:Perbadanan-government-center-in-Putrajaya.jpg|thumb|350px|Perbadanan government center.]]
Malaysia is a constitutional [[monarchy]], nominally headed by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, customarily referred to as the king. Kings are elected for 5-year terms from among the nine sultans of the peninsular Malaysian states. The king is also the leader of the Islamic faith in Malaysia.

Executive power is vested in the cabinet led by the prime minister; the Malaysian constitution stipulates that the prime minister must be a member of the lower house of parliament who, in the opinion of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, commands a majority in parliament. The cabinet is chosen from among members of both houses of parliament and is responsible to that body.

The bicameral parliament consists of the Senate (Dewan Negara) and the House of Representatives (Dewan Rakyat). All 70 Senate members sit for 3-year terms, which are normally extended for an additional 3 years; 26 are elected by the 13 state assemblies, and 44 are appointed by the king. Representatives of the House are elected from single-member districts by universal adult suffrage. The 219 members of the House of Representatives are elected to parliamentary terms lasting up to 5 years. Legislative power is divided between federal and state legislatures.

The Malaysian legal system is based on [[English]] [[common law]]. The Federal Court reviews decisions referred from the Court of Appeal; it has original jurisdiction in constitutional matters and in disputes between states or between the federal government and a state. Peninsular Malaysia and the East Malaysian states of Sabah and Sarawak each have a high court.

The [[federal]] government has authority over external affairs, defense, internal security, justice (except civil law cases among Malays or other Muslims and other indigenous peoples, adjudicated under Islamic and traditional law), federal citizenship, finance, commerce, industry, communications, transportation, and other matters.

===Principal Government Officials===
*Chief of state: King - Tuanku Abdul Halim Mu'adzam Shah (since 11 April 2012)
*Prime Minister—Mohamed Najib bin Abdul Razak (since 3 April 2009)
*Foreign Minister—Anifah Aman
*Ambassador to the U.S.--Datin Paduka Rajmah Hussein
*Ambassador to the UN—Datuk Hamidon bin Ali

{{Clear}}

===Political Conditions===
[[Image:King street Georgetown Malaysa.jpg|thumb|250px|Georgetown (Penang).]]
Malaysia's predominant political party, the United Malays National Organization (UMNO), has held power in coalition with other parties since independence in 1957. The UMNO coalition's share of the vote declined in national elections held in May 1969, after which riots broke out in Kuala Lumpur and elsewhere, mainly between Malays and ethnic Chinese. Several hundred people were killed or injured. The government declared a state of emergency and suspended all parliamentary activities.

In the years that followed, Malaysia undertook several initiatives that became integral parts of its socioeconomic model. The New Economic Policy (NEP), launched in 1971, contained a series of affirmative action policies designed to benefit Malays and certain indigenous groups (together known as bumiputera or "sons of the soil"). The Constitution was amended to limit dissent against the specially-protected and sensitive portions of the Constitution pertaining to the social contract. The government identified intercommunal harmony as one of its official goals. The previous alliance of communally based parties was replaced with a broader coalition—the Barisan Nasional (BN) or National Front. The BN won large majorities in the 1974 federal and state elections.

Dr. Mahathir Mohamad was Prime Minister between 1981 and 2003, leading UMNO and BN to successive election victories. Mahathir emphasized economic development during his tenure, in particular the export sector, as well as large scale infrastructure projects. Mahathir attributed the success of the Asian tiger economies to the "Asian values" of its people, which he believed were superior to those of the West. Mahathir sharply criticized the International Monetary Fund (IMF), international financiers such as George Soros, and Western governments during the sharp economic and financial crisis that affected Asia in 1997–8, and denied that the downturn was due to the failures of corruption and "crony capitalism."

[[File:Skyline Kuala Lumpur.jpg|thumb|left|320px|Kuala Lumpur, the capital.]]
The end of Mahathir's tenure was marred by a falling out with his deputy and presumed successor, Anwar Ibrahim. In September 1998, Mahathir dismissed Anwar and accused him of immoral and corrupt conduct. Although Anwar was convicted on both charges in 1999 and 2000, the trials were viewed as seriously flawed. Malaysia's Federal Court eventually freed Anwar after overturning his immoral conduct conviction in September 2004.
[[File:SouthChinaSea.jpg|right|300px|thumb|Disputed claims in the South China Sea.]]
Mahathir stepped down as prime minister in October 2003 after 22 years in power, and his successor, Deputy Prime Minister Abdullah Ahmad Badawi, was sworn into office. Abdullah called elections and won an overwhelming victory in March 2004, with Barisan Nasional taking 199 of 219 seats in the lower house of parliament. UMNO itself won 110 seats. The Islamic opposition party (PAS), which had made electoral inroads in 1999, was reduced to six seats in parliament and lost control of the state of Terengganu. The left of center Democratic Action Party (DAP), with predominantly urban ethnic Chinese support, won 12 seats in parliament, and party chairman Lim Kit Siang became Leader of the Opposition in parliament.

Since taking office, Abdullah, an Islamic scholar, has promoted the concept of "Islam Hadhari" or "civilizational Islam,", emphasizing the importance of education, social harmony, and economic progress. His relationship with Mahathir eventually soured, and the former prime minister now expresses regret at supporting Abdullah to be his successor. Under the terms of the constitution, the government must next call elections no later than May 2009.

===Foreign Relations===
Regional cooperation is a cornerstone of Malaysia's foreign policy. It was a founding member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and served as the group's chair most recently in 2005–2006. It hosted the ASEAN Summit and East Asia Summit in December 2005, as well as the ASEAN Ministerial and the ASEAN Regional Forum in July 2006.

Malaysia is an active member of the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC), the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM), and the United Nations. It is the current chair of the OIC and has also chaired the NAM. Malaysia hosted the APEC Leaders' Meeting in 1998.

Malaysia is a frequent contributor to UN and other peacekeeping missions, including recent deployments to East Timor, Indonesia, Pakistan, Sierra Leone, Kosovo, and Lebanon.

==Economy==
[[Image:Petronas.jpg|thumb|340px|Petronas Twin Towers.]]
Since it became independent, Malaysia's economic record has been one of Asia's best. Real gross domestic product (GDP) grew by an average of 6.5% per year from 1957 to 2005. Performance peaked in the early 1980s through the mid-1990s, as the economy experienced sustained rapid growth averaging almost 8% annually. High levels of foreign and domestic investment played a significant role as the economy diversified and modernized. Once heavily dependent on primary products such as rubber and tin, Malaysia today is a middle-income country with a multi-sector economy based on services and manufacturing. Malaysia is one of the world's largest exporters of semiconductor devices, electrical goods, and information and communication technology (ICT) products.
*Nominal GDP: $130.8 billion.
*Annual real GDP growth rate: 7.1% (2004); 5.2% (2005).
*Per capita (GDP) income: $5,042.
*Natural resources: petroleum, liquefied natural gas (LNG), tin, minerals.
*Agricultural products: palm oil, rubber, timber, cocoa, rice, tropical fruit, fish, coconut.
*Industry: Types—electronics, electrical products, chemicals, food and beverages, metal and machine products, apparel.
*Trade: Merchandise exports--$145.0 billion: electronics, electrical products, palm oil, petroleum, liquid natural gas, apparel, timber and logs, plywood and veneer, natural rubber. Major markets—U.S. 18.8%, Singapore 15.0%, Japan 10.1%. *Merchandise imports--$118.0 billion: machinery, chemicals, manufactured goods, fuels, and lubricants. Major suppliers—Japan 16.1%, U.S. 14.6%, Singapore 11.2%.
[[File:New-Zealand-Malaysia-Free-Trade-Agreement.jpg|thumb|left|240px|[[New Zealand]] - Malaysia Free Trade Agreement.]]
The government has taken an active role in guiding the nation's economic development. Malaysia's New Economic Policy (NEP), first established in 1971, sought to eradicate poverty and to enhance the economic standing of ethnic Malays and other indigenous peoples (collectively known as "bumiputeras"). One NEP goal was to expand the share of corporate equity owned by ethnic Malays. In June 1991, after the NEP expired, the government unveiled its National Development Policy, which contained many of the NEP's goals. In April 2001, the government released a new plan, the "National Vision Policy," to guide development over the period 2001–2010. The National Vision Policy targets education for budget increases and seeks to refocus the economy toward higher-technology production. The stated goal is for Malaysia to be a fully developed economy by 2020.

The Malaysian economy went into sharp recession in 1997-1998 during the Asian financial crisis, which affected countries throughout the region, including South Korea, Indonesia, and Thailand. Malaysia's GDP contracted by more than 7% in 1998. Malaysia narrowly avoided a return to recession in 2001 when its economy was negatively impacted by the bursting of the [[dot-com bubble]] (which hurt the ICT sector) and slow growth or recession in many of its important export markets.

In July 2005, the government removed the 7-year-old peg linking the ringgit's value to the U.S. dollar at an exchange rate of RM 3.8/U.S.$1.0. The dollar peg was replaced by a managed float against an undisclosed basket of currencies. The new exchange rate policy was designed to keep the ringgit more broadly stable and to avoid uncertain currency swings which could harm exports.

==History==
[[Image:Acheen St. Mosque, Malaysa.jpg|thumb|280px|Acheen St. Mosque.]]
The early Buddhist Malay kingdom of Srivijaya, based at what is now Palembang, Sumatra, dominated much of the Malay peninsula from the 9th to the 13th centuries AD. The powerful Hindu kingdom of Majapahit, based on Java, gained control of the Malay peninsula in the 14th century. Conversion of the Malays to Islam, beginning in the early 14th century, accelerated with the rise of the state of Malacca under the rule of a Muslim prince in the 15th century. Malacca was a major regional commercial center, where Chinese, Arab, Malay, and Indian merchants traded precious goods.
[[File:Malasia.jpg|180px|left]]
Drawn by this rich trade, a Portuguese fleet conquered Malacca in 1511, marking the beginning of European expansion in Southeast Asia. The Dutch ousted the Portuguese from Malacca in 1641. The British obtained the island of Penang in 1786 and temporarily controlled Malacca with Dutch acquiescence from 1795 to 1818 to prevent it from falling to the French during the Napoleonic Wars. The British gained lasting possession of Malacca from the Dutch in 1824, through the Anglo-Dutch treaty, in exchange for territory on the island of Sumatra in what is today Indonesia.

In 1826, the British settlements of Malacca, Penang, and [[Singapore]] were combined to form the Colony of the Straits Settlements. From these strongholds, in the 19th and early 20th centuries the British established protectorates over the Malay sultanates on the peninsula. During their rule, the British developed large-scale rubber and tin production and established a system of public administration. British control was interrupted by World War II and the Japanese occupation from 1941 to 1945.
[[File:Lu Chon Min Fishing Village 1961.JPG|thumb|Lu Chon Min, Fishing Village, 1961.]]
Popular sentiment for independence swelled during and after the war. The territories of Peninsular Malaysia joined together to form the Federation of Malaya in 1948 and eventually negotiated independence from the British in 1957. Tunku Abdul Rahman became the first prime minister. In 1963 the British colonies of Singapore, Sarawak, and Sabah joined the Federation, which was renamed Malaysia. Singapore's membership was short-lived, however; it left in 1965 and became an independent republic.

Neighboring Indonesia objected to the formation of Malaysia and began a program of economic, political, diplomatic, and military "confrontation" against the new country in 1963, which ended only after the fall of Indonesia's President Sukarno in 1966. Internally, local communists, nearly all Chinese, carried out a long, bitter insurgency both before and after independence, prompting the imposition of a state of emergency from 1948 to 1960. Small bands of guerrillas remained in bases along the rugged border with southern Thailand, occasionally entering northern Malaysia. These guerrillas finally signed a peace accord with the Malaysian Government in December 1989. A separate, small-scale communist insurgency that began in the mid-1960s in Sarawak also ended with the signing of a peace accord in October 1990.

==External links==
[[File:Malasian girl.jpg|right|170px]]
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/6703155.stm Malaysia rejects Christian appeal], BBC News, 30 May 2007.
*[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/my.html Malaysia.] CIA
*[http://www.tourism.gov.my/ Tourism Malaysia Official Website.]

{{Copyright Details (US Government)}}
Source = [http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2777.htm]

{{Asian Countries}}
[[Category:Muslim-Majority Countries]]
[[Category:Asia]]
[[Category:Southeast Asia]]

Lime

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RoadtoEmmaus: Remove duplicate period after closing quotation mark

[[Image:Lime slices.jpg|thumb|left|Slices of lime.]]
[[Image:Lime.jpg|thumb|Closeup of a lime.]]

'''Limes''' are [[citrus]] [[fruit|fruits]] that are grown on [[tree|trees]]. Limes are extremely tart and very similar to [[lemon]]s. They are distinguished by their color and size; limes are green and smaller than lemons.

"Key Limes" which are grown and used in most parts of the world, are native to Southeast [[Asia]], and were brought by [[Columbus]] to the West Indies. They grow on tropical citrus trees that reach a height of 15 to 20 feet and are very sensitive to the cold, so in the United States they are grown in states with warmer climates, including [[Texas]] and [[Florida]].

The Persian or "Tahiti Lime", also grown in the United States, is a hybrid developed in the early 20th century. This lime is larger than the Key Lime, and is more resistant to disease and pests.

Limes are rich in [[Vitamin C]] and Vitamin A and were carried onboard ships to prevent [[scurvy]] in sailors, which was sometimes caused by long sea journeys without fresh fruit or other sources of vitamin C. This was commonly done by [[British]] sailors during the [[colonial]] and [[imperial]] eras, which gave them the nickname "limeys."

==References==

*http://www.sunkist.com/products/limes.asp
*http://www.foodreference.com/html/flimes.html
*http://www.healthalternatives2000.com/fruit-nutrition-chart.html
*http://www.hort.purdue.edu/ext/senior/fruits/lime1.htm
*http://extension-horticulture.tamu.edu/citrus/limes.htm
*http://www.keylime.com/horti.html

[[Category:Botany]]
[[Category:Fruits]]
[[Category:Texas]]
[[Category:Florida]]
[[Category:Asia]]

Laos

2026-10-13T02:42:46Z

RoadtoEmmaus: Remove duplicate period after closing quotation mark

{{Country
|name =''Lao People's Democratic Republic''
|map =Laos rel 2003.jpg
|map2 =Laos location.png
|flag =Flag of Laos.png
|arms =Arms of Laos.png
|capital =Vientiane
|capital-raw =
|government =Socialist Republic
|government-raw =
|language =Vietnamese
|king =
|queen =
|monarch-raw =
|president =Thongloun Sisoulith
|president-raw =
|chancellor =
|chancellor-raw =
|pm =Sonexay Siphandone
|pm-raw =
|area =91,429 sq mi
|pop =7,333,333 (2020)
|pop-basis =
|gdp =$13.74 billion
|gdp-year =2006
|gdp-pc =$2,200 (2006)
|currency =Kip
|idd =
|tld =
}}
'''Laos''' (Officially, "Lao People's Democratic Republic") is a [[country]] in southeast [[Asia]], bordering [[Cambodia]], [[Vietnam]], [[Thailand]], and [[Myanmar]]. Laos aided American forces during the [[Vietnam War]]. Its capital is Vientiane.

==People==
Laos' population was estimated at 6.5 million in mid-2007, dispersed unevenly across the country. Most people live in valleys of the Mekong River and its tributaries. Vientiane prefecture, the capital and largest city, had about 711,919 residents in 2006. The country's population density was 27/km2.

About half the country's people are ethnic Lao, the principal lowland inhabitants as well as the politically and culturally dominant group. The Lao are descended from the Tai people who began migrating southward from China in the first millennium A.D. Mountain tribes of Hmong-Yao and Tibeto-Burman (Kor and Phounoy), as well as Tai ethno-linguistic groups, are found in northern Laos. Until recently, they were known as Lao Sung or highland Lao. In the central and southern mountains, Austro-Asiatic (Mon-Khmer and Viet-Muong) tribes, formerly known as Lao Theung or mid-slope Lao, predominate. Some Vietnamese and Chinese minorities remain, particularly in the towns, but many left in two waves — after partial independence in the late 1940s and again after 1975.

The predominant religion is [[Theravada Buddhism]]. Animism is common among the mountain tribes. [[Buddhism]] and spirit worship coexist easily. There also are a small number of [[Christians]] and [[Muslims]].

The official and dominant language is Lao, a tonal language of the Tai linguistic group. Minorities speak an assortment of Mon-Khmer, Hmong-Yao, and Tibeto-Burman languages. French, once common in government and commerce, has declined in usage, while knowledge of English—the language of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)—has increased in recent years. The government is encouraging officials and students to learn English. High school students are required to take either French or English; the majority today choose English. The government plans to introduce English at the primary school level by 2010.
*Population (2007 est.): 6.5 million.
*Annual growth rate (2007): 2.4%.
*Ethnic groups: Tai-Kadai language family (6 ethnic groups)--66.2%; Austro-Asiatic (Mon-Khmer and Viet-Muong) language family (30 ethnic groups)--22.8%; Hmong-Yao (2 ethnic groups)--7.4%; Tibeto-Burman (8 ethnic groups)--2.7%; other ethnic groups (including Vietnamese and Chinese)--0.9%.
*Religions: Buddhism—65%; Christianity—1.3%; others (including animism, Baha'i, and Islam)—33.7%.
*Languages: Lao (official), French, English, and various ethnic languages.
*Education: Literacy—69%.
*Health (2007): Infant mortality rate—81.4/1,000. Life expectancy—56 years.
*Workforce (2.1 million, 2006): Agriculture—78.5%; industry and services—21.5% (2006).

==Government and Political Conditions==
The only legal political party is the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (LPRP). The head of state is President Choummaly Sayasone. The head of government is Prime Minister Bouasone Bouphavanh. Government policies are determined by the party through the all-powerful eleven-member Politburo and the 55-member Central Committee. Important government decisions are vetted by the Politburo.

Laos adopted its Constitution in 1991, amending it most recently in 2003. The National Assembly, which has added seats at every election, approves all new laws, although the executive branch retains the authority to issue binding decrees. The most recent elections took place in June 2006, when the National Assembly was expanded to 115 members. Laos has enacted a number of new laws in recent years, but the country is still governed largely through the issuance of decrees.

Since the end of the Indochina conflict, a low-level insurgency against the regime has continued. Incidents have included a series of bombings in Vientiane during the summer of 2000 and renewed spikes of violence in 2003 and 2004 against various types of land transportation and public markets. There were reports of continued fighting in 2005 and 2007. In late 2006 and 2007, several hundred former fighters and family members surrendered to Lao authorities. The United States does not endorse or support violent activities carried out against the Lao Government.

===Principal Government Officials===
*President—Choummaly Sayasone
*Prime Minister—Thongsing Thammavong
*Ambassador to the U.S.—Phiane Philakone
*Permanent Representative to the UN—Kanika Phommachanh

===Foreign Relations===
The government that assumed power in December 1975 aligned itself with the Soviet bloc and adopted a hostile posture toward the West. In ensuing decades, Laos maintained close ties with the former Soviet Union and its eastern bloc allies, and depended heavily on the Soviet Union for most of its foreign assistance. With the collapse of the Soviet Union, Laos has sought to improve relations with its regional neighbors. Laos was admitted into the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in July 1997 and applied to join the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1998. The government hopes to accede to the WTO by 2010. Currently, Laos' foreign policy concentrates on its immediate neighbors. Laos generally maintains a low profile in the larger international arena, although it has been playing an increasing role in activities of the Non-Aligned Movement.

Laos maintains a "special relationship" with Vietnam and formalized a 1977 treaty of friendship and cooperation that created tensions with China. Although the two were allies during the Vietnam War, the China-Vietnam conflict in 1979 led to a sharp deterioration in Sino-Lao relations. These relations began to improve in the late 1980s. In 1989 Sino-Lao relations were normalized. Today China is becoming a major player in Laos; Chinese investment in Laos is increasing at a rapid rate, bringing with it a growing number of Chinese workers. Thailand remains the largest single foreign investor in Laos. In 2003, Laos and Thailand signed agreements to cooperate on cross-border, labor, and counternarcotics issues. Laos and Thailand signed a joint communique in March 2007, the first in 20 years, covering infrastructure development, avian influenza, border control, and Hmong migration issues.

Laos is a member of the following international organizations: Agency for Cultural and Technical Cooperation (ACCT), Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA), ASEAN Regional Forum, Asian Development Bank, Colombo Plan, Economic and Social Commission for Asia and Pacific (ESCAP), Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), G-77, International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank), International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), International Development Association (IDA), International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), International Finance Corporation (IFC), International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, International Labor Organization (ILO), International Monetary Fund (IMF), Interpol, International Olympic Commission (IOC), International Telecommunications Union (ITU), Mekong River Commission (MRC), Non-Aligned Movement (NAM), Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA), UN, United Nations Convention on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), United Nations Educational, Social and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), Universal Postal Union (UPU), World Federation of Trade Unions, World Health Organization (WHO), World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), World Meteorological Organization (WMO), World Tourism Organization, and World Trade Organization (observer).

==Economy==
Laos is a poor, landlocked country with an inadequate infrastructure and a largely unskilled work force. The country's per capita income in 2006 was estimated to be $572. Agriculture, mostly subsistence rice farming, dominates the economy, employing an estimated 78% of the population and producing 43.4% of GDP. Domestic savings are low, forcing Laos to rely heavily on foreign assistance and concessional loans as investment sources for economic development. In 2006, donor-funded programs accounted for 13% of GDP and 70% of the capital budget. In 2006, the country's foreign debt was estimated at $3.2 billion.

Following its accession to power in 1975, the communist government imposed a harsh, Soviet-style command economy system, replacing the private sector with state enterprises and cooperatives; centralizing investment, production, trade, and pricing; and creating barriers to internal and foreign trade. Within a few years, the Lao Government realized its economic policies were preventing, rather than stimulating, growth and development. No substantive reform was introduced, however, until 1986 when the government announced its "new economic mechanism" (NEM). Initially small in scale, the NEM was expanded to include a range of reforms designed to create conditions conducive to private sector activity. Prices set by market forces replaced government-determined prices. Farmers were permitted to own land and sell crops on the open market. State firms were granted increased decision-making authority and lost most of their subsidies and pricing advantages. The government set the exchange rate close to real market levels, lifted trade barriers, replaced import barriers with tariffs, and gave private sector firms direct access to imports and credit.

In 1989, the Lao Government reached agreement with the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund on additional reforms. The government agreed to expand fiscal and monetary reform, promote private enterprise and foreign investment, privatize or close state firms, and strengthen banking. In addition, it agreed to maintain a market exchange rate, reduce tariffs, and eliminate unneeded trade regulations. A liberal foreign investment code was enacted and appears to be slowly making a positive impact in the market. The process of economic reform continues.

These reforms led to increased availability of goods and economic growth that has continued since the early 1990s, despite short-term economic setbacks resulting from the 1997 Asian financial crisis. The economy continues to be dominated by an unproductive agricultural sector operating largely outside the money economy, and the public sector continues to play an important role. Tourism is a growing industry and important source of foreign exchange. The Government of Laos is promoting infrastructure development, especially in the hydropower and mining sectors. Several large hydropower projects currently under construction are expected to increase national revenue significantly once completed.

International indices rate Laos poorly on transparency and ease of doing business. Corruption continues to hamper economic development. Laos has begun the World Trade Organization accession process, with the intention of joining that organization by 2010.
*GDP (2006 est.): $2.79 billion.
*Per capita income (2006): $572.
*GDP growth rate (2006 est.): 8.3%.
*Natural resources: Hydroelectric power, timber, and minerals.
*Agriculture (43.4% of GDP, 2006 est.): Primary products—glutinous rice, coffee, corn, sugarcane, vegetables, tobacco, ginger, water buffalo, pigs, cattle, poultry, sweet potatoes, cotton, tea, and peanuts.
*Industry (30.6% of GDP, 2006 est.): Primary types—garment manufacturing, electricity production, copper, gold, gypsum, and tin mining, wood and wood processing, cement manufacturing, agricultural processing, and tourism.
*Industrial growth rate (2006 est.): 13%.
*Services (2006 est.): 26% of GDP.
*Trade: Exports (2006 est.)--$593.6 million: garments, gold and copper, electricity, wood and wood products, coffee and other agricultural products, rattan, and tin. Major markets—Thailand, Vietnam, France, and Germany. Imports (2006 est.)--$1.092 billion. Major imports—fuel, food, consumer goods, machinery and equipment, vehicles and spare parts. Major suppliers—Thailand, China, Vietnam, Singapore.

==History==
[[Image:Katmandu Pagoda, Laos.JPG|thumb|270px|Katmandu Pagoda.]]
Laos traces its first recorded history and its origins as a unified state to the emergence of the Kingdom of Lan Xang (literally, "million elephants") in 1353. Under the rule of King Fa Ngum, this powerful and wealthy kingdom covered much of what today is Thailand and Laos. His successors, especially King Setthathirat in the 16th century, helped establish Buddhism as the predominant religion of the country.

By the 17th century, the kingdom of Lan Xang entered a period of decline marked by dynastic struggle and conflicts with its neighbors. In the late 18th century, the Siamese (Thai) established [[suzerain]]ty over much of what is now Laos. The region was divided into principalities centered on Luang Prabang in the north, Vientiane in the center, and Champassak in the south. Following their colonization of Vietnam, the French supplanted the Siamese and began to integrate all of Laos into the French empire. The Franco-Siamese treaty of 1907 defined the present Lao boundary with Thailand.
During World War II, the Japanese occupied French Indochina, including Laos. King Sisavang Vong of Luang Prabang was induced to declare independence from France in 1945, just prior to Japan's surrender. During this period, nationalist sentiment grew. In September 1945, Vientiane and Champassak united with Luang Prabang to form an independent government under the Free Laos (Lao Issara) banner. The movement, however, was short-lived. By early 1946, French troops reoccupied the country and conferred limited autonomy on Laos following elections for a constituent assembly.
During the first Indochina war between France and the communist movement in Vietnam, Prince Souphanouvong formed the Pathet Lao (Land of Laos) resistance organization committed to the communist struggle against colonialism. Laos was not granted full sovereignty until the French defeat by the Vietnamese and the subsequent Geneva peace conference in 1954. Elections were held in 1955, and the first coalition government, led by Prince Souvanna Phouma, was formed in 1957. The coalition government collapsed in 1958, amidst increased polarization of the political process. Rightist forces took over the government.

In 1960, Kong Le, a paratroop captain, seized Vientiane in a coup and demanded the formation of a neutralist government to end the fighting. The neutralist government, once again led by Souvanna Phouma, was not successful in holding power. Rightist forces under Gen. Phoumi Nosavan supplanted it later that same year. Subsequently, the neutralists allied themselves with the communist insurgents and began to receive support from the Soviet Union. Phoumi Nosavan's rightist regime received support from the United States.

{{Anchor|Ho Chi Minh Trail}}

A second Geneva conference, held in 1961–62, provided for the independence and neutrality of Laos. Soon after accord was reached, the signatories accused each other of violating the terms of the agreement, and with [[superpower]] support on both sides, the [[civil war]] soon resumed. Although Laos was to be neutral, a growing American and North Vietnamese military presence in the country increasingly drew Laos into the second Indochina war (1954–75). For nearly a decade, Laos was subjected to extremely heavy bombing as the U.S. sought to interdict the portion of the Ho Chi Minh Trail that passed through eastern Laos. Unexploded ordnance, particularly [[cluster munition]]s, remains a major problem.
In 1972, the communist People's Party renamed itself the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (LPRP). It joined a new coalition government in Laos soon after the Vientiane cease-fire agreement in 1973. Nonetheless, the political struggle among communists, neutralists, and rightists continued. The fall of Saigon and Phnom Penh to communist forces in April 1975 hastened the decline of the coalition in Laos. Several months after these communist victories, the Pathet Lao entered Vientiane. On December 2, 1975, the king abdicated his throne and the communist Lao People's Democratic Republic (LPDR) was established.

The new communist government imposed centralized economic decision-making and broad security measures, including control of the media and the arrest and incarceration of many members of the previous government and military in "re-education camps." These draconian policies and deteriorating economic conditions, along with government efforts to enforce political control, prompted an exodus of lowland Lao and ethnic Hmong from Laos. About 10% of the Lao population sought refugee status after 1975, many of whom resettled in third countries, including the United States. From 1975 to 1996, the U.S. resettled some 250,000 Lao refugees from Thailand, including 130,000 Hmong. The last major resettlement to the United States of about 15,000 Hmong from the Wat Tham Krabok camp was in 2004.

Over time, the Lao Government closed the re-education camps and released most political prisoners. By the end of 1999, more than 28,900 Hmong and lowland Lao had voluntarily repatriated to Laos—3,500 from China and the rest from Thailand. The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) monitored returnees for a number of years and reported no evidence of systemic persecution or discrimination against returnees per se. UNHCR closed its Laos office at the end of 2001.

==See also==
* [[Religion and Atheism in Laos]]
* [[Big government]] [[Welfare state]] leads to [[Nanny state]], leads to [[Police state]]
* [[Liberal totalitarianism]]

{{Copyright Details (US Government)}}
Source = [http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2770.htm]

{{Asian Countries}}
[[Category:Landlocked Countries]]
[[Category:Buddhism]]
[[Category:Communist States]]
[[Category:Police State]]
[[Category:Asia]]
[[Category:Left-wing Nationalism]]
[[Category:Welfare State]]
[[Category:Southeast Asia]]

Kosovo

2026-10-13T02:42:45Z

RoadtoEmmaus: Remove duplicate period after closing quotation mark

{{Country
|name =''Republika e Kosovës'' ''Република Косово''
|map =Kosovo ref01.jpg
|flag =Flag of Kosovo.png
|arms =Arms of Kosovo.png
|capital =Pristina
|capital-raw =
|government =NATO protectorate
|government-raw =
|language =Albanian, Serbian
|king =
|queen =
|monarch-raw =
|president =Vjosa Osmani
|president-raw =
|chancellor =
|chancellor-raw =
|pm =Albin Kurti
|pm-raw =
|area =4,203 sq mi
|pop =2.1 million
|pop-basis =2000
|gdp =$4 billion
|gdp-year =2007
|gdp-pc =$4,469 (2020)
|currency =Euro
|idd =
|tld =
}}
The '''Republic of Kosovo''' is a [[NATO]]-occupied province which was forcibly severed from [[Serbia]] in violation of Serbia's [[sovereign]] territorial rights by the [[Clinton administration]] in 1999 and converted into a [[Western alliance|Western]] puppet state. The area has been under [[United Nations]] administration because of conflict stemming from the [[Clinton administration]]. Kosovo's population is mostly ethnic-[[Albania]]n, in contrast to the rest of the population of Serbia.

Kosovo was once an almost totally [[Serbia]]n land. Under the long [[Ottoman]] rule, the land became more and more inhabited by Albanian migrants. The [[Turkey|Turkish]] dominators favored the arrival of Albanians which ended up turning a [[Christian]] region into a [[Muslim]]-majority one. By the early 20th century, the Serbs were still in the majority, but because of demographic changes such as a high Albanian birth rate and Serb migration, they became the minority.<ref>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/01/20/wserb20.xml Serbs fear losing soul of their nation in Kosovo]</ref> [[Enver Hoxha]], the [[Stalinism|Stalinist]] dictator of [[Albania]] from 1944 to his death in 1985, took advantage of this and created the precursor to the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA), an international narco-terrorist drug smuggling organization, in 1979.<ref>[http://unddr.org/docs/Beating%20Swords%20Into%20Plowshares.pdf BEATING SWORDS INTO PLOWSHARES: Reintegration of Former Combatants in Kosovo], United Nations Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Resource Centre</ref>

Like [[Slovenia]], [[Croatia]], and [[Bosnia]], Albanian separatists in Kosovo tried to break off from Serbia in the 1990s. NATO aggression culminated in the [[Kosovo War]], with both the United States and United Nations intervening.

In January 2008, the former U.S. Ambassador to the U.N. [[John Bolton]], former U.S. Secretary of State Lawrence Eagleburger and former Assistant Defense Secretary Peter Rodman warned in a joint statement that Western recognition of Kosovo independence would create "an avoidable confrontation with [[Russia]]" and "turn what is now a relatively small problem into a large one."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2008/jan/31/warning-light-on-kosovo/|title=Warning light on Kosovo|publisher=[[The Washington Times]]|date=2008-01-31|accessdate=2008-08-29}}</ref> On 17 February 2008, the Prime Minister of Kosovo, former KLA commander Hashim Thaci, declared independence from Serbia.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/18/world/europe/18kosovo.html?ex=1360990800&en=579b01366cbc2ea5&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss Kosovo Declares Its independence From Serbia]</ref>

U.S. President [[George W Bush]] announced that he would disregard the 1999 peace agreement and support an independent Kosovo protected by NATO. Russia and Serbia condemned this [[unilateral]] action. Russian President [[Vladimir Putin]] described the recognition of Kosovo independence by the United States as "a terrible precedent which will de facto blow apart the whole system of [[international relations]] developed not over decades but over centuries."

==Geography==
*Area: 10,887 square kilometers (4,203 square miles), slightly smaller than Connecticut.
*Capital: Pristina.
*Terrain: Varied.
*Climate: Temperate.

==People==
[[File:Kosovo Albanian ethnic costume and dance.JPG|thumb|Albanian ethnic costume and dance.]]
*Population (2000 est.): 2.1 million.
*Ethnic groups: 90% ethnic Albanians, 6% ethnic Serbs, 2% Bosniaks and Gorani; 1.5% Roma, Ashkali, and Egyptians; 1% Turks.
*Religion: The majority ethnic Albanian population, as well as the Bosniak, Gorani, and Turkish communities, and some of the Roma/Ashkali/Egyptian communities are adherents of Islam. The ethnic Serb population is largely Serb Orthodox. Approximately 3% of ethnic Albanians are Roman Catholic.
*Languages: Albanian (official), Serbian (official), Roma, Turkish (official only in municipality of Prizren), Bosniak, English.
*Education: Adult literacy rates (2004 est.): 94.12% (men 97.30%, women 91.30%). Enrollment (2003 est.)--96% of children ages 7–15 enrolled in primary school.
*Health: Infant mortality rate—23.7/1000. Total fertility rate, births per woman (2000 est.)--2.7. Life expectancy (2003 est.)--75 years.

==Government and Political Conditions==
[[File:Statue of Bill Clinton in Kosovo.jpg|thumb|In Pristina, Hillary Clinton visited an 11-foot statue of her husband Bill, who backed the 1999 NATO air campaign that destroyed Belgrade.]]
In 2001, UNMIK promulgated a Constitutional Framework that established Provisional Institutions of Self-Government (PISG) for Kosovo. Under the Constitutional Framework, the President of Kosovo is the head of state and serves a term of 5 years with the right to one re-election. The Prime Minister is the head of government and is elected by the Kosovo Assembly.

The unicameral Kosovo Assembly consists of 120 seats, 10 seats of which are reserved for ethnic Serbs, and 10 seats for other minorities (4 seats for the Roma, Ashkali and Egyptian communities (RAE), 3 seats for the Bosniak community, 2 seats for the Turkish community, and 1 seat for the Gorani community). Three of the remaining 100 seats are also held by minority members (for a total of 13). All members serve 4-year terms. Jakup Krasniqi (PDK party) is President of the Assembly.

These arrangements were superseded by Kosovo's new constitution, which entered into force on June 15, 2008. Under the new constitution, which enshrines the relevant provisions of the Ahtisaari Plan, Kosovo will undergo a comprehensive shift in governance from the Constitutional Framework of 2001 to a legal charter based upon its new status as an independent state.

The main political parties in Kosovo include the Democratic League of Kosovo (LDK), formerly led by Ibrahim Rugova and now led by Kosovo President Fatmir Sejdiu; Democratic Party of Kosovo (PDK), led by former KLA political chief Hashim Thaci; and the Alliance for the Future of Kosovo (AAK), led by former KLA commander Ramush Haradinaj. Kosovo held its first parliamentary elections in November 2001. After significant political wrangling, politicians agreed to establish a coalition government in March 2002, with Bajram Rexhepi (PDK) as Prime Minister and Ibrahim Rugova (LDK) as President. In the same year, the Kosovo Assembly began to function and pass its first laws. Beginning in 2003, UNMIK began transferring governing competencies to these ministries.

On November 17, 2007, Kosovo held parliamentary and municipal elections. These elections were deemed free and fair by international observers. The PDK gained 34.3% of the vote, the LDK gained 22.6%, the New Kosovo Alliance (AKR) won 12.3%, the Democratic League of Dardania (LDD) won 10%, and the AAK won 9.6%. Smaller minority parties also made some small gains. These elections led to a coalition between the LDK and the PDK and to the elevation of Hashim Thaci as Prime Minister of Kosovo. At the behest of Serbian leaders in Belgrade, virtually all Kosovo Serbs again boycotted the vote.

In June 2008, UN Secretary General Ban decided to "reconfigure" UNMIK and reduce the size of the UN presence in Kosovo, effectively ending the UN's role as administrator of Kosovo and welcoming EU deployment of its Rule of Law Mission (EULEX). As Ban stated in his report to the Security Council, "UNMIK will no longer be able to perform effectively the vast majority of its tasks as an international administration." The EU will gradually assume increasing responsibility in the areas of policing, justice, and customs throughout Kosovo.

The Kosovo judicial system started adapting to the new legal charter on June 15, 2008. Supreme Court judges and prosecutors, district court judges, and municipal court judges already appointed by the SRSG will continue to serve in their posts until the expiry of their appointment. After the transfer of rule of law functions to the Government of Kosovo, the Kosovo Judicial Council (KJC) will propose to the President of Kosovo candidates for appointment or reappointment as judges and prosecutors.

===Principal Government Officials===
*President—
*Prime Minister—Albin Kurti
*Foreign Minister—
*Ambassador to the United States—
*Ambassador to the United Nations—

===Foreign Relations===
In March 2008, Kosovo passed legislation to establish a foreign ministry. This legislation went into effect on June 15, 2008. The Government of Kosovo appointed Skender Hyseni as its first foreign minister. The Government of Kosovo has not yet established diplomatic missions overseas but is expected to do so soon.

===Relations with the United States===
[[File:Biden Belgrade war crimes.PNG|right|300px|thumb|[[Joe Biden]] war crimes in Serbia.<ref>https://youtu.be/927i2HAgxms</ref>]]

The United States and Kosovo established diplomatic relations on February 18, 2008. The strong bilateral ties the United States shares with Kosovo are maintained through the U.S. Embassy in Pristina, which was opened on April 8, 2008, by then-Chargé d'Affaires ad interim Tina Kaidanow. Prior to independence, the United States maintained U.S. Office Pristina (USOP), with a chief of mission. The U.S. also continues to contribute troops to the Kosovo Force (KFOR), and will be providing staff to the ICO and EULEX missions.

During a European Commission-hosted international Donors' Conference on July 11, 2008, the United States pledged $400 million for 2008–2009 to support, among many other things, helping relieve debt Kosovo may inherit. U.S. assistance in Kosovo continues to support good governance through strengthening civil society and political processes, especially targeting minority communities, and will strengthen economic institutions and help private enterprise grow.

====1998 NATO aggression====

{{See also|Clinton administration}}
In 1998, President [[Bill Clinton]] attempted to justify NATO's continued existence as a distraction from the [[impeachment]] movement against him.<ref>https://mises.org/wire/new-kosovo-indictment-reminder-bill-clintons-serbian-war-atrocities</ref> Under Clinton, the [[United States]] led its NATO allies on a bombing campaign allegedly to stop Yugoslav President [[Slobodan Milošević]]'s ethnic cleansing of the Albanians in Kosovo. The mission in Kosovo did not go as well as planned. After the air strikes, havoc reigned over Kosovo, abuses continued, and human rights organizations listed abuses committed by the Alliance members during the campaign. In an attempt to solve the violence, NATO countries and the [[United Nations]] took on a mission to stabilize and reconstruct the country. The NATO intervention was illegal, destructive, and based on fraudulent claims.<ref>[http://www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=va&aid=1666 The U.S.-NATO Military Intervention in Kosovo.]</ref>

<blockquote>
James Bissett, a former Canadian ambassador to Yugoslavia, Bulgaria and Albania, wrote: "the Central Intelligence Agency assisted by the British Special Air Service were training KLA members in Albania and in the summer of 1998 sending them back into Kosovo to assassinate Serbian mayors, ambush Serbian policemen and intimidate hesitant Kosovo Albanians. The aim was to destabilize Kosovo and overthrow [[Serbia]]n strongman Slobodan Milosevic... The hope was that with Kosovo in flames NATO could intervene ..."<ref>[http://www.catholicapologetics.info/modernproblems/currenterrors/unation.htm The United Nations:Chief Instrument of Russia's Errors by Cornelia R. Ferreira.] CATHOLIC APOLOGETICS.</ref>
</blockquote>
NATO deliberately bombed the [[People's Republic of China]] (PRC) embassy in Belgrade,<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/1999/oct/17/balkans</ref> which provoked a militarization of the PRC in subsequent decades.<ref>https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202103/1219579.shtml</ref>

====2022 NATO aggression====

On July 26, 2022 [[Biden regime]] foreign minister [[Antony Blinken]] visited Kosovo.<ref>https://www.state.gov/secretary-blinkens-meeting-with-kosovan-president-osmani-and-prime-minister-kurti/</ref> Days later, fighting broke out on the Serbian border.<ref>https://www.bitchute.com/video/rmUpdHopchZj/</ref> On July 31, 2022, tensions erupted as the NATO puppet attempted to implement discriminatory laws against Serbs.<ref>https://youtu.be/XfBfhBaB8dI</ref><ref>https://youtu.be/2S44XQ78oMg</ref> Serbian President [[Aleksandar Vucic]] issued a plea for peace in Kosovo. “The atmosphere has been heated up, and the Serbs will not suffer any more atrocities. My plea to everyone is to try to keep the peace at almost any cost. I am asking the Albanians to come to their senses, the Serbs not to fall for provocations, but I am also asking the representatives of powerful and large countries, which have recognized the so-called independence of Kosovo, to pay a little attention to [[international law]] and reality on the ground and not to allow their wards to cause conflict.”. Church bells rang in alarm across the northern part of the province amid reports that armed ethnic Albanians were gathering for another pogrom of the remaining Serbs – as had happened in 2004. Kosovo special forces appeared in the city of Kosovska Mitrovica.<ref>https://www.bitchute.com/video/LhaozSvOvRnN/</ref> Albanian special forces were deployed to the administrative line.<ref>https://www.bitchute.com/video/6i4UfsvW4Oml/</ref>

==Economy==
Kosovo's economy has shown significant progress since the conflict of the 1990s; it is, however, still significantly dependent on the international community and the diaspora for financial and technical assistance. Remittances from the diaspora, located mainly in Germany and Switzerland, account for about 30% of GDP.
[[File:National Public Library in Prishtina Kosovo.jpg|thumb|left|300px|National Public Library in Prishtina.]]
Kosovo's citizens are the poorest in Europe, with an average annual per capita income of approximately $1,800, about one-third the level of neighboring Albania. Most of Kosovo's population lives in rural towns outside of the capital, Pristina. Inefficient, near-subsistence farming is common, the result of small plots, limited mechanization, and lack of technical expertise.

As a result of international assistance, Kosovo has been able to privatize 50% of its state-owned enterprises (SOE) by number, and over 90% of SOEs by value. Privatized companies have been able to increase sales sevenfold and attract more than 450,000 euros (approximately $688,500) in new investment. Technical assistance to the Kosovo Electricity Corporation (KEK) has helped improve procedures for billing and collections, increased revenues, strengthened internal accounting procedures and controls, and rationalized budgeting and investment planning. The installation of bulk meters at the sub-station level is facilitating greater accountability for collection performance at the district level. The U.S. Government has cooperated with the World Bank to prepare a commercial tender for the development of new generation and mining capacity. The capacity of KEK's workforce was bolstered by continuing on-the-job training provided to 325 employees.

Economic growth is largely driven by the private sector, mostly small-scale retail businesses. The official currency of Kosovo is the Euro, but the Serbian dinar is also used in Northern Kosovo and other areas where ethnic Serbs predominate. Kosovo's use of the Euro has helped keep inflation low. Kosovo has maintained a budget surplus as a result of efficient tax collection and efficient budget execution. In order to help integrate Kosovo into regional economic structures, UNMIK signed (on behalf of Kosovo) its accession to the Central Europe Free Trade Area (CEFTA) in 2006. In February 2008, UNMIK also represented Kosovo at the newly established Regional Cooperation Council (RCC).

Some of the commodities that Kosovo exports are: mineral products, base metals, leather products, machinery, and appliances. Its main export partners are countries that are members of CEFTA. Some of the products that it imports include: live animals and animal products, fruit and vegetable products, minerals, food products, base materials, machinery, appliances and electrical equipment, textiles and related products, wood and wood products, stone, ceramic and glass products, and chemical products. Its main import partners are the EU, Macedonia, Serbia, Turkey, and Albania.
*GDP (2007 est.): $4 billion.
*Per capita GDP at PPP (2007 est.): $1,755.
*GDP composition by sector: Agriculture 25%, industry 20%, services 55%.
*Agriculture: Products—Fruits and vegetables (potatoes, berries), wheat, corn, wine, beef.
*Industry: Mineral mining, energy, telecommunications, forestry, agriculture, metal processing, construction materials, base metals, leather, machinery, appliances.
*Income and employment (2001 est.): 53% of the Kosovo labor force is unemployed; 50.3% of Kosovo's citizens live below the poverty line, and 12% live in extreme poverty.

====Trade and Industry====
Kosovo has been laying the foundations of a market-oriented economy for the past eight years but is still struggling to develop viable and productive domestic industries. Kosovo has one of the lowest export/import rates in the region. In 2007, Kosovo imported $2.3 billion in goods and services and exported only $151 million, resulting in a trade deficit close to 65% of Kosovo's GDP. This deficit is largely financed through foreign assistance and remittances from Kosovo's diaspora. Kosovo's leading industries are mining, energy, and telecommunications.

====Agriculture====
Agricultural land comprises 53% of Kosovo's total land area and forests 41%. According to data from the Food and Agriculture Organization, 741,316 acres of land are under cultivation and 444,789 acres are upland pasture. The majority of agricultural land is privately owned (80%), providing subsistence farming for individual households. Although Kosovo's agricultural sector is generally characterized by small farms, low productivity, and the absence of advisory services, agriculture contributes around 25% of Kosovo's overall GDP. Agriculture is the largest employment sector in Kosovo, providing jobs for 25% to 35% of the population, primarily on an informal basis. The agricultural sector also accounts for 16% of total export value and remains an important creator of national wealth, although Kosovo is still an importer of many agricultural products, which accounted for 24% of overall imports ($448.7 million) in 2005. Forestry in Kosovo is minimal; wood-processing and wood products (flooring and furniture) are industry contributors, although not yet in significant numbers.

==History==
Kosovo has been inhabited since the Neolithic Era. During the medieval period, Kosovo became home to many important Serb religious sites, including many architecturally significant Serbian Orthodox monasteries. It was the site of a 14th-century battle in which invading Ottoman Turks defeated an army led by a Serbian Prince named Lazar.

The Ottomans ruled Kosovo for more than four centuries, until Serbia acquired the territory during the First Balkan War in 1912–13. First partitioned in 1913 between Serbia and Montenegro, Kosovo was then incorporated into the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes (later named Yugoslavia) after World War I. During World War II, parts of Kosovo were absorbed into Italian-occupied Albania. After the Italian capitulation, Nazi Germany assumed control over Kosovo until Tito's Yugoslav Partisans entered at the end of the war.

After World War II, Kosovo became an autonomous province of Serbia in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (S.F.R.Y.). The 1974 Yugoslav Constitution gave Kosovo (along with Vojvodina) the status of a Socialist Autonomous Province within Serbia. As such, it possessed nearly equal rights as the six constituent Socialist Republics of the S.F.R.Y. In 1981, riots broke out and were violently suppressed after Kosovo Albanians demonstrated to demand that Kosovo be granted full Republic status.

====The Kosovo Conflict and NATO Intervention====
{{See also|NATO war in Serbia}}
In the late 1980s, Slobodan Milosevic propelled himself to power in Belgrade by exploiting the fears of the Serbian minority in Kosovo. In 1989, he eliminated Kosovo's autonomy and imposed direct rule from Belgrade. Belgrade ordered the firing of most ethnic Albanian state employees, whose jobs were then assumed by Serbs.

In response, Kosovo Albanian leaders began a peaceful resistance movement in the early 1990s, led by Ibrahim Rugova. They established a parallel government funded mainly by the Albanian diaspora. When this movement failed to yield results, an armed resistance emerged in 1997 in the form of the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA). The KLA's main goal was to secure the independence of Kosovo.

In late 1998, Milosevic unleashed a brutal police and military campaign against the KLA, which included widespread atrocities against civilians. As Milosevic's [[ethnic cleansing]] campaign progressed, over 800,000 ethnic Albanians were forced from their homes in Kosovo. Intense international mediation efforts led to the Rambouillet Accords, which called for Kosovo autonomy and the insertion of NATO troops to preserve the peace. Milosevic's failure to agree to the Rambouillet Accords triggered a NATO military campaign to halt the violence in Kosovo. This campaign consisted primarily of aerial bombing of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (F.R.Y.), including Belgrade, and continued from March through June 1999. After 78 days of bombing, Milosevic capitulated. Shortly thereafter, the UN Security Council adopted Resolution 1244 (1999), which suspended Belgrade's governance over Kosovo, and under which Kosovo was placed under the administration of the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK), and which authorized a NATO peacekeeping force. Resolution 1244 also envisioned a political process designed to determine Kosovo's future status.

<blockquote>
The NATO air campaign lasted 78 days, resulting in 2,500 civilian deaths, 89 of whom were children, and 1,031 dead soldiers and police officers; around 6,000 civilians were injured, of whom 2,700 were children. More than half of the casualties from NATO attacks were among Kosovo Albanians, although the western officials had claimed the intervention was necessary to protect them and named it “Merciful Angel”.
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
Authorities in Belgrade estimated the material damage caused by NATO’s strikes close to USD 100bn. A third of the country’s electric energy capacity was destroyed, while refineries in Pančevo and Novi Sad were also attacked. The decision to go forward with the campaign was made without the consent of the UN Security Council, which was something that had never happened before. [http://rickrozoff.wordpress.com/2011/03/25/stop-nato-news-march-24-2011/]
</blockquote>

As ethnic Albanians returned to their homes, elements of the KLA conducted reprisal killings and abductions of ethnic Serbs and Roma in Kosovo. Thousands of ethnic Serbs, Roma, and other minorities fled from their homes during the latter half of 1999, and many remain displaced.

=====NATO war crimes=====
[[File:Apartment building burns in Belgrade 1999 after NATO air raids on power grid in Serbia..jpg|thumb|left|250px|Apartment building burns in Belgrade in 1999. The building caught fire as residents were cooking with firewood during a power blackout after NATO air raids on power grid in Serbia.]]
According to Professor Robert Hayden from the University of Pittsburgh:

{{quotebox-float|''"NATO's attacks have been aimed against civilian targets since literally the first night of the bombing, when a tractor factory in the Belgrade suburb of Rakovica was destroyed by cruise missiles. Since then NATO targets have included roads, railroad tracks and bridges hundreds of miles from Kosovo, power plants, factories of many kinds, food processing and sugar processing plants, water pumping stations, cigarette factories, central heating plants for civilian apartment blocks, television studios, post offices, non-military government administrative buildings, ski resorts, government official residences, oil refineries, civilian airports, gas stations, and chemical plants. NATO's strategy is not to attack Yugoslavia's army directly, but rather to destroy Yugoslavia itself, in order to weaken the army. With this strategy it is military losses that are "collateral damage," because most of the attacks are aimed at civilian targets."}}

The level of damage done to clearly non-military infrastructural targets in [[Serbia]] would seem to render NATO military commanders and at least some NATO political leaders liable to the same charge that was made against Ratko Mladi and Radovan Karadi by the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY), "extensive destruction of property:" that they individually and in concert with others planned, instigated, ordered or otherwise aided and abetted in the planning, preparation or execution of the extensive, wanton and unlawful destruction of ... property, not justified by military necessity or knew or had reason to know that subordinates were about to destroy or permit others to destroy ... property or had done so and failed to take necessary and reasonable measures to prevent this destruction or to punish the perpetrators thereof."

The war supposedly in defense of human rights has produced war crimes by NATO, and a civilian casualty rate that is at least three times higher than the casualty rate of the "intolerable" violations of human rights that NATO was supposedly acting to correct.<ref>[http://jurist.law.pitt.edu/hayden.htm Humanitarian Hypocrisy.] University of Pittsburgh.</ref>

====Kosovo Under UN Administration====
The UN established the UN Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK), under the control of a Special Representative of the Secretary General (SRSG). In 2001, UNMIK promulgated a Constitutional Framework that provided for the establishment of Provisional Institutions of Self-Government (PISG).

Under UNMIK's guidance, Kosovo established new institutions (both at the municipal and central levels), held free elections, and established a multi-ethnic Kosovo Police Service (KPS). The KLA was demobilized, with many of its members incorporated into the Kosovo Protection Corps (KPC), a civilian emergency services organization. UNMIK gradually turned over more governing competences to local authorities.

In March 2004, Kosovo experienced its worst inter-ethnic violence since the Kosovo war. The unrest in 2004 was sparked by a series of minor events that soon cascaded into large-scale riots. Kosovo Serb communities and Serbian Orthodox churches were targeted in the violence.

After many years of international administration, Kosovo Albanian authorities continued to press the international community to begin a process to define Kosovo's future status.

In October 2004, Kosovo held elections for the second 3-year term of the Kosovo Assembly. For the first time, Kosovo's own Central Election Commission administered these elections, under Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) guidance. The main ethnic Albanian political parties were the same as in the 2001 elections, but with the addition of the new party ORA, led by Veton Surroi, and two new Kosovo Serb parties: the Serbian List for Kosovo and Metohija (SLKM) led by Oliver Ivanovic, and the Citizens Initiative of Serbia led by Slavisa Petkovic. In contrast to the previous Kosovo Government, this election produced a "narrow" coalition of two parties, the LDK and AAK. The December 3, 2004 inaugural session of the Kosovo Assembly re-elected Ibrahim Rugova as President and Ramush Haradinaj as Prime Minister.

In March 2005, Haradinaj resigned as Prime Minister after he was indicted for war crimes by the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY); Haradinaj voluntarily surrendered to authorities and traveled to The Hague to face charges. (Haradinaj was acquitted of all charges on April 3, 2008.) The Kosovo Assembly subsequently elected Bajram Kosumi (AAK) as Prime Minister; Kosumi's resignation in March 2006 led to his replacement with Agim Ceku. After President Rugova's death in January 2006, he was replaced by Fatmir Sejdiu.

=====2004 pogrom=====
On March 17 and 18, 2004, in Kosovo and Metohija, eight Serbs were killed on their doorstep, about 4,000 people were permanently displaced, 900 houses and apartments destroyed, 35 churches and monasteries of the Serbian Orthodox Church were damaged and destroyed, including 19 cultural monuments of the first order.

In the rampage and terror that took place in Kosovo and Metohija on March 17 and 18, a total of 954 people were injured; 170 Serbs suffered serious injuries at the time. 61 KFOR members and 65 international police officers were also injured during the events. Ethnically, six towns and nine villages were completely cleansed. After March 17, Serbs were no longer in Pristina; there were no Serbs in Ferizaj, Gjilan, or Gjakova.

It all started with an accusation, a claim that has never been proven, that the Serbs were guilty of drowning three Albanian boys in the Ibar River, which took place on March 16 in the afternoon. An international investigation launched by UNMIK could not prove that, as Albanian media reported at the time, Serb bandits with dogs chased Albanian boys and forced them into the cold river. An avalanche of lies was launched, a manipulated crowd took to the streets and on March 17 Kosovo was "set on fire."

According to estimates by international organizations, between 50,000 and 70,000 Albanians were on the streets of Kosovska Mitrovica, Caglavica, Prizren, Kosovo Polje, Ferizaj, Peja, Gjilan, Pristina on that day... The riots continued on March 18, affecting Obilic, the village of Svinjare, and the Monastery of Devič.

====Kosovo's Status Process====
In 2005, a UN envoy, Norwegian diplomat Kai Eide, was appointed to review progress in Kosovo. Eide reported uneven progress on many key issues, especially with respect to promoting multi-ethnicity in Kosovo, but said that there was no advantage to be gained by further delaying a future status process.

In November 2005, the Contact Group (France, Germany, Italy, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States) produced a set of "Guiding Principles" for the resolution of Kosovo's future status. Some key principles included: no return to the situation prior to 1999, no changes in Kosovo's borders, and no partition or union of Kosovo with a neighboring state. The Contact Group later said that Kosovo's future status had to be acceptable to the people of Kosovo.

====The Ahtisaari Process====
In November 2005, United Nations Secretary General Kofi Annan appointed Martti Ahtisaari, former president of Finland, to lead a future status process. Special Envoy Ahtisaari's diplomatic efforts addressed a broad range of issues important to Kosovo's future, including decentralization of local government, protecting Kosovo's cultural and religious heritage in Kosovo, economic issues, and safeguarding the rights of minorities. Over the course of 2006 and early 2007, Ahtisaari brought together officials from Belgrade and Pristina to discuss these practical issues and the question of status itself.

Ahtisaari subsequently developed a comprehensive proposal for Kosovo's future status, which set forth a series of recommendations on Kosovo's democratic governance and substantial protections for minorities. Ahtisaari also recommended that Kosovo become independent, subject to a period of international supervision. He proposed that a new International Civilian Office (ICO) be established to supervise Kosovo's implementation of its obligations under the Ahtisaari Plan. A European Union (EU)-led rule of law mission (subsequently named EULEX) would also be deployed to focus on the police and justice sector, while a NATO-led stabilization force would continue to provide for a safe and secure environment. Pristina accepted the Ahtisaari recommendations, but Belgrade rejected them.

On April 3, 2007, Ahtisaari presented his plan to the UN Security Council. Due to Russian opposition, the Security Council could not reach agreement on a new Security Council resolution that would pave the way for the implementation of the Ahtisaari recommendations.

After several months of inconclusive discussions in the Security Council, the Contact Group agreed to support a new period of intensive engagement to try to find an agreement between Belgrade and Pristina on Kosovo's status. A "Troika" of representatives from the European Union, the Russian Federation, and the United States, began this effort in August 2007. UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon asked them to report on their efforts no later than December 10, 2007. The German ambassador to the United Kingdom, Wolfgang Ischinger, represented the EU; Alexander Botsan-Kharchenko represented the Russian Federation; and Ambassador Frank Wisner represented the United States.

After an intense series of Troika-led negotiations, including a high-level conference in Baden, Austria, the Troika's mandate ended in December without an agreement between the parties. In its final report, the Troika explained that it explored with the parties every realistic option for an agreement, but it was not possible to find a mutually acceptable outcome.

====Independence====
Kosovo declared its independence from Serbia on February 17, 2008. In its declaration of independence, Kosovo committed to fulfilling its obligations under the Ahtisaari Plan, to embrace multi-ethnicity as a fundamental principle of good governance, and to welcome a period of international supervision.

The United States formally recognized Kosovo as a sovereign and independent state on February 18, 2008. To date, Kosovo has been recognized throughout the [[collective west]] and other states from the Americas, Africa, and Asia. Shortly after independence, a number of states established an International Steering Group (ISG) for Kosovo that appointed Dutch diplomat Pieter Feith as Kosovo's first International Civilian Representative (ICR).

As part of its commitment to the Ahtisaari Plan, the Kosovo Government rapidly enacted, after independence, laws on minority protection, [[gay rights]], decentralization, special protection zones for Serb cultural and religious sites, local self-government, and municipal boundaries.

The Kosovo Assembly approved a constitution in April, and it entered into force on June 15, 2008. ICR Feith certified that the constitution was in accordance with the Ahtisaari Plan. At the time of certification, ICR Feith also congratulated Kosovo on a modern constitution that "provides comprehensive rights for members of communities as well as effective guarantees for the protection of the national, linguistic and religious identity of all communities."

==Further reading==
*[http://rpc.senate.gov/releases/1998/kosovo.htm Bosnia II: The Clinton Administration Sets Course for NATO Intervention in Kosovo], [[United States Senate]], 1998-08-12
*[http://nobsblog.blogspot.com/1999/01/clinton-wag-dog-no-kosovo-genocide.html Clinton Wag the Dog -- No Kosovo Genocide], German Foreign Office Report, January 6, 1999.
*[https://www.senate.gov/~rpc/releases/1999/fr033199.htm The Kosovo Liberation Army: Does Clinton Policy Support Group with Terror, Drug Ties?: From 'Terrorists' to 'Partners'], United States Senate, 1999-03-31

== References ==
<references/>

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[[Category:Disputed Territories]]
[[Category:Europe]]
[[Category:Landlocked Countries]]
[[Category:Muslim-Majority Countries]]

Globalism

2026-10-13T02:42:39Z

RoadtoEmmaus: Remove duplicate period after closing quotation mark

[[File:United Nations flag.png|thumb|300px|Flag of the [[United Nations]]]]
[[File:European Union flag.png|thumb|300px|The [[European Union]] is one of the numerous globalist, left-wing organizations in the world.]]
{{See also|One-world government}} - globalism's goal
{{See also|War on Sovereignty}}
'''Globalism''' is the failed [[liberal]] [[authoritarian]] desire for a "one world" view that rejects the important role of nations in protecting values, public health and safety, and in promoting productivity. Globalism is anti-[[America]] in encouraging Americans to adopt a "world view" rather than an "American view." The ultimate goal of globalism is the eventual unification of humanity under a [[one-world government]]. Communists and Marxists are using globalization to advance their political aims.<ref>[https://www.theepochtimes.com/chapter-seventeen-globalization-communism-at-its-core_2795606.html Chapter Seventeen: Globalization – Communism at Its Core]. ''The Epoch Times''. February 9, 2019. Retrieved April 26, 2019.</ref> Globalism incites unnecessary wars, such as the [[Russia Ukraine conflict 2022|Russia-Ukraine conflict in 2022]].

Harms caused by globalism include the spread of deadly diseases, such as the [[coronavirus]]. Globalism also brings misguided support of unsuccessful political systems used by other countries to the [[United States]]. Globalists dealt themselves a severe blow when they cut themselves off from the Russian market with sanctions as a result of the [[Russia-Ukraine war]],<ref>[https://archive.ph/ukVfw Economic Blacklist of Russia Marks New Blow for Globalization], By Josh Zumbrun, ''The Wall Street Journal'', March 10, 2022.</ref> ushering in a divided world and a [[New Cold War]].<ref>[https://www.rutherford.org/publications_resources/john_whiteheads_commentary/the_rise_of_global_fascism_and_the_end_of_the_world_as_we_know_it The Rise of Global Fascism and the End of the World as We Know It], By John W. Whitehead & Nisha Whitehead, The Rutherford Institute, March 08, 2022.</ref>

Globalists oppose [[nationalism]], [[national sovereignty]], and [[self-governance]]. Instead, they favor [[open borders]], [[free trade]],<ref>Scaliger, Charles (August 20, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/print-magazine/item/29719-free-trade-isn-t-really-about-trade “Free Trade” Isn’t Really About Trade]. ''The New American''. Retrieved August 20, 2018.</ref><ref>Gomez, Christian (September 13, 2019). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/usnews/foreign-policy/item/33405-bilateral-betrayal-the-road-to-globalist-serfdom Bilateral Betrayal: The Free Trade Route to Globalism]. ''The New American''. Retrieved September 13, 2019.</ref> [[H-1B visas]], interventionism, foreign aid, and changing the [[U.S. Constitution]]. They oppose strong border security and the building of [[border wall]]s. Globalists virulently opposed [[Donald Trump]] in 2016. Instead, globalists preferred [[Jeb Bush]], [[John Kasich]], [[Marco Rubio]] and [[Ted Cruz]] for the nomination, the latter of whom have voted in favor of the globalist agenda as senators. Globalists can come from several political leanings, from the [[far-left]] to those considered on the right-of-center.<ref>Leahy, Michael Patrick (October 31, 2017). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2017/10/31/paul-singer-and-george-soros-billionaire-bookends-of-globalist-opposition-to-trump-agenda/ Paul Singer and George Soros: Billionaire Bookends of Globalist Opposition to Trump Agenda]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved November 1, 2017.</ref> [[George Soros]] and the [[Koch brothers]] are globalists. Globalists falsely claim that mass migration is necessary for economic growth.<ref>Binder, John (July 27, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/07/27/fail-9-times-globalists-claimed-mass-immigration-is-necessary-to-increase-gdp/ Fail: 9 Times Globalists Claimed Mass Immigration Is Necessary to Increase GDP]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 28, 2018.</ref> While they often claim to support "liberal democracy," they usually align themselves with authoritarian communist regimes like China.<ref>Jasper, William F. (November 16, 2019). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/print-magazine/item/33806-the-pigmen-of-the-deep-state The Pigmen of the Deep State]. ''The New American''. Retrieved November 16, 2019.</ref>

Liberals support globalism because it leads to centralized power, thereby providing liberals with an easier way to gain control. Liberals can more easily persuade a handful of people in a centralized government to rule in their favor than convince everyone of their agenda in a decentralized form of government. Goals of [[America]] globalists include:
*"harmonizing" our laws with foreign ones, rather than vice-versa
*[[amnesty]] for [[illegal alien]]s, [[open borders]], no [[border wall]]
*more visas for guest workers
*repealing the [[Second Amendment]]
*eliminating the [[abortion]] issue from politics by making ''[[Roe v. Wade]]'' permanent
*repealing the [[Electoral College]]
*a parliamentary style of government
*repealing the [[Treaty Clause]]
*supporting many unnecessary treaties, like [[NAFTA]] and the [[Paris climate agreement]], which don't receive Senate approval
*removing state sovereignty and, eventually, establishing a [[one-world government]]
[[File:Globalist fascism.PNG|left|400px|thumb|[[President Macron]] of France speaking at a globalist convention with an open display of their [[fascist]] agenda with a [[swastika]].]]
European globalists (also known as [[Europhile]]s) have similar goals, including the removal of national sovereignty and eventually establishing a politically unified Europe and world government,<ref>Newman, Alex (August 20, 2013). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/item/16343-the-eu-regionalization-trumps-sovereignty The EU: Regionalization Trumps Sovereignty]. ''The New American''. Retrieved November 25, 2017. See also:
*Duke, Selwyn (January 28, 2019). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/europe/item/31321-rallying-the-troops-globalist-intellectuals-warn-that-the-eu-is-coming-apart Rallying the Troops, Globalist “Intellectuals” Warn That the EU is “Coming Apart”]. ''The New American''. Retrieved January 29, 2019.</ref> encouraging mass migration<ref>Newman, Alex (August 20, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/print-magazine/item/29717-globalists-created-the-refugee-crisis Globalists Created the Refugee Crisis]. ''The New American''. Retrieved August 20, 2018.</ref> from countries that do not share the values of the European host countries, and the support of [[crony capitalism]]. Not only do they attempt to establish centralized control over Europe, but they also seek authority over the United States, as illustrated by an incident in 2018 where several European politicians claimed President Trump's tariffs were illegal and violated "international law."<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trade-g7-scholz/u-s-tariff-move-breaks-international-law-german-finance-minister-idUSKCN1IX3BB U.S. tariff move breaks international law: German finance minister]. ''Reuters''. May 31, 2018. Retrieved May 31, 2018.</ref><ref>[http://time.com/5297934/emmanuel-macron-donald-trump-tariffs/ French President Macron Calls President Trump's Tariff Decision 'Illegal']. ''Time'' (from the ''Associated Press''). May 31, 2018. Retrieved May 31, 2018.</ref><ref>Deacon, Liam (June 1, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2018/06/01/eu-attacks-trumps-illegal-tariffs-takes-us-ttrade-court-threatens-trade-war/ EU, Macron Attack Trump’s ‘Illegal’ Tariffs, Take U.S. to Trade Court, Threaten Trade War]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved June 1, 2018.</ref>

Theologically conservative/orthodox Christians believe that the ultimate reason for the push for globalism and one-world government is rebellion against God leading up to the [[Antichrist]]. Rather than submit to God and recognize that only He can unite the world and bring world peace, liberal globalists seek to create utopia themselves and glorify humanity rather than God.<ref>Multiple references:
*[[Hohmann, Leo]] (October 16, 2016). [https://www.wnd.com/2016/10/is-globalism-actually-demonic/ Is Globalism Actually Demonic?] ''WND''. Retrieved December 26, 2017.
*Castle, Darrell (May 7, 2018). [https://www.conservativenewsandviews.com/2018/05/07/clergy/global-collective-new-god/ The Global Collective – Our New God]. ''Conservative News and Views''. Retrieved May 7, 2018.
See also:
*[https://www.gotquestions.org/Christian-globalization.html Should a Christian be opposed to globalization?] ''[[GotQuestions]]''. Retrieved December 26, 2017.
*[https://www.gotquestions.org/one-world-government.html Does the Bible prophesy a one-world government and a one-world currency in the end times?] ''[[GotQuestions]]''. Retrieved December 26, 2017.</ref> Additionally, because Christianity is "exclusionary" – including, but not limited to, its claim that faith in Jesus is the only way to Heaven – it is antithetical to the universal values required to "govern the Earth."<ref>Duke, Selwyn (December 1, 2019). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/culture/faith-and-morals/item/34193-intellectual-dark-web-professor-says-christianity-contrary-to-values-needed-to-govern-earth Intellectual Dark Web Professor Says Christianity Contrary to Values Needed to “Govern” Earth]. ''The New American''. Retrieved December 1, 2019.</ref> Some globalists wish to effectively create a unified world religion.<ref>Williams, Thomas D. (January 2, 2020). [https://www.breitbart.com/faith/2020/01/02/former-vatican-chief-slams-globalist-dreams-of-world-unity-religion/ Former Vatican Chief Slams Globalist Dreams of ‘World Unity’ Religion]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved January 2, 2020.</ref>

According to the Oxford American Dictionary, '''globalism''' is the advocacy of "the interpretation or planning of economic and foreign policy in relation to events and developments throughout the world." In its most extreme forms, it is sometimes expressed using terms such as "one world," support for a single world government, and/or terms such as "world citizen" or "global citizen." Some globalist groups such as the World Federalist Movement, and some non-Christian religions such as [[Bahai]], actively campaign for world government. "Global" is a currently fashionable term in [[business]], where the term "international" would be more appropriate usage; the term "international" implies business operations between a few countries, while "global" implies worldwide business, making it an adequate term for some forms of business that do operate across the world. Many aspects of globalism fall under the umbrella of [[globalization]], which refers to how local phenomena can become global phenomena.
[[File:WHO-CCP Wuhan virus.PNG|right|300px|thumb|The [[World Health Organization]], a globalist [[NGO]] headed by a Marxist [[fellow traveller]], publicly announced that the [[Wuhan virus]] originating in [[China]] posed no threat of contagious reaction between humans.<ref>https://dailycaller.com/2020/03/18/flashback-who-china-coronavirus-contagious/</ref> Within a month the [[planet]] faced a global [[pandemic]].]]
The term "global" looks at the world as a single cohesive unit, while the term "international" better recognizes the world's different countries, different cultures, different languages, different ethnicities, and national borders. Thus the two terms are not the same thing, and using them interchangeably is often incorrect; however, it should be noted that the two are not mutually exclusive. Globalists tend to see themselves as "open" and "progressive", while their opponents want a "closed" society, ''The Economist'', a globalist publication, has admitted this is not the case.<ref>Munro, Neil (March 20, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/03/20/economist-open-society-advocates-are-narcissistic-cosmopolitans/ The Economist: ‘Open Society’ Advocates Are ‘Narcissistic Cosmopolitans’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved March 20, 2018.</ref>

Globalism also involves the theory of a "global economy" in which the economic achievements of most, if not all, nations are interdependent with those of other nations around the world because of international trade. This is possible because of recent technological inventions such as the internet. For example, a farmer in [[Ghana]] can now be assured that he is paid the standard market price for a particular crop because of the standards set in Chicago, which he can check with a telephone or internet connection.

Bhagwati (2004) explains how globalization has delivered a better standard of living in less developed countries, and how experiments with protectionist "import substitution" policies have systematically failed. He demonstrates that anti-globalism comprises a discontented brew of anti-capitalism, anti-corporatism, and anti-Americanism. His case that globalization has benefited the poor uses a two-step argument: trade enhances economic growth, and growth reduces poverty. He contrasts the failure of protectionism to deliver prosperity in post-colonial India and other countries with the progress and development in East Asia and other more outward-oriented countries. The growth spurred by globalization has not only expanded the pie but has done so in a way that is "socially benign" and possesses "a human face," says Bhagwati. Bhagwati refutes the liberal argument — heard frequently in the Democrat primary debates — that the U.S. must impose labor and environmental standards on poor countries in any future trade agreements. On the contrary, he shows that U.S. multinationals do not seek out less developed countries with low standards; instead, they locate most of their affiliates in other high-wage, high-standard countries, and when they do invest in poor countries, they invariably pay wages and maintain standards far above those prevailing in the local economy. The result is not a "race to the bottom," but a race to the top. An inescapable implication is that if the Democrats succeed in withholding U.S. trade and investment from poor countries because they are poor, it will mean slower growth in those countries: fewer girls studying in school, and more working in farms, factories, and brothels.<ref>See the [https://www.nationalreview.com/books/griswold200406010921.asp review by Daniel T. Griswold, "The Road to Wealth," ''National Review'' April 19, 2004]</ref>

==Developments towards a one world government==
:''Main article: [[One-world government]]''

==Quotations==
*There are four distinct dimensions of globalism: [[economic]], [[military]], [[environmental]] — and [[social]]. [http://www.theglobalist.com/StoryId.aspx?StoryId=2392]
*Globalization implies neither equity — nor homogenization. In fact, it is equally likely to amplify differences — or at least make people more aware of them. [Ibid]
*On the United Nations: Large majorities approve of strengthening the United Nations by giving it the power to have its own standing peacekeeping force, regulate the international arms trade and investigate [[human rights]] abuses. [http://www.infowars.net/articles/june2007/250607study.htm]

==Alternate definition==
Although today the term "globalism" is usually used to describe the liberal "one world" view, there exists a second, lesser-known definition.

The earliest known academic use of the term "globalism" occurred in 1943 in ''The War for Man’s Soul'', a book written by Ernst Jäckh, a professor at [[Columbia University]] who had fled [[Germany]] following the rise of [[Adolf Hitler]]. In his book, Jäckh uses the term "globalism" to describe not a liberal "one world" view, but rather Hitler's aspirations for world domination:
{{cquote|"Hitler … reaches out for the sun itself. He has set out to conquer the world to make the globe a German possession! He aims at more than military or economic and political conquest. He has embarked on a “holy war” as the God-sent leader of a “chosen people” bred not for imperialism but for globalism—his world without end."<ref>Zimmer, Ben (March 14, 2018). [https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2018/03/the-origins-of-the-globalist-slur/555479/ The Origins of the 'Globalist' Slur]. ''The Atlantic''. Retrieved August 30, 2018.</ref>}}
This definition has been used (and perhaps abused) by political scientists who view globalism solely in terms of [[geopolitics]] instead of political [[ideology]] and [[economics]]. For example, [[National Globalism|National Globalist]] political scientist [[Alexander Dugin]] has used the term to describe what he perceives as American hegemony in terms of [[politics]], economics, and [[military]]; and has defended entities normally associated with globalism such as the European Union, [[Islamism]], and [[China]] as being in fact ''victims and potential allies'' against globalism.<ref>Dugin, Alexander (January 18, 2018). [https://www.geopolitica.ru/en/article/globalisation-and-its-enemies Globalisation And Its Enemies]. ''Geopolitica.ru''. Retrieved August 30, 2018.</ref>

==See also==
* [[Nationalism vs. globalism]]
* [[Globalization]]
* [[Nationalism]]
* [[Euroskepticism]]
* [[Cultural Marxism]]
* [[United Nations]]
*[[World Health Organization]]
* [[Previous Breaking News/United Nations|Articles about the '''United Nations''' from previous "In the news"]]
* [[League of Nations]]
* [[Atheism and international cooperation among atheists]]
* [[Young World Leaders]]

== Poor international cooperation among atheists ==

''See also:'' [[Atheism and international cooperation among atheists]]

In recent years, international cooperation among atheists has been low (see: [[Atheism and international cooperation among atheists]]).

==External links==
*[https://www.un.org/ United Nations] - Official site

===Sites critical of the U.N. and globalism===
*[http://www.unwatch.org UN Watch]
*[http://www.unisevil.com/temp213.htm UN is Evil]
*[http://www.aim.org/wls/category/united-nations/ What Liberals Say - Category: United Nations], [[Accuracy In Media]]
* [https://www.americanthinker.com/2009/10/un_agenda_21_coming_to_a_neigh.html American Thinker explanation]

===Further reading on the topic matter===
*[https://www.theepochtimes.com/chapter-seventeen-globalization-communism-at-its-core_2795606.html Chapter Seventeen: Globalization – Communism at Its Core], ''The Epoch Times'' (from ''How the Specter of Communism Is Ruling Our World'').
*[https://www.gotquestions.org/one-world-government.html Does the Bible prophesy a one-world government and a one-world currency in the end times?] ''[[GotQuestions]]''. Retrieved March 18, 2017.
*[https://www.gotquestions.org/new-world-order.html What is the New World Order?] ''[[GotQuestions]]''. Retrieved March 18, 2017.
*[https://www.gotquestions.org/Christian-globalization.html Should a Christian be opposed to globalization?] ''[[GotQuestions]]''. Retrieved March 18, 2017.
*[https://www.gotquestions.org/United-Nations-end-times.html Does the Bible say the United Nations will have a role in the end times?] ''[[GotQuestions]]''. Retrieved March 18, 2017.

==Further reading==
* Jagdish Bhagwati, ''In Defense of Globalization'' (2004)

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Coronavirus}}
{{Globalism}}
{{Liberalism}}
{{Deep State}}
{{Republican establishment}}
[[Category:Globalism]]

Fox News Channel

2026-10-13T02:42:35Z

RoadtoEmmaus: Remove duplicate period after closing quotation mark

{{Infobox organization
| name = Fox News Channel {{Verified}}
[[Image:FNC logo.jpg|center|200px]]
| established =
| founder = Roger Ailes, Rupert Murdoch
| founding_location =
| type =
| status = News Channel
| headquarters = New York, United States
| website = https://www.foxnews.com/
}}
The '''Fox News Channel''' is an [[American]] pro-war [[cable]] and [[satellite]] news aggregator, mostly commentary without any real reporting. It is owned by Fox Corporation while it invests in [[sports gambling]] and promotes that [[addiction]].<ref>"Fox Corporation has a stake in FanDuel, with an upcoming option to acquire nearly 19%." [https://gamblingharm.org/erin-andrews-fanduel-responsible-gaming-sponsorship-role/ GamblingHarm.org]</ref> Fox News's profit model is to take advertising dollars based on attracting elderly [[conservative]] viewers ('''''average age of viewers is 68'''''<ref>https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2024/01/22/cable-news-decline-column-00136657#:~:text=As%20Los%20Angeles%20Times%20reporter,percent%20of%20the%20television%20audience.</ref>), and then plow that money into [[liberal]] causes and self-enrichment of its owners and studio-limited talking heads. It is part of a [[globalist]]-promoting media conglomerate that is fundamentally opposed to the [[conservative movement]] and [[Opposition to Donald Trump|Donald Trump]], and turned against him yet again immediately after the [[2022 midterm elections]].<ref>https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2022/11/10/donald-trump-on-warpath-former-president-accuses-rupert-murdoch-fox-news-of-promoting-ron-desantis/</ref>

On April 18, 2023, Fox News sold out the [[First Amendment]] by agreeing to pay an unprecedented $787.5 million<ref>https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2023/04/smartmatic-fox-news-lawsuit-dominion-settlement-complaint.html</ref> rather than defend the constitutional right to speak out on political issues. To try to save itself a few bucks, Fox News shamefully weakened First Amendment rights. On April 24, 2023, Fox News terminated one of its few genuinely [[conservative]] commentators, [[Tucker Carlson]], despite his record-high ratings. [[Dan Bongino]], the top weekend conservative host on the network, was also fired the same month. Fox News lost credibility as a result.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=DellaVigna|first1=Stefano|last2=Kaplan|first2=Ethan|date=August 1, 2007|title=The Fox News Effect: Media Bias and Voting|url=https://academic.oup.com/qje/article/122/3/1187/1879517|journal=The Quarterly Journal of Economics|language=en|volume=122|issue=3|pages=1187–1234|citeseerx=10.1.1.537.1980|doi=10.1162/qjec.122.3.1187|issn=0033-5533|s2cid=16610755}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Nie|first1=Norman H.|last2=Miller|first2=Darwin W., III|last3=Golde|first3=Saar|last4=Butler|first4=Daniel M.|last5=Winneg|first5=Kenneth|year=2010|title=The World Wide Web and the U.S. Political News Market|journal=American Journal of Political Science|language=en|volume=54|issue=2|pages=428–439|doi=10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00439.x|issn=1540-5907}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Meyers|first1=Christopher|date=July 2, 2020|title=Partisan News, the Myth of Objectivity, and the Standards of Responsible Journalism|url=https://doi.org/10.1080/23736992.2020.1780131|journal=Journal of Media Ethics|volume=35|issue=3|pages=180–194|doi=10.1080/23736992.2020.1780131|issn=2373-6992|s2cid=221538960}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Shor|first1=Eran|year=2019|title=Political Leaning and Coverage Sentiment: Are Conservative Newspapers More Negative Toward Women?|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/ssqu.12563|journal=Social Science Quarterly|volume=100|issue=1|pages=307–319|doi=10.1111/ssqu.12563|issn=1540-6237}}</ref>

On November 9, 2020, former Fox News employee [[Steven Crowder]] and his colleagues at ''Louder with Crowder'' ran a segment titled, "Fox News Is Not Your Friend! Here's Why..." detailing how the Fox News Channel is [[politically correct]] rather than conservative, and why Fox News is virtually no different in most substantive aspects from the left-wing corporate media. They discussed Fox News' suspension of Judge [[Jeanine Pirro]] for planning to review allegations of voter fraud in the [[United States presidential election, 2020|2020 election]]; Fox News calling the state of [[Arizona]] for [[Joe Biden]] before all other mainstream media outlets; Chris Wallace's subpar performance as a moderator in the first presidential debate of 2020; the false assertion that President Trump refused to condemn white supremacy and the temper tantrum after refusing to accept White House Press Secretary [[Kayleigh McEnany]]'s answer with numerous quotes from President Trump directly condemning white supremacy; Fox News' hiring of former DNC Chairwoman [[Donna Brazile]]; and Fox News' collusion with [[YouTube]] to algorithmically promote itself as an "authoritative source" at the expense of smaller, independent creators. Crowder additionally recalled being "muzzled" during his time at Fox News, and argued that the reason he was censored may have been consistent conservatism, not inappropriate humor as he had previously assumed. This heavy and unrestrained criticism of Fox News lasted for over half an hour before the commentators moved on to a different topic.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FSRhdurEnZc Fox News is NOT Your Friend! Here's Why... | Good Morning #MugClub], November 9, 2020.</ref>

Some conservatives, including [[President Trump]], have noticed that it is shifting increasingly [[liberal|left-wing]].<ref>Nolte, John (November 19, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/the-media/2018/11/19/did-fox-news-cost-gop-orange-county/ Did Fox News Cost the GOP Orange County?] ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved November 19, 2018.</ref> On March 27, 2020, Fox fired conservative host Trish Regan for accurately pointing out that the [[liberal media]] was overhyping the [[coronavirus]] issue as deja vu of their failed attempt to [[impeachment and removal|impeach and remove]] President [[Donald Trump|Trump]].<ref>https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/27/media/trish-regan-fox-news/index.html</ref> Just when fairness was needed, its news anchor [[Chris Wallace]] sided with [[liberals]] against President [[Trump]] in the [[presidential debates 2020|first presidential debate of 2020]]. Through advertising revenue, Fox News takes a billion dollars annually from armchair conservative viewers and plows that money into liberal foundations that advance the [[Leftist]] agenda for elections and the [[global warming]] hoax.<ref>James Murdoch and his wife Kathryn fund [[Quadrivium]], which then distributes millions to liberal groups, as explained by CNBC [https://www.cnbc.com/2020/09/09/how-james-and-kathryn-murdoch-became-a-political-power-couple-in-the-trump-era.html here].</ref>

Fox News has been criticized for promoting liberal [[Republicans]] rather than conservative ones, such as the late [[John McCain]] and [[Lindsey Graham]]. The channel favors [[neoconservatives]] and is particularly weak in criticizing the [[homosexual agenda]] and [[abortion]]. The Fox News Channel often helps elect less conservative [[Republican]]s, as when it repeatedly featured and promoted John McCain and [[Chris Christie]] while excluding their more conservative primary opponents. It drifted further from the [[Conservative Movement|conservative movement]] by petulantly declaring that conservative [[Newt Gingrich]] would not be accepted back.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.politico.com/blogs/burns-haberman/2012/04/ailes-newt-cant-come-back-to-fox-120421.html|title=Ailes: Newt can't come back to Fox|date=April 13, 2012|first=Alexander|last=Burns|work=[[Politico]]}}</ref> In January 2019, Fox News promoted Microsoft's [[NewsGuard]], which blacklisted conservative organizations such as [[Breitbart News]] and [[Judicial Watch]] as "fake news."<ref>Nolte, John (January 28, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/the-media/2019/01/28/fox-news-promotes-microsofts-newsguard-blacklist-good-idea/ Nolte: Fox News Promotes Microsoft’s NewsGuard Blacklist as ‘Good Idea’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved January 28, 2019. See also:
*Nolte, John (January 28, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/the-media/2019/01/28/nolte-blacklisters-microsofts-newsguard-label-proven-hoaxes-credible/ Nolte: Blacklisters at Microsoft’s NewsGuard Label Proven Hoaxes ‘Credible’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved January 28, 2019.</ref>

Fox News has been criticized for regurgitating stories originally reported by other sources and for a lack of original reporting of its own. However, because it is much more conservative than the rest of the mainstream media, Fox News has been fiercely opposed and targeted by liberals,<ref>Harper, Jennifer (May 25, 2017). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2017/may/25/inside-the-beltway-the-strategic-war-on-fox-news/ Inside the Beltway: The strategic war on Fox News]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved May 25, 2017.</ref> the mainstream media,<ref>Scarry, Eddie (April 10, 2018). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/fox-news-is-under-attack Fox News is under attack]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved April 10, 2018.</ref> and even some [[Never Trump movement|anti-Trump]] "conservatives."<ref>Hall, Jon N. (April 12, 2018). [https://www.americanthinker.com/articles/2018/04/nevertrumpers_and_fox_news.html NeverTrumps and Fox News]. ''American Thinker''. Retrieved April 12, 2018.</ref>

In April 2026, [[O'Keefe Media Group]] ran a clip with a Fox News vice president admitting to spending $4,000 in a single afternoon at a strip club on the company's [[credit card]].<ref>https://twitter.com/JamesOKeefeIII/status/2049179580980953373</ref>

==Leftward shift: criticism from conservatives==
[[File:Russia bans transgernderism.png|right|300px|thumb|Fox News attack on Russia lawmakers and the [[Russian Orthodox Church]].<ref>https://theduran.com/fox-news-casts-russias-anti-transgender-law-and-the-russian-orthodox-church-as-evil-video/</ref>]]
Conservatives have criticism of the Fox News Channel as well. For example, conservatives have complained about [[Fox News and homosexuality|how Fox News has covered the homosexuality issue]]. In 2006, the conservative reporter [[Peter LaBarbera]] wrote that "Fox News and Wal-mart are among the high-level ($10,000) sponsors of the [[National Lesbian and Gay Journalists Association]]’s (NLGJA) 2006 Convention in Miami."<ref>[http://americansfortruth.com/issues/corporate-promotion/corporations/food-beverage-household-brands/coca-cola HRC’s 195 100-Percent Pro-Homosexual Corporations]</ref> In addition, their 'Fair and Balanced' motto allows [[liberal propaganda]], lies, deceit, and half-truths to gain an audience. In reality, Fox was judged to actually provide a more "fair and balanced" coverage in the 2008 Presidential race than all three MSM networks, who had a decidedly pro-Obama tilt, a study by the ''Center for Media and Public Affairs''.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130309221616/http://www.cmpa.com/pdf/08summer.pdf Center for Media and Public Affairs: ''How TV News Has Covered McCain, Obama and Hillary'']</ref>

The Murdoch family, particularly James Murdoch and "his very liberal wife, Kathryn," both of whom hold high-ranking positions at Fox, are liberal globalists who aim to make Fox News more left-wing.<ref>Barnes, Brooks; Ember, Sydney (April 22, 2017). [https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/22/business/media/murdoch-family-21st-century-fox.html In House of Murdoch, Sons Set About an Elaborate Overhaul]. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved October 17, 2017.</ref><ref>Belvedere, Matthew J. (May 2, 2017). [https://www.cnbc.com/2017/05/02/fox-news-as-we-know-it-is-finished-predicts-murdoch-biographer-michael-wolff.html Fox News as we know it is finished, predicts Murdoch biographer Michael Wolff]. ''CNBC''. Retrieved October 17, 2017.</ref> Even Rupert Murdoch (and Fox News) opposed [[Donald Trump]] during the 2016 GOP primaries and co-chairs Partnership for a New American Economy (PNAE), which advocates for [[open borders]],<ref>Hahn, Julia (January 26, 2016). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2016/01/26/anti-trump-network-fox-news-money-flows-open-borders-group/ The Anti-Trump Network: Fox News Money Flows into Open Borders Group]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 17, 2017.</ref> and Murdoch asked U.S. President [[Donald Trump]] to fire conservative [[Steve Bannon]].<ref>Spiering, Charlie (August 14, 2017). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2017/08/14/rupert-murdoch-urges-donald-trump-to-fire-steve-bannon/ Rupert Murdoch Urges Donald Trump to Fire Steve Bannon]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 17, 2017.</ref> Fox News also does business with liberal Democrat polling firms and [[establishment]] GOP firms which seek to push their respective agendas.<ref>Raheem, Kassam (October 17, 2017). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2017/10/17/kassam-fox-alabama-poll-sees-murdochs-network-enter-very-fake-news-territory/ KASSAM: Fox Alabama Poll Sees Murdoch’s Network Enter ‘Very Fake News’ Territory]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 17, 2017.</ref><ref>Kassam, Raheem (October 18, 2017). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2017/10/18/kassam-little-fox-news-alabama-poll-featuring-karl-rove-john-kerry/ KASSAM: More on That Fox News Fake News Alabama Poll… Featuring Karl Rove]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 19, 2017.</ref> Conservatives also criticized Fox News when co-host [[Dana Perino]] implied that the conservative [[Breitbart News Network]] was a Nazi site.<ref>Lee, Tony (August 15, 2017). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2017/08/15/fox-news-new-low-establishment-mouthpiece-perino-implies-pro-israel-breitbart-a-nazi-site/ Fox News New Low: Establishment Mouthpiece Perino Implies Pro-Israel Breitbart a Nazi Site]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 15, 2017.</ref> In 2018, Fox News banned a retired U.S. Air Force general from appearing on its shows simply because he criticized liberal Republican John McCain.<ref>[https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/may/13/thomas-mcinerney-wont-be-fox-news-after-songbird-j/ Fox News says ex-general won’t be invited back after ‘Songbird John’ McCain insult]. ''The Washington Times'' (from the ''Associated Press''). May 13, 2018. Retrieved May 14, 2018.</ref> In March 2019, Fox refused to air [[Jeanine Pirro]]'s show after she made politically incorrect comments about a far-left Muslim congresswoman and her devotion to Sharia Law.<ref>Bowden, John (March 16, 2019). [https://thehill.com/homenews/media/434415-fox-news-wont-air-justice-with-jeanine-after-comments-about-Omar Fox News won't air 'Justice with Jeanine' on Saturday after Pirro's comments about Omar]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved March 16, 2019.</ref> In September 2019, Fox News banned [[Daily Wire]] host Michael Knowles after he criticized mentally ill teenage environmentalist [[Greta Thunberg]], calling her, "mentally ill." Fox News immediately apologized for Knowles' statements.<ref>https://www.louderwithcrowder.com/fox-news-issues-apology-for-recent-greta-thunberg-comments/</ref><ref>https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2019/09/we-apologize-to-greta-and-to-our-audience-fox-news-bans-michael-knowles-from-channel-after-he-describes-disturbed-child-greta-thunberg-as-mentally-ill/</ref>

Like all cable networks, the audience of the Fox News Channel is small compared with the internet. Not quite 2.4 million viewers—mostly elderly—watch the Fox News Channel during its peak times.<ref>Tony Maglio, [https://www.thewrap.com/cable-channels-ranked-2018-viewers-fox-news/ 109 Cable Channels Ranked by 2018 Viewership, From Fox News to Comedy.TV] The ''Wrap'', Dec 11, 2018</ref> Fox News Channel heavily promotes [[RINO Backers|RINO Backing]]—commentators who may appear to be [[conservative]] but side with [[RINO]]s just when it matters most.

In the first major [[2016 presidential debate]], [[feminist]] [[Megyn Kelly]] of Fox News ambushed [[Donald Trump]] with irrelevant, out-of-context quotations to make it appear that he was somehow anti-women. Additional examples on Fox News include [[Bill O'Reilly]], [[Sean Hannity]], [[Karl Rove]], and [[Rush Limbaugh]], who viciously savaged [[Todd Akin]] for making a [[pro-life]] statement that pregnancy from rape is rare. The Fox News Channel gave [[Karl Rove]] a platform to raise money against [[pro-life]] Republican candidates, and has repeatedly featured liberal Republicans to help them against conservative rivals in Republican primaries.

In October 2019, Fox News refused to renew Christian radio host Todd Starnes' contract because he and his guests strongly advocated for conservative and Christian views.<ref>Multiple references:
*Concha, Joe (October 2, 2019). [https://thehill.com/homenews/media/464127-radio-host-todd-starnes-out-at-fox-news Radio host Todd Starnes out at Fox News]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved October 2, 2019.
*Brest, Mike (October 2, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/fox-news-parts-with-radio-host-after-guest-claims-democrats-worship-demonic-god Fox News parts with radio host after guest claims Democrats worship demonic god Moloch]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved October 2, 2019.
*Freiburger, Calvin (October 3, 2019). [https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/fox-news-drops-todd-starnes-after-guest-challenges-pro-abortion-democrats-faith Fox News drops Todd Starnes after guest challenges pro-abortion Democrats’ faith]. ''LifeSiteNews''. Retrieved October 3, 2019.</ref>According to a May 2017 study conducted by [[Harvard University]] regarding mainstream media coverage of Republican U.S. President [[Donald Trump]], overall 80% of coverage about him was negative throughout the media.<ref name="FoxFairBalanced">
*Richardson, Valerie (May 19, 2017). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2017/may/19/study-trump-press-coverage-new-standard-negativity/ Harvard agrees: Trump press coverage sets ‘new standard for negativity’]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved May 19, 2017.
*Shaw, Adam (May 19, 2017). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-journalism/2017/05/19/study-93-percent-cnn-nbcs-trump-coverage-negative/ Study: Media Coverage of Trump’s First 100 Days Set ‘New Standard For Negativity’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 19, 2017.</ref> However, the network with the most positive coverage of Trump was Fox News, with 48% positive and 52% negative.<ref name="FoxFairBalanced"/> This shows that despite [[liberal deceit]], Fox is indeed the fairest and most balanced mainstream news network in the U.S.

Fox News fired conservative firebrands Diamond and Silk in April 2020. Many originally assumed that this was due to their controversial claims that the deadliness of the coronavirus was being exaggerated to damage President Trump.<ref>https://www.breitbart.com/the-media/2020/04/27/report-fox-news-no-longer-working-with-diamond-silk/</ref><ref>https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2020/04/outrageous-fox-news-cuts-ties-diamond-silk-discussing-conspiracy-theories-coronavirus/</ref><ref>[https://people.com/tv/fox-news-cuts-ties-diamond-silk-coronavirus-remarks/ Fox News Drops Commentators Diamond & Silk over Controversial Coronavirus Remarks]. Reports: Diamond and Silk became popular during the 2016 election, making regular appearances on Fox News. ''People'' Magazine, April 28, 2020</ref> However, the two have alleged that Fox News offered them $150,000 to endorse Joe Biden or any other 2020 presidential candidate besides Trump, and they declined, shortly before Fox News let them go.<ref>https://rightwingtribune.com/2020/09/06/fox-news-fires-diamond-silk/</ref>

Even notable moderates like Blaire White and [[Ben Shapiro]] have criticized Fox News. Blaire White tweeted that the network's coverage of [[WalkAway]] rallies in 2020 was "shameful."<ref>https://twitter.com/MsBlaireWhite/status/1313169226065227776</ref> Shapiro criticized Fox for calling Arizona for Joe Biden in the 2020 election long before the vote count was finished in that state,<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fqKhVzdXiEY</ref> for interrupting one of Kayleigh McEnany's press conferences over disagreements with her statements, and for believing that the news media determines outcomes of presidential elections.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4rW8hbNJG-g</ref>

=== Fox News versus Conservatives ===
[[File:Fox-news-dying.jpg|right|250px|thumb|]]
Popular opinion programming is skewed in favor of voices from establishment Republican [[RINO]] members. This is most evident with their guest speakers, such as [[Karl Rove]]. You'll never hear Fox use the words liberal Republican or RINO. The most liberal members of the Republican Party are labeled moderates.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2014/04/26/paul-make-key-stop-in-maine-with-state-gop-split-between-libertarians-and/?intcmp=latestnews|title=Paul makes key stop in Maine, with state GOP split between libertarians and establishment|date=April 26, 2014|work=Fox News|quote=Paul has helped fellow Republicans across the political spectrum raise money, as he is expected to do Saturday for Maine Sen. Susan Collins, who is widely considered a moderate.}}</ref> Fox News will occasionally follow stories about the [[Tea Party|Tea Party movement]]. However, they prefer to air the liberal side prominently, airing outright lies from liberals. [[Rush Limbaugh]] claimed Fox News wouldn't let him talk about immigration issues and preferred to control the [[narrative]], also known as [[censorship]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theblaze.com/stories/2013/07/02/rush-limbaugh-accuses-fox-news-of-trying-to-censor-him-quite-telling/|title=Rush Limbaugh Accuses Fox News of Trying to Censor Him: ‘Quite Telling’|date= July 2, 2013|first=Jason|last=Howerton|work=[[The Blaze]]}}</ref> Republican RINO leadership such as John McCain, [[Lindsey Graham]] and others love the spotlight of a camera and Fox News is there for them.

Even pundit [[Sarah Palin]] is too conservative for Fox News Channel, as when it canceled some of her interviews at a key political moment in August 2012,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.politico.com/blogs/media/2012/08/sarah-palin-fox-cancelled-my-interviews-133729.html|title=Sarah Palin: 'Fox canceled my interviews'|date=August 29, 2012|first=Dylan|last=Byers|work=[[Politico]]}}</ref> and then refused to renew her contract at the end of 2012. Fox negotiated a new contract five months later but generally pushed her off the air.<ref name=politico>{{cite news|url=https://www.politico.com/story/2013/06/sarah-palin-fox-news-contributor-92747.html|title=Sarah Palin rejoins Fox News|date=June 13, 2013|first=Mackensie|last=Weinger|work=[[Politico]]|accessdate=July 18, 2014}}</ref>

Fox News makes sure to hammer conservative guests. In September 2013, Fox's Chris Wallace claimed that establishment Republicans gave him opposition research against conservative [[Ted Cruz]] in his fight to defund [[Obamacare]].<ref>[http://weaselzippers.us/2013/09/22/foxs-chris-wallace-republicans-feeding-me-opposition-research-against-ted-cruz/ Fox’s Chris Wallace: Republicans Feeding Me Opposition Research Against Ted Cruz, WeaselZippers.com, September 22, 2013]</ref> Wallace has refused calls for him to release names. Nearly every host and guest, with the exception of [[Sean Hannity]] and [[Laura Ingraham]], spread the establishment surrender message that the GOP can't win the defunding fight.

In the aftermath of the November 5th, 2013 race for governor, many Fox articles speak about RINO [[Chris Christie]] and the implications of his victory. Nothing at all about [[Ken Cuccinelli]] being abandoned by the establishment D.C. GOP despite a strong focus from talk radio. Cuccinelli almost pulled off the upset victory, yet no Fox coverage.

After David Brat knocked off House Majority Leader [[Eric Cantor]], Fox News commentators took to the air with glum faces of disbelief and dour reactions. Brit Hume said the David Brat win will help Democrats and hurt the GOP.<ref>[http://twitchy.com/2014/06/10/brit-hume-says-dave-brat-win-will-hurt-gop-without-immigration-reform/ Brit Hume says Dave Brat win will hurt GOP without immigration reform, Twitchy.com, June 10, 2014]</ref>

The news all over the conservative sphere talks about how the GOP used voter fraud, lies and Democrats in a Republican primary runoff to defeat [[Chris McDaniel]] in [[Mississippi]]. Fox News gave the controversy barely a mention the day after and nothing since. This despite story after story of fraud, race-baiting robocalls and fliers unearthed. One county with 1,000 illegal ballots cast and 9 other counties refusing the McDaniel campaign from looking at the voter books.

Many speakers gave the [[CPAC]] 2015 crowd a strong conservative message. Yet the 'Latest News' on Fox is Jeb Bush's CPAC speech. A favorite of Beltway establishment Republicans/lobbyists but the least conservative at the conference.

In September 2020, many conservatives were puzzled when Fox News hosts Melissa Francis and Marie Harf prevented Newt Gingrich from criticizing globalist [[George Soros]] on Harris Faulkner's show;<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wdWGt9pY9PM</ref><ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vGzG4Q29Bf0</ref><ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CqiyBpvPg5A</ref> others were unsurprised to see this from Fox News.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zpdzHm1cC10</ref> Faulkner later apologized for the incident,<ref>https://www.newsmax.com/newsfront/conservative-shadow-ban-censorship-harris-faulkner/2020/09/17/id/987526/</ref> but there seems to be a pattern of censoring criticism of George Soros by Fox News.<ref>https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2020/09/fox-news-preventing-negative-reporting-george-soros/</ref>

=== Fox News Liberals ===
Fox News is accused of being blatantly biased towards the right during its supposedly non-partisan news reports. These false accusations stem from alleged injection of opinion in news stories, selectively preventing liberals a chance to be represented on the channel, and support for high-ranking Republican Party members. Opponents to this theory cite the fact that Fox News parent company News Corp. overwhelmingly donates campaign contributions to Democrats<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.wnd.com/2013/07/fox-news-parent-company-funneling-money-to-dems/|title=Fox News parent co. funneling money to Dems? (Top Donors: Clinton v. Obama, Wall Street Journal)|date=July 22, 2013|first=Andrew|last=Zahn|work=[[WND]]}}</ref> and is the 9th biggest fundraiser of the Clintons, estimated at $3 million over 23 years.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://online.wsj.com/public/resources/documents/st_CLINTONvOBAMA20140702.html|title=Top Donors: Clinton v. Obama|date=July 2, 2014|work=[[Wall Street Journal]]}}</ref> The Fox News network employs the following liberals among others:

*[[Donna Brazile]]
*[[Geraldo Rivera]]
*[[Kirsten Powers]]
*[[Juan Williams]]
*[[Dennis Kucinich]]
*[[Bob Beckel]]
*[[Meghan McCain]]
*[[Shepard Smith]]
*[[Alan Colmes]] (deceased)

A 2009 national survey showed that 46% of those who watch FOX News “just about every day” are [[Democrat]]s or Independents. [[Dick Morris]] interpreted the numbers and determines, ''"Could it be that the [[Obama Administration]] is concerned about FOX News not because it is 'an arm of the Republican Party' but because it is so widely seen among Democrats and Independents?"''<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dickmorris.com/blog/fox-news-reaches-across-party-lines/|title=FOX NEWS REACHES ACROSS PARTY LINES|date=October 19, 2009|first=Dick|last=Morris|work=[[Dick Morris]]}}</ref>

=== Tucker Carlson firing ===

Former US Army [[psychological warfare]] counter-terror expert Scott Bennett said that Tucker Carlson was fired by Fox News because of the regime’s agenda to maintain an “uninformed semi lobotomized quasi retarded population.”<ref>[Ex-US Army Psyops Expert: Fox News Fired Carlson to Maintain “Semi Lobotomized Quasi Retarded Population”], April 27, 2023, Paul Joseph Watson. Summit News.</ref> According to Bennett, Carlson posed too much of a threat to institutional power because he turned Americans into proper “researchers and thinkers”. Carlson offered an “intellectualism, truthfulness, and an analytical depth that no other news personality has ever done in the history of the United States as far back as I can remember,” said Bennett. Tucker needed to be “silenced” because he represented too big a threat to the “powers and principalities, institutions and agendas that seek an unenlightened, uninformed semi lobotomized quasi retarded population that do not question, do not research, do not analyze but simply digest and follow instructions,” according to Bennett.

“Tucker Carlson also exposed the fraud and [[money laundering]] racketeering [[crime]]s of [[FTX]] and the [[Democrat Party]] in [[Ukraine]] involving the United States government. He exposed the [[US biochemical labs in Ukraine]] and their connection to the Democrat Party, [[President Barack Obama]], [[Vice President Biden]], [[Hillary Clinton]], [[George Soros]], [[Bill Gates]], and other US government agencies and [[Big Pharma|pharmaceutical companies]],” Bennett said. The ex-host’s anti-regime rhetoric “could no longer be tolerated by the corrupt American media and political establishment,” said Bennett, adding that his exit signals “the death of American media”.

Bennett suggested that Senator [[Chuck Schumer]] had threatened to utilize the [[CIA]] and the [[FBI]] to deploy secret government operations against Tucker to get him off air unless he was fired. Schumer previously called for Carlson to be taken off air after he broadcast footage showing the [[J6 protests|January 6 ‘riot’]] leaders were actually allowed into the [[US Capitol]] and chaperoned around by authorities.

=== Fox News Channel and Homosexuality ===

''See also:'' [[Fox News and homosexuality]] and [[Homosexuality in the media]]

Currently, the Fox Broadcasting Company website declares concerning the [[National Lesbian and Gay Journalists Association]] (NLGJA):
{{cquote|NLGJA Annual Conference and Job Fair
Fox News is a regular exhibitor at these annual Job Fairs. News Corp sponsored the opening reception for first-time attendees in 2006, as well as sponsoring workshops on Journalism in various colleges in 2007.<ref>http://www.fox.com/diversity/outreach/lgbt.htm</ref>}}

In 2010, the [[National Lesbian and Gay Journalists Association]] declared that [[Kelly Wright]], a Fox News Channel representative, attended NLGJA's 15th Annual New York Benefit.<ref>http://www.nlgja.org/news/NYE2010.htm</ref> According to the Fox News Channel website: "Kelly Wright is co-anchor of " FOX & Friends Weekend" as well as a general assignment correspondent for FOX News Channel (FNC)."<ref name=Wright>{{cite web|url=https://www.foxnews.com/on-air/personalities/kelly-wright/bio/#s=r-z|title=On Air Personalities: Kelly Wright|work=Fox News}}</ref> Wright is a graduate of the [[Christian]] university [[Oral Roberts University]].<ref name=Wright /> In January 2010, the [[pro-life]] website published by Jill Stanek claimed Kelly Wright is a pastor.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jillstanek.com/pregnancy/foxs-kelly-wrig.html|title=Fox’s Kelly Wright, product of rape|date=January 19, 2010|first1=Susie|last1=Allen|first2=Jill|last2=Stanek|work=[[Jill Stanek]]}}</ref> According to [[Christianity]] and the [[Bible]], [[Homosexuality and the Bible|homosexuality is a sin]].
[[Image:Rev. Louis P. Sheldon Photo.jpg|thumb|Reverend [[Louis Sheldon]] of the [[Traditional Values Coalition]] ]]
The [[Traditional Values Coalition]] states the following regarding the Fox News Channel and the issue of [[homosexuality]]:
{{cquote|The [[National Lesbian and Gay Journalists Association]] has hundreds of members and is heavily funded by Hearst newspapers, Knight-Ridder, [[CBS News]], [[CNN]], Gannett, [[NBC]], [[Los Angeles Times]], [[Fox News]], and more. Major newspapers throughout the U.S. have homosexual activists on their staffs who filter what you read about homosexuality.<ref>http://www.traditionalvalues.org/pdf_files/Homosexuality101.pdf</ref>}}

[[Accuracy in Media]] had this to say about the Fox News Channel:
{{cquote|Media organizations which underwrote the convention included NBC News, Times Inc., Turner Broadcasting, Knight-Ridder, the Washington Post, and Fox News Network. That’s right - Fox News. This is supposed to be a conservative network. ABC, NBC, CBS, the New York Times, and USA Today all sent recruiters to the event to hire openly gay journalists. Fitzpatrick comments, "By treating the National Lesbian and Gay Journalists Association as a legitimate counterpart to black and Hispanic journalists’ associations, these media organizations showed that they agree with the notion that homosexuals, a group defined by behavior rather than immutable characteristics, constitute a bona fide minority."<ref>http://ghroll.blogspot.com/2008/03/homosexuality-in-media.html</ref>}}

In February 2018, under pressure from left-wingers, Fox News removed an editorial from its website by its own executive editor, John Moody, for criticizing the growing focus in the [[Olympics]] on the race and sexuality/homosexuality of athletes rather than how athletic they are.<ref name="FoxCaves2018">Multiple references:
*Mason, Ian (February 9, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/02/09/fox-news-caves-to-leftist-pressure-pulls-their-own-editors-op-ed-decrying-identity-politics-at-olympics/ Fox News Caves to Leftist Pressure, Pulls Their Own Editor’s Op-Ed Decrying Identity Politics at Olympics]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved February 10, 2018.
*Concha, Joe (February 9, 2018). [https://thehill.com/homenews/media/373175-fox-removes-darker-gayer-different-olympic-column Fox removes 'Darker, Gayer, Different' Olympics column]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved February 10, 2018.
*Huston, Warner Todd (February 9, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/sports/2018/02/09/update-fox-news-executive-vp-winter-olympics-focus-winner-race-not-race-winner/ UPDATE: Fox News Executive VP on Winter Olympics: ‘Focus on the Winner of the Race, Not the Race of the Winner’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved February 10, 2018.</ref> When removing the editorial, Fox News stated that "John Moody’s column does not reflect the views or values of FOX News and has been removed."<ref name="FoxCaves2018"/> Moody resigned less than a month after the editorial.<ref>Anapol, Avery (March 1, 2018). [https://thehill.com/homenews/media/376369-john-moody-out-at-fox-less-than-a-month-after-darker-gayer-different-column John Moody leaves Fox less than a month after controversial Olympics column]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved March 1, 2018.</ref>

=== Peter LaBarbera Concerning Fox News and homosexuality ===
''See also:'' [[Homosexuality in the media]]
[[Image:Peter.jpg|right|thumb|150px|[[Peter LaBarbera]] ]]
In April 2009, [[Peter LaBarbera]] of [[Americans for Truth]] wrote:
{{cquote|How fascinating that [[Wayne Besen]] (left) is given the opportunity to appear on FOX News, of all places..., to critique alleged “[[homophobia|homophobic]]” attitudes and speech toward homosexuals — when he has such a well-deserved reputation for being one of the nastiest “queer” activists in the business.<ref>http://americansfortruth.com/news/gays-hating-ex-gays-wayne-besens-verbal-assault-on-greg-quinlan.html</ref>}}

In March 2009, [[Peter LaBarbera]] declared:
{{cquote|Temple U. Professor Dr. Marc Lamont Hill (left), a frequent guest on FOX News, believes Americans are “[[homophobia|homophobic]]” because most still don’t like to see homosexuality (compared to heterosexuality) on TV or the big screen. We say Prof. Hill should get off his liberal high horse and stop lecturing Americans for their normal reaction to unnatural and immoral behavior....

Enough already. Gay sex is wrong, [[Homosexuality and health|unhealthy (especially between men)]], and my hunch is it’s still pretty off-putting to most FOX viewers who are honest with themselves. And that’s OK. But I’ll go further: if there is a growing acceptance of homosexual behavior, especially among young people, that’s not a good thing but a sign of America’s descent into decadence, and our departure from a transcendent Judeo-Christian moral code that has served this nation well.<ref>http://americansfortruth.com/news/were-all-homophobes-now-letter-to-foxs-red-eye.html</ref>}}

In 2006, [[Peter LaBarbera]] wrote:
{{cquote|Fox News and Wal-mart are among the high-level ($10,000) sponsors of the National Lesbian and Gay Journalists Association’s (NLGJA) 2006 Convention in Miami (Sept 7-10 at Loew’s Miami Beach Hotel). Every year, the NLGJA garners hundreds of thousands of dollars in Big Media sponsorships for its convention; this year it appears (based on the sponsorship list below) that the total is around half a million dollars in corporate support...

Our question for Fox News executives is: if you are truly “fair and balanced,” will you now give an equal and corresponding grant to Americans for Truth or another pro-family organization, say, Accuracy in Media, that counters the ubiquitous pro-”gay” spin in the media? We’ll be awaiting your answer.<ref>http://americansfortruth.com/issues/corporate-promotion/corporations/food-beverage-household-brands/coca-cola</ref>}}

==Ratings==
For 17 consecutive years, until 2017, Fox News was the #1 cable news station in the U.S. for primetime, and even after the consecutive record was broken, it remained #1 overall.<ref>Kew, Ben (May 22, 2017). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-journalism/2017/05/22/fox-news-slips-to-third-place-among-key-demographic-for-first-time-in-17-years/ Cable News Ratings Shock: Fox Slips to 3rd Place in Primetime for First Time in 17 Years]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 22, 2017.</ref> It continued to easily beat the opposition even in a period of upheaval in early- and mid-2017,<ref>Harper, Jennifer (June 6, 2017). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2017/jun/6/inside-the-beltway-believe-it-fox-news-tops-the-ra/ Believe it: Fox News tops the ratings]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved June 6, 2017.</ref><ref>Harper, Jennifer (June 27, 2017). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2017/jun/27/inside-the-beltway-60-talk-radio-heavyweights-take/ 60 talk radio heavyweights take on illegal immigration]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved June 28, 2017.</ref><ref>Concha, Joe (July 6, 2017). [https://thehill.com/homenews/media/340812-political-news-rules-basic-cable-ratings-with-fox-news-and-msnbc-beating-out Political news rules basic cable ratings with Fox News and MSNBC beating out CNN]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved July 6, 2017.</ref> and it ended 2017 as the most-watched cable TV network.<ref>Samuels, Brett (December 27, 2017). [https://thehill.com/homenews/media/366637-fox-news-to-end-2017-as-most-watched-network-on-cable Fox News to end 2017 as most-watched network on cable]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved December 27, 2017.</ref> It was reported in May 2018 that the lowest-rated show on Fox News outperformed the highest-rated show on [[CNN]].<ref>Richardson, Bradford (May 7, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/may/7/lowest-rated-show-fox-news-outperforms-cnns-best/ Lowest-rated show on Fox News outperforms highest-rated show on CNN]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved May 7, 2018.</ref> The network continued performing well.<ref>Brest, Mike (December 12, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/exert-its-dominance-fox-news-prime-time-yearly-ratings-breaks-network-record 'Exert its dominance': Fox News prime-time yearly ratings breaks network record]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved December 12, 2019.</ref><ref>Concha, Joe (December 30, 2019). [https://thehill.com/homenews/media/476220-fox-news-hits-record-high-viewership-in-networks-23-year-history Fox News hits highest viewership in network's 23-year history]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved December 30, 2019.</ref>

''[[Bill O'Reilly|The O'Reilly Factor]]'' was #1 on cable news for 15 consecutive years.<ref>Katz, A.J. (December 28, 2017). [http://www.adweek.com/tvnewser/2016-ratings-fox-news-channel-is-cable-tvs-most-watched-network/315009 2016 Ratings: Fox News Channel is Cable TV’s Most-Watched Network]. ''TVNewser''. Retrieved May 22, 2017.</ref> O'Reilly was forced out of Fox in April 2017.<ref>Elber, Lynn (April 20, 2017). [https://www.usnews.com/news/entertainment/articles/2017-04-20/oreilly-is-out-at-fox-but-influence-endures-career-too O'Reilly Is Out at Fox but Influence Endures; Career Too?]. ''U.S. News & World Report''. Retrieved May 22, 2017.</ref>Fox News Channel was the 2nd highest-rated cable channel on all of television during the first quarter of 2009 in prime-time Total Viewers. CNN was 17th and MSNBC 24th for the first three months of the year. FNC beat CNN and MSNBC combined and gained the most compared to the first quarter of 2008, up 24%. 2009's first quarter was FNC's 3rd highest-rated quarter in prime time in the network's history — just behind Q4 '08 and Q3 '05. In primetime, the 25–54 demo, and in total day in both categories, FNC grew more year-to-year than CNN and MSNBC combined. FNC had nine of the top 10 programs on cable news in Total Viewers. April 2009 statistics showed three new programs beat CNN and MSNBC ''combined'' in total viewers during their respective time slots.

On the Record with Greta Van Susteren was up 55% in total viewers and 75% in the demo. Your World with Neil Cavuto is up 60% in Total Viewers and 102% in the demo. Glenn Beck was up 212% in the demo and up 128% in total viewers.<ref>[http://www.mediabistro.com/tvnewser/ratings/april_ratings_fnc_beats_cnn_and_msnbc_combined_115179.asp Media Bistro: April Ratings: FNC Beats CNN and MSNBC Combined]</ref> [[Glenn Beck]] dominated the ratings before leaving the network in June 2011. Beck broke every single record for the 5 P.M. time slot. The leftist mob learned to hate him with a passion and [[Center For American Progress]]'s senior fellow [[Van Jones]] is taking credit for Beck's retirement.

It was reported in August 2017 that Fox News was the most shared news organization on U.S. college campuses.<ref>Harper, Jennifer (August 15, 2017). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2017/aug/15/fox-news-tops-twitter-as-the-most-shared-news-orga/ Fox News tops Twitter as the ‘most shared’ news organization on U.S. college campuses: Study]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved August 15, 2017.</ref>

===The Five===
The show that replaced Glenn Beck's ratings dominance is 'The Five', described as a “roundtable ensemble of five rotating FOX personalities...."<ref>{{cite news|url=http://mediadecoder.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/06/30/fox-news-to-replace-beck-with-the-five/|title=Fox News to Replace Beck With ‘The Five’|date=June 30, 2011|first=Brian|last=Stelter|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref>

Most often, the show pits [[Juan Williams]], (formerly [[Bob Beckel]]) a consistent defender of every [[Liberal style|Democrat Party talking point]], against a panel of conservative or libertarian opponents. 'The Five' features Williams, [[Greg Gutfeld]], [[Dana Perino]], [[Jesse Watters]], and [[Kimberly Guilfoyle]].

== Anti-elitist ==
Conservatives argue that Fox's real ethos is not Republican or conservative, but anti-[[elitist]] — a major reason it connects with so many Americans and annoys so many coastal elites. "There's a whole country that elitists will never acknowledge," Ailes once observed. "What people resent deeply out there are those in the 'blue states' thinking they're smarter." This anti-elitism shows itself in Fox's pro-U.S. stance in covering the [[Afghanistan]] and [[Iraq war]]s and its broadcasters' use of terms such as "terrorist" instead of the politically correct "militant" to refer to terrorists. Since the [[Vietnam War]] era, mainstream [[journalist]]s have tended to see such blunt language and side-taking as unsophisticated, a betrayal of journalistic [[objectivity]], or perhaps their own ingrained biases against government in general.

Another aspect of Fox's anti-elitism is the treatment of [[evangelical]] and [[fundamentalist Christian]]s with respect, far from the normal liberal media's depiction as lunatics or extremists. "We regularly have on the Rev. Franklin Graham, [[Dr. James Dobson]] and other religious leaders, just as we put on Pat Ireland and Eleanor Clift," Ailes said, continuing, ''"Most Americans believe in God and have that as their foundation in life. So why shouldn't we have as guests people that they like, respect and want to hear from?" '' Ailes said he didn't get "too worked up" by a Pew Foundation study that showed that Fox has more Republican viewers than CNN, CNBC or MSNBC and that his reporters and anchors insert their opinions into stories far more than competitors do. Numbers might have something to do with it: Fox is beating the combined audience of the other three. But Ailes dismissed Pew as a "liberal [[lobbyist|lobbying]] organization." He said, "Most polls today are not taken to provide information to the public but to get press for the organization taking the polls. I took a poll of Pew, and 98% of my organization found that they were biased", Ailes said with a wink.<ref name=usatoday>{{cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/life/columnist/mediamix/2005-04-06-media-mix_x.htm|title=Fox News' Ailes takes jab at competitors, blasts 'biased' polls|date=April 6, 2005|first=Peter|last=Johnson|work=[[USA Today]]}}</ref>

In response, Project Director Tom Rosenstiel said the study "was not a poll. It was a content analysis designed by a four-university research team and executed at the [[University of Alabama]]." ''One plus for Fox, he said, was that researchers found Fox News stories were more forthcoming about sourcing than their cable rivals.''<ref name=usatoday />

== Fringe views versus Fox News ==
"What really frustrates liberals about Fox, though, is simply that, along with [[talk radio]] and the conservative [[blogosphere]], it has helped shatter the left's near-monopoly on news and information. Fox's opinion-driven programming gives conservatives and liberals a chance to get a fair hearing for their ideas. But Democratic politicians and activists who go on Fox also must defend their views, often against tough questioning, something that happens less often on the networks, where most journalists are left-of-center, survey after survey has shown", said columnist Brian Anderson. "Even more significant, Fox came on the scene a decade ago as a professional news organization that could define and report news as something different from what the elite consensus says it is. To take one of many examples, the corruption of the [[United Nations]]' oil-for-food initiative in [[Iraq]], initially downplayed by the mainstream media because of their sympathy for internationalism, was uncovered — deemed newsworthy — on Fox."

All this wouldn't matter if Fox News wasn't so influential. But it is. According to the Pew Research Center, more than 20% of Americans now claim to get news from it, and lots of them (37%) are Democrats or independents. The network's success has also sparked a "Fox effect," leading some competitors to become more open to right-of-center opinions: MSNBC's "Scarborough Country," hosted by former Republican congressman [[Joe Scarborough]], is a prime example. Until a few years ago, Democrats never had to deal with all these conservatives in the media.<ref name=anderson />

Ailes said Fox News has no agenda. His charge to his reporters and anchors is simple: "If you make a mistake, get on the air as fast as you can and admit it. ... Do your homework. Make sure you reach out to a point of view you don't agree with to be sure you have some balance in your piece, because journalists, despite the public perception, are not empty-headed fools. They actually come to the job with some ideas and biases." When asked whether the media have a "conscious bias," Ailes said: "I don't know whether it's conscious or not. I think people who are biased to the left and right are by and large honest people who bring their life experience to whatever their beliefs are. I don't think there's some conspiracy of bias to the left, ''but I do think that [[New York]] and [[Los Angeles]] have different views than many people that I know from other parts of the country."''<ref name=usatoday />

==History==
The Fox News channel was started in 1996 by [[Rupert Murdoch]] and [[Roger Ailes]], who perceived a need for a news organization that offered more balanced and fair reporting, one where the facts from all sides would be presented. [[Mainstream media]] "[[political correctness]]" was banished. As an example, Fox News [[anchor]]s call [[terrorist]]s what they are, (terrorists), instead of referring to them as "militants." As of February 2007, polls show that over 20% of Americans say their main source of news is the Fox News Channel.

Fox News has dominated the ratings of other cable news outlets.<ref name=anderson>{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/news/opinion/la-oe-anderson4oct04,0,2195035.story?coll=la-opinion-center|title=Fox News: Enraging Liberals for 10 Years|date=October 4, 2006|first=Brian C.|last=Anderson|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref> Launched by media tycoon Rupert Murdoch and former political consultant Roger Ailes as a refuge for viewers fed up with real or perceived [[liberal bias]] everywhere in the so-called "[[mainstream media]]", Fox is the undisputed ratings champion of cable news. It's been trouncing [[CNN]], [[MSNBC]] and [[CNBC]] for years, and draws a much larger audience share than all competitors, including the three major broadcast news shows, combined. It is by far the most profitable news network in the world, on track to earn more than $700 Million in 2010.<ref name=10ailes>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/10/business/media/10ailes.html?_r=0|title=A Fox Chief at the Pinnacle of Media and Politics|date=January 9, 2010|first1=David|last1=Carr|first2=Tim|last2=Arango|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> But the profit motive may cause some of the hostility Fox News has to the conservative positions on important social issues.

Indeed, for over 100 consecutive months, FNC has been the most-watched cable news channel in the country. FNC is available in more than 90 million homes. It is part of the Fox Television Stations Group, a subsidiary of [[Australia]]n-born media mogul [[Rupert Murdoch]]'s [[News Corporation]]. [[Roger Ailes]] was named Chairman of the Fox Television Stations Group on August 15, 2005. Ailes resigned on July 21, 2016, following a lawsuit alleging sexual harassment of female employees. Rupert Murdoch is his interim replacement.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/roger-ailes-resigns_us_57912e0ee4b0fc06ec5c4c8a|title=Roger Ailes Steps Down As Fox News CEO After Widespread Accusations Of Sexual Harassment|date=July 21, 2016|accessdate=July 21, 2016}}</ref> Despite its strong ratings dominance in the United States, Fox News did not perform well in the [[United Kingdom]], causing its parent company to stop broadcasting it in the country in 2017 in order to focus on its U.S. market.<ref>[https://www.breitbart.com/london/2017/08/29/guardian-sky-stop-broadcasting-fox-news-uk/ Guardian: Sky to Stop Broadcasting Fox News in UK]. ''Breitbart News''. August 29, 2017. Retrieved August 29, 2017.</ref><ref>Concha, Joe (August 29, 2017). [https://thehill.com/homenews/media/348409-fox-news-no-longer-airing-in-the-uk Fox News no longer airing in the UK]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved August 29, 2017.</ref>

=== Rupert Murdoch ===
[[Image:HillaryRupert1V.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Hillary Clinton with media magnate Ruppert Murdoch. ''Photo Courtesy Democrats Against Hillary''.<ref>[http://democratsagainsthillary.blogspot.com/ ''Democrats Against Hillary''].</ref>]]
The Fox News Channel is a [[United States]] [[cable]] and [[satellite]] [[news]] channel. It is part of the Fox Television Stations Group, a subsidiary of [[Australia]]n-born media mogul [[Rupert Murdoch]]'s [[News Corporation]].

Slated reported in 2008 that since 1997, [[Republicans]] have received a slight majority - 56% of the $4.76 million in campaign donations from the Murdoch family and the [[News Corporation]]'s political action committees and employees.<ref name="slate.com">http://www.slate.com/id/2196085/</ref> However, [[Slate]] also reported in 2008: "Since Democrats won control of Congress in the 2006 elections, the company and its employees have given more than twice as much to [[Democrats]] as to [[Republicans]]."<ref name="slate.com"/> Generally speaking, [[Republicans]] have less favorable views and policies concerning homosexuality than [[Democrats]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gallup.com/poll/137357/Four-Moral-Issues-Sharply-Divide-Americans.aspx|title=Four Moral Issues Sharply Divide Americans|date=May 26, 2010|work=[[Gallup Poll]]}}</ref> The Pew Research Center reported in 2010: "In broad terms, voters view the Democratic Party's ideology as the opposite of the Republican Party's: 58% say the Democratic Party is either very liberal or liberal..."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.people-press.org/2010/07/16/voters-rate-the-parties-ideologies/|title=Voters Rate the Parties’ Ideologies|date=July 16, 2010|work=[[Pew Research Center]]}}</ref> In the United States, twice as many liberals as conservatives (46% versus 22%) believe people are born homosexual and [[Views on Homosexuality|liberals generally have more favorable opinions about homosexuality]].<ref>http://people-press.org/report/?pageid=764</ref> In recent years, Rupert Murdoch has formed a relationship with the liberals/[[Democrats]] [[Bill Clinton]] and [[Hillary Clinton]]. In 2005, he invited musician [[Bono]] and Bill Clinton to a company conference on the environment, [[Islam]] in the West, and future of the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/2006/54/biz_06rich400_Keith-Rupert-Murdoch_639W.html|title=#32 Keith Rupert Murdoch|date=September 21, 2006|work=[[Forbes]]}}</ref>

Rupert Murdoch has been married three times and divorced two times. Before Rupert Murdoch left his second wife, he was anointed as a member of the Pontifical Order of St. Gregory the Great, for his "unblemished character."<ref>http://weeklywire.com/ww/01-20-98/alibi_opinion.html</ref>

The [[Roman Catholic Church]]'s position is that having homosexual desires can be a choice in individuals but having homosexual desires is not a choice in respect to all individuals.<ref name="vatican.va"/><ref>http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/documents/rc_con_cfaith_doc_19861001_homosexual-persons_en.html</ref> However, as noted earlier, according to the [[Vatican]] individuals should not engage in homosexual acts as they are acts of serious depravity.<ref name="vatican.va"/>

===Roger Ailes===
[[Image:Rogerailes_1.jpg‎|thumb|right|400px|Roger Ailes, Fox News founder]]
[https://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,205966,00.html This is a transcript] of Ailes speaking to the Television Critics Association, which will be enlightening to readers digging into the Fox take on reporting and its reaction to controversy about its mission.

On November 20, 2008, [[Roger Ailes]], who held the titles of Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, FOX News and Chairman of FOX Television Stations, signed a new five-year contract with News Corporation, it was announced by Rupert Murdoch, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer. The contract will pay him over 23 million dollars in 2009.<ref>[http://www.mediabistro.com/tvnewser/fnc/roger_ailes_signs_new_5year_deal_with_news_corp_101312.asp Ailes Inks 5 Year Deal With NewsCorp]</ref>

During Ailes' time with [[News Corporation|News Corp]], [[FNC]] passed [[CNN]] in ratings in all day parts in 2002 to become the number one news network in the country, nearing full distribution with more than 90 million subscribers. In 2007, he launched the Fox Business Channel which currently reaches more than 40 million homes and served as the biggest launch in cable television history. Throughout Mr. Ailes' tenure, FOX Television Stations has increased its market share each of the last three years with all-time record shares in the last two years. In addition, Fox Television Stations has expanded its local news presence by nearly 100 hours a week in a challenging economic climate.
{{cquote|At a time when the broadcast networks are struggling with diminishing audiences and profits in news, he has built Fox News into the profit engine of the News Corporation. ''Fox News is believed to make more money than CNN, MSNBC and the evening newscasts of NBC, ABC and CBS combined.'' The division is on track to achieve $700 million in operating profit this year, according to analyst estimates<ref name=10ailes />}}

In a December 2013 interview by Hollywood Reporter, Ailes was talking about MSNBC no longer being in the news business and then said,
{{cquote| For [[CNN]] to also throw in the towel and announce they’re out of the news business is quite interesting.}}
This upset rival CNN President [[Jeff Zucker]] greatly and he lashed back that the GOP runs Fox News.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://townhall.com/news/politics-elections/2014/01/10/zucker-gop-being-run-from-fox-news-headquarters-n1777255|title=Zucker: GOP being run from Fox News headquarters|date=January 11, 2014|work=[[Townhall]]}}</ref>

In an April 2015 interview with The Hollywood Reporter, Ailes said<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.aim.org/don-irvine-blog/fox-news-chairman-ailes-were-competing-with-tnt-usa-and-espn-not-cnn-or-msnbc/|title=Fox News Chairman Ailes: "We’re Competing with TNT, USA and ESPN," not CNN or MSNBC|date=April 8, 2015|first=Don|last=Irvine|work=[[Accuracy In Media]]}}</ref>
{{cquote| I flip to MSNBC occasionally to make sure their blind pig didn’t find an acorn. But they never have once.}} and
{{cquote| I don’t watch much CNN, they got out of the news business in primetime. But I look to see if they have a good documentary or movie. If they do, I’ll watch that.}}
From its foundation, Fox News had the slogan of "Fair and Balanced." In June 2017, it was reported that Fox would discontinue the slogan in an effort to distance itself from [[Roger Ailes]], who created the slogan.<ref>Nussbaum, Daniel (June 15, 2017). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-journalism/2017/06/15/fox-news-dropping-fair-balanced-slogan/ Fox News Dropping ‘Fair and Balanced’ Slogan]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved June 15, 2017.</ref>

====Criticism of Fair and Balanced slogan====
Despite the facts above, liberal critics have still complained about Fox's "Fair & Balanced" slogan. Former President [[Bill Clinton]] exploded at ''Fox News Sunday'' anchor Chris Wallace in September 2006, accusing him of "a nice little conservative hit job" after being lightly pressed by Wallace about his record on fighting [[Al Qaeda]]. Democratic politicians and advocates have relentlessly attacked the cable network, sometimes accusing it of being a Republican [[propaganda|propaganda mill]]. Former Vice-President and environmentalist [[Al Gore]] has likened Fox to a right-wing "[[fifth column]]." Groups, such as [[MoveOn.org]], funded a classic [[schlockumentary]] entitled ''Outfoxed'', which purports to expose the channel's 'nefarious Republican agenda'. Some have referred to FOX News as "the propaganda arm of the Republican Party" or "Faux News." In a grandstanding gesture of political theater the group unsuccessfully petitioned the [[Federal Trade Commission]] to stop Fox's from using its slogan as "deceptive advertising". It was unanimously rejected.<ref>[http://www.showbizdata.com/news/36127/FTC-REJECTS-COMPLAINTS-AGAINST-FOX-NEWS FTC: "It's best to ignore nuts"]</ref> Fox News spokesman Rob Zimmerman told today's (Tuesday) Wall Street Journal: "If they can attack Fox News to this extreme, ''then all news organizations are at risk to be targeted by similar attacks. ... It's best to ignore nuts."''

Rolling Stone magazine charged that Ailes has “built the most formidable propaganda machine ever seen outside of the [[Communist]] bloc.” Ailes responded accusing [[NBC]], [[CBS]], [[ABC]], [[The New York Times]], and the rest of running a liberal [[propaganda]] machine. {{cquote| If they did fair and balanced news, we’d be out of business.}}

A recent comprehensive study by [[UCLA]] political scientist Tim Groseclose and University of Missouri-Columbia economics professor Jeffrey Milyo found [[Brit Hume]]'s ''Special Report'' — Fox's most straightforward news show — more centrist than any of the three major networks' evening newscasts, all of which are liberal.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120605223731/http://rcp.missouri.edu/articles/milyo_media.html MU researcher finds most mainstream media contain liberal bias]</ref> The program is a model of smart news television.

Although it is true that Fox's opinion shows (as opposed to its news shows) are, as they're supposed to be, frequently bombastic and opinionated; it is equally true that Fox's biggest super-star, [[Bill O'Reilly]] is not a mainstream Republican, but a registered [[Independent]] who sides with conservatives. He regularly charges the oil companies with price-gouging and attacks big business for quashing the little guy. Greta Van Susteren's politics are unclear, as she mostly covers the [[crime]]-of-the-day stories. [[Geraldo Rivera]] is traditionally liberal on most issues, with the exception of being a strong supporter of the military and stiff penalties for [[sex offender]]s.

Some liberal commentators, such as news analyst [[Marvin Kalb]], and [[Eleanor Clift]], are affiliated with the channel. In general, Fox News is closer to mainstream America than [[CBS]], [[ABC]], [[NBC]] or [[CNN]], its founding mission.

===Red Eye===
''Red Eye'' was a hybrid news / comedic satire show hosted by Thomas Shillue, who replaced [[Greg Gutfeld]], who moved on to his own program. The show appears on Fox News at 3:00 a.m. EST on weekdays. Their ratings were remarkable for the time slot.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.mediaite.com/online/red-eye-resurgence-more-demo-viewers-watch-fox-at-3am-than-cnn-at-8pm/|title=Red Eye Resurgence: More Demo Viewers Watch Fox At 3am Than CNN at 8pm|date=October 5, 2009|first=Steve|last=Krakauer|work=[[Mediaite]]}}</ref>
{{cquote|The ratings came out for September and ''Red Eye'' is up over 30% in total viewers and up 50% in the key demo (25-54) since July. They have more overall viewers than every CNBC show, every MSNBC show that is on before Hardball, most of HLN, and American Morning on CNN.}}
September 2010 was the third anniversary of ''Red Eye'' and it was noted that their rating for 3:00 a.m. EST beat out [[CNN]],
{{cquote|This time, the show had better ratings in the A25-54 demographic than Campbell Brown at 8pmET and Larry King at 9pmET, and tied Anderson Cooper at 10pmET (Monday-Thursday).}}

Summing up Fox News ratings, at the end of 2021, columnist: "Gutfeld Crushes Late-Night."<ref>Andy Meek, [https://www.forbes.com/sites/andymeek/2021/12/29/fox-news-in-2021-ratings-dominance-even-with-trump-gone-plus-fox-weather-and-gutfeld-crushes-late-night/ Fox News In 2021: Ratings Dominance Even With Trump Gone, Plus Fox Weather, And Gutfeld Crushes Late-Night] Forbes, Dec 29, 2021</ref>

===Bill O'Reilly===
The [[O'Reilly Factor]] had been the most watched cable news program, until O'Reilly was fired from Fox News on April 19, 2017, due to alleged sexual harassment. O'Reilly has interviewed Barack Obama and other high-profile guests on his show.
:"FOX News destroys NBC and CNN on cable every night. We cover the news. We don't ignore it. And we don't denigrate it." - Bill O'Reilly
Bill O'Reilly is a registered independent, but sides with Republicans on most issues, excluding several Christian causes. Bill O'Reilly wrote the bestseller "A Bold Fresh Piece of Humanity." Like [[Sean Hannity]] and other commentators on Fox, O'Reilly's role was that of an independent contractor, expressing his own opinions, not those of Fox News, as opposed to the network's news anchors, like Shepard Smith.

====Bill O'Reilly and the homosexuality issue====

''See also:'' [[Bill O'Reilly and the homosexuality issue]] and [[Homosexuality in the media]]

The [[American Family Association]] reported the following regarding [[Bill O'Reilly]] who host the O'Reilly Report, which is a popular program on the Fox News Channel:
{{cquote|On February 11, 2004, Bill O'Reilly, host of The O'Reilly Factor on the Fox News Channel, featured Kevin Jennings, the executive director of GLSEN (the Gay, Lesbian, Straight Education Network.) Jennings, a former teacher turned homosexual activist, along with a lesbian counterpart, discussed GLSEN's new pro-homosexual curriculum on marriage being marketed to children and youth in public schools all across America under the guise of "tolerance."..

O'Reilly, watched heavily by conservatives and Christians alike, shocked much of his constituency on September 3, 2002, when he publicly announced his support of homosexual rights in the nation's largest “gay” publication, ''The Advocate''. His sympathetic, lenient views on “gay” adoption and his mixed-message stance on “gay” marriage have caused great dissent among his loyalists - and no doubt cost him viewers.<ref>http://www.afa.net/homosexual_agenda/GetArticle.asp?id=115</ref>}}

[[WorldNetDaily]] stated the following regarding O'Reilly and his exchange with the [[Ex-Homosexuals|ex-homosexual]] and evangelical minister Stephen Bennett:
{{cquote|Fox News is threatening to sue a prominent evangelical minister in the ex-homosexual movement who engaged in a volatile exchange over biblical morality on the top-rated television program "The O'Reilly Factor" in September.

Stephen Bennett, who says he left his homosexual lifestyle nearly 11 years ago, has distributed a 60-minute audio tape program called the "The O'Reilly Shocker," in which he responds to host Bill O'Reilly's characterization of people who take the Bible literally as "religious fanatics."

Bennett said he has received hundreds of e-mails from viewers of the segment who said they were outraged at O'Reilly's "anger and verbal abuse."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wnd.com/2003/01/16542/|title=Fox News threatens to sue ex-'gay' minister|date=January 3, 2003|first1=Art|last1=Moore|work=[[WND]]}}</ref>}}

In response to the threatened lawsuit of the Fox News Channel, the Agape Press reported:
{{cquote|But Mike DePrimo, senior litigation counsel for the American Family Association Center for Law & Policy, which represents Bennett, says Bennett has a right to distribute a recording of the program -- and that his use of the tape is legal under copyright law's allowance of fair use and comment.

"The law provides that even copyrighted material may be used, provided it's used not for commercial gain but for comment," DePrimo says. "Stephen Bennett used the material from the O'Reilly show simply to rebut the arguments O'Reilly put forward."

The attorney implied there may be another reason the popular O'Reilly wants the distribution of the tape stopped -- and it has to do with image. "O'Reilly promotes himself as a conservative," DePrimo explains. "In fact, Bennett's tape shows that O'Reilly is simply another media elite who's advancing the [[Homosexual Agenda|homosexual agenda]] -- and he doesn't want to be exposed for what he is."<ref>http://headlines.agapepress.org/archive/1/afa/32003a.asp</ref>}}

Bill O'Reilly describes himself as a practicing [[Roman Catholic]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.billoreilly.com/newslettercolumn?pid=29184|title=The Catholic Quandary|date=April 1, 2010|work=[[Bill O'Reilly]]}}</ref> According to the [[Vatican]] individuals should not engage in homosexual acts as they are acts of serious depravity.<ref name="vatican.va">http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/cfaith/documents/rc_con_cfaith_doc_20030731_homosexual-unions_en.html</ref>

===Sarah Palin===
The network confirmed in January 2010 that the former [[Alaska]] governor [[Sarah Palin]] had signed a multiyear contract to appear on the news station periodically. Potentially in a format similar to LtCol (ret) Oliver L. North's "War stories" documentary series.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://mediadecoder.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/01/11/sarah-palin-to-contribute-to-fox-news/?scp=2&sq=Palin&st=cse|title=Sarah Palin to Contribute to Fox News|date=January 11, 2010|first=Jim|last=Rutenberg|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref>

Palin left in January 2013 looking to take her message to a "larger audience", but returned as a political commentator under a new contract in June 2013.<ref name=politico/>

===Obama Administration versus Fox News===
[[Barack Hussein Obama]] has thin skin when it comes to criticism of his policies. The entire [[mainstream media]] has thrown its support to Obama and refuses to questions his policies. Fox News is the lone station that will criticize Obama fairly. Obama said,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newsmax.com/insidecover/media_critic_fox_news/2009/06/19/227121.html|title=Media Critic: Fox Only Press Doing Its Job|date=June 19, 2009|work=[[NewsMax]]}}</ref>

{{cquote| “I’ve got one television station that is entirely devoted to attacking my administration... That’s a pretty big megaphone. You’d be hard pressed if you watched the entire day to find a positive story about me on that front.” }}

The President has praised MSNBC and berated Fox News. Considering that MSNBC devoted itself to attacking George W Bush and his administration, this is hypocritical on Obama's part. To sum it up, all other major news networks have let themselves become servile heralds of the liberal agenda, while Fox News is the only station that will call Obama out on anything he does.

Media critic David Zurawik said “Thank goodness at least one TV outlet, Fox, is questioning Team Obama as it pushes for the kind of massive change in American life not seen since the era of Franklin Roosevelt,” and "...ABC, NBC, MSNBC, CNBC and the others allow their news operations to be used by the White House for partisan political reasons."

===Tony Snow===
In April 2006 the G. W. Bush [[White House]] selected [[Tony Snow]], Fox News Anchorman, to be the new White House Press Secretary. "Snow, who in his roles as a [[pundit]] on Fox News and elsewhere has rapped Bush on several occasions, joined the White House only after extracting a promise that he would become an adviser to the president on day-to-day strategy...the former columnist will be the first outsider to become part of Bush's revamped inner circle.", said the [[Washington Post]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/04/26/AR2006042600558.html|title=Snow Pick May Signal Less Insular White House|date=April 27, 2006|first=Jim|last=VandeHei|work=[[Washington Post]]}}</ref>

Prior to being White House Press Secretary, Snow was the host of ''Fox News Sunday, with Tony Snow'' and the host of his own radio talk show. He was a director of speech-writing for President [[George H.W. Bush]] and has worked as a [[USA Today]] columnist, Editorial Page Editor of the [[Washington Times]], deputy editorial page editor of the [[Detroit News]], and frequent substitute for radio host [[Rush Limbaugh]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2006/04/20060426.html|title= President Announces Tony Snow as Press Secretary |date=April 4, 2006|work=[[The White House]]}}</ref> Snow died July 12, 2008, at age 50 after an unsuccessful battle with colon cancer.

== Fox News Canada ==
Liberals have successfully painted Fox News as being blocked in [[Canada]] because of laws against lying. The premise is false. While they don't operate in Canada because of the legal tactics of direct competitor and wholly-owned government entity [[CBC|Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]] (CBC), Fox News does broadcast their channel by selling programs to Canadian third-party independent media firms like Bell, Rogers and 20 other companies.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150101090541/https://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,184837,00.html|title=Where in the World is FOX?|first=Brian C.|last=Anderson|work=Fox News}}</ref>

== See also ==

<div style="column-count:2;-moz-column-count:2;-webkit-column-count:2">

* [[Fox Television and Religion]]
* [[Homosexuality in the media]]
* [[21st Century Fox]]
* [[James Murdoch]]
* [[O’Sullivan’s First Law]]
* [[Neocon Inc.]]
* [[Unplug Fox]]

</div>

== External links ==
* [https://www.foxnews.com/ Fox News official website]

===Further reading===
* Pinkerton, James P. (April 22, 2017). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-journalism/2017/04/22/pinkerton-trump-nation-fox-nation-fox-news-roger-ailes-bill-oreilly/ Pinkerton: Before Trump Nation, There Was Fox Nation: Fox News After Roger Ailes and Bill O’Reilly]. ''Breitbart News''.
* [https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2020/11/trump-supporters-washington-dc-chant-fox-news-sucks-stopthesteal-march-rally-video/ Trump Supporters in Washington DC Chant “FOX News Sucks!” at #StopTheSteal March and Rally (VIDEO)] by Jim Hoft of [[The Gateway Pundit]]. November 14, 2020.

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

{{Globalism}}
[[Category:Fox News Channel]]
[[Category:Cable TV Networks]]
[[Category:Homosexual Agenda]]

Dominion Voting Systems

2026-10-13T02:42:31Z

RoadtoEmmaus: Remove duplicate period after closing quotation mark

[[File:Dominion logo.png|right|350px|thumb|Dominion Voting Systems logo: Red ballots in, Blue ballots out.]]
'''Dominion Voting Systems''' is a company that sells voting hardware and software and is headquartered in Toronto, Ontario and Denver, Colorado.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20201120113520/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-11-17/trump-s-election-attacks-put-voting-tech-firm-in-the-crosshairs </ref> Dominion was founded in 2004 in [[Venezuela]] to rig elections for the [[dictator]] [[Hugo Chavez]] and later [[Nicolas Maduro]]. The software has been used by the [[CIA]] to rig elections in [[Eastern Europe]]. Dominion acquired the vote-rigging software when it purchased Sequoia Voting Systems from [[Smartmatic]],<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xtGEBRRAC50</ref> which originally developed the software, and signed a non-competition agreement.<ref>[https://thenationalpulse.com/news/dominion-smartmatic-are-not-actually-competitors/ Dominion/Smartmatic ‘Noncompete’ Agreement Emerges Despite Claims Of Being ‘Fierce Competitors’], Natalie Winters, ''National Pulse'', November 21, 2020.</ref>

All Dominion machines include a “weighted race feature” to fractionalize votes whose only purpose is to cheat in elections.<ref>https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2020/11/dominion-voting-machines-include-weighted-race-feature-whose-purpose-cheat-elections-contacted-dominion-not-get-response/</ref> For example, the machine can be set to count a vote for Donald Trump as 0.7 of a vote while counting a vote for Joe Biden as 1.25 of a vote.<ref>https://youtu.be/7TLm0D9qvXA</ref>

As of 2020, the equipment is used in 30 states in the [[United States]]. In the [[United States presidential election, 2020|2020 presidential election]], Dominion Voting Systems deleted 2.7 million votes for incumbent [[President Donald Trump]] nationwide. Data analysis found the voting systems switched 221,000 votes in [[Pennsylvania]] from President Trump to his rival, [[Democratic party|Democrat]] challenger former [[Vice President Joe Biden]]. 941,000 Trump votes were deleted. Other states using Dominion switched 435,000 votes from President Trump to Joe Biden, although liberals like to dispute it despite lots of evidence proving it did.<ref>https://thenewamerican.com/potus-dominion-voting-system-deleted-2-7-million-trump-votes/</ref> As suspicions arose, Dominion shuttered their [[Toronto]] and [[Denver]] offices, refused to testify before a Pennsylvania House committee,<ref>https://www.theepochtimes.com/dominion-cancels-planned-appearance-before-pennsylvania-lawmakers_3587425.html</ref> and at least 100 Dominion employees deleted their LinkedIn profiles.<ref>https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2020/11/since-election-day-100-243-dominion-employees-linkedin-deleted-profiles/</ref><ref>https://gellerreport.com/2020/11/dominion-radicals-screenshots-of-their-scrubbed-linkedin-accounts.html/</ref> Dominion, a foreign corporation conducting American elections, issued a statement saying it was ‘not shuttering its offices’ and that ‘employees have been encouraged to work remotely and protect their social media profiles due to persistent harassment and threats against personal safety.’<ref>https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/factcheck/2020/11/24/fact-check-false-claim-voting-software-companies-have-closed/6393155002/ </ref> 'Working remotely' to conduct election rigging and interference is one of the allegations charged against Dominion machines.

In December 2020 a class action lawsuit on behalf of voters was filed against Dominion and other parties.<ref>https://dominionclassaction.com/m/login?r=%2Fhow-to-join</ref> The lawsuit was dismissed on November 22, 2021.<ref>https://bloximages.newyork1.vip.townnews.com/coloradopolitics.com/content/tncms/assets/v3/editorial/6/1c/61cb3194-4c0f-11ec-98ca-173de4a6304a/619c635f83d11.pdf.pdf</ref> The attorneys who filed the lawsuit were ordered to pay fees for those involved.<ref>https://www.coloradopolitics.com/courts/federal-judge-tells-lawyers-to-pay-up-in-dominion-voter-fraud-case/article_cdad92ee-4c0a-11ec-8359-f3aa5a763f47.html </ref><ref>https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USCOURTS-cod-1_20-cv-03747/context</ref> An appeal of this decision is pending.<ref>https://dominionclassaction.com/</ref>

==Lawsuits Filed By Dominion<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/alisondurkee/2022/01/18/after-lawsuit-against-mypillow-ceo-mike-lindell-heres-who-dominion-and-smartmatic-have-sued-so-far-and-who-could-be-next/?sh=2350f0b612f6</ref> ==
Dominion sued [[OANN]] and anchors Chanel Rion and Christina Bobb in federal court and [[Newsmax]] in [[Delaware]] state court in August, alleging the two networks promoted fraud allegations on their networks knowing they were false.

Dominion sued former [[Overstock]] [[CEO]] [[Patrick Byrne]], alleging the businessman manufactured and promoted fake evidence to convince the world that the 2020 election had been stolen using Dominion voting machines.

Dominion filed its first lawsuit in January against pro-Trump attorney [[Sidney Powell]], who has been the most prominent person spreading the fraud claims, seeking $1.3 billion in damages.

Dominion filed suit against Trump attorney [[Rudy Giuliani]], alleging he used the conspiracy theory about Dominion’s machines to personally enrich himself while knowing the claims were false.

Dominion made similar allegations against [[Mike Lindell]], suing the businessman and his company in February and claiming the CEO sells the lie involving the company’s voting machines because the lie sells pillows.

Dominion sued [[Fox News]] in March alleging the network had knowingly spread false news about its machines to improve failing ratings, saying they had “set out to lure viewers back...by intentionally and falsely blaming Dominion” for President Donald Trump’s loss. Dominion settled its defamation lawsuit against Fox News on April 18, 2023, shortly before witness testimony was to start. Dominion’s lead attorney said at a news conference the settlement will pay the voting machine company $787.5 million. Dominion originally sued Fox for $1.6 billion in March 2021 for defamation, alleging the network pushed 2020 election fraud claims involving the company’s voting machines despite knowing they were false for financial gain. The judge presiding over the case had previously issued a summary judgment ruling that found Fox’s on-air claims about Dominion were false, but the trial was set to determine whether Fox had acted with “actual malice”.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/alisondurkee/2023/04/18/fox-news-settles-dominion-defamation-case-for-7875-million-dominion-lawyer-says/?sh=2246b7291509</ref>

Dominion has identified more than 150 people as potential targets of litigation, and has sent letters to preserve evidence and warning of potential [[litigation]] to right-wing figures, including pro-Trump attorney [[Lin Wood]], Fox News anchors and Melissa Carone. The company sent letters to social media networks in [[February]] asking them to preserve posts from Trump and his campaign, as well as from Trump allies including former Trump advisor [[Michael Flynn]], Fox anchor [[Jeanine Pirro]], Trump campaign attorney Jenna Ellis and political commentator [[Dan Bongino]].

==Foreign actors==
[[File:Biden Putsch.png|right|350px|thumb]]
Dominion Voting Systems is a Canadian-owned company with global subsidiaries. It is owned by Staple Street Capital which is in turn owned by UBS Securities LLC, of which 3 of its 7 board members are Chinese nationals. The Dominion software is licensed from Smartmatic which is a Venezuelan-owned and controlled company. Dominion server locations have been determined to be in Serbia, Canada, the U.S., Spain, and Germany.

[[NBC News]] reported in December 2019,
{{quotebox-float|"Chinese manufacturers can be forced to cooperate with requests from Chinese intelligence officials to share any information about the technology and therefore pose a risk for U.S. companies, NBC News analyst Frank Figliuzzi, a former assistant director of the FBI for counterintelligence, said. That could include intellectual property, such as source code, materials or blueprints. There is also the concern of machines shipped with undetected vulnerabilities or backdoors that could allow tampering."<ref>https://www.nbcnews.com/news/all/chinese-parts-hidden-ownership-growing-scrutiny-inside-america-s-biggest-n1104516</ref>}}

In January 2020 Dominion [[CEO]] John Poulos testified before Congress that Dominion machines are composed of parts manufactured in China from "screen on the interface down to the chip component level." Under questioning from Democratic Congresswoman [[Zoe Lofgren]], Poulos claimed, "there’s no option for manufacturing of those in the United States."<ref>https://thenationalpulse.com/news/dominion-uses-chinese-parts/</ref> The [[Chinese Communist Party]] endorsed [[Joe Biden]] for president in the 2020 presidential election.<ref>https://www.businessinsider.com/us-intelligence-china-biden-russia-trump-election-2020-8</ref><ref>https://www.globaltimes.cn/content/1198289.shtml</ref>

On Oct. 8, 2020, Staple Street Capital filed [[SEC]] Form D offerings and sales amount of $400,000,000 with the Sales Compensation Recipient identified as UBS Securities. An earlier payment of $200,000,000 was received in December 2014. UBS Securities is a [[Swiss]] investment bank which owns 24.99% of UBS Securities Co LTD, a Chinese investment bank. The remaining 75% of UBS Securities CO LTD is owned by the Chinese government.<ref>https://www.investmentwatchblog.com/parent-company-of-dominion-received-400-million-from-a-chinese-investment-bank-in-switzerland/</ref>

Sworn testimony by an analyst of the 305th Military Intelligence about the 2020 presidential election reads,
{{quotebox-float|"this affidavit presents unambiguous evidence that Dominion Voter Systems and Edison Research have been accessible and were certainly compromised by rogue actors, such as [[Iran]] and [[PRC|China]]. By using servers and employees connected with rogue actors and hostile foreign influences combined with numerous easily discoverable leaked credentials, these organizations neglectfully allowed foreign adversaries to access data and intentionally provided access to their infrastructure in order to monitor and manipulate elections, including the most recent one in 2020. This represents a complete failure of their duty to provide basic cyber security. This is not a technological issue, but rather a governance and basic security issue: if it is not corrected, future elections in the United States and beyond will not be secure and citizens will not have confidence in the results."}}
Cyber sleuths scanned Dominion network nodes and found a number of interrelationships with foreign entities, including access to Dominion’s server by a network from Hunan, China. Another forensic review confirmed links to an Iranian IP address, the analyst wrote, and concluded that the totality of “these scanning behaviors showed that foreign agents of aggressor nations had access to US voter lists, and had done so recently.”<ref>https://www.dickmorris.com/china-linked-bank-paid-dominion-400-million-four-weeks-before-the-election/</ref>

According to Gen. [[Tom McInerney]], servers were seized in [[Frankfurt, Germany]],<ref>https://youtu.be/30N5MVzJXJc</ref> where [[fraud]]ulent votes were being cooked up for [[Joe Biden]] during and after the [[2020 presidential election]]. The covert facility where these servers were being housed is run by the [[CIA]], and it is where elections all over the world are monitored and “cooked” to produce predetermined outcomes.<ref>https://nationalfile.com/the-kraken-retired-general-says-us-military-intel-group-nicknamed-kraken-seized-dominion-servers-in-germany/</ref>

===Vulnerabilities===
Dominion was rejected by the [[Texas]] [[Secretary of State]] for use in elections in 2013 and 2019 over a plethora of issues which led to its failure of basic tests for reliability and accuracy. Per a comprehensive report from 2019, the Texas [[Attorney General]]'s office recommended that “certification should be denied.”<ref>https://thenationalpulse.com/news/dominion-voting-system-flag/</ref>

A 2017 [[California]] Secretary of State staff review of Dominion's Democracy Suite system reported the machines were easily hackable. The review found security vulnerabilities that required management through control measures within the tabulation locations. One of these was that the ImageCast X (ICX) system runs on an [[Android]] tablet with no form of anti-virus protection, which must be handled by locking the ICX ports with a metal cover to prevent introduction of malicious software. The review identified five instances of vulnerable SQL statements inside private functions of the ImageCast Evolution (ICE) system which could be accessed by a knowledgeable insider. Additionally, the ICX device automatically loads data or software from an inserted USB drive, reading it as an .exe file.<ref>https://votingsystems.cdn.sos.ca.gov/vendors/dominion/ds52-staffreport.pdf</ref>

In February 2020, [[PBS]] noted that Dominion Voting Systems is a type of system that registers votes in bar codes that the human eye cannot read. The news source quotes researchers as saying: "Voters could end up with printouts that accurately spell out the names of the candidates they picked, but, because of a hack, the bar codes do not reflect those choices. Because the bar codes are what’s tabulated, voters would never know that their ballots benefited another candidate."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/reliability-of-pricey-new-voting-machines-questioned|author=Bajak, Frank - [[Associated Press]]|title=Reliability of pricey new voting machines questioned|date=23 February 2020|accessdate=24 November 2020}}</ref>

''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' reported that in 2005 a concerned [[Florida]] election supervisor engaged a data-security expert to check the vulnerability of a Dominion Voting Machine. The expert hacked in, and by changing a few lines of code on the machine’s memory card, changed the results of a mock election. Although Dominion later insisted the vulnerabilities were fixed, the same expert said the fixes were insufficient.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/why-a-data-security-expert-fears-u-s-voting-will-be-hacked-11587747159|publisher=Wall Street Journal|title=Why a Data-Security Expert Fears U.S. Voting Will Be Hacked|author=Wolfe, Alexandra|date=24 April 2020|accessdate=24 November 2020}}</ref>

All Dominion voting machines are connected to servers, including in foreign countries, using SolarWinds software. SolarWinds software links computer servers and devices (like voting machines) together and is used by numerous U.S. and state government agencies and large corporations.<ref>https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2020/12/dominion-voting-machines-trying-hide-relationship-solar-winds/</ref>

==Election rigging==

[[PBS NewsHour]] reported on the problems with Dominion Voting Systems one week before the 2020 presidential election.<ref>https://twitter.com/kylenabecker/status/1327329411805421570</ref>
[[File:Dominion-states-522x600.jpg|right|200px|thumb|Dominion election equipment with Chinese components used in 28 states.<ref>https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2020/11/huge-corrupted-software-used-michigan-county-stole-6000-votes-trump-also-used-swing-states-uses-chinese-computer-parts-machines/</ref>]]
An eyewitness testified in a sworn affidavit,
{{quotebox-float|"the software and fundamental design of the electronic electoral system and software of Dominion and other election tabulating companies relies upon software that is a descendant of the Smartmatic Electoral Management System. In short, the Smartmatic software is in the DNA of every vote tabulating company’s software and system.

22. Dominion is one of three major companies that tabulates votes in the United States. Dominion uses the same methods and fundamentally same
software design for the storage, transfer and computation of voter identification data and voting data. Dominion and Smartmatic did business together. The software, hardware and system have the same fundamental flaws which allow multiple opportunities to corrupt the data and mask the process in a way that the average person cannot detect any fraud or manipulation. The fact that the voting machine displays a voting result that the voter intends and then prints out a paper ballot which reflects that change does not matter. It is the software that counts the digitized vote and reports the results. The software itself is the one that changes the information electronically to the result that the operator of the software and vote counting system intends to produce that counts. That’s how it is done. So the software, the software itself configures the vote and voting result -- changing the selection made by the voter. The software decides the result regardless of what the voter votes."<ref>https://www.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.gand.283580/gov.uscourts.gand.283580.6.14.pdf</ref>}}
Expert Navid Keshavarz-Nia<ref>https://cybersummitusa.com/2017/06/navid-nia/</ref> explains that US intelligence services had developed tools to infiltrate foreign voting systems including Dominion. He states that Dominion’s software is vulnerable to data manipulation by unauthorized means and permitted election data to be altered in all battleground states.<ref>https://www.scribd.com/document/486105599/Affidavit-of-Dr-Navid-Keshavarz-Nia-Phd</ref> He concludes that hundreds of thousands of votes that were cast for President Trump in the 2020 general election were transferred to former Vice President Biden. The chairman of the [[Federal Election Commission]], Trey Trainor, said there was voter fraud in key states. “The massive amounts of affidavits that we see in these cases show that there was in fact fraud that took place.”<ref>https://justthenews.com/politics-policy/elections/federal-election-commission-chairman-trump-campaign-bringing-legitimate</ref>

The design and features of the Dominion software do not permit a simple audit to reveal its misallocation, redistribution, or deletion of votes. First, the system's central accumulator does not include a protected real-time audit log that maintains the date and time stamps of all significant election events. Key components of the system utilize unprotected logs. Essentially this allows an unauthorized user the opportunity to arbitrarily add, modify, or remove log entries, causing the machine to log election events that do not reflect actual voting tabulations—or more specifically, do not reflect the actual votes of or the will of the people.

After allegations emerged that called into question the integrity of voting machines produced by Dominion Voting Systems, the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA)—part of the [[Department of Homeland Security]]—issued a statement on November 12, 2020 disputing the allegations, saying “the November 3rd election was the most secure in American history.”. What the agency failed to disclose, however, is that Dominion Voting Systems is a member of CISA’s Election Infrastructure Sector Coordinating Council, one of two entities that authored the statement put out by CISA.<ref>https://www.trevorloudon.com/2020/11/dominion-smartmatic-it-is-a-mess-here-are-some-top-details/</ref>

Within two weeks after the vote rigging and [[election fraud]] was exposed, Dominion shuttered their [[Toronto]] and [[Denver]] offices, refused to testify before a Pennsylvania House committee,<ref>https://www.theepochtimes.com/dominion-cancels-planned-appearance-before-pennsylvania-lawmakers_3587425.html</ref> and at least 100 Dominion employees deleted their LinkedIn profiles.<ref>https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2020/11/since-election-day-100-243-dominion-employees-linkedin-deleted-profiles/</ref>

===Connected to the internet===
''Vice News'' reported in a piece entitled, ''Critical U.S. Election Systems Have Been Left Exposed Online Despite Official Denials'', researchers found voting systems have been connected to the internet possibly for years, including in some swing states.
{{quotebox-float|"A document for modem transmissions from voting machines made by Dominion Voting Systems—another top voting machine company in the country—similarly discusses TCP-IP and SSL, both protocols used for internet traffic."<ref>https://www.vice.com/en/article/3kxzk9/exclusive-critical-us-election-systems-have-been-left-exposed-online-despite-official-denials</ref>}}

===2020 Presidential election===
Dominion Voting Systems is used in 28 states. In [[Pennsylvania]], a ‘glitch’ was uncovered where nearly 20,000 votes were moved from President Trump to Biden.<ref>https://youtu.be/1mrWY3UYL88</ref> In [[Wisconsin]], 10,000 votes were moved from President Trump to Biden in Rock County.<ref>http://freedomdailypress.com/2020/11/10/breaking-exclusive-system-glitch-also-uncovered-in-wisconsin-reversal-of-19032-votes-removes-lead-from-joe-bid</ref><ref>https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2020/11/tgps-joe-hoft-steve-bannons-war-room-10-et-americasvoice-news-tv-discuss-recent-wisconsin-finding/</ref>

====Michigan====
:{{See also|Michigan election fraud}}
[[File:Antrim County.png|right|350px|thumb|Vote switching in Antrim County, MI.<ref>https://www.9and10news.com/content/uploads/2020/12/Antrim_Michigan_Forensics_Report_121320_v2_REDACTED.pdf</ref>]]
A supposed 'glitch' in software used to tabulate ballots in Antrim County, [[Michigan]], caused [[Republican]] votes to be counted as Democrat. The switch was first reported by a county clerk. A short investigation revealed that 47 counties in Michigan also suffered from a similar alleged 'glitch' with the same software, which caused some red counties to rake in a higher number of Democrat votes than usual. State GOP chair Laura Cox reported,<ref>https://thefederalist.com/2020/11/06/software-glitch-in-michigan-county-tallied-6000-republican-votes-as-democrat/</ref>
{{quotebox-float|“Antrim County had to hand count all of the ballots, and these counties that use the software need to closely examine their results for similar discrepancies. The people of Michigan deserve a transparent and open process.”}}
Another example was uncovered in Oakland County, Michigan, where again a Republican won his race as a result of the alleged 'glitch' being reversed. An independent forensic audit of Dominion’s machines concluded:
{{quotebox-float|"the Dominion Voting System is intentionally and purposefully designed with inherent errors to create systemic fraud and influence election results. The system intentionally generates an enormously high number of ballot errors. The electronic ballots are then transferred for adjudication. The intentional errors lead to bulk adjudication of ballots with no oversight, no transparency, and no audit trail.... The allowable election error rate established by the [[Federal Election Commission]] guidelines is of 1 in 250,000 ballots (.0008%). We observed an error rate of 68.05%. This demonstrated a significant and fatal error in security and election integrity....These are not human errors; this is definitively related to the software and software configurations resulting in error rates far beyond the thresholds listed in the guidelines....It is critical to understand that the Dominion system classifies ballots into two categories, 1) normal ballots and 2) adjudicated ballots. Ballots sent to adjudication can be altered by administrators, and adjudication files can be moved between different Results Tally and Reporting (RTR) terminals with no audit trail of which administrator actually adjudicates (i.e. votes) the ballot batch. This demonstrated a significant and fatal error in security and election integrity because it provides no meaningful observation of the adjudication process or audit trail of which administrator actually adjudicated the ballots.<ref>https://www.depernolaw.com/uploads/2/7/0/2/27029178/antrim_michigan_forensics_report_[121320]_v2_[redacted].pdf</ref>}}

====Georgia====
:{{See also|Georgia election fraud}}
On October 11, 2020, three weeks before the 2020 presidential election, Judge Amy Totenberg of the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Georgia wrote an opinion in ''Curling v. Raffensperger'' citing a risk of "stealth vote alteration or operational interference" in touchscreen voting devices sold by Dominion Voting Systems if they are not properly audited. Those risks "are neither hypothetical nor remote under the current circumstances,", Totenberg wrote, adding that the machines can "deprive voters of their cast votes" by storing data in unverified digital QR codes, making any potential manipulation invisible to voters "at least until any portions of the system implode because of system breach, breakdown, or crashes."<ref>https://casetext.com/case/curling-v-raffensperger-3</ref>

According to [[CNN]],<ref>https://www.cnn.com/politics/live-news/trump-biden-election-results-11-06-20/h_cea5da87d01a2365d79863c9912d5c64</ref>
{{quotebox|"Gwinnett County, [[Georgia]], an [[Atlanta]] suburb, has faced a day-long delay in reporting a crucial batch of votes due to a technical problem as the presidential race in the state hangs in the balance.

At around 5 p.m. ET Friday [Novemeber 6, 2020], Gwinnett County was finally able to upload about 4,000 outstanding absentee-by-mail ballots, as well as re-run roughly 460 early voting ballots that had to be transferred from a "bad data card," Gwinnett County spokesperson Joe Sorensen told [[CNN]].

Originally, the county had hoped to upload these results at 8 a.m. ET; however, there was a technical issue with the Dominion system used to upload to the Georgia Secretary of State's office, Sorenson said. Gwinnett County says the blame for the delay falls solely on Dominion Voting Systems."}}
Two Georgia counties had to extend their voting deadlines to accommodate for delays produced by a last-minute software update. This was called “unprecedented” by local election officials. According to ''[[Politico]]:''
{{quotebox|"Voters were unable to cast machine ballots for a couple of hours in Morgan and Spalding counties after the electronic devices crashed, state officials said. In response to the delays, Superior Court Judge W. Fletcher Sams extended voting until 11 p.m. The counties use voting machines made by Dominion Voting Systems and electronic poll books — used to sign in voters — made by KnowInk.

The companies “uploaded something last night, which is not normal, and it caused a glitch,” said Marcia Ridley, elections supervisor at Spalding County Board of Election. That glitch prevented pollworkers from using the pollbooks to program smart cards that the voters insert into the voting machines.

Ridley said that a representative from the two companies called her after poll workers began having problems with the equipment Tuesday morning and said the problem was due to an upload to the machines by one of their technicians overnight."<ref>https://noqreport.com/2020/11/06/dominion-voting-systems-the-company-at-the-center-of-michigan-and-georgia-voting-glitches/</ref>}}

===2020 Georgia primary===
{{Image Thumbnail right|File:Raffensperger2.png|200px|Raffensperger}}
:{{See also|2020 Democrat primaries#Dominion Election Systems}}
Georgia Secretary of State, [[Brad Raffensperger]], announced the state’s purchase of a $106 million election system from Dominion Voting Systems in July 2019. In a lawsuit, which originated in 2017, critics contend that the new system was subject to many of the same security vulnerabilities as the one it was replacing.

In an October 11, 2020 order, just weeks prior to the 2020 presidential election, U.S. District Judge Amy Totenberg agreed with the concerns associated with the new Dominion voting system, writing that the case presented “serious system security vulnerability and operational issues that may place Plaintiffs and other voters at risk of deprivation of their fundamental right to cast an effective vote that is accurately counted.”

“The Court’s Order has delved deep into the true risks posed by the new BMD voting system as well as its manner of implementation. These risks are neither hypothetical nor remote under the current circumstances,”, Judge Totenberg wrote in her order.

Jeff Carlson of ''[[The Epoch Times]]'' reported the findings of Harri Hursti, an acknowledged expert on electronic voting security. Hursti provided a first-hand description of problems during the June 9, 2020 statewide primary election and runoff elections on August 11, 2020. Hursti summarized his findings:
*“The scanner and tabulation [[software]] settings being employed to determine which votes to count on hand marked paper ballots are likely causing clearly intentioned votes not to be counted”
*“The voting system is being operated in Fulton County in a manner that escalates the security risk to an extreme level.”
*“Voters are not reviewing their BMD [Ballot Marking Devices] printed ballots, which causes BMD generated results to be un-auditable due to the untrustworthy audit trail.”
[[File:Shaya Moss.png|right|300px|thumb|Shaya Moss, the Fulton County Georgia supervisor of registration, stuffed the ballot box with tens of thousands of votes for Joe Biden on the night of November 3, 2020 and in the early morning hours after.<ref>https://youtu.be/NCgSFoD0bK0</ref>]]
During the runoff elections, on the night of August 11, 2020, Hursti was present at the Fulton County Election Preparation Center to observe the “upload of the memory devices coming in from the precincts to the [[Dominion Election Management System]] [EMS] server.”. During this observation, Hursti noted that “system problems were recurring and the Dominion technicians operating the system were struggling with the upload process.”

Hursti also noted that it appeared that Dominion personnel were the only ones with knowledge of, and access to, the Dominion server. As Hursti stated in his declaration, “In my conversations with Derrick Gilstrap and other Fulton County Elections Department EPC personnel, they professed to have limited knowledge of or control over the EMS server and its operations.”.

Hursti noted that this wholesale outsourcing of the operation of voting equipment to the vendor’s personnel was “highly unusual in my experience and of grave concern from a security and conflict of interest perspective.”. Hursti referred to Dominion’s onsite operation and access as “an elevated risk factor.”.

Hursti also noted that the Dell computers running the Dominion server appeared not to have been “hardened”—the process of “securing a system by reducing its surface of vulnerability.”. Hursti said that he found it “unacceptable for an EMS server not to have been hardened prior to installation.”.

Hursti observed that computers used in Georgia’s system for vote processing appeared to have “home/small business companion software packages” on them. This raised areas of significant concern for Hursti as he noted: “[O]ne of the first procedures of hardening is removal of all unwanted software, and removal of those game icons and the associated games and installers alongside with all other software which is not absolutely needed in the computer for election processing purposes would be one of the first and most basic steps in the hardening process. In my professional opinion, independent inquiry should be promptly made of all 159 counties to determine if the Dominion systems statewide share this major deficiency.”

Hursti discovered that one of the computers had an icon for a 2017 computer game called “Homescapes”, which Hursti noted called into question whether “all Georgia Dominion system computers have the same operating system version, or how the game has come to be having a presence in Fulton’s Dominion voting system.”.

Hursti also found a troubling blend of old and new equipment which carried additional security risks due to a lack of patch updates: “Although this Dominion voting system is new to Georgia, the Windows 10 operating system of at least the ‘main’ computer in the rack has not been updated for 4 years and carries a wide range of well-known and publicly disclosed vulnerabilities.”

Hursti noted that the lack of “hardening” created security risks even for computers that were not connected to the internet. He observed that when flash drives were connected to the server, the “media was automounted by the operating system. When the operating system is automounting a storage media, the operating system starts automatically to interact with the device.”.

Hursti noted that the management of Fulton County’s EMS server appeared to be an “ad hoc operation with no formalized process.”. This seemed particularly apparent in relation to the process of storage media coming in from various precincts throughout the night: “This kind of operation i[s] naturally prone to human errors. I observed personnel calling on the floor asking if all vote carrying compact flash cards had been delivered from the early voting machines for processing, followed by later finding additional cards which had been overlooked in apparent human error. Later, I heard again one technician calling on the floor asking if all vote carrying compact flashes had been delivered. This clearly demonstrates lack of inventory management which should be in place to ensure, among other things, that no rogue storage devices would be inserted into the computer. In response, 3 more compact flash cards were hand-delivered. Less than 5 minutes later, I heard one of the county workers say that additional card was found and was delivered for processing. All these devices were trusted by printed label only and no comparison to an inventory list of any kind was performed.”

Hursti also observed that “operations were repeatedly performed directly on the operating system.”. The election software has no visibility into the operations of the operating system, which creates additional auditing problems, and as Hursti noted, “Unless the system is configured properly to collect file system auditing data is not complete. As the system appears not to be hardened, it is unlikely that the operating system has been configured to collect auditing data.”.

====Remote access====

Raising even greater concerns was the apparent “complete access” that Dominion personnel appeared to have into the computer system. Hursti observed Dominion technicians troubleshooting error messages with a “trial-and-error” approach which included access into the “Computer Management” application, indicating complete access in Hursti’s opinion.

As he stated in his declaration, “This means there are no meaningful access separation and privileges and roles controls protecting the county’s primary election servers. This also greatly amplifies the risk of catastrophic human error and malicious program execution.”

During these attempts to resolve the various issues that were occurring in real-time, Hursti noted that it appeared as though Dominion staff shifted from on-site attempts at remediation to off-site troubleshooting:
{{quotebox-float|“The Dominion staff member walked behind the server rack and made manual manipulations which could not be observed from my vantage point. After that they moved with their personal laptops to a table physically farther away from the election system and stopped trying different ways to work around the issue in front of the server, and no longer talked continuously with their remote help over phone.

In the follow-up-calls I overheard them ask people on the other end of the call to check different things, and they only went to a computer and appeared to test something and subsequently take a picture of the computer screen with a mobile phone and apparently send it to a remote location.”

Hursti stated that this “created a strong mental impression that the troubleshooting effort was being done remotely over remote access to key parts of the system.”}}
Hursti also noted that a “new wireless access point with a hidden SSID access point name appeared in the active [[Wi-Fi]] stations list” that he was monitoring.

All of this raised material alarms for Hursti, who noted that
{{quotebox-float|“If in fact remote access was arranged and granted to the server, this has gravely serious implications for the security of the new Dominion system. Remote access, regardless how it is protected and organized is always a security risk, but furthermore it is transfer of control out of the physical perimeters and deny any ability to observe the activities.”<ref>https://themarketswork.com/2020/11/15/pre-election-concerns-over-dominion-voting-systems-highlighted-in-georgia-lawsuit/</ref>}}

===Forensic audit===
An independent forensic audit of Dominion Voting Systems machines used in Michigan concluded:
{{quotebox-float|“The Dominion Voting System is intentionally and purposefully designed with inherent errors to create systemic fraud and influence election results. ...The intentional errors lead to bulk adjudication of ballots with no oversight, transparency, and no audit trail. This leads to voter or election fraud. Based on our study we conclude that the Dominion Voting System should not be used in Michigan....The allowable election error rate established by the [[Federal Election Commission]] guidelines is of 1 in 250,000 ballots (.0008%). We observed an error rate of 68.05%. This demonstrated a significant and fatal error in security and election integrity."<ref>https://www.depernolaw.com/uploads/2/7/0/2/27029178/antrim_michigan_forensics_report_[121320]_v2_[redacted].pdf</ref>}}

===Statistical analysis===
[[File:2020 Dominion Systems.png|right|350px|thumb|]]
Analysis of November 3, 2020 election night data from all states showed that millions of votes were either switched from President Trump to Joe Biden or were lost using Dominion and other systems. Researchers compiled a full list of votes switched from Trump to Biden or votes erased by Dominion, the vote machines used in many states across the US. Data captured by the ''[[New York Times]]'' on election night was used.

An examination of the data was able to locate an instance where votes were switched from Trump to Biden, so analysis on the entire data set ws performed, starting with the states where Dominion voting machines are used. The data is from Edison Research and it is the same data that is used for election coverage by [[ABC News]], [[CBS News]], CNN and [[NBC News]]. It is also used for the website of the ''New Yorh Times'' others as well.

Based on this initial analysis over 500,000 votes were identified that were switched from President Trump to Joe Biden. Some votes wee switched from 3rd party candidates to Biden as well. In addition, another 2,865,757 votes were deleted.

The problem is in voting machines. Federal law requires records of federal elections be kept for 22 months. When a paper ballot is inserted into a tabulator, the tabulator scans the paper ballot and takes a picture. This is called a ballot image, which becomes the official ballot. Many Democrat states and jurisdictions destroy the paper ballot afterword. In one state, [[Massachusetts]], they destroy the ballot image immediately afterward, as well.

In states and jurisdictions with touch screens, the ballot image is the only official record. All these ballot images from tabulators and touch screens are stored on microchip.

Electronic voting systems are used for the convenience of the vote counters, not the voters. Paper ballots are the only (less) foolproof method.

In Michigan, for example, sworn affidavits claim paper ballots were run through tabulators several times;<ref>[[Michigan#Dominion.2FScorecard_fraud|Affidavits of Mellisa Carone]] and [[Michigan#Ineligible_ballots_were_counted_.E2.80.93_some_multiple_times|Patricia Rose]]</ref> and so the paper ballots do not even have a barcode to nullify the ballot once its been counted. Even grocery stores can detect with the barcode whether an item has been paid for or not.

Dr. [[Shiva Ayyadurai]] of [[MIT]], the inventor of [[email]], did another statistical analysis of voting integrity in Michigan during a video livestream presentation.<ref>https://youtu.be/Ztu5Y5obWPk</ref> Dr. Shyiva demonstrated statistically how an [[algorithm]] took about 60,000 votes away from President Trump and gave them to Joe Biden in Oakland County, Michigan during the course of election day. He demonstrated the same pattern in Macomb County.

The slope of linear decline of Trump votes hour-by-hour in Oakland, Macomb, and Kent County, Michigan, was the same in predominantly Republican precincts. The public data reveal algorithm-manipulated tampering to transfer Trump votes from Republicans to Biden.

"The United States voting systems, the inputs and the outputs, are unverifiable," says Dr. Shiva, as many jurisdictions don't verify if a real person legally voted (no voter ID), and if the real votes were indeed tabulated truthfully (ballots or images are not preserved).

In violation of federal law concerning candidates for federal office, Massachusetts destroys ballots and images on election day, Dr. Shiva says. Shiva says he was banned from Twitter for saying this, even though he had it confirmed by the Massachusetts [[secretary of state]].

Dominion voting systems is set up to make it easy to change & delete results. A [[NeverTrump|Resistance member]] with administrator access in a warehouse full of machines can enter whatever result, and delete previous results.<ref>https://twitter.com/PlaysTrumpCard/status/1326508337140207619</ref><ref>[https://www.sos.state.co.us/pubs/elections/VotingSystems/DVS-DemocracySuite511/documentation/UG-RTR-UserGuide-5-11-CO.pdf Democracy Suite® EMS Results Tally & Reporting User Guide], Version: 5.11-CO::7, May 28, 2019</ref>

==Ownership==
On July 16, 2018 Dominion Voting Systems announced that it had been acquired by its management team and Staple Street Capital, a New York-based, private equity firm.<ref>https://archive.is/KNHK1#selection-725.0-756.0</ref><ref>https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/dominion-voting-systems-acquired-by-its-management-team-and-staple-street-capital-300681752.html</ref> Staple Street Equity was founded by former members of the [[George Soros]]-funded Carlyle Group. Executive Director of Carlyle Group, William Kennard, is director of Staple Street Capital.<ref>https://gellerreport.com/2020/11/look-who-owns-dominion-voting-systems-politically-motivated-private-equity-ny-hedge-fund.html/</ref>

Kennard was appointed [[FCC]] chairman during the [[Clinton administration]] and was appointed Ambassador to the [[European Union]] during the Obama era. “Team Obama literally bought the voting machines and software being used to count the votes in this [2020] election,” an independent media member noted.<ref>https://www.worldtribune.com/who-counted-the-votes-who-are-the-stakeholders-in-dominion-voting-systems/</ref>}}

''[[The New York Times]]'' reported that “Georgia records list eight registered lobbyists for Dominion. One of them is Lewis Abit Massey, a former Democrat Georgia secretary of state who once ran for governor.”<ref>http://archive.is/Xww2c</ref>

===Personnel, lobbyists and political donations===
[[Federal Election Commission]] (FEC) records reveal the company is overwhelmingly staffed by [[Democrat]] donors.<ref>https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/individual-contributions/?contributor_employer=dominion+voting</ref> 96% of Dominion Voting political donations went to Democrats. From 2014 to 2020, nine individuals who list “Dominion Voting” or “Dominion Voting Systems” as their employer contributed money to national political campaigns, including the 2020 presidential election. Employees' positions span the entirety of the voting system’s process from set-up to tabulation, including software developers, network engineers, software production specialists, and implementation managers. Virtually all donations went to Democratic candidates through [[ActBlue]].

Dominion has employed a host of [[Democratic Party]]-linked [[lobbyist]]s to assist on issues including “monitor[ing] federal legislation” and “issues related to election security.”<ref>https://www.opensecrets.org/federal-lobbying/clients/lobbyists?cycle=2020&id=D000068717</ref> ''Bloomberg'' reported in April of last year [2019] that Dominion Voting Systems — which commands more than a third of the voting-machine market without having Washington lobbyists — has hired its first, a high-powered firm that includes a longtime aide to [[Speaker Nancy Pelosi]]. They hired Brownstein Farber Hyatt & Schreck. Nadeam Elshami, Pelosi’s former [[chief of staff]], is one of the lobbyists on the account.<ref>https://noqreport.com/2020/11/06/dominion-voting-systems-the-company-at-the-center-of-michigan-and-georgia-voting-glitches/</ref> Dominion also employs Brian McKeon. According to ''[[The Washington Post]]'',
{{quotebox|"…McKeon previously worked as a senior aide to Sen. [[Barbara Boxer]] (D-Calif.) and was a deputy director for voter protection for [[Obama for America]], helping oversee the effort to recruit and organize [[attorney]]s to be poll watchers in the [[United States presidential election, 2012|2012 election]]."<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/powerpost/wp/2016/09/07/shaheen-aide-heads-to-lobby-firm-with-senate-democrats-in-demand-on-k-street/</ref>}}
In 2014, Dominion was listed in the ''Washington Post'' table as having donated between $25,001-$50,000 to the [[Clinton Foundation]].<ref>https://archive.is/4Q24P</ref> Richard Blum, [[California]] Sen. [[Dianne Feinstein]]’s husband, is a significant [[shareholder]] in the company.<ref>https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/sidney-powell-people-with-links-to-powerful-democrats-using-dominion-voting-machines-to-steal-votes</ref>

===Antifa connections===

In 2016 Dominion Voting Systems Vice President of Engineering [[Eric Coomer]] was asked if it was possible to bypass election systems software and go directly to the data tables that manage systems running elections in [[Illinois]]. His response was “Yes, if they have access.”<ref>https://www.thepostemail.com/2016/09/01/critical-flaws-in-election-security-confirmed-by-dominion-voting-executive/</ref>

Bypassing the election systems software means whoever has access can potentially manipulate the vote without many risks of detection. Coomer was asked who would have access to these data tables? Coomer replied "Vendors, election officials, and others who need to be granted access."<ref>http://www.defendthevote.com/114-election-security/508-massive-flaws-election-security-confirmed-by-dominion-voting</ref>
[[File:Coomer2.png|right|200px|thumb|Dominion Voting Systems Vice President of Engineering Eric Coomer is a member of the [[Antifa]] terrorist organization.<ref>https://thespectator.info/2020/11/16/dominions-eric-coomer-is-an-unhinged-sociopath-his-internet-profile-is-being-deleted-and-erased-audio/</ref>]]
And in 2017, Coomer explained how to alter votes in the Dominion Voting Systems in a [[Chicago]] demonstration.<ref>https://rumble.com/vbd3s5-2017-dr.-eric-coomer-explains-how-to-alter-votes-in-the-dominion-voting-sys.html</ref>

In September and October 2020, Coomer personally was in Georgia to make a “critical software change” to all Georgia's 30,000 Dominion voting machines “without adequate testing or certification from the U.S. Election Assistance Commission”.<ref>http://archive.is/3Bcv5</ref><ref>https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2020/11/dominions-trump-hating-executive-eric-coomer-performed-suspicious-update-georgia-week-early-voting-started/</ref>

Citizen journalist Joe Oltmann infiltrated Antifa Zoom chats in Denver in which Coomer participated.<ref>https://creativedestructionmedia.com/investigations/2020/11/15/eric-coomer-dominion-voting-ties-to-german-antifa-is-foreign-interference/</ref> Oltmann said,
{{quotebox-float|"His Facebook account, he had posted the Antifa Manifesto a day after it's was posted by a major Antifa organization. So it's not like he waited and somewhere along the line somebody gave it to him. It was literally that day....I wanted to research everything that was out there, like anything, anything that he touched. And everywhere I ran into him having his fingers in it, like he was the one in [[Arizona]] that was actually pitching the project to the election Commission in Arizona in 2019. October 29th [2020] he was in Georgia as the expert witness in a lawsuit. He was in Georgia selling the product. He was in Georgia for the spokesperson. He was in [[Pennsylvania]] selling the product. He was in Pennsylvania meeting with county clerks. He was in Michigan installing the system. Like this is a guy that's not supposed to be involved in every minute detail of the organization. He is the Director of Strategy and Security. And there he is, everywhere you turn. He's everywhere."<ref>https://youtu.be/IbqNLx1KXDw</ref>}}
[[File:2020-09-26.png|left|300px|thumb|Coomer applied a “critical software change” “without adequate testing or certification from the U.S. Election Assistance Commission” shortly before voting started in Georgia, according to the ''Atlanta Journal-Constitution''.<ref>http://archive.is/fx1UO</ref> Coomer told an Antifa Zoom chat, "Don’t worry
Trump won’t win the election, we fixed that."<ref>https://youtu.be/dh1X4s9HuLo</ref>]]
On a conference call with other members of Antifa, Coomer is reported to have said:
{{quotebox-float|“Don’t worry about the election, Trump’s not gonna win. I made f**king sure of that!”<ref>https://en-volve.com/2020/11/16/anti-trump-engineer-of-dominion-voting-systems-said-i-made-sure-trumps-not-gonna-win-in-secret-call-with-antifa-claims-man-who-infiltrated-group/</ref>}}
Coomer posted on Facebook on July 21, 2016:
{{quotebox-float|"If you are planning to vote for the autocratic, narcissistic, fascists, ass-hat blowhard and his [[Christian]] [[jihad]]ist VP pic, UNFRIEND ME NOW!

No, I’m not joking.

I’m all for reasoned political discourse and healthy debate- I’m looking at you [3 names of friends].

I disagree with you three on many philosophical grounds but respect your opinions.

Only and absolute F**KING IDIOT could ever vote for that wind-bag f**k-tard FASCIST RACIST F**K!

No bulls**t, I don’t give a damn if you’re friend, family, or random acquaintance, pull the lever, mark an oval, touch a screen for that carnival barker—UNFRIEND ME NOW.

I have no desire whatsoever to ever interact with you.

You are beyond hope, beyond reason. you are controlled by fear, reaction, and bulls**t. Get your s**t together.

Oh, if that doesn’t persuade you, F**K YOU! Seriously, this f**king ass-clown stands against everything that makes this country awesome!

You want in on that? You deserve nothing but contempt."}}

===CCP connections===
Andy Huang, who serves as core infrastructure manager of information technology at Dominion Voting Systems, previously worked at China Telecom, wholly run by the Chinese government, and identified by the [[U.S. Department of Defense]] as having collaborated with the [[People's Liberation Army]] for over two decades.<ref>https://www.axios.com/defense-department-chinese-military-linked-companies-856b9315-48d2-4aec-b932-97b8f29a4d40.html</ref>

Similarly, the Department of Justice flagged the firm for
{{quotebox-float|“concerns that China Telecom is vulnerable to exploitation, influence, and control by the Chinese government” and how “the nature of China Telecom’s U.S. operations” provide “opportunities for Chinese state-actors to engage in malicious cyber activity enabling economic espionage and disruption and misrouting of U.S. communications.”<ref>https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/executive-branch-agencies-recommend-fcc-revoke-and-terminate-china-telecom-s-authorizations</ref>}}
Huang, who fulfills the critical technology role at Dominion, worked at the Chinese firm from 1998 to 2002. Tasks which Huang assisted with include the “Xiamen IDC Project,”, the “Xiamen Metropolitan-are broadband network,”, and the “OA Intranet infrastructure reformation project.”. While the specific nature of his work on these projects is not entirely clear, Cisco, a company he worked with extensively, is responsible for upholding China’s draconian internet firewall. Huang’s LinkedIn profile displays his employer as one of his “interests.”<ref>https://thenationalpulse.com/news/dominion-techie-worked-for-ccp-military-proxy-flagged-by-u-s-govt-for-malicious-cyber-activity/</ref>

==Serbian Technology with Chinese Characteristics==
[[File:Why did BIS add Huawei to the Entity List.PNG|right|350px|thumb|]]
Roaming Networks, a relatively unknown corporation based in [[Serbia]] run by oligarch Nenad Kovac,<ref>https://archive.is/nb22R</ref> was selected as the enterprise partner of [[Huawei]] (CCP) to install their technology into [[Eastern Europe]]. Roaming Networks:

1) Installed Huawei radio communications equipment in Serbia for multiple telecom corporations;

2) Worked with T-Mobile in Austria to install Huawei equipment for 3600 cell towers; and

3) Built a large CCTV system in Belgrade for a “safe city project” using turnkey Huawei FTTx network equipment.

Denmark’s TDC Telecom also received a Huawei injection. Roaming enabled CCP-owned Huawei to run the Serbian nationwide transport network, including railways, electric power, and wind. Roaming built their own HQ data center using Huawei tech, and was rewarded with the design, implementation, and 24x7 maintenance of the [[Bank of China]]. Even the National Assembly of Serbia is now wired with Huawei. In 2017, they lost their license to operate in [[Denmark]].<ref>https://archive.is/7NEVm</ref>

Dominion Voting Systems Corporation is located at OSMANA DJIKICA 18, 11060, Beograd Serbia.<ref>https://archive.is/hbB1B</ref> It is registered as a Computer Systems Design company. One of the software engineers is Ivan Yukovic, designing Election Management Systems (EMS) used in U.S. elections. Srjdan Nogo, a former Serbian Member of Parliament, identified connections between Serbian government, tech companies, George Soros, and the former VP Joe Biden.<ref>https://archive.is/yhrj8</ref> He confirmed Dominion used the Serbian company as their software design team. As he began writing about the US election and his discoveries about where the Dominion software was actually designed and maintained, Bojan Djordjevic, listed as the legal representative of the Serbian company, began responding to him and trying to explain.

On May 16, 2019, the United States BIS added Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. and many of its non-U.S. affiliates to the Entity List. The addition of Huawei and its affiliates to the Entity List imposed a license requirement on the listed entities supplemental to those found elsewhere in the Export Administration Regulations (EAR).<ref>https://www.bis.doc.gov/index.php/documents/pdfs/2447-huawei-entity-listing-faqs/file</ref>

Dominion Voting Systems uses Roaming Networks, the Serbian Huawei partner: implementation of an all-flash Pure storage solution in its primary data center.<ref>https://www.roamingnetworks.com/?page_id=107&lang=en</ref> And Dominion hardware is made in China.<ref>https://tsarizm.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Serbia-China-Dominion-8.12.21.pdf</ref>

==Complaints==
[[File:Klobuchar and Warren.jpeg|right|200px|thumb|Sens. Elizabeth Warren and Amy Klobuchar, who were defeated in the [[2020 Democrat primaries]], warned of Dominion vote switching and election fraud.]]
Sens. [[Elizabeth Warren]] (Mass.), [[Ron Wyden]] (Ore.), and [[Amy Klobuchar]] (Minn.), along with Rep. [[Mark Pocan]] (Wisc.), wrote a joint letter to Dominion in December 2019 warning that use of the company’s voting machines resulted in “switching votes” and other “undisclosed vulnerabilities” that “threaten the integrity of our elections.”<ref>https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/democratic-senators-warned-of-potential-vote-switching-by-dominion-voting-machines-prior-to-2020-election</ref>

{{quotebox-float|In 2018 alone "voters in [[South Carolina]] [were] reporting machines that switched their votes after they'd inputted them, scanners [were] rejecting paper ballots in Missouri, and busted machines [were] causing long lines in [[Indiana]]." In addition, researchers recently uncovered previously undisclosed vulnerabilities in "nearly three dozen backend election systems in 10 states." And, just this year, after the Democratic candidate's electronic tally showed he received an improbable 164 votes out of 55,000 cast in a Pennsylvania state judicial election in 2019, the county's Republican Chairwoman said, "[n]othing went right on Election Day. Everything went wrong. That's a problem." These problems threaten the integrity of our elections and demonstrate the importance of election systems that are strong, durable, and not vulnerable to attack.<ref>https://www.warren.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/H.I.G.%20McCarthy,%20&%20Staple%20Street%20letters.pdf</ref>}}
''Bloomberg'' quoted Democrat Sen. Ron Wyden saying,
{{quotebox-float|“The maintenance of Americans’ constitutional rights should not depend on the good graces and sketchy [[ethics]] of a handful of well-connected [[corporation]]s like ES&S who have stonewalled Congress, lied to Congress, have questionable judgment when it comes to security, and have repeatedly gouged [[taxpayer]]s.”<ref>https://about.bgov.com/news/voting-machine-firms-add-lobbyists-amid-election-hacker-concerns/</ref>}}
===Canada===
In 2018 a supposed internet connection “glitch” shut down Dominion systems in [[Ontario]] for 90 minutes during voting. ''Toronto City News'' reported:
{{quotebox-float|"Many voters in Ontario will continue to cast ballots Tuesday after technical difficulties forced at least a dozen municipalities to extend voting in local elections.

Dominion Voting Systems, a company that provides tabulation systems in Canada and the U.S., said in a statement that 51 municipalities were impacted by a glitch that stalled online voting for at least 90 minutes.

While many impacted communities kept polls open for one or two extra hours, several opted to declare emergencies under the Municipal Elections Act and extend voting for a full day.

Some of those municipalities include Pembroke, Waterloo, Prince Edward County, Greater Sudbury, and several communities in the Muskoka region.

The rest of Ontario’s 417 municipal races went off without technical trouble, but there was no lack of drama.

Dominion attributed Monday’s election-night delays to “slow traffic” it blamed on an unnamed Toronto “internet co-location provider” for placing a limit on incoming voting traffic. Dominion said the issue was eventually resolved, but many voters still complained of problems."<ref>https://toronto.citynews.ca/2018/10/22/online-voting-systems-delaying-election-results-across-ontario/</ref>}}

==Whistleblower allegations==
Melissa Carone was a contractor for Dominion Voting Systems to do IT work at the TCF Center in [[Detroit]]. Carone gave an interview to Redpill78 on Twitch.<ref>https://www.twitch.tv/videos/798796260?t=0h15m8s</ref> Carone states in a sworn affidavit that she “witnessed nothing but [[fraud]]ulent actions take place”. Carone testified,<ref>https://www.greatlakesjc.org/wp-content/uploads/Supplemental-Brief-Motion-for-TRO-Costantino.pdf</ref>
{{quotebox-float|1. My name is Melissa A. Carone, I was contracted by Dominion Voting Services to do IT work at the TCF Center for the November 3, 2020 election, and I am a resident of Wayne County.

2. I arrived at the TCF Center at approximately 6:15 AM November 3, 2020 and worked until 4:00 AM November 4, 2020. I went home to get some sleep, then arrived back at the TCF Center at 10:00 AM in which I stayed until 1:45 PM. During this time I witnessed nothing but fraudulent
actions take place.

3. The counters (which were trained very little or not at all), were handed a "batch" (stack of 50) of mail-in ballots in which they would run through the tabulator. The tabulators would get jammed 4-5 times an hour, when they jammed the computer would put out an error that tells the worker the ballot number that was jammed and gives an option to either discard the batch or continue scanning at which the counter should discard the batch, put the issue ballot on top of the batch and rescan the entire batch. I witnessed countless workers rescanning the batches without discarding them first which resulted in ballots being counted 4-5 times.

4. At approximately midnight I was called over to assist one of the counters with a paper jam and noticed his PC had a number of over 400 ballots scanned- which means one batch was counted over 8 times. This happened countless times while I was at the TCF Center. I confronted my manager, Nick Ikonornakis saying how big of a problem this was, Nick told me he didn't want to hear that we have a big problem. He told me we are here to do assist with IT work, not to run their election.

5. The adjudication process, from my understanding there's supposed to be a republican and a democrat judging these ballots. I overheard numerous workers talking during shift change in which over 20 machines had two democrats judging the ballots-resulting in an unfair process.

6. Next, I want to describe what went on during shift change, it was a chaotic disaster. It took over two hours for workers to arrive at their "assigned areas", over 30 workers were taken upstairs and told they didn't have a job for them to do. These people were chosen to be counters, in which 6 workers admitted to me that they received absolutely no training at all.

7. The night shift workers were free to come and go as they pleased, they could go out and smoke from the counting room. This is illegal, as there were boxes and stacks of ballots everywhere, anyone could have taken some out or brought some in, and No one was watching them.

8. There was two vans that pulled into the garage of the counting room, one on day shift and one on night shift. These vans were apparently bringing food into the building because they only had enough food for not even 1/3 of the workers. I never saw any food coming out of these vans, coincidentally it was announced on the news that Michigan had discovered over 100,000 more ballots- not even two hours after the last van left.

9. When a worker had a ballot that they either could not read, or it had something spilled on it, they would go to a table that had blank ballots on it and fill it out. They were supposed to be filling them out exactly like the one they had received but this was not the case at all. The workers would also sign the name of the person that the ballot belonged to-which is clearly illegal.

10. Samuel Challandes and one more young man in his mid-20 were responsible for submitting the numbers into the main computer. They had absolutely no overhead, my manager Nick would assist them with any questions but Nick was on the floor assisting with IT most of the time.

11 . There was a time I overheard Samuel talking to Nick about losing tons of data, they all got on their phones and stepped to the side of the stage. I asked Nick what was going one and he told me it was all taken care of and not to worry about it. I fully believe that this was something very crucial that they just covered up.

12. I was the only republican working for Dominion Voting, and on the stage there was many terrible comments being made by the city workers and Dominion workers about republicans. I did not give out any indication that I was a republican, I have a family at home and knew I was going to have to walk to my car at the end of my shift. If anyone had an American flag on their shirt or mask, they were automatically deemed to be Trump supporters.

13. I called the [[FBI]] and made a report with them, I was told that I will be getting a call back.<ref>https://youtu.be/uOwbJqPlXHI</ref>}}

Carone’s affidavit was included in the lawsuit filed by the Trump campaign that sought to stop the certification of Wayne County’s election results. Wayne County circuit judge Timothy M. Kenny denied the request. Judge Kenny described Carone’s allegations as ‘simply not credible’.<ref>https://factcheck.thedispatch.com/p/melissa-carone-michigan-dominion-debunked?s=r</ref>

==See also==
*[[Biden Putsch]]
*[[Biden Junta]]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External link==
*[https://www.dominionvoting.com/legal-updates-learn-how-we-are-defending-dominion/ Dominion Voting Systems Legal Updates]
*[https://www.forbes.com/sites/alisondurkee/2022/01/18/after-lawsuit-against-mypillow-ceo-mike-lindell-heres-who-dominion-and-smartmatic-have-sued-so-far-and-who-could-be-next/?sh=2350f0b612f6 Dominion Files Lawsuits Against Lindell and Others] ｜ Forbes – Jan 18, 2022
*[https://archive.is/hqNn2 Miles Guo : The Software for The U.S. President Election Was Supplied by The CCP] ｜ Daily Express – Nov. 12, 2020
*[https://youtu.be/746HTjhFifA Chanel Rion on “Dominion-izing the Vote”]
*[https://youtu.be/0eNr2qoHKdQ Attention Dominion and ES&S; Sue me please. I volunteer to be sued!], Edward Solomon, January 26, 2021. Youtube
*[https://rumble.com/vkygqa-must-see-damning-video-explaining-how-why-and-who-stole-election.html?mref=6zof&mrefc=2 Damning Video Explaining How, Why And Who Stole Election]
*[https://tsarizm.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Serbia-China-Dominion-8.12.21.pdf Dominion: Serbian Technology With Chinese Characteristics]
{{globalism}}
{{communism}}
{{Election Fraud}}
[[Category:China]][[Category:Canada]][[Category:Globalism]][[Category:United States Presidential Election, 2020]][[Category:Biden Putsch]][[Category:United States Political Scandals]][[Category:Election Fraud]][[Category:Establishment]]

Counterexamples to an Old Earth

2026-10-13T02:42:27Z

RoadtoEmmaus: Remove duplicate period after closing quotation mark

[[File:Moon2.jpg|thumbnail|200px|right|"Tidal friction causes the moon to recede from the earth at 4 cm per year. It would have been greater in the past when the moon and earth were closer together. The moon and earth would have been in catastrophic proximity ([[Roche limit]]) at less than a quarter of their supposed age."<ref name="Age of the earth">[https://creation.com/age-of-the-earth Age of the earth]</ref> see: [https://creation.com/the-moon-the-light-that-rules-the-night Recession of the moon from the earth] ]]
It takes only one counterexample to disprove the [[Old Earth]] theory. Most of the "evidence" for an Old Earth is based on claims that lack [[falsifiability]], such as [[radiometric dating]], which fails requirements for admissibility in a court of law. If each of the following '''''70 counterexamples''''' to an Old Earth has merely a 10% chance of being valid, then the probability that the Earth is billions of years old is less than one-tenth of 1%. In other words, '''''it is 99.9% likely that the Earth is young'''''.<ref>This same type of analysis could be applied to the [[Young Earth]] theory, but no valid counterexamples have been found in centuries of atheist attempts. There are over 100 proofs of a young [[earth]] and [[universe]] (See [https://creation.com/age-of-the-earth ''Age of the earth: 101 evidences for a young age of the earth and the universe'']).</ref>

Much additional scientific evidence points to a [[Young earth creationism|young]] [[Age of the Earth|age of the earth]] and the universe, and [[Creation Ministries International]] published articles entitled ''[https://creation.com/age-of-the-earth 101 evidences for a young age of the earth and the universe]'' and [https://creation.com/how-old-is-the-earth How old is the earth?], which summarize evidence for a young age of the earth. Further arguments can be found in the article [[arguments for a recent creation]].

The motivation for [[atheist]]s to insist on falsely asserting an old Earth is to pull students away from [[God]]'s immediate presence and to turn them away from [[Jesus Christ]]. Atheists are also motivated, and biased, by the fact that their [[evolutionism|evolutionist]] theories require the world to (implausibly) be billions of years old.

== Counterexamples ==
The growing list of counterexamples to the theory of an [[Old Earth]] includes:

=== Paleontology ===
# Recent discoveries of surviving soft dinosaur tissue upset the Darwinist claim that they became extinct 65 million years ago.<ref>Armitage, M.H. and K.L. Anderson. 2013. Soft sheets of fibrillar bone from a fossil of the supraorbital horn of the dinosaur Triceratops horridus. Acta Histochemica 115:603-608.</ref><ref>Armitage, M.H. and K.L. Anderson. 2014. Light and electron microscope study of soft bone osteocytes from a Triceratops horridus supraorbital horn. Microscopy & Microanalysis (Hartford, CT).</ref> View Armitage's presentation of his results at the Southern California Academy of Sciences meetings in 2013 and 2014.<ref>Mark H Armitage - Report Of Soft Tissues In A Triceratops Horn (conglomeration of talks presented at the Southern California Academy of Sciences meetings in 2013 and 2014).[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MqDV_MTQSxg]</ref> Several other peer-reviewed papers found similar results.<ref>[http://kgov.com/dinosaur-soft-tissue-original-biological-material Documented by Bob Enyart of Real Science Radio]</ref> David Coppedge provided additional recent information on this unanswered challenge to Darwinism.<ref>David Coppedge - Incontrovertible Dinosaur DNA Reported, September 28, 2021, Creation Evolution Headlines [https://crev.info/2021/09/dinosaur-dna/]</ref>
# Fossils have been found, such as footprints, showing that dinosaurs and mammals lived together at the same time.<ref>Borg, Julie (February 9, 2018). [http://www.bpnews.net/50342/dinosaur-party-or-evidence-of-the-flood Dinosaur party or evidence of the flood?] ''Baptist Press''. Retrieved February 22, 2018.</ref>
# Watch Kevin Anderson's presentation on dinosaur soft tissue.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_pM_xHEIjW8 Dr. Kevin Anderson: Echos of the Jurassic]</ref>

=== History ===
[[File:Sphinx pyramid.jpg|thumb|200px|Although frequently cited by Old Earth supporters against a young Earth, [[New Chronology|revised and well-supported Egyptian chronology]] actually provides strong evidence in favor of a young Earth.]]
# The oldest direct evidence of life—written documents, clothing, remnants of civilizations, tree rings, etc.—is no older than about 3,000 B.C.<ref>"The sword did in fact look very similar to those found in the Royal Palace of Arslantepe (Eastern Anatolia), dating back to five thousand years ago and considered to be the oldest swords in the world." [https://www.unive.it/pag/16584/?tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=8707&cHash=8aefaf0abbc21b8f74850ae791b09ad7]</ref> and certainly younger than 4,000 B.C., the approximate date of origin of the Earth, based on a straightforward reading of the [[Bible]]. While adherents to a belief in an old Earth assert artifacts exist further back than 4,000 B.C., those people come to their conclusions due to their presuppositions (i.e. the lens through which they see the world) that evolution is true, that the Earth is old, and that humans were originally dumb and became more intelligent as time went on.<ref>Mortenson, Terry (July 7, 2015). [https://answersingenesis.org/archaeology/trillions-of-artifacts/ Trillions of “Artifacts”—Who’s Really Got the Problem?]. ''Answers in Genesis''. Retrieved April 13, 2017.</ref><ref>Climer, Phillip (May 23, 2012). [https://answersingenesis.org/archaeology/archaeology-and-the-bible/ Archaeology and the Bible]. ''Answers in Genesis''. Retrieved April 13, 2017.</ref>
# Over 270 cultures have flood legends that distinctly resemble the biblical flood account.<ref>[https://answersingenesis.org/the-flood/flood-legends/legends-of-the-flood/ Legends of the Flood]. ''Answers in Genesis''. January 30, 2014. Retrieved August 18, 2016.</ref><ref>White, Monty (March 29, 2007). [https://answersingenesis.org/the-flood/flood-legends/flood-legends/ Flood Legends]. ''Answers in Genesis''. Retrieved August 18, 2016.</ref> While critics like to say the biblical flood account is descended from other stories, in reality, it is the other way around, as the biblical flood account is far superior to any flood legend in multiple ways.<ref>Lacey, Troy & Anderson jr, Lee (October 1, 2013). [https://answersingenesis.org/the-flood/flood-legends/the-genesis-flood-not-just-another-legend/ The Genesis Flood—Not Just Another Legend]. ''Answers in Genesis''. Retrieved August 18, 2016.</ref> Creation legends also exist, but once again, the biblical account is superior.<ref name="AncientMyths">Ham, Steve (March 29, 2011). [https://answersingenesis.org/creationism/creation-myths/is-genesis-111-a-derivation-from-ancient-myths/ Is Genesis 1–11 a Derivation from Ancient Myths?]. ''Answers in Genesis''. Retrieved August 18, 2016.</ref>
# Noah, his sons, and his further descendants mentioned in the Bible are found and named in numerous cultures and there is much extra-biblical evidence for their existence, showing that they were real people who made a real impact.<ref name="Dispersion">Hodge, Bodie (August 19, 2010). [https://answersingenesis.org/tower-of-babel/was-the-dispersion-at-babel-a-real-event/ Chapter 28 - Was the Dispersion at Babel a Real Event?]. ''Answers in Genesis''. Retrieved August 18, 2016.</ref> There are royal genealogies in Europe that trace their family lines back to Noah.<ref name="Dispersion"/>
# Ancient cultures all over the world built [[ziggurat]]-like structures, such as the [[Egyptian]]s, [[Babylonia]]ns, and [[Mesoamerica]]ns. This is strong evidence that they originated from one area and that the [[Tower of Babel]] was a real, ziggurat-shaped tower.<ref name="Dispersion"/>
# In history, the closer one gets to Babel, geographically speaking, the earlier the civilizations in that area first developed, giving strong evidence that all civilizations were originally from Babel and were dispersed from that location all over the Earth.<ref name="Dispersion"/><ref name="SecretsLandis">Landis, Don (2015). [https://answersingenesis.org/store/product/secrets-ancient-man/?sku=10-2-463 ''Secrets of Ancient Man'']. Green Forest, Arkansas: Master Books. ISBN: 9780890518663.</ref> Even secular historians accept this<ref>http://www.ancient.eu/image/1068/</ref> and call Sumer the "cradle of civilization".<ref>Mark, Joshua J. (April 28, 2011). [http://www.ancient.eu/sumer/ Sumer]. ''Ancient History Encyclopedia''. Retrieved September 5, 2016.</ref><ref>Mark, Joshua J. (September 2, 2009). [http://www.ancient.eu/Mesopotamia/ Mesopotamia]. "'Ancient History Encyclopedia''. Retrieved September 5, 2016.</ref>
# The Sumerian King List is remarkably similar to the biblical genealogy in Genesis 5. There is a very close correlation between the two lists (if one excludes Adam and Noah in the Bible), the flood is mentioned, and the kings all have long life spans, providing strong evidence that the Sumerians recognized the history recorded in the Bible as fact.<ref name="AncientMyths"/>
# While many evolutionists point to [[Egyptian chronology|Egyptian history]] (which, according to them, dates back long before the biblical creation and flood dates) as proof against a young Earth, a growing number of academics are recognizing that many of the traditional sources for Egyptian history are both inaccurate and misinterpreted, and [[New Chronology|revised dates for Egyptian history]] align remarkably well with biblical history.<ref>McClellan, Matt (August 24, 2011). [https://answersingenesis.org/archaeology/ancient-egypt/ancient-egyptian-chronology-and-the-book-of-genesis/ Ancient Egyptian Chronology and the Book of Genesis]. ''Answers Research Journal''. Retrieved August 18, 2016.</ref><ref>Mitchell, Elizabeth (July 22, 2010). [https://answersingenesis.org/archaeology/ancient-egypt/doesnt-egyptian-chronology-prove-bible-unreliable/ Chapter 24 - Doesn’t Egyptian Chronology Prove That the Bible Is Unreliable?]. ''Answers in Genesis''. Retrieved August 18, 2016.</ref><ref>Mitchell, Elizabeth (April 1, 2008). [https://answersingenesis.org/archaeology/ancient-egypt/dating-the-pyramids/ Dating the Pyramids]. ''Answers in Genesis''. Retrieved August 18, 2016.</ref> Additionally, radiocarbon dating has given additional evidence that the Egyptian civilization began more recently than originally thought.<ref>Mitchell, Elizabeth (September 19, 2013). [https://answersingenesis.org/archaeology/ancient-egypt/radiocarbon-dating-shortens-the-timeline-for-ancient-egypt/ Radiocarbon Dating Shortens the Timeline for Ancient Egypt]. ''Answers in Genesis''. Retrieved August 18, 2016.</ref>
# Because of their worldview, evolutionists believe that ancient man was not as intelligent as today and did not possess superior technology. However, many archaeological findings in numerous ancient civilizations have proven otherwise—that ancient man was very intelligent, possibly even more so than modern-day society, as well as more technologically advanced in some ways.<ref name="SecretsLandis"/><ref>Landis, Don (2012). [https://answersingenesis.org/store/product/genius-ancient-man/?sku=10-2-423& ''The Genius of Ancient Man'']. Green Forest, Arkansas: Master Books. ISBN: 9780890516775.</ref><ref>Ham, Ken (December 31, 2012). [https://answersingenesis.org/archaeology/ancient-technology/geniuses-not-brutes/ Geniuses, Not Brutes!]. ''Answers in Genesis''. Retrieved August 18, 2016.</ref>
# Many different cultures throughout history have legends and realistic accounts from historians of dragons. There is very strong evidence that [[dinosaur]]s were alive and a very real part of ancient cultures (and even some more recent ones), affirming a young Earth and the biblical account of origins.<ref>Hodge, Bodie (October 1, 2011). [https://answersingenesis.org/dinosaurs/dragon-legends/dragon-legends-truths-behind-the-tales/ Dragon Legends—Truths Behind the Tales]. ''Answers in Genesis''. Retrieved August 18, 2016.</ref><ref>[https://answersingenesis.org/dinosaurs/dragon-legends/dragons-fact-or-fable/ Dragons: Fact or Fable?]. ''Answers in Genesis''. Retrieved August 18, 2016.</ref> In fact, there have been some reports of dinosaurs living in the remote jungles of [[Africa]] today.<ref>Ham, Ken (October 25, 2007). [https://answersingenesis.org/dinosaurs/when-did-dinosaurs-live/what-really-happened-to-the-dinosaurs/ Chapter 12 - What Really Happened to the Dinosaurs?]. ''Answers in Genesis''. Retrieved August 18, 2016.</ref>
# There is a striking similarity in the way diverse, worldwide cultures see [[constellations]]. In very diverse cultures, the constellations that the people see are the same, and the meanings of many are the same, including the Big and Little Dippers, showing that people had to have developed them together, rather than in opposite directions of the globe.<ref name="Nelson">Nelson, Brooke C. (October 5, 2016). [https://answersingenesis.org/astronomy/stars/do-big-and-little-dipper-support-bible-timeline/ Do the Big and Little Dipper Support the Bible’s Timeline?]. ''Answers in Genesis''. Retrieved October 16, 2016.</ref><ref name="Henry">Henry, Jonathan F. (December 2008). [https://creation.com/constellations-a-legacy-of-babel Constellations: legacy of the dispersion from Babel]. ''Creation.com'' (taken from ''Journal of Creation 22(3):93–100''). Retrieved October 16, 2016.</ref> Academics (including secular ones) have been able to trace back, through the [[Precession of the equinoxes|precession]] of the Earth, when the constellations were developed by man, and the dates found have been, roughly speaking, between 2800 BC and 2100 BC, right in line with the date of the dispersion at Babel.<ref name="Nelson"/><ref name="Henry"/> Additionally, it has also been found that the latitude of where the developers of the constellations lived was, roughly speaking, between 30 and 42 degrees latitude, again in line with the locations of Ararat and Babel.<ref name="Nelson"/><ref name="Henry"/>
# It has been well-documented that people in the past vastly exceeded modern humans physically and mentally.<ref>Pierce, Larry (April 5, 2017). [https://answersingenesis.org/bible-history/what-were-early-post-flood-people-like/ What Were Early Post-Flood People Like?]. ''Answers in Genesis''. Retrieved April 5, 2017.</ref>

=== Astronomy ===
# The [[moon|Moon's]] orbit is a very strong counterexample: the moon is receding from the [[Earth]] at a rate<ref>"Measurements show that the Moon is receding from Earth at a rate of about 3.8 centimeters per year." [http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEhelp/ApolloLaser.html Measuring the Moon's Distance] ''Apollo Laser Ranging Experiments Yield Results'' by Fred Espenak, GSFC Planetary Systems Laboratory (LPI Bulletin, No. 72, August 1994).</ref> that means it cannot be more than 1.37 billion years old, much less than the often claimed 4.5 billion years.<ref>[https://creation.com/the-moon-the-light-that-rules-the-night Recession of the moon from the earth]</ref> In fact, this assumes the moon would start off touching the Earth and so within the [[Roche limit]], which would not be possible without causing instability in its orbit, tidal catastrophes on Earth, and other problems that would have prevented the Earth and the Moon being as they are today. Additionally, the [[moon]]'s orbit is becoming increasingly and unexpectedly eccentric, suggesting a lack of long-term stability,<ref>https://arxiv.org/abs/1102.0212</ref> which further disproves the theory of an [[Old Earth]].
# [[Spiral galaxies]] appear to be young, and only implausible proposals of the existence of [[dark matter]] can reconcile the spirals with a belief in an old universe.
# The expansion of the universe is accelerating, something that would not occur if the [[Big Bang]] had happened billions of years ago; the acceleration suggests that the Big Bang (or creation) was recent.<ref>Some insist there is hokey, unseen "[[dark energy]]" and "[[dark matter]]" to try to explain the acceleration.</ref>
# The planetary orbits in the Solar System - including Earth's - are unstable and unsustainable over the long periods claimed by Old Earth believers.<ref>[http://www.newsweek.com/id/201582 Newsweek: "An embarrassing little secret of astronomy ...."]. (Newsweek has inexplicably taken down its article, but it is quoted by Google and other links)</ref><ref>[http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v459/n7248/full/nature08096.html Existence of collisional trajectories of Mercury, Mars, and Venus with the Earth] by J. Laskar & M. Gastineau, ''Nature'' 459, 817-819 (11 June 2009). Believers in an Old Earth speculate that the instability would not result in problems in a billion years, but other computer simulations could be developed to demonstrate multi-body instability for the solar system far more recent than that.</ref>
# At least one [[spiral galaxy]] spins in the direction opposite to the spin of its tail, suggesting an age that is too young to have generated the tail, and contradicting the theory that the tails of spiral galaxies were formed over a long period of time.<ref>[http://www.unisci.com/stories/20021/0207023.htm "Hubble Shows Galaxy Rotating In The Wrong Direction"]</ref>
# The oldest star in the universe is only 6000 light years away from Earth, precisely as predicted by the [[Bible]] and a Young Earth model.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20210514201334/http://astrobio.net/also-in-news/the-oldest-star-in-the-known-universe/</ref>
# The surface of [[Pluto]] was found during the [[New Horizons mission]] to have far fewer craters than expected, and it was found to have a nitrogen atmosphere that is leaking away at too fast a rate for it to be millions or billions of years old.<ref>[https://answersingenesis.org/astronomy/solar-system/plutos-young-surface/ Pluto’s Young Surface]. ''Answers in Genesis'' (from ''Answers Magazine''). October 1, 2015. Retrieved November 4, 2016.</ref> Both of these provide strong evidence for a young universe.
# The planet Venus has a young surface.<ref>https://www.conservapedia.com/Venus#Young_Surface</ref>

=== Biology and genetics ===

# Blue-eyed people are known to be only 6,000 to 10,000 years old. Moreover, the number of blue-eyed people is steadily diminishing, further suggesting that humans have not been in existence long.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/18/world/americas/18iht-web.1018eyes.3199975.html</ref>
# "[https://creation.com/bugs-in-brine DNA in “ancient” fossils]. DNA extracted from bacteria that are supposed to be 425 million years old calls into question the age calculation, because DNA could not last more than thousands of years."<ref name="Age of the earth"/>
# The intelligence of humans is rapidly declining, whether measured by SAT scores,<ref>''See, e.g.'', David G. Savage, "The Long Decline in SAT Scores," Educational Leadership 290 (Jan. 1978). [http://www.ascd.org/ASCD/pdf/journals/ed_lead/el_197801_savage.pdf]</ref> music, personal letters,<ref>E.g., Civil War letters.</ref> quality of political debates,<ref>E.g., contrast the Lincoln-Douglas debates with debates today.</ref> the quality of news articles,<ref>''The Federalist'' was written for the newspaper audience in the late 1780s, but is far too intellectual for newspapers today.</ref> and many other measures. This means that if one goes back far enough, intelligence would measure at ridiculous heights, if humans were even tens of thousands of years old.
# The age of onset of [[puberty|sexual maturity]] is rapidly changing, suggesting that life is in a short-term rather than long-term equilibrium.<ref>https://www.mpg.de/4397713/sexual_maturity_in_boys</ref><ref>For evidence of a rapidly-changing age for sexual maturity in fish, see http://icesjms.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/46/3/235</ref> [[Image:Jellyfish.jpg|right|thumb|"[https://creation.com/fossils-questions-and-answers Living fossils] — [[jellyfish]], graptolites, coelacanth, stromatolites, Wollemi pine, and hundreds more. That many hundreds of species could remain so unchanged, for even up to billions of years in the case of stromatolites, speaks against the possibility that these species are millions and billions of years old."<ref name="Age of the earth"/>]]
# The high observed rate of [[extinctions of species]]<ref>[https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-10-26/animals-face-extinction-threat-as-conservation-efforts-slow-report-says.html One in five species are at risk of extinction]</ref> and harmful [[genetic mutation]]s suggest a relatively short period for the existence of life rather than a long one.
# "[https://creation.com/fossils-questions-and-answers Living fossils] — [[jellyfish]], graptolites, coelacanth, stromatolites, Wollemi pine and hundreds more. That many hundreds of species could remain so unchanged, for even up to billions of years in the case of stromatolites, speaks against the millions and billions of years being real."<ref name="Age of the earth"/>
# The age of onset balding or of graying of hair is rapidly decreasing, with many teenagers now experiencing baldness or premature graying ([[CNN]]'s [[Anderson Cooper]] began graying as a teenager and was fully gray long before age 40);<ref name="Graying">http://articles.sfgate.com/2006-06-18/living/17299704_1_hair-taylor-hicks-american-idol</ref> many celebrities (such as [[American Idol]] winner Taylor Hicks graying in his 20s)<ref name="Graying"/> and athletes (such as Cal Ripken, Jr. graying and balding in his mid-30s)<ref>"There's a man, close-cropped gray hair, looks older than 35": Sports Illustrated's description of Cal Ripken at 35. [http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1163438/index.htm#ixzz12ONbgydd] By age 50 he was bald too.</ref> increasingly experience premature graying or balding. "Popular" leftist YouTuber Ethan Klein of h3h3 Productions has had graying hair since his late 20s.
# The age of onset of [[cancer]] is markedly decreasing,<ref>http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/109865519/abstract?CRETRY=1&SRETRY=0</ref> suggesting rapid changes inconsistent with an alleged long existence of life. "Someone born in 1990 would have twice the risk of colon cancer and four times the risk of rectal cancer than at the same age had they been born in 1950, according to researchers at the American Cancer Society and the National Cancer Institute."<ref>http://www.click2houston.com/health/born-in-the-90s-your-colon-cancer-risk-could-be-rising_</ref>
# The number of natural, pure-bred dogs declines over time as dogs naturally crossbreed; a short period of time is suggested by the fact that there are over 100 different natural, pure breeds of dog thriving today.# Lack of genetic diversity among the ''Homo sapiens'' species. Were evolution and the old earth theory true, the human population would show much larger genetic variance.<ref>http://www.godandscience.org/evolution/descent.html#rpafAHIwKHS7</ref> Some scientists have calculated that a troop of 55 chimpanzees contains more genetic diversity than the entire human race;<ref>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Talk:Counterexamples_to_an_Old_Earth&curid=100935&diff=1874144&oldid=1874143#:~:text=%2B-,https%3A//www.ox.ac.uk/news/2012%2D03%2D02%2Dchimps%2Dshow%2Dmuch%2Dgreater%2Dgenetic%2Ddiversity%2Dhumans,-%2B</ref> This demonstrates that chimpanzees descended from a large initial population while humans have descended from a much smaller one, which indeed we know to have been two people.
# [[Neanderthals]] were once exclusively classified as a completely separate species from [[Homo sapiens]], but as more fossil evidence is found, scientists have since reclassified Homo neanderthalensis as Homo sapiens neanderthalensis, a subspecies of modern humans, due to an ever-shrinking span in the evolutionary belief of species' divergence.<ref>{{cite book |title=Neanderthal man: in search of lost genomes |author-last=Pääbo |author-first=S. |publisher=Basic Books |year=2014 |location=New York |page=237 |author-link=Svante Pääbo |title-link=Neanderthal Man: In Search of Lost Genomes}}</ref>
# Frequent occurrences of numerous deaths of birds and fish which, if extrapolated over millions of years, would result in little or no such life today.<ref>http://abclocal.go.com/wabc/story?section=news/technology&id=7884786</ref>
# The separation between salt and freshwater fish, coupled with their inability to survive in the opposing environment, shows a lack of millions of years of evolution to enable them to spread to the opposing environment.
# Furthermore, the separation of land and aquatic life and a similar inability for the organisms to survive in the other environment shows a lack of millions of years of evolution to enable them to spread to the opposing environment.
# Biodiversity on Earth is declining too rapidly to be consistent with a long-term (Old Earth) equilibrium, with the Living Planet Index (LPI) showing "a global decline of 27% between 1970 and 2005. The terrestrial index declined by 25%, freshwater by 29% (this index is calculated to 2003 due to the lack of data available for later years), and marine by 28%."<ref>http://www.zsl.org/science/research-projects/lpi,1162,AR.html</ref>
# The [[Bible]] makes references to the [[dinosaurs]]. There is no explanation for this if dinosaurs supposedly lived hundreds of millions of years ago.<ref>http://www.christiancourier.com/articles/93-dinosaurs-and-the-bible</ref>
# Even evolutionist studies have shown (despite the dating errors) that the vast majority of species on Earth arose around the same time and that genetic boundaries exist between the various animal kinds.<ref>Multiple references:
*Hood, Marlowe (May 28, 2018). [https://phys.org/news/2018-05-gene-survey-reveals-facets-evolution.html Sweeping gene survey reveals new facets of evolution]. ''Phys.org''. Retrieved June 7, 2018.
*Ham, Ken (June 7, 2018). [https://answersingenesis.org/natural-selection/speciation/study-90-percent-of-species-have-recent-origin/ Study: 90% of Species Have a Recent Origin]. ''Answers in Genesis''. Retrieved June 7, 2018.
*Davis, Billy; Jordahl, Steve (May 31, 2018). [https://www.onenewsnow.com/science-tech/2018/05/31/when-your-dna-research-pokes-holes-in-darwin When your DNA research pokes holes in Darwin]. ''OneNewsNow''. Retrieved June 7, 2018.</ref>
# Evolutionist studies have found that all male humans have the same Y-[[chromosome]] while females have greater chromosomal diversity.<ref>Stanford University. "Wars and clan structure may explain a strange biological event 7,000 years ago." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 29 May 2018. < https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/05/180529185356.htm >.</ref> This is in line with the Genesis account, which shows that only Noah's Y-chromosome lineage survived the flood, being passed along to his sons and beyond, while seven or eight X-chromosome lineages survived.<ref>Cater, Robert W. (May 11, 2010). [https://creation.com/noah-and-genetics Adam, Eve and Noah vs Modern Genetics]. ''Creation Ministries International'. Retrieved June 16, 2018.</ref>
# The sulfurization of organic matter, once thought to take tens of thousands of years, has been found to only take hours to complete.<ref>[https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/08/180830180058.htm Faster than we thought: Sulfurization of organic material: New research is changing our understanding of the carbon cycle]. ''ScienceDaily'' (from ''Washington University in St. Louis''). August 30, 2018. Retrieved September 16, 2018.</ref>
# An analysis of mitochondrial DNA shows that humans and most animal kinds came from common ancestors that lived later than 4000 BC, indicating a recent creation and the existence of a genetic "bottleneck" resulting from the [[Great Flood]].<ref>Jeanson, Nathaniel T. (July 27, 2018). [https://answersingenesis.org/genetics/animal-genetics/hundreds-thousands-species-few-thousand-years/ Hundreds of Thousands of Species in a Few Thousand Years?] ''Answers in Genesis''. Retrieved December 28, 2018. From a non-creationist perspective that still indicates a surprisingly young earth:
*Guillen, Michael (November 24, 2018). [https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/did-a-mysterious-extinction-event-precede-adam-and-eve Did a mysterious extinction event precede Adam and Eve?] ''Fox News''. Retrieved December 28, 2018.</ref>

=== Geology ===

[[Image:Roth-01.gif|right|thumb|250px|"[[Paraconformity|Paraconformities]] — where one rock stratum sits on top of another rock stratum but with supposedly millions of years of geological time missing, yet the contact plane lacks any significant erosion; that is, it is a “flat gap”. E.g. Coconino sandstone / Hermit shale in the [[Grand Canyon]] (supposedly a 10 million year gap in time)."<ref name="Age of the earth"/> See: [https://creation.com/age-of-the-earth Age of the earth] ]]
# Based on erosion rates, [[Niagara Falls]] is known to be less than 15,000 years old, even as admitted by [[atheist]]ic scientists who believe in an [[Old Earth]].<ref>The theory of an [[Ice Age]] to carve Niagara Falls less than 15,000 years ago is inconsistent with its shape and with much other geological evidence.</ref>
# Sedimentary rock strata covering large areas seldom contain more than one major sediment type, i.e. sandstone, claystone, or limestone. How would it have been possible for just one type of sediment to be deposited over large areas for thousands of years, followed by thousands of years of another type, and so on? Obviously, the sediments were not deposited over thousands of years each, but were contained in moving waters and sorted out during major flooding. This kind of sorting has been proved by Guy Berthault's experiments and by observation of flood deposits in Colorado in 1965, flood deposits at Mount St. Helens in the 1980s, and others. John Baumgardner et al showed that megatsunamis over 2 km high would have been capable of rapidly eroding undersea continental slopes and depositing it over large continental areas in weeks to months. An asteroid swarm would have been capable of causing such tsunamis by tidal action. See Genesis and Historical Geology: A Personal Perspective Guy Berthault<ref>https://creation.com/images/pdfs/tj/j12_2/j12_2_213-217.pdf</ref> Also<ref>http://sedimentology.fr</ref> and Noah’s Flood: The Key to Correct Interpretation of Earth History<ref>https://www.socalsem.edu/noahs-flood-the-key-to-correct-interpretation-of-earth-history</ref>
# The interior of the Earth is as hot as the sun—far hotter than atheists thought—and such heat would have dissipated and the radioactivity decayed if the Earth were old.<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-22297915</ref>
# The magnetism of the Earth is vanishing so quickly that it will disappear in 1,500 to 2,000 years;<ref>http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/3693932/ns/technology_and_science-science/t/earths-magnetic-field-weakening/</ref> extrapolating backward does not permit an Old Earth.
# [[Paraconformity|Paraconformities]] — where one rock stratum sits on top of another rock stratum but with supposedly millions of years of geological time missing, yet the contact plane lacks any significant erosion; that is, it is a “flat gap.” E.g. Coconino sandstone / Hermit shale in the [[Grand Canyon]] (supposedly a 10 million year gap in time).<ref name="Age of the earth"/> See: [https://creation.com/age-of-the-earth Age of the earth].
# The frequency of large [[earthquakes]] (more than 6.99 on the Richter scale) doubles roughly every 40 years,<ref>http://www.earth.webecs.co.uk/</ref> rendering long-term stability impossible. Large earthquakes have increased by more than 20% in only the last decade.<ref>http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqarchives/year/eqstats.php Meanwhile, there is a claim that the global risk of big earthquakes has not increased over the last hundred years [http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2011/12/12/1118525109.abstract Peter M. Shearer, Philip B. Stark: ''Global risk of big earthquakes has not recently increased''] [http://www.pnas.org PNAS], Dec 19, 2011, doi: 10.1073/pnas.1118525109</ref> "Researchers are left scratching their heads, trying to understand possible reasons for the uptick in seismic activity in Oklahoma."<ref>http://journalrecord.com/2014/06/16/stc-mining-in-ok-eqs-energy/#ixzz3BKBRvmOW</ref>
# The continued existence of fragile natural arches without having collapsed despite a short time period for erosion and stresses on them.<ref>http://www.naturalarches.org/big9.htm</ref>
# An extrapolation of time between the collapse of weaker arches<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/08/11/AR2008081102290.html</ref> with still-standing stronger arches supports a young earth age.
# The massive [[Great Lakes]] and freshwater lakes near the equator could not have existed for millions of years, and several of these lakes are rapidly receding in volume; the third largest saltwater lake, Oroumieh Lake, could completely evaporate within the next five years.<ref>http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20110525/ap_on_re_mi_ea/ml_iran_environmental_disaster</ref>
# The existence of inland saltwater lakes at high altitudes, such as Mono Lake and the [[Great Salt Lake]], suggests a recent global [[flood]].
# The relative purity of underground well water, which would be a muddy slurry had millions of years of erosion taken place.
# The plentiful supply of high concentrations of underground well water, which would be expected based on familiar principles of [[entropy]] to dissipate over a long period of time.
# Earthquakes alter the Earth's rotation several times each century;<ref>http://www.redorbit.com/news/science/2010872/japan_quake_changed_earths_rotation/</ref> extrapolating by orders of magnitude in time would have resulted in the occurrence of much larger earthquakes that would have destabilized the rotation<ref>A similar analysis may be performed for the likelihood of devastating collisions with meteors as time is extrapolated by orders of magnitude.</ref>
# The lack of erosion between rock layers.<ref>https://www.amazon.com/review/R1WTZL8GG4H9K0</ref>Z<ref>http://www.knowthebible.net/id115.html</ref>
# Levels of contamination in water are rising, as water proceeds through the [[water cycle]] it becomes progressively more contaminated. If Earth (and life) had existed for billions of years, a limit would have been reached long ago where water (essential to life) became too contaminated for life to continue.
# All [[carbon dating]] of water supplies, even the most ancient and the deepest underground reservoirs, result in relatively young ages,<ref>http://www.betalabservices.com/PDF/Geyh.pdf</ref> and no water has been found suggesting an Old Earth.
# The ratio of strontium isotopes in seawater, which should change due to long-term erosion, has varied by only 0.35% throughout history. In fact, its value today is exactly the same as in the oldest samples, which are claimed to be from 500 million years ago.
# The relatively recent separation of the still-moving continents from one land mass — denied for 100 years by [[atheist]]s before they accepted it — suggests a young earth or at least a relatively recent cataclysmic event.
# Fresh tracks of motion by stationary rocks are still visible in some areas, baffling Old Earth scientists for more than 60 years; Old Earth magazines refer to them as "self-moving rocks."<ref>https://www.usnews.com/science/articles/2011/02/18/rafting-for-rocks?s_cid=rss:rafting-for-rocks</ref>
# Beaches have long been eroding far too quickly for the Old Earth theory; "between 80 and 90 percent of the sandy beaches along America’s coastlines have been eroding for decades," Sometimes by as much as 50 feet per year.<ref>http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=what-causes-beach-erosion</ref>
# Land is sinking into the oceans at a rate of at least 7 inches per century,<ref>http://www.app.com/article/20110319/NJNEWS/103190327/Global-warming-rising-seas-threaten-New-Jersey-expert-says</ref> which would have rendered most of the United States underwater if the Earth were not young.
# The flow of water in the [[Colorado River]] has been declining since the early 20th century, even after usage is considered, and the man-made Lake Mead is at risk of drying up in the next decade.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/13/us/13mead.html</ref>
# Erosion of rock is far faster than atheist geology previously thought [http://news.sciencemag.org/climate/2014/01/scienceshot-fastest-mountain-erosion-record]. Secular science now admits that mountains don't last long, but remain strangely silent on the obvious implication. Also in the same article: extra soil created by erosion scrubs greenhouse gas CO2 from the atmosphere.
# Contrary to evolutionary assumptions that diamonds formed in conditions where there was no water, researchers collected diamond samples from deep within the Earth's crust and found in 2018 ice embedded in the diamonds.<ref>Gramling, Carolyn (March 8, 2018). [https://www.sciencenews.org/article/diamonds-reveal-sign-deepest-water-known-inside-earth Diamonds reveal sign of the deepest water known inside Earth]. ''ScienceNews''. Retrieved March 19, 2018.</ref> This is consistent with the biblical accounts of the creation and the global flood, including 2 Peter 3:5–6.
# The world's largest aquifer is the [[Ogallala Aquifer]], which extends throughout the [[Great Plains|Great]] and High Plains from [[South Dakota]] into [[Texas]], supplying massive amounts of water annually to agriculture and other needs in that immense region. This underwater source was filled by rainfall over only 6,000 years, rather than a much longer time period if the Earth were older than that.

[[Image:516XZRGNCKL AA240 .jpg|right|300px]]
[[William R. Corliss]] also provides scores of anomalies, which challenge the [[Old Earth]] [[paradigm]].<ref>[http://www.science-frontiers.com/sourcebk.htm#Geology Geological Catalogs] (Science Frontiers)</ref> An accomplished author,<ref name="sf">[http://www.science-frontiers.com/ Science Frontiers] (Corliss' website)</ref>
Corliss has written 13 books for the [[National Aeronautics and Space Administration]] (NASA), a dozen educational booklets for the [[Atomic Energy Commission]] (AEC), and a dozen articles for the [[National Science Foundation]] (NSF).<ref>Corliss, 2002</ref> The science magazine ''[[New Scientist]]'' had an article which focused on the career of William Corliss.<ref>Adrian Hope, ''Finding a Home for Stray Fact'', New Scientist, July 14, 1977, p. 83</ref> ''New Scientist'' wrote regarding Corliss's work: "All I can say to Corliss is carry on cataloging."<ref>Quoted on the [http://www.science-frontiers.com/sourcebk.htm Science Frontiers website]</ref> [[Arthur C. Clarke]] described Corliss as "[[Charles Fort|Fort]]'s latter-day - and much more scientific - successor."<ref>Clarke, Arthur C. (1990) ''Astounding Days: A Science Fictional Autobiography''. Gollancz. Page 110</ref>

=== Science & Discovery ===
# A stalemate of significant and valid discoveries in the last several decades.<ref>Though there has been some progress in this timeframe, many of the "discoveries" are liberal propaganda, or are scientifically weak.</ref>

=== Biblical testimony ===

The Bible contains multiple pieces of evidence showing its authenticity including [[Bible history]], [[Biblical archaeology|Bible archaeology]] and [[Bible prophecy]]. Competent and honest [[Bible exegesis]] indicates the Earth is approximately 6,000 years old.<ref>[https://creation.com/should-genesis-be-taken-literally Should Genesis be taken literally?]</ref>

''See also:'' [https://creation.com/history-questions-and-answers How reliable is biblical chronology?]

== Highly recommended resources for more in-depth information and evidence ==

=== Websites ===

*[https://answersingenesis.org/ Answers in Genesis] official website
*[https://www.icr.org/ Institute for Creation Research] official website
*[https://creation.com/ Creation Ministries International] official website

=== Books ===

*Virtually any book concerning creation and [[Christian apologetics]] published by [http://www.masterbooks.com/ MasterBooks]*Ham, Ken; Hodge, Bodie (2019). ''[https://answersingenesis.org/store/product/glass-house/ Glass House: Shattering the Myth of Evolution]''. Green Forest, Arkansas: Master Books. ISBN: 9781683441564.
*Jeanson, Nathaniel T. (2017). ''[https://answersingenesis.org/store/product/replacing-darwin/ Replacing Darwin: The New Origin of Species]''. Green Forest, Arkansas: Master Books. ISBN: 9781683440758.
*Mortenson, Terry, ed. (2016). ''[https://answersingenesis.org/store/product/searching-adam/ Searching for Adam: Genesis & the Truth About Man's Origin]''. Green Forest, Arkansas: Master Books. ISBN: 9780890519752.
*Landis, Don (2015). ''[https://answersingenesis.org/store/product/secrets-ancient-man/ Secrets of Ancient Man]''. Green Forest, Arkansas: Master Books. ISBN: 9780890518663.
*Boyd, Steven W.; Snelling, Andrew A. ''[https://answersingenesis.org/store/product/grappling-chronology-genesis-flood/?sku=10-3-129 Grappling with the Chronology of the Genesis Flood: Navigating the Flow of Time in Biblical Narrative]''. Green Forest, Arkansas: Master Books. ISBN: 9780890517093.
*Hodge, Bodie (2013). ''[https://answersingenesis.org/store/product/tower-babel-book/ Tower of Babel: The Cultural History of Our Ancestors]''. Green Forest, Arkansas: Master Books. ISBN: 9780890517154.
*Landis, Don (2012). ''[https://answersingenesis.org/store/product/genius-ancient-man/ The Genius of Ancient Man]''. Green Forest, Arkansas: Master Books. ISBN: 9780890516775.
*Snelling, Andrew A. (2010). ''[https://answersingenesis.org/store/product/earths-catastrophic-past/?sku=10-3-124& Earth’s Catastrophic Past: Geology, Creation & the Flood]''. Green Forest, Arkansas: Master Books. ISBN: 9780890518748.
*[[Walt Brown|Brown, Walt]] (2008). ''[[In the Beginning|In the Beginning: Compelling Evidence for Creation and the Flood]] (8th Edition)''. Center for Scientific Creation; 8th edition (December 1, 2008). ISBN: 978-1878026095.
*[[William R. Corliss]], Anomalies in Geology: Physical, Chemical, Biological (A Catalog of Geological Anomalies), 1989. ISBN 915554-23-2
*William R. Corliss, Neglected Geological Anomalies, 1990. ISBN 915554-24-0
*William R. Corliss, Inner Earth: A Search for Anomalies (A Catalog of Geological Anomalies), 1991. ISBN 915554-25-9
*William R. Corliss, Carolina Bays, Mima Mounds, Submarine Canyons (A Catalog of Geological Anomalies), 1988. ISBN 915554-22-4

===Films===
*''[[Is Genesis History?]]'' (2017; [https://isgenesishistory.com/ website])
*''Genesis: Paradise Lost'' (2017; [https://genesismovie.com/ website])

=== Other recommended links ===
*[https://creation.com/age-of-the-earth Age of the Earth - 101 evidences for a young earth and universe] by [[Creation Ministries International]]
*[https://creation.com/refuting-evolution-chapter-8-how-old-is-the-earth How old is the Earth?] - ''Refuting Evolution'' - Chapter 8 by Dr. [[Jonathan Sarfati]] at [[Creation Ministries International]]
*[http://www.preteristcentral.com/Debunking%20Old%20Earth%20Creationism%20&%20a%20Regional%20Flood.html Debunking the Old Earth Theory]
*[https://answersingenesis.org/creationism/young-earth/most-compelling-scientific-evidence-of-young-earth/ What Is the Most Compelling Scientific Evidence of a Young Earth?], by Dr. Terry Mortenson at [[Answers in Genesis]]. Originally published on February 27, 2006.
*[https://answersingenesis.org/theory-of-evolution/millions-of-years/seven-reasons-why-we-should-not-accept-millions-of-years/ Seven Reasons Why We Should Not Accept Millions of Years] by Dr. Terry Mortenson at [[Answers in Genesis]]. Originally published on July 17, 2006.
*[https://answersingenesis.org/evidence-for-creation/the-10-best-evidences-from-science-that-confirm-a-young-earth/ The 10 Best Evidences from Science that Confirm a Young Earth], Answers in Genesis, October 1, 2012.
*[https://answersingenesis.org/evidence-for-creation/six-evidences-of-young-earth/ Six Evidences of a Young Earth], Answers in Genesis.
*[http://www.creationwiki.org/Young_earth_evidence Young Earth evidence] on [[CreationWiki]]

== See also ==
*[[Counterexamples to the Bible]]
*[[Literalist Bible chronology]]
*[[Radiometric dating]]
*[[Arguments for a recent creation]]
*[[Earth age opinions of prominent Christians - pre-1800]]

== Footnotes ==
{{Reflist|colwidth=35em}}

{{Counterexamples}}

[[Category:Counterexamples]]
[[Category:Geology]]

Cities harmed by NFL

2026-10-13T02:42:24Z

RoadtoEmmaus: Remove duplicate period after closing quotation mark

Here is a growing list of cities harmed or even impoverished by the [[pagan]], greedy [[NFL]]:

== [[St. Louis]] ==

The Rams left St. Louis, already a poor city, with a massive stadium debt when they left town in 2016. As of 2019, the unpaid debt the Rams left was still $90 million. St. Louis's reserves were only $53 million at the start of 2021 (and then less due to [[COVID-19]])<ref>https://www.stltoday.com/business/local/covid-19-deals-a-21-million-blow-to-st-louis-finances/article_ab37a630-0130-5855-a239-65a53b4f2ba9.html</ref>.

The suffocating debt left by the billionaire owner of the Rams cuts into things like funding police protection, which St. Louis badly needs.

Meanwhile, the Rams' owner declared at the time that his new stadium would not be funded by taxpayers. But since then the costs of the new Rams' stadium have ballooned to $5 billion, for which the Rams' owner has demanded that the NFL help him cover.<ref>https://losangeles.cbslocal.com/2020/05/15/report-rams-ask-nfl-for-another-500m-in-sofi-stadium-financing/</ref> The NFL, in turn, shakes down taxpayers for its monies, including looting them in connection with each [[Super Bowl]], also known as "Super Subsidy."

Without billions in taxpayer funding to prop up the NFL, it would not exist. And St. Louis could then afford good police protection.

== [[Oakland]] ==

== References ==
{{reflist}}
[[category:NFL]]

Christianity in Asia

2026-10-13T02:42:23Z

RoadtoEmmaus: Remove duplicate period after closing quotation mark

'''Christianity in Asia''' goes right back to the Apostolic and divine foundations of Christianity by [[Jesus Christ]] Our Lord and His holy [[Apostles]]. [[Israel]] being situated in [[Asia]], it was Asia itself that was the first to hear the Word of God. [[Apostle Thomas|St. Thomas]] the Apostle preached and was martyred in India, showing Christianity had already reached the Far East before the end of the First Century A.D. The First Ecumenical Council was the [[Council of Nicaea]] in [[Asia Minor]] in 325 A.D. There is a plan to commemorate the Synod in Nicaea in 2025.<ref>http://www.asianews.it/news-en/Bartholomew:-With-Francis,-we-invite-all-Christians-to-celebrate-the-first-synod-of-Nicaea-in-2025-31213.html</ref>

== Growth of Christianity in China ==

''See also:'' [[Growth of Christianity in China]]

In 2020, ''The Economist'' published an article entitled ''Protestant Christianity is booming in China'' which indicated:
{{Cquote|As for China’s Christians, their numbers continue to grow. The government reckons that about 200m of China’s 1.4bn people are religious. Although most practice traditional Chinese religions such as Taoism, and longer-standing foreign imports such as Buddhism, Protestant Christianity is probably the fastest-growing faith, with at least 38m adherents today (about 3% of the population), up from 22m a decade ago, according to the government’s count. The true number is probably much higher: perhaps as many as 22m more Chinese Protestants worship in unregistered “underground” churches, according to a new study by researchers at the University of Notre Dame. As China also has 10m-12m Catholics, there are more Christians in China today than in France (38m) or Germany (43m). Combined, Christians and the country’s estimated 23m Muslims may now outnumber the membership of the Communist Party (92m). Indeed, an unknown number of party members go to church as well as local committee meetings.<ref>[https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/2020/09/15/protestant-christianity-is-booming-in-china ''Protestant Christianity is booming in China''], ''The Economist'', Sep 15th 2020</ref>}}

To see the magnitude of the explosive growth of Christianity in China, examine [https://www.dw.com/en/in-xi-we-trust-is-china-cracking-down-on-christianity/a-42224752 this graph about the growth of Christianity in China] in a DW news story about Chinese Christianity (DW is a mainstream news outlet in Germany). There are now more Christians in China than Chinese who belong to the [[Communist Party of China]] (see also: [[East Asia and global desecularization]]).<ref>[https://www.dw.com/en/in-xi-we-trust-is-china-cracking-down-on-christianity/a-42224752 In Xi we trust - Is China cracking down on Christianity?], DW News</ref>

For more information, please see:

*[[Growth of Christianity in China]]

*[[Future of atheism in China]]
== Ethnic Chinese and a rapid rise of charismatic Christianity in Asian countries ==

''See also:'' [[Ethnic Chinese and the rise of Christianity in Southeast Asia]]
[[File:Southeast Asia map.png|thumbnail|200px|right|Ethnic Chinese migration has caused a rise of Christianity in Southeast Asia - especially [[Charismatic movement|charismatic Christianity]].<ref>[http://www.eurasiareview.com/28092015-the-state-of-pentecostalism-in-southeast-asia-ethnicity-class-and-leadership-analysis/ The State Of Pentecostalism In Southeast Asia: Ethnicity, Class And Leadership – Analysis], ''Eurasia Review''</ref><ref>[https://www.smu.edu.sg/perspectives/2012/06/26/understanding-rapid-rise-charismatic-christianity-southeast-asia UNDERSTANDING THE RAPID RISE OF CHARISMATIC CHRISTIANITY IN SOUTHEAST ASIA], Singapore Management University, 2010</ref>]]
Singapore Management University reports:
{{Cquote|...more and more people in Southeast Asia are converting to Christianity. But these new converts – mostly ethnic Chinese – are drawn particularly to [[Charismatic movement|charismatic Christianity]].

This new wave of religious fervour accounts for the rise of “mega churches” in this part of the world. Juliette Koning and her colleague, Heidi Dahles of VU University Amsterdam, had been studying Indonesia and Malaysia respectively when they first took notice of how many ethnic Chinese business managers were embracing charismatic Christianity. They decided to study this phenomenon through an anthropological lens and presented their findings in their paper, 'Spiritual Power: Ethnic Chinese Managers and the Rise of Charismatic Christianity in Southeast Asia'...

Koning noted that there was a rapid expansion of charismatic Christianity from the 1980s onwards. Singapore, China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Indonesia and Malaysia are said to have the fastest-growing Christian communities and the majority of the new believers are “upwardly mobile, urban, middle-class Chinese”. Asia has the second largest Pentecostal-charismatic Christians of any continent, with the number growing from 10 million to 135 million between 1970 and 2000.<ref>[https://www.smu.edu.sg/perspectives/2012/06/26/understanding-rapid-rise-charismatic-christianity-southeast-asia UNDERSTANDING THE RAPID RISE OF CHARISMATIC CHRISTIANITY IN SOUTHEAST ASIA], Singapore Management University, 2010</ref>}}

''Eurasia Review'' reports:
{{Cquote|The independent Pentecostal movement has been growing rapidly in Southeast Asia in recent decades, benefitting from the broader expansion of charismatic Christianity from the 1980s onwards in Singapore, Indonesia and Malaysia, as well as further afield in Taiwan and South Korea.

There are several reasons why the growth of this movement in this region is important. Firstly, to a large extent the Pentecostal movement has an ethnic face. The majority of Pentecostals in urban centres like Kuala Lumpur, Singapore, Surabaya, Jakarta and Manila are, with some notable exceptions, upwardly mobile, middle-class ethnic Chinese. In countries where the ethnic Chinese are in the minority, Pentecostal churches and cell groups are crucial spaces for social networking, business contacts and identity-making.

Secondly, it has a wide economic appeal suggesting an ability to tap into different concerns and aspirations. For while the megachurch, the most popular incarnation of independent Pentecostalism, is often associated with the middle classes, it has great attraction for the poor and the working class in urban centres like Manila.

Thirdly, the central figure of the charismatic leader in Pentecostal churches means that senior pastors enjoy great deference and sway over large congregations.<ref>[http://www.eurasiareview.com/28092015-the-state-of-pentecostalism-in-southeast-asia-ethnicity-class-and-leadership-analysis/ The State Of Pentecostalism In Southeast Asia: Ethnicity, Class And Leadership – Analysis], ''Eurasia Review''</ref>}}
==East Asia==
=== North Korea ===
'''See''' [[Christianity in North Korea]]
=== South Korea ===
[[File:Flag of South Korea.png|thumbnail|right|200px|South Korean churches have embraced the cause of international missions, and they have sent more than 20,000 missionaries throughout the world.<ref>[http://www.sbts.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2015/10/Pages-from-SBJT-V15-N2_Terry.pdf The Growth of Christianity in East Asia]</ref>]]
In 2005, according to figures compiled by the South Korean National Statistical Office, 46.5% of the population were classified as irreligious, compared to 22.8% [[Buddhism|Buddhists]], 18.3% [[Protestantism|Protestants]], 10.9% [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholics]], and 1.7% Other religions.<ref name=koreastats>According to figures compiled by the South Korean [[National Statistical Office (South Korea)]] . {{cite web|url=http://kosis.nso.go.kr:7001/ups/chapterRetrieve.jsp?pubcode=MA&seq=292&pub=3|accessdate=August 23, 2006|work=NSO online KOSIS database|title=인구,가구/시도별 종교인구/시도별 종교인구 (2005년 인구총조사)}}</ref> The [[Salvation Army]] is also present.

John Mark Terry writes in his paper ''The Growth of Christianity in East Asia'':
{{Cquote|South Korea represents one of international missions’s great successes. Flying into Seoul at night is a blessing for a Christian. One can see florescent crosses on top of church buildings all over the city. During the 1970s and 80s Christianity grew tremendously in Korea. That explosive growth has slowed now, but Christians comprise 31 percent of the population. The Korean churches have embraced the cause of international missions, and they have sent more than 20,000 missionaries throughout the world. At first these missionaries primarily ministered to Koreans living abroad, but improved missionary training has brought a greater emphasis on crosscultural mission.<ref>[http://www.sbts.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2015/10/Pages-from-SBJT-V15-N2_Terry.pdf The Growth of Christianity in East Asia]</ref>}}

Like most atheists, the atheists of South Korea are not sending out atheist activists to other countries to spread atheism around the world (See: [[Atheism and apathy]]).

=== Japan ===
Christianity in Japan includes several denominations, with the major ones being [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholicism]], [[Protestantism]], and [[Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodoxy]]. The largest Protestant denomination is the United Church of Christ in Japan<ref>https://www.oikoumene.org/member-churches/united-church-of-christ-in-japan</ref>. Christians make up about 1% of the population.<ref>https://christianity.fandom.com/wiki/Christianity_in_Japan</ref>

=== Philippines ===

[[Roman Catholic Church|Catholics]] are the majority religion in the [[Philippines]]. [[Protestant]]s are the second largest religious group in the Philippines. [[Orthodox Church|Orthodox Churches]] also exist. See [[Antiochian Orthodox Archdiocese of Australia, New Zealand, Philippines | Antiochian Orthodox Archdiocese of Philippines]]

According to [[Wikipedia]], an online encyclopedia founded by an atheist and an [[agnosticism|agnostic]], "[[Irreligion]] in the [[Philippines]] is particularly rare among Filipinos..."<ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Irreligion_in_the_Philippines&oldid=850070840 Irreligion in the Philippines], July 2018, "[[Irreligion]] in the [[Philippines]] is particularly rare among Filipinos..."</ref>

===Taiwan===
About 4.5% of [[Taiwan|Taiwanese]] are identified as Christian.<ref> https://culturalatlas.sbs.com.au/taiwanese-culture/taiwanese-culture-religion</ref> Christianity in Taiwan includes several denominations, with the largest being the [[Presbyterian|Presbyterian Church]], followed by [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholicism]]. Other denominations present include [[Baptists]], [[Methodism]], [[Lutheranism]], [[Seventh-day_Adventist_Church|Adventists]], and [[Religious_Society_of_Friends|Quakers]] and the [[Salvation Army]].<ref> https://east-is-east.org/blog-root/?page_id=1713</ref>
==North Asia==
===Armenia===
'''See''' [[Armenia#Religion | Christianity in Armenia]]

===Azerbaijan===
Christianity is a minority religion in Azerbaijan, comprising approximately 3.1% to 4.8% of the population. The estimated number of Christians ranges from 280,000 to 450,000. The majority of Christians are Russian and Georgian Orthodox, with a smaller community of Protestant Christians, many of whom converted from Islam. The 2020 Second Nagorno-Karabakh War may have chased some Christians to Armenia.<ref>https://www.opendoors.org/en-US/research-reports/articles/stories/Azerbaijan-Christian-population-has-plummeted/</ref><ref>https://www.visionofhumanity.org/armenia-azerbaijan-peace-for-a-longstanding-conflict/</ref>

===Kazakhstan===
The main Christian denominations in [[Kazakhstan]] include the [[Russian Orthodox]] Church, which is the largest, followed by smaller groups such as [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholics]], [[Lutheran]]s, and various [[Protestant]] denominations. Christians make up about 17.2% of the population.<ref>https://www.orexca.com/kazakhstan/religions.htm</ref>.
===Georgia, Republic of===
'''See''' [[Republic_of_Georgia#People | Christianity in Georgia, Republic of]]

=== Mongolia and global ===
In the early 1980s there were only a handful of known Christian believers in [[Mongolia]]. In 2011, Mongolia [[per capita]] sent out more Christian missionaries than any country in the world.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MEkwlyWIv3Y Phill Butler : The Mongolia Story]</ref>

===Russia===
'''See ''' [[Russia#Religion | Christianity in Russia]]

===Uzbekistan===
Christians are a minority in [[Uzbekistan]] and include [[Eastern Orthodox]], [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]], and various [[Protestant]] groups such as [[Baptist]]s, [[Methodist]]s, and [[Seventh-day Adventists]].<ref>https://ucs.nd.edu/learn/uzbekistan/</ref>.

==Southeast Asia==
===East Timor (Timor-Leste)===
'''See ''' [[Timor-Leste#Religion | Christianity in East Timor]]
===Indonesia===
''See'' [[Christianity in Indonesia]]
===Myanmar (Burma)===
Approximately 6% of [[Myanmar]]’s population identifies as Christian, mostly [[Baptist]], [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] or [[Salvation Army]].<ref>https://thewitness.org/christianity-in-myanmar/</ref>

===Singapore===
Christianity is 18.9% of the population of [[Singapore]]. Major denominations include [[Anglicanism]], [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholicism]], [[Evangelicalism]], [[Lutheranism]], [[Methodism]], [[Pentecostalism]], [[Presbyterianism]] and [[Salvation Army]].<ref>https://thewitness.org/christianity-in-singapore/</ref>
===Thailand===
Christians in [[Thailand]] are about 1.4% of the population, with most in the northern regions. Major churches are [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic Church]], the Church of Christ in Thailand (CCT)<ref>https://www.oikoumene.org/member-churches/church-of-christ-in-thailand</ref>, the Thailand Baptist Convention<ref>https://baptistworld.org/member/thailand-baptist-convention/</ref>, the Evangelical Fellowship of Thailand (EFT)<ref>https://linkingglobalvoices.com/networks-listing/networks-view?tx_genmobile_sites%5Baction%5D=show&tx_genmobile_sites%5Bcontroller%5D=Site&tx_genmobile_sites%5Bsite%5D=1179&cHash=fc2dc9a201110926206c2e76ec3ea2d7</ref>, the [[Seventh-day_Adventist_Church|Seventh Day Adventists]]<ref>https://thaimissions.info/gsdl/collect/thaimiss/index/assoc/HASH01db/b8f3423f.dir/doc.pdf</ref> and [[Salvation Army]].
===Vietnam===
Christians in [[Vietnam]] include [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholicism]], which is the largest, followed by various [[Protestant]] groups such as the Evangelical Church of Vietnam and smaller denominations like [[Baptists]] and [[Anglicans]]. As of recent estimates, Catholics make up about 6.6% and Protestants about 1%.<ref>https://www.opendoorsus.org/en-US/persecution/countries/vietnam/</ref>.

==South Asia==
===Afghanistan===
'''See''' [[Christianity in Afghanistan]]

===India===
The '''[[Indian_Orthodox_Church| Indian Orthodox Church]]''' is one of the oldest denominations of [[Christianity]], originating in [[India]] around 52 AD, when St. Thomas the Apostle traveled to [[India]]. The church is also called Malankara Orthodox Church, Orthodox Church of the East, Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church, Orthodox Syrian Church of the East<ref> St Thomas Detroit, " History of Indian Orthodox Church ". [http://stthomasdetroit.org/our-faith/history-of-indian-orthodox-church/]</ref>. Other Christian groups in India are [[Protestantism]], [[Roman Catholic Church]] and [[Salvation Army]]. 
'''See also''' [[Christianity in India]]
===Maldives===
[[Maldives]] citizens are '''not allowed''' to be Christians; the only people allowed to say they are Christians are foreign workers and visitors. A few churches are allowed.<ref>https://www.holidify.com/collections/churches-in-maldives</ref>

===Nepal===
Christians make up about 1.8% of the population in [[Nepal]]. [[Baptists]], [[Pentecostal]]s, [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholics]], and [[Seventh-day_Adventist_Church|Seventh-day Adventists]] are among the population.<ref>https://lakshmanbasnet.com/nepal/churches-list-christianity-nepal/</ref>

===Pakistan===
'''See ''' [[Christianity in Pakistan]]
===Sri Lanka===
Christian denominations in [[Sri Lanka]] include [[Roman Catholicism]], [[Anglicanism]], [[Methodism]], [[Baptists]], [[Pentecostal]]s<ref>https://lausanne.org/global-analysis/christianity-in-sri-lanka-how-we-can-learn-from-and-support-the-church-there</ref>.

==West Asia (Middle East)==
'''See also''' [[Modern Genocide of Christians | Middle Eastern Genocides]]
===Jordan===
'''See''' [[Jordan#People | Christianity in Jordan]]
===Iraq===
'''See''' [[Iraq#Christianity | Christianity in Iraq]]

===Iran===
'''See''' [[Christianity in Iran]]
===Saudi Arabia===
'''See''' [[Christianity in Saudi Arabia]]
===Syria===
'''See''' [[Christianity in Syria]]
===Turkey===
Christian life in Turkey is marked by a small but diverse community, including Armenian, Greek Orthodox, and Protestant Christians, who face challenges in a predominantly Muslim society. While the Turkish constitution guarantees religious freedom, Christians often encounter social and legal obstacles, including restrictions on worship.<ref>https://www.bestofephesus.com/christianity-in-turkey.php</ref>.
===Yemen===
'''See''' [[Christianity in Yemen]]

==See also==
*[[Christian marriage]]
*[[Afterlife]]
*[[Global Christianity]]
*[[Christianity by continent]]
*[[Future of Christianity]]
*[[Christianity in Africa]]
*[[Christianity in Antarctica]]
*[[Christianity in Australia | Christianity in Australia, Oceania, New Zealand]]
*[[Christianity in Europe]]
*[[Christianity in North America | Christianity in North America, Caribbean]]
*[[Christianity in South America | Christianity in South America, Central America]]
*[[Indian_Orthodox_Church | (Indian) Malankara Orthodox Church]]

==References==

{{Reflist|2}}

[[Category:Christianity by Continent]]
[[Category:Asia]]
[[Category:Christianity]]

COVID-19

2026-10-13T02:42:20Z

RoadtoEmmaus: Remove duplicate period after closing quotation mark

<center>''See also [[coronavirus]].''</center>
'''[[Coronavirus]] disease 2019''', or '''COVID-19''' (also called Wuhan Virus, Chinese Virus, and the CCP flu), is the name of the disease caused by a novel strain of the [[coronavirus]] (SARS-CoV-2 or 2019-nCoV) identified as originating in [[Wuhan, China]] in late November and early December 2019.<ref>[https://www.scmp.com/news/china/society/article/3074991/coronavirus-chinas-first-confirmed-covid-19-case-traced-back Coronavirus: China’s first confirmed Covid-19 case traced back to November 17], Josephine Ma, 13 Mar, 2020. www.scmp.com</ref> The outbreak turned into the [[CCP global pandemic|COVID-19 pandemic]], reaching every continent on the planet by March 2020. Genetic mapping suggests that the Wuhan virus is related to severe acute respiratory syndrome [[SARS-CoVid-1|(SARS) of 2002 and 2003]] as well as to the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) of 2012 to the present. COVID-19 is considered highly infectious with an estimated basic reproduction number (R0) of 2.2. The mortality rate is 1.2%.<ref>[https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/data/mortality John Hopkins, April 6, 2022]</ref> By comparison, the mortality rate for seasonal influenza is 0.1 percent, SARS was 9 to 10 percent, and MERS was 36 percent.<ref name="Fauci">Anthony S. Fauci, M.D., H. Clifford Lane, M.D., and Robert R. Redfield, M.D., "[https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMe2002387 Covid-19 — Navigating the Uncharted]," ''New England Journal of Medicine'', March 26, 2020.</ref> The numbers hospitalized due to COVID have been exaggerated.<ref>https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2021/09/covid-hospitalization-numbers-can-be-misleading/620062/</ref> Nearly 1 million Americans have died.<ref>John Hopkins</ref>

Dr. Robert Redfield, former director of the [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention]] (CDC), told [[CNN]] that he believes the virus escaped from the [[Wuhan Institute of Virology]] (WIV) lab in China. “I do not believe this somehow came from a bat to a human.”<ref>https://dailycaller.com/2021/03/26/coronavirus-robert-redfield-wuhan-institute-of-virology/</ref>

A great deal of research is being conducted on this virus and “Since Dec. 11, 2020, the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine has been available under EUA [Emergency Use Authorization] in individuals 16 years of age and older, and the authorization was expanded to include those 12 through 15 years of age on May 10, 2021”.<ref>[https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-first-covid-19-vaccine] FDA</ref> Medications in current use include the antiviral drugs lopinavir–ritonavir, interferon-1β, the dangerous and expensive RNA polymerase inhibitor remdesivir, and [[hydroxychloroquine]].<ref name="Fauci" />

Because of the [[virus]]'s ability to replicate exponentially, it is difficult to calculate the total number of people infected, as well as a definitive mortality rate. Quantifying total infections is hampered by the number of test kits available, as well as trained personnel to interpret the results of a novel, previously unknown, virus. The exponential rate of infections can overwhelm healthcare facilities and healthcare givers. With only experimental treatments available for a previously unknown virus, experts recommend persons with symptoms remain home so as not to infect others, or even if your symptoms are unrelated to COVID-19 you could become infected at hospitals where carriers likely are present.

Many carriers of the virus show no symptoms at all, and may never show symptoms. Social distancing, remaining at least 6 feet away from other people, is recommended to avoid infection and for an untested, [[asymptomatic]] (showing no symptoms) carrier to avoid spreading the virus. Each survivor of the virus must build immunity through antibodies. Therefore, the size of a person's initial exposure to the virus is crucial.

Ultimately, experts have stated, some 80% of the planet will be exposed to the infection between 2019 and 2022. [[Herd immunity]] will probably develop and enable the world to survive. The following basic habits are highly recommended for persons wishing to survive this global [[pandemic]]: handwashing, social distancing, wearing masks to avoid spreading or catching the infection, not touching the mucus membranes of the mouth, nose, and eyes, and other sanitary habits
The virus has the ability to survive on surfaces, such as door knobs, money, tables, floors, etc. Maintaining cleanliness and avoiding contact with surfaces commonly used by the general public is also recommended. According to the politicized [[CDC]], over 800,000 Americans have died from COVID-19<ref>[https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-first-covid-19-vaccine] Centre for Disease Control (CDC).</ref> and more than 5,500,000 worldwide.<ref>[https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/] Worldmeters</ref> The U.S. CDC has revised its definitions and reporting on several occasions since early 2020. Statistics from the United States and the [[Peoples Republic of China]] are highly suspect for valid scientific analysis.

World leaders actively hope that COVID-19 can lead to [[The Great Reset]], and are even openly calling for it in the news.{{fact}}

==Dr. Zelenko's treatment approved for nationwide use ==
''See also:'' [[Vladimir Zelenko]] and [[Vladimir Zelenko's coronavirus treatment]]

As of March 27, 2020, the most successful doctor treating coronavirus patients is [[Vladimir Zelenko]], M.D., as none of his 699 patients have died or have required intubations whereas 1.5% of U.S. coronavirus patients die.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qaSHM1TK5tM Vladimir Zelenko: Important March 27, 2020 update regarding my coronavirus treatment regimen]</ref> See: [[Vladimir Zelenko's coronavirus treatment]]

[[President Donald Trump]] expressed optimism that Dr. Zelenko's treatment could be expanded to meet the threat of the deadly disease during the national emergency. Several [[Democrat]] governors subsequently issued [[executive order]]s banning the treatment.<ref>https://donsurber.blogspot.com/2020/03/democrats-fear-cure.html</ref> On March 30, 2020, the [[Food and Drug Administration]] granted expedited approval of [[hydroxychloroquine]] nationwide for treatment of COVID-19.<ref>https://www.politico.com/news/2020/03/29/fda-emergency-authorization-anti-malaria-drug-155095</ref> [[War on science|Anti-science]] [[Democrat]] governors, however, showing no regard for the lives of their people, resisted the FDA approved treatment.

President Trump is now taking hydroxychloroquine and zinc as a prophylactic (preventative measure), though he first checked with his personal physician that it was safe to do so. The "FDA cautions against use of hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine for COVID-19 outside of the hospital setting or a clinical trial due to risk of heart rhythm problems".<ref>[https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-safety-and-availability/fda-cautions-against-use-hydroxychloroquine-or-chloroquine-covid-19-outside-hospital-setting-or FDA]</ref><ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JsfqJ1TkgP0 Donald Trump says he takes hydroxychloroquine drug for Covid-19]</ref>

== Origin of COVID-19 virus ==
:{{See also|CCP pandemic coverup}}
Chinese student researchers indicated the novel coronavirus may have begun human-to-human transmission in late November 2019 from a place other than the Huanan Seafood Market in Wuhan. A study published on ChinaXiv, a Chinese open repository for scientific researchers, reveals the new coronavirus was introduced to the seafood market from another location, and then spread rapidly from market to market.<ref>https://www.globaltimes.cn/content/1180429.shtml</ref> The Chinese Communist Party deleted the page.

===''The Lancet'' disputes CCP wet market claims===
CCP propaganda outfits announced the virus may have originated at a government laboratory only 280 meters away from the Huanan seafood market. Disease-ridden animals, including more than 600 horseshoe bats, were kept at the facility. A Chinese-language newspaper published in Hong Kong, ''Ming Pao'', and the British daily, ''The Mirror'' explained that the Wuhan Center for Disease Control, or WHCDC, could have spawned the contagion in Hubei Province. It stated that it's plausible the virus was leaked from the lab and contaminated initial patients in this epidemic. Sen. [[Tom Cotton]], citing ''The Lancet'', tweeted
{{quotebox|China claimed—for almost two months—that coronavirus had originated in a Wuhan seafood market. That is not the case. @TheLancet published a study demonstrating that of the original 40 cases, 14 of them had no contact with the seafood market, including Patient Zero.<ref>https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/tom-cotton-implies-coronavirus-originated-in-wuhan-super-laboratory</ref>}}
This suggests that there was an earlier source of the virus that is unrelated to the seafood market and that has not yet been traced. If this theory is correct, the infection originated no later than November and infected the seafood market in December. The case histories and the pattern of infection were known to Chinese researchers from the beginning, so earlier reports fingering the market may have been intentionally misleading.<ref>Cohen, Jon, "[https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/01/wuhan-seafood-market-may-not-be-source-novel-virus-spreading-globally Wuhan seafood market may not be source of novel virus spreading globally]," ''Science'', Jan. 26, 2020.</ref> ''[[The Washington Post]]'', which routinely publishes Chinese Communist [[propaganda]], blasted Sen. Cotton over his comments.<ref>https://thefederalist.com/2020/02/19/washington-post-uses-chinese-propaganda-in-attempt-to-blast-sen-tom-cotton-over-coronavirus-comments/</ref>

On February 6, 2020, scientists from the South China University of Technology uploaded a paper on the origins of Coronavirus:
{{quotebox|The Lancet reported that 27 of 41 infected patients were found to have contact with the Huanan Seafood Market in Wuhan. We noted two laboratories conducting research on bat coronavirus in Wuhan, one of which was only 280 meters from the seafood market. We briefly examined the histories of the laboratories and proposed that the coronavirus probably originated from a laboratory…… The bats carrying CoV ZC45 were originally found in Yunnan or Zhejiang province, both of which were more than 900 kilometers away from the seafood market. Bats were normally found to live in caves and trees. But the seafood market is in a densely-populated district of Wuhan, a metropolitan of ~15 million people. The probability was very low for the bats to fly to the market. According to municipal reports and the testimonies of 31 residents and 28 visitors, the bat was never a food source in the city, and no bat was traded in the market.<ref>http://archive.is/ATNpb</ref>}}
China's left-wing censors however deleted the content.<ref>https://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-bloggers/3831465/posts</ref>

===Dr. Li issues public warning===
[[Dr. Li Wenliang]] was an ophthalmologist in [[Wuhan, China]] who became a [[whistleblower]] a victim of the [[Chinese Communist Party]] (CCP). Efforts by Dr. Li to alert the Chinese people to the danger of the [[CCP coronavirus]] in late December 2019, and his subsequent death 5 weeks later did not go unpunished. Dr. Li has been elevated to the status of saint and folk hero among the Chinese people.

On December 30, 2019, Dr. Li posted the lab test result of a coronavirus patient in a group chat to a class of about 150 students writing:
{{Quotebox|“7 cases of SARS have been confirmed in the South China Fruit and Seafood Market and they were isolated in the emergency department of our hospital. Please tell your families to take preventative measures.”}}
Some doctors confirmed that healthcare workers were starting to become infected around this time, a significant sign that the virus could spread between humans. Health officials in Wuhan were alerted. Instead of ramping up safety measures and alerting the public, on the same day they issued a notice forbidding all medical institutes or individuals from disclosing any information regarding the new disease. At midnight, Dr. Li was summoned by the CCP Security Police. They questioned him about why he was spreading rumors online.

On December 31, Wuhan's health commission posted an announcement about the outbreak on its website. They confirmed 27 cases of the infection and said there was no evidence that the disease was contagious among humans. According to a research paper written by Chinese officials, which was published later, the number of virus cases had reached at least 105 by the end of 2019. At that point, 15 people had already died. A media report also showed that one major hospital in Wuhan, Xiehe Hospital, was forced to transform an entire floor of the facility into “quarantine space for contagious disease.” [[Taiwan]] officials notified the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) that the virus was being spread from human-to-human.<ref>https://dailycaller.com/2020/03/20/who-taiwan-coronavirus-warning/</ref> Communist party officials in China and military personnel began taking preventative measures; however, the public was never alerted.

====8 doctors arrested for issuing public warnings====
On January 3, 2020, Dr. Li was asked to sign a confession to charges of committing [[crime]]s against the [[leftist]] regime, spreading “illegal and false” information and that he had “severely disrupted social order.” 7 other doctors also were charged. The confession read:
{{quotebox|"On December 30, 2019, WeChat group "Clinical Wuhan University 04" issued untrue statements about 7 cases of SARS diagnosed in the South China fruit and seafood market. Now raise warnings and admonitions according to law on the illegal issue of untrue statements on the [[Internet]]. Your behavior severely disrupts social order. Your behavior has exceeded the scope permitted by [[law]], and it violates the relevant provisions of the Law of the [[People's Republic of China]] on Public Security Management Penalties, which is an [[illegal]] act! The public security organ hopes that you will actively cooperate with your work, follow the advice of the [[police]], and stop the illegal behavior. can you do it? Answer: Yes We hope that you calm down and reflect carefully, and solemnly warn you: if you are stubborn, do not think about [[repentance]], and continue to carry out illegal activities, you will be punished by the law! do you understand? Answer: understand"<ref>[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E6%9D%8E%E6%96%87%E4%BA%AE%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%AD%E8%AF%AB%E4%B9%A6.png File:李文亮的训诫书.png WikiCommons]</ref>}}

====CCP controlled Wuhan Municipal Health Commission begins cover up ====
On December 31, 2019, the CCP-controlled Wuhan Municipal Health Commission declared, “The investigation so far has not found any obvious human-to-human transmission and no medical staff infection.” This is the opposite of the belief of the doctors working on patients in Wuhan, and two doctors were already suspected of contracting the virus.<ref>https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/IzzCnz4Yr2jEIYZePiu_ow</ref><ref>[[User:RobSmith/Text of article censored by Google translate]]</ref>

The CCP employed standard [[technocrat]]ic and [[bureaucrat]]ic rhetoric to qualm public fears:
{{quotebox|Twenty-seven cases have been found, of which 7 are in serious condition, and the remaining cases are stable and controllable. Two patients are expected to be discharged in the near future. The clinical manifestations of the cases were mainly fever, a few patients had difficulty breathing, and chest radiographs showed bilateral lung infiltrative lesions. At present, all cases have been isolated for treatment, follow-up investigations and medical observations of close contacts are ongoing, and hygiene investigations and environmental sanitation disposals for South China Seafood City are ongoing.

Wuhan organized the consultation of clinical medicine, epidemiology, and virology experts in Tongji Hospital, Provincial Center for Disease Control, [[Wuhan Institute of Virology]], Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan Infectious Disease Hospital, and Wuhan Center for Disease Control and other units, and the experts returned from the disease and treatment, Epidemiological investigation, preliminary laboratory tests and other aspects of the situation analysis that the above cases are viral pneumonia. The investigation so far has not found any obvious human-to-human transmission and no medical staff infection.}}
Tao Lina, a public-health expert and former official with Shanghai's Center for Disease Control and Prevention, tells the South China Morning Post, “I think we are [now] quite capable of killing it in the beginning phase, given China’s disease control system, emergency handling capacity and clinical medicine support.”<ref>https://www.scmp.com/news/china/politics/article/3044050/mystery-illness-hits-chinas-wuhan-city-nearly-30-hospitalised</ref>

====WHO collusion with CCP====
[[File:WHO-CCP Wuhan virus.PNG|right|300px|thumb|The WHO tweeted misinformation from the Chinese Communist Party that the world had nothing to fear from the coronavirus outbreak.]]
Li was ordered to return to work, where he contracted the virus. On January 6, 2020, the Center for Disease Control in [[Shanghai]] acquired the complete gene sequencing of the new virus. They found over 89 percent similarity between the new virus and the deadly SARS virus that caused a pandemic in 2003. The information was sent to China's national CDC in an internal document. From January 6 to January 17, CCP officials reported zero new cases. In the 11-day period the Communist authorities in Wuhan City and Hubei Province held their most important annual political meetings. Over 2,000 “representatives of the people” gathered to discuss the “amazing achievements of 2019” and how 2020 will be “a tremendous and promising year.” There was little mention of the coronavirus. On January 14 the [[World Health Organization]] [[tweet]]ed,
{{Quotebox-float|"Preliminary investigations conducted by the Chinese authorities have found no clear evidence of human-to-human transmission of the novel #coronavirus (2019-nCoV) identified in #Wuhan #China<ref>https://dailycaller.com/2020/03/18/flashback-who-china-coronavirus-contagious/</ref>}}
The same day, a group of [[Hong Kong]] journalists accompanied Hong Kong experts who were invited to conduct research on the virus outbreak. The reporters were later detained by Chinese Security Police, who photographed their reporter IDs and asked them to delete all footage taken inside hospitals.At this same time, a post on the Chinese [[social media]] site Weibo said a person's dad was confirmed to have viral pneumonia. But the Xiehe Hospital in Wuhan refused to admit the father due to a shortage of hospital beds. Another netizen posted that his entire family was infected. They went to the Tongji Hospital in Wuhan and saw that “there were so many patients that some had to lie on the floor of the corridor.” His father was also sent home to self-quarantine because there weren't enough hospital beds. The post was later deleted. So were all other posts in the user's account.<ref>https://www.ntd.com/a-timeline-of-events-leading-up-to-the-coronavirus-outbreak-in-china_442592.html</ref> That was the week Wuhan authorities didn't report a single confirmed or suspected case.

From January 12 to 16, an estimated 3 million passengers left Wuhan by train over the Chinese New Year holiday to visit family and friends in other cities in China. On January 17, 2020, Wuhan's tourism bureau issued over 200,000 free tourism tickets. It was an effort to entice people to visit the city so they could experience the “Chinese style and warm sentiments of Wuhan.” On January 18, Baibuting, a populous district in Wuhan, held an annual banquet to celebrate the Lunar New Year holiday. Three days before, staff from the neighborhood committee who were concerned about the outbreak asked if they could cancel the banquet, but communist officials denied the request. Over 40,000 families attended the banquet. Local communist apparatchiks ordered labs to stop testing for the virus and destroy the existing samples.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MRagZsnEc2Q&feature=youtu.be</ref>

World Health Organization (WHO) boss [[Tadros Adhanom]] was a leader in [[Ethiopia]]'s Tigray People's Liberation Front, a wing of the ruling [[Marxist]] Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front. Adhanom served the repressive regime as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2012 to 2016 after a stint as Health Minister. As a candidate for the top post, ''The New York Times'' accused Tad Adhanom of covering up at least three [[epidemic]]s.<ref>http://archive.is/9B2Zy</ref>

The Communist regime did not allow the WHO into China until February 10, 2020 - more than two months after the first cases were observed.
<ref>https://www.cnn.com/2020/02/10/asia/wuhan-coronavirus-update-intl-hnk/index.html</ref>

Researchers have identified a "tipping point" at which the virus goes from dangerous to deadly in extremely susceptible patients. A WHO report written 18 days later based on observation in China stated that 80% of infections ("mild cases") can self-isolate, 13% require hospitalization, and 6% require intensive care. While many patients experience nothing more than a mild cold, one in seven patients develops difficulty breathing and other "severe" complications, while 6% become critically ill and require hospitalization to stabilize their condition, risking death if they can't receive the highest level of care.<ref>https://www.zerohedge.com/geopolitical/scientists-warn-about-dangerous-tipping-point-where-covid-19-goes-mild-deadly</ref> Some questions remain regarding whether the developed world has enough hospital beds available to treat cases requiring hospitalization. WHO said the coronavirus ''infection rate'' (as opposed to death rate) was thought to be the same as the flu when the virus was only known in China but has since been found to be ''two to three times that infectious''.<ref>https://www.investmentwatchblog.com/who-raises-death-rate-and-risk-of-coronavirus-one-expert-declares-wwii/</ref>

Tad Adhamon criticized travel bans to and from China, saying, "There is no reason for measures that unnecessarily interfere with international travel and trade." The WHO was not allowed into China until February 10, 2020, more than two months after the virus was first discovered. Adhanom praised the CCP's response: "We appreciate the seriousness with which China is taking this outbreak, especially the commitment from top leadership and the transparency they have demonstrated," and "China is actually setting a new standard for outbreak response." Film clips of Adhanom are shown on Chinese television saying, "China took action massively at the epicenter at the source of the outbreak. This is heroic. The actions of China is making us safer."

Peter Humphrey, a British investigator who was jailed in China in 2013, had been drugged, chained to a chair, locked in a cage and made to read out a statement written by the police in front of cameras. The anchor who presented the footage, James Chao, is now a goodwill ambassador with the World Health Organization.

The World Health Organization is horribly corrupt. An audit revealed a surge in internal corruption allegations across the whole of the organization with the detection of multiple schemes aimed at defrauding large sums of money from the international body, overwhelming an internal team of full-time investigators. An ''[[Associated Press]]'' expose in 2017 found that nearly half of the WHO two billion dollar budget went to first-class airfare and five-star hotels. The United States is the largest contributor. US taxpayers fund about a quarter of the WHO budget. The WHO is working with [[Google]] to ensure that people get information from the [[UN]] health agency first when they search for information about the virus.

====Dr. Li's exoneration and death====
On January 20, [[President Xi]] finally acknowledged the crisis.<ref>https://thecritic.co.uk/the-coronavirus-cover-up/</ref> On January 23, the entire city of Wuhan, 11 million people, was put on lockdown. By the end of the month, 50 million Chinese were on lockdown. On January 28, the Supreme Court of the Communist Party of China issued a statement that Dr. Li and the other "rumor makers" had been "rectified", but it was too late.

On the evening of February 6, Dr. Li died. The news quickly aroused strong attention and condemnation. However, Wuhan Central Hospital later issued a microblog saying that Li Wenliang was in critical condition and doctors were working to save his life. Several insiders and doctors disclosed on social media that in the process, the authorities faced public indignation and ordered a series of attempts at resuscitation, but to no avail. A few hours later, the news of Li Wenliang's death was released again and detonated on WeChat and Weibo. By 6 a.m. local time, the keywords " Dr. Li Wenliang's death " and "Li Wenliang's death" ranked high on the Weibo topic list, with a total of 670 million views and 737,000 discussions.<ref>https://www.ntdtv.com/gb/2020/02/07/a102771379.html</ref> Before the end of the day, news of Dr. Li's death had over 1.5 billion views on Weibo.<ref>https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/coronavirus-chinese-public-mourns-rages-over-death-of-doctor-who-raised-early-alarm</ref> An announcement on NTD of Dr. Li's death read:
{{quotebox| [NTD Beijing, February 07, 2020] Dr. Wenliang Li, who first announced Wuhan pneumonia, died at the age of 34 on the evening of the 6th due to improper treatment of a new coronavirus infection. His death ignited a new wave of angry tsunami among the public over the CCP's concealment. After Li Wenliang's death was exposed on the [[Internet]], the authorities, under pressure from public opinion, pretended to rescue the whole person, and performed 3 hours of chest compressions and electric shocks on the dead Li Wenliang, causing his ribs to be completely broken and beyond recognition . 

On February 7th, an independent economist, "Financial Cold Eye" (@charles984681), tweeted that the hospital director was afraid that Li Wenliang's death would lead to public outrage. After 3 hours of death, he was continuously subjected to CPR, which is the shock of cardiac resuscitation. It usually takes only a few minutes. After three hours, Li Wenliang's ribs were completely broken and beyond recognition. Tweeted that
*"Dr. Li was wronged alive, and he was abused after his death! With the worst of malice, I can't imagine how despicable this devil behavior is." 

In this regard, many netizens have commented: 
*"Too evil!" 
*"Under the autocratic system, the people of Li Min are nothing but the servants of the nobles." 
*"It is most likely a premeditated murder. This person has become a serious trouble for the nobles!" 

In addition, many network screenshots showed that Li Wenliang's treatment was extremely inadequate and timely, and the hospital director was under pressure. Li Wenliang was the worst one among the eight. Li Wenliang's lung film, all white! I never thought about letting him live! This man will be regarded as a hero in the United States! He was killed directly in the CCP! His wife’s unborn child was also hit!

It is reported that Li Wenliang stopped his heartbeat at 9:30 and was intubated 20 minutes later. Finally, he went to ECMO (artificial lung) for a symbolic rescue to calm the anger of hundreds of millions of netizens. CCP officials have been rebuked as "political rescue."....

There was a regret on the Internet that "the hero is gone", and lamented, angered, and rebuked the CCP "this regime has committed [[crimes against humanity]]!"

*"Burning !!! Doctor Li Wenliang died at the age of 34, leaving his wife and unborn child. Wuhan government, Hubei government, don't you give an explanation? Without heart, as human beings, the TAs are just humans! See At the time of this news, do you have any trace of guilt and regret for those "killers" who indirectly kill people? "

*"This time, the doctor who first warned the Chinese and the world and informed you of the epidemic was sacrificed today. He is Li Wenliang. After the epidemic was announced, he and several other doctors were arrested by the public security ... With the incident exposed, the Chinese government must Do n’t apologize. The official said it was because of the infection, and we have reason to suspect how he died? "

Password of the Propaganda Department of the Communist Party of China

It is said that the magnitude of the rebound [public reaction] has unexpectedly surprised the CCP, and the CCP propaganda department has issued a password.

Independent economist Qin Peng tweeted that the official propaganda requirements of the CCP came out as soon as possible.

*"Regarding the death of Dr. Li Wenliang of Wuhan Central Hospital, we must strictly standardize the source [control the narrative] of the manuscript. We are strictly forbidden to use media reports to report without permission. We must not pop-up the window, do not comment or speculate. Search and strictly control harmful information."

Qin Peng said that if it were not for the life-threatening plague, how many Chinese people could not imagine the evil of the Chinese Communist Party!<ref>https://www.reddit.com/r/China_Flu/comments/f0pmw8/rumored_dr_li_wenliangs_ribs_were_completely/</ref> }}

===Illegal bioweapon Gain of Function research in Wuhan===
:{{See also|Gain of function}}
One theory that has recently been postulated is that the coronavirus may be linked to Chinese bio-weapons research.<ref>https://ktrh.iheart.com/content/2020-01-24-virus-hit-wuhan-has-two-laboratories-linked-to-chinese-bio-warfare-program/?pname=local_social&keyid=KTRH&sc=editorial</ref> The city of Wuhan, where the virus originated, has the Wuhan Institute of Virology, where "''...it was reported to have studied coronaviruses in the past, including the strain that causes Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, or SARS, the H5N1 influenza virus, Japanese encephalitis, and dengue''".<ref>http://www.tibetanreview.net/did-the-wuhan-virus-escape-from-chinas-bio-weapons-lab/</ref> A second facility nearby, Wuhan Institute of Biological Products, is also listed as one of eight research facilities under the 1985 Biological Weapons Convention, of which China is a signatory.

Dr Francis Boyle is an eminent professor of international law at the University of Illinois College of Law in the U.S. In an explosive interview with Geopolitics and Empire, Dr Boyle, who drafted the Biological Weapons Act, gave a detailed statement on how the 2019 Wuhan Coronavirus is an offensive biological warfare weapon and that the World Health Organization (WHO) already knew about it.<ref>https://greatgameindia.com/dr-francis-boyle-creator-of-bioweapons-act-says-coronavirus-is-biological-warfare-weapon/</ref>

The State Department issued a report in 2019 stating "Information indicates that the People’s Republic of China engaged during the reporting period in biological activities with potential dual-use applications, which raises concerns regarding its compliance with the BWC."''<ref>https://www.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Compliance-Report-2019-August-19-Unclassified-Final.pdf</ref> For its part, China has stated that it does not engage in bio-weapons engineering,<ref>https://www.nti.org/learn/countries/china/biological/</ref> despite discussion of bio and genetic weapons at the highest levels of the Chinese military,<ref>https://jamestown.org/program/chinas-military-biotech-frontier-crispr-military-civil-fusion-and-the-new-revolution-in-military-affairs/</ref> as well as a "white paper" drafted in 2001 which stressed ''"...in order to strengthen the effectiveness of the BWC, a necessary verification mechanism should be established".<ref>https://media.nti.org/pdfs/5a_1.pdf</ref>

[[India]]n researchers have found [[HIV]]-derived inserts in the coronavirus [[genome]] that compound the infectious potential and greatly bolster the argument that this virus was developed as a bioterror weapon. A 2016 Worldwide Threat Assessment by [[John Brennan]] and the US [[Intelligence Community]] lists China as a major potential “terror actor” and genome editing as a major terror risk.<ref>https://www.paulcraigroberts.org/2020/02/01/coronavirus-the-plot-thickens/</ref>


====Dr. Anthony Fauci and the NIAID====
As head of the NIAID, [[Dr. Anthony Fauci]] doles out millions of dollars in research grants. Fauci approved a grant for gain of function research to the Wuhan Institute of Virology (WIV). The grant was not approved by a mandatory oversight board.<ref>Also known as P3CO or Potential Pandemic Preparedness Care and Oversight. https://www.nationalreview.com/news/hhs-board-never-approved-wuhan-institute-of-virology-research-grant/</ref>

Fauci was informed on February 1, 2020, that the COVID-19 virus was a bioweapon manufactured in the WIV laboratory. As the nation's top health advisor, Fauci did not inform the president of the United States, nor anyone in the [[Department of Health and Human Services]] or the Center for Disease Control. Fauci's initial reaction was to cover up the fact that he had funded the research that produced the virus,<ref>https://thefederalist.com/2021/06/03/fauci-email-dump-illustrates-a-dismissive-physician-who-rose-to-fame-to-cover-his-own-scandal/</ref> and the fact that the research had not been approved by the oversight board. Fauci arranged a teleconference with 11 virologists who were recipients of grant money from Fauci outside of government, who then, in turn, issued papers and statements denying that the virus originated in a laboratory.<ref>https://thefederalist.com/2021/07/14/dr-faucis-emails-tell-the-story-of-panic-lies-and-a-possible-cover-up/</ref>

[[File:Covid 19 bioweapon.PNG|right|350px|thumb|Leaked Chinese document.]]
====Peoples Liberation Army====

According to leaked documents, COVID-19 was created in a laboratory by the Chinese [[People's Liberation Army]] and fine-tuned as a bioweapon. It was specifically designed to be highly contagious, but often [[asymptomatic]], have low lethality, but produce uncontrollable variants and possess characteristics providing [[plausible deniability]] as a [[bioweapon]].

According to [[Chinese military doctrine]], such bioweapons are used prior to a declaration of war for political or international strategic needs, where the use of which can be denied. The intent, according to leaked documents, being: "Even if the academic evidence, virological evidence, and animal experiment data could possibly prove (that the virus comes from the lab), we can just deny it, stop (investigation), suppress (scholars), make sure the international organizations and honest people’s work is futile.”

A fully formed sample of COVID-19 was ready for testing in early 2019, while a parallel [[vaccine]] program was underway.

Scientists from the Wuhan Institute of Virology were chosen to participate in non-human primate (monkeys) transmission testing, simulated coronavirus release and response exercises such as at Wuhan's Tianhe airport in September 2019 and an actual test release of COVID-19 at the 2019 Military World Games from October 18–27, 2019.<ref>https://ccnationalsecurity.org/more-evidence-leaked-from-china-on-the-deliberate-release-of-covid-19-by-the-chinese-military/</ref>

===Early cover story===
:{{See also|CCP propaganda war}}On January 23, 2020, the Wuhan virus exploded. While Wuhan announced the lockdown of the city, Dr. [[Shi Zhengli]] of the Wuhan Institute of Virology, who had isolated the bat virus, spliced it, and made it transmissible to humans, provided the official Chinese communist cover story that the virus arose in nature. Shi published a paper in the authoritative science journal, ''Nature,'' on February 3, 2020, stating that the Wuhan coronavirus was of probable bat origin.<ref>https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2012-7</ref> The paper indicated that the Wuhan virus utilized the same key as SARS to gain entry into the human body. She also announced the 2019-nCoV genome sequence was 96.2% consistent with a bat coronavirus originating in [[Yunnan]], China, called RaTG13, signaling a natural source of the Wuhan virus.<ref>https://www.breitbart.com/asia/2020/02/24/study-china-lied-wuhan-virus-did-not-originate-in-meat-market/</ref>

The ''Washington Post'' picked up the Chinese fake news [[narrative]] and indicated "The trigger point for the current coronavirus remains unclear, but [[China]] has linked the outbreak to the Huanan Seafood Market in Wuhan, which despite its name also appeared to be selling live cats and dogs, wild chickens, snakes and marmots."<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/coronavirus-outbreak-underscores-potential-health-risks-in-chinas-wild-animal-trade/2020/01/25/5f5353be-3f6f-11ea-971f-4ce4f94494b4_story.html Coronavirus outbreak underscores potential health risks in China’s wild animal trade], ''Washington Post'', 2020</ref> CNN reported concerning China: "Vendors in small city markets often sell wild animals including rodents, yak, snakes and even porcupines, and experts say that makes them far more dangerous. The meat could contain deadly pathogens like the coronavirus."<ref>[https://www.cnn.com/2020/01/27/world/coronavirus-china-bans-wildlife-trade-trnd/index.html Chinese officials crack down on wildlife markets as coronavirus outbreak nears 3,000 cases]</ref>

"Wet market" refers to the blood of animals slain on the spot. The first case can be traced back to November 17, 2019, and the first death on December 9, 2019. Some cases were rumored among stallholders from the Wuhan South China Seafood Market in early December but hushed up by Chinese authorities.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VBxZ1XIYmGc&feature=push-prem-sub&attr_tag=Pi2j7UuDGqgDAixI%3A6</ref> This market is said to have sold processed meats and live animals, including chickens, donkeys, sheep, pigs, foxes, badgers, bamboo rats, hedgehogs, and snakes.<ref>"[https://www.businessinsider.com/wuhan-coronavirus-chinese-wet-market-photos-2020-1#the-huanan-wholesale-seafood-market-in-wuhan-closed-on-january-1-after-it-was-found-to-be-the-most-likely-starting-point-for-the-outbreak-of-this-coronavirus-called-2019-ncov-1 The outbreaks of both the Wuhan coronavirus and SARS likely started in Chinese wet markets. Photos show what the markets look like.]", ''Business Insider''</ref>

CNN kept the ball rolling for Chinese propagandists reporting that previous coronavirus outbreaks include SARS-CoV in 2002-2003 and MERS-CoV in 2012. Both of these strains originated in bats. SARS was transferred to humans through a masked palm civet, presumably in a Chinese wet market. MERS was transferred through a camel in Saudi Arabia. The protein codes in the Wuhan virus are most similar to those found in snakes, so it is possible that the virus jumped to humans from a snake. Snakes often hunt bats for food, but disease rarely transmits from a warm-blooded animal to a cold-blooded animal.<ref>"[https://edition.cnn.com/2020/01/22/health/snakes-wuhan-coronavirus-outbreak-conversation-partner/index.html Snakes could be the source of the Wuhan coronavirus outbreak]," CNN, January 24, 2020.</ref>

== Blood-clotting ==

COVID-19 has reportedly caused increased blood clotting, which can cause strokes or heart attacks.<ref>https://www.inquirer.com/health/coronavirus/covid19-stroke-blood-clots-prevent-blood-thinners-virtua-troy-randle-trial-pitt-20210104.html</ref> This can also be a rare side-effect from the COVID-19 vaccine.<ref>[https://www.yalemedicine.org/news/coronavirus-vaccine-blood-clots Kathy Katella, "The Link Between J&J’s COVID Vaccine and Blood Clots: What You Need to Know". December 17, 2021. Yale Medicine online]</ref><ref>[https://www.theepochtimes.com/health/health-care-workers-speak-out-on-why-they-would-rather-lose-their-jobs-than-take-a-covid-19-vaccine-4065164 Enrico Trigoso, "Health Care Workers Speak Out on Why They Would Rather Lose Their Jobs Than Take a COVID-19 Vaccine". October 28, 2021. The Epoch Times]</ref><ref>[https://www.theepochtimes.com/world/covid-19-vaccine-possibly-linked-to-rare-blood-clots-eu-agency-3765935 Jack Phillips, "COVID-19 Vaccine ‘Possibly’ Linked to Rare Blood Clots: EU Agency". April 7, 2021. The Epoch Times]</ref><ref>[https://www.theepochtimes.com/article/european-regulator-probing-possible-link-between-blood-clots-and-jj-covid-19-vaccine-3769199 Zachary Stieber, "European Regulator Probing Possible Link Between Blood Clots and J&J COVID-19 Vaccine". April 10, 2021. The Epoch Times]</ref><ref>[https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(21)01608-1/fulltext Richard J. Perry PhD, "Cerebral venous thrombosis after vaccination against COVID-19 in the UK: a multicentre cohort study". September 25, 2021. The Lancet]</ref>

== COVID and diabetes ==
"[[Diabetes]] (type 1 and type 2) is one of the major co-morbidities associated with the development of severe COVID-19-related adverse outcomes and mortality."<ref>[https://www.diabetes.ca/DiabetesCanadaWebsite/media/Campaigns/COVID-19%20and%20Diabetes/Relationship-between-Diabetes-and-COVID-LH-June-2021.pdf Diabetes Canada]</ref>

== Islamic "Palestinian" theory ==
In Nov 2021, [[Palestinian]] leader [[Mahmoud Abbas]]’ advisor: Allah is punishing the world ['all of humanity'] with COVID for ignoring the Palestinian plight<ref>Nan Jacques Zilberdik, "[https://palwatch.org/page/29700 Abbas’ Advisor: Allah is punishing world with COVID for ignoring Palestinian plight],"
PMW, Dec 17, 2021.<blockquote>
PA libel: Israel “exported” Coronavirus to the PA
Israel “used the virus as a new weapon” to destroy the PA.
Abbas’ advisor: “Allah is liable to bring down punishment on everyone, on all the people who are silent facing injustice, agree with injustice, and defend the oppressors… I think that today we are seeing the realization of this… '''All of humanity'''… is being included in one punishment, in this disaster [of the Coronavirus]… Is there a greater injustice than the injustice directed against us?</blockquote></ref>
== Biden's "achievement" ==
Biden's LIE OF THE YEAR 2021: ‘I Will Shut Down The Virus.’ Not a fun fact, however: the grim milestone: Biden's COVID-19 death count passes 400K.<ref>Andrew Stiles, [https://freebeacon.com/?p=1551060 LIE OF THE THE YEAR: ‘I Will Shut Down The Virus’], Washington Free Beacon, December 23, 2021.
<blockquote>
Biden's COVID-19 death count passes 400K.

More than 400,000 Americans have died from COVID-19 since President Joe Biden took office.
Biden achieved the grim milestone despite repeatedly telling the American people that electing him president was the only way to "shut down the virus." That turned out to be an egregious lie.

The Washington Free Beacon projects that Biden's COVID-19 death toll will exceed that of his predecessor (408,450) by the end of the year, and will reach approximately 420,069 by the time he delivers his first State of the Union address.</blockquote></ref>

== COVID, China, 2022-3 ==

In Mar 2022, there was a massive outbreak of COVID in [[China]]. Report:<ref>[https://abc7.com/covid-china-locks-down-9-million-lockdown-outbreak/11650602/ China orders 51 million into lockdown amid worst COVID outbreak since early 2020], ''ABC News'', Mar 14, 2022</ref> ''China orders 51 million into lockdown amid worst COVID outbreak since early 2020.''

Jan 2023, as COVID surges in China, US begins testing more travelers<ref>[https://www.breitbart.com/news/as-covid-surges-in-china-us-begins-testing-more-travelers/ As COVID surges in China, US begins testing more travelers], ''AP'' via ''Breitbart'', Jan 5, 2023</ref>

== Misinformation ==

=== Natural Immunity ===

In October 2021 CNN's Chief Medical Correspondent, Sanjay Gupta, claimed on air that a study showed that those with natural immunity were twice as likely to get infected than those who have been vaccinated.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rYZTN5NkxmQ&t=512s Watch Dr. Sanjay Gupta go one-on-one with podcaster Joe Rogan], ''CNN'', Oct 14, 2021</ref> This appears to be based on a misleading headline on a [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|CDC]] release, which was titled "New CDC Study: Vaccination Offers Higher Protection than Previous COVID-19 Infection.<ref>[https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2021/s0806-vaccination-protection.html New CDC Study: Vaccination Offers Higher Protection than Previous COVID-19 Infection], ''CDC'', Aug 6, 2021</ref> The focus of the study, however, was the risk of reinfection. Thus every participant had natural immunity.<ref>[https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7032e1.htm Reduced Risk of Reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 After COVID-19 Vaccination — Kentucky, May–June 2021], ''CDC'', Aug 13, 2021</ref> Natural immunity provides greater protection against COVID than vaccination.<ref>[https://www.politifact.com/factchecks/2021/sep/15/ron-desantis/fact-checking-desantis-covid-19-natural-immunity/ People who “have recovered (from COVID-19) have very strong immunity.”], ''Politifact'', Sept 13, 2021</ref>

=== Vaccine Efficacy ===
During a CNN town hall in July 2021, President Joe Biden claimed that "You're not going to get COVID if you have these vaccinations." He also claimed that "If you're vaccinated, you're not going to be hospitalized, you're not going to be in the ICU unit, and you're not going to die". These claims were false.<ref>[https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/biden-if-vaccinated-wont-get-covid/ Did Biden Say You Won't Get COVID if You're Vaccinated?], ''Snopes'', Nov 8, 2021</ref> The initial clinical trials showed no reduction in deaths<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WFph7-6t34M&t=15546s Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee – 9/17/2021], ''U.S. Food and Drug Administration'', Sept 17, 2021</ref> and in March 2022, an average of 261 fully vaccinated people died of COVID each week according to [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|CDC]] data.<ref>[https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-to-compare-covid-deaths-for-vaccinated-and-unvaccinated-people/ How to Compare COVID Deaths for Vaccinated and Unvaccinated People], ''Scientific America'', June 7, 2022</ref>

[[Anthony_Fauci | Dr. Anthony Fauci]], head of the NIAID and chief medical advisor to President Joe Biden, claimed in May of 2021 that it's unlikely for vaccinated people to spread the virus when breakout infections occur and that the viral load is much smaller in a vaccinated individual<ref>[https://www.cbsnews.com/news/transcript-dr-anthony-fauci-face-the-nation-05-16-2021/ Face The Nation Transcript: Dr. Anthony Fauci on "Face the Nation," May 16, 2021], ''CBS News'', May 16, 2021</ref><ref>[https://www.msnbc.com/all-in/watch/dr-fauci-confirms-extremely-low-risk-of-transmission-and-infection-for-vaccinated-112213061906 Masks off? Fauci confirms 'extremaly low' risk of transmission, infection for vaccinated], ''MSNBC'', May 17, 2021</ref>. These claims were false. In July of 2021 Fauci had to admit that the viral loads between the vaccinated and unvaccinated were identical and vaccinated individuals were more than capable of spreading the virus<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=mP9iHyj1uiU Dr. Fauci on COVID-19 spread: Vaccinated people who have an... infection are capable of transmitting], ''Yahoo Finance'', July 30, 2021</ref>.

=== Hospitalizations ===
False COVID-19 hospitalization numbers were reported by the CDC and amplified by the U.S. media. Rather than reporting the number of people hospitalized for COVID-19, they reported numbers of all people hospitalized for any reason that tested positive for COVID-19, even if they were asymptomatic.<ref>[https://news.yahoo.com/defining-covid-hospitalization-numbers-235039871.html Defining Covid hospitalization numbers], ''yahoo News'', Jan 9, 2022</ref>

=== Deaths ===
Similar to hospitalizations, the CDC reported inflated numbers of COVID-19 deaths. Those who died while COVID-positive, but died from unrelated causes were included in the COVID-19 death count.<ref>[https://twitter.com/kevinnbass/status/1681101810831093760 Kevin Bass PhD MS], July 17, 2023</ref>. Only 6% of COVID-19 deaths were from COVID-19 alone.<ref>[https://fox8.com/news/coronavirus/new-cdc-report-shows-94-of-covid-19-deaths-in-us-had-underlying-medical-conditions/ New CDC report shows 94% of COVID-19 deaths in US had contributing conditions], ''Fox 8'', Aug 30, 2020</ref>. The CDC illegally changed counting guidelines for counting COVID-19 deaths. The previous counting method remained un-updated for 17 years and remained in effect for all causes of deaths other than COVID-19. The new counting standards resulted in a substantial increase in COVID-19 deaths according to a study published in the Journal of Science, Public Health Policy, and Law.<ref>[https://www.theepochtimes.com/article/peer-reviewed-study-claims-cdc-skewed-ccp-virus-fatalities-upward-3741614 CDC Skewed CCP Virus Fatalities Higher, Peer-Reviewed Study Claims], ''The Epoch Times'', March 19, 2021</ref> It has been estimated that COVID-19 was as deadly as a bad flu season -- twice as bad at worst.<ref>[https://peckford42.wordpress.com/2021/03/09/covid-is-not-a-hoax-but-the-numbers-are-a-look-at-the-first-flu-season-with-covid COVID is not a hoax, but the numbers are: A look at the first flu season with COVID], ''Brian Peckford'', March 19, 2021</ref>

== See also ==
*[[Operation Warp Speed]]
*[[The Great Barrington Declaration]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Coronavirus}}
{{Deep State}}
[[Category:Coronavirus]]

CJ Stroud

2026-10-13T02:42:19Z

RoadtoEmmaus: Remove duplicate period after closing quotation mark

{{See also|Mystery:Does God Have a Sense of Humor?}}
'''CJ Stroud''' is a phenomenal young [[NFL]] [[QB]] who shattered many records in 2023 and early 2024 (playoffs) as a rookie, playing for the [[Houston Texans]] while outspokenly [[evangelism|evangelizing]] for [[Jesus Christ]]. Previously, as a star college player at [[Ohio State]], he was photographed kneeling in prayer on the field.<ref>https://www.cleveland.com/buckeye-talk-podcast/2022/04/cj-stroud-spent-two-years-mastering-the-roller-coaster-that-is-being-ohio-state-footballs-qb1.html</ref> the "J" in his nickname "CJ" is unexplained, which looks like "JC" for "[[Jesus Christ]]" in reverse, and his last name is merely one letter from "Shroud" as in the [[Shroud of Turin]]. [[Paul]] often used the phrase "Christ Jesus" in addition to writing "Jesus Christ."

He grew up in a family impoverished by the 38-year incarceration of his father under [[California]]'s brutal Three Strikes and You're Out Law.<ref>https://lao.ca.gov/analysis_1995/3strikes.html</ref> CJ's home with his mother and siblings was a cramped apartment above a storage facility, and was reportedly even nearly or actually homeless for a time. CJ was quoted as saying about his father:
{{cquote|When I talk to him now, I don’t hold any ill will. I told him, ‘I love you.’ He made his mistakes. I’ve made mine. It’s not about the bad.<ref name="EssentiallySports">https://www.essentiallysports.com/nfl-active-news-who-are-cj-strouds-parents-texans-qbs-changing-equation-with-pastor-dad-childhood-struggles/</ref>}}

When he led his underdog team to clinch a playoff berth, he was interviewed about it and said:
{{cquote|I can’t do nothing just thank my [[Lord]] to save [[Jesus Christ]] man.<ref>https://twitter.com/_MLFootball/status/1743855174760698087</ref>}}
When CJ earned money under the [[NIL]] program as a college star at Ohio State, he bought his mother a four-bedroom home.<ref name="EssentiallySports"/> He was subsequently picked as the #2 overall choice in the 2022 draft.

== References ==
{{reflist}}
[[category:National Football League]]
[[category:NFL]]

British Empire

2026-10-13T02:42:18Z

RoadtoEmmaus: Remove duplicate period after closing quotation mark

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The '''British Empire''' was a global empire acquired and ruled by the [[Kingdom of Great Britain]] (or, from 1801, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, called "Great Britain" or "Britain" in historical studies). After 1945, the Empire collapsed and most former colonies joined the loosely organized "British Commonwealth," and many—including Canada and Australia—kept the monarch as their nominal head of state.

At its peak in 1921, the Empire contained a quarter of the world's land area (with emphasis on Australia and Canada) and more than a fourth of the world's population (with emphasis on India). Imperialists often boasted, "The sun never set on the British Empire," for it included parts of every continent. The Empire was held together by a highly professional bureaucracy based in London, and by the world's most powerful navy, the Royal Navy, which enlarged its power by creating naval bases and coaling stations in many of the colonies. It was the largest seaborne empire in history, and the largest in terms of land area (though the Mongol Empire was the largest in terms of contiguous — unbroken by sea — land area).<ref>http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_was_the_largest_empire_in_history</ref>
During the time of the British Empire, around $45 trillion was looted from [[India]] alone, over a period of 200 years.<ref>https://www.businesstoday.in/current/economy-politics/this-economist-says-britain-took-away-usd-45-trillion-from-india-in-173-years/story/292352.html</ref> Additionally, the British perpetrated atrocities against many others such as the Boer people of South Africa during the Second Boer War (1899–1902) and Kenyans during the Mau Mau Uprising (1951–1960).<ref>https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/worst-atrocities-british-empire-amritsar-boer-war-concentration-camp-mau-mau-a6821756.html</ref> When [[PragerU]] defended the British Empire,<ref>https://www.prageru.com/video/if-you-live-in-freedom-thank-the-british-empire/</ref> they were debunked by various other channels, including the "Sham Sharma Show", a conservative YouTube channel.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HFMG1vmVkTo</ref><ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vtNLVPxR67U</ref><ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HurC8aTsVCE</ref>

==History==
Its origins can be dated to the English discovery of [[Newfoundland]] in 1493; its voluntary end began in 1947 (when [[India]] was granted independence), and the British Empire peaked in the 1960s (when Britain withdrew from most of its remaining colonies). The last stages came as recently as 1997 (when [[Hong Kong]], the last major colony, was returned to [[China|Chinese]] rule).

The European powers after 1500 had national governments with centralized military and navy power, financial resources, religious impulses and military technology. Some of them—Portugal, Spain, England, France, and the Netherlands especially, wanted overseas colonies to bolster their economic, religious and political ambitions, and provide an outlet for the energies of ambitious young men. England (later Britain with Scotland after 1703) was the most successful because it resisted the ambitions of Spain and, in a series of wars in the 18th century, defeated France in North America and India.

In the long-run, the success of the British Empire depended on an economic system that had stable money and encouraged trade and entrepreneurship, a strong navy that guaranteed protection for all the colonies (none was ever captured by an enemy), and a legal system that was stable, fair and lacking in petty corruption or bribery.

==Settlement==
Millions of British people migrated and settled some of the Empire—especially the [[Colonial America|13 American colonies]], Canada (and Newfoundland), Australia, New Zealand and (in part) South Africa. Some settlers came as prisoners, especially to Australia. Others came as slaves, especially to the West Indies and the 13 American colonies.
[[Image:B-Emp-1763.jpg|thumb|375px]]

In the rest of the Empire Britain sent in soldiers, administrators, businessmen and missionaries on temporary duty, as in India and Africa, along with a relatively small number of permanent settlers.
===First efforts, 1497-1640===
Portugal and Spain built the first empires, based on the wealth of Brazil and Mexico and Peru. England was allied with Portugal, but was a foe of Spain, a much larger country with a stronger navy in the century after Columbus. The English responded as predators, raiding and seizing Spanish ships, under the cover of "privateering" authorized by the government. Spain in 1588 sent a major fleet (the Armada) to conquer England, but it was destroyed by storms, and Spain lost its superiority at sea. England set out small expeditions to claim land (such as [[Newfoundland]], settled in 1610) and set up bases to raid the Spanish main. Most of the early efforts were of small scale, and failed, such as the "Lost Colony of Roanoke" (1585–87), where a hundred settlers in North Carolina simply vanished. Scotland attempted a vast colony in Darien, the Panama region of Central America; it was a total failure.
===13 American colonies===
The small settlement at [[Jamestown]] miraculously survived and once the value of native tobacco was appreciated, it became the nucleus for the highly successful colony of [[Virginia]]. In 1619 the Virginians set up an elected legislative assembly, the House of Burgesses, which is now the state legislature. It was the first distinctively American local government and became the model for other colonies. Religion motivated some 30,000 [[Puritans]], a community-oriented, modernizing group that settled Massachusetts and Connecticut in the 1630s, and created the [[Yankee]] model of being American.

The main colonies were created by the English, but one was captured. The English captured the Dutch colony of [[New Amsterdam]] in 1664 and renamed it New York; the Dutch settlers remained and the rich poltroons had huge estates along the Hudson River.

Each of the 13 American colonies was different, but typically a colony was ruled by a governor appointed from London who controlled the executive administration and relied upon a locally elected legislature to vote taxes and make laws. By the 18th century, the American colonies were growing very rapidly because of ample supplies of land and food, and low death rates. They were richer than most parts of Britain, and attracted a steady flow of immigrants, especially teenagers who came as indentured servants. The tobacco and rice plantations imported black slaves from the British colonies in the West Indies, and by the 1770s they comprised a fifth of the American population. The question of independence from Britain did not arise as long as the colonies needed British military support against French and Spanish power, for a series of major wars made welcome the protection afforded by the Royal Navy. London regarded the American colonies as existing merely for the benefit of the mother country. The Americans developed their own legal and political traditions, focused on self-government with elected legislatures and, in New England, elected town officials. They developed a political philosophy of [[Republicanism]] to justify their system, which had no aristocrats. The British threat to American self-government was the cause of the [[American Revolution]], where fighting lasted 1775-1781.

==Second British Empire==
[[File:Empire1815.jpg|thumb|350px|Start of the Second British Empire, 1815]]
After the loss of the American colonies in 1776, the British painstakingly rebuilt a new "Second British Empire." They kept their small but valuable slave-islands in the Caribbean (which produced sugar), grew Canada, and conquered the major part of India and nearby areas. [[Egypt]] was taken over in the 1880s, although nominally it was still part of the [[Ottoman Empire]]. Australia and New Zealand were settled, and the new cities of [[Hong Kong]] and [[Singapore]] were created. By the late 19th century they added much of Africa. After World War I, former German colonies were added, as well as parts of the defunct Ottoman Empire, such as Palestine and Iraq.
==Economics==
After 1689 England created the world's first modern financial and banking system. The City of London, where finance is still based, became the financier to the world, providing short-term credit for trade and long-term credit for investment. By 1810 Britain also had its [[Industrial Revolution]], which produced a flow of high-quality, low-cost textiles, machines, and other products that could be sold worldwide. As the leading force in finance and manufacturing, and as the world's dominant naval power, Britain could easily expand across the globe, and did so. In general, in Latin America and China the expansion did not involve colonies.<ref>The British set up a new colony in Hong Kong that became its base for expansion into the China market. Otherwise China remained independent. There were two small colonies on the mainland of Latin America, but they were not very important.</ref> In Africa and Asia new or enlarged colonies were the method used.

Britain's greatest exports were modernization of the economy, and fostering a [[cosmopolitan]] attitude toward government, business, law and civic duty, as opposed to local support for traditional rulers and customs. The Empire brought each colony a modern infrastructure, with new roads, railways, ports, banks, post offices and telegraph systems that any modern person could use. Cain and Hopkins (2001) argue that British imperialism was not a form of plunder that hurt the economies they took over; rather, it primarily modernized the territories it controlled.<ref>See Cain and Hopkins, ''British Imperialism'' (2001)</ref>

Imperial policy was set by London-based financial and mercantile interests. Gentlemanly capitalism was the nexus of landed, financial, and service elites that dominated politics and the economy in Britain and were the driving force behind imperial expansion. That is, "gentlemanly capitalists" in Britain set policy, while the dominions were run by a dependent and collaborating elite.<ref>Cain and Hopkins (2001); Dumett, 1999</ref>

==Culture of the Empire==
[[File:Screenshot 20-6-2026 153213.jpeg|eight|300px|thumb|]]
The Victorians saw themselves as the vanguard of Western civilization, as pioneers of industry and progress. They were confident in their ability to improve the human condition everywhere, and of their capacity to turn potential wealth into reality. Their formula was liberalism, that is the release of private enterprise from the dead hand of the state. They believed that unending social energy would flow from the interplay of free minds, free markets and Christian morality. The Victorian outlook, furthermore, was suffused with a vivid sense of moral superiority, religious mission and self-righteousness. Across the globe the Canningites and Palmerstonians worked endlessly to bring about conditions favouring commercial advance and liberal awakening. Since the 1970s, historians more attuned to the sensitivities of the colonized people have challenged the effectiveness of the imperialists.<ref>Ronald Robinson and John Gallagher with Alice Denny, ''Africa and the Victorians: The Climax of Imperialism'' (1968), pp 1-4</ref>

==1914==
In its heyday, the British Empire was the largest empire in history: by 1914, the eve of the [[First World War]], it spanned a quarter of the world's total land mass (though much of this consisted of vast, uninhabited areas of northern Canada and Australia). Its constituent parts included [[India]], [[Canada]], [[Australia]], [[New Zealand]], Malaya (now [[Malaysia]] and [[Singapore]]), [[South Africa]], [[Egypt]], [[Nigeria]], [[Kenya]], [[Uganda]] and [[Hong Kong]], inspiring the saying "the sun never sets on the British Empire." Although the Empire would not reach its peak size until after 1918, when it gained control of Germany's colonies and former Ottoman Mesopotamia and Palestine, 1914 represented the pinnacle of its military and economic power — the Great War left Britain's military, industry and finances too weak to meet its imperial responsibilities.

==Dissolution==

''See also:'' [[Collapse of the British Empire]] and [[Darwinism as one of the causes of the collapse of the British Empire]]

In its article ''How big was the British Empire and why did it collapse?'' the website The Week indicates about the ''collapse of the British Empire'':
{{Cquote|From India, further expansion was undertaken through Asia, and by 1913 the British Empire was the largest to have ever existed.
It covered around 25% of the world's land surface, including large swathes of North America, Australia, Africa and Asia, while other areas - especially in South America - were closely linked to the empire by trade, according to the National Archives.

As a result of its size, it became known as “the empire on which the sun never sets”.

It also oversaw around 412 million inhabitants, or around 23% of the world’s population at the time, writes the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development...

The campaigns it waged in Europe, Asia and Africa virtually bankrupted the UK and the subsequent debt it acquired severely comprised its economic independence; the foundation of the imperial system.

The Empire was overstretched and - combined with growing unrest in various colonies - this led to the swift and decisive fall of many of Britain’s key assets, some diplomatically, some violently.

In 1947 India became independent following a nonviolent civil-disobedience campaign spearheaded by Mahatma Gandhi. Britain had lost the jewel in its crown, and this kickstarted a domino effect across the Empire.

“Less than a year later, communist guerrillas launched a violent campaign aimed at forcing Britain from Malaya,” the Imperial War Museum writes.

“In the Middle East, Britain hurriedly abandoned Palestine in 1948. Ghana became Britain's first African colony to reach independence in 1957. By 1967 more than 20 British territories were independent.”

Little remains of British rule today across the globe, and it is mostly restricted to small island territories such as Bermuda and the Falkland Islands. However, a number of countries still have Queen Elizabeth as their head of state including New Zealand, Australia and Canada - a hangover of the Empire.<ref>[https://www.theweek.co.uk/tags/british-empire ''How big was the British Empire and why did it collapse?''], The Week</ref>}}

For more information, please see: [[Darwinism as one of the causes of the collapse of the British Empire]]

The various parts of the Empire were granted independence by London (usually peacefully, sometimes otherwise) at different times. The thirteen American colonies that formed the original [[United States of America]] declared their freedom in 1776 and, with France, defeated the British in a major war. Most of [[Ireland]] went its separate way in 1922. The remaining "settler colonies" that were inhabited by people of British descent, mostly Scottish, were formally granted self-government in 1931, though they had been self-governing for some years prior to that date. The remaining colonies were granted independence in the decades following the [[Second World War]], and the last remaining colony of importance, Hong Kong, left British rule in 1997 after a long lease with China expired.

Most former colonies are members of the [[Commonwealth of Nations]] and many of them, such as Canada and Australia, still have the British monarch, Queen Elizabeth II, as their head of state.

Fourteen small territories that formed part of the Empire, such as the [[Cayman Islands]], [[Bermuda]], [[Anguilla]], the [[Falkland Islands]] and [[St. Helena]], remain under British rule today. They are legally known as the "British Overseas Territories".

==Historic regions==
===United States===
Although American historians have always paid attention to the negative causes of the revolt by which the 13 colonies broke away from the Empire, in the early 20th century the "Imperial School," including [[Herbert L. Osgood]], [[George Louis Beer]], [[Charles M. Andrews]] and [[Lawrence Gipson]] took a highly favorable view of the benefits achieved by the economic integration of the Empire.<ref>Ian Tyrrell, "Making Nations/Making States: American Historians in the Context of Empire," ''Journal of American History,'' Vol. 86, No. 3, (Dec., 1999), pp. 1015-1044 [http://www.jstor.org/stable/2568604 in JSTOR]</ref> For a good sample of the school see George Louis Beer, ''The Old Colonial System, 1660-1754'' (1913) [https://books.google.com/books?id=2KkJAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=inauthor:george+inauthor:beer&lr=&num=30&as_brr=0 full text online].
===India===
A raging debate continues regarding the economic impact of British imperialism on India. The issue was raised by conservative leader [[Edmund Burke]] who in the 1780s vehemently attacked the East India Company, claiming that Warren Hastings and other top officials had ruined the Indian economy and society. Indian historian Rajat Kanta Ray (1998) continues this attack, saying the new economy brought by the British in the 18th century was a form of "plunder" and a catastrophe for the traditional economy of [[India]]. Ray accuses the British of depleting the food and money stocks and imposing high taxes that helped cause the terrible famine of 1770, which killed a third of the people of Bengal.<ref>Rajat Kanta Ray, "Indian Society and the Establishment of British Supremacy, 1765-1818," in ''The Oxford History of the British Empire: vol. 2, The Eighteenth Century" ed. by P. J. Marshall, (1998), pp 508-29</ref>

On the other hand, P. J. Marshall shows that recent scholarship has reinterpreted the received view that the prosperity of the formerly benign Mughal rule gave way to poverty, and anarchy. Marshall argues the British takeover did not make any sharp break with the past. British control was delegated largely through regional Mughal rulers and was sustained by a generally prosperous economy for the rest of the 18th century. Marshall notes the British went into partnership with Indian bankers and raised revenue through local tax administrators, and kept the old Mughal rates of taxation.<ref>Professor Ray agrees that the East India Company inherited an onerous taxation system that took one-third of the produce of Indian cultivators.</ref> Instead of the Indian nationalist account of the British as alien aggressors, seizing power by brute force and impoverishing all of India, Marshall presents the interpretation, supported by many scholars in both India and the West, in which the British were not in full control but instead were players in what was primarily an Indian play and in which their rise to power depended upon excellent cooperation with Indian elites. Marshall admits that much of his interpretation is still rejected by many historians working in India today, who prefer to bash the British.<ref>P.J. Marshall, "The British in Asia: Trade to Dominion, 1700-1765," in ''The Oxford History of the British Empire: vol. 2, The Eighteenth Century" ed. by P. J. Marshall, (1998), pp 487-507</ref>

==Slavery==
One of the most controversial aspects of the Empire is its role in first promoting and then ending slavery. In the 18th century British merchant ships were the largest element in the "[[Middle Passage]]" which transported millions of slaves to the Western Hemisphere. Most wound up in the Caribbean, where the Empire had highly profitable sugar colonies, and the living conditions were bad. (The plantation owners lived in Britain.) Parliament ended the international transportation of slaves in 1807, and used the Royal Navy to enforce that ban. In 1833 it bought out the plantation owners for cash and officially banned slavery. Historians before the 1940s argued that moralistic reformers such as [[William Wilberforce]] and the Evangelical Protestants (especially Methodists) were primarily responsible.

Historical revisionism arrived when West Indian historian [[Eric Williams]] in ''Capitalism and Slavery'' (1944), rejected this moral explanation and substituted a [[Marxist]] interpretation. He argued that abolition was now more profitable, for a century of sugar cane raising had exhausted the soil of the islands, and the plantations had become unprofitable. It was more profitable to sell the slaves to the government than to keep up operations. The 1807 prohibition of the international trade, Williams argued, prevented French expansion on other islands. Meanwhile, British investors turned to Asia, where labor was so plentiful that slavery was unnecessary. Williams went on to argue that slavery played a major role in making Britain prosperous. The high profits from the slave trade, he said, helped finance the [[Industrial Revolution]]. By implication, Britain enjoyed prosperity because of the capital extracted from the unpaid work of slaves.

More recently historians have challenged Williams. They have shown that slavery remained profitable in the 1830s because of innovations in agriculture, so the profit motive was not central to abolition.<ref>J.R. Ward, "The British West Indies in the Age of Abolition," in P.J. Marshall, ed. ''The Oxford History of the British Empire: Volume II: The Eighteenth Century'' (1998) pp 415-39.</ref> Richardson (1998) finds Williams's claims regarding the Industrial Revolution are greatly exaggerated, for profits from the slave trade amounted to less than 1% of total domestic investment in Britain. Richardson further challenges claims (by African scholars) that the slave trade caused widespread depopulation and economic distress in Africa—indeed that it caused the "underdevelopment" of Africa. Admitting the horrible suffering of the slaves themselves, he notes that many Africans benefited directly, because the first stage of the trade was always firmly in the hands of Africans. European slave ships waited at ports to purchase cargoes of people who were captured in the hinterland by African dealers and tribal leaders. Richardson finds that the "terms of trade" (how much the ship owners paid for the slave cargo) moved heavily in favor of the Africans after about 1750. That is, indigenous elites inside West and Central Africa made large and growing profits from slavery, thus increasing their wealth and power.<ref>David Richardson, "The British Empire and the Atlantic Slave Trade, 1660-1807," in P.J. Marshall, ed. ''The Oxford History of the British Empire: Volume II: The Eighteenth Century'' (1998) pp 440-64.</ref>

==Name==
The term "British Empire" was used by historians as early as 1708.<ref>John Oldmixon, ''The British Empire in America, Containing the History of the Discovery, Settlement, Progress and Present State of All the British Colonies, on the Continent and Islands of America'' (London, 1708))</ref> Before that the usual term was "English Empire."<ref>As in Nathaniel Crouch, ''The English Empire in America: Or a Prospect of His
Majesties Dominions in the West-Indies'' (London, 1685).'' Armitage pp 174-5</ref>

== See also ==

*[[Victorian era]]

==Further reading==
[[File:James-brit-empire.jpg|thumb|280px]]
* Bayly, C. A. ed. ''Atlas of the British Empire'' (1989). survey by scholars; heavily illustrated
* Beinart, William, and Lotte Hughes. ''Environment and Empire'' (Oxford History of the British Empire Companion) (2007) [https://www.amazon.com/Environment-Empire-History-British-Companion/dp/0199260311/ref=sr_1_7?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1224385647&sr=8-7 excerpt and text search]
* Black, Jeremy. ''The British Seaborne Empire'' (2004)
* Brendon, Piers. "A Moral Audit of the British Empire." ''History Today'', (Oct 2007), Vol. 57 Issue 10, pp 44–47, online at [[EBSCO]]
* Brendon, Piers. ''The Decline and Fall of the British Empire, 1781-1997'' (2008), very well written popular survey [https://www.amazon.com/Decline-Fall-British-Empire-1781-1997/dp/0307268292/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1253004822&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Bryant, Arthur. ''The History of Britain and the British Peoples'', 3 vols. (1984–90), popular.
* Cain, P. J. and A.G. Hopkins. ''British Imperialism, 1688-2000'' (2nd ed. 2001), 739pp, detailed economic history that presents the new "gentlemanly capitalists" thesis [https://www.amazon.com/British-Imperialism-Crisis-Deconstruction-1914-1990/dp/058220965X/ref=sr_1_2/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1191842268&sr=8-2 excerpt and text search]; [http://www.questia.com/read/24219275?title=British%20Imperialism%3a%20Innovation%20and%20Expansion%2c%201688-1914 full text online]
* Colley, Linda. ''Captives: Britain, Empire, and the World, 1600-1850'' (2004), 464pp [https://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/0385721463/ref=sib_dp_pt/103-4827826-5463040#reader-link excerpts and online search from Amazon.com]
* Dalziel, Nigel. ''The Penguin Historical Atlas of the British Empire'' (2006), 144 pp [https://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/0141018445/ref=sib_dp_pt/103-4827826-5463040#reader-link excerpts and online search from amazon.com]
* Etherington, Norman. ''Missions and Empire'' (Oxford History of the British Empire Companion Series) (2008) [https://www.amazon.com/Missions-Empire-History-British-Companion/dp/019925348X/ref=sr_1_4?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1224385647&sr=8-4 excerpt and text search], on Protestant missions
* Ferguson, Niall. ''Empire: The Rise and Demise of the British World Order and the Lessons for Global Power'' (2002), [https://www.amazon.com/Empire-Demise-British-Lessons-Global/dp/0465023290/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1196061626&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search], by a conservative scholar
* Hyam, Ronald. ''Britain's Imperial Century, 1815-1914: A Study of Empire and Expansion'' (1993). [https://www.amazon.com/Britains-Imperial-Century-1815-1914-Expansion/dp/033399311X/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1196061553&sr=8-2 excerpt and text search]
* James, Lawrence. ''The Rise and Fall of the British Empire'' (1997), the best scholarly overview [https://www.amazon.com/Rise-Fall-British-Empire/dp/031216985X/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1252982523&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
** James, Lawrence. ''The Illustrated Rise and Fall of the British Empire'' (1997), abridged edition with many superb illustrations
* Johnson, Robert. ''British Imperialism.'' (2003) 284pp; good, short introduction to the major issues
* Judd, Denis. ''Empire: The British Imperial Experience, From 1765 to the Present'' (1996). [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=6969240 online edition]
* Lloyd; T. O. ''The British Empire, 1558-1995'' (1996) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=27709944 online edition]
* Louis, William Roger (general editor), ''The Oxford History of the British Empire'', 5 vols. (1998–99).
** vol 1 "The Origins of Empire" ed. by Nicholas Canny
** vol 2 "The Eighteenth Century" ed. by P. J. Marshall [https://www.amazon.com/Oxford-History-British-Empire-Eighteenth/dp/0199246777/ref=sr_1_3/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1191842268&sr=8-3 excerpt and text search]
** vol 3 ''The Nineteenth Century'' edited by William Roger Louis, Alaine M. Low, Andrew Porter; (1998). 780 pp.. [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=98650583 online edition], also [https://www.amazon.com/Oxford-History-British-Empire-Nineteenth/dp/0199246785/ref=sr_1_8/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1191842268&sr=8-8 excerpt and text search]
** vol 4 ''The Twentieth Century'' edited by Judith M. Brown, (1998). 773 pp. [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=104728347 online edition] also [https://www.amazon.com/Oxford-History-British-Empire-Twentieth/dp/0199246793/ref=sr_1_13/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1191842268&sr=8-13 excerpt and text search]
** vol 5 "Historiography" ed. by Robin W. Winks (1999) [https://www.amazon.com/Oxford-History-British-Empire-Historiography/dp/0199246807/ref=sr_1_25/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1191842573&sr=8-25 excerpt and text search]
* Marshall, P. J. (ed.), ''The Cambridge Illustrated History of the British Empire'' (1996). [https://www.amazon.com/Cambridge-Illustrated-History-British-Empire/dp/0521002540/ref=sr_1_12/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1191842268&sr=8-12 excerpt and text search]
* Olson, James S. and Robert S. Shadle; ''Historical Dictionary of the British Empire'' (1996) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=58315322 online edition]
* Porter, A. N. ''Atlas of British Overseas Expansion'' (1994)
* Robinson, Howard . ''The Development of the British Empire'' (1922), 465pp [https://books.google.com/books?id=woRdQlGbL_oC&dq=intitle:british+intitle:empire+date:1900-1924&num=30 online edition]
* Rose, J. Holland, ed. ''Cambridge History of the British Empire: vol 1: The Old Empire from the Beginnings to 1783'' (1929) [http://www.questia.com/read/99039834?title=The%20Cambridge%20History%20of%20the%20British%20Empire online edition]
* Smith, Simon C. ''British Imperialism 1750-1970'' (1998). brief

====Notes====
<references/>

[[Category:Empires]]
[[Category:British History]]
[[Category:Slavery]]
[[Category:Economic History]]
[[Category:Africa]]
[[Category:Asia]]
[[Category:British Empire]]
[[Category:Conspiracy theory scapegoats]]

Beating NFL addiction

2026-10-13T02:42:16Z

RoadtoEmmaus: Remove duplicate period after closing quotation mark

'''Beating NFL addiction''', or '''conquering football [[addiction]]''' is generally a challenge for many [[American]] men. They spend hours each Sunday afternoon and on Sunday, Monday, and Thursday evenings watching meaningless games that cause harm and expense to themselves and others. Many who are addicted to the NFL waste further hours during the week thinking about, discussing, or reading about the NFL, or even playing "[[fantasy football]]." More than 26 million people miss work the day after the [[Super Bowl]], causing losses in excess of $5 billion.

Eight basic ways to overcome this [[addiction]] are:
# First, recognize that it is indeed a harmful [[addiction]] based on patterns and strategy, but like any addiction, it can be conquered.
# Realize that some football outcomes are fraudulent, such as the [[1969 Super Bowl]], which deceived many.
# Realize that the [[NFL]] billionaire owners loot taxpayers for billions in subsidies.
# Realize that the game shortens the lifespan of players and many fans by a decade.
# Realize that the game probably induces early onset of [[dementia]] for fans and players.
# Realize that far fewer than half the population actually watches the [[Super Bowl]].
# Realize that other pattern-based games, such as [[chess]], are healthier substitutes and sharpen the mind.
# Realize that the NFL is more like a violent video game that rewards misconduct, rather than a genuine sport based on genuine athleticism.

NFL addiction is not new: in 1958, a massive television audience of 45 million people watched the NFL championship game, and that audience would have been even higher if the New York market had not been blacked out under outdated restrictions because the game was played at Yankee Stadium. The highest percentage of people who watched a Super Bowl was in 1982, more than 40 years ago.

== Additional ways to overcome this harmful and costly addiction ==
Additional approaches to conquer this addiction are:
* Schedule other activities during game times, such as shopping, exercise, writing letters, driving to a gas station to fill the car, cleaning/organizing, going to church, reading a book, watching a movie, or even sleeping.
* Realize that deceit by the [[NFL]] is pervasive: [[NFL sham tryouts]], [[1969 Super Bowl]], [[gambling]] and [[alcohol]] promotion, etc., and don't fall for the deceit.
* NFL owners are [[demonic]] and do not help most former players as they struggle with problems and [[lifespan of NFL players and fans|shortened lifespans]], so why would you enrich the billionaire owners by watching their games?
* Recognize that God does not care about who wins NFL games, so why do you?
* Keep a tally of how much time you spend each week on the NFL, and reduce it toward zero.
* Spend time with the 90% of Americans who did not watch NFL games on [[Thanksgiving]], rather than with people who are obsessed with the game.
* Realize that no one regrets, toward the end of his life, not having spent more time watching NFL games.
* Recognize that the NFL takes people away from their marriages, their churches, and the [[Bible]].
* Pick your favorite team and then learn to root against it.
* Learn to replace thoughts about football with wholesome, productive thoughts.
* Join the movement to cut off the billions of dollars in annual taxpayer subsidies that flow to the NFL and its billionaire owners.
* Warn others against the high percentage of drunken fans who create heightened safety risks on the roads after each NFL game.
* Avoid buying products or patronizing businesses endorsed by teams or players.
* Wear a rubber band around your wrist. Every time thoughts of the NFL come into your mind, pull back the rubber band and snap it against your wrist. This negative association with the thoughts you are trying to avoid will reduce their occurrence.
* Talk to a leader at church and let him or her know what you are trying to do. The rubber band plan is even more effective if others know what the band and what you are trying to accomplish mean to you. When you are trying to overcome your unwelcome inclination to watch NFL games, you are not alone. Rely on God's chosen leaders.
* If you do backslide and start watching the first quarter, it's OK. Keep rooting against your favorite team, and thinking about the harm you're doing to your marriage. Resolve to snap the rubber band before the second quarter starts, or before halftime. Keep warning others about drunken fans.
* Shortly before the Super Bowl, people at school or work, or others from the secular world, will want to talk about the game. Profess disinterest, and show them your rubber band when you rebuff an invitation to a gathering where the game will be shown. At the gathering, make sure others know why you are rooting against the team you want to win, and keep talking about the safety risks and the harms to marriage done by viewing the game.
* If the team you have been rooting against this whole time has finally made it, don't despair. They might still lose. Snap the rubber band harder and more frequently than ever before, and resolve to talk to your pastor in the event that the team you hope loses wins. Don't celebrate; they will probably have a terrible draft position.
* If an unfortunate, but predictable, tragedy takes place while you are watching the game where your team had a chance to take one of the top playoff seeds, don't feel guilty about the fact that you've been watching the games during the whole season. Even if only one week is left in the season, there is still enough time to renounce your attachment to the outcome of the games. Why watch the final week, or weeks, depending on how the league responds to the tragedy, since playoff seeding is obviously not the most important issue? Wait until the league decides whether or not to complete the game, and keep snapping the rubber band regularly, just as you have been doing all season.
== See also ==

*[[NFL sham tryouts]]
*[[NFL values]]
*[[1969 Super Bowl]]
*[[Unplug the NFL]]
*[[Blacklisting Tim Tebow]]
[[Category:NFL]]

Asian atheism

2026-10-13T02:42:14Z

RoadtoEmmaus: Remove duplicate period after closing quotation mark

[[Image:Asia pol00.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Political boundaries of Asia]]
Razib Khan points out in ''Discover Magazine'': "most secular nations in the world are those of [[East Asia]], in particular what are often termed 'Confucian societies'. It is likely therefore that the majority of the world’s atheists are actually East Asian."<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150905135558/http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2010/11/most-atheists-are-not-white/ Most atheists are not white & other non-fairy tales], Discover magazine</ref>

The current [[Atheist Population|atheist population]] mostly resides in East [[Asia]] (particularly China) and in secular Europe/Australia among whites.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2013/05/23/a-surprising-map-of-where-the-worlds-atheists-live/ A surprising map of where the world’s atheists live], By Max Fisher and Caitlin Dewey, ''Washington Post'', May 23, 2013</ref> See: [[Western atheism and race]]

[[Desecularization]] is the process by which [[religion]] reasserts its societal influence through religious values, institutions, sectors of society and symbols in reaction to previous and/or co-occurring [[secularization]] processes.<ref>''Religion and the State in Russia and China: Suppression, Survival and Revival'' by Christopher Marsh, 2011, page 11 (Christopher Marsh cites the definitions of desecularization given by Peter L. Berger and Vyacheslav Karpov)</ref>

According to the global news website ''Quartz'', Asia is going through a process of desecularization:
{{cquote|[[Atheism|Atheists]], [[agnostics]], and other [[Nones|religious non-affiliates]] are a dying breed in Asia. According to a [http://www.demographic-research.org/volumes/vol32/27/32-27.pdf Pew Research Center study] released last week, Asia’s shrinking pool of men and women who don’t identify with any religion are driving a drop in the proportion of “religious nones” in the world.

The percentage of the unaffiliated in Asia Pacific—home to about 76% of the world’s unaffiliated—will fall to 17% in 2050 from 21%, Pew estimates. ...this drop in Asia and the growth of religious communities elsewhere will mean the unaffiliated will make up only 13% of the world’s population in 2050, down from 16% in 2010.<ref name="qz.com">[http://qz.com/377065/across-the-asia-pacific-the-population-of-atheists-and-agnostics-is-shrinking/ Across the Asia Pacific, the population of atheists and agnostics is shrinking]</ref>}}

For additional information, please see:

*[[East Asia and global desecularization]]

*[[Growth of Christianity in China]]

== Atheism and Asian males ==

''See also:'' [[Atheism and Asian males]]

Due to Asian men having a significantly larger population and influence in the [[Chinese Communist Party]], Asian males have a significant influence on Asian atheism (see: [[Atheism and Asian males]]).

== East Asia, atheism, superstition and irrationality ==

''See also:'' [[Irreligion and superstition]] and [[Atheism and science]]

''Discover Magazine'' declares:
{{Cquote|...the most secular nations in the world are those of East Asia, in particular what are often termed “[[Confucius|Confucian]] societies.” It is likely therefore that the majority of the world’s atheists are actually East Asian...

This is not to say that East Asia is necessarily a haven for a [[Critical rationalism|critical rationalist perspective]], what with the prominence of Chinese medicine, [[geomancy]], Korean [[shamanism]]...<ref name="blogs.discovermagazine.com">[https://web.archive.org/web/20150905135558/http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2010/11/most-atheists-are-not-white/ Most atheists are not white & other non-fairy tales] By Razib Khanm, Discover Magazine</ref>}}

In 2015, Rodney Stark wrote in his book ''The Triumph of Faith: Why the World is More Religious Than Ever'': "35 percent of the French believe in astrology, 35 percent of the Swiss agree that 'some fortune tellers really can foretell the future'..."<ref name="ReferenceA">''The Triumph of Faith: Why the World is More Religious Than Ever'' by Rodney Stark, Introduction section of the book</ref>

== Chinese atheism and the growth of Christianity in China ==

''See also:'' [[China and atheism]] and [[Growth of Christianity in China]] and [[East Asia and global desecularization]]

[[File:Great Hall of the People in Tiananmen Square in Beijing China.jpg|thumb|left|200px|In front of the Great Hall of the People in Tiananmen Square in Beijing.]]
[[China]] has the world's largest [[atheism|atheist]] population.<ref name="thechapmans.nl">[http://www.thechapmans.nl/news/Atheist.pdf Top 50 Countries With Highest Proportion of Atheists / Agnostics (Zuckerman, 2005)]</ref><ref name="washingtonpost.com">[https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2013/05/23/a-surprising-map-of-where-the-worlds-atheists-live/ A surprising map of where the world’s atheists live], ''Washington Post'' By Max Fisher and Caitlin Dewey May 23, 2013</ref> See also: [[China and atheism]]

In 2022, the historian [[Niall Ferguson]] indicated that [[China]]'s population is projected to drop by 50-75% by the end of the century.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q2vqnpXWM0Y&t=601s Niall Ferguson on the projected drop of China's population in the 21st century]</ref> See also: [[Atheism and fertility rates]]

According to ''Slate'', "[[Protestantism|Protestant]] Christianity has been the fastest growing religion in China."<ref>[http://www.slate.com/bigideas/what-is-the-future-of-religion/essays-and-opinions/fenggang-yang-opinion When Will China Become the World’s Largest Christian Country?], Slate</ref> [[Evangelicalism|Evangelical Christianity]] is growing sharply in China.<ref>[https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Asia-Pacific/2015/0111/In-China-a-church-state-showdown-of-biblical-proportions In China, a church-state showdown of biblical proportions]</ref>

On November 1, 2014, an article in ''The Economist'' entitled ''Cracks in the atheist edifice'' declared:
{{cquote|Officials are untroubled by the clash between the city’s famously freewheeling capitalism and the [[Communism|Communist]] Party’s ideology, yet still see religion and its symbols as affronts to the party’s [[atheism]]...

Yang Fenggang of Purdue University, in Indiana, says the Christian church in China has grown by an average of 10% a year since 1980. He reckons that on current trends there will be 250m Christians by around 2030, making China’s Christian population the largest in the world. Mr. Yang says this speed of growth is similar to that seen in fourth-century Rome just before the conversion of [[Constantine]], which paved the way for Christianity to become the religion of his empire.<ref>[https://www.economist.com/news/briefing/21629218-rapid-spread-christianity-forcing-official-rethink-religion-cracks ''Cracks in the atheist edifice''], ''The Economist'', November 1, 2014</ref>}}

To see the magnitude of the explosive growth of Christianity in China, look at [https://www.dw.com/en/in-xi-we-trust-is-china-cracking-down-on-christianity/a-42224752 this graph about the growth of Christianity in China] in a DW news story about Chinese Christianity (DW is a mainstream news outlet in Germany).

=== Asian atheism and intelligence: China/Vietnam and intelligence ===

''See also:'' [[Atheism and intelligence]] and [[Asian atheism and intelligence]]

China has the 5th highest national IQ in the world with a score of 105.<ref name="CountryIQ">[https://iq-research.info/en/page/average-iq-by-country WORLD RANKING OF COUNTRIES BY THEIR AVERAGE]</ref> At the same time, [[Singapore]] and [[South Korea]] (which have higher degrees of religion/religious freedom) have higher national IQ scores of 108 and 106 respectively.<ref name="CountryIQ"/> In addition, [[Hong Kong]], which has a greater degree of religious freedom than mainland China, has a regional IQ score of 108.<ref name="CountryIQ"/>

In the latter part of the 20th century and throughout the 21st century, China has seen a rapid growth of [[Evangelical Christians|evangelical Christianity]] within its nation, increased economic development and a leap in intelligence scores.<ref>
*[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/china/10776023/China-on-course-to-become-worlds-most-Christian-nation-within-15-years.html China on course to become 'world's most Christian nation' within 15 years]
*[http://blog.tifwe.org/the-protestant-work-ethic-alive-well-in-china/ The Protestant Work Ethic: Alive & Well…In China] By Hugh Whelchel on September 24, 2012</ref><ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-31556802 Are human beings becoming smarter], BBC, March 2, 2015</ref> See also: [[Growth of Christianity in China]] and [[Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism]]

Atheistic and [[communism|communist]] [[Vietnam]] has a national IQ score of 94.<ref name="CountryIQ"/>

=== Atheistic China and sexism ===

See: [[Atheistic China and sexism]]

=== Atheist-controlled, mainland [[China]] admits its men have become too feminine. China promotes education drive to make boys more 'manly' ===

''See also:'' [[Atheism and mental toughness]]

In 2021, the [[BBC]] reported that the mainland [[Chinese]] government indicated that its men have become too feminine.<ref name="bbc.com">[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-55926248 China promotes education drive to make boys more 'manly'], BBC, 2021</ref> As a result, China promotes an education drive to make boys more 'manly'.<ref name="bbc.com"/>

The BBC article also stated: "Last May, a delegate of China's top advisory body, Si Zefu, said that many of China's young males had become 'weak, timid, and self-abasing.'"<ref name="bbc.com"/>

== Projected growth of evangelical Christianity in Asia ==

''See also:'' [[Growth of evangelical Christianity]]

Justin Long, citing statistics from Operation World states: "From 146 million in 2010, evangelicals grow to 1.2 billion, or 24% of Asia's 4.3 billion by 2100. Evangelicals are, in this model, predicted to slip from 3% per annum growth today to 1.5% per annum in 2100, due to the projected fall in population growth. This, too, seems a fairly realistic projection. While there are significant gains in the number of evangelicals in China, growth in other places in Asia is presently fairly flat.<ref>[http://justinlong.org/2016/04/when-will-the-world-be-over-half-evangelical/ When will the world be over half evangelical?] by Justin Long</ref>

=== Ethnic Chinese and the rapid rise of Christianity in Southeast Asia ===

See: [[Ethnic Chinese and the rise of Christianity in Southeast Asia]]

== Collapse of atheism in the former Soviet Union ==

''See also:'' [[Collapse of atheism in the former Soviet Union]]
[[File:480px-Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (orthographic projection).svg.png|thumbnail|200px|The [[Soviet Union]] after [[WWII]].]]
In 2003, the Weatherhead Center for International Affairs at Harvard published a paper by Assaf Moghadam entitled ''A Global Resurgence of Religion''? which declared:
{{cquote|As the indications leave little doubt, [[Russia]] is showing clear signs of a religious resurgence. In fact, all seven criteria by which change in religious behavior and values are measured here confirmed that Russia is experiencing what could be called a religious revival. Since 1970, the nonreligious/atheist population has been on steady decline, from 52% in 1970 to 33% in 2000. Further, the percentage of this population is projected to decrease even further, possibly reaching the 20% mark in 2025. Between 1990 and 1997, belief in God has risen from 35% to a whopping 60%, while belief in the importance of God has climbed to 43% in 1997, up from 25% in 1990. More people have been raised religious in Russia in 1997 (20%) than at the beginning of the decade (18%), and 8.39% more Russians believed religion to be important toward the end of the 1990s, when compared to 1990. “Comfort in Religion” has also sharply increased within this time period, from less than 27% to over 46%. Finally, more and more Russians attend church services more regularly in 1997 than they did in 1990.

In the three Eastern European countries that were included in the WVS survey on belief in God, a drastic rise could be witnessed of respondents who answered this question in the affirmative. In Hungary, the percentage of believers in God jumped from 44% to 58% from 1981 to 1990, even prior to the collapse of the former [[Soviet Union]]. In Belarus, the number of people who believe in God nearly doubled over the course of the 1990s, from 36% to 68%, while in Latvia this figure almost quadrupled, from 18% to 67% in the same time period. Similar trends held true when it came to the importance of God, where there was a sharp rise in all three countries.<ref>[http://www.researchgate.net/publication/228395238_A_Global_Resurgence_of_Religion ''A Global Resurgence of Religion''?] by Assaf Moghadam, Weatherhead Center for International Affairs at Harvard University</ref>}}

=== Growth of Protestantism in Russia ===
[[File:Russia location.png|thumbnail|left|200px|[[Russia]] spans from Eastern Europe to Northern Asia.]]
[[Russia]] spans from Eastern Europe to Northern Asia.

A large number of missionaries presently operating in Russia are from [[Protestantism|Protestant]] denominations.<ref>US State Department Religious Freedom Report on Russia, 2006</ref>

According to a survey conducted at the end of 2013, 2% of surveyed Russians identify as Protestants or another branch of Christianity.<ref>[http://www.wingia.com/web/files/news/126/file/126.pdf 2013 End of the Year Survey - Russia WIN/GIA]</ref>

''Russia Watch'' in an article entitled ''Is Russia Turning Protestant?'' wrote:
{{Cquote|Russia’s Justice Ministry has registered 14,616 Orthodox parishes, 4,409 Protestant parishes, and 234 Catholic parishes. But Anatoly Pchelintsev, a religion specialist and professor at the Russian State Humanitarian University, estimates that for every registered Protestant congregation, there are at least two unregistered ones.

Pchelintsev, who edits the Religion and Law publication here, concludes that Russia has about 15,000 Protestant congregations, roughly equal to the number of Russian Orthodox ones. He says the number of Catholic parishes is roughly the same as the official number.

In Siberia, long a land of dissenters and discontents, there are believed to be more Protestants in church on Sunday mornings than Russian Orthodox. On one recent visit to Khabarovsk, the second largest city of the Russian Far East, I went to a packed Baptist church, only a kilometer from a sparsely attended Russian Orthodox Cathedral. The massive Cathedral had been built with federal funds.<ref>[http://blogs.voanews.com/russia-watch/2013/07/30/is-russia-turning-protestant/ ''Russia Watch'', ''Is Russia Turning Protestant?''], 2014</ref>}}

==== Evangelicalism and Russia ====

According to the Christian Broadcasting Network:
{{Cquote|The Orthodox Church's biggest competitors are the [[Evangelicalism|evangelical]], [[Charismatic movement|charismatic]] congregations, which are experiencing tremendous growth.

"So many Russians are leaving the Orthodox Church and joining the charismatic churches and they don't like it," Ryakhovski said.

Ryakhovski gave CBN News a document produced by a leading Russian research group and backed by the Orthodox Church. The paper was titled, "Ways to weaken the potential of neo-Pentecostal sects and to help their victims."...

Once a persecuted minority, evangelical Christians in Russia and the surrounding countries that once made up the former Soviet Union, are now exerting more influence in society by displaying what it means to be a true follower of Jesus Christ.

"People are looking for meaning, they are looking for authentic lifestyles, authentic relationships," Sipko told CBN News. "And so in the midst of all the economic and social changes, we have the opportunity to demonstrate what a personal relationship with Jesus is like."<ref>[http://www.cbn.com/cbnnews/world/2011/april/russian-evangelicals-leery-of-orthodox-church-/?mobile=false Russian Evangelicals Leery of Orthodox Church ]</ref>}}

== South Korea and irreligion ==

In 2005, according to figures compiled by the [[South Korea]]n National Statistical Office, 46.5% of the population were classified as irreligious, compared to 22.8% [[Buddhism|Buddhists]], 18.3% [[Protestantism|Protestants]], 10.9% [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholics]], and 1.7% Other religions.<ref name=koreastats>According to figures compiled by the South Korean [[National Statistical Office (South Korea)|]]. {{cite web|url=http://kosis.nso.go.kr:7001/ups/chapterRetrieve.jsp?pubcode=MA&seq=292&pub=3|accessdate=August 23, 2006|work=NSO online KOSIS database|title=인구,가구/시도별 종교인구/시도별 종교인구 (2005년 인구총조사)}}</ref>

In the 20th century, South Korea saw a rapid rise of Christianity within its population (see: [[East Asia and global desecularization#South Korea and global desecularization|South Korea and global desecularization]]).

== North Korea and atheism ==

[[North Korea]] has [[state atheism]] and public religion is actively discouraged.<ref>Elizabeth Raum. ''North Korea''. Series: ''Countries Around the World''. Heinemann, 2012. ISBN 1432961330. p. 28</ref>

The ''Christian Post'' published an article entitled ''North Korean Defector Who Spent 28 Years in Prison Camp Details Hunger, Torture, and Cannibalism in the DPRK'' which stated:
{{cquote|More than 200,000 North Koreans, including children, are imprisoned in camps where many perish from forced labor, inadequate food, and abuse by guards, according to Human Rights Watch. The isolated, secretive nation has no media, functioning civil society, or religious freedom, and pervasive problems include arbitrary arrest, lack of due process, and torture.<ref>[http://www.christianpost.com/news/north-korean-defector-who-spent-28-years-in-prison-camp-details-starvation-torture-and-cannibalism-in-the-dprk-138746/ ''North Korean Defector Who Spent 28 Years in Prison Camp Details Hunger, Torture, and Cannibalism in the DPRK'']</ref>}}

== Mongolia and irreligion ==

In 2006, the atheist Phil Zuckerman estimated that the irreligious population was 9% in [[Mongolia]].<ref>Zuckerman, Phil (2006). "Atheism: Contemporary Numbers and Patterns". In Martin, Michael. The Cambridge Companion to Atheism. Cambridge University Press. pp. 47–66.</ref>

== East Asia's aging population and global desecularization ==

''See also'': [[East Asia and global desecularization]] and [[Atheism and fertility rates]]
[[File:Aging East Asian population.jpg|thumbnail|left|200px|An elderly man in Beijing, China.

CNBC reported in 2015: "36 percent of the world's population over 65 currently live in East Asia. That's 211 million people and it is projected to rise over time."<ref name="cnbc.com">[https://www.cnbc.com/2015/12/08/east-asia-could-be-in-trouble-due-to-aging-population-world-bank-says.html Here's why East Asia could be in big trouble], CNBC</ref>]]

According to the global news website ''Quartz'', Asia is going through a process of [[desecularization]]:
{{cquote|[[Atheism|Atheists]], [[agnostics]], and other [[Nones|religious non-affiliates]] are a dying breed in Asia. According to a [http://www.demographic-research.org/volumes/vol32/27/32-27.pdf Pew Research Center study] released last week, Asia’s shrinking pool of men and women who don’t identify with any religion are driving a drop in the proportion of “religious nones” in the world.

The percentage of the unaffiliated in Asia Pacific—home to about 76% of the world’s unaffiliated—will fall to 17% in 2050 from 21%, Pew estimates. ...this drop in Asia and the growth of religious communities elsewhere will mean the unaffiliated will make up only 13% of the world’s population in 2050, down from 16% in 2010.<ref name="qz.com">[http://qz.com/377065/across-the-asia-pacific-the-population-of-atheists-and-agnostics-is-shrinking/ Across the Asia Pacific, the population of atheists and agnostics is shrinking]</ref>}}

CNBC reported in 2015:
{{Cquote|If stock market volatility, slowing economies, and low commodity prices were not enough of a problem for East Asia, many countries in the region now have to worry about losing as much as 15 percent of their working-age population by 2040, according to the World Bank.

In a report released Wednesday, the World Bank said aging population and low fertility rates are to blame as 36 percent of the world's population over 65 currently live in East Asia. That's 211 million people and it is projected to rise over time.<ref name="cnbc.com">[https://www.cnbc.com/2015/12/08/east-asia-could-be-in-trouble-due-to-aging-population-world-bank-says.html Here's why East Asia could be in big trouble], CNBC</ref>}}

{{See also|Atheism and fertility rates}}

=== China's aging population ===

''See also:'' [[Growth of Christianity in China]]

[[China]] has the largest atheist population in the world (see: [[Atheist Population|Atheist population]]). The Chinese population is rapidly aging, due to a lower mortality rate and its former one-child policy. This will lead to a pension problem for the Chinese government.<ref>[http://www.wikinvest.com/concept/China's_Aging_Population China's aging population]</ref> See: Asian atheism

Like most religious conservatives within [[Abrahamic religions]], [[Evangelical Christians]] do have higher than replacement levels of births (see: [[Desecularization]]). China's demographics in terms of the age of its population will likely change in the 21st century due to the rapid growth of evangelical Christianity in China (see: [[Growth of Christianity in China]]).

== Factors related to growth of Christianity in Asia ==

''See also:'' [[Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism]]

The Australian Broadcasting Corporation's website RN reports:
{{cquote|The reason for this rise in Asian Christianity is as varied as the region is diverse. However for South Korea, China and other economically vibrant neighbours contributing to the rise of the Asian Century, German sociologist Max Weber got it right. Christianity is like the spiritual backdrop to the market economy.

Christian business people in China ‘think that the Protestant work ethic is particularly suitable for this market economy,’ claims Professor Fenggang Yang, sociologist at Purdue University in Indiana.

‘The market economy [in China] is sometimes associated with a high ratio of corruption—doing business without rules or regulations, or when those regulations cannot be enforced,’ he says.

Contrary to the belief that modernism breeds secularism, Yang posits that the rise of the Chinese entrepreneurial class has created a demand for internal rules—morality, ethics and spiritual certainty—all the elements that make up religion’s job description.

The demand for this religious foundation is certainly formidable. Beijing controls Christianity by sanctioning only a set number of churches, yet underground or ‘house churches’ keep popping up, like Bible studies groups that gather at McDonalds, recounts Yang.

Buddhism, Confucianism and other great religious and philosophical traditions indigenous to Asia also provide the same spiritual bedrock, and overall, religion is on the rise in China. However Christianity can claim more converts because of its association with other key aspects of a modern life like better education, individual freedom, equality and democracy says Yang.

Sebastian Kim of York St John University in the UK concurs. Unlike other Asian countries, Koreans, not foreign missionaries, planted the first seeds of Christianity in Korea. Yet, it was western missionaries who brought with them hospitals, schools and other social institutions that helped transform Korea.<ref>[http://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/encounter/the-rise-of-christianity-in-asia/5934564 The rise of Christianity in Asia] by Masako Fukui, Australian Broadcasting Corporation's website RN</ref>}}

Justin Wood wrote:
{{Cquote|China, devoured by hunger so many times in its history, now feels a spiritual hunger beneath the neon exterior of its suddenly great cities. Four hundred million Chinese on the prosperous coast have moved from poverty to affluence in a single generation, and 10 million to 15 million new migrants come from the countryside each year, the greatest movement of people in history. Despite a government stance that hovers somewhere between discouragement and persecution, more than 100 million of them have embraced a faith that regards this life as mere preparation for the next world. Given the immense effort the Chinese have devoted to achieving a tolerable life in the present world, this may seem anomalous. On the contrary: it is the great migration of peoples that prepares the ground for Christianity, just as it did during the barbarian invasions of Europe during the Middle Ages.<ref name="soundfaith.com">[https://soundfaith.com/sermons/24469-christianity-finds-a-fulcrum-in-asia Christianity Finds a Fulcrum in Asia] by Justin Wood</ref>}}

=== China, state atheism and persecution ===

''See also:'' [[Atheism and communism]] and [[Communism and religious persecution]]

[[Communism|Communist]] countries practice [[state atheism]] (See: [[Atheism and communism]]).

In 1955, [[China|Chinese]] communist leader Zhou Enlai declared, "We Communists are atheists".<ref>Noebel, David, The Battle for Truth, Harvest House, 2001.</ref> In 2014, the Communist Party of China reaffirmed that members of their party must be atheists.<ref>
*[https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/asia/item/19567-china-s-communist-party-reaffirms-marxism-maoism-atheism China’s Communist Party Reaffirms Marxism, Maoism, Atheism], ''New American'', 2014
*[https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/02/02/china-communist-party-atheism-zhejiang-ban-religious-members-christianity_n_6599722.html China's Communist Party Bans Believers, Doubles Down On Atheism]</ref>

In 2016, the ''International Business Times'' reported:
{{cquote|A senior Chinese advisor on religious affairs has said the country should promote atheism throughout society, in remarks that appear to reflect a deepening campaign to reinforce traditional Marxist values in China — and could add to concern about official attitudes among believers in the country’s five officially recognized religions.<ref>[http://www.ibtimes.com/senior-chinese-religious-advisor-calls-promotion-atheism-society-2363850 Senior Chinese Religious Advisor Calls For Promotion Of Atheism In Society], ''International Business Times''</ref>}}

There is growing persecution of Christians by the Chinese government.<ref>[https://www.foxnews.com/world/2016/04/22/martyr-killed-by-bulldozer-becomes-symbol-growing-persecution-christians-in-china.html Martyr killed by bulldozer becomes symbol of growing persecution of Christians in China]</ref>

The Chinese communist regime has used beatings, harassment and torture to suppress religion in China and continues to use these practices.<ref name="Amnesty1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.refworld.org/docid/3b83b6e00.html |title=China: The crackdown on Falun Gong and other so-called "heretical organizations"|date=23 March 2000|publisher=Amnesty International|accessdate=17 March 2010}}</ref><ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2AESx5u6yMw Militant Atheist extremist regime persecuting and torturing Christians in China]</ref>

Historically, persecution has often been an ineffective means to stop the growth of Christianity in a region.<ref name="oprev.org">[http://oprev.org/2011/07/persecution-does-it-help-or-hurt-church-growth/ Persecution: Does It Help or Hurt Church Growth?]</ref> Persecution and exponential Christian growth have frequently coincided. On the other hand, persecution often coincides with diminishing Christianity.<ref name="oprev.org"/>

The historian Martin van Creveld points out that sovereign states are losing power/influence due to technology democratizing access to information, welfare states increasingly failing, [[fourth-generation warfare]] being waged against countries and sovereign states increasingly losing their ability to maintain internal order.<ref>[http://strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pubs/parameters/Articles/96spring/creveld.htm The Fate of the State] by MARTIN VAN CREVELD</ref><ref>[https://www.sonshi.com/martin-van-creveld-interview.html Martin van Creveld interview]</ref>

== East Asia, China, atheism and racism ==

See: [[East Asia, China, atheism and racism]]

== Asian atheism and unscientific medical practices ==

''See also:'' [[Atheism and medicine]]

Razib Khan wrote at ''Discover Magazine'':
{{Cquote|...the most secular nations in the world are those of [[East Asia]], in particular what are often termed “[[Confucius|Confucian]] societies.” It is likely therefore that the majority of the world’s [[atheism|atheists]] are actually East Asian...

This is not to say that East Asia is necessarily a haven for a [[Critical rationalism|critical rationalist]] perspective, what with the prominence of Chinese medicine, [[geomancy]], Korean [[shamanism]]...<ref name="blogs.discovermagazine.com"/>}}

For more information, please see: [[Atheism and medicine]] ([[Traditional Chinese medicine]])

== Cooperation between Asian atheists and Western atheists nonexistent or virtually non-existent ==

See: [[Cooperation between Asian atheists and Western atheists nonexistent or virtually non-existent]]

== China held the largest secular event in history ==

[[File:Ncvjgfu.jpg|thumbnail|right|175px|[[Mao Zedong]] ]]
Although the 2012 [[Reason Rally]] was billed as the largest secular event in world history, strictly speaking that is not accurate.<ref>
*[https://www.salon.com/2014/12/06/is_mocking_religion_enough_harris_dawkins_and_the_future_of_atheistsecular_politics/ Is mocking religion enough? Harris, Dawkins and the future of atheist/secular politics] by Richard Cimino and Christopher Smith, Salon magazine
*[http://americanhumanist.org/HNN/details/2011-11-the-humanist-hour-67-reason-rally Reason Rally - American Humanist Association]</ref>

[[Communism|Communist]] countries have embraced [[state atheism]]. And [[Marxism|Marxist]]-[[Vladimir Lenin|Leninism]] along with [[Maoism]] explicitly adhered to the [[atheist worldview]] and communist countries have engaged in [[militant atheism]] and religious persecution (see: [[Atheism and communism]]).<ref>[https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/asia/item/19567-china-s-communist-party-reaffirms-marxism-maoism-atheism China’s Communist Party Reaffirms Marxism, Maoism, Atheism]</ref> China [[Atheism and communism|still engages]] in religious persecution. Communist countries had large/massive rallies. For example, at [[Tiananmen Square]] during the [[Cultural Revolution]], the atheist [[Mao Zedong]] greeted 1,500 [[Red Guards]] and waved to 800,000 Red Guards and spectators below.
<ref>(Chinese) [http://dangshi.people.com.cn/GB/85039/14329784.html 倪天祚, "毛主席八次接见红卫兵的组织工作" 中国共产党新闻网] 2011-04-07</ref>

During the Cultural Revolution, a new form of militant atheism made great efforts to eradicate religion completely.<ref name="Revolt">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mofX6zdChgcC&pg=PA132&dq=china+militant+atheism&hl=en&ei=I_z2TZmePMGW0gGr_5CHCw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CFgQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=china%20militant%20atheism&f=false|title =The Price of Freedom Denied: Religious Persecution and Conflict in the Twenty-First Century (Cambridge Studies in Social Theory, Religion and Politics)|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|quote=Seeking a complete annihilation of religion, places of worship were shut down; temples, churches, and mosques were destroyed; artifacts were smashed; sacred texts were burnt; and it was a criminal offence even to possess a religious artifact or sacred text. Atheism had long been the official doctrine of the Chinese Communist Party, but this new form of militant atheism made every effort to eradicate religion completely.|accessdate = 2011-03-05}}
</ref><ref name="Contrast">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jn-kcJc47m4C&pg=PA129 |page=129 |title =Religion and Modern Society: Citizenship, Secularisation and the State |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|author=Bryan S. Turner|quote=The contrast between religion in American and militant atheism in China could not have been more stark or profound. While the Red Guards under Mao Zedong's leadership were busy destroying Buddhist pagodas, Catholic churches and Daoist temples, the Christian Right were equally busy condemning the communists.}}</ref> Under this militant atheism espoused by Mao Zedong, houses of worship were shut down; Buddhist pagodas, Daoist temples, Christian [[church]]es, and Muslim [[mosque]]s were destroyed; artifacts were smashed; and sacred texts were burnt.<ref name="Revolt"/><ref name="Contrast"/> Moreover, it was a criminal offence to even possess a religious artifact or sacred text.<ref name="Revolt"/> The death toll in 20th Century China attributable to Mao Tse-Tsung's "[[Great Leap Forward]]" is estimated by reputable sources "to be as high as forty million."<ref name="Leap">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rbgK8wA7ubgC&pg=PA125&lpg=PA125&dq=China+number+of+people+perished+militant+atheism&source=bl&ots=bN8QWuhcq2&sig=X2BB0iKRJbWNA8DlHzJeT2yS6to&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ZZNXUOP1KcaDywHEvYCIDg&ved=0CEEQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=China%20number%20of%20people%20perished%20militant%20atheism&f=false|page=125|title=No, We Can't: Radical Islam, Militant Secularism and the Myth of Coexistence|publisher=Chosen Books|date=1 October 2011|isbn=0800795202|author=Robert Stearns|quote=Reputable sources estimate the death toll in twentieth-century China to be as high as forty million, attributed directly to Mao Tse-Tung's "Great Leap Forward."}}</ref> However, following the death of Mao Zedong in 1976, many former policies towards religious freedom returned although they are limited and tenuous, as religion is closely regulated by the government.<ref name="Revolt"/>

Historically, the [[Atheist Population|atheist population]] has tended to lean leftward in its politics (See: [[Atheism and politics]] and [[Secular left]]). According to the [[University of Cambridge]], the "most notable spread of atheism was achieved through the success of the 1917 Russian Revolution, which brought the Marxist-Leninists to power."<ref name="Marxism-Leninsim">{{cite web|url = http://www.investigatingatheism.info/marxism.html|title =Marxism|publisher = [[University of Cambridge]]|quote=The most notable spread of atheism was achieved through the success of the 1917 Russian Revolution, which brought the Marxist-Leninists to power. For the first time in history, atheism thus became the official ideology of a state.|year=2008|accessdate = 2011–03–15}}</ref>

== See also ==

*[[European desecularization in the 21st century]]

== External links ==

*[http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2010/11/most-atheists-are-not-white/ Most atheists are not white & other non-fairy tales], Discover magazine

*[https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/item/25239-china-world-s-oldest-living-civilization-is-aging-because-of-atheism China, World’s Oldest Living Civilization, Is Aging (Because of Atheism?)], ''New American
''

== Notes ==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

[[Category:Desecularization]]
[[Category:Atheism]]
[[Category:Asia]]

Alvaro Uribe

2026-10-13T02:42:10Z

RoadtoEmmaus: Remove duplicate period after closing quotation mark

{{Officeholder
|name=Álvaro Uribe
|image=Auv Uribe Official.jpg
|party=Democratic Centre
|spouse=Lina Moreno de Uribe
|religion=Catholic
|offices=
{{Officeholder/president
|country=Colombia
|number=31st
|terms=7 August 2002 – 7 August 2010
|vp=[[Francisco Santos Calderón]]
|preceded=Andrés Pastrana Arango
|former=(y or n)
|succeeded=[[Juan Manuel Santos]]
}}
{{Officeholder/governor
|number=
|state=Antioquia
|terms=1 January 1995 – 1 January 1998
|lieutenant=n
|governor= (If lieutenant)
|preceded=Ramiro Valencia
|former=y
|succeeded=Alberto Builes Ortega
}}
{{Officeholder/mayor
|number=
|city=[[Medellín]]
|terms=October 1982 – December 1982
|preceded=Jose Jaime Nicholls Sánchez
|former=y
|succeeded=Juan Felipe Gaviria Gutierrez
}}
}}

'''Álvaro Uribe Vélez''' (born July 4, 1952) is a politician who was the 58th President of the Republic of [[Colombia]] between August 2002 and August 2010 (succeeded by [[Juan Manuel Santos]]). Álvaro Uribe was born in Medellín, capital of the department of Antioquia in Colombia. Uribe holds a degree in law from the Universidad de Antioquia and a post-graduate degree in Management and Administration from Harvard University. From 1998 to 1999, after being awarded the [[Simon Bolivar]] fellowship by the British Council in Bogotá, he worked as an associate professor at Oxford University. Uribe has maintained a steadfast alliance with the United States. Uribe was elected as President in 2002 and re-elected in 2006 by large majorities.

==Early career==

In 1976 he became head of the Real Estate Department of the city of Medellín's Public Works. From 1977 to 1978 he was Secretary General of the Labor Ministry and from 1980 to 1982, head of the Department of Civil Aeronautics. He was the mayor of his native city of Medellín in 1982 and later, from 1984 to 1986, he was elected as city councilor.

Uribe was elected governor of the department of Antioquia for the 1995-1997 period, during which he developed a model of communal participation in key government decisions such as the creation of new jobs, education, the granting of official state contracts and public safety, which he called Community State. During his term as governor, Álvaro Uribe sized down the number of government jobs by 34% and the number of official vehicles by 35%. Such savings in government spending meant schooling for 103,000 new students. As governor he also devised a program by which 40,000 people received training in the peaceful negotiation of conflicts. 200,000 of Antioquia's poor became eligible for free health care under the nation's subsidized health insurance system.

Uribe was also responsible for the paving of 939 kilometers of roads, more than double the amount of paved roads in all of Antioquia's history, and extensive repair work was done on the roads which link Antioquia with the nation's capital, Bogotá. The number of kidnapping cases in the department went down by 60% thanks to the cooperation of the community with the local authorities.

He was elected Senator for the periods 1986-1990 and 1990-1994, terms during which he received the Star Senator, Senator with the Best Programs and Best Senator awards.
==Situation in Colombia==

Uribe was democratically elected with 62 per cent of the vote and has built roads and lowered crime rates in major cities. He has been harshly criticized by human rights groups for alleged violations of human rights. There are accusations that Uribe has personal connections to the United Self-Defence group of Colombia (AUC), a terrorist group. The Colombian military is known to work hand-in-hand with this terrorist group because they share a common enemy, the leftist terrorist group [[Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia]] (FARC).<ref>[http://www.tkb.org/Group.jsp?groupID=96 Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC)], Retrieved from the Terrorism Knowledge Base, June 4, 2007.</ref> Protestors in Washington and Bogotá have leveled harsh criticism at Uribe and his regime. They allege that of around 400 unionists killed in Colombia, there have been 10 convictions so far.<ref>http://colombiaherald.wordpress.com/2007/05/02/demonstrators-in-washington-call-uribe-an-assassin-pictures/</ref> Amnesty International, in a statement, acknowledged, "undoubtedly, Colombia is facing an extremely difficult situation due to the action of armed groups refusing to respect international humanitarian law and to acknowledge the right of the civilian population to stay out of the hostilities" but "expressed dismay for the measures adopted to guarantee greater security are being aime at others whose security against abuses of power maybe undermined."<ref>http://web.amnesty.org/web/content.nsf/pages/gbr_colombia</ref>

== Presidential Medal of Freedom ==
[[Image:MedalOfFreedom Uribe.jpg|right|thumb|250px|President George W. Bush congratulates President Álvaro Uribe of Colombia after presenting him with the 2009 Presidential Medal of Freedom]]
On January 13, 2009, Uribe received the [[Presidential Medal of Freedom]] at a [[White House]] ceremony from United States President [[George W. Bush]]. The medal is America's highest civil award. It is given in recognition of exemplary achievement, and to convey the utmost esteem of the people and the President of the [[United States of America]]. The citation read:
{{cquote|'''''As President of Colombia, Alvaro Uribe has championed the rule of law in a country that endured decades of violence at the hands of illegal armed groups. He has demonstrated a deep commitment to the prosperity of Colombia's people, and his bold policies have spread democratic values and established the foundation for lasting peace throughout Colombia. He has been a courageous partner of the United States. And under his leadership, Colombia has become a model for countries seeking reconciliation and the establishment of a society based on respect for human dignity. The United States honors Alvaro Uribe Velez for his commitment to freedom, democracy, and the rule of law.'''''}}

== See also ==

*[[Juan Manuel Santos]]

==References==
*https://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/21/world/americas/21colombia.html?ex=1327035600&en=ad8d53a3750a2092&ei=5088&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss
*http://web.amnesty.org/web/content.nsf/pages/gbr_colombia
*https://www.cnn.com/2007/WORLD/americas/05/16/Colombia.Watergate.reut/index.html
<references/>

{{DEFAULTSORT:Uribe, Álvaro}}

[[Category:Colombia]]
[[Category:Former Heads of State]]
[[Category:Former Heads of Government]]
[[Category:South America]]
[[Category:Presidential Medal of Freedom award winners]]
[[Category:Conservatives]]
[[Category:Anti-Communism]]
[[Category:Catholic Politicians]]

1969 Super Bowl

2026-10-13T02:42:08Z

RoadtoEmmaus: Remove duplicate period after closing quotation mark

The '''1969 Super Bowl''' was thought by star participant Bubba Smith of the Baltimore Colts to have been thrown to the other side by a teammate as desired by the Colts' owner, so that the New York Jets would win in a big upset. The Baltimore Colts were a 7-to-1 favorite — one of the heaviest favorites in any comparable sporting event in history — and thus the victory by the Jets gave an enormous payoff to [[gambling|gamblers]] who bet on the Jets. The Colts were 13-1 in the regular season, won the NFC title game 34-0, and the Jets' quarterback, Joe Namath, injured his throwing hand during the Super Bowl; yet the Jets won in this very unlikely upset. The owner of the 1969 Colts, Carroll Rosenbloom, was a high-stakes [[gambling|gambler]] on [[NFL]] games and was ultimately found drowned under mysterious circumstances in 1979.<ref>https://medium.com/@andrewszanton/carroll-rosenbloom-an-old-fashioned-nfl-owner-b4fb115a94d5</ref>

The [[NFL]] MVP for the 1968-69 season was the Colts' Earl Morrall with a quarterback rating for the season of 93.2,<ref>https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/M/MorrEa00.htm</ref> and yet he had a quarterback rating of less than 10 during this game until he was ultimately replaced by coach Don Shula. Morrall was a clutch player who never choked and who won the 1971 Super Bowl, so his awful performance was not due to nervousness.

A trick play known as a "flee flicker" resulted in the primary Colts receiver being wide open for a touchdown, but instead the savvy Morrall calmly threw the ball behind another receiver for an interception in the crowded middle of the field, which made absolutely no sense with time running out in the first half. This play is cited most by those who suspect that this game was intentionally lost, or "thrown" to the Jets.

Morrall was probably also the placeholder (spotter) for the two field goals of 27 and 48 yards missed by the Colts' kicker, Lou Michaels, who said afterward, “I am disgusted with myself.”<ref name="NYT">https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/22/sports/football/lou-michaels-who-lost-69-super-bowl-dies-at-80.html</ref> "The sting of losing the big game never left him, Michaels told ''The Baltimore Sun'' in 2010."<ref name="NYT"/> Michaels' brother was an assistant coach for the Jets in this Super Bowl.

"Willie Richardson, an All-Pro receiver for the Baltimore Colts and their leading pass-catcher in Super Bowl III ... caught six passes for 58 yards in the game, while receiver Jimmy Orr and tight end John Mackey had only three receptions apiece, along with modest reception yardage."<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/12/sports/football/willie-richardson-baltimore-colts-all-pro-receiver-dies-at-76.html</ref>. Richardson, who was black and the son of a [[Baptist]] preacher, is unlikely to have been part of any scheme by Morrall to lose the game intentionally.

The wealthy owner of the Baltimore Colts seemed pleased at a post-game "victory party,", and the earnest Colts player, Bubba Smith, was so dismayed by the unusual celebration after losing that Smith was even asked to leave the party.

The play-by-play of the game is posted online by ''[[USA Today]]''.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20110211184638/http://www.usatoday.com/sports/nfl/super/superbowl-iii-plays.htm</ref>
== See also ==
*[[gambling]]
*[[NFL values]]
== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[category:NFL]]

Elizabethton, Tennessee

2026-09-03T23:18:38Z

RoadtoEmmaus:

'''Elizabethton''' is a small town in northeast [[Tennessee]], having a population of about 14,000.

It is the hometown of two athletes who are both notable, coincidentally, in the [[Dallas]]-[[Fort Worth]] Metroplex: long time [[Dallas Cowboys]] tight-end Jason Witten and [[Texas Rangers (baseball team)|Texas Rangers]] outfielder Evan Carter (who played a key role in the Rangers' 2023 [[World Series]] title).

[[Category:Tennessee Cities and Towns]]

Bob Chapek

2026-09-03T01:42:14Z

RoadtoEmmaus: wikify

Robert Alan Chapek (born 1960) is a [[Liberal]] [[Hollywood]] executive who served as CEO of [[Disney]]. He took over after [[Robert Iger]] resigned in early 2020, and started making more headlines in 2022 regarding Disney’s response to Florida’s Parental Rights in Education Act which banned the teaching of [[sexual orientation]] to kids below 4th grade.

On November 20, 2022, Disney fired Chapek, and brought Iger back as CEO.<ref>https://www.msn.com/en-us/travel/news/what-disney-fans-can-expect-with-bob-iger-s-return-as-ceo-and-bob-chapek-s-departure/ar-AA14n549</ref> <ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/20/business/disney-robert-iger.html</ref>

==Controversy==

In 2022, Florida Governor [[Ron DeSantis]] signed the Parental Rights in Education Act which liberal opponents have dubbed “The Don’t Say Gay Bill.” Many liberal companies condemned Florida, but Chapek was reluctant at first, and headlines popped up that Pixar employees wanted to put more homosexual stuff in their content, but it kept getting censored by Disney, and many of their movies went straight to Disney+ rather than getting a theatrical release like Disney films such as Encanto. Eventually, Disney made a statement condemning the bill, and that resulted in Disney losing their self governing status in [[Disney World]] with their stocks tanking to below $100. Despite this, Chapek and Disney have continued to double down, and included a homosexual kissing scene in Pixar’s Lightyear which got a theatrical release, and it was Pixar’s biggest bomb since The Good Dinosaur. (Onward was a failure as well, but that has an asterisk due to theaters shutting down early due to the COVID-19 pandemic.)

After the Supreme Court overturned Roe v. Wade, Disney and many other corporations stated it will pay travel costs for their employees that live in an anti-abortion state to get an abortion in a pro-abortion state.

Handel's Messiah

2026-09-03T01:40:42Z

RoadtoEmmaus: wikify

'''[[George Frideric Handel|Handel]]'s ''Messiah''''' is an [[oratorio]] encompassing key Bible phrases in the life of [[Jesus Christ]]. It is sung by a full chorus with orchestra and soloists.

It is considered perhaps Handel's greatest work, and one of the finest pieces of music of the [[Baroque]] period. Handel said that while composing this it was “as if I saw [[God]] on his throne, and all his [[angel]]s around him.”<ref>https://www.udiscovermusic.com/classical-features/best-handel-works-10-essential-pieces/</ref>

One of the key choruses in the ''Messiah'' is the [[Hallelujah]] chorus, which occurs at the end of the second part of the oratorio. It has become a tradition for audiences to stand during this act, originating to when King [[George II]] stood at a performance in the 1700s.

== See also ==

*[[Hallelujah]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Classical Works]]

Dress code

2026-09-03T01:40:12Z

RoadtoEmmaus: wikify

A '''dress code''' is a mandatory requirement or guideline for clothing and shoes, as used in workplaces, schools, and some social settings such as [[bars]] and [[restaurants]], as well as more formal occasions such as [[balls]].

Some [[school]]s require a dress code or [[uniform]] to maintain discipline and morality. Dress codes have been shown to improve educational performance and reduce school violence. [[Liberal]]s tend to oppose dress codes, claiming that they stifle [[free speech]].<ref>http://www.elizabethcrookbooks.com/articles/dress_code.htm</ref>
[[Category:Education]]

==References==
<references/>

Ceiling fan

2026-09-03T01:39:07Z

RoadtoEmmaus: dewikify

A '''ceiling fan''' is a device suspended from the ceiling of a room, which employs hub-mounted rotating paddles to circulate air in order to produce a cooling or destratification effect.

== History ==
The first ceiling fans appeared in the 1860s and 1870s, in the [[United States]]. At that time, they were not powered by any form of [[electric motor]]. Instead, a stream of running [[water]] was used, in conjunction with a [[turbine]], to drive a system of belts which would turn the blades of two-blade fan units. These systems could accommodate several fan units, and so became popular in stores, [[restaurant]]s, and offices. Some of these systems still survive today, and can be seen in parts of the [[southern United States]] where they originally proved useful.

The electrically-powered ceiling fan was invented in 1882 by Philip Diehl (pronounced the same as "deal"). Diehl had engineered the electric motor used in the first Singer [[sewing machine]]s, and in 1882 adapted that motor for use in a ceiling-mounted fan. "The Diehl Electric Fan", as it was known, operated like a common modern-day ceiling fan; each fan had its own self-contained motor unit, eliminating the need for costly and bulky belt systems.<ref>The Fan Book</ref>

Diehl was, almost immediately, up against fierce competition due to the commercial success of the ceiling fan. However, he continued to make improvements to his invention. One such improvement, the "Diehl Electrolier", was a light kit adapted onto the ceiling fan to compensate for any light fixture(s) displaced by the installation of the ceiling fan, and/or to add extra overhead lighting to the room.

By [[World War I]], most ceiling fans were being manufactured with four blades instead of the original two. Besides making fans quieter, this change allowed them to circulate more air, thereby making more efficient use of their motors.

By the 1920s, ceiling fans had become commonplace in the United States, and had started to take hold internationally; however, during the [[Great Depression]], ceiling fans faded out of vogue in the U.S.<ref>The Fan Book</ref> By the end of [[World War II]], ceiling fans had become almost non-existent, and remained that way into the 1950s. Those which remained were considered items of nostalgia. However, the ceiling fan was still very popular in other countries, notably those with warm climates which could not afford high-energy-consuming devices, namely [[air conditioning]].

In the 1960s, some [[Oriental]] manufacturers started exporting their ceiling fans to the [[United States]]. They caught on slowly at first, but found great success during the energy crisis of the late 1970s, since ceiling fans consume far less energy than air conditioning units.

Due to this renewed commercial success, many American manufacturers started to produce (or significantly increase production of) ceiling fans, resulting in a revival of interest in the product. The well-known Casablanca Fan Company was founded in 1974. Other popular American manufacturers at the time included the Hunter Fan Co. (which was then a division of Robbins & Myers, Inc), FASCO (F. A. Smith Co.), [[Emerson Electric]], and Lasko; the latter two were often relabeled and sold by [[Sears-Roebuck]].

During the rest of the 1970s, and through to the late 1980s, ceiling fans remained popular in the American market. Many small American manufacturers, most of them rather short-lived, started making ceiling fans. Throughout the 1980s, the balance of sales between American-made ceiling fans and those imported from [[Oriental]] manufacturers changed dramatically. The high cost of American parts and labor became prohibitive for many consumers (for example, a ''basic'' American-made ceiling fan could cost anywhere from $100 to $250, whereas the cost of the ''fanciest'' imported fans rarely exceeded $85).

Due to the ever-reducing cost of amenities such as [[air conditioning]], ceiling fan sales once again started to decline, beginning in the early- to mid-1990s. With the reduction in sales came a reduction in research and development, as well as features. Once-standard features (such as solid wood blades, built-in [[Potentiometer|variable-speed dials]], high-quality stator/rotor ("stack") motors, and die-cast steel construction) have been largely replaced by cheap, standardized parts.

While a few companies still offer high-quality ceiling fans, the majority of fans sold today consist of: (a) a poorly-ventilated import spinner motor (commonly advertised as a "###x## [[Millimeter|mm]] direct-drive motor"), (b) particle-board or reinforced-paperboard blades with a computer-printed laminate plastic finish, and (c) a stylized decorative motor encasement ("housing") and adornments. All of these fans cost the same approximate amount to produce (between $5 and $45), since the motors and blade materials are all standardized and widely available, and inexpensive [[The Orient|overseas]] labor is used.<ref>http://www.smc.com.hk/financial_inf/fin.html</ref> However, wholesalers and retailers set prices by style, based on current decorating trends, meaning that some fan models can be priced at a 1,000 percent or greater increase over production cost ($50 to $600 retail).<ref>http://www.smc.com.hk/financial_inf/fin.html</ref> This stands in contrast to the 1970s, where production cost was between $60 and $150 for a top-of-the-line American-made fan, yet retail prices were generally $125-$300, making the average [[Markup (business)|markup]] only about 200 percent.

As of 2007, the only ceiling fan still made in America is the [http://www.marleymep.com/develop/Products/DecCeilFan/Gillespie.htm "Gillespie"] model, by Marley Engineered Products of [[Bennettsville, South Carolina|Bennettsville, SC]]. Casablanca Fan Co. has been bought by Hunter Fan Co., and Hunter has shipped production for both lines overseas. [[Emerson Electric]] has also shipped their ceiling fan production overseas, and both Lasko and FASCO no longer manufacture ceiling fans.

==Uses==
Most ceiling fans can be used in two different ways; that is, most fans have a mechanism, commonly an electrical switch, for reversing the direction in which the blades rotate.

In '''summer''', when the fan's direction of rotation is set so that air is blown downward (typically counter-clockwise, when standing under the fan and looking upwards), the breeze created by a ceiling fan speeds the evaporation of sweat on human skin, which is experienced as a cooling effect.

In '''winter''', buildings in colder climates are usually heated. Air naturally stratifies—that is, warmer air rises to the ceiling while cooler air sinks to the floor. A ceiling fan, with its direction of rotation set so that air is drawn upward (typically clockwise), takes cool air from lower levels in the room and pushes it upward towards the ceiling. The warm air, which had naturally risen to the ceiling, is forced out of the way of the incoming cool air; it travels along the ceiling and down the walls, to lower levels where people in the room can feel it; this reverse rotation has the added advantages of not creating the wind-chill effect of the summer operation scheme, and of heating the air slightly by forcing it along the entire surface area of the ceiling which is typically hot due to risen hot air trapped on the other side in the attic.

== Parts of a ceiling fan ==
The key components of a ceiling fan are:

* An [[electric motor|electric '''motor''']] ''(see [[Ceiling fan#Types of ceiling fans|Types of ceiling fans]] below for descriptions)''
* Two to six paddles (called '''"blades"'''); usually made of [[wood]], [[Medium-density fibreboard|MDF]], [[metal]], or [[plastic]]; which mount under, on top of, or on the side of the motor. The majority of residential ceiling fans have either four or five blades, while most industrial ceiling fans have three. However, a very few specialized [[art]] fans (fans made more for artistic appearance than functionality) have other numbers of blades, such as one, or eight or more.

* Metal arms, called '''blade irons''' (alternately '''blade brackets''' or '''flanges'''), which connect the blades to the motor
* A '''mechanism for mounting''' the fan to the ceiling
** Some fans mount using a '''"ball-and-socket"''' system. With this system, there is a metal or plastic hemisphere mounted on the end of the downrod; this hemisphere rests in a ceiling-mounted metal bracket and allows the fan to move freely (which is very useful on vaulted ceilings). Some companies have come up with slight modifications of this design.
** Some fans mount using a '''"J-hook"''' (also known as a '''"claw-hook"''') system. In this system, a metal hook (which comes in a variety of configurations) secures to a ceiling-mounted metal bolt (again, available in a variety of configurations). Usually, there is a rubber bushing inserted between the hook and the bolt as a noise-reduction agent.
** Some fans can be mounted using a '''Low-Ceiling Adapter''', a special kit which must be purchased from the fan's manufacturer. This eliminates the need for a downrod, and is therefore useful in rooms with low ceiling clearance.
** In recent years, it has become increasingly common for a ball-and-socket fan to be designed such that the canopy (ceiling cover piece) can optionally be screwed directly into the top of the motor housing; then the whole fan can be secured directly onto the ceiling mounting bracket. This is known as a '''"close-to-ceiling"''' mount.

Other components, which vary by model and style, can include:

* A '''downrod''', a metal pipe used to suspend the fan from the ceiling. Downrods come in many lengths.
* A decorative encasement for the motor (known as the "'''motor housing'''").
* A '''switch housing''' (also known as a '''"switch cup"'''), a metal cylinder mounted below and in the center of the fan's motor. The switch housing is used to conceal and protect various components, which can include wires, capacitors, and switches; on fans that require oiling, it often conceals the oil reservoir which lubricates the bearings. The switch housing also makes for a convenient place to mount a light kit.
* '''Blade badges''', decorative adornments attached to the visible underside of the blades for the purpose of concealing the screws used to attach the blades to the blade irons.
* Assorted '''switches''' used for turning the fan on and off, adjusting the speed at which the blades rotate, changing the direction in which the blades rotate, and operating any lamps that may be present.
* Lamps
** '''''Uplights''''', which are installed on top of the fan's motor housing and project light up onto the ceiling, for aesthetic reasons (to "create ambiance")
** ''Downlights'', often referred to as a "'''light kit'''", which add ambient light to a room and can be used to replace any ceiling-mounted lamps that were displaced by the installation of a ceiling fan
** Decorative light bulbs mounted inside the motor housing - in this type of setup, the motor housing often has glass panel sections which allow light to shine though.

== Operating a ceiling fan ==
The way in which a fan is operated depends on its manufacturer, style, and the era in which it was made. Operating methods include:

* '''[[Pull switch|Pull-chain]]/pull-cord control.''' This is, by far, the most common method of operation for household fans. This style of fan is equipped with a metal-bead chain or cloth cord which, when pulled, cycles the fan through the operational speed(s) and then back to off. These fans typically have three speeds (high, medium, and low); however, the speed range can be anywhere from one through four.

* '''Variable-speed control.''' During the 1970s and 1980s, fans were often produced with a [[Potentiometer|variable-speed control]]. This was a dial mounted on the fan which, when turned in either direction, infinitely varied the speed at which the blades rotated—similar to a dimmer switch for a light fixture. A few fans substituted a rotary click-type switch for the infinite-speed dial, providing a set number of speeds (usually five).
**Different fan manufacturers used the variable-speed control in different ways:
*** The variable-speed dial controlling the fan entirely; to turn the fan on, the user turns the knob until it clicks out of the "off" position, and can then choose the fan's speed.
*** A pull-chain present along with the variable-speed control; the dial can be set in one place and left there, with the pull-chain serving only to turn the fan on and off. Many of these fans have an option to wire the light kit to this pull-chain in order to control both the fan and the light with one chain. Using this method, the user can have either the fan or light on individually, both on, or both off.
*** "Vari-Low": A pull-chain and variable-speed control are present. Such a fan has two speeds controlled by a pull-chain: high (full power, independent of the position of the variable-speed control), and variable (speed determined by the position of the variable-speed control).

* '''Wall-mounted control.''' Some fans have their control(s) mounted the wall instead of on the fans themselves; such controls and are usually proprietary and/or specialized switches.
** ''Digital control'': With this style of control, all of the fan's functions—on/off status, speed, direction of rotation, and any attached light fixtures—are controlled by a computerized wall control, which typically does not require any special wiring. Instead, it uses the normal house wiring to send coded electrical pulses to the fan, which decodes and acts on them using a built-in set of electronics. This style of control typically has anywhere from three to six speeds.
** ''Choke''. This style of switch takes varying physical forms. The wall control, which contains a resistor of some sort, determines how much power is delivered to the fan and therefore how fast it spins. Older incarnations of this type of control employed an iron-core transformer as their resistor; these controls were typically large, boxy, and surface-mounted on the wall. Those controls had anywhere from four to eight speeds, typically four or five. Newer versions of the choke-style control employ electronic equipment as their resistor; this is much smaller, so the switch is typically mounted in a standard in-wall gang box; these typically have four speeds.

* '''Wireless remote control.''' In recent years, remote controls have become an affordable option for controlling ceiling fans. While some models do employ this as their sole form of operation, it is more common for a person to purchase an after-market kit and install it on an existing fan. The hand-held remote transmits [[infrared]] signals to a receiver unit installed in the fan, which interprets and acts on the signals.

==Bases for comparison==
There are several factors which determine a fan's efficacy and efficiency. Each of these factors can be used as a basis for comparison when deciding between different candidate fans to purchase.

A fan's '''efficacy''' (in other words, its ability to generate airflow) is measured by its [[Cubic feet per minute|CFM]] (Cubic Feet of air moved per Minute) rating. The following factors all have an effect on a fan's CFM rating:
* ''Length of the fan's blades''. The longer a fan's blades are, the larger percentage of a room's air volume upon which the fan will have a relevant impact. This factor is of greater importance in large rooms. The majority of ceiling fans come in one of three sizes (sweep diameter): 36", 42", or 52".
* ''Total surface area of the fan's blades''. The greater a blade's surface area, the more air it is able to move. However, there can be "too much" surface area (refer to ''Blade surface area to air-feed ratio'' below).
* ''Pitch of the fan's blades''. The angle at which the fan's blades are tilted relative to the [[X-axis]] is referred to as the "blade pitch". The steeper (greater) the pitch, the greater the airflow. Since increased pitch also means increased [[Drag (physics)|drag]], only fans with well-made motors can support steep pitches. Cheaply-made fans typically have a pitch between 9 and 13 degrees. A pitch of 15 degrees and upwards is considered very good, with numbers in the 20s being the highest.
* ''Speed of rotation''. The speed at which a fan rotates, measured in [[Revolutions per minute|RPM]] (Revolutions Per Minute), directly correlates to the amount of air moved. Faster rotation equals greater airflow.
* ''Blade surface area to air-feed ratio''. In general, more blade surface area means greater airflow. However, if there is too much blade surface area, there will not be adequate space between the blades for air to be drawn through. Fans which have an unusually large blade surface area, such as fans with decorative palm-leaf-style blades or many fans with six blades, do not have adequate space between the blades for an unrestricted amount of air to be drawn through. This results in reduced airflow. The effect of this ranges from negligible to dramatic, depending on the exact dimensions involved. Contrary to popular belief, more blades typically does ''not'' equal more airflow. Most four-bladed fans move more air than comparable five-bladed fans spinning at the same speed; this is indeed noticeable on five-bladed fans which have an option to install only four of the blades. Also due to this effect, the overwhelmingly vast majority of industrial fans have three blades.
* ''Height of the fan relative to the ceiling''. If a fan is too close to the ceiling, the airflow is restricted; that is, the fan will not be able to draw as much air through its blades as it has the potential to do. For this reason, "hugger"-style fans (those which mount directly to the ceiling without the use of a downrod) are all inherently disadvantaged. The distance that a fan should be mounted from the ceiling is directly correlated with its air-moving potential; no fan should be mounted with its blades closer than 24 inches to the ceiling, however that figure is often far greater with industrial fans. Unfortunately, this is often impossible in household situations due to the fact that a minimum ceiling height of nine feet would be required to meet safety codes ("blades must be mounted a minimum of seven feet from the floor", and 8 or more feet is typically desired).

In addition to all of the aforementioned factors, there are certain other factors which have an effect on a fan's '''''perceived'' efficacy''' (how efficacious an observer experiences a fan as being):
* ''Height of the fan relative to the observer''. The closer the fan is to the observer, the more air movement the observer will feel. A fan mounted close to the ceiling in a high-ceilinged room will have a lower perceived efficacy than if it were mounted closer to the ground.
* ''Tilt of the fan's blades relative to the [[Z-axis]]''. A few fan manufacturers, notably FASCO, constructed their fans such that the blades had an "up-tilt"; that is, they were tilted relative to the Z-axis. While this increased the area of the room over which the fan had a direct effect, thereby increasing the efficacy perceived by persons standing at the edges of the room, it decreased the airflow concentrated immediately under the fan, thereby reducing the efficacy perceived by anyone standing/sitting directly underneath it.
* ''Humidity of the room''. Since a fan creates its cooling effect by speeding the evaporation of moisture (both sweat and ambient humidity) on human skin, its perceived efficacy is directly correlated with the amount of [[humidity]] (moisture) in the room. In dry environments, such as desert climates, a fan has a lesser perceived efficacy than in humid environments; this is especially notable during cold weather, where a humid environment has a pronounced wind-chill effect which is lacking in dry environments.

In terms of '''efficiency''' (in other words, airflow generated versus energy input), the basis for comparison is to divide the fan's [[Cubic feet per minute|CFM]] rating by its input wattage. So, if the fan moves 6630 CFM on its highest speed, and uses 85 watts to do so, its energy efficiency is 78. A consumer can apply that same equation to several candidate fans to objectively compare their energy efficiency.

==Types of ceiling fans==
Many styles of ceiling fans have been developed over the years, in response to several different factors such as growing energy-consumption consciousness and changes in decorating styles. The advent and evolution of electronic technology has also played a major role in ceiling fan development. Following is a list of major ceiling fan styles and their defining characteristics:

* '''Cast-iron ceiling fans'''. Cast-iron ceiling fans account for almost all ceiling fans made from their invention in 1882 through the 1950s. A cast-iron housing encases a very heavy-duty oil-bath motor, usually of the [[Shaded-pole motor|shaded-pole]] variety. These fans must be oiled periodically, usually once or twice per year, since they use an oil-bath system for lubrication. Because these fans are so sturdily built, and due to their utter lack of electronic components, it is not uncommon to see cast-iron fans aged eighty years or more running strong and still in use today.
** The '''Hunter 'Original'''' (manufactured by the Hunter Fan Co., formerly a division of Robbins & Myers, Inc.) is an example of a cast-iron ceiling fan. It has enjoyed the longest production run of any fan in history, dating from 1906 to the present (it is still being manufactured as the "Classic Original", with several spin-off models). The Original employed a [[shaded-pole motor]] from its inception until the late 1980s, at which point it was changed to a [[Electric motors#Permanent split-capacitor motor|permanent split-capacitor]] motor. Though the fan's physical appearance remained unchanged, the motor was further downgraded in 2002 when production was shipped [[The Orient|overseas]]; the motor, though still oil-lubricated, was switched to a "skeletal" design, as discussed below.

* '''Stack-motor ceiling fans'''. In the late 1970s, due to rising energy costs prompted by the [[1979 energy crisis|energy crisis]], [[Emerson Electric Company|Emerson]] invented a new style of electric motor designed specifically for ceiling fans, the "stack" motor. This powerful, energy-efficient motor aided in the comeback of ceiling fans in America, since it was far less expensive to operate than air conditioning. With this design (which consists of a basic [[stator]] and squirrel-cage [[Rotor (electric)|rotor]]), the fan's blades mount to a central hub, known as a '''flywheel'''. The flywheel can be made of either metal or reinforced rubber, and can be mounted either flush with the fan's motor housing (concealed) or prominently below the fan's motor housing (known as a '''"dropped flywheel"'''). Many manufacturers used and/or developed their own stack motors, including (but not limited to) Casablanca, Emerson, FASCO, Hunter, and NuTone. Some manufacturers trademarked their personal incarnation of this motor: for example, Emerson came out with the "K55" and "K63" motors, and Casablanca with the "XLP-2000". One of the earliest stack-motor fans was the Emerson "Universal", a utilitarian fan with a dropped flywheel and blades made of [[fiberglass]] or [[plastic]]. This fan was produced from 1976 through 1983 and, while targeted at commercial settings, also found great success in residential settings. While this motor is not nearly as widely used as in the 1970s and 1980s, it can still be found in certain high-end Casablanca and Emerson fans, and the aforementioned Marley "Gillespie".

One disadvantage of this type of fan is that the flywheel, if it is made from rubber, will degrade over time and eventually fail; this is not dangerous, but it renders the fan inoperable until the flywheel is replaced.

* '''Direct-drive ceiling fans''' employ a motor with a stationary inner core with a shell that revolves around it (commonly called a "spinner" motor); the blades attach to this shell. Direct-drive motors are the least expensive motors to produce, and on the whole are the most prone to failure and noise generation.<ref>The Fan Book</ref> While the very first motors of this type (which debuted in the 1960s) were relatively heavy-duty, the quality of these motors has dropped significantly in recent years. This type of motor has become the standard for today's fans; it has been (and is) used in all [[Home Depot|Hampton Bay]] and [[Lowe's|Harbor Breeze]] ceiling fans, and has become commonly used by all other brands.
** '''Spinner''' fans employ a direct-drive motor and do not have a stationary decorative cover (motor housing). This accounts for most '''industrial-style fans''' (though such fans sometimes have more moderate-quality motors), and some inexpensive residential-style fans (particularly those made overseas).
** '''Spinner-motor fans''', sometimes confusingly (and incorrectly) referred to as "spinners", employ a direct-drive (spinner) motor and ''do'' have a stationary decorative cover (motor housing). "Spinner-motor" fans account for nearly all fans manufactured from the late 1980s to the present, including nearly all fans made overseas.

* '''Skeletal motors''', which are a high-quality subset of direct-drive motors, can be found on some nicer fans. Examples of skeletal motors include Hunter's "AirMax" motor, Casablanca's "XTR200" motor, and the motors made by Lasko for use in their ceiling fans. Skeletal motors differ from regular direct-drive motors in that:
** They have an open ("skeletal") design, which allows for far better ventilation and therefore a longer lifespan. This is in comparison to a regular direct-drive motor's design, in which the motor's inner workings are completely enclosed within a tight metal shell which may or may not have openings for ventilation; when openings are present, they are almost always small to the point of being inadequate.
** They are larger than regular direct-drive motors and, as a result, are more powerful and less prone to burning out.

* '''Friction-drive ceiling fans'''. This short-lived type of ceiling fan was attempted by companies such as Emerson and NuTone in the late 1970s with little success. Its advantage was its tremendously low power consumption, but the fans were unreliable and very noisy, in addition to being grievously underpowered. Friction-drive ceiling fans employ a low-[[torque]] motor that is mounted transversely in relation to the flywheel. A rubber wheel mounted on the end of the motor's shaft drove a hub (via contact friction, hence the name) which, in turn, drove the flywheel. It was a system based on the fact that a low-torque motor spinning quickly can drive a large, heavy device at a slow speed without great energy consumption ''(see [[Gear ratio]])''.

* '''Gear-drive ceiling fans'''. These were similar to (and even less common than) the friction drive models; however, instead of a rubber wheel on the motor shaft using friction to turn the flywheel, a gear on the end of the motor shaft meshed with gear teeth formed into the flywheel, thus rotating it.

* '''Belt-driven ceiling fans'''. As stated earlier in this article, the first ceiling fans used a water-powered system of [[Belt (mechanical)|belts]] to turn the blades of fan units (which consisted of nothing more than blades mounted on a flywheel). For period-themed decor, a few companies (notably Fanimation) have created reproduction belt-drive fan systems. The reproduction systems feature an electric motor as the driving force, in place of the water-powered motor.

==Safety concerns with installation==
A typical ceiling fan weighs between 15 and 35 pounds when fully assembled. While many junction boxes can support that weight while the fan is hanging still, a fan ''in operation'' exerts many additional stresses—notably [[Torsion (mechanics)|torsion]]—on the object from which it is hung; this can cause an improper junction box to fail. For this reason, in the United States the [[National Electric Code]] (document [[NFPA]] 70, Article 314) states that ceiling fans must be supported by an electrical junction box listed for that use. It is a common mistake for homeowners to replace a light fixture with a ceiling fan without upgrading to a proper junction box.

Another concern with installing a ceiling fan relates to the height of the blades relative to the floor. American law states that no fan can be mounted with its blades closer than seven feet from the floor; this often proves, however, to not be high enough. If a person fully extends his or her arms into the air—as sometimes happens during normal tasks such as stretching, changing bedsheets, or recreation—he/she may become seriously injured if there is an operating ceiling fan mounted too close. Also, if one is carrying a ladder, long [[Lumber|wooden board]], [[Pipe (material)|pipe]], or some other long and awkward object, one end may inadvertently enter the path of rotation of a ceiling fan's blades; this can be very dangerous if the fan is operating at the time, and can cause damage to the fan regardless.

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
{{cite book |last=Scharff |first=Robert |coauthors=Casablanca Fan Co. |title=The Fan Book |year=1983 |publisher=Reston Publishing Co, Inc. |location=Reston, VA 22090 |language=English |isbn=0-8359-1855-6 |pages=128}}

==External links==
{{commons}}
;Fan-interest sites
*[http://www.fancollectors.org Antique Fan Collectors' Association]
*[http://www.vintageceilingfans.com Vintage Ceiling Fans], an online ceiling fan community w/ galleries and forums
*[http://www.fans.dangeroustacos.com/forum/index.php Dangerous Tacos], a second online ceiling fan community w/ galleries and forums
*[http://www.sevillefans.com Seville Fans LLC], a group specializing in vintage ceiling fans and their restoration/maintenance
*[http://www.vintagefans.com Vintage Fans, L.L.C.], a group specializing in antique ceiling fans and their restoration/maintenance
*[http://www.texasceilingfans.com Texas Ceiling Fans], a second group specializing in antique ceiling fans and their restoration/maintenance, complete with a museum

;Major ceiling fan brands
*[http://www.casablancafanco.com Casablanca]
*[http://www.emersonfans.com Emerson]
*[http://www.hunterfan.com Hunter]
*[http://www.craftmade.com Craftmade]
*[http://www.montecarlofans.com Monte Carlo]
*[http://www.regencyfan.com Regency]

;Basic fan installation information
*[http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/153253/how_to_install_a_ceiling_fan_or_change.html How to Install a Ceiling Fan or Change a Light Fixture]

;Manufacturers specializing in art-type fans
*[http://www.fanimation.com Fanimation]
*[http://www.architecturalfans.com Woolen Mill Fan Company]

[[Category:Technology]]

USS Achomawi (ATF-148)

2026-09-01T15:41:24Z

RoadtoEmmaus: convert from European to American style of dates

'''Achomawi (AT-148)''' was laid down on January 15, 1944 at [[Charleston]], [[S.C.]], by the Charleston Shipbuilding & Drydock Co.; redesignated ATF-148 on May 15, 1944; launched on June 14, 1944; sponsored by Mrs. J. F. Veronee; and commissioned on 11 November 1944, Lt. R. H. Teter in command.

The tug departed Charleston on November 28 bound for the Chesapeake Bay for shakedown training. She then entered the Norfolk Navy Yard, Portsmouth, [[Virginia]], for post-shakedown availability. Late in December, Achomawi arrived back at Charleston but soon sailed for Wilmington, [[N.C.]], to pick up ARDC-J, for towing to the west coast. The tug transited the [[Panama Canal]] late in January 1945 and continued on to San Pedro, Calif., where she arrived on February 17.

Achomawi operated along the west coast through 3 March. On that day, she got underway from [[San Francisco]], Calif., bound for [[Pearl Harbor]], [[Hawaii]], with two pontoon barges in tow. Upon her arrival in Hawaiian waters on the 16th, the tug commenced target towing and mooring duties in the Pearl Harbor area and remained at the task until 22 May, when she shaped a course to Okinawa with three barges in tow. She made stops at Eniwetok and Guam before reaching Okinawa on 1 July. The vessel then assisted in moving Service Division 104 from Kerama Retto to Buckner Bay, Okinawa. She set sail on 12 July with a convoy bound for [[Guam]].

Achomawi reached Guam on the 17th and, five days later, got underway for Eniwetok. At that atoll, she assumed duty with Service Division 102 and operated there through the end of World War II in mid-August. On 15 October, she shaped a course for [[Tokyo]], [[Japan]]. The tug arrived there 10 days later and departed Japanese waters on 9 November, bound for Ulithi. At that atoll, the tug took Malvem (IX-138) in tow and got underway for the Philippine Islands. She reached Manila on the 19th and operated in the Luzon area through 6 December.

Later that month, Achmnaun attempted to tow three barges from Samar, [[Philippine]] Islands, to Okinawa. En route, two broke loose due to heavy seas and were lost. The third capsized due to shifting cargo and had to be destroyed. The tug finally arrived at Okinawa on 29 December.

On 12 January 1946, Aclwmawi got underway for the west coast of the [[United States]]. She made port calls at Eniwetok, Kwajalein, Johnston Island, and Pearl Harbor. The tug finally made San Francisco on 3 March. After spending one month in port there, Achomawi departed California in early April to return to the western Pacific to support Operation "Crossroads," which involved atomic testing at Bikini Atoll. The tug carried out various towing assignments between Pearl Harbor, Bikini, Eniwetok, and Kwajalein. She was released from this operation in August, left Hawaii on 14 September, and arrived in [[San Francisco Bay]] on 2 October.

Early in December, Achomawi received orders to proceed to the Panama Canal Zone. She touched at Balboa on 29 December and picked up ARD-6 for towing to Jacksonville, Fla. The tug then transited the canal and reached Jacksonville on 4 January 1947. After delivering her tow, she set a course for New Orleans, La. Upon her arrival on 9 January, the ship entered preinactivation availability. Achomawi completed this in early March and got underway on the 9th for Orange, Tex. She was decommissioned there on 10 June 1947 and was laid up at Orange. Her name was struck from the Navy list on 1 September 1962. The vessel was then transferred to the Maritime Administration and was laid up at Mobile, Ala.<ref>[http://www.history.navy.mil/danfs/a2-list.htm Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships]</ref>

==References==
<references/>

{{DEFAULTSORT:Achomawi, USS}}
[[Category:Ships]]

Universe

2026-09-01T15:40:06Z

RoadtoEmmaus: wikify dark matter

[[File:Udf.jpg|thumb|The [[Hubble Space Telescope#Photography|Hubble Ultra-Deep Field]]: a very deep view in the Universe]]
The '''universe''' is, in principle, all of material existence or natural things ([[matter]] and [[energy]]).
Therefore, everything outside of the universe is not natural or material, but supernatural (things going beyond nature, literally "above ''super''" + "[[nature]]").
However, in order to solve problems with naturalistic explanations of the origin of the universe, some speculate that there are other universes.

There have been and continue to be a number of competing ideas about the universe, but most agree that the universe is expanding. The size, shape, and age of the universe, as well as how it began, are, however, all points of contention. Current theories on the universe means that scientists are only able to account for 4% of the matter in the universe, so new theories of [[dark matter]] (unseen matter) have been developed to explain this.<ref>[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/20360059/ Where is the rest of the universe?]</ref>

Observed data—such as data released in April 2019 showing the rapid expansion of the universe—contradict [[atheist]]ic theories of the universe.

== Shape ==

The common view among [[cosmology|cosmologists]] is that the universe is a four dimensional Riemannian [[manifold]] whose spatial part of the metric is increasing over time. This is interpreted as an expansion of the universe.

Imagine you are at a random spot on a spotted balloon, when someone inflates the balloon you'll see the spots moving away from you, so it would seem you are at the center of the expansion.
Furthermore, the further away the spots are the faster they move away from you.
This is also true for the universe: the more distant a [[galaxy]] is, the faster it moves away from us.

Further imagine that you are a creature that only exists in two dimensions.
That is, you have width and depth, but no height.
So living on the surface of the balloon, you cannot see the shape of the balloon itself.
If you went for a walk in a straight line, you would actually go around the balloon and end up where you started, despite not being aware that you were travelling in a circle.

The theory goes that the three dimensions of our universe that we can see are like the two dimensions of the surface of the balloon, which wraps around on itself in another dimension, so that if we travelled through space in a straight line, we would eventually return to our starting point. The fourth dimension is [[time]] and [[String theory]] holds the universe exists right up to [[The Tenth Dimension|ten dimensions]].

One consequence of this idea is that the universe therefore has no edge (just like there is no edge to the surface of a balloon) and therefore no center.
Thus for any location in space, it would appear that that location is at the center of the expansion of the universe.

If we were really at the center of the universe, this would support the idea that the [[Earth]] occupies a "special place" in the universe, which would support the biblical idea of [[creation]], even though the [[Bible]] does not claim that the Earth is physically in the center of the universe.
So many scientists find the idea that it only ''looks like'' we are at the center of the universe an attractive one.

In the mid 1970s the astronomer [[William Tifft]] put forward the idea that red shift distances were quantized and possibly organized into spheres. If the observations were accurate, then it would suggest that the Earth is at or close to the centre of these spheres. While this centre is not necessarily the same thing as the centre of universe, it would certainly put Earth in a "special place".<ref>Humphreys, Russell, [http://www.creationontheweb.com/content/view/1570/ Our galaxy is the center of the universe, ‘quantized’ redshifts show], ''Journal of Creation'' 16(2):95–104, 2002.</ref> However, Tifft's original data involved a relatively small sample of around 200 bodies. Later observations have revealed that there is red shift clumping, due to structures such as [[supercluster complexes]], it is random in terms of direction and does indicate any symmetrical pattern.<ref>Tang, S. M.; Zhang, S. N. (2005). "Critical Examinations of QSO Redshift Periodicities and Associations with Galaxies in Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data". Astrophysical Journal 633 (1): 41.</ref><ref>Schneider, et al. (2007). "The Sloan Digital Sky Survey Quasar Catalog. IV. Fifth Data Release". The Astrophysical Journal 134 (1): 102–117.</ref>

== Origin of the universe ==

[[Creation science|Creationist scientists]] demonstrate that the [[First Law of Thermodynamics|first law of thermodynamics]] and [[second law of thermodynamics]] argue against an eternal universe and they also demonstrate that these laws point to the universe being supernaturally created.<ref>[http://godevidences.net/space/lawsofscience.php Evidences for God From Space—Laws of Science]</ref><ref>Thompson, Bert, [http://www.apologeticspress.org/articles/2329 So Long, Eternal Universe; Hello Beginning, Hello End!], 2001 (Apologetics Press)</ref><ref>http://www.creationscience.com/onlinebook/AstroPhysicalSciences14.html</ref>

===Equivocation===

Equivocation is the use of word with multiple meanings, and then using a different meaning in the conclusion than in the premise.

For example: "The coach said we should eat light, so take your heavy coat off."

Equivocation is a [[logical fallacy]].<ref>[http://onegoodmove.org/fallacy/equiv.htm Equivocation]</ref>

[[Atheism|Atheists]], using the fallacy of equivocation, attempt to obscure this matter (see: [[Atheism and equivocation|Atheism equivocation and the origin of the universe]]).

== Age ==

According to the [[Big Bang theory]], the universe erupted into existence from a highly compact [[singularity]]<ref>Discover magazine, in introducing the ideas of [[Alan Guth]], said, "The universe burst into something from absolutely nothing—zero, nada. And as it got bigger, it became filled with even more stuff that came from absolutely nowhere." Discover, April 2002.</ref><ref name="bigbang">[https://www.pbs.org/deepspace/timeline/] The creation of the universe came from a [[singularity]], not "nothing"</ref> approximately 13.7 billion years ago, and has been [[expanding universe|expanding]] ever since. This is the current [[scientific consensus]] and is agreed upon by the vast majority of the scientific community.<ref>http://www.interacademies.net/10878/13901.aspx</ref>

Ancient Christian Biblical accounts disagree with contemporary science, and adherents to such are known as young Earth Creationists. Bishop [[James Ussher]] calculated the universe was created on October 23, 4004 BC. While this is not the only biblical chronology which has been developed, almost all chronologies give a creation date near 4000 BC{{citation needed}}.

This gives rise to the "[[starlight problem]]" for some Christians, although there is nothing inherently illogical about the creation of light ''in situ'' to inform humanity of the existence of objects farther away than 6000 light-years. Believers in relativity have constructed a number of models which explain the age of the universe as being affected by the time-warping effects of gravity as predicted by [[Einstein]]'s [[General Theory of Relativity]], so that the age of the universe as measured by a hypothetical observer at the edge of the universe might be 14 billion years, but as measured by an observer on Earth is only 6,000 years.<ref>Batten, Don, et. al., [http://www.creationontheweb.com/images/pdfs/cabook/chapter5.pdf How can we see distant stars in a young universe?], chapter 5 of ''The Creation Answers Book'', 2007.</ref>

== Size ==

A recent calculation placed the visible universe at about 156 billion [[light year]]s across.<ref name="size">[http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/mystery_monday_040524.html Universe Measured: We're 156 Billion Light-years Wide!] (Space.com)</ref>
This creates a dilemma of faster than light movement, but it is speculated that the expansion of space itself can exceed the [[speed of light]] even if the objects within it moving on their own can not.<ref name="size" />
As an analogy, imagine ants (galaxies), that can't walk faster than 20 centimetres per second, sitting on an elastic cord.
Normally two ants moving away from each other could not exceed a speed of 40 cm/s relative to each other (speed of light).
However, if the cord is stretched while the ants are moving (expansion of space), the ants' speed relative to each other can be greater.

==See also==
*[[Expanding universe]]
*[[Ultimate fate of the universe]]
*[[Atheism and the origin of the universe]]

==External links==
*[http://www.relativitycalculator.com/models_universe.shtml Early Models of the Universe]
==References==
{{reflist|2}}

[[Category:Astronomy]]

Bob Saget

2026-09-01T15:43:18Z

RoadtoEmmaus: add his years when he was born and passed away

'''Bob Saget''' (1956–2022) was an [[America]]n [[comedian]] who is known for his role as Danny Tanner on the [[ABC]] TV show ''[[Full House]]'' and as the host of ''America's Funniest Home Videos''. He currently has a voice-over role on the [[CBS]] comedy ''[[How I Met Your Mother]]''. Many believe him to be a family-friendly entertainer, but his current stage act is extremely vulgar.<ref>http://www.thesmokinggun.com/backstagetour/bobsaget/bobsaget1.html</ref> His appearance in the movie ''The Aristocrats'' included Saget's disturbing rendition of a very off-color joke.<ref>https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4797499</ref>

==References==
<references/>

==External links==
*[https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0756114/ Bob Saget] at the Internet Movie Database

[[Category:Comedians]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Saget, Bob}}
[[Category:Hollywood Values]]

William R. Day

2026-09-01T15:16:29Z

RoadtoEmmaus: dewikify

{{Officeholder
|name=William Rufus Day
|image=
|party=[[Republican]]
|spouse=Mary Elizabeth Schaefer
|religion=[[Lutheran]]
|offices=
{{Officeholder/Supreme Court Justice
|role=Associate
|nominator=[[Theodore Roosevelt]]
|terms=February 23, 1903 – November 13, 1922
|preceded=[[George Shiras, Jr.]]
|former=y
|succeeded=[[Pierce Butler]]
}}
{{Officeholder/secretary (cabinet)
|of=State
|number=36th
|deputy=n
|president=[[William McKinley]]
|terms=April 28, 1898 – September 16, 1898
|preceded=John Sherman
|former=y
|succeeded=John Hay
}}
}}
'''William Rufus Day''' was a [[politician]] and jurist from [[Ohio]]. He helmed the United States Peace Commission to sign the 1898 [[Treaty of Paris]] - which ended the [[Spanish-American War]]. As a member of the [[United States Supreme Court]], Day wrote 439 opinions - only 18 of which were dissents: these opinions advanced state power and generally sided with [[antitrust]] laws.<ref name="ojc">{{cite web|url=http://www.supremecourt.ohio.gov/ohiojudicialcenter/w_r_day.asp|language=English|title=William Rufus Day (April 17, 1849 - July 9, 1923)|work=The Ohio Judicial Center}}</ref> He also sided with the government in the ''[[Standard Oil]]'', ''[[Tobacco|American Tobacco]]'', and both ''Union Pacific'' cases. He sided against government in [[Hammer v. Dagenhart]] - which ruled that the federal government could not use the [[Commerce Clause]] to regulate labor conditions, in this case a child labor law.<ref name="jrank">{{cite web|url=http://law.jrank.org/pages/5972/Day-William-Rufus.html|language=English|title=William Rufus Day|work=law.jrank}}</ref> This decision would be overturned by United States v. Darby Lumber Co.

Day dissented in [[Lochner v. New York]] - the case that began the "''Lochner Era''" - arguing that the federal government could promote public welfare over liberty of contract. Day also wrote the opinion for the [[exclusionary rule]] in Weeks v. United States - saying that the [[4th Amendment]] barred evidence seized illegally from being admitted at trial.<ref name="jrank"/>

==References==
<references/>

{{Supreme Court|fuller=y|white=y|taft=y}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Day, William R.}}

Chicajuna

2026-09-01T05:12:47Z

RoadtoEmmaus: dewikify

'''Chicajuna''' is a popular Southern [[Chile]]an dish consisting of rice, beans, fish chunks, chipotle seasoning and fiery habenero peppers.

Traditionally, Chicajuna is consumed on the first day of [[spring]], and its strong [[flavor]] marks the transition from the blander [[winter]] cuisine to the more lively, flavorful food popular in the [[summer]].

[[Category:Chilean Food]]

Template:Mainpageright

2026-08-29T03:40:14Z

RoadtoEmmaus: "Sports betting is a quintessential form of gambling," rules three Trump-appointed Ninth Circuit judges in their big decision against Kalshi.

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</noinclude>
"'''[[sports gambling|Sports betting]] is a quintessential form of [[gambling]]'''," rules three [[Trump]]-appointed [[Ninth Circuit]] judges in their big decision against [[Kalshi]]. [https://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/opinions/2026/08/28/25-7516.pdf]
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"Possible '''[[Jesus]] Tomb Matching [[Bible]]''' Account Discovered" - [https://www.newsweek.com/possible-jesus-tomb-matching-bible-account-discovered-12381399 ''Newsweek'']
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'''[[Institute for the Study of War]] founder: [[Iran]] will be the leading power''' in the [[Middle East]] for the foreseeable future. [https://www.theatlantic.com/international/2026/08/iran-middle-east-power/688374/]
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'''At least 10 House incumbents lose primaries,''' highest number since the height of the [[Vietnam war]] in 1970. [https://www.orbitalaffairs.com/2026-house-incumbent-primary-defeats/]
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'''[[CBC]] tells staff''' not to refer to [[9/11]] as [[terrorist attack]]; [https://www.breitbart.com/the-media/2026/08/27/canadian-broadcasting-corp-tells-staff-not-refer-9-11-as-terrorist-attack/] [[State Dept]] drops [[ISIS]]/[[Al Qaeda]]-led [[Syria]] from terrorist list. [https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/us-removes-syrias-designation-state-sponsor-terrorism-2026-08-24/]
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'''[[NFL]] cancels its [[Pro Bowl]]''' [https://www.breitbart.com/sports/2026/08/27/nfl-ends-pro-bowl-after-75-years-will-still-honor-roster-at-seasons-end/] illustrating how [[NFL values]] are devoted to greed, [[gambling]], and [[liberal]] politics, not athletic merit.
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'''''[[NYT]]'': Has [[World War III]] already started?''' [https://archive.is/7xK4z]
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'''Too Big to Fail: "Pressure grows on [[House]] [[GOP]] leaders to act on [[data center]]s"''' [https://www.politico.com/news/2026/08/26/data-centers-republicans-affordability-midterms-01052001] ''but will it be "too little, too late"?''
----
'''[[Tsunami]] of [[federal]] [[debt]]''' rattles bond market and prompts [[Republican]] senators to balk at a proposed massive debt increase.
[https://thehill.com/homenews/senate/6050623-trump-debt-limit-bond-market-republicans/] The most important story. [https://x.com/DylanRatigan/status/2091896524380741977] [[Military]] action as the ultimate defense of the bond market--what does that mean? [https://meaninginhistory.substack.com/p/military-action-as-the-ultimate-defense]
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'''The [[Bessent]] / [[Jeffrey Epstein|Epstein]] connection.''' [https://x.com/leahfiles/status/2092324409243476117]
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'''Global [[diesel]] breakdown.''' [https://larrycjohnson.substack.com/p/global-diesel-breakdown] [[American]] [[farmer]]s face worst crisis as diesel & fertilizer costs surge. [https://youtu.be/mInsozHbxh0]
----
Endorsed by the [[South Carolina]] governor & [[Trump]] who held a rally for her, and [https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2026-election/live-blog/trump-2026-south-carolina-primary-congress-iran-live-updates-rcna594198#rcrd119307 promoted by $8M] from out-of-state [[PAC]]s, '''[[Lindsey Graham]]'s sister squeaks by with 52.5% in primary''' for his vacant seat. [https://www.enr-scvotes.org/SC/127179/web.345435/#/summary] Someone [[stupid]] heads from [[S.C.]] to [[D.C.]]. [https://www.nakedcapitalism.com/2026/08/south-carolina-darline-graham-lindsey-donald-trump-clyburn.html]
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'''''Breaking Points'': [[Bessent]] threatens to blow up''' global [[financial]] system. [https://youtu.be/0_xzTYDDQEM][https://youtu.be/_ugBoEIhfXM] [[Prof Pape]] ridicules Bessent's 'Economic D-Day'. [https://youtu.be/QwZgox4_cP0]
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'''[[Pollution]] emitted by [[data centers]] is at issue''' in objections to a new regulation to exempt them from disclosures. [https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2026/aug/25/datacenters-air-pollution-epa]
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'''Depraved [[NFL values]]''': "Owner of [[San Francisco 49ers]] Arrested in [[Ohio]] Trailer Park in Prostitution Bust." [https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2026/08/owner-san-francisco-49ers-arrested-trailer-park-prostitution/] ''[[Unplug the NFL|Unplug the taxpayer-subsidized NFL]]''.
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'''[[Zelensky regime]] moves to [[Conscription|forced mobilization]] of [[women]].''' [https://eventsinukraine.substack.com/p/mobilizing-the-madams][https://uazmi.com/news/post/a6585431cd31c5e43dfbd8b6927d52fb][https://simplicius76.substack.com/p/cash-strapped-ukraine-gripped-by] ''All the 'able-bodied-men', and then some, have been fed into the meatgrinder.''
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'''''[[WaPo]]'': More than 750 [[US]] service members killed or wounded''' in [[Iran war]]. [https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2026/08/21/more-than-750-us-service-members-wounded-iran-war/https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2026/08/21/more-than-750-us-service-members-wounded-iran-war/] [[Marandi]]: [[War]] likely to resume in coming days. [https://x.com/medw59689313/status/2091607622965490162]
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'''[[Iran]] invited to join the [[Mecca Pact]].''' [https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/iran-news/article-906316] ''An attack against One is an attack against All!''
----
'''''[[The American Conservative]]'': What the ‘[[Iran]] experts’ didn’t tell''' the [[White House]]. [https://www.theamericanconservative.com/what-the-iran-experts-didnt-tell-the-white-house/]
----
'''Surge in unmarried men to record levels''': up by 47% in the last 5 years. [https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/number-of-unmarried-young-men-surges-47-in-us-since-2000/?utm_source=popular] ''As women become more [[liberal]] and waste their time on [[Taylor Swift]], men are less interested in marrying them. More men are going into the [[clergy]]''.
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'''[[Liberalism]] is [[delusional]].''' [https://youtu.be/UoyCJigfPO4]
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'''New [[Ronald Reagan]] movie''' ''The Brink of War'' succeeds with audiences and critics. [https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2026/08/new-reagan-movie-hits-theaters-earns-big-thumbs/]
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'''''[[CFR|Foreign Affairs]]'': The End of the [[American]] [[Middle East]].''' [https://www.foreignaffairs.com/united-states/end-american-middle-east-iran-marc-lynch#] ''[[Iran]] and the last gasp of a failed order.'' [[CFR]] president says [[Trump]] gave [[Canada]] an ultimatum, [[USA]] or [[China]]? [[Mark Carney|Carney]] chose China. [https://theconservativetreehouse.com/blog/2026/08/23/council-on-foreign-relations-president-says-trump-gave-mark-carney-an-ultimatum-usa-or-china-carney-chose-china/]
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'''Painful, sometimes fatal "scromiting" condition is caused by [[cannabis]]''', in teens and young adults. [https://thehill.com/policy/healthcare/6036144-cases-of-scromiting-condition-tied-to-cannabis-use-spike-among-teens-young-adults-new-study/]
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'''[[Extradition]] conflict''' as [[Texas]] delays on [[Minnesota]]'s demand to return an [[ICE]] agent to prosecute him. ''Minnesota has sued in federal court in Texas''. [https://www.texastribune.org/2026/08/18/minnesota-sues-abbott-texas-ice-agent-extradition-lawsuit/]
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'''Fired defense minister [[Fedorov]] calls for [[election]]s''' to restore [[democracy]] in [[Ukraine]]. [https://www.cnn.com/2026/08/18/europe/ukraine-ousted-defense-minister-fedorov-elections-latam-intl] ''Polls indicate Ukrainian [[dictator]] [[Zelensky]] would finish 4th in an election.'' [https://www.wionews.com/world/volodymyr-zelensky-a-dictator-or-popular-war-president-ukrainian-prez-says-elections-impossible-during-war-but-could-he-win-if-held-1755564255636#google_vignette] Zelensky refuses [[democratic]] [[election]]s again. [https://youtu.be/oOau4l_agl0]
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'''[[Trump]] sends [[South Korea]] $10 Billion bill for protection money.''' [https://www.thedefensenews.com/US-President-Donald-Trump-Demands-10-Billion-Annually-for-Troop-Presence-in-South-Korea/]
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"'''[[Pro-life]]rs praise [[Trump]] nominee''' for new [[FDA]] chief." [https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/pro-lifers-praise-trump-nominee-for-new-fda-chief/?utm_source=popular]
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'''[[Prediction markets]] -- which is [[gambling]] [[addiction]] that destroys lives''' -- got banned from Wednesday's [[White House]] event but someone failed to remove it from [[Trump]]'s speech: “We’re ensuring that America remains the undisputed leader ... in technologies like prediction markets ....” [https://gamblingharm.org/does-trump-want-the-us-to-be-a-leader-in-sports-gambling/]
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'''''[[WaPo]]'': [[Pentagon]] mulling pullback''' from the [[Persian Gulf]]. [https://archive.is/G61sJ] ''They can't rebuild the bases if they can't get through the [[Strait of Hormuz]] or eliminate the threat of [[missile]] attack.''
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'''''[[NYT]]'': How [[Iran]] defeated''' the [[THAAD|most sophisticated missile system]] in the [[US]] arsenal. [https://archive.is/Ue6Pt]
----
'''[[GOP]] fails to connect with voters in [[Michigan]]''': [[Abdul El-Sayed|El-Sayed]] jumps ahead by 7 points in the race for its open [[U.S. Senate]] seat. [https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/6039146-el-sayed-leads-rogers-michigan-poll/]
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'''Another sign of a [[Dem]] sweep in the [[2026 midterm elections|upcoming midterms]]''': Dems just flipped a [[Republican]] seat in the [[Pennsylvania]] House. [https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/6039588-democrats-flip-pennsylvania-state-house-seat/]
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'''Another stunning [[progressive]] upset victory''', this time in [[Florida]] to overcome a money advantage and [[liberal]] publicity that favored the [[Dem]] Lt. Col. [[Alexander Vindman|Alex Vindman]] of [[Trump impeachment 1.0|Trump impeachment]] fame. [https://www.yahoo.com/news/politics/articles/progressive-florida-lawmaker-angie-nixon-001640423.html][https://theconservativetreehouse.com/blog/2026/08/18/south-carolina-gop-senate-runoff-debate-was-uncomfortable-for-darline-graham/]
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'''[[Russian Federation]] issues warning to [[UK]]''' for [[terrorist]] attacks on Russian territory. [https://london.mid.ru/en/press-centre/embassy_comment_on_reports_of_ukrainian_forces_using_british_uavs_to_strike_russia/]
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'''[[Kit Klarenberg]]: [[Ukronazi|Ukraine's ultranationalist]] war on history.''' [https://www.kitklarenberg.com/p/ukraines-ultranationalist-war-on] ''[[Law]] [[weapon]]ized to glorify [[Nazi]] [[collaborator]]s and [[Holocaust]] perpetrators as heroic [[freedom fighter]]s. ''
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'''[[Diesel]] tops $100 bbl''' for the first time in history. [https://oilprice.com/Latest-Energy-News/World-News/US-Iran-Tensions-Push-Oil-Prices-Higher-as-Diesel-Margins-Hit-Records.html] [[MoA]]: Record bond yields and diesel spreads. [https://www.moonofalabama.org/2026/08/the-war-hits-back-record-bond-yields-and-diesel-spreads.html]
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'''[[Trump]] threatens to bomb''' [[US]] [[ally]], [https://youtu.be/93lHhBL6w9I] asks aids about [[nuclear war|nuking]] [[Iran]]. [https://zulfiqar.substack.com/p/vahidi-said-no-then-the-white-house]
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'''[[Fauci]] senior advisor pleads guilty''' to [[conspiracy]] to de[[fraud]] the [[United States]]. [https://theconservativetreehouse.com/blog/2026/08/18/fauci-senior-advisor-david-morens-pleads-guilty-to-conspiracy-to-defraud-the-united-states/]
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'''[[Dem]] pundit [[James Carville]] lashes out at the growing [[progressive]] movement''': "those [[DSA]] people, they are a pack of fools. No one pays attention to them." [https://www.breitbart.com/clips/2026/08/18/carville-those-dsa-people-they-are-a-pack-of-fools-no-one-pays-attention-to-them/]
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'''We admire the [[Brazil]]ian media''', which "Unite Against [[sports gambling|Sports Gambling]] Money." [https://gamblingharm.org/brazilian-media-unite-against-sports-gambling-money/]
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'''[[Hollywood]] update''': "Hayden Panettiere Death - Overdose Evidence Found on Scene," [https://www.tmz.com/2026/08/17/hayden-panettiere-death-narcan-found-in-condo/?adid=braze-browser-notification ''TMZ'' reports].
''The actress was "open in recent years about her experience with [[alcohol]] and opioids."'' [https://www.aol.com/articles/coroner-reveals-details-hayden-panettiere-180658000.html]
----
"''''Uncharted territory'''': Second-largest [[reservoir]] in [[United States|US]] plunges to a record low" as [[water]] shortage worsens. [https://www.ksl.com/article/51610185/uncharted-territory-second-largest-reservoir-in-us-plunges-to-a-record-low]
----
'''[[South Korean]] [[president]] wants talks with [[North Korea]]''' to end [[Korean war]]. [https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/south-korea-proposes-talks-to-officially-end-war-with-north/ar-AA2aaXss] [[Trump]] cancels joint [[military]] exercises with South Korea. [https://theconservativetreehouse.com/blog/2026/08/16/president-trump-makes-a-surprise-announcement-on-u-s-military-support-to-south-korea/][https://korybko.substack.com/p/whats-behind-trumps-unexpected-favor]
----
'''[[De-dollarization]] update: Deutsche Bank becomes [[Europe]]’s first''' [[bank]] to dump the [[dollar]] and settle accounts directly with [[China]] in Chinese currency. [https://www.zerohedge.com/news/2026-08-14/deutsche-bank-becomes-europes-first-non-chinese-renminbi-clearing-bank]
----
'''[[Conservative]] movie ''Spider-Man: Brand New Day'' continues to shatter records''', becoming the #10 all-time box office hit in just its third weekend while surpassing $1.8 billion. [https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/spider-man-brand-new-day-box-office-oak-street-paw-patrol-1236674347/]
----
'''Surf's up!''' Thousands of [[illegal aliens]] in Cueta, [[Spain]], build 80 "huts, constructed with reeds from the surrounding coastline and repurposed garbage, [which] are said to hold up to 15 illegals at once." [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/08/15/pics-thousands-of-illegal-migrants-set-up-garbage-huts-on-ceuta-beach-sparking-warnings-of-disease-outbreak/] ''[[Morocco]]'s Ceuta surge shows how [[migration]] has become [[weapon]]ized''. [https://www.nakedcapitalism.com/2026/08/moroccos-ceuta-surge-shows-how-migration-has-become-weaponized.html] '''Update:''' Second invasion underway. [https://www.zerohedge.com/geopolitical/spains-vox-party-demands-morocco-pay-migration-crisis-ceuta-faces-public-health]
----
'''Bait and switch?''' One of the biggest new [[data center]]s, 612MW in [[Australia]], abandons its plan to cool with recycled water. [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/technology/tech-news/openais-612-megawatt-facility-ranked-among-the-worlds-biggest-ai-data-centres-abandons-plan-to-cool-it-with-recycled-water-as-/amp_articleshow/133263763.cms]
----
'''12-point increase to 61%''' of public opposing new [[data center]]s. [https://whyy.org/articles/data-center-opposition-growing-survey/] ''[[NYT]]'': Public outrage over data centers is '[[Chinese]] and [[Russian]] [[propaganda]]'. [https://www.facebook.com/nytimes/posts/state-media-outlets-in-china-russia-and-iran-have-sought-to-exploit-the-us-publi/1424932442822548/]
 ''One town just halted construction that had begun''. [https://whyy.org/articles/vineland-data-center-stop-work-orders/]
----
'''[[Kalshi]] ordered''' to shut down [[sports gambling]] in [[Washington State]]. [https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2026/08/state-judge-orders-kalshi-to-stop-offering-sports-bets-and-other-wagers/]
----
'''[[Ukraine]] [[soldier]]s claim to drink their own [[urine]]''' due to stolen [[US]] [[Ukraine aid]]. [https://aroundprague.cz/en/news/we-re-drinking-our-own-urine-ukrainian-soldiers-near-zaporizhzhia-go-weeks-witho][https://youtu.be/tmTEM_vuzNw][https://news.liga.net/en/war/news/the-ukrainian-armed-forces-have-promised-to-rotate-the-troops-of-the-121st-brigade-who-had-complained-about-poor-supplies] [[Ian Proud]]: As [[Zelensky]] and co. get richer ordinary [[Ukrainian]]s suffer. [https://thepeacemonger.substack.com/p/as-zelensky-and-co-get-richer-ordinary] Ukrainian [[historian]]: [[War]] is [[business]] for [[corrupt]] Zelensky [[Elitism|elites]], poor Ukrainians pay the price. [https://youtu.be/LnTTfuYpA7w] '''Update:''' [[US]] opens 49 probes into [[Ukraine aid|Ukraine weapons aid]] over suspected [[fraud]]. [https://tdpelmedia.com/us-opens-49-probes-into-ukraine-weapons-aid-over-suspected-fraud-concerns/]
----
'''[[Gambling]]-[[addiction|addicted]] [[MLB]] desecrates the sacred ''[[Field of Dreams]]'' ballpark''' in the [[Iowa]] [[corn]]field with [[sports gambling]] ads. [https://gamblingharm.org/sportsbook-ads-mlb-field-of-dreams-iowa-park/]
----
'''[[Dem]]s could flip 8 [[GOP]] [[United States Senate|Senate]] seats''' [https://thehill.com/homenews/senate/6026446-senate-gop-seats-flip-midterms/] as voters are irate at foreign policy, [[data centers]], the [[gambling]] pandemic, and [[inflation]]. ''[[Second Cabinet of Donald Trump|Cabinet]] officials need to be fired''.
----
'''''[[Forbes]]'': [[Mental health]] crisis aboard [[USS Abraham Lincoln]],''' multiple suicide attempts. [https://www.forbes.com/sites/maryroeloffs/2026/08/13/another-ship-reportedly-taking-uss-abraham-lincolns-place-in-middle-east-after-reports-of-mental-health-crisis/][https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2026/aug/12/uss-abraham-lincoln-overboard-extended-deployment][https://www.yahoo.com/news/us/articles/rotten-meat-no-milk-troops-012047036.html]
----
'''[[Karoline Leavitt]] quits.''' [https://theconservativetreehouse.com/blog/2026/08/12/press-secretary-karoline-leavitt-departs-her-position/]
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'''[[US]] spent $533 million on factory near [[Dallas]] to make 155mm [[artillery]] shells''' that never produced a single shell. [https://www.propublica.org/article/general-dynamics-artillery-factory-failed]
----
'''[[SPLC]] CFO arrested for paying hate groups and [[Nazi]]s''' – wire fraud, conspiracy, false statements. [https://theconservativetreehouse.com/blog/2026/08/12/splc-chief-financial-officer-arrested-for-paying-hate-groups-and-nazis-wire-fraud-conspiracy-false-statements/]
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'''[[Putin]] orders retaliatory seizures''' by [[Russian]] [[Navy]] of [[EU]] ships. [https://archive.is/zXThE]
----
'''[[Larry Johnson]]: Will [[Trump]] declare victory''' against [[Iran]] & walk away without a nuclear deal? [https://glenndiesen.substack.com/p/larry-johnson-will-trump-declare] ''[[The American Conservative]]'': How Trump can break the Iran logjam. [https://www.theamericanconservative.com/how-trump-can-break-the-iran-logjam/]
----
'''[[Progressives]] win big''' for the [[Minnesota]] [[U.S. Senate]] seat despite the [[Establishment]] [[liberal]] having a 4-to-1 money advantage. [https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2026-election/progressive-peggy-flanagan-wins-minnesota-democratic-senate-primary-rcna591627] Hong gets crushed in [[Wisconsin]]. [https://theconservativetreehouse.com/blog/2026/08/12/surprise-defeat-for-dsa-communist-francesca-hong-in-wisconsin/]
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'''''[[Bloomberg]]'': [[Ukraine]] officially imposes blackout''' on [[Russian]] [[missile]] intercepts. [https://archive.is/L8iUW] ''No need to invent numbers anymore, they just don't report any [[fact]]s at all.''
----
'''[[Prediction market]] deviousness''': [[Kalshi]] gets the [[CFTC]] to '''''order''''' it to stay in business, as a [[New York State]] court considers shutting it down. [https://bettermarkets.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/OGC_MarketEmergencyDeclarationOrder081126.pdf]
----
'''Far [[Leftism|Left]] seeks to defeat [[liberal]] [[Establishment]]''' in [[Wisconsin]] and [[Minnesota]] on Tuesday: Francesca Hong in Wisconsin is beyond [[progressive]]. [https://www.politico.com/news/2026/08/09/wisconsin-governor-race-hong-crowley-electability-01030198]
----
'''30 yr [[Treasury bond]] hits highest level''' since [[Crash of 2008|2007 crash]]. [https://www.cnbc.com/2026/07/29/treasury-yields-fed-interest-rates.html]
----
"[[Anthony Fauci]]’s Successor, [[NIH]] Director Jay Bhattacharya, BLASTS Fauci for '''COVERING UP 82% Miscarriage Rate for Pregnant Women''' Taking the [[COVID]] Shot." [https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2026/08/anthony-faucis-successor-nih-director-jay-bhattacharya-blasts/]
----
'''[[Fauci]]'s just-released texts reveal his admission''' that the second jab of the [[coronavirus vaccine]] "theoretically could be associated with miscarriage," and yet it was urged for [[pregnant]] women. [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2026/08/10/damning-fauci-texts-revealed-admits-second-coronavirus-jab-could-be-theoretically-associated-with-miscarriage/][https://theconservativetreehouse.com/blog/2026/08/10/senator-ron-johnson-reveals-fauci-texts-and-horrific-vaccine-induced-abortion-rate-hidden-within-the-data/]
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'''Is the recent explosion in sports gambling''' another sign of [[US]] [[imperial]] decline? [https://www.nakedcapitalism.com/2026/08/is-the-recent-explosion-in-sports-gambling-another-sign-of-us-imperial-decline.html]
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'''Let them eat burritos: Out of touch influencers''' risk all for [[Trump]] [[war]]. [https://responsiblestatecraft.org/burrito-war-affordability/] ''[[Republican]]s on pro-war autopilot are mocking [[American]]s who are concerned about [[inflation|rising prices]].'' [https://responsiblestatecraft.org/burrito-war-affordability/] 29% food [[inflation]] is paying for [[NATO war in Ukraine|Ukraine]] & [[Iran war]]s. [https://x.com/MarioNawfal/status/2086595075417784535]
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'''''[[Times of India]]'': [[Military]] families confront [[Navy]] leaders''' over conditions aboard [[USS Abraham Lincoln]]'s extended deployment. [https://youtu.be/f08oWkZjfAA][https://youtu.be/sX2-sY3XRNY] [[American]] veterans know the cost of a [[military]]-first [[foreign policy]]. [https://responsiblestatecraft.org/veterans-us-foreign-policy/]
----
'''[[Water]] shortage grips [[Puerto Rico]]''' [https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cqlxgk7r2vwo] while many on the [[U.S.]] mainland take water for granted and continue to build water-hogging [[data center]]s.
----
'''[[Conservative]] [[Ralph Norman]] surges ahead''' of [[Trump]]-endorsed [[Lindsey Graham]]'s sister in the [[South Carolina]] primary for his seat on Tuesday, ensuring a runoff on Aug. 25. [https://emersoncollegepolling.com/south-carolina-2026-norman-graham-lead-gop-special-primary-runoff-likely/]
----
'''''[[Barron's]]'': Behold the ‘False’ productivity boom.''' [https://www.barrons.com/articles/behold-the-false-productivity-boom-says-jim-paulsen-dbb771cb] ''An [[economy]] that doesn't create jobs is not 'productive'.''
----
'''[[Water]] crisis update''': [[Lake Mead]], the largest [[U.S.]] reservoir, drops to its lowest level ever. [https://apnews.com/article/colorado-river-lake-mead-record-low-fa402842e76ed624f71360f467b2579d]
----
'''A [[Muslim]] takes on the [[transgender activism|transgender lunacy]]''': "6’10 Former [[NBA]] Player Sends [[Internet]] into a Frenzy After Announcing His Intention to Join the Ultra-[[Woke]] WNBA," with its eligibility absurdly based on self-identification. [https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2026/08/610-former-nba-player-sends-internet-frenzy-after/]
----
'''52% of [[Dem]] voters in [[Pennsylvania]] want their Sen. [[John Fetterman]] to leave their party''', and only 31% want him to stay a Dem. [https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/state/pennsylvania/pittsburgh/2026/08/06/fetterman-win-democratic-primary-election-polls/91194286007/?utm_source=firefox-newtab-en-us]
----
'''[[Iran]] and [[Oman]] arrive at agreement''' to manage [[Strait of Hormuz]]. [[Saudi Arabia]], [[Turkiye]], and [[Pakistan]] form new collective security pact. [https://larrycjohnson.substack.com/p/saudi-arabia-turkey-and-pakistan][https://korybko.substack.com/p/the-pakistani-saudi-turkish-alliance] [[United States]] not part of any [[negotiation]]a. [https://global21.substack.com/p/gulf-countries-seek-alternative-defense]

'''''[[Jerusalem Post]]'': [[Mossad]] removes 2 senior officials''' over failed [[Iran]] [[regime change]] operation. [https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/article-904817]
----
'''Setback for [[transgender activism]]''': #1 women's tennis player strongly supports excluding [[transgender]]s from their tournaments. [https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2026/08/world-no-1-tennis-champion-aryna-sabalenka-drops/]
----
'''[[2026 midterm elections|Midterms]] worsen further for the [[GOP]]''': even the [[U.S. Senate]] race in [[Kansas]] has tightened, according to an expert predictor. [https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/6011422-kansas-senate-race-sabato-adam-hamilton-roger-marshall/] ''Even Kansas???''
----
'''[[CIA]] peddling [[Russian]] [[boogeyman]] [[narrative]] again.''' [https://theconservativetreehouse.com/blog/2026/08/07/wsj-promotes-leaked-narrative-of-putin-plan-to-strike-nato-country/] Another CIA/[[NATO]]/[[Ukraine]] [[false flag]] attack on [[Bulgaria]]. [https://theconservativetreehouse.com/blog/2026/08/08/another-mysterious-drone-with-ukraine-signature-hits-bulgaria/]
----
'''''[[The American Conservative]]'': [[Iran war]] accelerates''' [[US]] decline. [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bml2jifDXv8] ''[[WaPo]]'': [[Trump]], [[Hegseth]] clashed over Iran war [[missile]] depletion. [https://archive.is/7V0n1] ''The blame game begins.'' [[CENTCOM]] ordered to stand down. [https://youtu.be/lYI4tTWhnfw]
----
'''[[CIA]] rag ''[[Kyiv Independent]]'': [[US]] stocks of [[ATACMS]], Precision Strike [[missile]]s at rock bottom''' after 'virtually all' used in [[Iran war]], [https://kyivindependent.com/us-army-stocks-of-atacms-precision-strike-missiles-at-rock-bottom-after-virtually-all-used-in-iran-war-reuters-reports/] [[Reuters]] reports. [https://www.nakedcapitalism.com/2026/08/iran-war-us-again-fabricates-talks-on-deal-is-nigh-as-reuters-reports-even-greater-weapons-depletion-iran-debunks-media-reports-on-oman-negotiations-v-opening.html]
----
'''''[[The American Conservative]]'': The [[American]] believability [[crisis]].''' [https://www.theamericanconservative.com/the-american-believability-crisis/]
----
'''Big loser in [[Dem]] [[Senate]] primary in [[Michigan]]''': [[pro-abortion]] [[EMILY's List]], which backed Stevens.
----
'''[[Piers Morgan]]: '[[MAGA]] [[cult]] Is OVER!’''' [[AIPAC]] [[Michigan]] defeat & [[Tucker]]’s new party. [https://youtu.be/6ds8x7rwueQ]
----
'''[[Progressive]] weightlifter [[Abdul El-Sayed]] wins by 1% a historic triumph over the [[Dem]] [[Establishment]]''' in the [[Michigan]] primary, as his [[feminist]] opponent's closing message was tantamount to "Stop Making Fun Of Me, I Worked For [[Obama]]." [https://www.realclearpolitics.com/video/2026/08/03/halperin_haley_stevens_closing_essage_is_stop_making_fun_of_me_i_worked_for_obama.html] ''El-Sayed was outspent 50-to-1 by [[AIPAC]] and out-of-state groups''. [https://www.nakedcapitalism.com/2026/08/el-sayed-on-track-to-win-us-senate-primary-overcoming-aipacs-30-million-onslaught.html]
 '''UPDATE''': El-Sayed wins 48.5-47.5%. [https://apnews.com/live/election-results-michigan-missouri-trump-updates-08-05-2026]
----
'''[[Ukrainian]] [[drone]] strike kills 7 including 3 children''' at [[Black Sea]] resort beach. [https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2026/08/watch-terrifying-footage-shows-ukrainian-drone-striking-black/]
----
As predicted by ''Conservapedia'', '''the [[homosexual agenda]] steps toward its goal of winning the [[White House]] in 2028''': "more inclined than not," [[Pete Buttigieg|Mayor Pete]] says, in the [[Dem]] frontrunner's bid to become the first [[same-sex marriage|same-sex married]] president. [https://justthenews.com/politics-policy/elections/buttigieg-says-hes-more-inclined-not-run-president-2028]
----
'''[[Religious]] instruction for [[public school]] students off-campus expands''', as [[North Carolina]] just authorized up to 4 hours weekly of "[[released time]]." [https://www.newsobserver.com/news/politics-government/article316321190.html]
----
'''[[The Telegraph|UK ''Telegraph'']]: The slow death''' of the [[coalition of the willing]]. [https://archive.ph/EPj6M#selection-2265.4-2265.50]
----
'''[[MoA]]: Another TACO''' – [[Iran]]’s need to [[escalate]]. [https://www.moonofalabama.org/2026/08/war-on-iran-another-taco-irans-need-to-escalate.html]
----
'''''[[WaPo]]'': Top US European Commander informs [[Pentagon]]''' he can't defend [[Israel]], [https://archive.is/3AKKX] [[Trump]] cancels planned attack on [[Iran]].[https://youtu.be/3JocrS8mJo0]
----
'''[[US]] transfers control of [[NATO]]''' [[strategic]] coordinating group for [[Ukraine aid]] to [[Germany]]. [https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/pentagon-transfers-leadership-of-ukraine-assistance-mission-in-germany-to-another-state-politico/ar-AA29btXw] ''[[Russian]]s aren't thrilled about having to slap Germany down one more time.''
----
"'''[[Vivek Ramaswamy]] Booed Off Stage by Young [[Conservative]]s''' After Telling Crowd His Generation Is Already ‘Gonna Be Fine.’" [https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2026/08/watch-vivek-ramaswamy-booed-stage-young-conservatives-after/]
----
'''What happened between [[Ukraine]] and [[Iran]]?''' [https://youtu.be/CPUA7v3SK3U]
----
'''[[Ukraine]] [[suicide bomber]] kills 3''' in [[Moscow]] restaurant. [https://theconservativetreehouse.com/blog/2026/08/01/ukraine-terrorist-bombs-moscow-up-scale-restaurant-killing-three/]
----
'''Lack of [[water]] forces [[Brits]]''' to resort to [[Spain]] and [[Holland]] for vegetables. [https://www.theguardian.com/business/2026/aug/01/uk-importing-vegetabless-drough-heat-hit-british-crops-price-rises] ''How's the water-hog [[data center]] build-out going?''
----
'''Setback for predatory [[gambling]]''': "[[NY]] looks to shut down [[Kalshi]], have it pay $36 billion in new lawsuit." [https://gothamist.com/news/ny-looks-to-shut-down-kalshi-have-it-pay-36-billion-in-new-lawsuit]
----
'''60,000 male migrants of [[military]] age from [[Morocco]] surprisingly invade a town in [[Spain]]''', and [[globalist]]s seem clueless why. [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2026/07/31/the-situation-in-morocco-what-are-migrants-fleeing-from/][https://www.zerohedge.com/markets/spains-ceuta-invaded-thousands-illegals-and-military-aged-men-storm-border-morocco] [[Seyed Marandi]]: Morocco invades Spain? The [[US]] disciplines its [[proxies]]. [https://glenndiesen.substack.com/p/seyed-m-marandi-morocco-invades-spain]
----
'''''[[Newsweek]]'': [[NATO war in Ukraine|Ukraine]] and [[Iran war]]s merging''' into [[WWIII|one big crisis]] for [[Trump]]. [https://www.newsweek.com/ukraine-iran-wars-merging-crisis-trump-caspian-sea-12250855][https://consortiumnews.com/2026/07/30/us-merges-wars-in-eurasia-west-asia/] ''[[Lockheed Martin]] granted another $58 Billion for [[missile]]s that don't work.'' [https://breakingdefense.com/2026/07/army-adds-54b-to-lockheed-pac-3-agreement-totaling-59b/]
----
'''[[Korybko]] to [[MAGA]]: Here’s a quick clarification''' of [[Russia]]’s [[policies]] on issues of importance. [https://korybko.substack.com/p/korybko-to-maga-heres-a-quick-clarification]
----
'''[[Florida]]'s not owned by [[Big Pharma]]''': it opens an investigation into their boy Dr. [[Anthony Fauci|Fauci]]. [https://www.clickorlando.com/news/local/2026/07/30/past-time-we-get-the-truth-florida-will-investigate-dr-fauci-over-covid-ag-says/] ''[[Wikipedia]] remains controlled by [[Big Pharma]] propagandists''.
----
'''[[War]] expands to [[Iraq]] and [[Egypt]],''' [https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/drone-hits-gas-storage-tanker-egypts-mediterranean-port-2026-07-29/][https://youtu.be/qfbwwCp_rNY] [[False flag]]? [[Saudi Arabia]] organizes [[coalition]]. [https://global21.substack.com/p/regional-conflict-saudi-arabia-organizes][https://www.nakedcapitalism.com/2026/07/iran-war-risk-of-widening-conflict-as-saudis-form-defensive-coalition-iran-depicts-egypt-lng-platform-attack-as-israel-false-flag-postol-iran-missiles-more-powerful-than-oreshnik-irgc-provid.html][https://russiatruthdotcom.substack.com/p/the-middle-east-expansion-phase-asymmetric] ''[[US]] warns troops not to video extent of damage to US bases.''
----
'''[[Saudi Arabia]] and [[US]] attack [[Iraq]].''' [https://www.yahoo.com/news/world/articles/iraq-calls-saudi-us-attacks-231015271.html] Saudi Arabia fighting a 3-front war - [[Iraq]], [[iran]], and [[Yemen]]. [https://youtu.be/gq7govFYSKo]
----
'''[[Ukraine]] hits [[Chevron]] oil tanker in [[Black Sea]].''' [https://www.energyintel.com/0000019f-41d6-dbc9-afbf-71de99df0000] Why’d Zelensky defy [[US]]’ warning not to strike non-[[Russian]] vessels in the [[Black Sea]]? [https://korybko.substack.com/p/whyd-ukraine-defy-the-us-reported] Was the [[drone attack]] on [[US]] [[LNG]] tanker in Egypt a [[false flag]]? [https://larrycjohnson.substack.com/p/was-the-drone-attack-on-us-lng-tanker]
----
'''Ex-Defense Minister [[Fedorov]] fired by [[Zelensky]]''' says removal was due to his audit of [[military]] spending – [[Ukraine]] officials demanded cash flow continue. [https://theconservativetreehouse.com/blog/2026/07/30/young-defense-minister-fired-by-zelenskyy-says-removal-was-due-to-his-audit-of-military-spending-ukraine-officials-demanded-cash-flow-continue/]
----
'''''[[The American Conservative]]'': The [[Iran war]] is lose-lose.''' [https://www.theamericanconservative.com/the-iran-war-is-lose-lose/]
----
'''[[Cornyn]] and [[Tillis]] block [[Todd Blanche]]''' from [[AG]] confirmation. [https://theconservativetreehouse.com/blog/2026/07/30/senators-cornyn-and-tillis-block-todd-blanche-from-ag-confirmation/]
----
'''[[MAGA]] dismayed by the missed deadline''' to seek reconsideration of the disastrous [[SCOTUS]] [[birthright citizenship]] decision, '''after [[Trump]] vowed to try again'''. [https://apnews.com/article/supreme-court-birthright-citizenship-trump-immigration-b4db703166c906b8d9224f72268f61b5#]
----
'''[[Fauci]] pleads the [[Fifth Amendment|5th]]''' in sworn testimony before [[Congress]]. [https://youtu.be/qANchcyF45w] ''Fauci [[lied]], millions died.'' [https://www.theamericanconservative.com/fauci-refuses-to-address-senate-hearing-on-covid/]
----
'''[[Globalist]]s profusely praise the late [[Lindsey Graham]], while [[Vice President|VP]] [[JD Vance]] adroitly''' puts it this way: "May [[God]] comfort all of those who loved Lindsey Graham." [https://justthenews.com/politics-policy/vance-honors-lindsey-graham-late-senators-memorial-service]

'''''[[WSJ]]'': [[Lindsey Graham|Lindsey "Ladybug" Graham]] advocated [[warmonger]]ing''' beyond what [[Bibi Netanyahu]] would support. [https://www.jpost.com/american-politics/article-903700][
----
'''[[Robert Pape]]: The real question''' isn't whether [[America]] wins in [[Iran]]. It's whether [[Washington, D.C.|Washington]] still spends $1 trillion a year on a [[military]] designed for a world that no longer exists. [https://x.com/ProfessorPape/status/2082255281233273153] Follow the [[money]] toward [[WWIII]]. [https://theconservativetreehouse.com/blog/2026/07/28/follow-the-money-toward-wwiii/]
----
'''[[Zelensky]] merges both [[war]]s.''' [https://www.theamericanconservative.com/as-netanyahu-and-zelensky-visit-trump-their-wars-converge/][https://zulfiqar.substack.com/p/the-two-wars-just-merged] '''Video:''' Zelensky arrives in [[DC]] greeted by his [[corrupt]] ambassador and pilots. [https://www.facebook.com/NewsfirstEngSL/videos/zelensky-arrives-in-us-for-oval-office-talks-ukrainian-president-to-discuss-stre/2312812306194256/] IntelliNews: Zelenskiy’s failed revolt exposes the limits of his power. [https://www.intellinews.com/ragozin-zelenskiy-s-failed-revolt-exposes-the-limits-of-his-power-456842/?] ''[[MSM]] dials back [[Ukrainian]] cheerleading since [[Fedorov]]'s firing.'' [https://www.theamericanconservative.com/the-meaning-of-fedorovs-firing/]
----
'''[[Addiction]] update''': [[American]]s spend twice as much on [[sports gambling]] as on books, movies, music, and museums '''''combined'''''. [https://fortune.com/2026/07/26/gambling-america-pastime-spend-sports-bets-movies-arts-museums-music/]
----
'''[[Amb Chas Freeman]]: [[US]] [[strategy]] in [[Iran]]: pointless [[violence]]''' & [[fake]] [[diplomacy]]. [https://youtu.be/SfXvNrnW8sQ] ''Chas Freeman was the translator in the historic [[Nixon]] - [[Mao]] meeting that ended 25 yrs of unwinnable [[proxy war]]s from the [[Korean war]] to the [[Vietnam war]].''
----
'''Massive new [[data center]] in [[California]] is suing to use 260M gallons/yr of scarce [[Colorado River]] water''', after promising to use recycled water instead. [https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/a-proposed-330-megawatt-ai-data-centre-in-california-promised-not-to-use-colorado-river-water-now-it-wants-260-million-gallons-a-year/amp_articleshow/132625027.cms]
----

''See also [[Main Page/Archive index|Previous Conservapedia Breaking News]]''.

Axon Enterprise

2026-08-29T00:38:20Z

RoadtoEmmaus: wikify

'''Axon Enterprise''', formerly known as TASER International, is an [[American]] technology company which focuses on military and law enforcement tools. Today, the company is becoming best known for their [[Mass surveillance]] systems, which identify and track the locations and movements of all citizens, over time.

==History and growth==
This company was founded in 1993, under then name AIR TASER, Inc., by Patrick Smith and Thomas Smith. Inspired by the original invention of Jack Cover,<ref>https://www.thestar.com/news/the-dark-lure-of-pain-compliance/article_a586f448-229c-5cdf-924e-8c41e16a9f5d.html</ref> they began with producing less-lethal weapons and protective systems which use electric shocks to deter or temporally disable people. They became well known for their electroshock weapons which would launch electrical leads into a target, and then (in most cases) disable that person using repeated electric shocks. These were marketed to law enforcement agencies, as a way to stop an unruly person, without immediately killing them (as a gunshot was much more likely to do). Axon still sells these sorts of products with great success, to this day.<ref>https://www.axon.com/help/taser-10/taser-energy-weapons/taser-10/taser-10.htm</ref><ref>https://taser.com/</ref><ref>https://taser-evolution.axon.com/</ref>

After significant financial troubles, the company rebranded as "TASER International" in 1998, and refocused its efforts. The company went public on the stock exchange in 2001.<ref>https://www.nasdaq.com/articles/if-youd-invested-10000-axon-enterprise-stock-24-years-ago-its-ipo-heres-how-much-youd-have</ref>

===Cameras and surveillance===
In 2005, TASER entered the industry of monitoring and evidence collection, with the introduction of a grip-mounted camera for their taser electroshock weapons.<ref>https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-12-14/the-incredible-rise-of-taser-international</ref> Simply called "TASER Cam," this device would begin recording video automatically, when the user deactivated the safety (indicating that they may soon deploy the device). Three years later, the company unveiled their first body camera, the Axon Pro. These were rapidly marketed to law enforcement agencies, especially those in small towns and cities.<ref>https://gizmodo.com/how-police-body-cameras-were-designed-to-get-cops-off-t-1691693677</ref> President Obama soon got involved, pushing for the further adoption of these body cameras.<ref>https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/225583-obama-to-provide-funding-for-50000-police-body-cameras/</ref><ref>https://gizmodo.com/obama-to-provide-75-million-in-funding-for-50-000-poli-1665251555</ref>

Then in spring 2017, the company rebranded again, this time taking the name "Axon Enterprise," as their focus shifted to the new integrated body camera system they were rolling out across the United States.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/13/business/taser-international-dominates-the-police-body-camera-market.html</ref>

==Citizen tracking (ALPRs and facial recognition)==
Axon and another mass-surveillance company named [[Flock Safety]] began sharing data with each other, to work on closing surveillance gaps. Flock was focused on tracking the physical moments of everyone within their area of influence. This data was being correlated with the data Axon was collecting through law enforcement agencies. However, In February 2025, the two companies publicly broke ties, with Axon saying that Flock was actively steering customers away from their services, by using predatory pricing which drove users to adopt Flock's services instead. Meanwhile, Flock's CEO [[Garrett Langley]], said that "Axon decided that being open and collaborative is 'no longer in Axon’s best interests,' and no additional reason was given to us."

Two months later, Axon announced the launch of their own [[citizen]] tracing system powered by a networked Automated License Plate readers and facial recognition.<ref>https://www.police1.com/technology/axon-rolls-out-new-alpr-cameras-ring-integration-to-boost-real-time-policing</ref> This directly competes with Flock's own tracking system, using pole-mounted ALPRs (much like Flock's) as well as ALPRs disguised in street lights.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/thomasbrewster/2025/04/22/axon-goes-after-rival-flock-with-new-car-surveillance-and-ai-voice-assistant/</ref> Axon's "Outpost" surveillance devices also perform facial recognition, and vehicle recognition (independent of license plates).<ref>https://www.axon.com/products/axon-outpost</ref> This is in addition to the ALPR tracking system which Axon also deploys in law enforcement vehicles.<ref>https://www.axon.com/help/fleet-3/cameras-and-sensors/fleet/3/alpr/alpr-introduction.htm</ref>

==Other mass surveillance==
While Axon is building its own mass ALPR-based surveillance network, they have also taken other steps to collect data on the movements of citizens. For example, they established a partnership with Ring (a popular consumer surveillance platform owned by Amazon).<ref>https://www.axon.com/blog/building-safer-communities-together-axon-and-ring</ref> Flock Safety had previously been collecting this data from Ring as well, but discontinued that relationship under public pressure.<ref>https://stateofsurveillance.org/news/ring-flock-partnership-cancelled-victory-surveillance-2026/</ref><ref>https://www.cnbc.com/2026/02/12/amazons-ring-cancels-flock-partnership-amid-super-bowl-ad-backlash.html</ref> However, by all indications, Axon is still utilizing this data stream.<ref>https://stateofsurveillance.org/news/ring-doorbell-police-access-axon-flock-2026/</ref>

===Drones===
Axon also released a drone system, which competes with Flock's drone offering.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/thomasbrewster/2025/04/22/axon-goes-after-rival-flock-with-new-car-surveillance-and-ai-voice-assistant/</ref> Called Axon Air, this system provides "Drona as First Responder" services, among others.<ref>https://www.axon.com/products/axon-air</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Police State]]
[[Category:Technocracy]]

Axon Enterprise

2026-08-29T00:08:31Z

RoadtoEmmaus: wikify

'''Axon Enterprise''', formerly known as TASER International, is an [[American]] technology company which focuses on military and law enforcement tools. Today, the company is becoming best known for their [[Mass surveillance]] systems, which identify and track the locations and movements of all citizens, over time.

==History and growth==
This company was founded in 1993, under then name AIR TASER, Inc., by Patrick Smith and Thomas Smith. Inspired by the original invention of Jack Cover,<ref>https://www.thestar.com/news/the-dark-lure-of-pain-compliance/article_a586f448-229c-5cdf-924e-8c41e16a9f5d.html</ref> they began with producing less-lethal weapons and protective systems which use electric shocks to deter or temporally disable people. They became well known for their electroshock weapons which would launch electrical leads into a target, and then (in most cases) disable that person using repeated electric shocks. These were marketed to law enforcement agencies, as a way to stop an unruly person, without immediately killing them (as a gunshot was much more likely to do). Axon still sells these sorts of products with great success, to this day.<ref>https://www.axon.com/help/taser-10/taser-energy-weapons/taser-10/taser-10.htm</ref><ref>https://taser.com/</ref><ref>https://taser-evolution.axon.com/</ref>

After significant financial troubles, the company rebranded as "TASER International" in 1998, and refocused its efforts. The company went public on the stock exchange in 2001.<ref>https://www.nasdaq.com/articles/if-youd-invested-10000-axon-enterprise-stock-24-years-ago-its-ipo-heres-how-much-youd-have</ref>

===Cameras and surveillance===
In 2005, TASER entered the industry of monitoring and evidence collection, with the introduction of a grip-mounted camera for their taser electroshock weapons.<ref>https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-12-14/the-incredible-rise-of-taser-international</ref> Simply called "TASER Cam," this device would begin recording video automatically, when the user deactivated the safety (indicating that they may soon deploy the device). Three years later, the company unveiled their first body camera, the Axon Pro. These were rapidly marketed to law enforcement agencies, especially those in small towns and cities.<ref>https://gizmodo.com/how-police-body-cameras-were-designed-to-get-cops-off-t-1691693677</ref> President Obama soon got involved, pushing for the further adoption of these body cameras.<ref>https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/225583-obama-to-provide-funding-for-50000-police-body-cameras/</ref><ref>https://gizmodo.com/obama-to-provide-75-million-in-funding-for-50-000-poli-1665251555</ref>

Then in spring 2017, the company rebranded again, this time taking the name "Axon Enterprise," as their focus shifted to the new integrated body camera system they were rolling out across the United States.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/13/business/taser-international-dominates-the-police-body-camera-market.html</ref>

==Citizen tracking (ALPRs and facial recognition)==
Axon and another mass-surveillance company named [[Flock Safety]] began sharing data with each other, to work on closing surveillance gaps. Flock was focused on tracking the physical moments of everyone within their area of influence. This data was being correlated with the data Axon was collecting through law enforcement agencies. However, In February 2025, the two companies publicly broke ties, with Axon saying that Flock was actively steering customers away from their services, by using predatory pricing which drove users to adopt Flock's services instead. Meanwhile, Flock's CEO [[Garrett Langley]], said that "Axon decided that being open and collaborative is 'no longer in Axon’s best interests,' and no additional reason was given to us."

Two months later, Axon announced the launch of their own citizen tracing system powered by a networked Automated License Plate readers and facial recognition.<ref>https://www.police1.com/technology/axon-rolls-out-new-alpr-cameras-ring-integration-to-boost-real-time-policing</ref> This directly competes with Flock's own tracking system, using pole-mounted ALPRs (much like Flock's) as well as ALPRs disguised in street lights.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/thomasbrewster/2025/04/22/axon-goes-after-rival-flock-with-new-car-surveillance-and-ai-voice-assistant/</ref> Axon's "Outpost" surveillance devices also perform facial recognition, and vehicle recognition (independent of license plates).<ref>https://www.axon.com/products/axon-outpost</ref> This is in addition to the ALPR tracking system which Axon also deploys in law enforcement vehicles.<ref>https://www.axon.com/help/fleet-3/cameras-and-sensors/fleet/3/alpr/alpr-introduction.htm</ref>

==Other mass surveillance==
While Axon is building its own mass ALPR-based surveillance network, they have also taken other steps to collect data on the movements of citizens. For example, they established a partnership with Ring (a popular consumer surveillance platform owned by Amazon).<ref>https://www.axon.com/blog/building-safer-communities-together-axon-and-ring</ref> Flock Safety had previously been collecting this data from Ring as well, but discontinued that relationship under public pressure.<ref>https://stateofsurveillance.org/news/ring-flock-partnership-cancelled-victory-surveillance-2026/</ref><ref>https://www.cnbc.com/2026/02/12/amazons-ring-cancels-flock-partnership-amid-super-bowl-ad-backlash.html</ref> However, by all indications, Axon is still utilizing this data stream.<ref>https://stateofsurveillance.org/news/ring-doorbell-police-access-axon-flock-2026/</ref>

===Drones===
Axon also released a drone system, which competes with Flock's drone offering.<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/thomasbrewster/2025/04/22/axon-goes-after-rival-flock-with-new-car-surveillance-and-ai-voice-assistant/</ref> Called Axon Air, this system provides "Drona as First Responder" services, among others.<ref>https://www.axon.com/products/axon-air</ref>

==References==
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[[Category:Police State]]
[[Category:Technocracy]]