https://www.conservapedia.com/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=Reason4FaithConservapedia - User contributions [en]2026-10-10T09:34:37ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.35.14https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Alkane&diff=547071Alkane2008-11-01T19:47:00Z<p>Reason4Faith: </p>
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<div>'''Alkanes''' are substances that belong to a homologous series of [[organic]] compounds that contain the elements [[carbon]] and [[hydrogen]] only, and whose members differ by constant relative [[molecular mass]] of 14. In an alkane, each carbon atom and hydrogen atom are held together saturated covalent bonds; the general molecular formula for alkanes is C<sub>n</sub>H<sub>2n+2</sub>. In contemporary industrial societies, these [[hydrocarbon]]s are most often as [[fuel]]s and to produce chemicals, such as [[methane]] and [[octane]]. These chemicals are derived from the fractional [[distillation]] of [[crude oil]] and via [[catalytic cracking]].<br />
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Alkanes are insoluable in water, and have a lower density thus making them float atop water. <br />
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When alkanes have more than three carbon atoms, they can be arranged in different ways, in a line or branched fashion. The different arrangements are called isomers, with standardized nomenclature to describe the isomeric forms. See [[IUPAC nomenclature]]. <br />
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Linear chained alkanes with fewer than 4 carbon atoms have special names:<br />
* 1 carbon atom : Methane, CH<sub>4</sub><br />
* 2 carbon atoms: Ethane, C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub><br />
* 3 carbon atoms: [[Propane]], C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub><br />
* 4 carbon atoms: Butane, C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>10</sub><br />
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When alkanes have more than 4 carbon atoms, they are named using a greek numeral prefix plus '''-ane''' suffix, e.g. pentane (C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>12</sub>), hexane (C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>14</sub>).<br />
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==See also==<br />
*[[Alkene]]<br />
*[[Alkyne]]<br />
[[Category:Organic Chemistry]]</div>Reason4Faithhttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Frequency&diff=547044Frequency2008-11-01T19:10:36Z<p>Reason4Faith: </p>
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<div>'''Frequency''' is a measure of how many times a given event happens in a given period of time. It is directly related to [[wave]] mechanics, and is the reciprocal of [[period]]. The [[International_System_of_Units | SI unit]] of frequency is the [[hertz]] (Hz), which corresponds to a single cycle per second, giving it the general unit of ''s''<sup>-1</sup>. Frequency cannot be modified by a physical process, although phenomena such as the [[Doppler Effect]] can change how frequency is perceived by a person in motion towards or away from an audio source.<br />
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[[Category:Physics]]</div>Reason4Faithhttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Speed_of_light&diff=547043Speed of light2008-11-01T19:09:32Z<p>Reason4Faith: </p>
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<div>The '''speed of light''' in a vacuum (postulated to be constant for all inertial observers by the [[Theory of Relativity|special theory of relativity]]) is exactly 299,792,458 meters per second (approximately 186,282.3 miles per second). As the speed of light is now used to define the [[SI]] meter, this is now the value ''by definition''.<br />
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In physics, it is often represented in equations by the letter '''c,''' as in<br />
:&lambda; = c / f<br />
([[wavelength]] of an electromagnetic wave in vacuum = the speed of light divided by the wave's frequency).<br />
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The speed of light is about one foot per nanosecond. The late computer pioneer Admiral Grace Hopper was fond of keeping foot-long lengths of wire in her purse; she used them as props for her talks, referring to them as "nanoseconds," and using them to explain how the speed of light set limitations on [[computing]] systems (Although the rate of energy propagation in copper wire is significantly lower than the speed of light).<ref>Chiarella, Donald Joseph Gray (2002), ''Life in God's Management Corps,'' [http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0595256430&id=VhM9jDwbywUC&pg=PA14&lpg=PA14&ots=ZXHirs9jQI&dq=grace+hopper+nanosecond&ie=ISO-8859-1&sig=XmbYtV2laxCMIKMLzR1eXHP1Eok p. 14]</ref><br />
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The speed of light is slower in any medium which is not a vacuum, and varies from medium to medium. This variation gives rise to (as a result of [[quantum mechanics]], particularly the concept of a path of least action) the phenomenon of [[refraction]]. When a charged particle exceeds the speed of light in the medium in which it is travelling, it emits [[Cherenkov Radiation]].<br />
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Since the speed of light in a vacuum is observed to be constant, it can be used to define distances as well. The distance that light travels in one year is known as a [[light-year]], which is about 6 million million (6x10<sup>12</sup>) miles.<br />
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The speed of light raises questions regarding the age of the universe. These are usually summed up under the term "[[starlight problem]]".<br />
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==Notes and references==<br />
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[[category: astronomy]]<br />
[[category: physics]]</div>Reason4Faith