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Swing state

2017-01-17T17:30:24Z

Renan Jackson:

''See [[early voting]] for an analysis of voting in '''swing states'''.''

'''Swing states''' are [[state]]s in which neither the [[Republican]] nor [[Democratic]] candidate has a clear majority of the voters' support prior to a Presidential election, and therefore could "swing" the election results in either direction. They are also known as "battleground states" because they are where the majority of the campaigning takes place for both parties. Since states that consistently express a preference for either the Democratic or Republican candidate are usually referred to as [[blue state]]s and [[red state]]s, respectively, these states are also called "purple states" in order to highlight their mixed demographic nature. Hundreds of millions of dollars in negative ads by [[Super PAC]]s are spent in swing states. These states take on increased significance because most states award their electoral college votes on a winner-take-all basis. So, if one candidate gains a slim majority of the votes from a swing state, all of the electoral college votes are awarded to that candidate, despite the votes of the other 49% of the state's voters. [[Maine]] and [[Nebraska]] are the only two current exceptions, and both states allocate electoral votes based upon congressional districts. The two states can have "swing congressional districts".

==2016==

Here are the key swing states for the [[Presidential Election 2016]]:
*[[Colorado|Colorado]]
*[[Florida|Florida]]
*[[Iowa|Iowa]]
*[[Michigan|Michigan]]
*[[Nevada|Nevada]]
*[[New Hampshire|New Hampshire]]
*[[North Carolina|North Carolina]]
*[[Ohio|Ohio]]
*[[Pennsylvania|Pennsylvania]]
*[[Virginia|Virginia]]
*[[Wisconsin|Wisconsin]]

== 2012 ==

Here are the key swing states for the [[Presidential Election 2012]], for a total of 100 electoral votes, all of which were won by Obama in 2008:<ref>http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/n/a/2012/05/26/national/a080145D80.DTL#ixzz1w1roz7XG</ref>
*[[Colorado|Colorado]]
*[[Florida|Florida]]
*[[Iowa|Iowa]]
*[[Nevada|Nevada]]
*[[New Hampshire|New Hampshire]]
*[[North Carolina|North Carolina]]
*[[Ohio|Ohio]]
*[[Virginia|Virginia]]
*[[Wisconsin|Wisconsin]]
A total of 270 electoral votes are needed to win, and Obama won with 95 additional electoral votes in 2008. Assuming that Republicans win Florida, North Carolina and Virginia, '''''this entire election could be decided in only Colorado, Iowa, Nevada and Ohio'''''.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!State
!Expected winner 2012
!Margin of [[Obama]]'s win in 2008
!Indicators
!Electoral Votes in 2012
|-
|Ohio
|Leaning to Obama.
|4.6%
|Ohio voted Republican in the 2010 elections, but the public unions repealed the collective bargaining reforms by popular vote. This indicates heavy union influence, a plus for Obama as unions vote heavily Democratic. As of September 13, 2012, Romney (46%) and Obama (47%) were virtually tied.<ref>[http://www.rasmussenreports.com/public_content/politics/elections/election_2012/election_2012_presidential_election/ohio/election_2012_ohio_president Election 2012: Ohio President] rasmussenreports.com, retrieved September 21, 2012</ref>
|18
|-
|Iowa
|Leaning to Obama.
|9.5%
|Mitt Romney leads Obama 47% to 44% as of September 2012.<ref>[http://www.rasmussenreports.com/public_content/politics/elections/election_2012/election_2012_presidential_election/iowa/election_2012_iowa_president Election 2012: Iowa President] rasmussenreports.com, retrieved September 21, 2012</ref>
|6
|-
|Colorado
|Toss-up
|9%
|[[Pro-life]], pro-[[Christian]] [[Tim Tebow]]'s phenomenal success for the Denver Broncos helped improve the culture there. As of September 2012, Romney leads Obama, 47% to 45%.<ref>[http://www.rasmussenreports.com/public_content/politics/elections/election_2012/election_2012_presidential_election/colorado/election_2012_colorado_president Election 2012: Colorado President] rasmussenreports.com, retrieved September 21, 2012</ref>
|9
|-
|Virginia
|Leaning to Romney.
|6%
|Elected a Republican governor, [[Bob McDonnell]], in 2009. In the 2011 elections the Republican party took the state senate, giving them control over both houses of the legislature. A Rasmussen Reports survey of Virginia taken September 14 gave Obama a 1-point lead, 49% to 48%.<ref>[http://www.rasmussenreports.com/public_content/politics/elections/election_2012/election_2012_presidential_election/virginia/election_2012_virginia_president Election 2012: Virginia President] rasmussenreports.com, retrieved September 21, 2012</ref>
|13
|-
|Florida
|Likely Romney
|2.8%
|Elected a Republican for both governor and Senate in the 2010 midterm elections; however, Governor [[Rick Scott]] is currently (August 2012) very unpopular in the state. Obama's approval in the state is below 50%. Florida is a must win for Romney;<ref>http://fivethirtyeight.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/09/12/sept-11-florida-a-true-must-win-for-romney/</ref> however, as of September 13, 2012, Obama held a 2-point lead, 48% to 46%.<ref>[http://www.rasmussenreports.com/public_content/politics/elections/election_2012/election_2012_presidential_election/florida/election_2012_florida_president Election 2012: Florida President] rasmussenreports.com, retrieved September 21, 2012</ref>
|29
|-
|New Hampshire
|Leaning to Obama.
|9.6%
|Romney has some roots here and was governor of nearby Massachusetts. He holds a 3-point lead (48% to 45%) over Obama, as of September 19, 2012<ref>[http://www.rasmussenreports.com/public_content/politics/elections/election_2012/election_2012_presidential_election/new_hampshire/election_2012_new_hampshire_president Election 2012: New Hampshire President] rasmussenreports.com, retrieved September 21, 2012</ref>
|4
|-
|North Carolina
|Likely Romney, due to Obama's support of [[same-sex marriage]].
|0.3%
|The current [[Democratic]] governor, [[Bev Perdue]], is highly unpopular and polling badly, especially in the wake of recent scandals among her staff. Rasmussen's poll on September 14, 2012 had Romney at 51% to Obama's 45%.<ref>[http://www.rasmussenreports.com/public_content/politics/elections/election_2012/election_2012_presidential_election/north_carolina/election_2012_north_carolina_president Election 2012: North Carolina President] rasmussenreports.com, retrieved September 21, 2012</ref>
|15
|-
|Nevada
|Leaning to Obama.
|12.5%
|A recent special election for the state's 2nd congressional district was predicted to be competitive but resulted in a decisive victory for [[Republican]] [[Mark Amodei]]. [[Harry Reid]] won reelection in 2010 despite [[Tea Party]] opposition, but this may have been due to discrepancies and corruption in the voting process. As of September 20, 2012, Obama leads Romney 47% to 45%.<ref>[http://www.rasmussenreports.com/public_content/politics/elections/election_2012/election_2012_presidential_election/nevada/election_2012_nevada_president Election 2012: Nevada President] rasmussenreports.com, retrieved September 21, 2012</ref>
|6
|-
|Wisconsin
|Toss-up
|13.9%
|Elected Republicans to the state legislature, governor's office, and Senate in 2010. Despite much complaining by Democrats and their [[labor union]] allies, they failed to recall enough republican legislators for a majority, failed to defeat Justice David Prosser in the Supreme Court election. The final blow that put Wisconsin in play for the 2012 election was when Governor Scott Walker defeated his recall election by a wider margin than he was originally elected in 2010. The selection of Wisconsin Congressman [[Paul Ryan]] as Romney's running mate may also help him in Wisconsin and vie-presidential nominees tend to boost the ticket in their home state. While Romney did receive a bump after his choice of Ryan, as of September 2012, he was slightly trailing Obama, 46% to 49%.<ref>[http://www.rasmussenreports.com/public_content/politics/elections/election_2012/election_2012_presidential_election/wisconsin/election_2012_wisconsin_president Election 2012: Wisconsin President] rasmussenreports.com, retrieved September 21, 2012</ref>
|10
|}

Additional states that Obama carried by a wide margin in 2008 might become possibilities for a Romney victory in 2012 if he improves in the polls:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!State
!Margin of [[Obama]]'s win in 2008
!Indicators
!Electoral Votes in 2012
|-
|Michigan
|16%
|Mitt Romney, though not ideal for the average conservative, grew up in Michigan and could put it into play. His father, [[George Romney]], served as governor of the state. Obama is ahead of Romney 48% to 42%, as of Rasmussen's last poll, taken in July 2012.<ref>[http://www.rasmussenreports.com/public_content/politics/elections/election_2012/election_2012_presidential_election/michigan/election_2012_michigan_president Election 2012: Michigan President] rasmussenreports.com, retrieved September 21, 2012</ref>
|16
|-
|New Mexico
|15%
|Obama holds a substantial lead over Romney, 52% to 38%, according to Rasmussen's last poll, taken August 21, 2012.<ref>[http://www.rasmussenreports.com/public_content/politics/elections/election_2012/election_2012_presidential_election/new_mexico/election_2012_new_mexico_president Election 2012: New Mexico President] rasmussenreports.com, retrieved September 21, 2012.</ref>
|5
|-
|Pennsylvania
|10%
|Obama's has had high disapproval ratings here: 54%, and [[Republicans]] swept the elections in 2010; also, Obama polled poorly here in 2008 against [[Hillary Clinton]].<ref>[http://www.quinnipiac.edu/x1327.xml?ReleaseID=1653 Quinnipiac poll done late September 2011]</ref> As of September 21, 2012, Obama leads Romney by a 51% to 39% margin.<ref>[http://www.rasmussenreports.com/public_content/politics/elections/election_2012/election_2012_presidential_election/pennsylvania/election_2012_pennsylvania_president Election 2012: Pennsylvania President] rasmussenreports.com, retrieved September 21, 2012</ref>
|20
|}

== Effect on Policy ==

Swing state politics is having an enormous influence on policy: [[Obama]]'s abrupt change in [[deportation]] policy was probably due to how [[Mitt Romney]] has erased Obama's lead in the key swing state of [[Colorado]], and narrowed the lead in [[Nevada]] and [[Virginia]], all of which have large [[Hispanic]] populations.<ref>http://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/233037-obama-takes-action-on-deportations-as-romney-closes-gap-in-swing-states</ref>

==2008 Swing States==
*[[Colorado]]
*[[Florida]]
*[[Iowa]]
*[[Michigan]]
*[[Minnesota]]
*[[Missouri]]
*[[New Hampshire]]
*[[New Mexico]]
*[[Ohio]]
*[[Pennsylvania]]
*[[Wisconsin]]
*[[Virginia]]

== See also ==

*[[Presidential Election 2012]]
*[[Endorsements 2012]]

== External links ==

*[http://www.tnr.com/article/the-vital-center/95467/obama-mccain-elections-gop-democrats Analysis of Electoral College and popular vote]
*[http://news.yahoo.com/poll-romney-claims-slight-edge-15-battleground-states-164545408.html;_ylt=A2KLOzGP5vJPnRUA.Q3QtDMD July polling: Romney leads Obama, 51 percent to 43 percent in 15 swing states]

== References ==

<references/>

[[Category:Politics]]
[[Category:United States]]

Purple state

2017-01-17T17:21:31Z

Renan Jackson:

'''Purple state''' is a term gaining popularity in the US media. It refers to "battleground" or "swing" states in [[United States President]]ial elections. These states are the ones that candidates expend disproportionate resources in. Examples of "purple" states include: [[Pennsylvania]], [[Ohio]], [[Colorado]], [[Iowa]], [[Wisconsin]], and [[New Hampshire]].<ref>http://www.wordspy.com/words/purplestate.asp</ref>

"Purple" refers to the tradition of classifying states as "[[Red state|Red]]" or "[[Blue state|Blue]]", responding to an [[Electoral College]] vote of [[Republican Party|Republican]] and [[Democratic Party|Democratic]] presidential candidate, respectively. In this scheme, very close states are colored purple until the final vote tally is finished. In reality, most states are "purple" if viewed on a per-county basis.<ref>[http://www.princeton.edu/~rvdb/JAVA/election2004/ Purple states of America] - a county by county breakdown of presidential elections since 1960.</ref>

== Composition ==
Blue in local elections, Red in presidential elections:

*[[Montana]]
*[[West Virginia]]
*[[Missouri]]

Red in local elections, blue in presidential elections:

*[[Wisconsin]]
*[[Maine]]
*[[Nevada]]

Others:

*[[Iowa]]
*[[Ohio]]
*[[Pennsylvania]]
*[[Florida]]
*[[North Carolina]]
*[[Kentucky]]
*[[Arkansas]]
*[[Michigan]]

==See also==
* [[Blue Dog Democrat]]
* [[Gun control]] of the Purple States
* [[Blue state]]s or [[Essay:Free States Movement#Naughty State List|Unfree states]] of [[Big Government]]-[[Welfare state]]-[[Nanny state]]-[[Statist]]-[[Police state]]
* Purple states - swing states that can vote either [[Republican]] or [[Democrat]]
* [[Essay:Free States Movement|Free States Movement]]
* [[Strategic relocation]]: [[Vote with your feet]]
* [[American Redoubt]] - [[Free State Wyoming]] - [[Free State Project]]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

[[Category:Purple States]]
[[Category:United States Political Terms]]
[[Category:Conservatism]]
[[Category:Republicans]]
[[Category:Democrats]]
[[Category:Republican Party]]
[[Category:Democratic Party]]
[[Category:Strategic Relocation]]
[[Category:Gun Control]]
[[Category:Survivalism]]
[[Category:Politics]]
[[Category:Regions of the United States]]
[[Category:United States Geography]]
[[Category:United States of America]]
[[Category:Geography]]
[[Category:Welfare State]]

Blue state

2017-01-17T17:17:52Z

Renan Jackson:

'''Blue state''' refers to [[state]]s in the [[USA]] where a majority [[vote]]s for [[Democratic Party|Democrats]] in [[Presidential election]]s. They generally have [[liberal]] views on [[gun control]], [[big government]], [[taxation]], [[regulation]] of [[business]], [[human rights]], [[homosexuality|homosexual]] rights, [[abortion]], and [[crime]], and are not considered part of the [[real America]].

They are generally located in the northeast and on the [[west coast]] ([[left coast]]) of the [[United States]].

== Composition ==
Those states tend to vote Democrat in all elections:

*[[Washington]]
*[[Oregon]]
*[[California]]
*[[New Mexico]]
*[[Illinois]]
*[[Virginia]]
*[[Maryland]]
*[[Delaware]]
*[[New Hampshire]]
*[[Vermont]]
*[[New York]]
*[[Pennsylvania]]
*[[New Jersey]]
*[[Connecticut]]
*[[Rhode Island]]
*[[Minnesota]]
*[[Massachusetts]]
*[[Hawaii]]

Those states tend to vote Democrat, but favors Republicans in presidential elections:

*[[Montana]]
*[[West Virginia]]

Those states tend to vote Republican, but favors Democrats in presidential elections:

*[[Wisconsin]]
*[[Michigan]]

==See also==
* [[Gun control]] of the Blue States
* [[Purple state]]s - swing states that can vote either [[Republican]] or [[Democrat]]
* [[American Redoubt]] - [[Free State Wyoming]] - [[Free State Project]]

[[Category:United States Political Terms]]
[[Category:Blue States]]
[[Category:Democrats]]
[[Category:Democratic Party]]
[[Category:California]]
[[Category:San Francisco]]
[[Category:Los Angeles]]
[[Category:Colorado]]
[[Category:Connecticut]]
[[Category:Delaware]]
[[Category:Hawaii]]
[[Category:Illinois]]
[[Category:Chicago]]
[[Category:Maryland]]
[[Category:Maine]]
[[Category:Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Boston]]
[[Category:New Jersey]]
[[Category:New York]]
[[Category:New York City]]
[[Category:Urban History]]
[[Category:Oregon]]
[[Category:Rhode Island]]
[[Category:Vermont]]
[[Category:Washington]]
[[Category:DC]]
[[Category:Liberalism]]
[[Category:Liberals]]
[[Category:Anti Second Amendment]]
[[Category:Gun Control]]
[[Category:Oppression]]
[[Category:Welfare State]]
[[Category:Politics]]
[[Category:States of the United States]]
[[Category:United States History]]

{{USstates}}

Blue state

2017-01-17T17:17:22Z

Renan Jackson:

'''Blue state''' refers to [[state]]s in the [[USA]] where a majority [[vote]]s for [[Democratic Party|Democrats]] in [[Presidential election]]s. They generally have [[liberal]] views on [[gun control]], [[big government]], [[taxation]], [[regulation]] of [[business]], [[human rights]], [[homosexuality|homosexual]] rights, [[abortion]], and [[crime]], and are not considered part of the [[real America]].

They are generally located in the northeast and on the [[west coast]] ([[left coast]]) of the [[United States]].

== Composition ==
Those states tend to vote Democrat in all elections:

*[[Washington]]
*[[Oregon]]
*[[California]]
*[[New Mexico]]
*[[Illinois]]
*[[Virginia]]
*[[Maryland]]
*[[Delaware]]
*[[New Hampshire]]
*[[Vermont]]
*[[New York]]
*[[Pennsylvania]]
*[[New Jersey]]
*[[Connecticut]]
*[[Rhode Island]]
*[[Minnesota]]
*[[Massachussetts]]
*[[Hawaii]]

Those states tend to vote Democrat, but favors Republicans in presidential elections:

*[[Montana]]
*[[West Virginia]]

Those states tend to vote Republican, but favors Democrats in presidential elections:

*[[Wisconsin]]
*[[Michigan]]

==See also==
* [[Gun control]] of the Blue States
* [[Purple state]]s - swing states that can vote either [[Republican]] or [[Democrat]]
* [[American Redoubt]] - [[Free State Wyoming]] - [[Free State Project]]

[[Category:United States Political Terms]]
[[Category:Blue States]]
[[Category:Democrats]]
[[Category:Democratic Party]]
[[Category:California]]
[[Category:San Francisco]]
[[Category:Los Angeles]]
[[Category:Colorado]]
[[Category:Connecticut]]
[[Category:Delaware]]
[[Category:Hawaii]]
[[Category:Illinois]]
[[Category:Chicago]]
[[Category:Maryland]]
[[Category:Maine]]
[[Category:Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Boston]]
[[Category:New Jersey]]
[[Category:New York]]
[[Category:New York City]]
[[Category:Urban History]]
[[Category:Oregon]]
[[Category:Rhode Island]]
[[Category:Vermont]]
[[Category:Washington]]
[[Category:DC]]
[[Category:Liberalism]]
[[Category:Liberals]]
[[Category:Anti Second Amendment]]
[[Category:Gun Control]]
[[Category:Oppression]]
[[Category:Welfare State]]
[[Category:Politics]]
[[Category:States of the United States]]
[[Category:United States History]]

{{USstates}}

Red state

2017-01-17T17:13:17Z

Renan Jackson: /* Composition */

In the [[United States]], a '''red state''' is a state in which a simple majority has voted for the [[Republican Party|Republican]] candidate in a presidential [[election]]. The term comes from the news networks, which in the 2000 presidential election decided to agree on one color to represent the Republicans and one for the Democrats in the states the parties won. In many countries, including Canada and the United Kingdom, red is the color of liberals and blue is the color of conservatives, but liberals in the United States did not want to be red so they would not be associated with [[communism]].

==Definition==
Voters in red states are considered generally more [[conservative]] as a whole than voters in other states. People in red states generally consider themselves committed to conservative [[Christian]] [[morality]], [[abortion|pro-life]], [[family values]], economic self-sufficiency, and a desire to reduce the [[tax]] burden, be sufficiently armed for [[self-defense]], and reduce the degree of [[government]] intervention in their lives. This is opposed to, say, the liberal [[San Francisco values]] of the blue states. Red states are generally in the southern, western (except the Pacific coast), and midwestern [[United States]]. These states are also collectively known as the [[real America]].

== Composition ==
These states tend to favor Republicans in all elections:

*[[Idaho]]
*[[Utah]]
*[[Arizona]]
*[[Wyoming]]
*[[North Dakota]]
*[[South Dakota]]
*[[Nebraska]]
*[[Kansas]]
*[[Oklahoma]]
*[[Texas]]
*[[Louisiana]]
*[[Mississippi]]
*[[Alabama]]
*[[Georgia]]
*[[South Carolina]]
*[[Tennessee]]
*[[Indiana]]

These states tend to favor Republicans in presidential elections:

*[[Montana]]
*[[North Carolina]]
*[[Arkansas]]
*[[Kentucky]]
*[[Missouri]]
*[[Iowa]]
*[[Ohio]]

These states tend to vote Republican, but favors Democrats in presidential elections:

*[[Wisconsin]]
*[[Nevada]]
*[[Florida]]

==See also==
* [[Blue state]]s or [[Essay:Free States Movement#Naughty State List|Unfree states]] of [[Big Government]]-[[Welfare state]]-[[Nanny state]]-[[Statist]]-[[Police state]]
* [[Purple state]]s - swing states that can vote either [[Republican]] or [[Democrat]]
* [[Essay:Free States Movement|Free States Movement]]
* [[Strategic relocation]]: [[Vote with your feet]]
* [[American Redoubt]] - [[Free State Wyoming]] - [[Free State Project]]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

[[Category:Red States]]
[[Category:United States Political Terms]]
[[Category:Conservatism]]
[[Category:Republicans]]
[[Category:Republican Party]]
[[Category:Pro Second Amendment]]
[[Category:American Redoubt]]
[[Category:Survivalism]]
[[Category:Politics]]
[[Category:Regions of the United States]]
[[Category:United States Geography]]
[[Category:United States of America]]
[[Category:Geography]]
[[Category:Strategic Relocation]]

Red state

2017-01-17T17:13:02Z

Renan Jackson:

In the [[United States]], a '''red state''' is a state in which a simple majority has voted for the [[Republican Party|Republican]] candidate in a presidential [[election]]. The term comes from the news networks, which in the 2000 presidential election decided to agree on one color to represent the Republicans and one for the Democrats in the states the parties won. In many countries, including Canada and the United Kingdom, red is the color of liberals and blue is the color of conservatives, but liberals in the United States did not want to be red so they would not be associated with [[communism]].

==Definition==
Voters in red states are considered generally more [[conservative]] as a whole than voters in other states. People in red states generally consider themselves committed to conservative [[Christian]] [[morality]], [[abortion|pro-life]], [[family values]], economic self-sufficiency, and a desire to reduce the [[tax]] burden, be sufficiently armed for [[self-defense]], and reduce the degree of [[government]] intervention in their lives. This is opposed to, say, the liberal [[San Francisco values]] of the blue states. Red states are generally in the southern, western (except the Pacific coast), and midwestern [[United States]]. These states are also collectively known as the [[real America]].

== Composition ==
These states tend to favor Republicans in all elections:

*[[Idaho]]
*[[Utah]]
*[[Arizona]]
*[[Wyoming]]
*[[North Dakota]]
*[[South Dakota]]
*[[Nebraska]]
*[[Kansas]]
*[[Oklahoma]]
*[[Texas]]
*[[Louisiana]]
*[[Mississippi]]
*[[Alabama]]
*[[Georgia]]
*[[South Carolina]]
*[[Tennesse]]
*[[Indiana]]

These states tend to favor Republicans in presidential elections:

*[[Montana]]
*[[North Carolina]]
*[[Arkansas]]
*[[Kentucky]]
*[[Missouri]]
*[[Iowa]]
*[[Ohio]]

These states tend to vote Republican, but favors Democrats in presidential elections:

*[[Wisconsin]]
*[[Nevada]]
*[[Florida]]

==See also==
* [[Blue state]]s or [[Essay:Free States Movement#Naughty State List|Unfree states]] of [[Big Government]]-[[Welfare state]]-[[Nanny state]]-[[Statist]]-[[Police state]]
* [[Purple state]]s - swing states that can vote either [[Republican]] or [[Democrat]]
* [[Essay:Free States Movement|Free States Movement]]
* [[Strategic relocation]]: [[Vote with your feet]]
* [[American Redoubt]] - [[Free State Wyoming]] - [[Free State Project]]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

[[Category:Red States]]
[[Category:United States Political Terms]]
[[Category:Conservatism]]
[[Category:Republicans]]
[[Category:Republican Party]]
[[Category:Pro Second Amendment]]
[[Category:American Redoubt]]
[[Category:Survivalism]]
[[Category:Politics]]
[[Category:Regions of the United States]]
[[Category:United States Geography]]
[[Category:United States of America]]
[[Category:Geography]]
[[Category:Strategic Relocation]]

Red states and blue states

2017-01-17T17:08:52Z

Renan Jackson:

The concept of '''Red states and blue states''' refers to a mapping technique used by the [[Mainstream media]] for visually illustrating the winners of states in elections.
[[File:2000px-ElectoralCollege1980.png|right|thumb|200px|Lake Reagan]]
Over time, the colors have shifted.<ref name=farah>[http://www.wnd.com/2012/05/how-red-states-turned-blue-and-vice-versa/ How red states turned blue and vice versa], [[WND]]</ref> In earlier elections, there was no set pattern and in many cases, blue represented Republican gains.<ref>[https://www.baruch.cuny.edu/library/alumni/online_exhibits/pres_election_08map/page2.htm Origin of Red States, Blue States]</ref> Most notably, at the conclusion of the [[1980 Presidential Election]] members of the media referred to the landslide election of [[Ronald Reagan]] as a "suburban swimming pool"<ref>[http://www.conservativenewsandviews.com/2015/10/29/editorial/guest/dem-red-reagan-blue/ Dem red, Reagan blue]</ref> or "Lake Reagan."<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1310&dat=20040208&id=bVNWAAAAIBAJ&sjid=qesDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6665,1584006&hl=en One state, Two state; red state blue state]</ref>

Red is the color of [[communism]], and some believe that the effort to permanently make red the color of republicans is an effort to distance the democrat party from its increasingly socialist governance.<ref name=farah />

Most states in the [[South|southern region]], except for [[Florida]], [[Arkansas]], [[Kentucky]], [[North Carolina]], [[West Virginia]] ([[purple state]]s), and [[Virginia]] ([[blue state]]) are [[red state|red]] as well as all states in the center of the country (descending from [[North Dakota]] to [[Texas]]). [[Idaho]], [[Wyoming]], [[Utah]], [[Arizona]], [[Wisconsin]] and [[Indiana]] also tend to favor [[Republican]] candidates.

The entire [[New England]] region as well as the [[West Coast]] states tend to favor [[Democrats]]. [[Illinois]], [[Colorado]], [[New Mexico]], [[Virginia]], [[Maryland]], [[Delaware]], [[New Jersey]] and [[Minnesota]] are also [[Democratic]] strongholds.

The other states are known as "[[purple state]]s" or "[[swing state]]s".

==References==
{{reflist|1}}

[[Category:Blue States]]
[[Category:Politics]]
[[Category:Red States]]

Vice President of the United States of America

2016-11-26T14:09:29Z

Renan Jackson: /* List of vice-presidents */

:''"Vice President" redirects here. For a more general article on vice presidents, please see [[vice president]].''
The '''Vice President of the United States of America''' is first in the [[order of succession]] to the [[president of the United States of America|presidency]]. While the only duty spelled out for the position in the [[Constitution of the United States|Constitution]] is to preside over the [[United States Senate|Senate]], other duties have been assumed over time.

==Incumbent==
The current vice-president is [[Joseph Biden]], who took office on January 20, 2009, together with President [[Barack Obama]]. His predecessor was [[Richard Cheney]], who served under President [[George Bush]].

==Election==
Currently, the vice-president is elected together with the president, each [[Electoral College|elector]] voting for one man for president and another for vice-president. This system was mandated by the [[Twelfth Amendment]], ratified in 1804. Previously, each elector had voted for two different people for president, and the runner-up had become vice-president. However, this system broke down in the [[United States presidential election, 1800|election of 1800]], when [[Thomas Jefferson]], the [[Jeffersonian Republican]] presidential candidate, tied with [[Aaron Burr]], his running mate.

==List of vice-presidents==
Vice-presidents have included some "remarkable individuals":<ref>[http://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/briefing/Vice_President.htm]</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Vice President
!Years
!State
!Party
!President(s)
|-
|1. [[John Adams]]
|1789-1797
|[[Massachusetts]]
|Federalist<ref>While Washington was elected unanimously, by 1792, the two parties were running separate candidates for vice-president.</ref>
|Washington
|-
|2. [[Thomas Jefferson]]
|1797-1801
|[[Virginia]]
|Republican (Jeffersonian)<ref>This was before the [[Twelfth Amendment]]; Jefferson was actually the losing candidate for president. President Adams was a Federalist.</ref>
|Adams
|-
|3. [[Aaron Burr]]
|1801-1805
|[[New York]]
|Republican (Jeffersonian)
|Jefferson
|-
|4. [[George Clinton]]
|1805-1812
|[[New York]]
|Republican (Jeffersonian)
|Jefferson, Madison
|-
|5. [[Elbridge Gerry]]
|1813-1814
|[[Massachusetts]]
|Republican (Jeffersonian)
|Madison
|-
|6. [[Daniel D. Tompkins]]
|1817-1825
|[[New York]]
|Republican (Jeffersonian)
|Monroe
|-
|7. [[John C. Calhoun]]
|1825-1832
|[[South Carolina]]
|Republican (Jeffersonian), Democrat
|Adams, Jackson
|-
|8. [[Martin van Buren]]
|1833-1837
|[[New York]]
|Democratic
|Jackson
|-
|9. [[Richard M. Johnson]]
|1837-1841
|[[Kentucky]]
|Democratic
|van Buren
|-
|10. [[John Tyler]]
|1841
|[[Virginia]]
|Whig
|Harrison
|-
|11. [[George Dallas]]
|1845-1849
|[[Pennsylvania]]
|Democratic
|Polk
|-
|12. [[Millard Fillmore]]
|1849-1850
|[[New York]]
|Whig
|Taylor
|-
|13. [[William King]]
|1853
|[[Alabama]]
|Democratic
|Pierce
|-
|14. [[John C. Breckinridge]]
|1857-1861
|[[Kentucky]]
|Democratic
|Buchanan
|-
|15. [[Hannibal Hamlin]]
|1861-1865
|[[Maine]]
|Republican
|Lincoln
|-
|16. [[Andrew Johnson]]
|1865
|[[Tennessee]]
|Democratic<ref>Lincoln and Johnson were officially running on a "National Union" ticket, formed of Republicans and War Democrats. Lincoln was a Republican; Johnson a Democrat.</ref>
|Lincoln
|-
|17. [[Schuyler Colfax]]
|1869-1873
|[[Indiana]]
|Republican
|Grant
|-
|18. [[Henry Wilson]]
|1873-1875
|[[Massachusetts]]
|Republican
|Grant
|-
|19. [[William Wheeler]]
|1877-1881
|[[New York]]
|Republican
|Hayes
|-
|20. [[Chester Arthur]]
|1881
|[[New York]]
|Republican
|Garfield
|-
|21. [[Thomas Hendricks]]
|1885
|[[Indiana]]
|Democratic
|Cleveland
|-
|22. [[Levi P. Morton]]
|1889-1893
|[[New York]]
|Republican
|Harrison
|-
|23. [[Adlai Stevenson]]
|1893-1897
|[[Illinois]]
|Democratic
|Cleveland
|-
|24. [[Garret Hobart]]
|1897-1899
|[[New Jersey]]
|Republican
|McKinley
|-
|25. [[Theodore Roosevelt]]
|1901
|[[New York]]
|Republican
|McKinley
|-
|26. [[Charles Fairbanks]]
|1905-1909
|[[Indiana]]
|Republican
|Roosevelt
|-
|27. [[James S. Sherman]]
|1909-1912
|[[New York]]
|Republican
|Taft
|-
|28. [[Thomas R. Marshall]]
|1913-1921
|[[Indiana]]
|Democratic
|Wilson
|-
|29. [[Calvin Coolidge]]
|1921-1923
|[[Massachusetts]]
|Republican
|Harding
|-
|30. [[Charles Dawes]]
|1925-1929
|[[Illinois]]
|Republican
|Coolidge
|-
|31. [[Charles Curtis]]
|1929-1933
|[[Kansas]]
|Republican
|Hoover
|-
|32. [[John Nance Garner]]
|1933-1941
|[[Texas]]
|Democratic
|Roosevelt
|-
|33. [[Henry Wallace]]
|1941-1945
|[[Iowa]]
|Democratic
|Roosevelt
|-
|34. [[Harry Truman]]
|1945
|[[Missouri]]
|Democratic
|Roosevelt
|-
|35. [[Alben Barkley]]
|1949-1953
|[[Kentucky]]
|Democratic
|Truman
|-
|36. [[Richard Nixon]]
|1953-1961
|[[California]]
|Republican
|Eisenhower
|-
|37. [[Lyndon Johnson]]
|1961-1963
|[[Texas]]
|Democratic
|Kennedy
|-
|38. [[Hubert Humphrey]]
|1965-1969
|[[Minnesota]]
|Democratic
|Johnson
|-
|39. [[Spiro Agnew]]
|1969-1973
|[[Maryland]]
|Republican
|Nixon
|-
|40. [[Gerald Ford]]
|1973-1974
|[[Michigan]]
|Republican
|Nixon
|-
|41. [[Nelson Rockefeller]]
|1974-1977
|[[New York]]
|Republican
|Ford
|-
|42. [[Walter Mondale]]
|1977-1981
|[[Minnesota]]
|Democratic
|Carter
|-
|43. [[George H. W. Bush]]
|1981-1989
|[[Texas]]
|Republican
|Reagan
|-
|44. [[Dan Quayle]]
|1989-1993
|[[Indiana]]
|Republican
|Bush
|-
|45. [[Al Gore]]
|1993-2001
|[[Tennessee]]
|Democratic
|Clinton
|-
|46. [[Dick Cheney]]
|2001-2009
|[[Wyoming]]
|Republican
|Bush
|-
|47. [[Joseph Biden]]
|2009-2017
|[[Delaware]]
|Democratic
|Obama
|-
|48. [[Mike Pence|Michael Pence]]
|''2017-''
|[[Indiana]]
|Republican
|Trump
|}

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

{{USVicePresidents}}
[[Category:United States History]]

President of the United States of America

2016-11-26T14:08:22Z

Renan Jackson: /* Presidents list */

[[Image:Presidential seal 506x508.gif|thumbnail|right|The [[United States]] Presidential Seal]]
The '''President of the United States''' is the head of the [[United States of America|U.S.]] [[Executive Branch]]. As the [[head of state]] of the [[United States of America]], the president is one of the most powerful people in the [[world]]. The writers of the [[United States Constitution|Constitution]] recognized that they were writing a job description which, in [[England]], was and is filled by the office of the [[prime minister]] and position of the [[Monarchy|monarch]]. According to the [[Founding Fathers]] of the USA, at that time, the monarchy of England did not appear to serve the common man and the Founding Fathers wanted a [[government]] that did.

==Current president==
[[Barack Hussein Obama]] currently claims to be the 44th and current President (see note below the Presidents list). He took office on January 20, 2009. His predecessor was [[George W. Bush|George Walker Bush]].

==Election==
The president is selected every four years by the American people, although not through a popular vote but rather through the [[Electoral College]]. This process makes the presidency one of the few elected officials in the [[United States of America]] chosen indirectly. The Founding Fathers implemented this procedure to ensure the relevance of smaller states in the voting process.

==Term limits==
Prior to [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt]], presidents voluntarily limited themselves to two terms as an homage to [[George Washington]]. After Franklin D. Roosevelt served a little over twelve years in office, [[Congress]] passed the 22nd [[Constitutional Amendment]] restricting future presidents to two terms.

However, if the vice president succeeds to the presidency with no more than two years left in the prior president's term, he is allowed to run for two full terms, raising the potential time in office to ten years.

The first president to whom term limits applied was [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]].

==See also==
[[Vice President of the United States of America]]

==Presidents list==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!President
!Years
!State
!Party
!Vice President(s)
!Wing
|-
|1. [[George Washington]]
|1789-1797
|[[Virginia]]
|none
|Adams
|Right
|-
|2. [[John Adams]]
|1797-1801
|[[Massachusetts]]
|[[Federalist]]
|Jefferson
|
|-
|3. [[Thomas Jefferson]]
|1801-1809
|[[Virginia]]
|[[Republican (Jeffersonian)]]
|Burr, Clinton
|
|-
|4. [[James Madison]]
|1809-1817
|[[Virginia]]
|[[Republican (Jeffersonian)]]
|Clinton, Gerry
|
|-
|5. [[James Monroe]]
|1817-1825
|[[Virginia]]
|[[Republican (Jeffersonian)]]
|Tompkins
|
|-
|6. [[John Quincy Adams]]
|1825-1829
|[[Massachusetts]]
|[[National Republican]]
|Calhoun
|
|-
|7. [[Andrew Jackson]]
|1829-1837
|[[Tennessee]]
|[[Democrat Party|Democrat]]
|Calhoun, Van Buren
|Left
|-
|8. [[Martin van Buren]]
|1837-1841
|[[New York]]
|[[Democrat Party|Democrat]]
|Johnson
|
|-
|9. [[William Henry Harrison]]
|1841
|none
|[[Whig Party|Whig]]
|Tyler
|
|-
|10. [[John Tyler]]
|1841-1845
|[[Virginia]]
|[[Whig Party|Whig]]
|none
|
|-
|11. [[James Knox Polk]]
|1845-1849
|[[Tennessee]]
|[[Democrat Party|Democrat]]
|Dallas
|
|-
|12. [[Zachary Taylor]]
|1849-1850
|none
|[[Whig Party|Whig]]
|Filmore
|
|-
|13. [[Millard Filmore]]
|1850-1853
|[[New York]]
|[[Whig Party|Whig]]
|none
|
|-
|14. [[Franklin Pierce]]
|1853-1857
|[[New Hampshire]]
|[[Democrat Party|Democrat]]
|King
|
|-
|15. [[James Buchanan]]
|1857-1861
|[[Pennsylvania]]
|[[Democrat Party|Democrat]]
|Breckenridge
|
|-
|16. [[Abraham Lincoln]]
|1861-1865
|[[Illinois]]
|[[Republican Party|Republican]]
|Hamlin, Grant
|Right
|-
|17. [[Andrew Johnson]]
|1865-1869
|[[Tennessee]]
|[[Democrat Party|Democrat]]
|none
|
|-
|18. [[Ulysses S. Grant]]
|1869-1877
|[[Ohio]]
|[[Republican Party|Republican]]
|Colfax, Wilson
|
|-
|19. [[Rutherford Hayes]]
|1877-1881
|[[Ohio]]
|[[Republican Party|Republican]]
|Wheeler
|
|-
|20. [[James Garfield]]
|1881
|[[Ohio]]
|[[Republican Party|Republican]]
|Arthur
|
|-
|21. [[Chester Arthur]]
|1881-1885
|[[New York]]
|[[Republican Party|Republican]]
|none
|
|-
|22. [[Grover Cleveland]]
|1885-1889
|[[New York]]
|[[Democrat Party|Democrat]]
|Hendricks
|Right
|-
|23. [[Benjamin Harrison]]
|1889-1893
|[[Ohio]]
|[[Republican Party|Republican]]
|Morton
|
|-
|24. [[Grover Cleveland]]
|1893-1897
|[[New York]]
|[[Democrat Party|Democrat]]
|Stevenson
|Right
|-
|25. [[William McKinley]]
|1897-1901
|[[Ohio]]
|[[Republican Party|Republican]]
|Roosevelt
|
|-
|26. [[Theodore Roosevelt]]
|1901-1909
|[[New York]]
|[[Republican Party|Republican]]
|Fairbanks
|Centre
|-
|27. [[William Taft]]
|1909-1913
|[[Ohio]]
|[[Republican Party|Republican]]
|Sherman
|
|-
|28. [[Woodrow Wilson]]
|1913-1921
|[[Virginia]]
|[[Democrat Party|Democrat]]
|Marshall
|Left
|-
|29. [[Warren G. Harding]]
|1921-1923
|[[Ohio]]
|[[Republican Party|Republican]]
|Coolidge
|
|-
|30. [[Calvin Coolidge]]
|1923-1929
|[[Massachusetts]]
|[[Republican Party|Republican]]
|Dawes
|Right
|-
|31. [[Herbert Hoover]]
|1929-1933
|[[California]]
|[[Republican Party|Republican]]
|Curtis
|Left
|-
|32. [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt]]
|1933-1945
|[[New York]]
|[[Democrat Party|Democrat]]
|Garner, [[Henry A. Wallace|Wallace]], Truman
|Left
|-
|33. [[Harry S. Truman]]
|1945-1953
|[[Missouri]]
|[[Democrat Party|Democrat]]
|Barkley
|Left
|-
|34. [[Dwight David Eisenhower]]
|1953-1961
|[[Pennsylvania]]
|[[Republican Party|Republican]]
|Nixon
|Right
|-
|35. [[John Fitzgerald Kennedy]]
|1961-1963
|[[Massachusetts]]
|[[Democrat Party|Democrat]]
|Johnson
|Moderate Left
|-
|36. [[Lyndon Baines Johnson]]
|1963-1969
|[[Texas]]
|[[Democrat Party|Democrat]]
|Humphrey
|Left
|-
|37. [[Richard Milhouse Nixon]]
|1969-1974
|[[California]]
|[[Republican Party|Republican]]
|Agnew, Ford
|Moderate Right
|-
|38. [[Gerald Ford]]
|1974-1977
|[[Nebraska]]
|[[Republican Party|Republican]]
|Rockefeller
|Moderate
|-
|39. [[Jimmy Carter]]
|1977-1981
|[[Georgia]]
|[[Democrat Party|Democrat]]
|Mondale
|Left
|-
|40. [[Ronald Wilson Reagan]]
|1981-1989
|[[California]]
|[[Republican Party|Republican]]
|(H.W.) Bush
|Right
|-
|41. [[George Herbert Walker Bush]]
|1989-1993
|[[Texas]]
|[[Republican Party|Republican]]
|Quayle
|Right
|-
|42. [[Bill Clinton]]
|1993-2001
|[[Arkansas]]
|[[Democrat Party|Democrat]]
|Gore
|Left
|-
|43. [[George Walker Bush]]
|2001-2009
|[[Texas]]
|[[Republican Party|Republican]]
|Cheney
|Right
|-
|44. [[Barack Hussein Obama]]1
|2009-2017
|[[Illinois]]
|[[Democrat Party|Democrat]]
|Biden
|Left
|-
|45. [[Donald John Trump]]
|will take office on January 20, 2017
|[[New York]]
|[[Republican Party|Republican]]
|Pence
|Right
|}

1 There is doubt as to the legitimacy and legality of Obama's claim to the Presidency due to his refusal to disclose his legitimate birth records (the fraudulent "birth certificate" he released notwithstanding) and his history prior to his announcing his plan to run for President as a Democrat candidate in 2007. He has determined to keep his records sealed because revelation of such would reveal that, under [[United States Constitution:Article II|Article II, Section 1 of the United States Constitution]], he is not only not eligible to hold the office of President but was ineligible to even run for the Presidency under the Democratic party rules, thereby making both his Presidential run and his subsequent assumption of the office illegal under the Constitution. As such, Obama's ineligibility to run for or hold the office of President would mean that the United States of America did not have a legitimate executive from January 20, 2009 (the day that Obama assumed the office<ref>[http://www.conservativenewsandviews.com/2016/05/01/accountability/executive/barack-obama-stole-america/ Barack Obama Stole America] at Conservative News and Views</ref>) until January 20, 2017 (the day new President-elect [[Donald Trump]] will be sworn in to become the first legitimate President since George W. Bush).

==References==
<references />

{{USPresidents}}
[[Category:United States]]
[[Category:United States Elected Officials]]
[[Category:United States History]]

Donald John Trump

2016-11-26T14:06:59Z

Renan Jackson: Redirected page to Donald Trump

#redirect [[Donald Trump]]

President of the United States of America

2016-11-26T14:06:31Z

Renan Jackson: /* Presidents list */

[[Image:Presidential seal 506x508.gif|thumbnail|right|The [[United States]] Presidential Seal]]
The '''President of the United States''' is the head of the [[United States of America|U.S.]] [[Executive Branch]]. As the [[head of state]] of the [[United States of America]], the president is one of the most powerful people in the [[world]]. The writers of the [[United States Constitution|Constitution]] recognized that they were writing a job description which, in [[England]], was and is filled by the office of the [[prime minister]] and position of the [[Monarchy|monarch]]. According to the [[Founding Fathers]] of the USA, at that time, the monarchy of England did not appear to serve the common man and the Founding Fathers wanted a [[government]] that did.

==Current president==
[[Barack Hussein Obama]] currently claims to be the 44th and current President (see note below the Presidents list). He took office on January 20, 2009. His predecessor was [[George W. Bush|George Walker Bush]].

==Election==
The president is selected every four years by the American people, although not through a popular vote but rather through the [[Electoral College]]. This process makes the presidency one of the few elected officials in the [[United States of America]] chosen indirectly. The Founding Fathers implemented this procedure to ensure the relevance of smaller states in the voting process.

==Term limits==
Prior to [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt]], presidents voluntarily limited themselves to two terms as an homage to [[George Washington]]. After Franklin D. Roosevelt served a little over twelve years in office, [[Congress]] passed the 22nd [[Constitutional Amendment]] restricting future presidents to two terms.

However, if the vice president succeeds to the presidency with no more than two years left in the prior president's term, he is allowed to run for two full terms, raising the potential time in office to ten years.

The first president to whom term limits applied was [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]].

==See also==
[[Vice President of the United States of America]]

==Presidents list==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!President
!Years
!State
!Party
!Vice President(s)
!Wing
|-
|1. [[George Washington]]
|1789-1797
|[[Virginia]]
|none
|Adams
|Right
|-
|2. [[John Adams]]
|1797-1801
|[[Massachusetts]]
|[[Federalist]]
|Jefferson
|
|-
|3. [[Thomas Jefferson]]
|1801-1809
|[[Virginia]]
|[[Republican (Jeffersonian)]]
|Burr, Clinton
|
|-
|4. [[James Madison]]
|1809-1817
|[[Virginia]]
|[[Republican (Jeffersonian)]]
|Clinton, Gerry
|
|-
|5. [[James Monroe]]
|1817-1825
|[[Virginia]]
|[[Republican (Jeffersonian)]]
|Tompkins
|
|-
|6. [[John Quincy Adams]]
|1825-1829
|[[Massachusetts]]
|[[National Republican]]
|Calhoun
|
|-
|7. [[Andrew Jackson]]
|1829-1837
|[[Tennessee]]
|[[Democrat Party|Democrat]]
|Calhoun, Van Buren
|Left
|-
|8. [[Martin van Buren]]
|1837-1841
|[[New York]]
|[[Democrat Party|Democrat]]
|Johnson
|
|-
|9. [[William Henry Harrison]]
|1841
|none
|[[Whig Party|Whig]]
|Tyler
|
|-
|10. [[John Tyler]]
|1841-1845
|[[Virginia]]
|[[Whig Party|Whig]]
|none
|
|-
|11. [[James Knox Polk]]
|1845-1849
|[[Tennessee]]
|[[Democrat Party|Democrat]]
|Dallas
|
|-
|12. [[Zachary Taylor]]
|1849-1850
|none
|[[Whig Party|Whig]]
|Filmore
|
|-
|13. [[Millard Filmore]]
|1850-1853
|[[New York]]
|[[Whig Party|Whig]]
|none
|
|-
|14. [[Franklin Pierce]]
|1853-1857
|[[New Hampshire]]
|[[Democrat Party|Democrat]]
|King
|
|-
|15. [[James Buchanan]]
|1857-1861
|[[Pennsylvania]]
|[[Democrat Party|Democrat]]
|Breckenridge
|
|-
|16. [[Abraham Lincoln]]
|1861-1865
|[[Illinois]]
|[[Republican Party|Republican]]
|Hamlin, Grant
|Right
|-
|17. [[Andrew Johnson]]
|1865-1869
|[[Tennessee]]
|[[Democrat Party|Democrat]]
|none
|
|-
|18. [[Ulysses S. Grant]]
|1869-1877
|[[Ohio]]
|[[Republican Party|Republican]]
|Colfax, Wilson
|
|-
|19. [[Rutherford Hayes]]
|1877-1881
|[[Ohio]]
|[[Republican Party|Republican]]
|Wheeler
|
|-
|20. [[James Garfield]]
|1881
|[[Ohio]]
|[[Republican Party|Republican]]
|Arthur
|
|-
|21. [[Chester Arthur]]
|1881-1885
|[[New York]]
|[[Republican Party|Republican]]
|none
|
|-
|22. [[Grover Cleveland]]
|1885-1889
|[[New York]]
|[[Democrat Party|Democrat]]
|Hendricks
|Right
|-
|23. [[Benjamin Harrison]]
|1889-1893
|[[Ohio]]
|[[Republican Party|Republican]]
|Morton
|
|-
|24. [[Grover Cleveland]]
|1893-1897
|[[New York]]
|[[Democrat Party|Democrat]]
|Stevenson
|Right
|-
|25. [[William McKinley]]
|1897-1901
|[[Ohio]]
|[[Republican Party|Republican]]
|Roosevelt
|
|-
|26. [[Theodore Roosevelt]]
|1901-1909
|[[New York]]
|[[Republican Party|Republican]]
|Fairbanks
|
|-
|27. [[William Taft]]
|1909-1913
|[[Ohio]]
|[[Republican Party|Republican]]
|Sherman
|
|-
|28. [[Woodrow Wilson]]
|1913-1921
|[[Virginia]]
|[[Democrat Party|Democrat]]
|Marshall
|Left
|-
|29. [[Warren G. Harding]]
|1921-1923
|[[Ohio]]
|[[Republican Party|Republican]]
|Coolidge
|
|-
|30. [[Calvin Coolidge]]
|1923-1929
|[[Massachusetts]]
|[[Republican Party|Republican]]
|Dawes
|
|-
|31. [[Herbert Hoover]]
|1929-1933
|[[California]]
|[[Republican Party|Republican]]
|Curtis
|
|-
|32. [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt]]
|1933-1945
|[[New York]]
|[[Democrat Party|Democrat]]
|Garner, [[Henry A. Wallace|Wallace]], Truman
|Left
|-
|33. [[Harry S. Truman]]
|1945-1953
|[[Missouri]]
|[[Democrat Party|Democrat]]
|Barkley
|Left
|-
|34. [[Dwight David Eisenhower]]
|1953-1961
|[[Pennsylvania]]
|[[Republican Party|Republican]]
|Nixon
|Right
|-
|35. [[John Fitzgerald Kennedy]]
|1961-1963
|[[Massachusetts]]
|[[Democrat Party|Democrat]]
|Johnson
|Moderate Left
|-
|36. [[Lyndon Baines Johnson]]
|1963-1969
|[[Texas]]
|[[Democrat Party|Democrat]]
|Humphrey
|Left
|-
|37. [[Richard Milhouse Nixon]]
|1969-1974
|[[California]]
|[[Republican Party|Republican]]
|Agnew, Ford
|Moderate Right
|-
|38. [[Gerald Ford]]
|1974-1977
|[[Nebraska]]
|[[Republican Party|Republican]]
|Rockefeller
|Moderate
|-
|39. [[Jimmy Carter]]
|1977-1981
|[[Georgia]]
|[[Democrat Party|Democrat]]
|Mondale
|Left
|-
|40. [[Ronald Wilson Reagan]]
|1981-1989
|[[California]]
|[[Republican Party|Republican]]
|(H.W.) Bush
|Right
|-
|41. [[George Herbert Walker Bush]]
|1989-1993
|[[Texas]]
|[[Republican Party|Republican]]
|Quayle
|Right
|-
|42. [[Bill Clinton]]
|1993-2001
|[[Arkansas]]
|[[Democrat Party|Democrat]]
|Gore
|Left
|-
|43. [[George Walker Bush]]
|2001-2009
|[[Texas]]
|[[Republican Party|Republican]]
|Cheney
|Right
|-
|44. [[Barack Hussein Obama]]1
|2009-2017
|[[Illinois]]
|[[Democrat Party|Democrat]]
|Biden
|Left
|-
|45. [[Donald John Trump]]
|will take office on January 20, 2017
|[[New York]]
|[[Republican Party|Republican]]
|Pence
|Right
|}

1 There is doubt as to the legitimacy and legality of Obama's claim to the Presidency due to his refusal to disclose his legitimate birth records (the fraudulent "birth certificate" he released notwithstanding) and his history prior to his announcing his plan to run for President as a Democrat candidate in 2007. He has determined to keep his records sealed because revelation of such would reveal that, under [[United States Constitution:Article II|Article II, Section 1 of the United States Constitution]], he is not only not eligible to hold the office of President but was ineligible to even run for the Presidency under the Democratic party rules, thereby making both his Presidential run and his subsequent assumption of the office illegal under the Constitution. As such, Obama's ineligibility to run for or hold the office of President would mean that the United States of America did not have a legitimate executive from January 20, 2009 (the day that Obama assumed the office<ref>[http://www.conservativenewsandviews.com/2016/05/01/accountability/executive/barack-obama-stole-america/ Barack Obama Stole America] at Conservative News and Views</ref>) until January 20, 2017 (the day new President-elect [[Donald Trump]] will be sworn in to become the first legitimate President since George W. Bush).

==References==
<references />

{{USPresidents}}
[[Category:United States]]
[[Category:United States Elected Officials]]
[[Category:United States History]]

Nebraska

2016-08-17T13:38:30Z

Renan Jackson:

{{USState
|name=Nebraska
|flag=Nebraska_State_Flag.gif
|motto=Equality before the law
|nick=The Cornhusker State
|capital=Lincoln
|language=English
|governor=Pete Ricketts
|gparty=Republican
|senator2=Mike Johanns
|s2party=Republican
|s2phone=(202) 224-4224
|s2email=http://johanns.senate.gov/public/?p=EmailSenatorJohanns Contact
|senator1=Ben Nelson
|s1party=Democrat
|s1phone=(202) 224-6551
|s1email=http://bennelson.senate.gov/contact/email.cfm Contact
|population=1,796,619
|date=March 1, 1867 (37th)
}}
'''Nebraska''' is the thirty-seventh state to enter into the Union. It is located in the Midwest and borders Kansas, Missouri, Iowa, Wyoming, and South Dakota. Its capital is [[Lincoln]], and largest city is [[Omaha]].

==History==

Parts of what is now Nebraska lay along the [[Oregon Trail|Oregon]], Mormon, and California Trails. Fort Kearney in particular was an important stop for those travelers.<ref>[http://www.theus50.com/nebraska/]</ref>

On May 30, 1854, Congress passed the [[Kansas-Nebraska Act]] [http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/kanneb.htm], which created the territories of [[Kansas]] and Nebraska, divided at the 40th parallel, and gave them [[popular sovereignty]],<ref>[http://library.thinkquest.org/J0112391/kansas-nebraska_act.htm]</ref> that is, the right to decide whether to allow slavery or not. This act had been proposed by Senator [[Stephen Douglas]] of [[Illinois]], and angered slavery opponents because it allowed for the possibility of slavery north of the line drawn in the 1820 [[Missouri Compromise]]. The Kansas-Nebraska Act led to violence in Kansas, known as Bleeding Kansas. Despite the fact that such violence did not take place in Nebraska, Nebraska had to wait until March 1, 1867 to enter the Union.

==Elected Officials==

===Federal===
*Sen. [[Ben Nelson]] (D)
*Sen. [[Mike Johanns]] (R)
*Rep. [[Jeff Fortenberry]] [R, NE-01]
*Rep. [[Lee Terry]] [R, NE-02]
*Rep. [[Adrian Smith]] [R, NE-03]

===Statewide===
*Governor [[Dave Heineman]] (R)
*Lt. Governor [[Rick Sheehy]] (R)
*Attorney General [[Jon Bruning]] (R)
*Secretary of State [[John Gale]] (R)
*State Auditor [[Mike Foley]] (R)
*State Treasurer [[Don Stenberg]] (R)

==Miscellaneous Facts==
Nebraska was the only state to use the electric chair as its sole method of [[Capital punishment|execution]].,<ref>[http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,206131,00.html]</ref> although now it uses lethal injection after a ruling by the Nebraska Supreme Court stated the electric chair was unconstitutional <ref>[http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/methods-execution]</ref>

In the world of sports, the football team of the University of Nebraska-Lincoln is the state's pride and joy, having won five national championships.<ref>[http://sharkfeet.tripod.com/history.htm]</ref>

Nebraska is the only state to have a unicameral Legislative body (since 1934/7 when it was decided in a constitutional amendment to remove the house of representatives to cut costs); along with a nonpartisan (Parties are not listed as part of the election, although there is no question of which party a person is from) election format; and is also the smallest at 49 senators.<ref>[http://nebraskalegislature.gov/about/ou_facts.php]</ref>

==Notable Nebraskans==
*[[William Jennings Bryan]], former presidential candidate, Populist statesman, and participant in the Scopes trial in the 1920s, lived in Lincoln.
*[[Gutzon Borglun]], who designed Mount Rushmore, grew up in Nebraska.
*Billionaire investor [[Warren Buffett]] lives in [[Omaha]].
*Famous author [[Willa Cather]], best known for her novel ''My Antonia'', grew up in Red Cloud, an experience which inspired the book.
*President [[Gerald Ford]] was born in Omaha.
*[[L. Ron Hubbard]], founder of the Church of [[Scientology]], was born in Tilden.
*Charles Starkweather, one of the most notorious serial killers in American history, was executed in Nebraska.
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{USstates}}
[[Category:States of the United States]]
[[Category:Red states]]

Talk:Jair Bolsonaro

2016-06-04T15:56:15Z

Renan Jackson:

It's funny to read Dilma Rousseff labeled "Marxist", since in the 13 years of her party's misgovernment the only ones who profited were the dozen or so of the most rich people in Brazil. If "left" is governing for the people and "right" for the rich (which it isn't, but that's how leftists think about themselves), then Dilma and Lula were extreme-extreme-extreme-right. [[User:Sunda62|Sunda62]] ([[User talk:Sunda62|talk]]) 11:25, 14 May 2016 (EDT)

:But this is the argument that the left uses to say they have no blame of the shit that PT did in Brazil: say the party is on the right because governed for the rich, which the left has always done since born. All that Dilma did makes she's more Marxist and fascist.--[[User:Renan Jackson|Renan Jackson]] ([[User talk:Renan Jackson|talk]]) 11:56, 4 June 2016 (EDT)

Social Liberal Party

2016-06-04T15:50:23Z

Renan Jackson:

{{PoliticalParty
| party_name = Social Liberal Party
| party_logo =
| website = [http://www.psl.org.br www.psl.org.br]
| leader = Luciano Caldas Bivar
| Parleader =
| foundation = October 30, 1994
| ideology = [[Libertarianism]] [[Fiscal conservatism]] [[Liberalism]] (former)
| position = ''Fiscal'': [[Free market]] ''Social'': [[Libertarian]]
| international =
| colors = purple and white
| footnotes =
}}

'''Social Liberal Party''' is a [[Brazil]]ian political party ideologically connected to the [[libertarian]] and objectivist [[right]]. It was founded with moderately [[liberal]] ideas, who argued that the [[federal government]] should spend on [[healthcare]], [[education]], [[security]], [[energy]] and other basic industries, but that would total space for other sectors would be dominated by the private sector.

However, since 2015, taking advantage of the fact of the party being small and insignificant, the [[libertarian]] internal tendency ''LIVRES'' (in english: ''FREE'') decided to make an ideological reformulation in the party, leading the party to a more [[right-wing]] [[liberalism]], keeping the moderate social ideas, but turning the party [[fiscal conservatism|fiscally conservative]] and advocate of [[limited government]]<ref>[http://rodrigoconstantino.com/artigos/psl-se-renova-e-foca-mais-no-liberal-da-sigla-ou-its-happening/ PSL is renewed and more focused on the "Liberal" of Acronym]</ref>.

The party doesn't qualify as a [[right-wing]] party, as it believes that the term "[[right-wing]]" is closely associated to [[social conservatism|social conservative]]s, which the party opposes. However, recognizes [[economic freedom]] as a right-wing issue and says that in the eyes of a [[socialist]] or [[liberal]], they're on the [[right]]. In the eyes of a [[conservative]], they're on the [[left]]. Despite the ideological makeover, they continue defining themselves as "[[liberal|liberal socials]]", and say they advocate a [[libertarianism]] that focuses on society, not the individual, differing from traditional [[libertarian]] currents. And as the [[New Party (Brazil)|New Party]], they also supports the permanence of certain social programs created by the ultra-left governments of [[Party of Brazilian Social Democracy|PSDB]] and [[Worker's Party (Brazil)|PT]]. Like the [[American]] [[Libertarian Party]], PSL qualify themselves as [[fiscal conservatism|fiscally conservative]] and [[liberal|socially liberal]].

According to its official website, the party supports the [[American]] model of [[federalism]]<ref>[http://www.psl.org.br/ Our issues]</ref>.

== References ==
<references>
</references>

== See also ==
*[[New Party (Brazil)]], another brazilian libertarian party

{{brazilian political parties}}

[[Category:Libertarianism]]

Maine

2016-05-22T16:15:21Z

Renan Jackson:

{{outdated|2012}}
{{USState
|name=Maine
|flag=Maine_State_Flag.gif
|motto="Dirigo" (I lead)
|nick=The Pine Tree State
|capital=Augusta
|language=None
|governor=Paul LePage
|gparty=Republican
|senator2=Susan Collins
|s2party=Republican
|s2phone=(202) 224-2523
|s2email=http://collins.senate.gov/public/continue.cfm?FuseAction=ContactSenatorCollins.Email&CFID=39113496&CFTOKEN=99427497 Contact
|senator1=Angus King
|s1party=Independent
|s1phone=(202) 224-5344
|s1email=https://www.king.senate.gov/contact Contact
|population=
|date=March 15, 1820 (23rd)
}}
'''Maine''' was the twenty-third state to enter into the union. Its capital is Augusta. It is one of the [[liberal]] bastions in the Northeast, along with much of [[New England]], and is generally has a high concentration of gay activist legislators. This is somewhat out of balance with the general trend of U.S. voters, a majority of whom consistently vote [[Republican]] and identify as [[conservative]].

The rocks of Maine are one of the oldest parts of the US, dating from the Devonian period.<ref>http://www.statefossils.com/me/me.html</ref> The last [[glaciers]] of the ice age shaped the coastline into the many [[peninsula|peninsulas]] we see today and formed Maine's 2,000 [[island|islands]].
[[File:Portland Maine.jpg|frame|left|Portland, Maine.]]
==The earliest Mainers==

Descendants of Ice Age hunters, the earliest Mainers were nicknamed Red Paint People, because they lined the graves of their dead with red clay. These graves are thought to date back five thousand years. There are also large heaps of oyster shells on the coast that are thought to date back to the Red Paint People.

The two earliest Native American tribes of Maine were the Micmacs in eastern Maine and the Abanakis, who are also sometimes called Wabanakis. The former were warlike, but the latter were mainly peaceful farmers and fishers. The only remaining Native Americans today, of the many tribes who once inhabited Maine, are 1500 Passamaquoddies, who live on two reservations, and 1200 Penobscots, who live on Indian Island in the Penobscot River. <ref>http://www.mainehistory.info/history.html</ref>

==Vikings in Maine==

Five hundred years earlier than [[Columbus]], the Viking raider Leif Ericson with a crew of 30 sailors are thought to have explored the Maine coast and possibly tried to establish a settlement here. The only piece of real evidence for this is the finding of an 11th century Norse coin in Brooklin, Maine along with other artifacts when a former Native American trading center was excavated. This is not conclusive though, as the coin may have been used in trade from Newfoundland or may have been brought very much later by the English or Portuguese.<ref>http://www.answers.com/topic/leif-ericson</ref>

==Colonization==

In 1498 John Cabot, who was employed by King Henry VII of England, may have explored the Maine coast, although there is no concrete evidence of his visit. A hundred years later, some European ships came ashore to repair the ships and gather fresh supplies.

The [[Plymouth Company]] established the first settlement at Popham in 1607, the same year that the Jamestown, VA, settlement was established. However, the severe Maine winter defeated the Popham colony so Jamestown is considered the first permanent settlement in America. The rigors of climate, difficulties of agriculture and attacks by Indians also wiped out many later English settlements that were established in the 1620s.

By 1700 there were only six surviving settlements. Massachusetts had acquired most of the land claims in Maine by that time, and this arrangement continued until Maine acquired its own statehood in 1820. <ref>http://www.mainehistory.info/timeline.html</ref>

==Disputes over ownership==

England and France disputed the ownership of Maine during the early eighteenth century. The French actively supported Indian raids on white settlements, thinking this would drive English settlers out.

William Pepperell of Kittery led Maine forces in the capture of the French fort at Louisburg, NS, in 1745. In 1763 the French surrendered all claims to the territory in the 1763 Treaty of Paris.

Massachusetts offered free 100-acre lots to prospective settlers once the Indian threat subsided and the French had withdrawn, and the population of Maine doubled to 24,000 by 1763, and to over 150,000 by 1800. <ref>http://www.mainehistory.info/history.html</ref>

==Maine during the Revolutionary War==

Mainers resisted the oppressive British taxes ten years before the Revolutionary War, seizing tax stamps at what was then called Falmouth but is now [[Portland]]. Customs agents were frequently attacked. A version of the [[Boston Tea Party]] happened in York, Maine in 1774 when a tea shipment was burned in York.

Hundreds of Mainers joined the struggle for independence. About 1,000 men died, sea trade was almost destroyed, and the British bombarded Falmouth (Portland). Maine's share of the Revolutionary War debt was higher than that later incurred by Maine's debt from the Civil War.

In 1775 the first naval battle of the Revolutionary War occurred off the coast of Machias and [[Benedict Arnold]] marched a band of revolutionaries through Maine in a valiant but doomed attempt at capturing [[Québec City]] and [[Montreal]]. <ref>http://www.mainehistory.info/timeline.html</ref>

==Becoming a State==

After the [[Revolutionary War]], settlers on what was then a frontier area resented being ruled from 'away' in Boston and campaigned for separation from Massachusetts.

Politically powerful merchants resisted the separation movement until after the [[War of 1812]], when [[Massachusetts]] proved unable or unwilling to protect Mainers against the British.

Maine eventually became the 23rd State under the [[Missouri Compromise]] of 1820. Maine's position as a free state balanced Missouri's entry as a slave state the following year. The state constitution was rooted in political independence, [[freedom of religion|religious freedom]] and popular control of government.

William King, who served as president of the Constitutional Convention, was a shipbuilder and merchant from Bath. He subsequently became Maine's first governor.

At first Portland was the state capital, but in 1832 the capital was moved to [[Augusta]] because of its more central location. <ref>http://www.maine.gov/portal/facts_history/</ref>

==Maine and the Abolitionist movement==

Maine was admitted to the Union as a free state, but some Mainers were involved in activities related to [[slavery]], such as the [[Triangle Trade]].

However, the famous abolitionist speaker and writer [[William Lloyd Garrison]] made a speaking tour of Maine in 1832 arousing discussion and dispute. By 1834 there were branches of the American Antislavery Society in Maine and state and local organizations were taking part in antislavery activities and the dissemination of information.

Some Mainers, especially those who depended on southern trade, felt that the issue was best left alone, as a dispute might endanger the union, and felt that the South would abolish slavery in its own time if the North left it alone.

In 1836 the mayor of [[Portland]] refused permission for the Antislavery Society to meet in City Hall, but the meeting was held at the [[Quaker]] meetinghouse instead, despite being the target anti-abolition mobs. Similar disputes broke out in other towns, but public opinion began to be swayed by the information put out by antislavery societies.

In the spring of 1837, Maine and Georgia nearly came to blows over abolitionism after a group of Maine seamen took a runaway slave named Atticus home with them. Atticus was eventually betrayed back to his owner, but many Mainers played a subsequent part as stops on the the [[Underground Railway]] that saw many slaves safely away from captivity.<ref>http://imaginemaine.com/mainestories/Atticus.html</ref>

Hannibal Hamlin was a Democratic Senator. However, he left the party in 1854 over the slavery issue and was a leading force in the formation of the Republican Party in Maine. He served as the state's first Republican governor and became the nation's first Republican vice president after the election of [[Abraham Lincoln]].

==Maine and Prohibition==

The world's first Total Abstinence Society was founded in Portland in 1815 and other temperance societies over the next two decades. Eventually, a state law prohibiting the sale of alcohol except for "medicinal and mechanical purposes" was passed. By 1851 a law banning the manufacture and sale of liquor was passed in 1851 and not repealed until 1934, along with the repeal of Prohibition in the rest of the United States.

==Maine and the Civil War==

Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote "Uncle Tom's Cabin" at Brunswick, where her husband was a professor at Bowdoin College. The popular book aroused anti-slavery feelings throughout the northern states in the 1850s.

Around 73,000 Mainers served with the Union army, and about one in ten died during the Civil War.

Two great generals, Oliver Otis Howard and Joshua L Chamberlain. Howard distinguished himself at Gettysburg and Bull Run, and Chamberlain is remembered for his heroism at Little Round Top and for commanding the Union troops to whom Lee surrendered at Appomattox. After the war, Chamberlain became governor of Maine.

Howard was one of the main founders of Howard University and was its first president. Chamberlain later became president of Bowdoin College.

==Maine Politics==

Maine politics was dominated by the Republican Party from 1854 until the Democrat [[Edmund S. Muskie ]] became governor in 1954. He and others broadened the Democratic base.

Muskie became one of Maine's Senators in 1958. He was prominent in the [[environmental movement]] and also considered expert in urban legislation and budget control. He was Hubert Humphrey's Vice Presidential nominee in 1968, and in 1972 was a candidate for the Democratic presidential nomination. President [[Jimmy Carter]] appointed Senator Muskie Secretary of State in 1979.

Senator George Mitchell of Waterville succeeded Senator Muskie, and became Senate majority leader from 1988 until he retired in 1994. After his retirement, he was much respected for his attempts to work with both sides of the dispute to bring peace to Northern Ireland.

[[Margaret Chase Smith]] of Skowhegan was the first American woman elected to both houses of Congress. She was in the House of Representatives for nearly ten years, and then a Senator. She was a liberal Republican, and was notably honest, independent and courageous.

Maine is a hotbed of independent voters, who outnumber both enrolled Democrats and Republicans and determine the outcome of most elections today. Two political independents have been governors of Maine: James B Longley of Lewiston in 1974, and Angus S King of Brunswick in 1994.

Maine's current U.S. Senators, [[Olympia J. Snowe]] and [[Susan Collins]], are both moderate Republicans. The current Representatives, [[Mike Michaud]] and [[Chellie Pingree]], are both Democrats.<ref>http://www.maine.gov/portal/facts_history/</ref>

Since 2004, Maine has offered [[domestic partnership]]s, which are similar to [[same sex marriage]]<ref>[http://www.answers.com/topic/domestic-partnership-in-the-united-states Answers.com]</ref>

== Elected Officials ==

===Federal===
* Sen. [[Olympia J. Snowe]] (R)
* Sen. [[Susan Collins]] (R)
* Rep. [[Chellie Pingree]] [D, ME-01]
* Rep. [[Mike Michaud]] [D, ME-02]

===Statewide===
* Governor [[Paul LePage]] (R)
* Attorney General [[Janet Mills]] (D)
* Secretary of State [[Matthew Dunlap]] (D)
* State Auditor [[Neria Douglass]] (D)
* State Treasurer [[David Lemoine]] (D)

==Notable people from Maine==

Kennebunkport, Maine is the summer home of the Bush family, including former President [[George H. W. Bush]] and former President [[George W. Bush]].

[[Joshua Chamberlain]], a Union officer during the Civil War who quite possibly saved the Union in the Battle of Gettysburg with his "swinging gate maneuver", was born in Brewer and served as Maine's governor.

[[James G. Blaine]] dominated state and national Republican politics from the mid-1860s to the end of the century. He was speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives, Maine's senator, and served three Republican presidents as secretary of state. He was the presidential candidate for the Republican Party in 1884, but lost by a narrow margin to [[Grover Cleveland]].

[[Thomas B. Reed]] was Speaker of the House for three terms. He campaigned for reforms in House rules and wrote Reed's Rules of Order, which are still used in the Maine Legislature.

[[Margaret Chase Smith]] of Skowhegan was the first American woman elected to both houses of Congress.

[[George Mitchell]], a well-respected former senator. Instrumental in the Good Friday Agreement in Northern Ireland.

[[Stephen King]], a wildly popular horror novelist, is a lifelong resident of Maine and sets many of his novels in the state.

[[E.B. White]], a writer best known for his children's books ''Stuart Little'' and ''Charlotte's Web'', lived in North Brooklin.

==References==
<references/>

{{USstates}}
[[Category:States of the United States]]
[[Category:Maine]]

NH

2016-05-22T16:09:08Z

Renan Jackson: NH

#redirect [[New Hampshire]]

Democratic

2016-04-28T02:33:16Z

Renan Jackson:

The term '''Democratic''' may refers to:

*An [[Democracy]] advocate.
*An member or supporter of U.S. [[Democratic Party]].

[[Category:Politics]]

Harriet Tubman

2016-04-28T02:29:58Z

Renan Jackson:

{{bio
|name=Harriet Tubman
|image=3a10453r.jpg
|image-width=200px
|yob=1820
|dob=
|yod=1913
|dod=
|husband=
|husband-raw=
|birthplace=
|birthplace-raw=Dorchester County, [[Maryland]]
}}

'''Harriet Ross''', later known as Harriet Tubman, was an escaped [[slave]] and [[abolitionist]] who played an important role in the [[Underground Railroad]].

According to ''Christianity Today'': "Tubman's friends and fellow abolitionists claimed that the source of her strength came from her faith in God as deliverer and protector of the weak. "I always tole God," she said, "'I'm gwine [going] to hole stiddy on you, an' you've got to see me through.'"<ref>[http://www.christianitytoday.com/ch/131christians/activists/tubman.html Harriet Tubman - bio]</ref>

== Harriet's Life as a Slave ==
Harriet began to work as a house servant around the age of 6, and by the time she was 13 she was working in the fields. Harriet, like most slaves, was constantly abused. At the age of 13, she attempted to prevent another slave from being punished, and as a result had a two pound iron weight thrown at her by the slave's chaser. The weight struck Harriet in the side of the head and caused her to suffer periodic blackouts for the rest of her life. In 1844, Harriet married a free black man, named [[John Tubman]]. Harriet remained a slave, but was allowed to live with him in his cabin.

==Escape From Slavery==
Like any other slave, Harriet lived in constant fear of being shipped off to the deep [[the South|South]]. As a result, she decided to run away, hiking through ninety miles of swamps and woodlands. In 1849, Harriet finally reached [[Philadelphia]]. While working as a dishwasher to earn money, she made plans to save the rest of her family. She returned the next year and rescued her sister and her sister's family. After returning to rescue her brothers, she went to her husband to see if he would come with her. John had remarried and refused to come with her. In 1857, Harriet rescued her parents and settled them in Auburn, [[New York]].

==Life as a Free Black Woman==
Although Harriet was wanted at the price of $40,000, she was a master of disguise and even a former owner did not recognize her. She was nicknamed the "[[Moses]] of her people" from the Bible story of Moses leading the Israelites from slavery ([[Book of Exodus|Exodus]] chapters 1-35). Harriet became a spy for the union army when the [[American Civil War|Civil War]] began. Harriet later worked in Washington as a government nurse. She did not receive a government pension for more than 30 years. When the war ended, Harriet returned to her parents in Auburn. The profits of a book titled ''Scenes in the Life of Harriet Tubman'' by Sara Bradford, kept Harriet from poverty. Harriet was married again in 1870 to a man named Nelson Davis. They were happily married until, 18 years later, Nelson died. Harriet purchased land in 1896 to build a home for sick and needy blacks. Unable to raise enough money for the home, she gave the land to the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church. They completed the home in 1908, and Harriet soon after, moved into it. She died in 1913 from pneumonia. She was 93 years old.

==Legacy==
In commemoration of Tubman's life and contributions toward ending slavery in the United States, [[United States Department of the Treasury|US Treasury]] secretary James Lew announced on April 20, 2016 that Tubman would replace [[Andrew Jackson]] on the front of the $20 bill.<ref>[http://www.politico.com/story/2016/04/treasurys-lew-to-announce-hamilton-to-stay-on-10-bill-222204 Tubman replacing Jackson on the $20, Hamilton spared]</ref>

==See Also==
* [[Abolitionism]]

==References==
<references/>

{{DEFAULTSORT: Tubman, Harriet}}

[[category:Abolitionists]]
[[category:Republicans]]

American Nazi Party

2016-04-18T23:36:23Z

Renan Jackson:

{{AmericanPoliticalParty
| party_name=American Nazi Party
| party_articletitle = American Nazi Party
| party_logo =
| website =
| headquarters = [[Arlington, Virginia]]
| chairman = [[Rocky Suhayda]]
| houseleader =
| senateleader =
| foundation = 1959
| ideology = [[Nazi|Neo-Nazism]]
| fiscalpolicy = [[Keynes]]
| socialpolicy = [[Social Darwinism|Darwinist]]
| colors = Blue and buff
| footnotes =
}}

[[Image:George Lincoln Rockwell.jpg|right|thumb|300px|George Lincoln Rockwell, founder of the American Nazi Party]]
The [[American Nazi Party]] was founded in the [[United States]] by [[George Lincoln Rockwell]] in 1958. [[Homosexual]]s made up a "significant" part of its membership.<ref>http://www.splcenter.org/get-informed/intelligence-report/browse-all-issues/2000/fall/the-fringe-of-the-fringe</ref> They pledged allegiance to the ideals of [[Nazi]] [[Germany]] and the late [[Adolf Hitler]]. Rockwell was assassinated by one of his members, John Patler, in 1967 over an internal party dispute, and was replaced by Matthias Koehl, who had previously been a founder of the [[National States Rights Party]] in 1958. Koehl had two deputies, his "national officers", Robert Lloyd and [[William Pierce]]. The party denials the [[Holocaust]].

==Changes of name==
The party changed its name in 1968 to the '''National Socialist White People's Party''' and set up headquarters in [[Arlington, Virginia]]. It is currently operating under the name of '''New Order''' in New Berlin, [[Wisconsin]], where it aims to establish a "Nationalist Socialist community" called ''Nordland''.

== Political spectrum ==
According to its official website, the American Nazi Party has thoroughly [[statist]] and anti-[[fiscal conservatism|fiscally conservative]] views, favoring [[protectionism]], [[big government]] and a strong state intervention in teconomy. The party also condemns financial speculation, capital accumulation and [[individualism]]<ref>[http://www.americannaziparty.com/platform/index.php American Nazi Party Platform]</ref>. Is configured in a non-[[liberal]] [[left-wing]] party, therefore.

The text published on the website says:

:''We demand the creation of an honest, self-sufficient, debt-free economy based solely on the productive capacity of the Aryan worker, which will guarantee conditions of full employment and price stability. We also demand public control of all banking and credit institutions as well as all utilities and all monopolies, confiscation of all conglomerate holdings, cancellation of all usurious debt, comprehensive profit sharing in all basic industries, and the institution of a national program of interest-free loans for families, farmers, and small businessmen.''

::''We believe that the proper function of an economy is to serve the economic needs of the people, not to make profits for big bankers and huge multinational corporations. We must put an end to both economic freeloading and economic exploitation in America. There must be no place for parasites who draw their sustenance from society without giving anything in return. We also believe that HONEST WORK is the only legitimate basis for wealth - not speculation, usury, or money-manipulation - and that a sound economic system must rest, not on debt or some extraneous metal, but on the productivity of the Aryan worker alone. We believe further, that money is properly a medium of exchange and store of value, not a commodity like bread or steel, and that therefore money and credit should not be issued for profit, but to serve the legitimate needs of the people without interest. Finally, we believe that it is unnecessary for any rational society to suffer unemployment when there is work to be done and people who want jobs. We must have an economy based on the long-term interests of the man who works for a living, not the chronic loafer or the man who lives by renting out his capital.''

==Splinter groups==
Since the 1970s, several splinter groups have formed from the party, including:
*the '''[[National White People's Party]]''' led by Charles White in Asheville, [[North Carolina]]
*the '''[[White Party of America]]''' led by Karl Allen in [[Washington, D.C.]]
*the (new) '''American Nazi Party''' led by John Robert Bishop, in Davenport, [[Iowa]]

[[category:United States Political Parties]]
[[category:Socialism]]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

Nazi Party

2016-04-18T23:36:05Z

Renan Jackson:

{{PoliticalParty
| party_name = National Socialist German Workers' Party
| party_logo = Flag of Nazi Germany.png
| website =
| leader = [[Adolf Hitler]]
| Parleader = Anton Drexler
| foundation = 1920
| ideology = [[Far-left]] [[Fascism]] [[National Socialism]] [[Anti-Semitism]]
| position = ''Fiscal'': [[Socialism]] ''Social'': [[Eugenics]]
| international =
| colors = red, black, white and brown
| footnotes =
}}

[[Image:Flag of Nazi Germany.png|thumb|200px|'''The flag of Nazi Germany''' featuring the notorious reverse swastika]]

The '''Nazi Party''' ('''NSDAP''', formally the ''Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei'' or in English ''National Socialist German Workers' Party''<ref> "Nazi" comes from the first word in the party's name, '''Na'''tionalso'''zi'''alistische.
</ref>) was a [[totalitarian]] movement and [[political party]] in [[Germany]] from 1920-1945. It was controlled after 1921 by [[Adolf Hitler]]. In 1933 the Nazis came to national power in Germany and took control of the government and most sectors of Germany's society and economy. The Nazi regime in Germany 1933-45 called itself the '''[[Third Reich]]'''.<ref>The German ''Drittes Reich'' means "Third Empire", after the [[Holy Roman Empire]] of 900-1806 and the [[German Empire]] of 1871-1918.</ref>

The Nazis rearmed Germany, started [[World War II]] in Europe, conquered its neighboring countries, murdered between 5.5 to 6 million Jews and an additional five million non-Jewish victims in the [[Holocaust]] and was finally destroyed by the [[Allies]] (the [[United States]], [[Britain]] and the [[Soviet Union]], along with smaller countries) in 1945. Like Hitler, the Nazis have since become synonymous with evil in the modern world.

Despite being called National Socialist, Hitler condemned the Soviet Union and Communism, and after rising to power, outlawed Germany's Communist Party and imprisoned and executed Communists, as he saw the Communists as a rival to the Nazis for control of the far-Left.<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20080410211317/http://constitutionalistnc.tripod.com/hitler-leftist/ Hitler was a Leftist]</ref> Hitler advocated a form of fascism, and in fact, the National Fascist Party, an Italian political party, lead by Hitler's future ally, Benito Mussolini, at the same time, had similar policies.

==Foundations==

[[Adolf Hitler]] exploited the myth of the "Stab in the Back," the belief that the [[World War I]] had been lost because "disloyal" elements within Germany – [[Jews]] and [[Marxism|Marxists]] – had undermined the war effort. As [[William Shirer]] put it in ''The Rise and Fall of the [[Third Reich]]'',

<blockquote>
"To him, as to almost all Germans, it was 'monstrous' and undeserved. The German army had not been defeated in the field. It had been stabbed in the back by the traitors at home.

Thus emerged for [[Hitler]], as or so many Germans, a fanatical belief in the legend of the 'stab in the back' which, more than anything else, was to undermine the Weimar Republic and pave the way for Hitler’s ultimate triumph."
<ref name=rise>''The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich'', Book One, "The Rise of Adolf Hitler". </ref>
</blockquote>

The origin of the Nazi Party was a small group originally called the "Committee of Independent Workmen", founded by a toolmaker and locksmith named Anton Drexler in 1918. It had been set up in reaction to the [[Marxism]] of the free trade unions.<ref name=rise /> A year later in January 1919, Drexler's group merged with another group, the "Political Workers' Circle" to form a new party known as the "German Workers' Party" (''Deutsche Arbeiterpartei'' or DAP).<ref>Shoah Resource Center, http://www1.yadvashem.org/odot_pdf/Microsoft%20Word%20-%205946.pdf </ref><ref>Germanculture.com, http://www.germanculture.com.ua/library/weekly/aa012400b.htm</ref>

Adolf Hitler joined the DAP in September 1919 and was put in charge of propaganda in early 1920. Hitler transformed this small group into what we now know as the Nazi Party through his great skill in politics and public speaking. In February 1920, the words "National Socialist" were added to the party name and it became the "National Socialist German Workers' Party" (''Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei'' or NSDAP).<ref>McNab, Chris (2009). ''The Third Reich''</ref> This is proof that the Nazis were [[liberal]], despite liberals' claims otherwise. The Storm Troopers (''Sturmabteilung'', [[Brownshirts|SA]]) in their distinctive brown uniforms, were organized first to keep order and kick out hecklers at Nazi meetings, then to break up the meetings of other parties and to protect Nazi Party meetings. The ''hakenkreuz'' (literally: "hooked cross"), or [[swastika]], was adopted as the party’s symbol which was used in their blood red flag. In July 1921, Hitler became party chairman, and declared himself leader (''Führer'') of the party.<ref>McNab, (2009). ''The Third Reich''</ref>

*Here we have the core of Nazism: (i) a very strong dose of German anti-semitism (with a paranoid belief in a conspiracy between Jewish financiers who control the capitalist economy and steal from the Germans, Jewish liberal intellectuals who preach humanism and enfeeble the Germans, and Jewish communists who seek to enslave the Germans; (ii) a belief in the German nation and the "aryan" German race as an entity with a special, heroic destiny; (iii) war as the ultimate test of national strength and worth; and (iv) conquest--with extermination or removal of the resident population--to create more "living space" for the German people and larger fields for the German farmers. Add to this (a) the "leadership principle" (''Führerprinzip'') --a hatred of parliamentary institutions, and a belief that a good political order sees an inspired leader giving people vision and commands (rather than see parliamentarians haggle and compromise on behalf of interest groups)--(b) the use of terror to obtain obedience, and (c) the desire to make sure that all of society's organizations serve the national cause, and you have Nazism. <ref>http://econ161.berkeley.edu/TCEH/Slouch_Alternatives12.html</ref>

==Anti-Semitism==

The Nazis were highly [[Anti-Semitism|anti-Semitic]] and blamed the Jews for many of the problems in Germany, such as the defeat in [[World War I]].
The Nazis passed the [[Nuremberg Laws]] in 1935 which stated that:
* Young German women could not work for Jews in the domestic services.
* Jews were no longer citizens of Germany (this meant that they had no protection from the police and so were susceptible to attack)
* Jewish doctors were not allowed to treat Germans/Aryans
* Jews could not marry Germans/Aryans
They made laws against Jews ("Rassengesetze", ''race laws'') which places successively tighter restrictions on the rights of Jews to own property, use public services, live in some areas, enter public spaces and eventually required Jews to wear a [[Star of David]] on their clothing.
The Jews were mistreated, persecuted, and killed by the Nazis.
The Nazi state also persecuted other political opponents, such as [[Jehovah's Witnesses]]. State-run hospitals secretly euthanized the very old, the sick, mentally ill and the disabled. Some [[homosexuality|homosexuals]]<ref>Hans Peter Bleuel, ''Sex and Society in Nazi Germany'', (Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1973).</ref>came under increasing scrutiny and persecution in the later years of the regime, although other homosexuals were ardent supporters of Adolf Hitler and played an important role in his regime <ref>[http://www.whale.to/b/reisman.html The Pink Swastika as Holocaust Revisionist History by Judith A. Reisman]</ref>.
The Nazis exterminated at least 11 million civilians by rounding them up, transporting them to concentration camps and then murdering them there. About 6 million of these were Jews (see [[Holocaust]]).

==Religion==
Hitler rejected Christianity as spoiled by Judaism, but did support a new pro-Nazi Protestant church that had some followers. The German Army had traditionally used the phrase "Gott mit uns" or "God with us", which was commonly used on their armor and helmets. By World War II it was still used on the army uniform belt-buckles. Hitler in the future, however, planned to minimize the influence of the Christian Protestant churches and Catholic churches, while promoting nationalism and pre-Christian German paganism. Adolf Hitler was raised Roman Catholic as a youth, but he began to despise the church and all of Christianity as too pacifist or a "religion for weaklings".

=== Alfred Rosenberg ===
Dr. Alfred Rosenberg, the party's official philosopher, announced the philosophic basis of the Nazi campaign. In his ''The Myth of the Twentieth Century'' he scorns the Old Testament, and while he takes Jesus more seriously, he concludes,<ref>Time (Sept 03, 1934)</ref>
:The religion of Jesus was undoubtedly the preaching of love . . . but the German religious movement, which wishes to develop into a people's church, must declare that it unconditionally subordinates the ideal of neighborly love to the ideal of national honor . . . The churches, handed over to it again, will, little by little, put the fiery spirit of the hero . . . in place of the crucifixion."

The outspoken [[pagan]] Rosenberg drew up a thirty-point program for the ''National Reich Church'', created in 1936, which contains the following statements,

*"The National Reich Church of Germany categorically claims the exclusive right and the exclusive power to control all churches within the borders of the Reich: it declares these to be national churches of the German Reich.
*"The National Church is determined to exterminate irrevocably...the strange and foreign Christian faiths imported into Germany in the ill-omened year 800...
*"The National Church has no scribes, pastors, chaplains or priests, but National Reich orators are to speak in them.
*"The National Church demands immediate cessation of the publishing and dissemination of the Bible in Germany...'"
*"On the altars there must be nothing but 'Mein Kampf' (to the German nation and therefore to God the most sacred book) and to the left of the altar a sword.
*"On the day of its foundation, the Christian Cross must be removed from all churches, cathedrals and chapels...and it must be superseded by the only unconquerable symbol, the swastika."<ref>Shirer, ''The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich'', p. 240</ref>

When a Manchester Guardian correspondent attended a Berlin meeting of the German People's Church, he found it a noisy, enthusiastic, a theological free-for-all. One Dr. Krause exclaimed, "The lives and utterances of great Germans must be considered equal to the Bible as revelations..."

=== Pagan cults ===
Throughout Germany strange little [[pagan]] cults were seen to arise, such as the pantheistic Nordic Religious Community.

Youth Leader Hartmann-Lautenbacher stated, "Besides the rock of Jesus Christ there is another: Adolf Hitler. It remains to be seen which of the two is stronger. On the one sit the old women. On the other stands the young generation."

Youth Press Agent August Hoppe exhorted war against Christianity, and a return to [[pagan]] roots.

Similar to what some see today in the West, Youth Leader Joachim Benedicte stated, "...The religious faith of the German people must be decided by political elements, the Storm Troops and the Hitler Youth."<ref>Religion: Nazis v. Jesus Christ, Time. 9-03-1934</ref>

As in Communism, the State, or ''Fatherland'' came to be deified, in the name of which Hitler justified his autocratic decision to kill - for political purposes - a large number of S.A. leaders while they were at a resort, during the "[[Night of the Long Knives]]" (June 30 to July 2, 1934).

Rather than initially attacking Christian faith outright, the Nazi Party deceitfully promoted itself as "positive Christianity," and vigorously opposed what they call "negative Christianity", both terms being Nazi inventions which could mean whatever the local Nazi leader chooses them to mean. In their Manifesto of their "anxieties and fears", the German Evangelical Church quoted Rosenberg as saying, "The general ideas of the Roman and of the Protestant churches are negative Christianity and do not, therefore, accord with our soul." The Manifesto concludes: "When, within the compass of the Nazi view of life, an anti-Semitism is forced on the Christian that binds him to hatred of the Jew, the Christian injunction to love one's neighbor still stands...The Evangelical conscience is most heavily burdened by the fact that there are still concentration camps in Germany that describes itself as a country in which Justice is administered..."<ref>Time magazine, Aug. 10, 1936, Foreign News: Churchmen to Hitler</ref>

=== Religious persecution ===
Overall however, the spiritual condition of Germany may be seen to have been weak by and during the time of Hitler's rise to power. Protestant churches in Germany had become largely institutionalized, and its power to effect political change decreased. The Catholic Institution had been pressured into a concordant with Hitler, which the latter continually broke. Loyalties were torn as [[National Socialism]] became the cause, and churches were pressured to submit to its ethos.<ref>''A history of national socialism, Cross against Swastika'', by Konrad Heiden</ref><ref>''Pius XII and the Nazis'', by Darlene Shelton</ref>Jews were overall seen negatively, stubborn and ungrateful.<ref>''Martin Luther and "The Jews" A Reappraisal'', by Dr. Christopher Probst</ref> After their rise to power the Nazis sought to purge the national German Evangelical Church of converted Jews, as well to make the church ideologically submissive to the state. By entertaining the Nazi doctrine of Aryan racial superiority and persecution of Jews, they militated against the authoritative position of the Scriptures. Largely in reaction to such the [[Confessing Church]] emerged. This Protestant church was not recognized by the Nazis, and was persecuted and finally forced underground, as many members and leaders, such as [[Martin Niemöller]], were particularly active in protesting against euthanasia and the persecution of the Jews.<ref>The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2008; Confessing Church</ref><ref>Encyclopædia Britannica, 2009, Confessing Church</ref>

Measures taken against the Christian Churches were an integral part of National Socialism. An [[OSS]] report to the [[Nuremberg War Crimes Tribunal]] Stated,
:"The Nazi conspirators, by promoting beliefs and practices incompatible with Christian teaching, sought to subvert the influence of the Churches over the people and in particular over the youth of Germany. They avowed their aim to eliminate the Christian Churches in Germany and sought to substitute therefore Nazi institutions and Nazi beliefs and pursued a programme of persecution of priests, clergy and members of monastic orders whom they deemed opposed to their purposes and confiscated Church property."<ref>Claire Hulme & Dr. Michael Salter, [http://www-camlaw.rutgers.edu/publications/law-religion/articles/RJLR_3_1_2.pdf ''The Nazi's Persecution as a War Crime: The OSS Response Within the Nuremeberg Trial's Process''], Rutgers Journal of Law and Religion, n.d.</ref>

Though Christians sometime hold Hitler to be an atheist, and atheists often assert he was a Christian, the best evidence shows him to be neither, in particular failing to be the latter, especially in the Biblical sense of the word (being both the source and most authoritative definition of it). In contrast, evidence reveals that while Hitler shared with many atheists a dramatically skewed idea of what Christianity is, and/or made political use of the term, he was quite the contrary to being a Christian.<ref>[http://www.amazon.com/Hitler-Holocaust-Bible-Scriptural-Anti-Semitism/dp/0982277601 Hitler, the Holocaust, and the Bible: A Scriptural Analysis..., by Joe Keysor]</ref>

The resource site Adherents.com states,

There is no question that Hitler was a Nazi. Nazism was clearly his most important religious affiliation, not in the positive way the word "religion" is often defined, but in the general sense that any philosophy or belief system which is most important in a person’s life is that person’s "religion," regardless of whether or not it is universally labelled as a "religion." Hitler was also born into a Catholic family, but he rejected Catholicism and in most ways he rejected Christianity in general. On occasion we have read people claim that "Hitler was a Catholic" or "Hitler was a Christian" in a meaningful way, implying that Christianity or Catholicism was the primary impetus for his Nazi reign. Such claims are simply vitriolic attacks occasionally voiced by ideologically-inclined anti-Christian, anti-Semitic or pro-Nazi people. Historians agree that Hitler was pointedly anti-Christian. We are not aware of any published sources from acknowledged academic historians or writers that identify Adolf Hitler as significantly Catholic or Christian in his motivations as an adult.”<ref>http://www.adherents.com/people/ph/Adolf_Hitler.html</ref>

=== Hossbach Memorandum ===
In the Hossbach Memorandum, Hitler blamed Christianity for the fall of Rome (rather than such being a judgment due to its degradation, and persecution of Christians and its message), stating: "It was only the disintegrating effect of Christianity, and the symptoms of age which appear in every country, which caused ancient Rome to succumb to the onslaught of the Germans." <ref>[http://avalon.law.yale.edu/imt/hossbach.asp]</ref>

Additionally, Albert Speer records that Hitler lamented, "You see, it’s been our misfortune to have the wrong religion." and that Islam would have more compatible for them than Christianity.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=XLSa_RIDHMUC&dq=Albert+Speer,+Inside+the+Third+Reich,&printsec=frontcover&source=bn&hl=en&ei=551HSrzDDcm0twf6x7TbBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5 Inside the Third Reich, p. 96]</ref>

In another statement attributed to Hitler, he predicts, "I’m going to become a religious figure. Soon I’ll be the great chief of the Tartars. Already Arabs and Moroccans are mingling my name with their prayers."<ref>Adolf Hitler, cited in Waite, Robert, Adolf Hitler: The Psychopathic God (NY: Basic Books, 1977) p. 261) (Lutzer, pp. 62-63.)</ref>[http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/news/2132855/posts?page=101#101]

=== Hitler's Table Talk ===
Clear but disputable evidence reveals Hitler as promoting a form of paganism, which the Nazi Party clearly sought to promote. ''Hitler's Table Talk'' is a series of informal, private conversations among Hitler and his closest associates, as recorded by [[Martin Bormann]] (himself one who was vehemently against Christianity). The ''ex tempore'' remarks excerpted below are attributed to Hitler:<ref>Adolf Hitler, London, Weidenfeld & Nicholson, 1953</ref>

Night of 11th-12th July, 1941

*"[[National Socialism]] and religion cannot exist together....

"The heaviest blow that ever struck humanity was the coming of Christianity. Bolshevism is Christianity's illegitimate child. Both are inventions of the Jew. The deliberate lie in the matter of religion was introduced into the world by Christianity....

*"Let it not be said that Christianity brought man the life of the soul, for that evolution was in the natural order of things." (p 6 & 7)

10th October, 1941, midday

*"Christianity is a rebellion against natural law, a protest against nature. Taken to its logical extreme, Christianity would mean the systematic cultivation of the human failure." (p 43)

14th October, 1941, midday

*"The best thing is to let Christianity die a natural death.... When understanding of the universe has become widespread... Christian doctrine will be convicted of absurdity....
"Christianity has reached the peak of absurdity.... And that's why someday its structure will collapse....

*"...the only way to get rid of Christianity is to allow it to die little by little....
"Christianity <is> the liar...

*"We'll see to it that the Churches cannot spread abroad teachings in conflict with the interests of the State." (p 49-52)

19th October, 1941, night

*"The reason why the ancient world was so pure, light and serene was that it knew nothing of the two great scourges: the pox and Christianity."

21st October, 1941, midday

*"Originally, Christianity was merely an incarnation of Bolshevism, the destroyer....

*"The decisive falsification of Jesus' [who he asserts many times was never a Jew] doctrine was the work of St.Paul. He gave himself to this work... for the purposes of personal exploitation....

*"When all is said, we have no reason to wish that the Italians and Spaniards should free themselves from the drug of Christianity. Let's be the only people who are immunized against the disease." (p 118-119)

14th December, 1941, midday

*"Kerrl, with noblest of intentions, wanted to attempt a synthesis between National Socialism and Christianity. I don't believe the thing's possible, and I see the obstacle in Christianity itself....

*"Pure Christianity-- the Christianity of the catacombs-- is concerned with translating Christian doctrine into facts. It leads quite simply to the annihilation of mankind. It is merely whole-hearted Bolshevism, under a tinsel of metaphysics." (p 119 & 120)

9th April, 1942, dinner

*"There is something very unhealthy about Christianity." (p 339)

27th February, 1942, midday

*"Our epoch in the next 200 years will certainly see the end of the disease of Christianity.... My regret will have been that I couldn't... behold <its demise>." (p 278)

Miscellaneous other quotes include,

*"So it's not opportune to hurl ourselves now into a struggle with the churches. The best thing is to let Christianity die a natural death. A slow death has something comforting about it."

*"Christianity, of course, has reached the peak of absurdity in this respect. And that's why one day its structure will collapse. Science has already impregnated humanity. Consequently, the more Christianity clings to its dogmas, the quicker it will decline."

*"We'll see to it that the churches cannot spread abroad teachings in conflict with the interests of the State. We shall continue to preach the doctrine of National Socialism, and the young will no longer be taught anything but the truth."

*"Indeed, it's most important that the higher belief should be well established in them before the lower belief has been removed. We must finally achieve this."

*"We do not want to educate anyone in atheism."

*"The observatory I'll have built at Linz, on the Pöstlingberg, I can see it in my mind ... In future, thousands of excursionists will make a pilgrimage there every Sunday. They'll thus have access to the greatness of our universe. The pediment will bear this motto: 'The heavens proclaim the glory of the everlasting.' It will be our way of giving men a religious spirit, of teaching them humility — but without the priests."

*"The final state must be: in St. Peter's Chair, a senile officiant; facing him, a few sinister old women, as gaga and as poor in spirit as anyone could wish."

*"For my part, in his place [the Duce] I'd have taken the path of revolution. I'd have entered the Vatican and thrown everybody out — reserving the right to apologize later: 'Excuse me, it was a mistake!' But the result would have been, they'd have been outside!"
[[Image:Nazi.jpg|thumb|right|250px|"With our flags is our victory"]]
*"But a pope, even a criminal one, who protects great artists and spreads beauty around him, is nevertheless more sympathetic to me than the protestant minister who drinks from the poisoned spring."

*"I have six Divisions of SS composed of men absolutely indifferent in matters of religion. It doesn't prevent them from going to their deaths with serenity in their souls."

*"The soul and the mind migrate, just as the body returns to nature. Thus life is eternally reborn from life. As for the 'why' of all that, I feel no need to rack my brains on the subject. The soul is unplumbable."<ref>Hitler on Religion: http://library.flawlesslogic.com/religion.htm</ref>

Hitler, much like atheists, is seen to not only have scorned corruptions of Christian faith, but the whole faith as well. Having loosed himself from the moral authority of the Bible (though misappropriating it's "badge" at times for his own purposes) he was much free to be guided by his own "golden compass", which is ultimately the atheistic basis for determining morality. Tragically however, while an innate sense of right can be right, Hitler's compass pointed south rather than north.

==Economic planning==
[[James Burnham]], a former [[Trotskyite]] who served with the [[Office of Strategic Services]] (OSS) during the World War II and later contributed to the ''[[National Review]]'', described the Nazi regime's [[economic planning]]. Burnham pointed out how the original "workers revolution" of [[Marxism]] had in fact become a managerial revolution in all societies were Socialism had been embraced. Writing in 1940, Burnham noted,

{{Cquote|Outright state ownership and operation, advancing in all fields, are particularly ascendant in the extensive areas of new enterprise opened up during the Nazi rule....virtually all economic enterprise is subject to rigid state control; and it is control which we have seen to be decisive in relation to the instruments of production. Legal forms, even income privileges, are in the end subordinate to ''de facto'' control.

Even where private owners still exist in Germany, the decisions about "their" property are not in their hands. They do not decide what to make or not to make. They do not establish prices or bargain about wages. They are not at liberty to buy the raw materials they might choose nor to seek the most profitable markets. They cannot, as a rule, decide how to invest or not invest their surplus funds. In short, they are no longer owners, no longer effective [[capitalist]]s...

The regulation of production in Germany is no longer left to the market. What is to be produced, and how much, is decided, deliberately, by groups of men, by the state boards and bureaus and commissions. It is they that decide whether a new plant shall be built or an old plant retired, how raw materials shall be allotted and orders distributed, what quotas must be fulfilled by various branches of industry, what goods shall be put aside for export, how prices shall be fixed and credit and exchange extended. There is no requirement that these decisions of the bureaus must be based on any profit aim in the capitalist sense. If it is thought expedient, for whatever reason, to produce, for example, an ersatz rubber or wool or food, this will be done even if the production entails, from a capitalist point of view, a heavy loss. Similarly, in order to accumulate foreign exchange or to stimulate some political effect in a foreign nation, goods will be exported regardless of loss. A factory may be compelled to shut down, even though it could operate at a high profit. Banks and individuals are forced to invest their funds with no reference to the private and voluntary opinions about "risks" from a profit standpoint. It is literally true to say that the Nazi economy, already, is not a "profit economy."

The workers, on their side, are no longer the "free proletarians" of capitalism. Under Nazism the workers are indeed, free from unemployment. At the same time they cannot, as individuals or through their own independent organizations, bargain for wages or change jobs at will. They are assigned to their tasks, and their labor conditions are fixed, by the decisions of the state bureaus and commissions. Millions of them are allotted to the vast state enterprises. ...With the reduction in the area of private enterprise and the increase of state enterprise, goes also a corresponding reduction in the social position of the private capitalists. So far as control over the instruments of production goes, the capitalists are already near the bottom. As to income privilege: a recent estimate by a New York statistician gives as a mere 5% the share of the German national income going to profits and interest. This is a substantial reduction from the 1933 figures, in spite of a huge increase in the total national income, which, under capitalism, would normally be accompanied by a percentage increase in profits. ...f the German capitalists' 5%, the greater part is appropriated by the state as taxes and "contributions." ...

...how seldom we find a manager among the voluntary or forced exiles from Nazi Germany! There are artists and writers among the exiles, ideologists and politicians, unassailable foes of the new regime, storekeepers and professionals and teachers, and not a few capitalists, both Jews and Christians. But almost never a manager....Germany is to-day a managerial state in an early stage. Structurally, it is less advanced along managerial lines than Russia; ...though structurally less advanced...Its industrial and technological foundation is far stronger; the rising managerial class is much larger, better trained, more able...

...The first part of the second world war, up to the fall of France in June, 1940, was in reality the continuation of the strategic extension begun in 1935. This phase, the consolidation of the European base, was completed with France's surrender. It is completed irreversibly and can no longer be undone whatever the outcome of the succeeding phases of the war, which are really other wars. This consolidation fundamental to the world politics of managerial society, is not going to be dissolved, not even if the present German regime is utterly defeated. The day of a Europe carved into a score of sovereign states is over; if the states remain, they will be little more than administrative units in a larger collectivity. <ref>Burnham, James (1966). ''The Managerial Revolution'', Indiana University Press, Bloomingham, pp. 222-226, 232.</ref>}}

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==See also==
*[[Anti-Semitism]]
*[[National Socialism]]
*[[Nazi Germany and homosexuality]]
*[[Communism]]
*[[Health care in Nazi Germany]]

==External links==
*[http://econ161.berkeley.edu/TCEH/Slouch_Alternatives12.html Marxism, Fascism, Nazism] - Brad DeLong, Associate Professor of Economics, University of California at Berkeley
*Hitler, the Holocaust, and the Bible: A Scriptural Analysis of Anti-Semitism, National Socialism, and the Churches in Nazi Germany, by Joe Keysor
{{Liberalism}}
[[Category:World War II]]
[[Category:German History]]
[[Category:Holocaust]]
[[Category:Political Parties]]
[[Category:Fascist States]]
[[Category:Nazis]]
[[Category:Anti-Christianity]]
[[Category:Anti-Semitism]]
[[Category:Racist Organizations]]
[[Category:Oppression]]
[[Category:Liberalism]]
[[Category:Police State]]
[[Category:Anti Second Amendment]]

American Nazi Party

2016-04-18T23:32:32Z

Renan Jackson:

[[Image:George Lincoln Rockwell.jpg|right|thumb|300px|George Lincoln Rockwell, founder of the American Nazi Party]]
The [[American Nazi Party]] was founded in the [[United States]] by [[George Lincoln Rockwell]] in 1958. [[Homosexual]]s made up a "significant" part of its membership.<ref>http://www.splcenter.org/get-informed/intelligence-report/browse-all-issues/2000/fall/the-fringe-of-the-fringe</ref> They pledged allegiance to the ideals of [[Nazi]] [[Germany]] and the late [[Adolf Hitler]]. Rockwell was assassinated by one of his members, John Patler, in 1967 over an internal party dispute, and was replaced by Matthias Koehl, who had previously been a founder of the [[National States Rights Party]] in 1958. Koehl had two deputies, his "national officers", Robert Lloyd and [[William Pierce]]. The party denials the [[Holocaust]].

==Changes of name==
The party changed its name in 1968 to the '''National Socialist White People's Party''' and set up headquarters in [[Arlington, Virginia]]. It is currently operating under the name of '''New Order''' in New Berlin, [[Wisconsin]], where it aims to establish a "Nationalist Socialist community" called ''Nordland''.

== Political spectrum ==
According to its official website, the American Nazi Party has thoroughly [[statist]] and anti-[[fiscal conservatism|fiscally conservative]] views, favoring [[protectionism]], [[big government]] and a strong state intervention in teconomy. The party also condemns financial speculation, capital accumulation and [[individualism]]<ref>[http://www.americannaziparty.com/platform/index.php American Nazi Party Platform]</ref>. Is configured in a non-[[liberal]] [[left-wing]] party, therefore.

The text published on the website says:

:''We demand the creation of an honest, self-sufficient, debt-free economy based solely on the productive capacity of the Aryan worker, which will guarantee conditions of full employment and price stability. We also demand public control of all banking and credit institutions as well as all utilities and all monopolies, confiscation of all conglomerate holdings, cancellation of all usurious debt, comprehensive profit sharing in all basic industries, and the institution of a national program of interest-free loans for families, farmers, and small businessmen.''

::''We believe that the proper function of an economy is to serve the economic needs of the people, not to make profits for big bankers and huge multinational corporations. We must put an end to both economic freeloading and economic exploitation in America. There must be no place for parasites who draw their sustenance from society without giving anything in return. We also believe that HONEST WORK is the only legitimate basis for wealth - not speculation, usury, or money-manipulation - and that a sound economic system must rest, not on debt or some extraneous metal, but on the productivity of the Aryan worker alone. We believe further, that money is properly a medium of exchange and store of value, not a commodity like bread or steel, and that therefore money and credit should not be issued for profit, but to serve the legitimate needs of the people without interest. Finally, we believe that it is unnecessary for any rational society to suffer unemployment when there is work to be done and people who want jobs. We must have an economy based on the long-term interests of the man who works for a living, not the chronic loafer or the man who lives by renting out his capital.''

==Splinter groups==
Since the 1970s, several splinter groups have formed from the party, including:
*the '''[[National White People's Party]]''' led by Charles White in Asheville, [[North Carolina]]
*the '''[[White Party of America]]''' led by Karl Allen in [[Washington, D.C.]]
*the (new) '''American Nazi Party''' led by John Robert Bishop, in Davenport, [[Iowa]]

[[category:United States Political Parties]]
[[category:Socialism]]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

Lincoln Chafee

2016-04-18T22:59:57Z

Renan Jackson:

{{outdated |2015}}
{{Officeholder
|name=Lincoln Chafee
|image=Lincoln_Chafee.jpg
|party=[[Democratic Party|Democrat]]<ref>http://www.politico.com/story/2013/05/lincoln-chafee-to-switch-parties-sources-say-91994.html</ref> (formerly [[Republican]] (until 2007) and Independent (2007-2013))
|spouse=Stephanie Chafee
|religion=[[Episcopalian]]
|offices=
{{Officeholder/governor
|state=Rhode Island
|terms=January 4, 2011 – Present
|preceded=Donald Carcieri
|former=n
}}
{{Officeholder/senator
|state=Rhode Island
|terms=November 2, 1999 – January 4, 2007
|preceded=[[John Chafee]]
|former=n
|succeeded=[[Sheldon Whitehouse]]
}}
}}

'''Lincoln Davenport Chafee''' (born March 26, 1953) is the current Governor of Rhode Island and was a [[liberal]] [[RINO]] Senator from the state of [[Rhode Island]] (1999-2007). Chafee was appointed to the United States Senate in 1999 upon the death of his father, Senator John Chafee, and was elected to a full six-year term in 2000. Although he was a member of the [[Republican Party]], Chafee switched his political affiliation to Independent after losing his Senate seat and in 2013 became a Democrat. After winning a fierce Republican primary battle against conservative Mayor, [[Steven Laffey]], Chafee lost his re-election bid in 2006 to [[Democrat]], [[Sheldon Whitehouse]] by nine percentage points. Chafee began serving as a visiting fellow at [[Brown University]]’s Watson Institute for International Studies in January 2007.<ref>http://www.brown.edu/Administration/News_Bureau/2006-07/06-068.html</ref>

On June 3, 2015, Chafee announced his candidacy for the Democratic nomination in the [[2016 presidential election]].<ref>http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2015/06/03/former-ri-gov-lincoln-chafee-one-time-republican-declares-candidacy-for/</ref>

==Political views==
Before his defeat in his race to keep his senate seat, Chafee had a very liberal voting record and fell in line with the Democratic Party position on very many issues. Chafee strongly supports [[abortion]]. In May 2005, Chafee's senatorial reelection bid was endorsed by the traditionally Democratic-supporting NARAL Pro-Choice America.

In 2003 he was one of only three Republican Senators to oppose the Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act. He was also the only Republican Senator to vote against President [[George W. Bush]]'s Supreme Court nominee [[Samuel Alito]]. While in the Senate, Chafee was the only Republican senator to have expressed support for [[same sex "marriage"]]. When asked if he would support giving the death penalty to al Qaeda leader Osama Bin Laden, his response was, "Rhode Island executed an innocent man, in the 18th century, and I'm against the death penalty." He has a record of being a tax and spend liberal. Chafee opposes eliminating the death tax and voted against both the tax cut bills of 2001 and 2003.

He was also the only Republican in the Senate to have voted against authorization of the use of force in Iraq. In the 2004 Presidential Election, he wrote-in former President [[George H.W. Bush]] instead of voting for the Republican candidate [[George W. Bush]], and in 2008 endorsed Democrat candidate [[Barack Obama]]. There are some issues where Chafee is considered to be more [[conservative]]. He has expressed support for privatizing [[social security]] and has repeadetly voted for the U.S. [[Patriot act]]. Chafee is also a supporter of [[free trade]].

==Governor==
His first step as governor was to repeal immigration enforcement laws in Rhode Island. <ref>[http://www.judicialwatch.org/blog/2011/jan/gov-kills-immigration-laws-name-economic-growth Gov. Kills Immigration Laws In Name Of Economic Growth, Judicial Watch, January 7, 2011]</ref>

==External links==
*[http://www.usnews.com/usnews/news/articles/060616/16chafee.htm 15 Facts about Lincoln Chafee by U.S. News & World Report]
*[http://www.vis.org/candlist/Candidates.aspx?pid=395 2006 Rhode Island Senate Candidate List from VIS]
*[http://www.chafee2016.com Lincoln Chafee 2016 campaign website]

==References==
<references/>

{{Liberalism}}

{{DEFAULTSORT: Chafee, Lincoln Davenport}}

[[Category:Former United States Senators]]
[[Category:Liberals]]
[[Category:2010 Midterm Elections]]
[[Category:Rhode Island Governors]]
[[Category:Democratic Governors]]
[[Category:Homosexual Agenda]]
[[category:2016 Presidential Candidates]]

David Duke

2016-04-16T18:23:30Z

Renan Jackson:

{{Officeholder
|name = David Duke
|image = 76r7uy.jpg
|party = Independent (former [[Democrat]] (1975-1987), [[Populist Party#1990s|Populist]] (1988), [[Republican]] (1989-1999) and [[Reform Party|Reform]] (1999-2001))
|spouse = Chloê Eleanor Hardin (m. 1974–1984)
|religion = "[[Christian]]"
|offices =
{{Officeholder/representative
|state = Louisiana
|district =81st
|terms = February 18, 1989 – January 13, 1992
|preceded = Charles Cusimano
|succeeded = David Vitter
}}
}}

'''David Ernest Duke''' (born July 1, 1950 in [[Tulsa]], [[Oklahoma]]) is a former member of the [[Louisiana]] House of Representatives, whose service extended from 1989 to 1992. Duke has run for office as a [[Democrat]], as a [[Republican]], and as the 1988 presidential candidate of the [[Populist Party]]. He is a former Grand Wizard of the [[Ku Klux Klan]]. <ref>[http://www.adl.org/poisoning_web/duke.asp David Duke: White Revolution on the Internet].</ref>

== Life ==
Duke ran unsuccessfully for the U.S. Senate in the nonpartisan blanket primary in 1990 against the incumbent Democrat [[J. Bennett Johnston, Jr.]] of [[Shreveport]]. In 1991, he lost the governor's race to Democrat [[Edwin Edwards]], who easily secured his fourth nonconsecutive term in the position. In that contest, Edward supporters used posters saying, "Vote for the Crook. It's Important."

Duke participated in the "International Conference to Review the Global Vision of the Holocaust" in 2006 held in Iran.

== Political Positions and Views ==
Duke was vehement critic of U.S. President [[George W. Bush]]'s decision in 2003 to invade [[Iraq]]. He has also spoken against the [[Republican National Committee]], which opposed him in his own electoral contests.<ref>http://vodpod.com/watch/1331269-video-david-duke-dumps-on-rnc</ref> [[Evolutionary racism]] is a major component of David Duke's [[racism]]. <ref>[http://creation.com/darwinisms-influence-on-modern-racists-and-white-supremacist-groups-the-case-of-david-duke Darwinism’s influence on modern racists and white supremacist groups: the case of David Duke]</ref>

On the [[War in Iraq]], Duke stated,

:[[Cindy Sheehan]] is absolutely right. Her son signed up in the military to defend America, not Israel...In advancing this war for Israel, government and media advocates obviously couldn’t get Americans behind the war by saying it was a war for Israel. They had to make up bogus reasons for the war, such as saying that Iraq was an imminent threat to America and that Saddam had [[weapons of mass destruction]]. <ref>[http://www.davidduke.com/index.php?p=350 Why Cindy Sheehan is Right!], David Duke, 8/14/2005. </ref>

==References==
<references/>

==External Links==
*[http://www.davidduke.com/ David Duke's Official Website]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Duke, David}}

[[Category:Political Figures]]
[[Category:Anti-war Movements]]
[[Category:Democrats]]
[[Category:Republicans]]
[[Category:Louisiana People]]
[[Category:RINOs]]
[[Category:Liberals]]
[[Category:Evolutionary Racists]]

Party of the Reconstruction of the National Order

2016-04-16T14:14:18Z

Renan Jackson:

{{PoliticalParty
| party_name = Party of the Reconstruction of the National Order
| party_logo =
| website =
| leader = [[Enéas Carneiro]]
| Parleader =
| foundation = October 30, 1990
| ideology = [[Neoconservatism]] [[Nationalism]]<ref name="prona"> Power, Timothy J. (2000), The Political Right in Postauthoritarian Brazil: Elites, Institutions, and Democratization, Pennsylvania State University Press, p. 95</ref>
| position = ''Fiscal'': [[Protectionism]] ''Social'': [[Conservative]]
| international =
| colors = green and yellow
| footnotes =
}}

The '''Party of the Reconstruction of the National Order''' (in portuguese: ''Partido da Reedificação da Ordem Nacional'', '''PRONA''') was a [[Brazilian]] [[nationalist]]<ref name="prona"> Power, Timothy J. (2000), The Political Right in Postauthoritarian Brazil: Elites, Institutions, and Democratization, Pennsylvania State University Press, p. 95</ref> [[political party]]. Was founded (and chaired) by the doctor and congressman [[Enéas Carneiro]]. Their party advertisements have become distinct and famous for the speed with which they were conveyed in Election Time Free (given the short time available to it the party) as well as the behavior "impetuous" of their candidates (such as Enéas himself) and the use of [[Beethoven's Fifth Symphony]] as soundtrack.

The party was officially favorable to [[patriotism]], considered ultranationalist by his critics, proclaiming itself independent of current traditional policies. His followers, however, considered it [[patriotic]] or [[nationalistic]] simply, not extremely statist, as in the [[fascist]] model. The party is well known for his positions on controversial issues, such as the defense of [[nuclear research]], not for [[military]] purposes (which would lead to the break with a number of international peaceful settlements), but with strategic and diplomatic goals.

Record federal deputy votes, having obtained more than 1.5 million votes in [[2002]] by the state of [[São Paulo]], the cardiologist [[Enéas Carneiro]] became famous for his blunt way of expression and loudly, in rough and eccentric appearance and by his staff ''"My name is Enéas! 56!"'' in the [[Brazil]]ian [[television]] campaign time. Enéas was a candidate for the presidency of [[Brazil]] in [[1989]], [[1994]] and [[1998]]. To circumvent the restrictions imposed by the barrier of election law clause, which begin to take effect from the 2007 legislature of thethe National Congress, the party merged on 24 October 2006, with the [[Liberal Party (Brazil)|Liberal Party]], creating the [[Party of the Republic]]<ref>[http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/brasil/ult96u85879.shtml Prona and PL unite and create the Party of the Republic]</ref>.

== Political spectrum ==
The party is regarded by [[liberal]] sectors as a [[far-right]] party. However, the status of the party and various statements of its President [[Enéas Carneiro]] show that the party was [[social conservatism|conservative in the social sectors]], but an opponent of [[fiscal conservatism]] and [[socialism]]. The only flag raised by the party was [[nationalism]]. The extinct party is classified as [[moderate|centrist]] by the [[Brazil]]ian sectors of the [[New Right]].

== References ==
<references>
</references>

== See also ==
*[[Party of the Republic]]
*[[Nationalism]]

{{brazilian political parties}}

[[Category:Conservative Political Parties]]
[[Category:Neoconservative]]

National Renewal Alliance

2016-04-16T14:13:46Z

Renan Jackson:

{{PoliticalParty
| party_name = National Renewal Alliance
| party_logo =
| website =
| leader = (1964–1967) [[Humberto de Alencar Castelo Branco]] (1967–1969) [[Artur da Costa e Silva]] (1969–1974) [[Emílio Garrastazu Médici]] (1974–1979) [[Ernesto Geisel]]
| Parleader =
| foundation = April 4th, 1966
| ideology = [[Neoconservatism]] [[Militarism]] [[Anti-communism]] [[Authoritarianism]]
| position = ''Fiscal'': [[Protectionism]] (major) [[Free market]] ([[Liberal Front Party|Liberal Front]]) ''Social'': [[Conservative]]
| international =
| colors = green and yellow
| footnotes =
}}

The '''National Renewal Alliance''' (in portuguese: ''Aliança Renovadora Nacional'', '''ARENA''') was a [[political party]] of [[neo-conservative]] orientation that existed during the [[two-party]] system of the [[Brazilian military regime]]. On 27 October 1965, President [[Humberto de Alencar Castelo Branco]] created the Institutional Act Number 2, which extinguished the [[multi-party]] system and reduced the Brazilian political to two parties<ref name="2party">Schilling, Voltaire. [http://educaterra.terra.com.br/voltaire/brasil/2003/08/18/001.htm The bipartisanship during the military regime], Terra - Visited on 25/09/2010.</ref>, one to give support to the current government (ARENA) and the other to house the [[opposition]] ([[Brazilian Democratic Movement]], current PMDB)<ref name="2party">Schilling, Voltaire. [http://educaterra.terra.com.br/voltaire/brasil/2003/08/18/001.htm The bipartisanship during the military regime], Terra - Visited on 25/09/2010.</ref>.

With the return of [[multi-party]] system<ref>[http://legis.senado.gov.br/legislacao/ListaPublicacoes.action?id=125767 Law No. 6.767, of December 20, 1979]</ref>, the ARENA changed its name to [[Social Democratic Party]] (PDS)<ref>Digital almanac of Folha de S. Paulo</ref>, during the rule of the last President of the regime, [[João Figueiredo]]. It was also created within the party, the [[Liberal Front Party|Liberal Front]], a wing which claimed [[limited government]] and [[economic freedom]]. After Figueiredo government, the wing became the [[Liberal Front Party]], current [[Democrats (Brazil)|Democrats]]<ref>Almanaque Abril - 1987. 13th edition. São Paulo, April, 1987</ref>.

In 1993, the PDS merged with the [[Christian Democratic Party]] (PDC) to form the [[Progressive Party (Brazil)|Progressive Reform Party]] (PPR). In the same year, in a merger of other smaller labels, the [[Progressive Party]] was created. In 1995, PPR merged the PP and created the [[Brazilian Progressive Party]], which supported the [[libertarian]] reforms proposed by the then [[social democracy|Social Democrat]] President [[Fernando Henrique Cardoso]].

After the end of the Cardoso administration, the party changed its name to [[Progressive Party (Brazil)|Progressive Party]], a name that remains to this day.

== References ==
<references>
</references>

{{DEFAULTSORT:Alliance, National Renewal}}

== See also ==
*[[Progressive Party (Brazil)]]
*[[Brazilian Democratic Movement]]
*[[Brazilian military regime]]
*[[Liberal Front Party]]

{{brazilian political parties}}

[[Category:Conservatism]]
[[Category:Conservative Political Parties]]
[[Category:Neoconservative]]

Social Christian Party

2016-04-16T14:13:21Z

Renan Jackson:

{{PoliticalParty
| party_name = Social Christian Party
| party_logo =
| website = [http://www.psc.org.br/ psc.org.br]
| leader = Everaldo Pereira
| Parleader =
| foundation = March 23, 1990
| ideology = [[Christian]]
| position = ''Fiscal'': [[Free market]]<ref name=everaldo>[http://exame.abril.com.br/brasil/noticias/candidato-pastor-everaldo-defende-livre-mercado Candidate Pastor Everaldo defends free market], EXAME - 8/28/2014</ref> ''Social'': [[Conservative]]
| international =
| colors = green and white
| footnotes =
}}

The '''Social Christian Party''' (in portuguese: ''Partido Social Cristão'', '''PSC''') is a [[brazil]]ian [[Christian]] political party with [[conservative]]<ref>[http://www.brasil247.com/pt/247/poder/137353/Pastor-Everaldo-se-oferece-como-op%C3%A7%C3%A3o-dos-conservadores.htm Pastor Everaldo is offered as an option for conservatives], Brazil247 - 4/21/2014</ref> social views since its foundation, and since 2014 has adopted a pro-[[free market]] vision<ref name=everaldo>[http://exame.abril.com.br/brasil/noticias/candidato-pastor-everaldo-defende-livre-mercado Candidate Pastor Everaldo defends free market], EXAME - 8/28/2014</ref>. This began to be noticed in the campaigns and presidential debates, where the candidate Everaldo Pereira advocated [[economic liberalism]] and [[free enterprise]]<ref name=everaldo>[http://exame.abril.com.br/brasil/noticias/candidato-pastor-everaldo-defende-livre-mercado Candidate Pastor Everaldo defends free market], EXAME - 8/28/2014</ref>, contrary to the traditional [[anti-capitalist]] vision of brazilian politics, one of the most corrupt in the world<ref>[http://veja.abril.com.br/blog/reinaldo/geral/por-que-o-brasil-e-um-dos-paises-mais-corruptos-do-mundo/ Why Brazil is one of the most corrupt countries in the world?], [[Veja (Magazine)|VEJA]] - 4/6/2012</ref>.

As the [[Brazilian Republican Party]], the party had previously [[socialism|interventionist economic]] views despite [[conservative]] social views, including supporting [[Lula]] and [[Dilma]] [[Marxist]] governments<ref>[http://g1.globo.com/especiais/eleicoes-2010/noticia/2010/06/psc-e-ptc-decidem-apoiar-candidatura-de-dilma-rousseff.html PSC and PTC decide to support candidacy of Dilma Rousseff], G1 - 6/30/2010</ref>. Influenced by the rise of the brazilian [[New Right]], movements such as MBL (''Movimento Brasil Livre'', in enligsh: ''Brazil Free Movement'') and [[right-wing]] politicians like [[Jair Bolsonaro]] and [[Ronaldo Caiado]], the party changed his views and went to look further to the [[right]].

Influenced by [[german]] [[christian democracy]] and [[ordoliberalism]], the PSC is one of the most controversial parties of [[Brazil]], a country that, despite having a [[Catholic]] majority, is has a growing [[politically correct]] [[atheism|anti-religious]] mindset. People with less understanding in politics confuse Christian-based policies with [[theocracy]] and violation of the [[secular state]], and therefore reject a party with [[Christian]] values and politicians<ref>[http://noticias.gospelmais.com.br/ativistas-gays-elegem-evangelicos-inimigos-publicos-movimento-68159.html "Gay activists elect evangelical public enemies of the movement"], Gospel+ - 5/30/2014</ref>. His most famous name is [[Marco Feliciano]], considered [[homophobic]]<ref>[http://oglobo.globo.com/politica/deputado-federal-marco-feliciano-faz-coro-as-declaracoes-de-bolsonaro-ataca-negros-homossexuais-2802944 Congressman Marco Feliciano echoed the statements of Bolsonaro and attacks blacks and homosexuals], O Globo - 3/31/2011</ref> and [[racist]]<ref>[http://veja.abril.com.br/noticia/brasil/deputado-maldicao-africana-tambem-chegou-ao-brasil Evangelical deputy sees curse on Africa], [[Veja (Magazine)|VEJA]] - 4/1/2011</ref> by the [[liberal media]] due to a controversial project which argued that [[Psychiatry|psychiatrists]] should have the right to help [[homosexual]]s who wanted treatment.

== References ==
<references>
</references>

{{DEFAULTSORT:Party, Social Christian}}

== See also ==
*[[National Labor Party]]
*[[Brazilian Communist Party]]
*[[Progressive Party (Brazil)]]
*[[Christian Social Democratic Party]]

{{brazilian political parties}}

[[Category:Conservatism]]
[[Category:Conservative Political Parties]]

Social Liberal Party

2016-04-16T14:11:28Z

Renan Jackson: The article doesn't have many sources because the main source of information is the official party website, which does not have separate pages, but only pop-ups on the main page.

{{PoliticalParty
| party_name = Social Liberal Party
| party_logo =
| website = [http://www.psl.org.br www.psl.org.br]
| leader = Luciano Caldas Bivar
| Parleader =
| foundation = October 30, 1994
| ideology = [[Libertarianism]] [[Fiscal conservatism]] [[Liberalism]] (former)
| position = ''Fiscal'': [[Free market]] ''Social'': [[Libertarian]]
| international =
| colors = purple and white
| footnotes =
}}

'''Social Liberal Party''' is a [[Brazil]]ian political party ideologically connected to the [[libertarian]] and objectivist [[right]]. It was founded with moderately [[liberal]] ideas, who argued that the [[federal government]] should spend on [[healthcare]], [[education]], [[security]], [[energy]] and other basic industries, but that would total space for other sectors would be dominated by the private sector.

However, since 2015, taking advantage of the fact of the party being small and insignificant, the [[libertarian]] internal tendency ''LIVRES'' (in english: ''FREE'') decided to make an ideological reformulation in the party, leading the party to a more [[right-wing]] [[liberalism]], keeping the moderate social ideas, but turning the party [[fiscal conservatism|fiscally conservative]] and advocate of [[limited government]]<ref>[http://rodrigoconstantino.com/artigos/psl-se-renova-e-foca-mais-no-liberal-da-sigla-ou-its-happening/ PSL is renewed and more focused on the "Liberal" of Acronym]</ref>.

The party doesn't qualify as a [[right-wing]] party, as it believes that the term "[[right-wing]]" is closely associated to [[social conservatism|social conservative]]s, which the party opposes. However, recognizes [[economic freedom]] as a right-wing ossue and says that in the eyes of a [[socialist]] or [[liberal]], they're on the [[right]]. In the eyes of a [[conservative]], they're on the [[left]]. Despite the ideological makeover, they continue defining themselves as "[[liberal|liberal socials]]", and say they advocate a [[libertarianism]] that focuses on society, not the individual, differing from traditional [[libertarian]] currents. And as the [[New Party (Brazil)|New Party]], they also supports the permanence of certain social programs created by the ultra-left governments of [[Party of Brazilian Social Democracy|PSDB]] and [[Worker's Party (Brazil)|PT]]. Like the [[American]] [[Libertarian Party]], PSL qualify themselves as [[fiscal conservatism|fiscally conservative]] and [[liberal|socially liberal]].

According to its official website, the party supports the [[American]] model of [[federalism]]<ref>[http://www.psl.org.br/ Our issues]</ref>.

== References ==
<references>
</references>

== See also ==
*[[New Party (Brazil)]], another brazilian libertarian party

{{brazilian political parties}}

[[Category:Libertarianism]]

Social Christian Party

2016-04-16T13:32:20Z

Renan Jackson:

Progressive Party (Brazil)

2016-04-16T13:29:49Z

Renan Jackson:

{{PoliticalParty
| party_name = Progressive Party
| party_logo =
| website = [http://www.pp.org.br/ pp.org.br]
| leader = Ciro Nogueira
| Parleader =
| foundation = April 4, 1993
| ideology = [[Right-wing]]
| position = ''Fiscal'': [[Free market]]<ref name="ppfreemarket">[http://seligaeleitor.blogspot.com.br/2012/06/partidos-politicos-do-brasil-e-suas.html Political parties in Brazil and their ideologies], Se Liga, Eleitor! - June 20, 2012</ref> ''Social'': [[Conservative]]<ref name="ppconservative">[http://politica.estadao.com.br/noticias/eleicoes,partido-progressista-afirma-que-quer-atrair-eleitor-conservador-imp-,1116839 Progressive Party says it wants to attract conservative voter], Estadão - January 10, 2014</ref>
| international =
| colors = blue and red
| footnotes =
}}

The '''Progressive Party''' ('''PP''', ''Partido Progressista'' in portuguese) is a [[brazil]]ian ideologically [[conservative]]<ref name="ppconservative">[http://politica.estadao.com.br/noticias/eleicoes,partido-progressista-afirma-que-quer-atrair-eleitor-conservador-imp-,1116839 Progressive Party says it wants to attract conservative voter], Estadão - January 10, 2014</ref> and [[right-wing]]<ref name="ppfreemarket">[http://seligaeleitor.blogspot.com.br/2012/06/partidos-politicos-do-brasil-e-suas.html Political parties in Brazil and their ideologies], Se Liga, Eleitor! - June 20, 2012</ref> party. Despite its platform being conservative (both in [[free market|the fiscal field]] as in [[conservatism|the social field]]), its politicians are [[centrism|centrist]] and has some [[liberal|moderate leftists]]. From the time that the party was still called ''Social Democratic Party'', PP has as one of its leaders the [[communist]] politician [[Paulo Maluf]], wanted by [[Interpol]] for corruption and other fiscal crimes<ref>[http://www.interpol.int/Wanted-Persons/(wanted_id)/2009-13608 Wanted. MALUF, Paulo] - [[Interpol]]</ref>.

The party grew out of the [[National Renewal Alliance]] (''Aliança Renovadora Nacional'', ARENA)<ref>[http://www.pp.org.br/textos/453/27432/NossaHistoria/?slT=119032 Our History], PP official website</ref>, the party that ruled [[Brazil]] during the [[anti-communist]] [[military]] regime of [[neo-conservative]] orientation and thus was created with a conservative platform and conservative politicians former dissidents from ARENA. However, with the arrival of [[Paulo Maluf]] in the party, which made him only to compete for the presidency, but ended up not disaffiliate himself of the party after suffering a crushing defeat, the party was turning more and more to the [[left]]<ref>[http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/fsp/poder/51114-perto-do-lula-sou-comunista-diz-maluf.shtml "Close to Lula, 'm communist", said Maluf], Folha de São Paulo - June 26, 2012</ref>.

During the [[Marxist]] government of President [[Lula da Silva|Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva]], the PP was an opposition party, along with fellow conservative [[Democrats (Brazil)|Democrats]] and the [[socialist]]s [[PSDB]] and [[PPS]]. However, at the end of Lula's term, the politician Ciro Nogueira went on to chair the party, and put him in the allied base of the [[Marxist]] government of Lula's successor, [[Dilma Rousseff]]. This act proves undemocratic since the vast majority of the parliamentary party rejects the government, as seen in a video of [[2014]] in a [[conservative]] parliamentary [[Jair Bolsonaro]] speech at the party national convention<ref>[http://www.valor.com.br/politica/3593512/em-convencao-do-pp-bolsonaro-insiste-em-sua-candidatura-presidencia In a National Convention of PP, Bolsonaro insists in his candidacy for Presidency], Valor Econômico - June 26th, 2014</ref>

Despite all this, the PP is, along with the [[Democrats (Brazil)|Democrats]] and the [[Social Christian Party]], one of the parties with the most [[conservative]]<ref name="ppconservative">[http://politica.estadao.com.br/noticias/eleicoes,partido-progressista-afirma-que-quer-atrair-eleitor-conservador-imp-,1116839 Progressive Party says it wants to attract conservative voter], Estadão - January 10, 2014</ref> and [[libertarian]]<ref name="ppfreemarket">[http://seligaeleitor.blogspot.com.br/2012/06/partidos-politicos-do-brasil-e-suas.html Political parties in Brazil and their ideologies], Se Liga, Eleitor! - June 20, 2012</ref> views in [[Brazil]], and one of the few parties where the [[right]] has voice and name. A great example was the aforementioned [[Jair Bolsonaro]], the most [[right-wing]] politician on the brazilian political spectrum<ref>[http://politica.estadao.com.br/blogs/marcelo-moraes/2014/10/30/bolsonaro-serei-o-candidato-da-direita-a-presidencia-em-2018/ Bolsonaro: "I will be the right-wing candidate for the presidency in 2018"] - Estadão.</ref>. Vehemently attacked by the [[liberal media|media]], Bolsonaro was labeled by the [[liberal media]] as "[[Nazi]]"<ref>[http://www.cartacapital.com.br/tecnologia/a-onda-bolsonaro-e-o-despertar-do-neonazismo The Bolsonaro wave and the awakening of neo-Nazism] - [[CartaCapital]]</ref>, "[[homophobic]]"<ref>[http://terramagazine.terra.com.br/interna/0,,OI5125255-EI6578,00-Vou+processar+o+Bolsonaro+diz+Mott+sobre+panfletos.html "I'll sue Bolsonaro" says Mott on pamphlets] - Terramagazine.terra.com.br.</ref>, "[[racist]]"<ref>[http://noticias.uol.com.br/politica/2011/04/01/para-ministra-da-igualdade-racial-declaracoes-de-bolsonaro-sao-caso-explicito-de-racismo.jhtm Chief of Seppir consider statements such as "explicit racism" of Bolsonaro]. - UOL (April 1, 2011). Visited on April 2, 2011.</ref>, "[[fascist]]"<ref>[http://www.joildo.net/artigos/tortura-nunca-mais/ Mario Jakobskind (May 29, 2009). Torture Never Again! Joildo.net]</ref>, "[[sexist]]"<ref>[http://www.mndh.org.br/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2747&Itemid=56 MNDH want full pressure against Bolsonaro] - MNDH.</ref> and "[[white supremacist]]". But with the revival of the Brazilian right, these accusations were refuted.

Besides Bolsonaro, that left the party in March 2016, the [[south]]ern politician Marcel van Hattem has also been fiercely attacked by the [[liberal media]].

== References ==
<references>
</references>

== See also ==
*[[Brazilian Republican Party]]
*[[Worker's Party (Brazil)]]
*[[Democrats (Brazil)]]
*[[Social Christian Party]]

{{brazilian political parties}}

[[Category:Conservatism]]
[[Category:Conservative Political Parties]]

User:Renan Jackson

2016-03-12T00:24:49Z

Renan Jackson: Replaced content with "<center> <big><big>I'm abandoning this site due to its orthodox and nothing pragmatic character</big></big> <big>I'm a New Right classical liberalism|classic libera..."

<center>
<big><big>I'm abandoning this site due to its orthodox and nothing pragmatic character</big></big>

<big>I'm a [[New Right]] [[classical liberalism|classic liberal]], a true freedom and individual rights supporter. I'm not an orthodox pseudo-Christian who believes that everything that isn't in the Bible or in the Constitution is wrong, immoral and liberal.</big>

There is a big difference between being conservative and being intolerant
</center>

GOProud

2016-03-12T00:20:41Z

Renan Jackson: Don't embarrass Conservatives

'''GOProud''' is a [[homosexual]] "rights" [[Republican]] group . They claim to be conservatives who believe in [[limited government]], individual liberty, free markets, national defense and a strong foreign policy. Per their website "We believe that every individual should be equal under the law." This stance would include the right to [[same-sex marriage|same-sex "marriage"]]. Some people believe the group has more in common with conservatism than the [[libertarian]] wing. Traditional conservatism is defined by social issues; God, heterosexual marriage, etc. As such, GOProud divides the conservative movement which is now evident in the annual [[CPAC]] convention and the refusal of social conservative groups to attend an event that promotes [[homosexuality]] from GOProud. The co-founders of GOProud are [[Jimmy LaSalvia]] and [[Christopher Barron]], a political director for [[Planned Parenthood]].<ref>[http://www.gaypatriot.net/2005/11/16/breaking-news-log-cabin-loses-political-director-to-planned-parenthood/ BREAKING NEWS: LOG CABIN LOSES POLITICAL DIRECTOR TO PLANNED PARENTHOOD, Gay Patriot, November 16, 2005]</ref> In a rejection of the [[homosexual agenda]], the CPAC board of directors voted to exclude GOProud from future CPAC conferences.<ref>[http://www.wnd.com/index.php?fa=PAGE.view&pageId=263673 GOProud out at annual summit of conservatives]</ref> In 2012, a divided GOProud board voted to endorse [[RINO]] [[Mitt Romney]] for President over Libertarian [[Gary Johnson]], in spite of the former's pro-traditional marriage policies and the latter's fiscal conservatism. Barron, a supporter of Johnson, later expressed disapproval over this endorsement.

[[Ann Coulter]], who joined GOProud, claimed she convinced the organization to drop its stance favoring same-sex "marriage" or civil unions and instead simply allow homosexuals to have relationships under the justification they can see their partners in the hospital or pass property to whomever they like.

==Leftist Policies and Statements==
*Christopher Barron has called [[Cleta Mitchell]], a conservative lawyer fighting same-sex "marriage" in D.C., a "nasty [[bigot]]." <ref>[http://www.redstate.com/erick/2011/02/10/this-is-too-much-for-me/ This is Too Much For Me, Red State, February 10, 2011]</ref>
*GOProud attacks conservative [[Tim Pawlenty]] for his support of [[Don't ask, don't tell|Don't Ask Don't Tell]]. <ref>[http://www.redstate.com/erick/2011/02/08/reciprocal-courtesy-on-a-bridge-too-far/ Reciprocal Courtesy On a Bridge Too Far, Red State, February 2011]</ref>
*GOProud calls conservative leader [[Jim DeMint]] "outrageous and bizarre" for suggesting the barring of openly homosexual teachers from school. <ref>[http://www.goproud.org/jim-demint-trying-his-best-to-make-alvin-greene-look-sane/ Jim DeMint: Trying His Best to Make Alvin Greene Look Sane, GOProud, October 5, 2010]</ref>
*GOProud attempts to dilute the [[Biblical]] condemnation of [[homosexuality]] as a [[sin]] and an [[abomination]] unto [[God]].
*GOProud supports having the U.S. [[military]] allow openly homosexual men and women to serve.
*GOProud defends [[RINO]] [[Chuck Hagel]] from anti-gay accusations. <ref>[http://dailycaller.com/2013/01/07/goproud-founders-former-log-cabin-republicans-defend-hagel-from-anti-gay-charges/ GOProud founders, former Log Cabin Republicans, defend Hagel from 'anti-gay' charges, The Daily Caller, January 7, 2013]</ref>

==See Also==
* [[Log Cabin Republicans]]

==References==
<references/>

==External Links==
* [http://www.goproud.org Official website]
* [http://www.redstate.com/calvinfreiburger/2011/08/01/some-inconvenient-truths-about-goproud/ Some Inconvenient Truths About GOProud]

[[Category:Homosexual Agenda]]
[[Category:Politics]]
[[Category:Republican Party]]

Progressive Party (Brazil)

2016-03-05T19:49:26Z

Renan Jackson:

{{PoliticalParty
| party_name = Progressive Party
| party_logo =
| website = [http://www.pp.org.br/ pp.org.br]
| leader = Ciro Nogueira
| Parleader =
| foundation = April 4, 1993
| ideology = [[Right-wing]]
| position = ''Fiscal'': [[Free market]]<ref name="ppfreemarket">[http://seligaeleitor.blogspot.com.br/2012/06/partidos-politicos-do-brasil-e-suas.html Political parties in Brazil and their ideologies], Se Liga, Eleitor! - June 20, 2012</ref> ''Social'': [[Conservative]]<ref name="ppconservative">[http://politica.estadao.com.br/noticias/eleicoes,partido-progressista-afirma-que-quer-atrair-eleitor-conservador-imp-,1116839 Progressive Party says it wants to attract conservative player], Estadão - January 10, 2014</ref>
| international =
| colors = blue and red
| footnotes =
}}

The '''Progressive Party''' ('''PP''', ''Partido Progressista'' in portuguese) is a [[brazil]]ian ideologically [[conservative]]<ref name="ppconservative">[http://politica.estadao.com.br/noticias/eleicoes,partido-progressista-afirma-que-quer-atrair-eleitor-conservador-imp-,1116839 Progressive Party says it wants to attract conservative player], Estadão - January 10, 2014</ref> and [[right-wing]]<ref name="ppfreemarket">[http://seligaeleitor.blogspot.com.br/2012/06/partidos-politicos-do-brasil-e-suas.html Political parties in Brazil and their ideologies], Se Liga, Eleitor! - June 20, 2012</ref> party. Despite its platform being conservative (both in [[free market|the fiscal field]] as in [[conservatism|the social field]]), its politicians are [[centrism|centrist]] and has some [[liberal|moderate leftists]]. From the time that the party was still called ''Social Democratic Party'', PP has as one of its leaders the [[communist]] politician [[Paulo Maluf]], wanted by [[Interpol]] for corruption and other fiscal crimes<ref>[http://www.interpol.int/Wanted-Persons/(wanted_id)/2009-13608 Wanted. MALUF, Paulo] - [[Interpol]]</ref>.

The party grew out of the [[National Renewal Alliance]] (''Aliança Renovadora Nacional'', ARENA)<ref>[http://www.pp.org.br/textos/453/27432/NossaHistoria/?slT=119032 Our History], PP official website</ref>, the party that ruled [[Brazil]] during the [[anti-communist]] [[military]] regime of [[neo-conservative]] orientation and thus was created with a conservative platform and conservative politicians former dissidents from ARENA. However, with the arrival of [[Paulo Maluf]] in the party, which made him only to compete for the presidency, but ended up not disaffiliate himself of the party after suffering a crushing defeat, the party was turning more and more to the [[left]]<ref>[http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/fsp/poder/51114-perto-do-lula-sou-comunista-diz-maluf.shtml "Close to Lula, 'm communist", said Maluf], Folha de São Paulo - June 26, 2012</ref>.

During the [[Marxist]] government of President [[Lula da Silva|Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva]], the PP was an opposition party, along with fellow conservative [[Democrats (Brazil)|Democrats]] and the [[socialist]]s [[PSDB]] and [[PPS]]. However, at the end of Lula's term, the politician Ciro Nogueira went on to chair the party, and put him in the allied base of the [[Marxist]] government of Lula's successor, [[Dilma Rousseff]]. This act proves undemocratic since the vast majority of the parliamentary party rejects the government, as seen in a video of [[2014]] in a [[conservative]] parliamentary [[Jair Bolsonaro]] speech at the party national convention<ref>[http://www.valor.com.br/politica/3593512/em-convencao-do-pp-bolsonaro-insiste-em-sua-candidatura-presidencia In a National Convention of PP, Bolsonaro insists in his candidacy for Presidency], Valor Econômico - June 26th, 2014</ref>

Despite all this, the PP is, along with the [[Democrats (Brazil)|Democrats]] and the [[Social Christian Party]], one of the parties with the most [[conservative]]<ref name="ppconservative">[http://politica.estadao.com.br/noticias/eleicoes,partido-progressista-afirma-que-quer-atrair-eleitor-conservador-imp-,1116839 Progressive Party says it wants to attract conservative player], Estadão - January 10, 2014</ref> and [[libertarian]]<ref name="ppfreemarket">[http://seligaeleitor.blogspot.com.br/2012/06/partidos-politicos-do-brasil-e-suas.html Political parties in Brazil and their ideologies], Se Liga, Eleitor! - June 20, 2012</ref> views in [[Brazil]], and one of the few parties where the [[right]] has voice and name. A great example was the aforementioned [[Jair Bolsonaro]], the most [[right-wing]] politician on the brazilian political spectrum<ref>[http://politica.estadao.com.br/blogs/marcelo-moraes/2014/10/30/bolsonaro-serei-o-candidato-da-direita-a-presidencia-em-2018/ Bolsonaro: "I will be the right-wing candidate for the presidency in 2018"] - Estadão.</ref>. Vehemently attacked by the [[liberal media|media]], Bolsonaro was labeled by the [[liberal media]] as "[[Nazi]]"<ref>[http://www.cartacapital.com.br/tecnologia/a-onda-bolsonaro-e-o-despertar-do-neonazismo The Bolsonaro wave and the awakening of neo-Nazism] - [[CartaCapital]]</ref>, "[[homophobic]]"<ref>[http://terramagazine.terra.com.br/interna/0,,OI5125255-EI6578,00-Vou+processar+o+Bolsonaro+diz+Mott+sobre+panfletos.html "I'll sue Bolsonaro" says Mott on pamphlets] - Terramagazine.terra.com.br.</ref>, "[[racist]]"<ref>[http://noticias.uol.com.br/politica/2011/04/01/para-ministra-da-igualdade-racial-declaracoes-de-bolsonaro-sao-caso-explicito-de-racismo.jhtm Chief of Seppir consider statements such as "explicit racism" of Bolsonaro]. - UOL (April 1, 2011). Visited on April 2, 2011.</ref>, "[[fascist]]"<ref>[http://www.joildo.net/artigos/tortura-nunca-mais/ Mario Jakobskind (May 29, 2009). Torture Never Again! Joildo.net]</ref>, "[[sexist]]"<ref>[http://www.mndh.org.br/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2747&Itemid=56 MNDH want full pressure against Bolsonaro] - MNDH.</ref> and "[[white supremacist]]". But with the revival of the Brazilian right, these accusations were refuted.

Besides Bolsonaro, that left the party in March 2016, the [[south]]ern politician Marcel van Hattem has also been fiercely attacked by the [[liberal media]].

== References ==
<references>
</references>

== See also ==
*[[Brazilian Republican Party]]
*[[Worker's Party (Brazil)]]
*[[Democrats (Brazil)]]
*[[Social Christian Party]]

{{brazilian political parties}}

[[Category:Conservatism]]
[[Category:Conservative Political Parties]]

Jair Bolsonaro

2016-03-05T19:48:27Z

Renan Jackson:

{{Officeholder
|name=Jair Messias Bolsonaro
|image=
|party= [[Social Christian Party|Social Christian]] (formerly [[Progressive Party (Brazil)|Progressive]])
|spouse=Ana Cristina Valle
|religion=[[Catholic]]
|offices=
}}

'''Jair Messias Bolsonaro''' (Campinas, March 21, 1955) is a brazilian [[military]] and [[conservative]] congressman. In its eighth consecutive term, Jair Bolsonaro is one of the most admired personalities and at the same time one of the most hated of [[Brazil]]. Bolsonaro is the most [[right-wing]] politician on the brazilian political spectrum, and for defending [[christian values|Christians]], [[family values|family]], [[traditional values|traditional]] and [[conservative values]], was labeled by the Brazilian media as "[[Nazi]]"<ref>[http://www.cartacapital.com.br/tecnologia/a-onda-bolsonaro-e-o-despertar-do-neonazismo The Bolsonaro wave and the awakening of neo-Nazism] - [[CartaCapital]]</ref>, "[[homophobic]]"<ref>[http://terramagazine.terra.com.br/interna/0,,OI5125255-EI6578,00-Vou+processar+o+Bolsonaro+diz+Mott+sobre+panfletos.html Earth. "I'll sue the Bolsonaro" says Mott on pamphlets] - Terramagazine.terra.com.br.</ref>, "[[racist]]"<ref>[http://noticias.uol.com.br/politica/2011/04/01/para-ministra-da-igualdade-racial-declaracoes-de-bolsonaro-sao-caso-explicito-de-racismo.jhtm Chief of Seppir consider statements such as "explicit racism" of Bolsonaro]. - UOL (April 1, 2011). Visited on April 2, 2011.</ref>, "[[fascist]]"<ref>[http://www.joildo.net/artigos/tortura-nunca-mais/ Mario Jakobskind (May 29, 2009). Torture Never Again! Joildo.net]</ref>, "[[sexist]]"<ref>[http://www.mndh.org.br/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2747&Itemid=56 MNDH want full pressure against Bolsonaro] - MNDH.</ref> and "[[white supremacist]]".

When he was elected for the first time, Bolsonaro was a [[nationalist]] defender of [[big government]], [[protectionist]] and contrary to the [[free market]] and [[fiscal conservatism]]. Over the years, Bolsonaro was evolving and increasingly taking the [[right-wing]] positions. Today is one of the few Brazilian politicians advocating a [[limited government]] and a [[free economy]] without bureaucracy.

Another accusation that usually fall on Jair Bolsonaro is of the neo-[[nepotism]] due to the fact that the deputy has three sons in politics. Carlos Bolsonaro (councilor of Rio de Janeiro), Flávio Bolsonaro (state deputy from Rio de Janeiro), both also from the PP, and Eduardo Bolsonaro (federal police and federal deputy from Sao Paulo), of the PSC. These have very similar ideas of Jair, however, have thought himself and disagree with the father in some ways.

Bolsonaro is trying to be a candidate for president of [[Brazil]] in 2018<ref>[http://politica.estadao.com.br/blogs/marcelo-moraes/2014/10/30/bolsonaro-serei-o-candidato-da-direita-a-presidencia-em-2018/ Bolsonaro: "I will be the right-wing candidate for the presidency in 2018"] - Estadão.</ref>, I had tried in 2014, but the leaders of [[Progressive Party (Brazil)|his party]] decided, anti-democratic, supporting the [[Marxist]] government of [[Dilma Rousseff]]. Among the presidential proposals Jair Bolsonaro are closing unnecessary ministries (such as Ministry of Finance, which keeps the [[socialism|government in control of the economy]], and the Defense Ministry, which puts the [[fascism|military subordination to political]]), the reduction of state in all its spheres, the [[free market]], [[homeschooling]], the neutral point of view in schools, private health, the end of [[gun control]], the prohibition of [[same-sex marriage]] and family planning.

The most leftist members of his party usually classify it as a ''PSNN'' (''Progressista Só No Nome'' - ''[[Progressive]] In Name Only'', ''PLINO''). In March 2016, he left PP to join [[Social Christian Party]].

== Quotes from Jair Bolsonaro ==
*"[[Dilma Rousseff]] is [[Adolf Hitler]] using skirts" - About the [[Marxist]] president [[Dilma Rousseff]].

== References ==
<references>
</references>

== See also ==
*[[Progressive Party (Brazil)]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bolsonaro, Jair}}

[[Category:Brazil]]
[[Category:Conservatives]]
[[Category:Pro Second Amendment]]

Jair Bolsonaro

2016-03-05T19:45:20Z

Renan Jackson:

{{Officeholder
|name=Jair Messias Bolsonaro
|image=
|party= [[Social Christian Party|Social Christian]] (formerly [[Progressive Party (Brazil)|Progressive]])
|spouse=Ana Cristina Valle
|religion=[[Catholic]]
|offices=
}}

'''Jair Messias Bolsonaro''' (Campinas, March 21, 1955) is a brazilian [[military]] and [[conservative]] congressman. In its eighth consecutive term, Jair Bolsonaro is one of the most admired personalities and at the same time one of the most hated of [[Brazil]]. Bolsonaro is the most [[right-wing]] politician on the brazilian political spectrum, and for defending [[christian values|Christians]], [[family values|family]], [[traditional values|traditional]] and [[conservative values]], was labeled by the Brazilian media as "[[Nazi]]"<ref>[http://www.cartacapital.com.br/tecnologia/a-onda-bolsonaro-e-o-despertar-do-neonazismo The Bolsonaro wave and the awakening of neo-Nazism] - [[CartaCapital]]</ref>, "[[homophobic]]"<ref>[http://terramagazine.terra.com.br/interna/0,,OI5125255-EI6578,00-Vou+processar+o+Bolsonaro+diz+Mott+sobre+panfletos.html Earth. "I'll sue the Bolsonaro" says Mott on pamphlets] - Terramagazine.terra.com.br.</ref>, "[[racist]]"<ref>[http://noticias.uol.com.br/politica/2011/04/01/para-ministra-da-igualdade-racial-declaracoes-de-bolsonaro-sao-caso-explicito-de-racismo.jhtm Chief of Seppir consider statements such as "explicit racism" of Bolsonaro]. - UOL (April 1, 2011). Visited on April 2, 2011.</ref>, "[[fascist]]"<ref>[http://www.joildo.net/artigos/tortura-nunca-mais/ Mario Jakobskind (May 29, 2009). Torture Never Again! Joildo.net]</ref>, "[[sexist]]"<ref>[http://www.mndh.org.br/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2747&Itemid=56 MNDH want full pressure against Bolsonaro] - MNDH.</ref> and "[[white supremacist]]".

When he was elected for the first time, Bolsonaro was a [[nationalist]] defender of [[big government]], [[protectionist]] and contrary to the [[free market]] and [[fiscal conservatism]]. Over the years, Bolsonaro was evolving and increasingly taking the [[right-wing]] positions. Today is one of the few Brazilian politicians advocating a [[limited government]] and a [[free economy]] without bureaucracy.

Another accusation that usually fall on Jair Bolsonaro is of the neo-[[nepotism]] due to the fact that the deputy has three sons in politics. Carlos Bolsonaro (councilor of Rio de Janeiro), Flávio Bolsonaro (state deputy from Rio de Janeiro), both also from the PP, and Eduardo Bolsonaro (federal police and federal deputy from Sao Paulo), of the PSC. These have very similar ideas of Jair, however, have thought himself and disagree with the father in some ways.

Bolsonaro is trying to be a candidate for president of [[Brazil]] in 2018<ref>[http://politica.estadao.com.br/blogs/marcelo-moraes/2014/10/30/bolsonaro-serei-o-candidato-da-direita-a-presidencia-em-2018/ Bolsonaro: "I will be the right-wing candidate for the presidency in 2018"] - Estadão.</ref>, I had tried in 2014, but the leaders of [[Progressive Party (Brazil)|his party]] decided, anti-democratic, supporting the [[Marxist]] government of [[Dilma Rousseff]]. Among the presidential proposals Jair Bolsonaro are closing unnecessary ministries (such as Ministry of Finance, which keeps the [[socialism|government in control of the economy]], and the Defense Ministry, which puts the [[fascism|military subordination to political]]), the reduction of state in all its spheres, the [[free market]], [[homeschooling]], the neutral point of view in schools, private health, the end of [[gun control]], the prohibition of [[same-sex marriage]] and family planning.

The most leftist members of his party usually classify it as a ''PSNN'' (''Progressista Só No Nome'' - ''[[Progressive]] In Name Only'', ''PLINO'').

== Quotes from Jair Bolsonaro ==
*"[[Dilma Rousseff]] is [[Adolf Hitler]] using skirts" - About the [[Marxist]] president [[Dilma Rousseff]].

== References ==
<references>
</references>

== See also ==
*[[Progressive Party (Brazil)]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bolsonaro, Jair}}

[[Category:Brazil]]
[[Category:Conservatives]]
[[Category:Pro Second Amendment]]

GOProud

2016-02-28T15:07:45Z

Renan Jackson: GOP advocates individual freedom, a gay rights group isn't formed by RINOs, RINO would be Republican groups formed by homophobics

User talk:Jpatt

2016-02-28T14:15:11Z

Renan Jackson: /* Vandal */

== Archive 2008 ==
[http://www.conservapedia.com/User_talk:Jpatt/Subway_Troll Here]

== Archive 2009 ==
[http://www.conservapedia.com/User_talk:Jpatt/2009]

== Archive 2010 ==
[http://www.conservapedia.com/User_talk:Jpatt/2010]

== Archive 2011 ==
[http://www.conservapedia.com/User_talk:Jpatt/2011‎]

== Archive 2012 ==
[http://www.conservapedia.com/User_talk:Jpatt/2012]

==Obama's Religion==
The polls varied between 10% and 18%, so "1 in 4" is not an accurate summary. If you don't like my revision, we can go back to my first phrasing of the sentence, but I think this last one is better. Thanks, [[User:Wschact|Wschact]] 23:08, 4 January 2013 (EST)

It is accurate (as nearly 20% is 1 in 5) [http://abcnews.go.com/WN/pew-poll-18-percent-americans-president-obama-muslim/story?id=11437070#.UOepB-R0P3M] [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/08/18/AR2010081806913.html] and I oppose the insertion of rumor. We don't have his baptism records and Obama can't be trusted with what he says. It's not a rumor, it's not fact, it is an unknown assumption. Replacing a sentence somebody just added reeks of edit war incivility. --[[User:Jpatt|Jpatt]] 23:18, 4 January 2013 (EST)

:In addition to the polling, the [[Obama's Religion|evidence is overwhelming]] that Obama is [[Muslim]]. Given how the [[liberal media]] censor any discussion of this issue. the polling data on it is even more remarkable.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 23:47, 4 January 2013 (EST)
::Thank you for the feedback. From an editorial viewpoint, I am trying to maintain flow. Obama's quotation uses the phrase "rumors that have been over the Internet" and "score political points". I think that he is referring to the 2007 email blasts that started this. (I personally believe that such an effort would have come from a prospective Democratic primary opponent rather than from a true conservative.) So the sentence following the quote should stick with "rumor" rather than inject "best efforts of Obama's supporters" without any predicate. As for the polling, I believe the more polling references provided in the article, the better. I am pleased that the "one in four" language was changed. However, the bottom line is that if we are going to "let the readers decide", we should drop phrases like "Starting in 2007, unidentified people revealed that he was most likely a Muslim." I believe that the article can be written in a way that leaves CP without answering the question one way or the other. This issue is not important to me, but as the public face of CP, Aschlafly could take a serious hit in his personal reputation if this page receives widespread media attention in its current form. The folks that funded the 2007 email effort did not leave fingerprints, but it would be ironic if Aschlafly picked up the smoldering gun with his bare hands just in time to be identified as the proponent of the issue. [[User:Wschact|Wschact]] 03:19, 6 January 2013 (EST)

:::I wouldn't concern yourself about Aschlafly's reputation. Obama's quotation is more subterfuge. Obama could have specifically put the questions about his faith to rest, just as he could have come clean on his birth certificate. He prefers mystery that surrounds his life in order to hit his critics on demand. Despite the best efforts of Obama supporters is accurate. They don't want anybody to question Obama's words on the matter. We are supposed to take his word as his bond. I don't trust liars.--[[User:Jpatt|Jpatt]] 13:49, 6 January 2013 (EST)

== User:Wschact ==

Sorry for bothering you,
Today, I unblocked [[User:Wschact]], as I felt that the comment he made, [http://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Mystery:Why_Do_Some_Oppose_the_Likelihood_that_Obama_Is_Muslim%3F&diff=next&oldid=1027278 here], was not very bad. If you disagree, please revert back to your decision. Just wanted you to know,

[[User:Brenden|brenden]] 20:14, 5 January 2013 (EST)

ok --[[User:Jpatt|Jpatt]] 20:33, 5 January 2013 (EST)

Sorry to bother you again, but I hope you are aware that you added Chuck Hagel to the Obama's Religion a ''second'' time. It was already at the top of the list. Perhaps you may want to consolidate. Thanks, [[User:Wschact|Wschact]] 23:33, 7 January 2013 (EST)

I am not clear as to what was the concern with [http://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Obama%27s_Religion&action=historysubmit&diff=1028111&oldid=1028107 this edit.] I believe the audience and the fact that he made the speech during the middle of his first term as President is important to the context. Providing a link to the full text is also helpful to the readers. I also believe that the reference to Muslim teaching against same sex marriage is important to the readers. A home schooled student should learn that a wide variety of religions teach against same sex marriage. Your wording implies that Muslims approve of same sex marriage, when there is widespread opposition. Thanks, [[User:Wschact|Wschact]] 05:36, 8 January 2013 (EST)

:I see that you care deeply for Obama's religion. I don't know why you fear my examples so much that you have to make changes. Obama claims to be a Christian while attacking the Christian faith. You want to make it as Obama is attacking the Christian and Muslim faith. No Muslim religious people are ordered to perform same-sex marriage against their beliefs. CAIR has not made any complaints against Obama's gay policy. Muslims overwhelming voted for Obama in '12 just as they did in '08 despite his gay marriage stance. What you deem important is just another attempt to water-down my examples. Do me a favor, I don't need you to correct my work. You want to edit the other entries, go ahead. Leave my work alone. --[[User:Jpatt|Jpatt]] 06:34, 8 January 2013 (EST)

::Hear, hear, JPatt! This fellow Wschact is not to be trusted--I've been watching his work.--[[User:ThomJ|ThomJ]] 18:26, 20 January 2013 (EST)

:::He has gone into retirement.--[[User:Jpatt|Jpatt]] 18:36, 20 January 2013 (EST)

==Backdoor spending authority==
Can you unprotect [[Backdoor spending authority]]? I'm still working on it. Also, User:Wschact may have some positive contributions to it. He seems knowledge on a few difficult and complicated (parliamentary and budget) processes. [[User:OscarO|OscarO]] 21:09, 10 January 2013 (EST)

== Fabulous blocks and reverts ==

Fabulous blocks and reverts!--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 12:29, 5 March 2013 (EST)
:Thanks, anytime.--[[User:Jpatt|Jpatt]] 21:09, 5 March 2013 (EST)

== Liberal myths ==

I trust that you will be adding sources for the items I pointed out. As an alternative, I would suggest changing the page title to [[Liberal beliefs]] so that we don't have to worry about disproving each and every one of the items on the list (many of which may well be true). [[User:GregG|GregG]] 20:28, 22 July 2013 (EDT)

== friendly questions ==

How much has conservatism grown on the internet? In the Anglosphere, is conservatism growing faster relative to liberal internet political content? How fast is it currently growing?

I thought you might have some insight on these matters.

Lastly, since the world has a lot of places in the developing world with traditional values, I am guessing that social conservatism is growing globally faster than liberalism on the internet. [[User:Conservative|Conservative]] 17:18, 10 August 2013 (EDT)

:idk. --[[User:Jpatt|Jpatt]] 18:36, 10 August 2013 (EDT)
::i do know that conservative news sites have blown past their liberal counterparts; breitbart, drudge, daily caller --[[User:Jpatt|Jpatt]] 18:38, 10 August 2013 (EDT)

== Common Core ==

Greetings, JPatt:

I write this in the spirit of friendship and cooperation. It may sound hostile, given that I disagree with Conservapedia's apparent stance regarding Common Core, but I don't mean to be hostile.

If you were to look around on the web for all the examples of massive stupidity and inappropriateness in things schoolteachers do, and put them into the [[Essay:Common Core]] article, you would run out of disk space on Conservapedia's server. There's just no limit to human stupidity, and there's no point putting examples of stupidity into the Common Core article ''unless they relate to the Common Core standards''.

I looked around at your examples. The "Ruby and the hairclip" article came from [https://jeopardylabs.com/play/reading-mastery-3rd-6-weeks-review this article, select "inference for 500"]. It's the most pathetic thing I've seen on the internet in quite a while. The [https://jeopardylabs.com https://jeopardylabs.com] website is truly awful, and the "be sure your answer is in the form of a question" garbage is just incredible. They are certainly not Alex Trebek! It's a web site where you can make your own stupid Jeopardy game thing, and then upload it so others can see it. That a teacher downloaded such a thing for his or her class is utterly pathetic in many ways. But the website has nothing to do with Common Core!

As far as I can tell from a Google search, the "Peter and Patty" story was from some kind of book titled "Daily Warm-ups, Reading, Grade 3" by Shelle Russell. You can find it on Amazon [http://www.amazon.com/gp/search?index=books&linkCode=qs&keywords=1420634895 here]. Unbelievably stupid. (By the way, the story was pretty much cribbed from Hansel and Gretel; the author is incredibly lazy, as well as stupid.) That a 3rd grade teacher on Long Island went to this book for material is unbelievable. But, once again, it has nothing to do with Common Core.

You and I can find stupid things that teachers do until we are blue in the face. There's already a Conservapedia page on [[Public_school]] that has this stuff.

As far as your math example from yesterday, the news article says it's from Common Core, but I'm not convinced. I need to look around some more. I Googled "breaking apart numbers", and it seems to be a real thing. As a math major, I find it appalling that people would teach it that way. It's true that you can mentally add 105+79 by saying that 79 is 1 less than 80, and 105+80 is obviously 185, so 105+79=184. I think that's what the method is about, but the example is an incredibly inappropriate one. I can't figure out what he's doing. The [http://mypetjawa.mu.nu/archives/217018.php article you cited], says it's a common core example, giving [https://twitter.com/hoffmanrich/status/384806802262470656/photo/1 this item by Rich Hoffmann]. But it gives no evidence that that example came from Common Core; it just said that it came from a 3rd grade workbook, with no further information. It may be that Common Core does teach the "breaking apart" method, but I hope it's more like my 105+79 example rather than the garbage from that workbook.

I haven't checked out the "Constitution Day" thing in detail, but I think the fundamental point, that we have a great deal of freedom because of the Constitution, and that America is special because of this, is appropriate. It's what I was taught in school. I don't agree with their claim that the Constitution is not a piece of paper. At the time that it was signed, on September 17, 1787, it ''was'' a piece of paper. Well, quite a few pages. And it most certainly is our written plan.

I need to do more Googling. :-)

[[User:SamHB|SamHB]] 22:08, 7 October 2013 (EDT)

:We're good SamHB, you don't have to worry about offending me. True, much negative can be said about education in America. The reason I keep adding to Common Core is to bring visibility to the topic, which most are unaware unless they have kids in public schools. I feel it needs to be discredited at every turn. If I provided misleading information, feel free to remove without fear of being blocked. RINO Jeb Bush is a big fan of Common Core. The NEA is a big supporter of Common Core. Both are an enemy of conservatives. So we may not agree 100% but at least you understand my motives.

== speedy ==

Please look at the [[:Category:Speedy deletion candidates]] and delete some of the articles.--[[User:JoeyJ|JoeyJ]] 14:48, 22 November 2013 (EST)

== featured essay on main page ==

I featured your new essay on the main page. It contained a number of pieces of information that I was unaware of. Thanks for writing it. 07:48, 8 November 2014 (EST)

== Project ==

Would you like to collaborate with other editors on a wiki project to help Conservapedia be a strong resource for a given topic.

The topic could be decided by the editors participating.

If you are interested, please go to: [http://www.conservapedia.com/Conservapedia:Community_Portal#A_project_for_active_editors_to_collaborate_on The collaborative project]. [[User:Conservative|Conservative]] 22:00, 25 December 2014 (EST)

==The Liberals smear campaign Won -- I now retire from editing Conservapedia==
I must say that the liberal smear campaign and relentless edits/deletions from 5 very loud CP liberal trolls / RINOs (besides the vociferous [[User:Wschact]], you know who you are and will be happy to know you have won) has been no fun. I am sad to say, it is much worse edit wars and liberal reverts than ''anything'' I contributed over the years to Wikipedia. Sorry [[User:Aschlafly]], [[User:Conservative]] and [[User:Jpatt]], but I have lost the enthusiasm to continue contributing to CP in the face of this much liberal opposition. Thank you 3 for what you do for the conservative movement. I strongly suspect that the frequent sock puppet hacker-vandalist accounts were [[User:Wschact]] or one his friends using a VPN since all the vandals edits were directed to things he was revert warring with me over. God bless. [[User:TheAmericanRedoubt|TheAmericanRedoubt]] 02:26, 9 January 2015 (EST)

== Message posted to Wschact's talk page ==

TheAmericanRedoubt (TAR) creates a lot of content and his work is appreciated by the Admin community and has their full support. Wschact your content is appreciated also.

Second, I contacted TAR about various matters such as: not creating additional ayurvedic medicine articles at this time, avoiding creating large "see also" sections, avoiding creating a lot of red links (AlanE was irked by this), and not creating a lot of stub articles. TAR agreed to do all these things.

Third, Karajou, JPatt and I feel you are hounding TAR. This must immediately stop. Please cease and desist doing this. It is also suspected that you may have others using your account to help you hound TAR. If true, this is unacceptable.

Fourth, considering that TAR has agreed to not create additional ayurvedic medicine articles which seems to have been the spark to start this wiki war, you need to meet him half way and stop hounding him. If you don't Karajou, JPatt and I will consult with the owner of CP and make sure that you do stop hounding him.

Again, your content is appreciated and so is your input. Nonetheless, your behavior towards TAR must stop. It is unacceptable and will not be tolerated. [[User:Conservative|Conservative]] 09:36, 11 January 2015 (EST)

==Temporary 7 Day Ban: WShact again removing Conservative POV material from Survival/Firearm Related Articles==
Dear [[User:Jpatt]] and [[User:Karajou]], I would appreciate your help on addressing Wshact issue again this since [[User:Conservative]] told me to talk to you since he is temporarily busy on off-Wiki related business. Thank you again.

Instead of contributing new material, I again have had to spend significant time restoring the diverse conservative point of view topics/materials that WShact continues to remove/delete/subtly edit out from [[:Category:Survivalism]] and firearms, Second Amendment related articles. [[The Survival Blog]] articles in particular took 30 minutes to restore material deleted by Wshact from his numerous small edits (so they couldn't be easily reverted). I had to spend time removing Wshact's biased (and improperly formatted resulting in a reference error) source/ref from a biased competing commercial website rather than unbiased actual Alexa site reference. http://www.conservapedia.com/Talk:The_Survival_Blog#WShact_again_removing_Conservative_POV_material_from_Survival.2FFirearm_Related_Articles
[[User:TheAmericanRedoubt|TheAmericanRedoubt]] 06:47, 13 January 2015 (EST)

In re-reviewing Wschact's continued harassment of Survivalism-Prepper-Firearms articles under the guise of making lots of small improvements to the article (which cannot be easily reverted). I realized Wshact, under the guise of reorganizing the article and putting it in the active voice instead of passive voice, has again deleted significant conservative point of view content. It was to hard to continue trying to restore the vandalized article. Thus I had to restore my original version of the article.

Dealing with this whole affair of continued harassment has just cost me 1 hour of my time that I had budgeted to spend contributing new firearms content.

In response to Wshact's continued harassment despite repeated warnings, I am temporarily banning him for 7 days. Admins who have been involved in correcting Wshact's aggressive behavior, please correct the ban time if appropriate. [[User:TheAmericanRedoubt|TheAmericanRedoubt]] 07:11, 13 January 2015 (EST)

===Comments from Others===

== Upload a picture "Send a gun to defend a British home.jpg"? ==
Hi Jpatt. Being a fellow [[gun enthusiast]], would you please examine this [[World War II]] flyer: https://cdn2-b.examiner.com/sites/default/files/styles/image_content_width/hash/b4/c5/b4c52576c5d83bde287c5f26a41b9ba5.jpg?itok=wQk-jVj6

http://www.examiner.com/article/would-you-send-a-gun-to-defend-a-british-home

Perhaps, when you get a chance would please upload this picture to CP under the file name "Send a gun to defend a British home.jpg"? I would like to use it in both an article and an Pro Second Amendment essay such as [[Essay:France Pays Dearly - Liberal Gun Control Laws and Gun Free Zones that Welcome Terrorists]]. Some of my essays ([[Conservapedia:Essays#Firearms_and_the_Second_Amendment]]) will be good conservative American Patriot "[[Essay:Sheepdogs_for_the_sheeple|sheepdog]]" responses to AugustO and Wshacts deletion of Second Amendment, Tenth Amendment States' rights and other firearms related conservative content. Thanks.
::[[User:TheAmericanRedoubt|TheAmericanRedoubt]] 09:38, 13 January 2015 (EST)

:::I am away from my computer during the week and only have cell phone access. I will look into uploading this weekend.--[[User:Jpatt|Jpatt]] 20:54, 13 January 2015 (EST)
I already did it for him. Working on getting him picture upload rights. 21:29, 13 January 2015 (EST)

==Regarding Firearms Articles and Need for Pictures==
Over the next 12 months I will add at least 100 to 150 articles on firearms:
http://www.conservapedia.com/User_talk:TheAmericanRedoubt#Guns_and_Knives
http://www.conservapedia.com/Conservapedia:Community_Portal#Category_tag_compromise_and_TheAmericanRedoubt

You mentioned you would be adding pictures for firearms. If I get authorized by Mr. Schlafly to get picture uploading rights, you will not have to find and upload them. I will do it for you. Thanks for your support. [[User:TheAmericanRedoubt|TheAmericanRedoubt]] 15:39, 14 January 2015 (EST)

== Uploading request ==

Hello, could you please upload the following images for me?: [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lukasjenko-31.jpg], [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mugabecloseup2008.jpg], [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_South_Vietnam.svg], [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_South_Vietnam_(1954_-_1955).svg], [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:USSR_stamp_Salvador_Allende_1973_6k.jpg] and [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-R1220-401,_Erich_Honecker.jpg], Thanks.--[[User:JoeyJ|JoeyJ]] 04:58, 17 January 2015 (EST)

:Done--[[User:Jpatt|Jpatt]] 12:00, 17 January 2015 (EST)
::Thank you--[[User:JoeyJ|JoeyJ]] 12:03, 17 January 2015 (EST)

== Cquote - don't delete. ==

Jpatt, Template:Cquote is listed in the [[:Category:Speedy deletion candidates]] category for some unknown reason, and apparently no one intended to place it there either, so please don't delete it! I spoke with Conservative at [[Conservapedia:Community Portal]], and he advised me to alert active admins. Thank you, [[User:VargasMilan|VargasMilan]] 20:59, 10 June 2015 (EDT)

== Upload request. ==

I wonder if you could help me with picture uploads for the [[Potentially_unwanted_program]] article that I've been working on with DavidB4. The request is at the bottom of the [[Conservapedia:Image_upload_requests]] page.

Thanks, [[User:SamHB|SamHB]] ([[User talk:SamHB|talk]]) 16:11, 23 January 2016 (EST)

==Need an image==
Hi, Can we upload the file [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/62cts_Brazilian_Crystal_Opal.JPG/800px-62cts_Brazilian_Crystal_Opal.JPG] for the article [[opal]]? I just made a few edits to it, although it still needs polishing. [[User:U.U|U.U]] ([[User talk:U.U|talk]]) 23:10, 12 February 2016 (EST)
::Thank you. [[User:U.U|U.U]] ([[User talk:U.U|talk]]) 14:47, 15 February 2016 (EST)

==How do we get the permission?==
Hi Jpatt. According to what you say, we need permission from Microsoft to have screenshots of their products on our articles. How do we get the permission? [[Wikipedia]] has this permission, so is there a way for us to get it? I have a screenshot request for [[Internet Explorer]] at [[Conservapedia:Image_upload_requests]]. [[User:U.U|U.U]] ([[User talk:U.U|talk]]) 17:39, 15 February 2016 (EST)

:This page describes the process [https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Windows_Live_Essentials_Installer.png]. To me it appears that we can use. Then there is so much lawyeresque speak, like '''May not''' and 'May' other?. I might need ASchlafly involved. --Jpatt 22:07, 15 February 2016 (EST)
::Yes. If we're going to compete with [[Wikipedia]], we are going to need the permission to supply screen shots from a variety of programs. So, we should summon ASchlafly so that we can get perminent permission to use Microsoft Screenshots. [[User:U.U|U.U]] ([[User talk:U.U|talk]]) 21:09, 20 February 2016 (EST)
:::I did a request, the answer is no. You can contact the original uploader and ask how to get permission. If we have permission then there will not be a problem.--Jpatt 12:26, 27 February 2016 (EST)

== Promotion of DavidB4 ==

While congratulating DavidB4 on his talk page, it came out that he was apparently never given the briefing on how to use his blocking powers. Never having had blocking powers myself, I don't know what the issues are, or what the buttons and menus look like, but I recall seeing various discussions, somewhere, of when to block an IP address also. Something about checking or unchecking a box. He definitely needs to to filled in on Conservapedia's policies on this. He may be embarrassed to ask an admin about this, so, rather than asking him to ask you or Andy, I figured I'd come to you directly. Could you please "show him the ropes"? [[User:SamHB|SamHB]] ([[User talk:SamHB|talk]]) 00:30, 23 February 2016 (EST)

:Not to cut in, but it would be nice if at some point I could get some more specific info. I understand the basics, of course, and in general, [http://www.conservapedia.com/Conservapedia:Guidelines#Administrators when to block and when not to], but [[User:SamHB|SamHB]] indicated there where times when an IP ban would not be appropriate. In the past, there have been very few times anything but an IP ban has seemed appropriate or effective to me. Am I a crazed, power-intoxicated tyrant?
:I wasn't sure which admin to ask, so I hadn't--I suppose not the best policy. Any thoughts?

:P.S. Thanks [[User:SamHB|SamHB]] for trying to keep from making things too uncomfortable for me. I'm not at all trying to cut you out of this or be unappreciative. I don't mind asking, though, so I figured I'd join right in. --[[User:DavidB4|David B]] ([[User talk:DavidB4|talk]]) 11:25, 23 February 2016 (EST)

::Congrats. I work 60-70 hours per week. I can answer questions but sometimes not in a timely matter. For blocking, just select a reason and the length of punishment. Don't worry about IPs. Any mistakes can be easily fixed.--Jpatt 19:17, 24 February 2016 (EST)

:::Thanks! I can see why you are busy--that's fine. What block time is appropriate in most cases, say, for vandalism? I usually see 1, 2, or 5, (not infinite) but I can't really tell what's the norm. I'd think 5 years would be better, since we have such a problem with vandals here, and honestly, how many people move in a duration of five years. Of course, it will also apply to public or other computers that user has access to...ugh. I think I'm over-thinking this.--[[User:DavidB4|David B]] ([[User talk:DavidB4|talk]]) 19:33, 24 February 2016 (EST)

::::Typical block length is 2 years. Most determined trolls will comeback again and again under different alias, they won't be waiting for the block to expire.--Jpatt 20:02, 24 February 2016 (EST)

Alright, makes sense. Thanks again!--[[User:DavidB4|David B]] ([[User talk:DavidB4|talk]]) 20:41, 24 February 2016 (EST)

==Vandal==
A vandal on the loose. [http://www.conservapedia.com/Special:Contributions/Benkumar] I have told DavidB4.[[User:U.U|U.U]] ([[User talk:U.U|talk]]) 02:34, 27 February 2016 (EST)
::He, Rahulbrown, and Josephkocher might also be one and the same person. [[User:U.U|U.U]] ([[User talk:U.U|talk]]) 02:42, 27 February 2016 (EST)

== Re: Christie ==
It wasn't me who said he's a fiscal conservative, was the article itself.--[[User:Renan Jackson|Renan Jackson]] ([[User talk:Renan Jackson|talk]]) 09:15, 28 February 2016 (EST)

Chris Christie

2016-02-27T16:32:50Z

Renan Jackson: Fiscal conservatives aren't RINOs

{{Officeholder
|name=Chris Christie
|image=Chris-christie3.jpg
|party=[[Republican]]
|spouse=Mary Pat Christie
|religion=[[Roman Catholic]]
|offices=
{{Officeholder/governor
|state=New Jersey
|terms=January 19, 2010 - Present
|preceded=[[Jon Corzine]]
|former=n
|succeeded=
}}
}}

'''Christopher Christie''' (born September 6, 1962, in Newark, New Jersey) is the 55th and current Governor of [[New Jersey]], having won in the 2009 election by a 49%-45% margin over incumbent [[Democrat]] [[Jon Corzine]]. A [[Republican]], Christie previously served as U.S. Attorney for the District of New Jersey.

Christie declined to run for president in 2012, but endorsed [[Mitt Romney]] early and at a pivotal time, when Romney was struggling with [[evangelical]] statements against him. But Christie was passed over by Romney in his selection of a candidate for Vice President, despite how Christie might have attracted [[Catholic]] voters nationwide, as well as Irish and Italian American voters, and helped carry nearby [[Pennsylvania]]. Instead, Christie was picked to deliver the keynote address at the [[Republican National Convention]]. However, Christie earned the ire of [[conservative]]s with his fervent embrace of [[Barack Hussein Obama]] at a critical moment, likely costing Romney the election.

Christie caved into the [[homosexual agenda]] by prohibiting [[conversion therapy]] for minors, which is a shocking infringement on liberty and parental rights. This probably rendered Christie unelectable as a candidate for the Republican nomination for president. Christie's nominations to the New Jersey Supreme Court have also been astoundingly liberal and even included a break with tradition in order not to renominate the existing conservatives on that bench.

Other other issues, Christie has wandered between [[conservative]] values and [[RINO]] positions. Christie has vetoed same-sex marriage bills and other socially [[liberal]] legislation. He pardoned a man who received an absurdly long sentence for peaceful gun possession, but Christie has also been criticized for sometimes supporting of [[gun control]]. Conservatives have also criticized him for his stance on immigration reform.<ref>http://americasvoiceonline.org/blog/chris_christies_immigration_record/</ref> He believes in the liberal hoax known as [[global warming]], <ref>http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0511/55793.html</ref> and has supported the [[Obamacare]] [[Medicaid]] expansion.

On the important [[abortion]] issue, Christie is a bit of a [[PLINO]] - pro-life in name only. Christie has occasionally espoused [[pro-life]] views, but since early 2010 he has done almost nothing for unborn children. The [[abortion]] rate in [[New Jersey]] remains among the highest in the nation. Still, it is unlikely that Christie would run ads in support of abortion in certain cases, as Romney did in 2012.

After promoting a key part of the [[homosexual agenda]] by signing into law a ban on [[conversion therapy]] for minors, Christie then ran for reelection without significant opposition by [[liberal]] donors. Christie easily won reelection in 2013, winning in a landslide against Democrat Barbara Buono.

On June 30, 2015, Christie announced his candidacy for the Republican nomination in the [[2016 presidential election]].<ref>http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2015/06/30/christie-announces-2016-bid-for-white-house-becomes-14th-gop-hopeful/</ref>

==Biography==
Prior to his election as governor, Christie's only elected experience was serving on the Morris County board of Freeholders from 1995-1998. His colleagues praised him as effective, such as requiring as policy that the freeholder board go out for three quotations even on no-bid contracts. They also noted that he was unusually ambitious, when he unsuccessfully ran for State Assembly just two months into his term. <ref>http://www.politickernj.com/max/26275/political-career-three-parts-chris-christie-freeholder</ref> During his tenure in office county taxes decreased by 6.6%. <ref>http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2009/05/gop_candidate_chris_christie_l.html</ref>

After serving as a top fundraiser for [[George W. Bush]]'s 2000 presidential campaign, the [[Bush administration]] appointed Christie as U.S. Attorney for the District of New Jersey and served from 2002-2008. He was also one of the 17 U.S. Attorneys on [[Attorney General]] [[Alberto Gonzales]]'s advisory commitee. Christie's most high profile prosecutions included State Senator and [[Newark]] Mayor Sharpe James for mail fraud, wire fraud, and conspiring to rig the sale of nine city lots to his mistress. <ref>[http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2008/04/newark_ex_mayor_sharpe_james_convicted.html] Mayor James convicted</ref> He also led the felony conviction of State Senator Wayne Brant of mail and wire fraud, and bribery for soliciting a job at the School of Osteopathic Medicine. <ref>http://www.nj.com/news/ledger/topstories/index.ssf/2008/11/exlawmaker_bryant_guilty_of_br.html</ref> As attorney, Christie won convictions or guilty pleas from over 130 public officials, without losing a single case.

Christie's service as a prosecutor had an influence in [[national security]], when he led the team that prosecuted Hemant Lakhani, who had the desire to broker the sale of shoulder-fired missiles to shoot down American passenger jets. <ref>http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/news/article-6229181-details/%27Del+Boy%27+trader+on+arms+charge/article.do;jsessionid=2F40D75F1AFD0FA79E8E876DCB944F88 {{dead link}}</ref> When leaving office in December 2008 he was praised by every major newspaper in New Jersey. The Philadelphia Inquirer editorialized "Christie has already done more good for New Jersey than some previous governors." The [[New York Times]] wrote that Christie "won widespread admiration for his aggressive fight against political corruption." <ref>http://www.ourcampaigns.com/CandidateDetail.html?CandidateID=14677&ShowAllPoll=Y</ref>

Even Governor Corzine, Christie's opponent in the gubernatorial election praised Christie in 2005, saying "I have supported Chris Christie as being our U.S. attorney, fought for his ability to be that, endorsed what he's doing...There have been as many Republicans as Democrats who have been brought to justice because of Chris Christie. I think he's doing a great job." <ref>http://www.christiefornj.com/images/negativeattacks.pdf</ref>

==2009 Gubernatorial Campaign==
[[Image:Christiemap.jpg|thumb|right|250px|2009 Election Results]]
In the Republican primary, Christie defeated former mayor [[Steve Lonegan]].

Although a Democratic state, Christie was elected while advocating the need to downsize state [[government]] and reduce property taxes. New Jersey had faced a weakened economy, high budget deficit and a high tax burden, reslting in Corzine's defeat.

In July, Christie endorsed [[Barack Hussein Obama|President Obama]]'s nomination of [[Sonia Sotomayor]] to the [[U.S. Supreme Court]], saying "Elections have consequences. One of those consequences are judicial appointments. While Judge Sotomayor would not have been my choice, President Obama has used his opportunity to fill a seat on the Supreme Court by choosing a nominee who has more than proven her capability, competence and ability." <ref>http://www.nj.com/politics/index.ssf/2009/07/gop_gov_candidate_chris_christ_3.html</ref>

Christie is pro-life:
:"I believe in the sanctity, dignity and inherent value of all human life. Hearing the heartbeat of my unborn daughter 14 years ago had a profound effect on me. I am pro-life because I believe her life and the life of every child is precious." <ref>http://www.christiefornj.com/questions-for-chris {{dead link}}</ref>

===Notable Endorsements===
*Former [[New York City]] [[Mayor]] [[Rudy Giuliani]]
*Former [[Massachusetts]] Governor [[Mitt Romney]]
*Former New Jersey Governor [[Thomas H. Kean]]
*Economist [[Steve Forbes]]
*New Jersey Right to Life Committee <ref>http://www.lifenews.com/state4512.html</ref>

==Record as Governor==
On Christie's first day as governor he signed eight executive orders and froze several government regulations. He gave a nod to casinos, signing an order saying that their employees are essential state workers and will not have to close in any future state government shutdown, as they were in 2006. Christie also added unions to the list of groups who cannot receive state contracts of more than $17,500 if they have donated more than $300 to a campaign for governor or county political committee in the previous 18 months.<ref>http://www.pressofatlanticcity.com/news/press/new_jersey/article_63a14ff8-8038-591a-8f1a-7503e1bbcbcc.html</ref>

In February, Christie announced that he would immediately freeze all state spending. Saying New Jersey is on the verge of bankruptcy, Christie declared a fiscal emergency, announcing drastic cuts. <ref>http://wcbstv.com/local/governor.christie.freezes.2.1487727.html {{dead link}}</ref>

On March 16, 2011, Christie announced major cuts to education to help balance the budget bloat caused by years under Democratic governors. <ref>http://www.dailyprincetonian.com/2010/03/22/25559/</ref> The New Jersey Education Association hotly contested these vital cuts, as they would almost certainly require the firing of non-tenured teachers to balance local school budgets, a problem the teacher's union created in the first place. Recently, the cuts have been challenged by the Supreme court, despite there being no link between New Jersey's relatively large amount of educational spending and increased statewide academic success. <ref>http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2011/03/christies_school_aid_cuts_left.html</ref>

In August 2011, Christie raised controversy by dismissing legitimate concerns voters and members of the New Jersey state legislature had raised concerning his appointment of Sohail Mohammed, a Muslim attorney with a history of defending Muslims after [[September 11, 2001 attacks|9/11]], as a judge on the state bench. Christie used profanity in referring to concerns that Mohammed would institute [[Sharia law]] from his position as state judge, and called citizens concerned about the Islamization of America "crazies."<ref>http://nation.foxnews.com/chris-christie/2011/08/04/christie-defends-appointing-muslim-judge-sharia-law-business-crap</ref>

Governor Christie has endorsed a plan to to merge part of the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey (UMDNJ) with Rutgers University. The plan would include UMDNJ’s New Brunswick-Piscataway campus — Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, the School of Public Health and the Cancer Institute of New Jersey. The change would help raise Rutgers’ profile and draw more research dollars to the state, according to the recommendations. <ref>[http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2011/09/umdnj-rutgers_partial_merger_r.html Gov. Christie strongly endorses partial merger of Rutgers and UMDNJ]</ref> Rutgers, one of the few state universities without its own medical school, has been lobbying for a merger since another state task force headed by former New Jersey Gov. [[Thomas H. Kean]] first suggested the idea in January 2011. The reorganization has an “aggressive” target date of July 1, 2012. By adding a medical school, Rutgers’ rank among universities in spending on research and development would rise dramatically<ref>[http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2011/12/no_time_wasted_creating_rutger.html No time is being wasted creating Rutgers medical school]</ref>

He has also failed in getting the New Jersey Grand Prix ready for 2013, it will now be held in 2014.

==Controversy==
Christie's administration allegedly used "thug tactics"<ref> http://www.breitbart.com/InstaBlog/2014/01/08/Christie-Staff-Using-Thug-Tactics</ref> to shut down a bridge in New Jersey as retaliation against a Democrat who would not endorse Christie. The resulting traffic delays led to the death of an elderly woman and a number of investigations are ongoing. Numerous comparisons with [[Richard Nixon]] and [[Watergate]] have been drawn, even by former allies and supporters.<ref>http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702303754404579310952856880802</ref><ref> http://www.nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2014/01/nixon-christie-bridgegate.html</ref><ref> http://www.mediaite.com/online/glenn-beck-finds-the-good-news-in-christies-fat-furious-bridgegate-scandal/</ref>

According to RedState, "I have had Congressmen, Governors, and the staffers of Congressmen and Governors tell me horror stories about dealing with Christie’s people. All of them seem to dread it."<ref> http://www.redstate.com/2014/01/08/the-politics-of-a-holes/</ref> The Daily Caller elaborates: "But style aside, why should Republicans trust a candidate who has been openly antagonistic to them?"<ref> http://dailycaller.com/2014/01/08/bedford-the-myth-of-chris-christie-exposed/</ref> Even some [[RINO]]s such as Lindsay Graham have begun to question Christie<ref>http://hotair.com/archives/2014/01/09/the-first-big-name-republican-to-attack-christie-over-bridgegate-is-lindsey-graham/</ref> although most are avoiding the issue. <ref>http://www.wnd.com/2014/01/rush-limbaugh-rinos-like-wildebeests/?cat_orig=politics</ref>

==External Links==
*[http://www.state.nj.us/governor/ Governor of New Jersey Official Site]
*[https://www.chrischristie.com/ Chris Christie 2016 campaign site]

===Videos===
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ICIa-KJeUtM&feature=related Governor Christie: Style]
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Evtt-R7Rmdw&feature=related Governor Christie: Day of Reckoning]
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iVccFQLFmUo&feature=related Conservative Governor on his "confrontational tone"]
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZlzA9dgZ1qM&feature=related Rush Limbaugh: Governor Chris Christie Slaughters a Liberal Reporter]
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TeXBlZdPENU&feature=related Governor Chris Christie For President 2012]
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ljIVr0dVgww&feature=related Christie Slams Teacher Unions]
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yuri7p_9pm4&feature=related Chris Christie vs. Teachers Unions]
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1ksLlAi3iIc&feature=related Governor Christie: Not About Teachers]
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vkv6uo5nZDM&feature=related Governor Christie on Hannity]

==References==
{{reflist|1}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Christie, Christopher}}
[[Category:Republican Party]]
[[category:Fiscal Conservatives]]
[[category:New Jersey Governors]]
[[category:Republican Governors]]
[[Category:The 100 Americans The Left Hates Most]]
[[Category:2016 Presidential Candidates]]

Colt Ford

2016-02-09T14:17:23Z

Renan Jackson:

'''Colt Ford''' is a [[conservative]] american singer<ref>[http://www.allmusic.com/artist/colt-ford-mn0001028746 Colt Ford - AllMusic]</ref>. His song known as the most [[conservative]] is ''Answer to no One'', from the ''Declaration of Independence'' album, which praises [[God]], criticizes [[gun control]] and [[taxes]], praises the [[Republican Party]], the [[work]] and the [[country]] life. The ''Declaration of Independence'' album, as the title indicates, is very [[patriotism|patriotic]] and have the [[American flag]] on the cover.

== ''Answer to no One'' lyrics ==
''Let me tell you a little story 'bout how I was raised''
:''Every day [[work]], every day [[pray]]''
''[[God]], [[family]], friends, yeah everybody's friends''
:''A winner never quits, and a quitter never wins''
''Helps folks in need, don't fall for greed''
:''A jealous man is weak so think before you speak''
''If you love 'em let 'em know, if you hate let it go''
:''Fast can be fun, but sometimes you need slow''
''[[God]] is all good, the [[devil]] is so real''
:''So listen up y'all 'cause this is how I feel''

''I won't back up, I don't back down''
:''I've been raised up to stand my ground''
''Take my job but not my [[gun]]s''
:''[[Tax]] my check till I ain't got none''
''Except for the good [[Lord]] up above''
:''I answer to no one''

''See I'm a [[flag]] flyin' [[bible]] totin' son of a gun''
:''Yeah I'm hell on the hard just a rebel on the run''
''Scared don't know it, fear don't feel it''
:''The [[truth]] is the light, sometimes you gotta fight''
''Good beats bad, [[right]] beats wrong''
:''I'm a ball room preacher and this is my song''
''I'm climbing for the top, representin' for the [[country]]''
:''I'm the people's champ right out of their camp''
''Shotgun toter, [[republican]] voter''
:''[[Hank Junior]] supporter, let's protect our [[border]]''
''To hell with anyone who don't believe in the [[USA]]''
:'''Cause this is what I say''

''I won't back up, I don't back down''
:''I've been raised up to stand my ground''
''Take my job but not my [[gun]]s''
:''[[Tax]] my check till I ain't got none''
''Except for the good [[Lord]] up above''
:''I answer to no one''

''Give me my [[suffrage|right to vote]]''
:''My right to tote the weapon of my choice''
''Don't censor my voice''
:''Hate me if you want or love me if you can''
''If the [[truth]] is what you want then you found your man''
:''I ain't backin' down, I ain't backin' up''
''If you think like I think, man crank it on up''

''I won't back up, I don't back down''
:''I've been raised up to stand my ground''
''Take my job but not my [[gun]]s''
:''[[Tax]] my check till I ain't got none''
''Except for the good [[Lord]] up above''
:''I answer to no one''
''I answer to no one''

== Discography ==
* ''Ride Through the Country'' (2008)
* ''Chicken & Biscuits'' (2010)
* ''Every Chance I Get'' (2011)
* ''Declaration of Independence (album)|Declaration of Independence'' (2012)
* ''Thanks for Listening'' (2014)

== References ==
<references>
</references>

[[Category:Male Singers]]
[[Category:Christian Singers]]
[[Category:Conservatives]]
[[Category:Pro Second Amendment]]

Jeff Flake

2016-02-09T13:48:45Z

Renan Jackson:

{{Officeholder
|name=Jeff Flake
|image=JeffFlake.jpg
|party=[[Republican]]
|spouse=Cheryl Flake
|religion=The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
|offices=
{{Officeholder/senator
|state=Arizona
|terms=January 3, 2013 -
|preceded=[[Jon Kyl]]
|former=n
|succeeded=
}}
{{Officeholder/representative
|state=Arizona
|district=6th
|terms=January 3, 2003 – January 3, 2013
|preceded=[[J. D. Hayworth]]
|former=y
|succeeded=[[David Schweikert]]
}}
{{Officeholder/representative
|state=Arizona
|district=1st
|terms=January 3, 2001 – January 3, 2003
|preceded=[[Matt Salmon]]
|former=y
|succeeded=[[Rick Renzi]]
}}
}}
'''Jeff Flake''' is a [[Republican]] [[United States Senator ]] from [[Arizona]], winning election to the Senate in 2012, and former [[United States Representative]]. He is a member of The Church Of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints ([[Mormon]]s). He has one of the most consistently fiscally [[conservative]] voting records of any Congressman, being one of only eight Representatives to receive a 100% rating from the [[American Conservative Union]] in 2006.<ref>http://www.humanevents.com/article.php?id=20070</ref> He is especially outspoken regarding the burden of [[earmark | earmarks]] on the taxpaying public. However, he has broken from many in his party on the issue of the [[Iraq War]]. In 2012, Jeff Flake was elected to the Senate seat of [[Jon Kyl]].

He should still be considered a [[RINO]] though due his support for homosexuals serving in the military and giving amnesty to illegal immigrants.<ref>http://www.theamericanconservative.com/articles/is-jeff-flake-arizonas-next-john-mccain/</ref>

Democrats have asked the [[FBI]] and the [[Justice Department]] to review Flake's campaign activities because voters in Arizona have received [[robocall]]s directing voters to the wrong polling locations.<ref>{{cite news|title=Democrats seek Rep. Flake probe|first=Sean|last=Sullivan|work=Washington Post|page=A4|date=November 6, 2012}}</ref>

== References ==

<references/>

{{DEFAULTSORT:Flake, Jeff}}
[[Category:United States Senators]]
[[Category:Former United States Representatives]]
[[Category:Republican Party]]
[[Category:111th United States Congress]]
[[Category:112th United States Congress]]
[[Category:113th United States Congress]]
[[Category:114th United States Congress]]
[[Category:Arizona]]
[[Category:Fiscal Conservatives]]
[[Category:Mormons]]
[[Category:Libertarians]]

James Buchanan

2016-02-08T20:32:49Z

Renan Jackson:

{{President
|image=James Buchanan, by Healy.jpg
|seq=15
|term_start=March 4, 1857
|term_end=March 4, 1861<ref>http://www.trivia-library.com/a/15th-us-president-james-buchanan.htm</ref>
|party=Democratic
|vp=John C. Breckinridge
|previous=Franklin Pierce
|next=Abraham Lincoln
|birth_date=April 23, 1791
|birth_place=Cove Gap, Pennsylvania
|death_date=June 1, 1868
|death_place=Lancaster, Pennsylvania
|spouse=None (Bachelor)
|spouse2=
|religion=[[Presbyterian]]
}}

For other uses of "Buchanan", see [[Buchanan]].

'''James Buchanan''' was the 17th [[Secretary of State]]<ref>http://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/people/secretaries</ref> <ref>http://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/people/buchanan-james</ref> and the 15th [[President of the United States of America]], serving from 1857-1861. He was born on April 23, 1791 in Cove Gap, [[Pennsylvania]]. He was President during the unsuccessful raid on Harper's Ferry by [[John Brown]]. He left office shortly before the firing on [[Battle of Fort Sumter|Fort Sumter]] and [[Civil War]] started. He died in Lancaster, Pennsylvania on June 1, 1868 at age 78.<ref> Encyclopedia of Presidents James Buchanan by Marlene Targ Brill, Children's Press, 1988. </ref>

Buchanan was elected in 1856. The 1856 election was very good for the upstart [[Republican Party]], which was formed in opposition to slavery. Republican candidate [[John C. Frémont]] did not manage to capture enough votes to defeat Buchanan, but the party would seat its next presidential nominee in the [[White House]] four years later. Buchanan also ran against former President [[Millard Fillmore]], who ran as a part of the "Know Nothing Party", a third party formed largely in opposition to immigration and [[Catholic]] influence. <ref>http://www.multied.com/elections/1856.html</ref> Buchanan received 174, Fremont received 116, and Fillmore received 8.

Buchanan's presidency was marred by several disasters stemming from misgauging of public opinion. He did not realize the political weight of the importance of slavery, despite the storm clouds brewing that would soon lead to the Civil War. He felt that the [[Dred Scott]] court decision had settled the issue for good. Also, the newly acquired territory of [[Kansas]] was struggling to decide on a constitution, and several drafts had been proposed, which differed widely on a number of issues, most notably slavery. Buchanan publicly supported the pro-slavery LeCompton Constitution, which was rejected both by most Kansans and by [[Congress]].

Buchanan is notable as being the only bachelor president of the United States. He lived with Alabama Senator Rufus King in Washington for many years. [[Andrew Jackson]] called them “Miss Nancy and Aunt Fancy,” suggesting that the two men were effeminate and overly intimate. (Buchanan served as Jackson's minister to Russia.) Some modern writers have argued that the relationship was sexual, but this accusation is likely to be scurrilous.<ref>"[http://www.mcsweeneys.net/articles/question-15-so-uh%E2%80%A6-james-buchanan-part-ii Question 15: So, Uh... James Buchanan? (Part II)]"</ref>

==References==
<references/>

{{USPresidents}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Buchanan, James}}

[[Category:Democratic Party]]
[[Category:DINOs]]

Rudy Giuliani

2016-02-08T20:22:33Z

Renan Jackson:

{{Officeholder
|name=Rudy Giuliani
|image=Rudy Giuliani.jpg‎
|party=[[Republican]]
|spouse=Regina Peruggi (m. 1968, div. 1982, ann. 1983) Donna Hanover (1984-2002) Judith Nathan (m. 2003)
|religion=[[Roman Catholic]]
|offices=
{{Officeholder/mayor
|number=107th
|city=New York City
|terms=January 1, 1994 – December 31, 2001
|preceded=David Dinkins
|succeeded=[[Michael Bloomberg]]
}}

}}
'''Rudy Giuliani''' (born Rudolph William Giuliani, May 28, 1944 in [[Brooklyn]], New York) is best known for serving two terms as [[Mayor]] of [[New York City]] from 1994 to 2001, and gained worldwide fame and became a hero to New Yorkers and the nation for his decisive action in the aftermath of the [[9/11]] terrorist attacks. He was ''Time'' Magazine's "Person of the Year" and became known as "America's Mayor." As [[Republican Party|Republican]] mayor of New York City he cracked down on "quality of life" crimes, including cleaning up [[Times Square]], taking the homeless off the streets and replacing welfare offices into job centers. By the end of his two terms the unemployment rate was cut in half, the crime rate dropped 57% and the murder rate dropped 65%. <ref>http://www.draftrudy.com/record</ref> Giuliani gained the reputation of one of the greatest mayors in history.

Previous to serving as Mayor, Giuliani became a high ranking member of the Department of Justice in the [[Reagan]] [[administration]] in 1981. In 1983 he become U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York. He vigorously put drug dealers and white collar criminals in jail. In 2007-2008 Rudy Giuliani emerged as an early front-runner for the Republican presidential nomination, but faltered late in 2007 and did poorly in the primaries.

Rudy Giuliani has declined to seek the governorship of New York and United States Senate in 2010.

== Early Life ==
Rudolph W. Giuliani was born to a working class Italian-American family in [[Brooklyn]], [[New York]]. As the grandson of immigrants, Giuliani developed a strong work ethic and a deep respect for America's ideal of equal opportunity. He attended [[Catholic]] parochial schools including Brooklyn's Bishop Loughlin Memorial High School (Class of '61). He graduated from Manhattan College (Class of '65) and New York University Law School, magna cum laude in 1968.<ref> "A Biography Of Mayor Rudolph W. Giuliani" The City of New York Office of the Mayor [http://www.nyc.gov/html/records/rwg/html/bio.html] </ref>

== Personal Life ==
Giuliani has been married three times. First to his second cousin [[Regina Peruggi]], on October 26, 1968. In 1976 the couple split. They did not have any children. His second marriage was to [[Donna Hanover]]. Giuliani filed for legal separation from Peruggi on August 12, 1982. Giuliani and Hanover started living together later that year in Washington, D.C. A [[Roman Catholic]] Church [[annulment]] (of the Giuliani-Peruggi marriage) was granted at the end of 1983<ref>http://www.thesmokinggun.com/archive/years/2007/0212072giuliani12.html</ref> because, according to Giuliani, they did not have the necessary Church dispensation.

Giuliani and Hanover then married on April 15, 1984. They had two children, Andrew and Caroline. In May 2000, Giuliani admitted to an extramarital relationship with Judith Nathan and called a press conference to reveal he intended to separate from Hanover. Hanover did not know that Giuliani intended to make such an announcement and was reportedly caught somewhat by surprise <ref>http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E04E7D8163BF932A25756C0A9669C8B63&sec=health&spon=&pagewanted=2</ref>
Giuliani then married Judith Nathan in 2003, his third marriage.

==Legal Career==
After law school Giuliani clerked for Judge Lloyd MacMahon, United States District Judge for the Southern District of New York. In 1970, he joined the office of the U.S. Attorney. At age 29, he was named Chief of the Narcotics Unit and rose to serve as executive U.S. Attorney. In 1975, Giuliani was recruited by the [[Gerald R. Ford]] administration and became Associate Deputy Attorney General and chief of staff to the Deputy Attorney General. From 1977 to 1981 he practiced law at Patterson, Belknap, Webb and Tyler in New York City.<ref> "A Biography Of Mayor Rudolph W. Giuliani" The City of New York Office of the Mayor [http://www.nyc.gov/html/records/rwg/html/bio.html] </ref>

The Reagan Administration brought Giuliani to Washington in 1981 as Associate Attorney General, the third highest position in the [[U.S. Department of Justice]]. He supervised all of the US Attorney Offices' Federal law enforcement agencies, the Bureau of Corrections, the Drug Enforcement Agency, and the US Marshals. In 1983, Reagan appointed Giuliani to be US Attorney for the Southern District of New York. He gained national prominence over successfully prosecuting high profile cases.

He frequently used the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO) to bring down organized criminals. From 1985-1986 Giuliani indicted eleven organized crime figures under the RICO act that also included charges of extortion, labor racketeering, and murder for hire. Time Magazine called this "Case of Cases" possibly "the most significant assault on the infrastructure of organized crime since the high command of the [[Chicago]] Mafia was swept away in 1943." <ref>http://www.quickoverview.com/election2008/rudy-giuliani-overview.html</ref>

[[Wall Street]] arbitrageur [[Ivan Boesky]] earned an estimated $200 million by betting on corporate takeovers. He was violating [[insider trading]] laws by making investments based on tips received from corporate insiders. Giuliani prosecuted Boesky and was sentenced to 3.5 years in prison and fined $100 million. The case was all the more significant, in that insider trading laws were rarely enforced at the time. Boesky informed several of his insiders, including junk bond trader Michael Milken. In 1989 Giuliani charged Milken under the RICO act with 98 counts of racketeering and fraud. He paid a total of $900 million in fines and settlements.

After six years as serving as a prosecutor Giuliani's record stood at 4,125 convictions with only 25 reversals. <ref>"A Biography Of Mayor Rudolph W. Giuliani" The City of New York Office of the Mayor [http://www.nyc.gov/html/records/rwg/html/bio.html]</ref>

==Mayoral Campaigns==
In 1989, Giuliani ran for mayor of New York City on the [[Liberal]] and [[Republican]] tickets, losing to [[Democrat]] David Dinkins in the closet election in New York City history. In a rematch in 1993, Dinkins popularity faltered after he alienated the New York City Police Department for his support for an all civilian panel to oversee brutality complaints. <ref>http://www.nytimes.com/1992/06/26/nyregion/dinkins-names-police-corruption-panel-and-urges-civilian-police-review.html</ref> This led to massive protests against the Mayor. As crime rates rose, Dinkins gained the image of being weak and incumbent. On the contrary, Giuliani stressed quality of life, crime, business and education. He was elected the 107th Mayor, becoming the first Republican mayor of New York City in over 25 years. In 1997 he was easily re-elected by a wide margin, carrying four out of five boroughs.

==Mayoralty of New York City==

Giuliani brought a new, conservative approach to the ills of New York City. He argued that crime's root cause was not poverty but poor law enforcement; poverty was not alleviated by social welfare programs but perpetuated by them; and the public schools needed not more money but fewer bureaucrats. He made major efforts to reform city affairs, opposed at every step by labor unions, the board of education, social-service agencies, the school bureaucracy, and identity-group politicians. He became a media favorite based on his conservative crime fighting and his liberal positions on [[abortion]], [[gun control]] and [[homosexuality]]. As mayor he would hold almost daily press conferences, and his personal indiscretions regarding his married life became favorite topics for the media. He also hosted his own radio show once a week entitled ''Live From City Hall With Rudy Giuliani''. The show would discuss current city events, and became known by critics as "Rudy's bullying pulpit", in that when open calls were taken, Giuliani would not be hesitant to be confrontational with callers who disagreed with him.

===Crime===

As Mayor, Rudy Giuliani sought to return accountability to city government and improve the quality of life for all New Yorkers. Under his leadership, overall crime fell 57%, murder was reduced by 65%, shootings dropped 72% and New York was recognized by the F.B.I. as the safest large city in America for five consecutive years. Although national crime rates fell in the 1990's, New York exceeded all other cities. Among Giuliani's most notable accomplishments during his mayoralty was his successful assault on [[pornography]] businesses in [[Times Square]]. The neighborhood had long been a mecca for "sexually oriented businesses", but through a prolonged campaign which included maintaining an alliance of local businesses, conservative and feminist groups and the general public, Giuliani managed to clean it up and replaced it with legitimate theaters, restaurants and shops, making it a world class tourist attraction for families.

Mayor Giuliani, along with New York City Police Department Commissioner [[Bill Bratton]], adopted an anti-crime approach known as the "Broken Window Theory." Which is the notion that if by cracking down on minor crimes such as [[graffiti]] or [[litter]], it will lead to stopping more serious crimes before they occur. In 1994 Giuliani and Bratton launched the initiative CompStat, which looked at crime geographically and statistically monitored criminal activity on specific street corners. The program proved to be successful in reducing crime and is still used today. In 1996 it won the Innovations in Government Award from the Kennedy School of Government at [[Harvard]] [[University]]. However, Bratton resigned in 1996 after having personal disagreements with Giuliani.

===Economic Record===

Under Mayor Giuliani [[unemployment]] dropped from 10.4% to 5.0%, personal income rose 50%, a $2.3 billion budget deficit was turned into a $2.9 billion surplus by FY 2001, there was a 17% reduction in New Yorkers [[tax]] burden, and over 640,000 people were cut from welfare rolls. [[Club for Growth]], a conservative political action committee which supports lower taxes, school choice and free trade has said that, "it is impossible to ignore Giuliani's overall commitment to a pro-growth philosophy and his executive talent for implementing that philosophy in a hostile political environment."

During his 1993 Mayoral campaign Giuliani proposed putting a 90-day limit to stay at homeless shelters, "It sounds generous and compassionate, but it isn't. There's an understanding of human psychology that's missing. The less you expect of people, the less you get. The more you expect, the more you get." <ref>http://www.answers.com/topic/rudolph-giuliani</ref>

On [[education]] Giuliani was a strong advocate of school choice. He created the Charter School Initiative in 1999, which led to creation of 17 new schools by the Fall 2001. His administration offered grants of up to $250,000 to new [[Charter Schools]]. In 1999 he placed $12 million into the budget for parochial [[school vouchers]]. Wanting to reduce school bureaucracy, Giuliani frequently battled [[liberal]]s at the New York City Board of Education. In April 1999, Giuliani said he would like to "blow up" the board of Education. <ref>http://www.nytimes.com/1999/04/28/nyregion/a-wider-audience.html</ref>

===Immigration===

Giuliani has received criticisms from conservatives for turning New York City into a [[Sanctuary city]]. In 1996, he said that "We're never, ever going to be able to totally control [[immigration]] in a country that is as large as ours." He went on to say, "If you were to totally control immigration into the United States, you might very well destroy the economy of the United States, because you'd have to inspect everything and everyone in every way possible." As Mayor, Giuliani said that, "There isn’t a mayor or public official in this country that is more strongly pro immigrant than I am. Including disagreeing with President Clinton when he signed an anti immigrant legislation about 2 or 3 years ago."

===Controversies===

In October 1995, Mayor Giuliani ejected [[terrorist]] [[Yasser Arafat]], leader of the [[Palestine]] Liberation Organization (PLO) from a concert at New York's Lincoln Center. Giuliani also refused to invite [[Cuba]]n dictator [[Fidel Castro]] to a gala dinner, "It's my party and I'll invite who I want."

Rudy Giuliani's personal life became an issue under his mayoralty, he had a romantic relationship with his City Hall communications director Cristyne Lategano. <ref>http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2000/05/11/politics/main194350.shtml</ref> The story broke in Vanity Fair magazine in 1997, and was believed to have lead to the divorce of Giuliani's wife of 16 years Donna Hanover. Giuliani told reporters at a press conference "My private life is my own private life. If you like me fine, and if you don't, I don't really give a damn." <ref>Rudy: The Rudy Giuliani Story</ref>

In 1999 Giuliani, a Catholic, threatened to cut off city funding for the [[Brooklyn]] Museum if the museum did not remove a painting of [[Virgin Mary]] next to elephant dung and female genitalia pictures. Although [[Christian]]s supported the mayor's actions, the museum and the [[American Civil Liberties Union]] successfully filed a lawsuit against Giuliani that his actions violated the First Amendment. Mayor Giuliani was forced to restore funding.

==2000 Senatorial Campaign==

In 2000 a diagnosis of prostate cancer had led Rudy Giuliani to drop out of a run for the Senate seat eventually won by Democrat [[Hillary Clinton]].

==September 11 Terrorist Attacks==

[[Image:Rudy_Giulianipersonoftheyear.jpg|thumb|300px|]] On Sept. 10, 2001, Giuliani was known as a crime fighter; his approval rating hovered around 50 percent. He was a [[lame duck]], barred by term limits from seeking re-election, in a city that in any case felt increasingly worn out by eight years of his combative style. And while his supporters talked of a presidential bid, the prospect seemed a long shot for a Republican who supported abortion rights and restrictions on gun sales.

A week after the [[September 11, 2001 attacks|9/11 attacks]], due to his almost universally acclaimed leadership in the aftermath of that tragedy, his approval rating hovered at nearly 80%. Since then he has been on almost every short list of Republican contenders. In his talks, Giuliani uses Sept. 11 to make two points. The first is that he has proven himself to be a leader, and having a proven leader in these troubled times, he tells audiences, is more important than whether you agree with everything he stands for. The other is that his handling of the aftermath of the terrorist attacks proved his competency. <ref>http://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/12/us/politics/12topic-giuliani.html?_r=1&oref=slogin</ref>

The International Association of Fire Fighters, America's largest union of [[firefighter]]s, posted a grievance against Giuliani's November 2001 decision to reduce the number of firefighters searching the rubble of Ground Zero for the remains of some 300 fallen comrades.<ref>http://www.cnn.com/2007/POLITICS/03/09/giuliani.firefighters.ap/index.html</ref>

He tried and failed to change the city's law prohibiting a third consecutive term. He began Giuliani Partners, which immediately became a consultant to businesses worldwide on dealing with terrorism. He gave many highly-paid speeches on how leadership can deal with terrible crises, like he did, and in 2002 published ''Leadership'', recounting how he handled 9-11.

Giuliani strongly recommended in 2004 that his business partner and former city police chief [[Bernard Kerik|Bernard B. Kerik]] be named Secretary of Homeland Security. President [[George W. Bush]] was about to do so when it was learned that Kerik was involved in multiple scandals. In November, 2007, Kerik was indicted by a federal grand jury on corruption charges relating to his former position under Giuliani, as well as personal tax evasion charges. The indictment seriously weakened the Giuliani presidential bid.<ref>John Solomon and Matthew Mosk, "Ex-Partner Of Giuliani May Face Charges," [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/03/30/AR2007033002425.html ''Washington Post'' March 31, 2007]</ref>

==2008 Presidential Campaign==
''Main article: [[Rudy Giuliani 2008 Presidential Campaign]]''

Giuliani ran for the Republican nomination for president of the United States in 2008. He repeatedly talked about his mayoral achievements, losing the attention of many supporters.<ref>"A Biography Of Mayor Rudolph W. Giuliani" The City of New York Office of the Mayor [http://www.nyc.gov/html/records/rwg/html/bio.html]; See also[http://www.time.com/time/poy2001/ "Time's 2001 Person of the Year Rudy Giuliani"]</ref> After the [[John McCain]] campaign apparently collapsed in mid 2007, Giuliani took the lead in national polls until December 2007, when he began to fall behind other candidates.<ref>http://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/2008/president/us/republican_presidential_nomination-192.html#polls</ref>

Downplaying his liberal views on abortion, gun control, homosexual and immigration, Giuliani emphasized his heroic leadership of New York City after 9-11, as well as his cutting crime in the city and his hard-line stance against terrorism. Although he campaigned vigorously, he was so focused on his own record in New York that he did not make contact with what the voters were interested in. Worse, he could not shake off charges of corruption. He lost most of his support in the last two months of 2007. He won only 3.5% of voters in Iowa; 8.5% in New Hampshire; 2.8% in Michigan; 4.3% in Nevada and 2.1% in South Carolina. Pulling out of other states, he concentrated all his efforts in a losing battle for Florida, where he ran third with a mere 15%. Analysts noted the more voters saw of Giuliani, the fewer supported him.<ref>Matthew Continetti, "The Giuliani Implosion: From frontrunner to also-ran in eight short weeks," [http://weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/014/584edbsw.asp ''The Weekly Standard'' Jan. 21, 2008]; Justin Wolfers, "How Rudy's Bet Went Wrong," [http://online.wsj.com/article/SB120111080410210391.html?mod=rss_Politics_And_Policy ''Wall Street Journal'' Jan. 23, 2008]; Michael Powell and Michael Cooper, "For Giuliani, a Dizzying Free-Fall", [http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/30/us/politics/30giuliani.html?ref=politics ''New York Times'' Jan. 30, 2008]</ref>

[[Image:Rudy2.jpg|thumb|475px|Horsey editorial cartoon shows social conservative dismay regarding Giuliani's morals; March 23, 2007]]
He left the race after Florida and endorsed McCain. When McCain was nominated Giuliani criss-crossed the country speaking on his behalf.

==Political Views==
Rudy Giuliani is known for having liberal positions on social issues such as [[abortion]], [[gun control]] and [[gay rights]], while conservative positions on national defense and fiscal policy.

Giuliani supports "responsible" restrictions on abortion such as parental notification with a judicial bypass and a ban on [[partial birth abortion]] – except when the life of the mother is at stake. However, In 1997 Giuliani said that then - President [[Bill Clinton]] made the right decision when he vetoed a ban on partial birth abortion. During his 2000 Senate campaign he said that he would "vote to preserve the option for women." Giuliani has also given six contributions to [[Planned Parenthood]] in the 1990s. The payments, totaling $900, were made in 1993, 1994, 1998 and 1999. Planned Parenthood is one of the top abortion advocates and abortion providers in the [[United States]].

Giuliani has changed his views on guns over time. As mayor of New York City, he was a proponent of urban gun control, but, while running for President, has stated that he thinks differently about more mid-west environments. As Mayor of New York, Giuliani became a nationally visible figure in favor of gun control measures, beginning with an appearance on [[Meet the Press]] in late 1993. He was in favor of the 1993 Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act and the 1994 Federal Assault Weapons Ban. In 1995, Giuliani called member's of the [[National Rifle Association]] "extremists." And that anti-gun control positions of many Republicans are "terrible for America."

Although Rudy Giuliani does not support same-sex marriage, he does support "domestic partnerships" that provide stability for Americans who are in non-traditional relationships.

Giuliani is known as a staunch conservative on national security. He has supported [[President]] [[George W. Bush]]'s tactic of using domestic surveillance and strongly supports completing the mission in [[Iraq]] and hunting for [[terrorists]] and insurgents. Giuliani was described by [[Newsweek]] magazine in January of 2007 as "one of the most consistent cheerleaders for the president’s handling of the war in Iraq."

On economic policy, conservative economist [[George Will]] said of Rudy Giuliani's two terms as mayor, "the most successful episode of conservative governance of the last 50 years. <ref>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yjS-MVp-j9k</ref> He has received praise from fiscal conservatives for his advocacy of lower taxes and less government bureaucracy.

In February 2015, Giuliani gave comments which criticized [[Barack Hussein Obama]]'s policies and declared Obama "doesn't love America".

==Bibliography==
* Polner, Robert, and Jimmy Breslin, eds. ''America's Mayor, America's President?: The Strange Career of Rudy Giuliani'' (2007) Hostile essays. These authors catalogue mayor's vindictiveness, pettiness, totalitarian approach to governing, and his tight control of information and the press.[http://www.amazon.com/Americas-Mayor-President-Strange-Giuliani/dp/1933368942/ref=pd_bbs_3?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1208716844&sr=8-3cerpt and text search]
* Siegel, Fred, and Harry Siegel. ''The Prince of the City: Giuliani, New York and the Genius of American Life'' (2005), analytical and academic study in-depth [http://www.amazon.com/Prince-City-Giuliani-Genius-American/dp/1594030847/ref=pd_bbs_3?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1208717030&sr=8-3 excerpt and text search]

==References==
<references/>

{{DEFAULTSORT:Guiliani, Rudolph}}
[[Category:United States Mayors]]
[[Category:New York City]]
[[category:crime]]
[[Category:2008 Presidential Candidates]]
[[Category:Fiscal Conservatives]]
[[Category:Republicans]]
[[Category:Mayors]]
[[Category:The 100 Americans The Left Hates Most]]
[[Category:Cafeteria Christians]]
[[Category:Abortion Advocates]]

Neoconservatism

2016-02-02T00:53:42Z

Renan Jackson: Undo revision 1195734 by Renan Jackson (talk)

A '''neoconservative''' (also spelled "neo-conservative"; colloquially, '''''neocon''''') in American politics is someone presented as a [[conservative]] but who actually favors big government, interventionalism, and a hostility to religion in politics and government. The word means "newly conservative," and thus formerly [[liberal]]. A neocon is a [[RINO Backer]], and like RINOs does not accept most of the important principles in the Republican Party platform. '''''Neocons do not participate in the [[March for Life]], stand up for traditional marriage, or advocate other [[conservative]] social values'''''. Neocons support attacking and even overthrowing foreign governments, despite how that often results in more persecution of Christians. Some neocons (like [[Dick Cheney]]) have profited immensely from the military-industrial complex.

The centerpiece of neocon strategy was to invade in [[Iraq]], which resulted in the murder of many [[Christian]]s there, and the ultimate collapse into mayhem of that entire nation in 2014.

==Description==
Many older neocons had been liberals in their youth and admired President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]], while younger neocons are more economically conservative than Roosevelt but like to downplay the social issues. In 2010 the highest priority of the neoconservatives was to increase military action by the [[United States]] in the [[Middle East]] and [[Afghanistan]], and to expand it to an American confrontation against [[Iran]]; in 2011 their goals include supporting a military attack on [[Libya]], continuing the [[Afghanistan War]] indefinitely, and even suggesting military action against [[Syria]]. There is a revolving door between some neocons and highly paid positions in the defense industry, which may explain the constant neoconservative demands for more wars.

In the European nations of [[Britain]] and [[France]], neoconservatives dominate right-leaning politics, but in the United States neocons are less influential than the [[conservative movement]]. For example, neocons begrudgingly supported [[Mitt Romney]] as the Republican nominee for [[Presidential Election 2012|President in 2012]], even though he was not their first choice and Romney has never supported the neocon agenda.

Neoconservatives tend to oppose the appointment of social conservatives to high governmental positions, such as nomination to the [[U.S. Supreme Court]]. Neoconservatives support candidates who are liberal on social issues instead.

Neoconservatives favor expensive foreign interventionalism with massive federal spending, often to replace a dictator with a new system of government that may be worse. Sometimes this is expressed as a desire to install a democracy in a culture that may be incompatible with it. The neoconservative position was discredited in the failure of democracy in the Iranian elections of 2009.

The neoconservative movement emerged in the mid 1970s, played a limited role in the [[Ronald Reagan]] Administration, and then had a voice in the Defense Department under the [[George W. Bush]] Administration after [[9/11]]. Candidates favored by neoconservatives for [[presidential election 2012|president in 2012]] include [[Newt Gingrich]], [[Mike Huckabee]], [[Mike Pence]] and, to a lesser extent because she pulls support away from those candidates, [[Sarah Palin]].

Some prominent spokesmen include [[Bill Kristol]], [[Paul Wolfowitz]], [[Lewis Libby]], [[Norman Podhoretz]], [[Charles Krauthammer]], [[Richard Perle]], [[Robert Kagan]], [[Christopher Hitchens]], [[Bernard Lewis]], [[Stephen Schwartz]], Elliott Abrams, Ben Wattenberg and Carl Gershman.

In contrast to traditional conservatives, neoconservatives favor [[globalism]], downplay religious issues and differences, are unlikely to actively oppose [[abortion]] and [[homosexuality]]. Neocons disagree with [[conservatives]] on issues such as classroom prayer, the [[separation of powers]], cultural unity, and [[immigration]]. Neocons favor a strong active state in world affairs.

On foreign policy, neoconservatives believe that democracy can and should be installed by the [[United States]] around the world, even in Muslim countries such as [[Iraq]], [[Iran]], and [[Saudi Arabia]].

Neoconservatives were prominent in the [[George W. Bush]] administration by supporting an interventionist domestic policy they called 'compassionate conservatism' and a strong foreign policy, and especially favored the [[Operation Iraqi Freedom|Iraq War]] and its efforts to spread democracy worldwide.

==Dual origins==
[[Image:Kris.gif|thumb|right|Irving Kristol was dubbed by many as "the Godfather" of Neo-conservatism]]
One major strand of Neoconservatism emerged from a group of New York intellectuals, many of whom attended City College of New York in the late 1930s, a group that includes [[Irving Kristol]], [[Daniel Bell]], [[Seymour Martin Lipset]] and [[Nathan Glazer]].<ref>[http://www.amazon.com/Neoconservative-Revolution-Jewish-Intellectuals-Shaping/dp/0521836565/ref=sr_1_3/102-2076504-6567320?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1175142752&sr=8-3 The Neoconservative Revolution: Jewish Intellectuals and the Shaping of Public Policy, Murray Friedman, 2005]</ref> Many of this group came to despise the counterculture of the 1960s and what they felt was a growing "[[anti-Americanism]]" among many baby boomers. During the [[Cold War]] era, most vigorously opposed the Stalinist regime.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/19/magazine/neo.html?pagewanted=1&ei=5090&en=4126fa38fefd80de&ex=1298005200 After Neoconservatism, February 19, 2006]</ref> Kristol described a neoconservative as a '''"liberal mugged by reality"'''.

Paleoconservatives, who dislike Neoconservatism intensely, have argued that it emerged from [[Trotskyite]] theories, especially the notion of permanent revolution. There are four fundamental flaws in the paleoconservatives' attack: most of the neoconservatives were never Trotskyites; none of them ever subscribed to the right-wing Socialism of Max Shachtman; the assertion that neoconservatives subscribe to "inverted Trotskyism" is misleading; and neoconservatives advocate democratic globalism, not permanent revolution.<ref>William F. King, "Neoconservatives and 'Trotskyism'" ''American Communist History'' 2004 3(2): 247-266 online at [[EBSCO]]</ref>

===Strauss===
A second main line of development of neoconservatism was strongly influenced by the work of German-American political philosopher [[Leo Strauss]]. Some of Strauss' students include Supreme Court nominee [[Robert Bork]], former Deputy Secretary of Defense [[Paul Wolfowitz]], former Assistant Secretary of State [[Alan Keyes]], former Secretary of Education [[William Bennett]], ''Weekly Standard'' editor [[William Kristol]], political philosopher [[Allan Bloom]], former New York Post editorials editor [[John Podhoretz]], former National Endowment for the Humanities Deputy Chairman [[John T. Agresto]]; politial scientist [[Harry V. Jaffa]]; and [[Nobel Prize]] winning novelist [[Saul Bellow]].

== Values ==
Neoconservatives also tend to minimize or overlook the significance of religious beliefs in conflicts and policies, as in advocating the installation of democracy in [[Muslim]] countries with little regard for Islamic beliefs and practices.

Neoconservatives hold an idealistic belief in social progress and the universality of [[human rights]], coupled with anti-Communism. They hold the view that there is a universal desire to live in a technologically advanced and prosperous society and liberal democracy is one of the byproducts of such modernization.

== Publications ==
The leading publications of neoconservatives since the 1970s have been [[Commentary]], [[The Public Interest]] (founded by Daniel Bell and Irving Kristol) and [[The Weekly Standard]]. Many Washington think tanks, such as the [[American Enterprise Institute]] (AEI), the [[Project For New American Century]] (PNAC), Jewish Institute for National Security Affairs (JINSA) and Henry Jackson Society are now dominated by neoconservatives.

== Social Issues ==
[[Image:Wolfowitz.jpg|thumb|right|180px|As Deputy Secretary of Defense 2001-4, [[Paul Wolfowitz]] was a prominent advocate of neocon foreign policy ideas in the George W. Bush administration, especially the "[[Bush Doctrine]]."]]
Neoconservatives positions on social issues are mixed with some holding to [[liberal]] positions on social matters, and are unlikely to agree with religious conservatives on issues like abortion, prayer in school and same-sex marriage. Other neoconservatives of the Straussian type tend to have greater degrees of agreement with religious and cultural conservatives on social issues. Neoconservatives differ from libertarians in that neoconservatives tend to support [[Big government]] policies to further their objectives, and to support Bush's 2001 [[Patriot act]].

Neoconservatives often describe themselves as "conservative". [[William Kristol]], a leading neoconservative, described himself as the "token conservative" when he taught at [[Harvard University]]'s [[Kennedy School of Government]].<ref>http://www.dailyprincetonian.com/archives/2003/03/12/news/7602.shtml</ref>

In anticipation of vacancies on the [[U.S. Supreme Court]], the neoconservatives urged on Bush the selection of [[Michael McConnell]], a [[libertarian]]-leaning jurist, and [[J. Michael Luttig]], who declared ''[[Roe v. Wade]]'' to be "super-stare decisis"<ref>http://althouse.blogspot.com/2005/07/arlen-specter-makes-up-term.html</ref> and later left the judiciary to become general counsel of Boeing.<ref>http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/05/10/AR2006051000929.html</ref> Both were passed over in filling the vacancies and both left the judiciary entirely after missing their best chance for being appointed to the Supreme Court passed.

The term was coined by Socialist party leader [[Michael Harrington]] to describe the rightward turn of onetime liberals, and it was proudly accepted first by Irving Kristol then by most of the others.

==See also==
*[[Nationalism]]
*[[Right-wing dictatorship]]
* [[George W. Bush]]
* [[Dick Cheney]]
* [[Donald Rumsfeld]]
* [[John Bolton]]
* [[Bill Kristol]]
* [[Irving Kristol]]
* [[Permanent Revolution]], a Troyskite idea that Neocons do ''not'' accept
* [[Norman Podhoretz]]
* [[Leo Strauss]]
* [[Lionel Trilling]], a major literary critic who influenced many neocons
* [[Paul Wolfowitz]], a powerful #2 under [[Donald Rumsfeld]] in the Defense Department in 2001-4, advocated invasion of Iraq

==Further reading==
* Bloom, Allan. ''The Closing of the American Mind'' (1988)
* Dorrien, Gary. ''The Neoconservative Mind,'' (1993)
* Friedman, Murray. ''The Neoconservative Revolution: Jewish Intellectuals and the Shaping of Public Policy''. (2006) [http://www.amazon.com/Neoconservative-Revolution-Jewish-Intellectuals-Shaping/dp/0521545013/ref=sr_1_5?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1241491052&sr=8-5 excerpt and text search].
* Fu kuyama, Francis. ''America at the Crossroads: Democracy, Power, and the Neoconservative Legacy,'' (2006)
* Gerson, Mark. ''The Neoconservative Vision: From the Cold War to Culture Wars '' (1997)
* Halper, Stefan and Jonathan Clarke. ''America Alone: The Neo-Conservatives and the Global Order'' (2004) [http://www.amazon.com/America-Alone-Neo-Conservatives-Global-Order/dp/0521674603/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1255319175&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]* Heilbrun, Jacob. ''They Knew They Were Right: The Rise of the Neocons'' (2009) [http://www.amazon.com/They-Knew-Were-Right-Neocons/dp/140007620X/ref=sr_1_9?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1241491052&sr=8-9 excerpt and text search]
* Murray, Douglas. ''Neoconservatism: Why We Need It'' (2006)
* Steinfels, Peter. ''The Neoconservatives: The Men Who Are Changing America's Politics.'' (1979)
*Stelzer, Irwin. ''Neo-conservatism'' (2004)
===Primary sources===
* Demuth, Christopher, and William Kristol, eds. ''The Neoconservative Imagination: Essays in Honor of Irving Kristol'' (1995) [http://www.amazon.com/Neoconservative-Imagination-Essays-Irving-Kristol/dp/0844738999/ref=sr_1_18?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1241491256&sr=1-18 excerpt and text search]
* Gerson, Mark ed., ''The Essential Neo-Conservative Reader'' (1997))
* Kristol, Irving. ''Neoconservatism: the Autobiography of an Idea'' (1999) [http://www.amazon.com/Neo-conservatism-Autobiography-Idea-Irving-Kristol/dp/1566632285/ref=sr_1_10?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1241491185&sr=1-10 excerpt and text search]
* Stelzer, Irwin, ed. ''The NeoCon Reader'' (2005) [http://www.amazon.com/Neocon-Reader-Irwin-Stelzer/dp/0802141935/ref=sr_1_4?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1241491185&sr=1-4 excerpt and text search]

==External links==
*[http://www.opinionjournal.com/federation/feature/?id=110010684 Neoconservatism's Future: It's still the only game in town], Joshua Muravchik, OpinionJournal.com, October 3, 2007. From ''[[Commentary]]''.
*[http://www.henryjacksonsociety.org/ The Henry Jackson Society]
*[http://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/003/000tzmlw.asp The Neoconservative Persuasion by Irving Kristol]

== References ==
<references/>

[[Category:Neoconservative]]
[[Category:Conservatives]]
[[Category:Reagan Era]]
[[Category:Afghanistan War]]
[[Category:1980s]]

Neoconservatism

2016-02-02T00:52:54Z

Renan Jackson:

Ron Paul

2016-02-02T00:51:29Z

Renan Jackson:

{{Officeholder
|name = Ron Paul
|image = Ron Paul photo 2007.jpg
|party = [[Republican]] (former [[Libertarian Party|Libertarian]])
|spouse = Carolyn Wells
|religion = [[Southern Baptist]]
|offices =
{{Officeholder/representative
|state = Texas
|district =14th
|terms = January 3, 1997 - January 3, 2013
|preceded = Greg Laughlin
|succeeded = Randy Weber
}}
{{Officeholder/representative
|state = Texas
|district = 22nd
|terms = January 3, 1979 – January 3, 1985
|preceded = Robert Gammage
|succeeded = Tom DeLay
}}
{{Officeholder/representative
|state = Texas
|district = 22nd
|terms = April 3, 1976 – January 3, 1977
|preceded = Robert Casey
|succeeded = Robert Gammage
}}
}}

'''Ronald Ernest "Ron" Paul''' (born August 20, 1935) is a [[conservative]] [[libertarian]] [[Republican]] 10th-term congressman, a former Air Force Flight Surgeon, a physician (M.D.) a candidate for the Republican Party's nomination in 2008 and 2012, and actor.<ref>In 1988 Ron Paul was the Libertarian Party nominee for President of the United States.</ref> He is from the U.S. state of [[Texas]]. As a [[Republican Party|Republican]], he has represented Texas's 14th congressional district in the [[United States House of Representatives|U.S. House of Representatives]] since 1997, and had previously served as the representative from Texas's 22nd district in 1976 and from 1979 to 1985. He retired from Congress at the end of 2012.

In 2009 he has attracted over 300 votes for his bipartisan proposal to subject the [[Federal Reserve]] to unprecedented scrutiny by allowing the Government Accountability Office to audit all central bank operations, including its decisions on interest rates, lending to individual banks and transactions with foreign central banks. He has a separate bill to abolish the Fed altogether. (He is the lone sponsor.)

Ron Paul is an outspoken critic of [[neoconservatives]] and their interventionist foreign policy.

In Congress he has proposed doing away with personal income taxes, federal antitrust laws and the minimum wage. He advocated pulling the United States out of the United Nations, NATO and the International Monetary Fund.

Ron Paul advocates letting states decide how to handle social issues. He supports anti-federalism and therefore wants to leave the issues of same-sex marriage, abortion, and other social issues up to the decision of individual states. Dr. Paul has consistently espoused the pro-life position.

Paul will make his acting debut in the third installment of the ''[[Atlas Shrugged]]'' film series titled "Who is John Galt?"
==Paleolibertarian==
Paul is a [[pro-life]] states' rights [[libertarian]], also known as a [[paleolibertarianism|paleolibertarian]]. [[paleolibertarianism|Paleolibertarians]] advocate a limited role of government as well as supporting low taxes, free markets, strict construction of the [[U.S. Constitution]], and a return to monetary policies based on commodity-backed currency. He has earned the nickname "Dr. No" for voting against any bill he believes violates the Constitution. In the words of former Treasury Secretary William Simon, Paul is the "one exception to the Gang of 535" on Capitol Hill. He has never voted to raise taxes or congressional pay. He has always voted against the [[USA PATRIOT Act]], the [[Military Commissions Act of 2006]], and the [[Iraq War]].

==Congressional record==
Ron Paul is noted for his authorship of the We the People Act, an act which removed the ability of the US Supreme Court to hear cases involving discrimination based on sexual orientation or religion. He is also noted for submitting several bills banning [[abortion]], and somewhat controversially was the only person to oppose the Darfur Divestment Act of 2007, a bill which disallowed the US government, corporations, and individuals from sending money to or doing business with the janjaweed rebel group of the Sudan.

== Early life and education ==

Dr. Ron Paul was born in [[Pittsburgh]], Pennsylvania to Howard Caspar Paul and Margaret Paul.<ref>http://dailypaul.com/node/53</ref><ref>http://www.wargs.com/political/paul.html</ref> He graduated from Dormont High School in Dormont, Pennsylvania, in 1953. Paul attended Gettysburg College, receiving his [[Bachelor of Arts]] degree in 1957, and the [[Duke University School of Medicine]], receiving [[Doctor of Medicine|M.D.]] in 1961. He did his [[internship]] and [[Residency (medicine)|residency]] at [[Henry Ford Hospital]] in [[Detroit]], Michigan, from 1961 to 1962, and was a [[flight surgeon]] in the [[United States Air Force]] from 1963 to 1968. He and his wife Carol moved to Texas in 1968, where he began his medical practice in Brazoria County. As a specialist in [[obstetrics]]/[[gynecology]], Dr. Paul has delivered more than 4,000 babies. He and Carol, who reside in Lake Jackson, Texas, are the proud parents of five children and have seventeen grandchildren.

Paul is a Baptist.

==Political affiliations and support==
Although a Republican, Paul remains on good terms with the [[Libertarian Party]] and addressed its national convention as recently as 2004.<ref>[http://www.theadvocates.org/liberator/vol-09-num-10.htm Liberator online archive] on Advocates for self-governing accessed at March 4, 2007</ref>

Paul served as the honorary chairman of and is a current member of the [[Republican Liberty Caucus]], a political action organization dedicated to promoting the ideals of individual rights, limited government and free enterprise within the Republican Party.<ref>[http://fl.rlc.org/ Republican Liberty Caucus of Florida] accessed at March 4, 2007</ref>

Unlike many political candidates, Paul receives the overwhelming majority of his campaign contributions (96.8% in 2005-2006), from individuals. <ref>http://www.opensecrets.org/politicians/summary.asp?CID=N00005906&cycle=2006/</ref>

Paul has also founded the organization [[Institute for Peace and Prosperity]], which was criticized for it support of [[Barack Hussein Obama]]. A member of this Institute [[Eric Margolis]] compard Tea Partiers with Nazis.<ref>http://frontpagemag.com/2013/dgreenfield/ron-pauls-board-includes-obama-lover-and-terrorist-supporter-who-compared-tea-party-to-nazis/</ref>

==Political Views==

Paul wants to "reinstate the [[United States Constitution|Constitution]] and restore the [[Republic]]." He rejects a [[welfare state]] or [[nanny state]] role for the federal government, and advocates a strong [[non-interventionism|non-interventionist]] [[foreign policy]].

He voted against the [[Iraq War]] in 2002 and has offered alternatives such as granting the President authority to grant [[Letters of Marque and Reprisal]], and arming [[pilot]]s. He is the only Republican presidential candidate to have voted against the Iraq War.

Paul's desire to secure U.S. borders remains a key topic in his 2008 presidential campaign. He opposes the [[North American Union]] proposition and its proposed integration of Mexico, the United States of America, and Canada. Paul voted "yes" on the [[Secure Fence Act of 2006]], which authorizes the construction of an additional 700 miles of double-layered fencing between the U.S and Mexico. Paul opposes illegal immigration as well as amnesty for illegal immigrants.

In the May 3, 2007 GOP Debate, Ron Paul stated that as President, he would seek the immediate abolition of the [[Internal Revenue Service|IRS]] and the abolition of the income tax. As Congressman, he has long fought for the [[Article_One_of_the_United_States_Constitution#Section_9:_Limits_on_Congress|prohibition of direct taxes]] by repeal of the [[16th Amendment to the United States Constitution|16th Amendment]] which created the [[income tax]]. Ron Paul supports a return to the [[gold]] standard of currency particularly newer theorized pure strain gold.

On March 5, 2008, Ron Paul was the only member of the house to vote against a bill "Condemning the ongoing Palestinian rocket attacks on Israeli civilians, and for other purposes"<ref>http://clerk.house.gov/evs/2008/roll093.xml FINAL VOTE RESULTS FOR ROLL CALL 93</ref><ref>http://pressmediawire.com/article.cfm?articleID=18214 Congressman Ron Paul's Statement on Gaza Bill</ref>

Paul supported [[WikiLeaks]]<ref>http://wlcentral.org/node/479</ref> and the legalization of [[Cannabis]].

Paul is a defender of [[Homeschooling]].<ref>http://www.ronpaul.com/2013-09-09/ron-paul-the-homeschooling-revolution/</ref>

=== On [[Libyan War|Libyan civil war]] ===

<blockquote>
Why did the US intervene in a civil war in a country that has neither attacked us nor poses a threat? We are told this was another humanitarian intervention, like Clinton’s 1999 war against Serbia. But as civilian victims of the US-led coalition bombing continue to add up, it is getting difficult to determine whether the problem we are creating on the ground is worse than the one we were trying to solve. [http://www.ronpaul.com/2011-03-28/ron-paul-end-the-libyan-war/]
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
Michael Scheuer, former head of the CIA’s Bin Laden unit, explained in a recent article that there is plausible reason to believe the rebels are current or former Islamist mujahedin, eager to engage in jihad. Indeed, Gaddafi has fought against Libyan Islamists for years and is seen by them as a bitter enemy. Astoundingly, it may well be that we are assisting Al-Qaeda in this new war! [[Ibidem]]
</blockquote>

==2008 Presidential Campaign==

Paul formally declared his candidacy for the 2008 Presidential election on 12 March, 2007 as a guest on [[Washington Journal]] on [[C-SPAN]].<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.mysanantonio.com/news/metro/stories/MYSA031207.paul2008.EN.74141d9.html | title = Paul formally launches presidential bid | first = Gary | last = Martin | work = San Antonio Express-News | accessdate = 2007-03-13}}</ref> <ref>[http://chbn.com/Clip.aspx?key=1CD9E3A0397BCBEC Ron Paul announcing candidacy on C-SPAN]</ref>. In regards to his candidacy, he had a 30-minute interview with online political analyst [[James Kotecki]] regarding foreign policy, Congress and the Constitution, and personal liberties. <ref>[http://www.youtube.com/jameskotecki James Kotecki interviews Ron Paul]</ref>

Paul participated (along with nine other Republican presidential candidates) in the [[Ronald Reagan Presidential Library]]'s 2008 Republican Presidential Candidates Debate on May 3, 2007. Ron Paul finished first in the MSNBC poll following the GOP primary debate with 43 percent -- beating second place [[Mitt Romney]] by 5 percentage points.[http://www.ronpaul2008.typepad.com/]

Paul seemed to have dropped slightly in the polls that followed the second Republican debate in Columbia, South Carolina, to 25 percent. This was probably as a result of his suggestion that weekly bombing of [[Iraq]] following [[Operation Desert Fox]] in December 1998 may have contributed sufficiently to [[Arab]] anger at the United States as to make the [[September 11, 2001 attacks|September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks]] inevitable. Paul was excoriated by [[Rudy Giuliani]], who said that this was the most bizarre explanation for the attacks he had ever heard. Other Republican commentators sought to explain Paul's continued strength in post-debate polls as the result of multiple votes by his supporters or voting by non-Republicans. In response to Rudy Giuliani, the next day at the National Press Club, Ron Paul offered Rudy a book list to read regarding the issue of American foreign policy. These books are ''Imperial Hubris'' by Michael Scheuer, ''Dying to Win'' by Robert Pape, ''Blowback'' by Chalmers Johnson, and ''The 9-11 Commission Report'' by the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks.

Eric Dondero, a former Ron Paul staffer, declared himself a candidate against Paul in the 2008 Republican primary election to represent the 14th District of Texas in Congress. Dondero (called "Dumbdero" by [[libertarians]]) dropped out shortly thereafter. Considering the trouncing Paul ended up giving to [[Chris Peden]] in the 2008 Republican congressional primary, it was likely for the better.

Paul has garnered large amounts of support from activists, particularly on the [[Internet]]. Many have come up with creative ways to campaign for their candidate. For example, some Paul supporters, who are not officially affiliated with his campaign, purchased a blimp to fly overhead with the phrases "Who is Ron Paul? Google Ron Paul" and "Ron Paul Revolution". <ref>http://www.ronpaulblimp.com/</ref> The [[neo-Nazi]] organization [[Stormfront]] also provided [[widget]]s on its internet site to enable people to electronically donate cash to Paul's campaign. Stormfront's founder, former [[Ku Klux Klan]] member Don Black, also gave financial support to Paul's campaign.<ref>[http://lonestartimes.com/2007/10/25/rpb1/ Lone Star Times] 25 October 2007. Retrieved 24 July 2008.</ref>

He dropped out of the race on June 12, 2008, but will keep spreading his [[message]] by working to help elect [[Libertarianism|libertarian-leaning]] Republicans to [[public]] office around the [[United States of America|U.S.]] <ref>[http://elections.foxnews.com/2008/06/12/ron-paul-ends-campaign-will-shift-gears/
Ron Paul Ends Campaign, Will ‘Shift Gears’], [[Associated Press]], ''[[Fox News Channel|Fox News]]'', June 12, 2008</ref>

=== Possible Campaign censorship by the Media ===

Fox News has frequently excluded Ron Paul from its programs, even in at least one case removing him from Iowa Straw Poll results. Fox News' results left out Paul (as well as [[Tom Tancredo]]), even though they scored 9.1% and 13.7%, respectively.

=== Straw Poll results ===

Ron Paul was recently established as the most frequent winner of Straw Poll.

==2012 Presidential Campaign==
As 2012 approached, there was speculation as to whether Paul would run as a Republican candidate or a third party candidate. This was in the context of a larger struggle within the Republican Party between an emerging [[Tea Party]] element and a more moderate Republican establishment. Paul had gained a dedicated following among the Tea Party, idealistic young people and libertarians, and needed to translate that support into an effective Presidential campaign. Paul also had to navigate between the expectations of his supporters, his strategic objectives and the possibilities that the Republican establishment could harm the future career of his son, Senator [[Rand Paul]].

Leading up to the campaign, Paul appeared in the 2010 [[Conservative Political Action Conference]] (CPAC) straw poll. Paul won the poll, defeating Mitt Romney, who had won it the previous three years.<ref name=CPAC>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2010/POLITICS/02/20/conservatives.meeting/index.html |title=Rep. Ron Paul surprise winner of CPAC presidential straw poll |publisher=CNN |date=February 21, 2010| accessdate=September 18, 2012}}</ref> Paul also won the 2011 CPAC straw poll with 30 percent of the vote. Following that, he also won the paid, online Arizona Tea Party Patriots straw poll on February 28, 2011 with 49% of the vote.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-503544_162-20037196-503544.html |title=Ron Paul and Herman Cain lead the pack in Tea Party Patriots straw poll |publisher=CBS News |accessdate=September 18, 2012 | date=February 28, 2011}}</ref>

In February 2011, Paul asked supporters to donate to his Liberty Political Action Committee to fund trips to explore a possible 2012 presidential candidacy.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.libertypac.com/2011/02/23/dr-paul-thanks-grassroots-for-president%E2%80%99s-day-money-bomb/ |title=Dr. Paul Thanks Grassroots for President's Day Money Bomb |publisher=Liberty.pac |accessdate=Septmeber 18, 2012| date=February 22, 2011}}</ref> On April 14, 2011, Paul's spokesman, Jesse Benton, announced that Paul had formed a "testing-the-waters" organization, stating, "He remains undecided on what his plans will be, but as a final decision draws closer, his team has put the pieces in place for him to flip a switch and hit the ground running if he decides to run for president."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/04/14/ron-paul-2012-presidential-exploratory_n_849144.html |title=Ron Paul 2012 Presidential 'Testing The Waters' Organization Launches |work=The Huffington Post|accessdate=September 18, 2012 |date=April 14, 2011 |first=Elyse |last=Siegel}}</ref> Paul announced the formation of an [[exploratory committee]] in [[Des Moines, Iowa|Des Moines]], [[Iowa]] on April 26 aimed at seeking the Republican presidential nomination.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/42770196/ns/politics-decision_2012/ |title= Ron Paul kicks off exploratory committee for 2012 bid |publisher=msnbc.com |accessdate=September 18, 2012 | date=April 26, 2011}}</ref><ref name=thehill>{{cite news |url=http://thehill.com/blogs/ballot-box/gop-presidential-primary/157817-ron-paul-officially-announces-2012-exploratory-committee |title=Ron Paul officially announces 2012 presidential exploratory committee |work=The Hill|accessdate=September 18, 2012 | date=April 26, 2011}}</ref> On May 5, 2011, Paul participated in a debate in [[Greenville, South Carolina]] sponsored by Fox News with four other possible Republican candidates.<ref name=election-news>{{cite web | url=http://uselectionnews.org/foxsc-debate-features-just-5-of-2012-gop/853203/ | title=FOX/SC Debate Features Just 5 of 2012 GOP | author=Taylor, Alexandra | date=May 5, 2011 | accessdate=September 18, 2012}}</ref>

On May 13, 2011, in [[Exeter, New Hampshire]], Paul announced his decision to seek the Republican nomination in the 2012 election on [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]]'s ''[[Good Morning America]]'' program.<ref>[http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2011/05/13/breaking-rep-ron-paul-announces-third-bid-for-presidency/ Rep. Ron Paul announces candidacy for president]. CNN. May 13, 2011, Retrieved September 18, 2012.</ref> On July 12, 2011, Paul announced that he will not seek another term as the Representative of Texas's 14th District to focus on his presidential campaign.<ref>{{cite web|author=Dave Cook |url=http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/The-Vote/2011/0712/Ron-Paul-says-he-s-all-in-for-the-presidency-won-t-run-again-for-Congress |title=Ron Paul says he's all in for the presidency, won't run again for Congress |work=Christian Science Monitor|date=July 12, 2011 |accessdate=September 18, 2012}}</ref>

Under Republican Party rules, delegates were selected in proportion to the results of state by state primaries. The actual delegates were to be selected at either a Congressional District or state-wide caucus or convention based upon the primary results. (In earlier times, delegates were either chosen by party leaders or awarded on a "winner-take-all" basis to the candidate that received the most votes in a particular state.) Although delegates to the convention were "pledged" to vote for a particular candidate on just the first ballot, the delegate was free to vote for anyone on later ballots and could vote independently on other questions such as the [[party platform]]. By organizing people to vote in local caucuses or volunteering to serve as delegates in Congressional district conventions, the Paul campaign was able to elect its supporters as National Convention Delegates even though Mitt Romney had gained more votes in the primary of a particular state.

On May 14, 2012, Paul made a statement on the campaign's website that he would no longer be actively campaigning in remaining state primaries, but would instead continue his presidential bid by seeking to collect delegates at caucuses and state conventions for the [[Republican National Convention]] in August 2012.<ref>{{cite web|last=Paul|first=Ron|title=Ron Paul Statement on Campaign Going Forward|url=http://www.ronpaul2012.com/2012/05/14/ron-paul-statement-on-campaign-going-forward/|accessdate=September 18, 2012}}</ref> This left Mitt Romney as the only remaining candidate actively participating in the primaries.

In June 2012, a group of 132 Paul supporters filed a lawsuit in U.S. District Court against the [[Republican National Committee]] and 55 state and territorial Republican party organizations for allegedly coercing delegates to choose [[Mitt Romney]] as the party’s presidential nominee. The suit sought to give all delegates the right to vote for Paul on the first ballot, even if they were "pledged" to another candidate.<ref name=suit>{{cite news|last=Roth|first=Caroline|title=RNC Faces Suit from Paul Backers|url=http://www.nationaljournal.com/politics/rnc-faces-suit-from-paul-backers-20120619|accessdate=Septmeber 18, 2012|newspaper=National Journal|date=June 19, 2012}}</ref> The suit alleged that there had been "a systematic campaign of election fraud at state conventions," employing rigging of voting machines, ballot stuffing, and falsification of ballot totals. The suit further pointed to incidents at state conventions, including acts of violence and changes in procedural rules, allegedly intended to deny participation of Paul supporters in the party decision-making and to prevent votes from being cast for Paul. An attorney representing the plaintiffs said that Paul campaign advisor [[Doug Wead]] had supported the decision to sue.<ref name=suit/> Paul told [[CNN]] that although the lawsuit was not a part of his campaign’s strategy and that he had not been advising his supporters to sue, he was not going to tell his supporters not to sue, if they had a legitimate argument. “If they’re not following the rules, you have a right to stand up for the rules. I think for the most part these winning caucuses that we've been involved in we have followed the rules. And the other side has at times not followed the rules.”<ref name=CNNsuit>{{cite news|title=Ron Paul interview with Wolf Blitzer|url=http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/1206/19/sitroom.01.html|accessdate=September 18, 2012|newspaper=CNN (The Situation Room)|date=June 19, 2012}}</ref> Later that month, a Federal District Court judge dismissed the complaint,<ref>{{cite news|last=Reynolds|first=Matt|title=Try again, judge tells Ron Paul supporters|url=http://www.courthousenews.com/2012/08/09/49160.htm|newspaper=Courthouse News Service|date=August 9, 2012}}</ref> but the plaintiffs refiled it and it was pending at the time of the convention.

===2012 Republican Convention===
Because Romney won on the first ballot, the exact number of Paul delegates will never be known. However, Paul did receive 190 delegate votes at the convention.<ref>{{cite web|title=Complete 2012 RNC Delegate Roll Call Vote Results|url=http://ingotnews.com/post/30435195767/complete-2012-rnc-delegate-roll-call-vote-results|publisher=http://ingotnews.com|accessdate=September 18, 2012}}</ref>Because Paul did not gain at least a majority of the delegations of five states, his name was not formally placed into nomination, and he was not scheduled to speak at the convention. Instead, he organized a rally on the Sunday before the Convention at the [[University of South Florida]] Sun Dome for his delegates and supporters.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ronpaul2012.com/2012/08/21/ron-paul-pre-rnc-event-to-assemble-champions-of-constitutional-conservatism/|title =Ron Paul Pre-RNC Event to Assemble Champions of Constitutional Conservatism|publisher = ronpaul2012.com|accessdate=September 18, 2012}}</ref> Paul declined to endorse Romney - Ryan Republican ticket, saying that he was as yet undecided and leaving open the possibility that he would consider endorsing Libertarian candidate [[Gary Johnson]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Weinger|first=Mackenzie|title=Ron Paul: I'm an 'undecided' voter|url=http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0812/80301.html|newspaper=Politico|date=August 28, 2012}}</ref> His delegates sought to include a provision in the Republican Party platform for the auditing of the [[Federal Reserve]].

==Ron Paul Quotes==
* on Congressman [[Larry McDonald]], passenger on [[Korean Airlines Flight 007]], shot down by the Soviets near [[Moneron Island]] on Sept. 1, 1983 - "He was the most principled man in Congress"

==Telephone Hotline==
Ron Paul runs a toll-free [[telephone]] hotline with a recorded message of conservative commentary. It is updated every Monday. <ref>http://www.house.gov/paul/</ref>
==Criticism==
Despite being honest and consistent, many conservatives have problems with some of Ron Paul's views. He is anti-war, anti-Patriot Act, believes the [[War on Drugs]] should end, supports legalization of marijuana, supports stem cell research, opposes capital punishment, gave support for the Occupy "movement" (although he supported the Tea Party as well), is against corporate welfare, and is supported by many liberals. On the other hand, he opposes public healthcare, abortion, and welfare so remains popular with libertarians and some conservatives. (Source http://www.amnation.com/vfr/archives/018652.html)

==Books by Ron Paul==
* ''Challenge to Liberty''. Lake Jackson, Tex.: Foundation for Rational Economics and Education
* ''Gold, Peace, and Prosperity''. Lake Jackson, Tex.: Foundation for Rational Economics and Education
* ''Ten Myths About Paper Money''. Lake Jackson, Tex.: Foundation for Rational Economics and Education
* ''The Case for Gold''. Reprinted by the [[The Cato Institute|Cato Institute]], 1982; Ludwig von Mises Institute, 2007. ISBN 0-932790-31-3. ([http://www.mises.org/books/caseforgold.pdf])
* ''A Republic, If You Can Keep It''
* ''Mises and Austrian Economics: A Personal View''. Auburn, Ala.: [[Ludwig von Mises Institute]], 1984.
* ''Freedom Under Siege: The U.S. Constitution After 200 Years''. Lake Jackson, Tex.: Foundation for Rational Economics and Education, 1987. ([http://www.dailypaul.com/node/65] Book distributed with permission in 7 parts in pdf-format)
* ''A Foreign Policy of Freedom''. Lake Jackson, Tex.: Foundation for Rational Economics and Education, 2007. ISBN 0-912453-00-1
* ''The Revolution: A Manifesto'', Hachette Book Group USA, 2008. ISBN 978-0446537513

==Videos==
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=endscreen&NR=1&v=lQQ--ju7Vxk Ron Paul on [[Larry McDonald]]]

==References==
<references/>
* Gwynne, Sam (1 October, 2001). ''Texas Monthly''.
* Bernstein, Alan (May 23, 1996). “Newsletter excerpts offer ammunition to Paul's opponent; GOP hopeful quoted on race, crime”, ''The Houston Chronicle'', p. A33.
<references />
* "Ron Paul Background". Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life: Religion & Politics '08. Pew Research Center. September 2007. http://pewforum.org/religion08/profile.php?CandidateID=15. Retrieved on 2007-10-21.

==External Links==
===Official Sites and Publications===
* [http://www.ronpaul2008.com/ Official Ron Paul 2008 Presidential Campaign Site]
* [http://www.myspace.com/congressmanronpaul Ron Paul's MySpace page]
* [http://www3.webng.com/ronpaul Ron Paul Grassroots Campaign] 
* [http://antiwar.com/paul/archives.php Rep. Ron Paul's Column for Antiwar.com]
* [http://www.mediamonitors.net/ronpaul2.html Commentary by Rep. Paul on U.S. policy in the Middle East]
* [http://www.counterpunch.org/paul03182004.html The Broadcast Indecency Act, An Indecent Attack on the First Amendment] by Ron Paul
* [http://www.house.gov/paul/congrec/congrec2002/cr062702.htm Is America a Police State?], speech before the U.S. House of Representatives on June 27, 2002
* [http://www.youtube.com/user/rescueKAL007#p/c/FD3DE4F0642C350C/0/1c8v-kgLvhM Ron Paul's introduction to Video of Cong.[[Larry McDonald]] on ''Crossfire'' made a few months before Larry McDonald went down with [[Korean Airlines Flight 007]] brought down by the Soviet Union in 1983]

===Positions and Quotations===
* [http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Ron_Paul Quotes by Ron Paul on Wikiquote]
* [http://senate.ontheissues.org/Ron_Paul.htm On the Issues - Ron Paul] issue positions and quotes
* [http://vote-smart.org/bio.php?can_id=BC031929 Project Vote Smart - Ron Paul]
* [http://projects.washingtonpost.com/congress/members/p000583/ Voting record maintained by the Washington Post]
* [http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Ron_Paul SourceWatch Congresspedia - Ron Paul]
* [http://www.medicalmarijuanaprocon.org/BiosInd/Paul.htm Congressman Ron Paul and Medical Marijuana]
* "He was the most principled man in Congress" - On 2nd Chairman of [[John Birch Society]], Congressman [[Larry McDonald]] passenger on [[Korean Airlines Flight 007]] shot down by the Soviets on Sept. 1, 1983

===Third Party Sources about Ron Paul===
* [http://www.opensecrets.org/politicians/allsummary.asp?CID=N00005906 OpenSecrets.org - Congressional campaign contributions]
* [http://www.pbs.org/newshour/vote2008/primaries/candidates/paul.html Vote 2008: Ron Paul - Online NewsHour with Jim Lehrer]
* [http://herndon1.sdrdc.com/cgi-bin/can_detail/P80000748 Federal Election Commission - Presidential campaign contributions]
* [http://www.theadvocates.org/celebrities/ron-paul.html Advocates for Self-Government profile of Ron Paul]
* [http://www.virtuemag.org/articles/ron-paul Virtue Magazine Political profile of Ron Paul]
* [http://dailypaul.com/node/53 The American Dream - Through the Eyes of Mrs. Ron Paul] by Mrs. Ron Paul on TheDailyPaul.

===Articles and Editorials about Ron Paul===
* [http://www.321gold.com/editorials/taylor/taylor031706.html Congressman Ron Paul Talks About Gold, Oil & the Economy]
* [http://www.house.gov/paul/press/press2004/pr042104.htm National Taxpayers Union Honors Ron Paul as one of 29 Congressmen who are "Taxpayer's Friends"]

{{2008_presidential_candidates}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Paul, Ron}}
[[Category:United States Representatives]]
[[Category:2008 Presidential Candidates]]
[[Category:Republicans]]
[[Category:110th United States Congress]]
[[Category:Libertarianism]]
[[Category:The 100 Americans The Left Hates Most]]
[[Category:Texas]]
[[Category:2012 Presidential Candidates]]
[[Category:Pro Second Amendment]]
[[Category : Conservative Authors]]
[[Category : Libertarian Authors]]

Gary E. Johnson

2016-01-30T22:03:46Z

Renan Jackson:

{{Officeholder
|name=Gary E. Johnson
|image=Garyjohnson.jpg‎
|party=[[Libertarian]] (formerly [[Republican]])
|spouse=Dee Johnson (1977-2005) (divorced)
|religion=[[Lutheran]]
|offices=
{{Officeholder/governor
|state=New Mexico
|terms=January 1, 1995 – January 1, 2003
|preceded=[[Bruce King]]
|former=n
|succeeded=[[Bill Richardson]]
}}
}}

'''Gary Earl Johnson''' (born January 1, 1953) is an entrepreneur who served as the [[Republican]] [[Governor]] of [[New Mexico]] from 1995 through 2003. He graduated from the University of New Mexico at [[Albuquerque]] in 1975 and went on to launch his own business, Big J Enterprises, which became one of the most successful construction companies in New Mexico. In the [[2012 Presidential Election]] he was the nominee for the [[Libertarian Party]].

Johnson was elected Governor of New Mexico in 1994 and reelected in 1998, becoming the first governor in state history to serve two consecutive four-year terms. He is a triathlete and the first governor to compete in Hawaii's Ironman Triathlon.

As Governor he cut [[tax]]es 14 times (annually $123 million), vetoed over 750 bills (more than the other 49 governors combined), cut the rate of [[government]] growth in half, reduced [[welfare]] spending 30%, balanced the budget, eliminated the state's deficit, privatized half of the state prisons, was a national advocate for school vouchers. He increased the budget for the state's [[education]] system and signed a $1.2 billion highway improvement package to upgrade 500 miles of state roads. When he left office New Mexico had 1,200 fewer government employees. <ref>http://listentovon.com/Johnson%20For%20America/meetgary.php</ref> Johnson was called "the most [[fiscal conservative|fiscally conservative]] governor" during his two terms. <ref>http://www.garyjohnson2012.com/about</ref>

Johnson feels the Sixteenth Amendment (creating the Income Tax) should be repealed and replaced with the [[FairTax]] - a 23% national Sales Tax. He argues that this would close all loopholes, and, as the name implies, be "fair". Johnson has said that while there is no such thing as a "good tax", the FairTax is the "best of the worst".

Johnson's views on some issues are at odds with [[conservative]] values. For instance, Johnson is [[pro-choice]] regarding [[abortion]], although he supports overturning [[Roe v. Wade]]. He has said, "It should be a states issue to begin with, the criteria for a Supreme Court justice would be that those justices rule on the original intent of the constitution. Given that, it's my understanding that justice would overturn Roe v. Wade." Additionally, he earned high [[pro-life]] ratings as Governor of New Mexico by banning late-term abortions and requiring parental notification for minors. He also opposes all government funding for abortion (while as a Libertarian, he opposes government funding for almost everything, he considers this a specific point to mention).

Additionally, at first, Johnson opposed a government-mandated definition of marriage (either recognizing or refusing to recognize [[same-sex marriage]]s), saying "I think the government should be out of the marriage business and leave marriage to the churches." Instead, he supported [[civil union]]s for both same-sex and opposite-sex couples offering the same benefits currently granted to married couples, and felt it should be up to the churches and the private individuals to determine what is or isn't "marriage". However, during an online town hall meeting on December 2, 2011, Johnson announced that he had changed his view on the issue to support outright government recognition of both same-sex and opposite-sex marriages. <ref>[http://reason.com/blog/2011/12/02/gary-johnson-comes-out-in-favor-of-gay-m]</ref> Johnson would clarify that he did not see a difference between civil unions and marriages, but that the former would "require amending every federal code and law that says 'marriage' to instead say 'civil union'". Regardless, Johnson believes the [[Equal Protection Clause]] means that whatever term is used ("marriage" or "civil unions") must be used for both same-sex and opposite-sex couples and contain the same rights for both.

Johnson's positions are [[libertarian]] leaning, and some of his views were outside the mainstream of the Republican Party even when he was a member. He opposed the 2003 invasion of [[Iraq]] and supports reducing the defense budget by 44 to 90 percent from current levels. <ref>http://www.weeklystandard.com/blogs/meet-gary-johnson-ron-paul-2012_520775.html?nopager=1</ref>In 1999, Johnson became the highest-ranking elected official in the United States to advocate legalization of marijuana. He endorsed [[Ron Paul]] during the [[2008 Presidential Election]].

Johnson is highly critical of President Obama's economic policy. At one point, he quipped that his neighbor's two dogs had created more "shovel-ready" jobs than the President. Johnson has stated that he would not actually create the jobs themselves, but would rather create the opportunity for jobs through lower taxes and relaxed economic policy. He points out that this is the policy he used as Governor and it significantly improved the economy in New Mexico.

Johnson initially sought the Republican nomination in the [[2012 Presidential Election]], but was not very successful. Considering his highly conservative fiscal stances, but also his liberal or libertarian stances on social issues, most Republicans described Johnson as more libertarian than truly conservative. He is similar to fellow libertarian Republican presidential candidate [[Ron Paul]]. However, whereas Paul supports the [[Defense of Marriage Act]], Johnson believes marriage is a right guaranteed by the [[Equal Protection Clause]] and that therefore, same-sex marriage should be legalized on a federal level. Johnson is also [[pro-abortion]], whereas Paul is [[pro-life]]. However, both believe [[Roe v. Wade]] should be overturned and the laws should be left up to the states.

Paul is far better-known and so was expected to get the bulk of the libertarian vote in the primaries. Barring an early withdrawal by Paul, it appeared Johnson had virtually no chance of securing the Republican nomination. His situation was made worse by the refusal of the sponsors of most of the 2011 Republican Presidential Debates to allow Johnson to participate. As a result, there was increasing speculation that Johnson, who unsuccessfully sought assistance from the Republican National Committee, would seek the nomination of the [[Libertarian Party]].

Months of rumors were confirmed on December 28, 2011, when Johnson announced he would switch parties and seek the Libertarian nomination. Johnson stated that the Republican party "snubbed" him because they "didn't want more than one [libertarain] messenger on stage" (a reference to Paul). <ref>[http://www.politico.com/news/stories/1211/70906.html Politico.com article: "Gary Johnson launches Libertarian presidential bid"]</ref> He is considered the front-runner for the party nomination, which will be determined at the convention May 4-6 in [[Las Vegas]]. Although there are at least five other candidates, Johnson is by far the most experienced and well-known and is widely expected to be nominated. <ref>http://www.lp.org/event/2012-libertarian-party-convention-at-red-rock-resort-in-las-vegas</ref>

On May 5, 2012, Johnson easily won the Libertarian Party nomination on the first ballot. He received approximately 70% of the vote while the next closest candidate received 25%. He nominated former [[California]] [[judge]] and marijuana legalization advocate [[Jim Gray]] to be his Vice President. This was confirmed on the first ballot with Gray receiving roughly 60% of the vote.

Johnson is expected to be on the ballot in every state, with the possible exception of [[Oklahoma]]. [[Douglas Schoen]], a columnist for [[Fox News]], wrote a column in support of Johnson's campaign, saying "With neither Obama nor Romney offering an overarching message that has been able to resonate with an electorate that is becoming increasingly cynical about anyone's ability to fix this country’s ongoing, trenchant and most vexatious problems – Gary Johnson’s voice is one that needs to be heard". <ref>http://www.foxnews.com/opinion/2012/05/12/gary-johnson-could-catch-presidential-race-by-surprise/?intcmp=related</ref> Another Fox News article reported on the challenges Johnson will experience getting into the debates - he needs to be on the ballot in enough states to potentially gather 270 electoral votes (almost a given at this point), and he needs to poll at 15% in several polls. PPP was the first poll to include him, but [[Zogby]] is now mentioning him as well. He is currently polling between 4 and 10 percent.

Governor Johnson did not have his name on the ballot in [[Michigan]] due to a [[sore loser law]]. However, he was registered in Michigan as a valid write-in candidate. Governor Johnson was three minutes late in withdrawing from the Republican Priamry and was thus on the ballot. Therefore, he is not allowed to run on another line. The case is currently pending. However, another Gary E. Johnson, a Texas businessman, has volunteered to stand in on the ballot if needed, and his electors would vote for Governor Johnson if he carries the state. Since ballot access in Michigan is by party, not person, one of the two Gary E. Johnsons should be on the ballot. However, the Michigan Secretary of State, Ruth Johnson, claimed Michigan has no procedure for switching candidates, in spite of precedent to the contrary. So, Johnson ended up with partial access in Michigan, but had no access, even as a write-in candidate, in Oklahoma. Johnson/Gray had ballot access in the other 48 states, write-in access in Michigan, and full access in [[Washington DC]]. He was the third party candidate who had the most availability on the 2012 Presidential ballot.

As of September 22, 2012, the domain [http://www.MittRonmey.com MittRonmey.com] (transposing the m and n in Republican Candidate [[Mitt Romney]]'s name), redirects to Johnson's campaign site.

Johnson has admitted on several occasions that he has always been a libertarian and governed New Mexico as a [[Republican in name only]]. He also made the admission that he is not a "social conservative in any way," and unlike libertarian ally Ron Paul, Johnson is also [[pro-choice]]. He is currently contemplating a run for President in 2016 on the Libertarian platform.

==References==
<references/>
{{2012 presidential candidates}}

[[Category:New Mexico Governors]]
[[Category:Republican Governors]]
[[Category:Libertarianism]]
[[Category:2012 Presidential Candidates]]
{{DEFAULTSORT: Johnson, Gary E.}}
[[Category:Fiscal Conservatives]]

South Carolina

2016-01-30T01:18:59Z

Renan Jackson:

{{USState
|name=South Carolina
|flag=South_Carolina_State_Flag.gif
|motto="Animis Opibusque Parati" (Prepared in mind and resources)
|nick=The Palmetto State
|capital=Columbia
|language=English
|governor=Nikki Haley
|gparty=Republican
|senator2=Tim Scott
|s2party=Republican
|s2phone=(202) 224-6121
|s2email=http://www.scott.senate.gov/contact/email-me Contact
|senator1=Lindsey Graham
|s1party=Republican
|s1phone=(202) 224-5972
|s1email=http://lgraham.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=Contact.EmailSenatorGraham Contact
|population=
|date=May 23, 1788 (8th)
}}
'''South Carolina''' was the eighth state to enter into the [[Union]]. The capital city is [[Columbia (city)|Columbia]].

South Carolina is a key primary state in Presidential Elections, in that it is the first in the south primary. South Carolina relies heavily on the textile industry and trade with foreign countries, especially [[trade with Germany]]. In [[December]] 2001, it had 299,100 manufacturing jobs. This fell by over 15% to 253,000 manufacturing jobs in December 2006. The state also has fewer than 38,000 textile manufacturing jobs left, while ten years ago it had 80,000 textile jobs.

While non-farm employment overall has increased, the manufacturing jobs were much higher-paying than the service-related jobs. The average weekly wage for non-supervisory workers in January 2007 were:<ref>Source: U.S. Department of Labor</ref>
May 23, 1788 (8th)
*$518 in textile mills
*$404 in apparel facilities
*$250 in the leisure/hospitality sector.

On December 20, 1860, South Carolina became the first state to secede from the Union. Several months later, South Carolina's [[Fort Sumter]], located near [[Charleston]], became the site of the first shots of the [[Civil War]] were fired.
==History==
[[File:Col-sc.jpg|thumb|300px|Charleston was a major Atlantic port]]

South Carolina and North Carolina both claim to be the birthplace of [[Andrew Jackson]], the seventh President of the United States.

==Politics==
South Carolina is usually a [[red state]] in presidential elections; the last [[Democrat]] to win the state was [[Jimmy Carter]] in 1976. Before Jimmy Carter, a Democrat hadn't won since [[John F. Kennedy]] in 1960.

==Elected Officials==

===Federal===
*Sen. [[Lindsey Graham]] (R)
*Sen. [[Jim DeMint]] (R)
*Rep. [[Tim Scott]] [R, SC-01]
*Rep. [[Joe Wilson]] [R, SC-02]
*Rep. [[Jeff Duncan]] [R, SC-03]
*Rep. [[Trey Gowdy]] [R, SC-04]
*Rep. [[Mick Mulvaney]] [R, SC-05]
*Rep. [[James Clyburn]] [D, SC-06]

===Statewide===
*Governor [[Nikki Haley]] (R)
*Lt. Governor [[Ken Ard]] (R)
*Secretary of State [[Mark Hammond]] (R)
*State Treasurer [[Curtis Loftis]] (R)
*Attorney General [[Alan Wilson]] (R)
*Comptroller General [[Richard Eckstrom]] (R)
*Superintendent of Education [[Mick Zais]] (R)
*Adjutant General Bob Livingston (R)
*Agriculture Commissioner [[Hugh Weathers]] (R)

== References ==

<references/>

{{USstates}}
[[Category:States of the United States]]
[[Category:South Carolina
[[Category:The South]]

DINO

2016-01-26T15:54:23Z

Renan Jackson:

A '''DINO''', or '''Democrat in Name Only''', refers to one of the more conservative members (fiscally and/or socially) of the [[Democratic Party]], including the [[Blue Dog Democrats]]. It is the analogous term to [[RINO]] (Republican in Name Only), referring to a more liberal member of the [[Republican Party]].

==Former DINOs who have since left the Democratic Party==

* [[Ronald Reagan]] ([[California]]), 40th [[President of the United States]] (1981-1989).
* [[Condoleezza Rice]] ([[Alabama]]), 66th [[United States Secretary of State]] (2005-2009).
* [[Rudy Giuliani]] ([[New York]]), 107th [[Mayor of New York City]] (1994-2001).
* [[Rick Perry]] ([[Texas]]), 47th [[Governor of Texas]] (2000-2015)
* [[Jesse Helms]] ([[North Carolina]]), [[United States Senator]] (1973-2003).
* [[Kim Davis]] ([[Kentucky]]), [[Clerk]] of [[Rowan County]] (2015-present).

[[Category:Politics]]
[[Category:Conservatism]]
[[Category:Libertarianism]]
[[Category:Democratic Party]]

Democratic Freedom Caucus

2016-01-26T15:52:45Z

Renan Jackson:

The '''Democratic Freedom Caucus''' is a small [[libertarian]] caucus within the [[Democratic Party]]. Its purpose is to try to guide the Democratic Party toward more libertarian political positions and to try to elect libertarian candidates using the Democratic Party as an electoral vehicle. They have had little success at either. Unlike the larger [[Republican Liberty Caucus]] they do not yet count any elected officials at the national level as members or supporters. Their success thus far has been confined to the state level in a few states like [[New Hampshire]]. Freedom Democrats is a closely-related blog run by DFC supporters.

==See also==
* [[Republican Liberty Caucus]]

==External links==
*[http://www.democraticfreedomcaucus.org/ Democratic Freedom Caucus]
*[http://www.democraticfreedomcaucus.org/dfc-platform/ DFC Platform]
*[http://www.freedomdemocrats.org/ Freedom Democrats blog]

[[Category:Democratic Party]]
[[Category:Libertarianism]]
[[Category:DINOs]]

President of the United States of America

2016-01-23T12:50:55Z

Renan Jackson: /* Presidents list */

[[Image:Presidential seal 506x508.gif|thumbnail|right|The [[United States]] Presidential Seal]]
The '''President of the United States''' is the head of the [[United States of America|U.S.]] [[Executive Branch]]. As the [[head of state]] of the [[United States of America]], the president is one of the most powerful people in the [[world]]. The writers of the [[United States Constitution|Constitution]] recognized that they were writing a job description which, in [[England]], was and is filled by the office of the [[prime minister]] and position of the [[Monarchy|monarch]]. According to the [[Founding Fathers]] of the USA, at that time, the monarchy of England did not appear to serve the common man and the Founding Fathers wanted a [[government]] that did.

==Current president==
The 44th and current President is [[Barack Hussein Obama]]. He took office on January 20, 2009. His predecessor was [[George W. Bush|George Walker Bush]].

==Election==
The president is selected every four years by the American people, although not through a popular vote but rather through the [[Electoral College]]. This process makes the presidency one of the few elected officials in the [[United States of America]] chosen indirectly. The Founding Fathers implemented this procedure to ensure the relevance of smaller states in the voting process.

==Term limits==
Prior to [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt]], presidents voluntarily limited themselves to two terms as an homage to [[George Washington]]. After Franklin D. Roosevelt served a little over twelve years in office, [[Congress]] passed the 22nd [[Constitutional Amendment]] restricting future presidents to two terms.

However if the vice president succeeds to the presidency with no more than two years left in the prior president's term, he is allowed to run for two full terms, raising the potential time in office to ten years.

The first president to whom term limits applied was [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]].

==See also==
[[Vice President of the United States of America]]

==Presidents list==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!President
!Years
!State
!Party
!Vice President(s)
!Wing
|-
|1. [[George Washington]]
|1789-1797
|[[Virginia]]
|none
|Adams
|Right
|-
|2. [[John Adams]]
|1797-1801
|[[Massachusetts]]
|[[Federalist]]
|Jefferson
|
|-
|3. [[Thomas Jefferson]]
|1801-1809
|[[Virginia]]
|[[Republican (Jeffersonian)]]
|Burr, Clinton
|
|-
|4. [[James Madison]]
|1809-1817
|[[Virginia]]
|[[Republican (Jeffersonian)]]
|Clinton, Gerry
|
|-
|5. [[James Monroe]]
|1817-1825
|[[Virginia]]
|[[Republican (Jeffersonian)]]
|Tompkins
|
|-
|6. [[John Quincy Adams]]
|1825-1829
|[[Massachusetts]]
|[[National Republican]]
|Calhoun
|
|-
|7. [[Andrew Jackson]]
|1829-1837
|[[Tennessee]]
|[[Democratic]]
|Calhoun, Van Buren
|Left
|-
|8. [[Martin van Buren]]
|1837-1841
|[[New York]]
|[[Democratic]]
|Johnson
|
|-
|9. [[William Henry Harrison]]
|1841
|none
|[[Whig]]
|Tyler
|
|-
|10. [[John Tyler]]
|1841-1845
|[[Virginia]]
|[[Whig]]
|none
|
|-
|11. [[James Knox Polk]]
|1845-1849
|[[Tennessee]]
|[[Democratic]]
|Dallas
|
|-
|12. [[Zachary Taylor]]
|1849-1850
|none
|[[Whig]]
|Filmore
|
|-
|13. [[Millard Filmore]]
|1850-1853
|[[New York]]
|[[Whig]]
|none
|
|-
|14. [[Franklin Pierce]]
|1853-1857
|[[New Hampshire]]
|[[Democratic]]
|King
|
|-
|15. [[James Buchanan]]
|1857-1861
|[[Pennsylvania]]
|[[Democratic]]
|Breckenridge
|
|-
|16. [[Abraham Lincoln]]
|1861-1865
|[[Illinois]]
|[[Republican]]
|Hamlin, Grant
|Right
|-
|17. [[Andrew Johnson]]
|1865-1869
|[[Tennessee]]
|[[Democratic]]
|none
|
|-
|18. [[Ulysses S. Grant]]
|1869-1877
|[[Ohio]]
|[[Republican]]
|Colfax, Wilson
|
|-
|19. [[Rutherford Hayes]]
|1877-1881
|[[Ohio]]
|[[Republican]]
|Wheeler
|
|-
|20. [[James Garfield]]
|1881
|[[Ohio]]
|[[Republican]]
|Arthur
|
|-
|21. [[Chester Arthur]]
|1881-1885
|[[New York]]
|[[Republican]]
|none
|
|-
|22. [[Grover Cleveland]]
|1885-1889
|[[New York]]
|[[Democratic]]
|Hendricks
|Right
|-
|23. [[Benjamin Harrison]]
|1889-1893
|[[Ohio]]
|[[Republican]]
|Morton
|
|-
|24. [[Grover Cleveland]]
|1893-1897
|[[New York]]
|[[Democratic]]
|Stevenson
|Right
|-
|25. [[William McKinley]]
|1897-1901
|[[Ohio]]
|[[Republican]]
|Roosevelt
|
|-
|26. [[Theodore Roosevelt]]
|1901-1909
|[[New York]]
|[[Republican]]
|Fairbanks
|
|-
|27. [[William Taft]]
|1909-1913
|[[Ohio]]
|[[Republican]]
|Sherman
|
|-
|28. [[Woodrow Wilson]]
|1913-1921
|[[Virginia]]
|[[Democratic]]
|Marshall
|Left
|-
|29. [[Warren G. Harding]]
|1921-1923
|[[Ohio]]
|[[Republican]]
|Coolidge
|
|-
|30. [[Calvin Coolidge]]
|1923-1929
|[[Massachusetts]]
|[[Republican]]
|Dawes
|
|-
|31. [[Herbert Hoover]]
|1929-1933
|[[California]]
|[[Republican]]
|Curtis
|
|-
|32. [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt]]
|1933-1945
|[[New York]]
|[[Democratic]]
|Garner, [[Henry A. Wallace|Wallace]], Truman
|Left
|-
|33. [[Harry S. Truman]]
|1945-1953
|[[Missouri]]
|[[Democratic]]
|Barkley
|Left
|-
|34. [[Dwight David Eisenhower]]
|1953-1961
|[[Pennsylvania]]
|[[Republican]]
|Nixon
|Right
|-
|35. [[John Fitzgerald Kennedy]]
|1961-1963
|[[Massachusetts]]
|[[Democratic]]
|Johnson
|Moderate Left
|-
|36. [[Lyndon Baines Johnson]]
|1963-1969
|[[Texas]]
|[[Democratic]]
|Humphrey
|Left
|-
|37. [[Richard Milhouse Nixon]]
|1969-1974
|[[California]]
|[[Republican]]
|Agnew, Ford
|Moderate Right
|-
|38. [[Gerald Ford]]
|1974-1977
|[[Nebraska]]
|[[Republican]]
|Rockefeller
|Moderate
|-
|39. [[Jimmy Carter]]
|1977-1981
|[[Georgia]]
|[[Democratic]]
|Mondale
|Left
|-
|40. [[Ronald Wilson Reagan]]
|1981-1989
|[[California]]
|[[Republican]]
|(H.W.) Bush
|Right
|-
|41. [[George Herbert Walker Bush]]
|1989-1993
|[[Texas]]
|[[Republican]]
|Quayle
|Right
|-
|42. [[Bill Clinton]]
|1993-2001
|[[Arkansas]]
|[[Democratic]]
|Gore
|Left
|-
|43. [[George Walker Bush]]
|2001-2009
|[[Texas]]
|[[Republican]]
|Cheney
|Right
|-
|44. [[Barack Hussein Obama]]
|2009 -
|[[Illinois]]
|[[Democratic]]
|Biden
|Left
|}

{{USPresidents}}
[[Category: United States]]
[[Category: United States Elected Officials]]
[[Category:United States History]]

Governors of Maryland

2016-01-19T16:01:34Z

Renan Jackson:

A list of '''governors''' from the state of '''[[Maryland]]'''.<ref>http://www.nga.org/portal/site/nga/menuitem.8fd3d12ab65b304f8a278110501010a0?submit=Submit&State=MD</ref><ref>http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/List-of-colonial-governors-of-Maryland</ref>

==Proprietary Governors of Maryland==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name !! Years
|-
| Leonard Calvert
| 1634-1647
|-
| Thomas Greene
| 1647-1649
|-
| William Stone
| 1649-1656
|-
| Josias Fendall
| 1657-1660
|-
| Phillip Calvert
| 1660
|-
| Charles Calvert, 3rd Baron Baltimore
| 1661-1676, 1679-1684
|-
| Jesse Wharton
| 1676
|-
| Thomas Notley
| 1676-1679
|-
| Benedict Leonard Calvert
| 1684-1688
|-
| William Joseph
| 1688-1689
|}

==Leaders of the Protestant Associators==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name !! Years
|-
| John Coode
| 1689-1690
|-
| Nehemiah Blakiston
| 1690-1691
|}

==Royal Governors of Maryland==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name !! Years
|-
| Lionel Copley
| 1692-1693
|-
| Edmund Andros
| 1693, 1694
|-
| Thomas Lawrence
| 1693-1694, 1694
|-
| Nicholas Greenberry
| 1693-1694
|-
| Francis Nicholson
| 1694-1699
|-
| Nathaniel Blakiston
| 1699-1702
|-
| Thomas Tench
| 1702-1704
|-
| John Seymour
| 1704-1709
|-
| Edward Lloyd
| 1709-1714
|-
| John Hart
| 1714-1715
|}

==Restored Proprietary Governors of Maryland==

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name !! Years
|-
| John Hart
| 1715-1720
|-
| Thomas Brooke, Jr.
| 1720
|-
| Charles Calvert, 5th Baron Baltimore
| 1721-1727, 1732-1733
|-
| Benedict Leonard Calvert
| 1727-1731
|-
| Samuel Ogle
| 1731-1732, 1733-1742, 1746/47-1752
|-
| Thomas Bladen
| 1742-1746/47
|-
| Benjamin Tasker
| 1752-1753
|-
| Horatio Sharpe
| 1753-1769
|-
| Robert Eden
| 1769-1776
|}

==State of Maryland Governors==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name!! Party !! Years
|-
| Thomas Johnson
| Federalist
| 1777-1779
|-
| Thomas Sim Lee
| Federalist
| 1779-1782, 1792-1794
|-
| William Paca
| Anti-Federalist
| 1782-1785
|-
| William Smallwood
|
| 1785-1788
|-
| John Eager Howard
| Federalist
| 1788-1791
|-
| George Plater
| Federalist
| 1791-1792
|-
| James Brice
| Federalist
| 1792
|-
| John Hoskins Stone
| Federalist
| 1794-1797
|-
| John Henry
| Democrat
| 1797-1798
|-
| Benjamin Ogle
| Federalist
| 1798-1801
|-
| John Francis Mercer
| Democratic Republican
| 1801-1803
|-
| Robert Bowie
| Democratic Republican
| 1803-1806, 1811-1812
|-
| Robert Wright
| Democrat
| 1806-1809
|-
| Edward Lloyd
| Democratic Republican
| 1809-1811
|-
| Levin Winder
| Federalist
| 1812-1816
|-
| Charles Carnan Ridgely
| Federalist
| 1816-1819
|-
| Charles Goldsborough
| Federalist
| 1819
|-
| Samuel Sprigg
| Democrat/Whig
| 1819-1822
|-
| Samuel Stevens, Jr.
| Democrat
| 1822-1826
|-
| Joseph Kent
| Federalist/Democratic Republican/National Republican
| 1826-1829
|-
| Daniel Martin
| Whig
| 1829-1830, 1831
|-
| Thomas King Carroll
| Democrat
| 1830-1831
|-
| George Howard
| Whig
| 1831-1833
|-
| James Thomas
| Whig
| 1833-1836
|-
| Thomas Ward Veazey
| Whig
| 1836-1839
|-
| William Grason
| Federalist
| 1839-1842
|-
| Francis Thomas
| Democrat/Unionist/Republican
| 1842-1845
|-
| Thomas George Pratt
| Whig/Democrat
| 1845-1848
|-
| Phillip Francis Thomas
| Democrat
| 1848-1851
|-
| Enoch Louis Lowe
| Democrat
| 1851-1854
|-
| Thomas Watkins Ligon
| Democrat
| 1854-1858
|-
| Thomas Holliday Hicks
| Whig/Democrat/American/Constitutional Unionist/Republican
| 1858-1862
|-
| Augustus Williamson Bradford
| Whig/Unionist/Democrat
| 1862-1866
|-
| Thomas Swann
| American/Unionist/Democrat
| 1866-1869
|-
| Oden Bowie
| Democrat
| 1869-1872
|-
| William Pinckney Whyte
| Democrat
| 1872-1874
|-
| James Black Groome
| Democrat
| 1874-1876
|-
| John Lee Carroll
| Democrat
| 1876-1880
|-
| William Thomas Hamilton
| Democrat
| 1880-1884
|-
| Robert Milligan McLane
| Democrat
| 1884-1885
|-
| Henry Lloyd
| Democrat
| 1885-1888
|-
| Elihu Emory Jackson
| Democrat
| 1888-1892
|-
| Frank Brown
| Democrat
| 1892-1896
|-
| Lloyd Lowndes, Jr.
| Republican
| 1896-1900
|-
| John Walter Smith
| Democrat
| 1900-1904
|-
| Edwin Warfield
| Democrat
| 1904-1908
|-
| Austin Lane Crothers
| Democrat
| 1908-1912
|-
| Phillips Lee Goldsborough
| Republican
| 1912-1916
|-
| Emerson Columbus Harrington
| Democrat
| 1916-1920
|-
| Albert Cabell Ritchie
| Democrat
| 1920-1935
|-
| Harry Whinna Nice
| Republican
| 1935-1939
|-
| Herbert Romulus O’Conor
| Democrat
| 1939-1947
|-
| William Preston Lane, Jr.
| Democrat
| 1947-1951
|-
| Theodore Roosevelt McKeldin
| Republican
| 1951-1959
|-
| J. Millard Tawes
| Democrat
| 1959-1967
|-
| [[Spiro Agnew|Spiro Theodore Agnew]]
| Republican
| 1967-1969
|-
| Marvin Mandel
| Democrat
| 1969-1979
|-
| Blair Lee III
| Democrat
| 1977-1979
|-
| Harry Roe Hughes
| Democrat
| 1979-1987
|-
| [[William Donald Schaefer]]
| Democrat
| 1987-1995
|-
| Parris N. Glendening
| Democrat
| 1995-2003
|-
| Robert L. Ehrlich, Jr.
| Republican
| 2003-2007
|-
| [[Martin O'Malley]]
| Democrat
| 2007-2015
|-
| Larry Hogan
| Republican
| 2015-present
|}

==Notes==
<references/>
{{Governors}}
[[Category:Maryland Governors]]