https://www.conservapedia.com/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=ReaganisawsomeConservapedia - User contributions [en]2026-11-12T06:35:43ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.35.14https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Reagan_(2024_film)&diff=2157666Reagan (2024 film)2025-09-11T11:12:23Z<p>Reaganisawsome: /* Release */ minor edit</p>
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<div>'''Reagan''' is an American biographical drama film directed by [[Sean McNamara]], depicting the life of the 40th President of the United States, [[Ronald Reagan]]. The film stars [[Dennis Quaid]] as Reagan, tracing his journey from his early career as a Hollywood actor to his presidency, focusing on key moments in his political career and personal life. The film is based on the books by [[Paul Kengor]], a historian and Reagan biographer.<br />
<br />
===Plot=== <br />
The film chronicles the life of Ronald Reagan, from his childhood in [[Dixon, Illinois]], through his rise in Hollywood and his transition into politics. It explores Reagan's two terms as the [[Governor]] of [[California]], his 1980 presidential campaign, and his eight years in office as the [[President of the United States]]. Major political events such as the [[Iran Hostage Crisis]], the [[Cold War]], and Reagan's role in ending and collapsing the [[Soviet Union]] are highlighted, along with his personal struggles, including the assassination attempt on his life in 1981.<br />
<br />
The film also delves into Reagan's relationship with his wife, [[Nancy Reagan]], and his battle with [[Alzheimer's disease]] in the later years of his life. It aims to portray both the public and private sides of Reagan, focusing on his legacy as a leader who reshaped American politics.<br />
<br />
===Cast===<br />
<br />
[[Dennis Quaid]] as [[Ronald Reagan]]<br />
[[Penelope Ann Miller]] as [[Nancy Reagan]]<br />
[[Mena Suvari]] as [[Jane Wyman]]<br />
[[Jon Voight]] as Viktor Novikov, a combination of historical individuals<br />
[[Robert Davi]] as [[Leonid Brezhnev]]<br />
[[Lesley-Anne Down]] as [[Margaret Thatcher]]<br />
[[David Henrie]] as Young Ronald Reagan<br />
[[Skip Schwink]] as President Reagan’s aide<br />
[[Derek Richardson]] as [[Dana Rohrabacher]]<br />
<br />
===Production=== <br />
The film has been in development since at least 2016, with a screenplay by [[Howard Klausner]] and [[Jon Gunn]]. Director [[Sean McNamara]] has emphasized that the film is intended to give a balanced portrayal of Ronald Reagan, highlighting both his political achievements and his personal challenges. Principal photography began in 2020, but the film faced delays due to the COVID-19 pandemic, pushing the release date to 2024.<br />
<br />
===Release=== <br />
''Reagan'' was released on August 30, 2024.<br />
<br />
===Reception=== <br />
Although the film has not yet been released, it has garnered early attention due to its subject matter and the star power of [[Dennis Quaid]] in the lead role. Reagan’s legacy as a transformative president continues to be a topic of discussion in American politics, and the film is anticipated to contribute to debates on his influence on modern conservatism.<br />
<br />
===Controversy=== <br />
Given the polarized left-wing hysteria surrounding Ronald Reagan’s presidency, the film has sparked some controversy even before its release. Supporters of Reagan have praised the film for bringing his story to a new generation, while critics have expressed concerns that the film may not repeat the false left-wing memes about Reagan.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
<br />
[[Category:2024 films]]<br />
[[Category:Biographical films about Presidents of the United States]] <br />
[[Category:Ronald Reagan]]</div>Reaganisawsomehttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=David_Dinkins&diff=2136019David Dinkins2025-06-25T13:31:42Z<p>Reaganisawsome: Improvisation</p>
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<div>'''David Dinkins''' (July 10, 1927-November 20,2020) was a former mayor of [[New York City]]. Dinkins was defeated by [[Rudy Guiliani]]. The [[homicide]] rate fell precipitously after Dinkins defeat and Giuliani's ascendancy.<ref>https://www.nber.org/digest/jan03/w9061.html</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
{{communism}}<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Dinkins, David}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Democratic Socialists]]<br />
[[Category:Mayors]]<br />
[[Category:Liberals]]<br />
[[Category:New York City]]</div>Reaganisawsomehttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Nicolas_Cage&diff=2132605Nicolas Cage2025-06-12T22:20:02Z<p>Reaganisawsome: /* Other Films */ minor edit</p>
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<div>'''Nicolas Cage''' (born Nicolas Kim Coppola) is an [[Academy Award]] winning actor, whose films include ''The Family Man'' and ''Bangkok Dangerous''. <br />
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==Other Films==<br />
*[[Knowing]]<br />
*[[World Trade Center]]<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Cage, Nicolas}}<br />
[[Category:Actors]]<br />
[[Category:Italian-Americans]]</div>Reaganisawsomehttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Winnie_the_Pooh:_Blood_and_Honey&diff=2132597Winnie the Pooh: Blood and Honey2025-06-12T22:13:53Z<p>Reaganisawsome: Updating</p>
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<div>{{Infobox Film<br />
| name=Winnie-the-Pooh: Blood and Honey<br />
| image=<br />
| caption=<br />
| director=Rhys Frake-Waterfield <br />
| producer= Rhys Frake-Waterfield and Scott Jeffrey<br />
| writer=Rhys Frake-Waterfield<br />
| narrator= Toby Wynn-Davies<br />
| starring=Nikolai Leon<br>Maria Taylor<br>Natasha Rose Mills<br>Amber Doig-Thorne<br>Danielle Ronald<br>Natasha Tosini<br>Paula Coiz<br>May Kelly<br>Danielle Scott<br>Craig David Dowsett<br>Chris Cordell<br>Marcus Massey<br>Richard D. Myers<br>Simon Ellis<br>Jase Rivers<br>Mark Haldor<br />
| music=[[Andrew Scott Bell]]<br />
| cinematography=Vince Knight<br />
| editing=Rhys Frake-Waterfield<br />
| distributor= Altitude Film Distribution<br />
| released=January 27, 2023 (Mexico)<br>February 15, 2023 (United States)<br>March 10, 2023 (United Kingdom)<br />
| runtime=84 min.<br />
| country=[[United Kingdom]]<br />
| language=English<br />
| budget=$100,000<br />
| gross=$5,200,000<br />
| preceded_by=<br />
| followed_by=<br />
| website=<br />
| amg_id=<br />
| imdb_id=19623240<br />
}}<br />
'''Winnie-the-Pooh: Blood and Honey''' is a independent horor film directed by Rhys Frake-Waterfield that was released in 2023.<br />
<br />
==Plot==<br />
<br />
Years ago, a young boy named Christopher Robin befriends five animals in the 100 Acre Wood being Owl, Rabbit, Eeyore, Piglet, and Winnie-the-Pooh. He often gave them food, but as he got older, his visits were less frequent, and left the 100 Acre Wood for good to go to college to become a doctor. When winter arrived, the five animals starved, and it was decided that in order to survive, one of them had to be eaten, and thus Eeyore is no more. This action turned the remaining four animals feral, and they swore an oath to abandon anything that makes them human.<br />
<br />
<br />
Five years later, Christopher Robin has graduated college, and has returned to the 100 Acre Wood with his girlfriend later fiancé Mary. They explore for a bit, and when they go to Pooh's treehouse, they know something is wrong. After they leave, Piglet appears, and strangles Mary to death with a chain, while Christopher Robin begs for Piglet to stop. After Mary dies, Christopher Robin runs away, and runs into Pooh. He tells Pooh that Piglet killed Mary, but instead of helping him, Pooh and Piglet surround Christopher Robin and take him away to a cave to show him Eeyore's skeleton.<br />
<br />
<br />
Maria is told by her therapist to spend the weekend in a cabin with her friends to get over the trauma of getting stalked by a creep. She does so, but one of her friends (Tina) fails to show up. We see Tina on the run, and she runs into a garage, where she runs into Pooh, who shoves her into a woodchipper, killing her. Pooh returns to his treehouse to see Christopher Robin pleading to be let go. Pooh remembers Christopher Robin telling him years ago that he would never leave him. In a rage, Pooh gets Eeyore's tail, and whips Christopher Robin with it until it scars him. Piglet returns with Mary's skeleton, and with a machine, it drains the blood from Mary, and it showers on Christopher Robin.<br />
<br />
<br />
Pooh and Piglet see the cabin the girls are staying at, and they attack. Lara and Zoe die, and the latter's lesbian lover Alice is knocked out, and kidnapped, but is still alive. Maria and Jessica follow Pooh and Piglet into the 100 Acre Wood to rescue Alice, and they also save Christopher Robin and a new character named Charlene who plans to kill Piglet for killing her husband, and disfiguring her face. But Pooh holds her down, while Piglet mauls her to death. Pooh gives chase to Maria and Jessica, but Alice stays behind to fight Piglet, and she wins by slamming him with his sledgehammer. Piglet screams before the kill, causing Pooh and his prey to go back into the 100 Acre Wood to see Pooh impale Alice to death with a knife. After another chase, the remaining girls run into a group of men in a car ready to protect them. However, Pooh kills all of them, and grabs on to the car Maria and Jessica took from the dead men. Maria slams the breaks sending Pooh flying, but she gets knocked out by hitting her head on the steering wheel too hard. After she wakes up, she sees Pooh holding Jessica's decapitated head. Pooh drags Maria out of the car, and when it appears all hope is lost, but Christopher Robin arrives to slam Pooh presumably killing him. Christopher Robin goes to Maria to comfort her, but Pooh is still alive, and gives chase. Due to Maria having an injured leg from the earlier attack, Pooh easily catches up, and is ready to kill Maria. Christopher Robin pleads to have Maria sparred, offering to forever stay in the 100 Acre Wood. Pooh breaks his vow with the other animals and says "You left," and slits Maria's throat killing her. Christopher Robin runs as fast as he can, while Pooh stays where he is stabbing Maria's corpse.<br />
<br />
== Cast ==<br />
<br />
* Nikolai Leon as [[Christopher Robin]]<br />
** Frederick Dallaway as young Christopher Robin<br />
* Maria Taylor as Maria<br />
* Natasha Rose Mills as Jessica<br />
* Amber Doig-Thorne as Alice<br />
* Danielle Ronald as Zoe<br />
* Natasha Tosini as Lara<br />
* Paula Coiz as Mary<br />
* May Kelly as Tina<br />
* Danielle Scott as Charlene<br />
* Craig David Dowsett as [[Winnie-the-Pooh]]<br />
* Chris Cordell as [[Piglet (Winnie-the-Pooh)|Piglet]]<br />
* Marcus Massey as Colt<br />
* Richard D. Myers as Logan<br />
* Simon Ellis as Tucker<br />
* Jase Rivers as John<br />
* Mark Haldor as Darrel<br />
<br />
==Production==<br />
<br />
On January 1, 2022, the original 1926 Winnie-the-Pooh by A.A. Milne entered the public domain. Shortly after that happened, an indie English film studio called Jagged Edge Productions announced they would adapt Milne's book into a horror film set years later. The idea was criticized by many, saying that turning a character that has been a children's icon for nearly 100 years into a slasher villain is incredibly mean spirited. Production continued however, and was it slated for an October, 2022 release straight-to-video, but due to increased publicity, it got delayed for a one day release to theaters which made it the first Jagged Edge Productions movie ever to get the theatrical treatment.<ref>https://collider.com/winnie-the-pooh-blood-and-honey-trailer-cast-plot-everything-we-know/</ref> When the release in the United States was weeks away, it was announced that the movie would get a longer theatrical run than anticipated, which was another win for the studio. After it got released, it got very poor reviews, with a current rating of 3% on Rotten Tomatoes. Despite the poor reviews, the movie was a finical success, getting $5,200,000 worldwide on a $100,000 budget.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Razzies==<br />
<br />
On January 22, 2024, this movie was nominated for five Golden Raspberry Awards, or more commonly known as Razzies. On March 9, 2024, it won all five of them, including Worst Picture.<br />
<br />
==Sequel==<br />
<br />
Before the movie's release, Jagged Edge Productions greenlit a sequel with Rhys Frake-Waterfield returning as the director. However, no one from the cast returned for the sequel. Waterfield has stated the sequel will have a budget of at least five times greater than the first one, and in September, 2023, pictures were taken on set showing off a new Christopher Robin, along with a redesigned Pooh and Piglet, with the introduction of Owl and Tigger.<br />
<br />
On March 26, 2024, ''Winnie-the-Pooh: Blood and Honey II'' was released in theaters to much more positive reviews than the first one, but was still panned by critics and audiences.<ref>https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/winnie_the_pooh_blood_and_honey_2</ref><br />
<br />
==Sources==</div>Reaganisawsomehttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Charlton_Heston&diff=2128580Charlton Heston2025-05-27T18:45:59Z<p>Reaganisawsome: Adding link</p>
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<div>[[Image:Charlton Heston Civil Rights March 1963.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Charlton Heston at the 1963 Civil Rights March.]]<br />
'''Charlton Heston''' (b. October 4, 1923, Evanston, Illinois - d. April 5, 2008) was a famous [[Hollywood]] actor known for plHestaying larger than life roles including [[Moses]], [[Michaelangelo]], [[Marc Antony]], [[John the Baptist]], and [[Andrew Jackson]] and, most of all, his [[Academy Award]]-winning performance in the [[Christian]] tale of ''[[Ben Hur]]''. Later in life he channeled his passion for the [[Second Amendment]] of the [[Constitution]] and became an effective leader of the [[National Rifle Association]], serving as its president from 1998 to 2001 as its membership amended ts rules to enable him to hold that office longer than customary. Heston was outspoken in debunking an attempt to put a [[homosexual]] spin on the conflict portrayed in the movie ''Ben Hur''.<br />
<br />
Heston's greatest performance influenced the outcome of the [[2000 presidential election]], leading pro-[[Second Amendment]] [[Tennessee]] to vote shockingly against its own favorite son, [[Al Gore]], thereby enabling [[Republican]] [[George W. Bush]] to win:<br />
{{cquote|on May 20, 2000, when at the [[NRA]]’s 129th convention the actor held up a [[Revolutionary War]]-era flintlock rifle and announced that if the government (and “especially you, Mr. Gore,” meaning Al Gore, who was running for president) wanted to confiscate the gun, they’d have to take it from his “cold, dead hands.”<ref>https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/politics-news/charlton-hestons-cold-dead-hands-speech-fired-up-nra-2000-1209349/</ref>}}<br />
<br />
He was born John Charlton Carter in Evanston, Illinois. Following his parents' divorce and his mother's subsequent marriage to a Mr. Heston, Charlton's surname was changed. He studied at [[Northwestern University]] for two years and then fought in [[World War II]], serving in the [[United States Army Air Forces]] as a [[B-25 Mitchell]] aerial gunner assigned to the 77th Bombardment Squadron.<br />
<br />
A strapping man with chiseled features, he is best remembered for his portrayals of [[Moses]] in ''[[The Ten Commandments]]'', Taylor in the 1968 version of ''Planet of the Apes'', and Rodrigo in ''El Cid''. His movie ''[[Ben Hur]]'' is also a classic. Heston used the influence he had developed as a well known actor to help others and champion causes for American liberty. He was President of the [[Screen Actors' Guild]] from 1966 to 1971 and the president of the [[National Rifle Association]] from 1998 to 2001 as well as being an early supporter of the [[civil rights movement]] where he walked with [[Martin Luther King]]. He even once picketed outside a movie theater in 1961 that was showing a film of his that had just come out, but would not allow blacks into the theater. Heston did not like the form that ongoing [[affirmative action]] took in later years believing that removed the equality that was being sought. Political pundits bring up the idea that Heston changed his political views, but Heston himself spoke admiringly about his early [[civil rights]] support throughout his life and even after his political positions were categorized by others as turning conservative. The difficulty was in the pundits who could not grasp that having a deep desire to see black people treated as equals wasn't the same as believing in the ongoing entitlement programs in affirmative action. <br />
<br />
Making a moving public speech to America in 2002 that he had been diagnosed with symptoms related to [[Alzheimer's disease]], he was seldom seen in public after that. When [[leftist]] actor [[George Clooney]] heard of it, he took the opportunity to make a public joke at Heston's expense. When called to task for his statement, Clooney defended it because he said Charlton Heston deserved it. Heston, ever the gentlemen, did not respond in kind, but simply said that George should be careful since he had just as much chance to come down with the disease as anyone else.<ref>http://www.gopusa.com/commentary/dpatton/2008/dp_04072.shtml |Charlton Heston Made History</ref> Clooney apologized for his comments before Heston died that year. <ref> https://www.politico.com/story/2008/04/guns-and-moses-009405 | Guns and Moses</ref><br />
<br />
Married to Lydia Clarke (born 1923) for 64 years, he died of [[pneumonia]] in Los Angeles, aged 84. Heston is survived by her, their son and their adopted daughter.<br />
<br />
His autobiography ''In the Arena'' was written in 1995 in which he discussed his views on all of his major movies as well as stances he took on issues important to him throughout his life. <br />
<br />
In 2003 Charlton Heston was award the [[Presidential Medal of Freedom]] by [[George W. Bush|President Bush]], the highest award available to a civilian.<br />
<br />
==Selected Films==<br />
<br />
*''[[The Ten Commandments (1956 film)|The Ten Commandments]]'' (1956)<br />
*''Touch of Evil'' (1958)<br />
*''[[Ben-Hur (1959 film)|Ben-Hur]]'' (1959)<br />
*''El Cid'' (1961)<br />
*''The Greatest Story Ever Told'' (1965)<br />
*''Planet of the Apes'' (1968)<br />
*''Beneath the Planet of the Apes''<br />
*''[[I Am Legend|The Omega Man]]'' (1971)<br />
*''Antony and Cleopatra'' (1972)<br />
*''Soylent Green'' (1973)<br />
*''Tombstone'' (1993)<br />
*''Armageddon'' (1998)<br />
*''Any Given Sunday'' (1999)<br />
*''Planet of the Apes'' (2001)<br />
<br />
==Quote==<br />
* "There's no such thing as a good [[gun]]. There's no such thing as a bad gun. A gun in the hands of a bad man is a very dangerous thing. A gun in the hands of a good person is no danger to anyone except the bad guys." <ref>[http://archive.newsmax.com/archives/articles/2003/4/28/125004.shtml Charlton Heston's Quotable Quotes, newsMax, April 23, 2003]</ref><br />
<br />
* "[[Political correctness]] is just [[tyranny]] with manners." <ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=d4V7PLG7yxAC&pg=PA478&dq=Political+correctness+is+just+tyranny+with+manners&ei=XrCbS-66FIvAywS9nvTiCg&cd=1 The Big Curmudgeon: 2,500 Irreverently Outrageous Quotations from World ... - Page 478, By Jon Winokur 2007]</ref><br />
<br />
* "From my cold, dead hands!" (famous quote from his association with the National Rifle Association)<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[NRA]] - [[Gun Owners of America]] - [[Second Amendment Foundation]]<br />
* [[Molon labe]] - Slogan for the [[Second Amendment]] [[unalienable rights]] movement - "[[Come and take it]]!"<br />
* [[Molon Labe!]] - a 21st-century [[Conservative]] [[Libertarian]] [[fiction]]al "[[Battle of Thermopylae]]" written by [[Boston T. Party]]<br />
* [[List of Conservative or pro-Conservative Hollywood stars]]<br />
* [[Conservative media#Hollywood Conservatives|Hollywood conservatives]]<br />
* [[Essay:List of celebrities who support the Second Amendment]] <br />
* [[List of celebrities against Second Amendment]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<References/><br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000032/ Internet Movie Database]<br />
*[http://www.gopusa.com/commentary/dpatton/2008/dp_04072.shtml Fitting Summary of Life Achievements]<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Heston, Charlton}}<br />
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[[Category:Actors]]<br />
[[Category:Conservatives]]<br />
[[Category:Republican Party]]<br />
[[Category:Reagan Era]]<br />
[[Category:Presidential Medal of Freedom award winners]]<br />
[[Category:United States Veterans]]<br />
[[Category:Soldiers]]<br />
<br />
{{Conservatism}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Firearms]]<br />
[[Category:Second Amendment]]<br />
[[Category:Pro Second Amendment]]<br />
[[Category:Anti-Communism]]<br />
[[Category:Oath Keepers]]<br />
[[Category:People Associated with Firearms]]<br />
[[Category:American Gun Rights Advocates]]<br />
[[Category:Gun Writers]]<br />
[[Category:Gun Bloggers]]<br />
[[Category:Hollywood Conservatives]]<br />
[[Category:Patriots]]</div>Reaganisawsomehttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Gary_Sinise&diff=2054425Gary Sinise2024-06-04T01:55:48Z<p>Reaganisawsome: Adding new page</p>
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<div>'''Gary Sinise''' (b. March 17, 1955) is an American actor who is best known for playing Lieutenant Dan Taylor in the 1994 film ''Forrest Gump''.</div>Reaganisawsomehttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=George_H._W._Bush&diff=2011294George H. W. Bush2023-12-18T18:02:16Z<p>Reaganisawsome: /* Invasion of Panama */Noriega died in 2017.</p>
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<div>{{Officeholder<br />
|name=George H.W. Bush<br />
|image=Gwtgg.jpg<br />
|party=Republican<br />
|spouse=Barbara Bush<br />
|religion=[[Episcopalianism]]<br />
|offices=<br />
{{Officeholder/president<br />
|country=the United States<br />
|number=41st<br />
|terms=January 20, 1989 – January 20, 1993<br />
|vp=[[Dan Quayle]]<br />
|preceded=[[Ronald Reagan]]<br />
|former=y<br />
|succeeded=[[Bill Clinton]]<br />
}}<br />
{{Officeholder/vice president<br />
|country=the United States<br />
|number=43rd<br />
|terms=January 20, 1981 – January 20, 1989<br />
|president=[[Ronald Reagan]]<br />
|preceded=[[Walter Mondale]]<br />
|former=y<br />
|succeeded=[[Dan Quayle]]<br />
}}<br />
{{Officeholder/misc<br />
|office=Director of Central Intelligence<br />
|terms=January 30, 1976 – January 20, 1977<br />
|president=[[Gerald Ford]]<br />
|preceded=[[William Colby]]<br />
|former=y<br />
|succeeded=[[Stansfield Turner]]<br />
}}<br />
{{Officeholder/ambassador<br />
|for=United States<br />
|to=the United Nations<br />
|president=[[Richard Nixon]]<br />
|terms=March 1, 1971 – January 18, 1973<br />
|preceded=[[Charles Yost]]<br />
|former=y<br />
|succeeded=[[John Scali]]<br />
}}<br />
{{Officeholder/representative<br />
|state=Texas<br />
|district=7th<br />
|terms=January 3, 1967 – January 3, 1971<br />
|preceded=John Dowdy<br />
|former=y<br />
|succeeded=William Archer<br />
}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''George Herbert Walker Bush''' (June 12, 1924 – November 30, 2018) was an [[establishment]] [[globalist]]<ref name="Legacy"/> who served as the 43rd [[Vice President of the United States of America|Vice President]] of the [[United States]] from 1981 to 1989 and the 41st [[President of the United States]], serving from 1989 to 1993 after defeating [[liberal]] [[Massachusetts]] Governor [[Michael Dukakis]] by a landslide. A member of a strongly [[globalist]] family, Bush helped lead the [[Council on Foreign Relations]]. He promoted and advanced left-wing policies while in office, helped advance globalist [[Free trade|"free" trade]] agreements, and appointed liberal [[David Souter]] to the Supreme Court.<ref name="Legacy">Byas, Steve (December 3, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/usnews/politics/item/30798-the-legacy-of-george-herbert-walker-bush The Legacy of George Herbert Walker Bush]. ''The New American''. Retrieved December 3, 2018.</ref> Illustrating his [[globalist]] [[liberal]] views, Bush voted for [[Hillary Clinton]] in 2016.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-41871958</ref><br />
<br />
A [[moderate Republican]] who carried on most of the policies of the [[Ronald Reagan|Reagan Administration]], Bush's presidency presided over two major events, victory in the [[Cold War]] and collapse of the [[Soviet Union]], and in the [[Persian Gulf War]] in 1991 against [[Saddam Hussein]]. His popularity soared after these [[foreign policy]] triumphs, but had little interest in domestic policies and troubled relations with the Democrat-controlled [[Congress]]. He was defeated for reelection in 1992 by [[Arkansas]] Governor [[Bill Clinton]].<br />
<br />
Bush was a [[World War II]] veteran and war hero. During most of his public career, he served other presidents loyally in a number of appointed positions. Not until 1988, after eight years as vice president under Ronald Reagan, did Bush step into the limelight as the Republican nominee for president. Even when his son [[George W. Bush]] was president (2001–2009), he avoided the spotlight.<br />
<br />
Bush announced he would vote for [[leftist]] [[Hillary Clinton]] in the [[2016 presidential election]] rather than businessman [[Donald Trump]]. Compared to Trump, whose positions are strongly conservative, there was clear evidence that Bush was a [[RINO]] and a liberal.<ref name="BushHRC">Gangel, Jamie & Bradner, Eric (September 21, 2016). [https://www.cnn.com/2016/09/20/politics/george-hw-bush-hillary-clinton/ Sources: Bush 41 says he will vote for Clinton]. ''CNN''. Retrieved October 30, 2016.</ref><br />
<br />
== Early life ==<br />
<br />
George Bush, the scion of an old New England [[Yankee]] family, was born in Milton, Massachusetts to [[Prescott Bush]] and Dorothy Walker, on June 12, 1924. His father was a wealthy investment banker and later a partner in the [[Wall Street]] firm of Brown Brothers, Harriman and Company. Prescott Bush was a powerful two-term Republican senator from [[Connecticut]] from 1952 to 1963. <br />
<br />
Bush's maternal grandfather, for whom he was named, was George Herbert Walker, a wealthy businessman and important figure in American golf history. <br />
<br />
With his sister and three brothers, Bush was raised in Greenwich, [[Connecticut]]. George Bush attended Greenwich Country Day School before entering Phillips Academy from 1936 to 1942 in Andover, [[Massachusetts]]. At Andover, he played Varsity baseball, was captain of the basketball and soccer teams, and president of the senior class. <br />
== Military career ==<br />
[[Image:3.jpg|left|thumb|200px|U.S. Navy Pilot George Bush in the cockpit of an Avenger (1942-1945)]] When George Bush graduated from Andover, he had already been admitted to [[Yale University]], but the United States had entered [[World War II]], and he enlisted in the U.S. Navy Reserve on his 18th birthday instead. After completing the 10-month course, he was commissioned as an ensign in the U.S. Naval Reserve at [[Corpus Christi]] at 18 years old, which made him the youngest naval aviator to that date.<br />
<br />
Serving in the Pacific theater, he flew 58 combat missions. On one mission over the Pacific, as a torpedo bomber pilot, his aircraft was hit by Japanese antiaircraft fire and his engine caught on fire. Despite the fact that his plane was on fire, he completed his attack and released the bombs over his target, scoring several damaging hits. With his engine on fire, Bush flew several miles from the island, where he and one other crew member on the TBM Avenger bailed out of the aircraft. <br />
<br />
While Bush waited four hours in his inflated raft, several fighters circled protectively overhead until he was rescued by the lifeguard submarine USS Finback. For this action, Bush received the [[Distinguished Flying Cross]] for bravery in action. During the month he remained on the USS Finback, Bush participated in the rescue of other pilots.<br />
<br />
== Postwar years ==<br />
<br />
While at Yale, he joined the [[Delta Kappa Epsilon]] [[fraternity]] and was elected president. He also captained the Yale baseball team. A left-handed first baseman, Bush played in the first College World Series. As a senior he was, like his son [[George W. Bush]] in 1968 and his father Prescott S. Bush in 1917, inducted into the [[Skull and Bones]] secret society in 1948, helping him to build friendships and political support. <br />
<br />
He married Barbara Pierce on January 6, 1945. George and [[Barbara Bush]] have six children: the 43rd US President, [[George W. Bush|George W.]], Pauline Robinson ("Robin") (1949–1953, died of leukemia), [[Jeb Bush]], Neil, Marvin, and Dorothy Walker Kock. <br />
<br />
In 1964, Bush ventured into conventional politics by running against [[Texas]]' [[liberal]] [[Democratic Party|Democratic]] Senator [[Ralph Yarborough]]. However, he lost in the 1964 Democratic landslide. Bush did not give up on elective politics and was elected in 1966 and 1968 to the [[House of Representatives]] from the 7th District of Texas. <br />
<br />
Bush lost his second attempt at a [[United States Senate|Senate]] seat in 1970 to Democrat [[Lloyd Bentsen]], who had defeated the incumbent Yarborough in the Democratic primary.<br />
<br />
== Political career ==<br />
<br />
After the 1970 election loss, Bush was nominated and confirmed to the position of United States Ambassador to the [[United Nations]], at which he served from 1971 to 1973. <br />
<br />
After President [[Richard Nixon]] was re-elected President in 1972, he asked Bush to become Chairman of the [[Republican National Committee]]. After Nixon's resignation in 1974, Bush was considered for appointment as the replacement Vice President, but new President [[Gerald Ford]] chose [[Nelson Rockefeller]] instead. Ford appointed Bush to be Chief of the U.S. Liaison Office in the [[People's Republic of China]]. (Since the United States at the time maintained official relations with the [[Republic of China]] on Taiwan and not the PRC, the Liaison Office did not have the official status of an embassy and Bush did not hold the position of "ambassador" even though he unofficially acted as one.) <br />
<br />
In 1975, Ford brought Bush back to Washington to become Director of Central Intelligence. The [[CIA]] had been rocked by a serious of revelations about illegal and unauthorized activities, and Bush helped to restore the agency's morale and integrity. In 1999, the CIA headquarters facility in [[Langley, Virginia]] was renamed the George Bush Center for Intelligence. <br />
<br />
After Democrat [[Jimmy Carter]] took the presidency in 1977, Bush became Chairman of the First International Bank in Houston. He also became a board member of the Committee on the Present Danger.<br />
<br />
== 1980 Presidential campaign ==<br />
{{Main|United States presidential election, 1980}}<br />
<br />
In the 1980 presidential election, Bush ran for the office, stressing his wide range of government experience. In the contest for the Republican Party nomination, despite Bush's establishment backing the front-runner was Ronald Reagan, the former Governor of [[California]], who was now running for President for the second time after narrowing losing the Republican nomination to Gerald Ford in 1976. The Bush campaign team coined the term "voodoo economics" to describe the supply-side economic theory that Reagan supported, but later he said he became "converted" and supported the policies as Vice President.<br />
<br />
Bush won the Iowa caucus to start the primary season. However, Reagan came back to decisively win the following [[New Hampshire]] primary. With a growing popularity among the Republican voting base, Reagan won most of the remaining primaries and the nomination. <br />
<br />
After some preliminary discussion of choosing former President Gerald Ford as his running mate, the original "dream" ticket, Reagan selected Bush as his Vice President, placing him on the winning Republican Presidential ticket of 1980 when current President [[Jimmy Carter]] was handily defeated. [[Image:Reagan_and_HWBush.jpg|left|thumb|200px|Vice President George H.W. Bush with President Ronald Reagan]]<br />
<br />
== Vice presidency ==<br />
<br />
As Vice President, Bush had influence on Reagan's staffing and was given many foreign affairs responsibilities. Bush was kept busy on overseas diplomatic trips; he attended so many state funerals that he famously quipped, "I'm George Bush. You die, I fly." Vice President Bush headed a task force over illegal drug trade and attended many high-level policy meetings in the [[White House]], including the national security council. Bush was seen as being a very loyal Vice President who supported his commander-in-chief even though he had come from a more moderate background. When President Reagan was shot and seriously wounded by [[John Hinckley, Jr.]] in March 1981, Vice President Bush performed the duties of President until he recovered. With a staff of 68 people Bush kept informed on international issues and maintained political [[friend]]ships, thus preparing him for a 1988 presidential campaign.<br />
<br />
In 1984, the Reagan/Bush ticket was re-elected in a landslide against the Democrats' [[Walter Mondale]]/[[Geraldine Ferraro]] ticket.<br />
<br />
== 1988 Presidential campaign ==<br />
{{Main|United States presidential election, 1988}}<br />
<br />
In 1988, after seven years as Vice President, Bush ran for President. Though considered the early front-runner for the nomination, Bush came in third in the Iowa caucus, beaten by winner U.S. Senator [[Bob Dole]] and runner-up televangelist [[Pat Robertson]]. Reagan himself remained neutral in the contest, choosing not to support any individual candidate. Bush was able to rebound to win the New Hampshire primary, much as Reagan had done against him 8 years earlier. Once the multiple-state primaries such as [[Super Tuesday]] began, Bush's organizational strength and fundraising lead were impossible for the other candidates to match, and the nomination was his. <br />
<br />
Leading up to the 1988 [[Republican National Convention]], there was much speculation as to Bush's choice of running mate. Bush chose little-known U.S. Senator [[Dan Quayle]] of [[Indiana]]. On the eve of the convention, Bush trailed Democratic nominee [[Michael Dukakis]], then [[Massachusetts]] governor, by double digits in many polls. He was aided during the convention by Reagan's speech, which eloquently passed the baton to Bush as the next leader of America and his own man. Bush had been dogged by the "wimp" moniker by the press and Reagan's speech was part of the process to remove that. When his turn came to speak at the convention, Bush, often criticized for his lack of eloquence compared to Reagan, surprised many by giving possibly the best speech of his public career, widely known as the "Thousand points of light" speech for his use of that phrase to describe his vision of American community. Bush's acceptance speech and a generally well-managed Convention catapulted him ahead of Dukakis in the polls, and he held the lead for the rest of the race. Bush's acceptance speech at the convention included the pledge, "Read my lips: no new taxes."<br />
<br />
In the [[United States presidential election, 1988|1988 Presidential election]] the Bush-Quayle ticket beat Michael Dukakis and Lloyd Bentsen soundly in the [[Electoral College]], by 426 to 111 (Lloyd Bentsen received one vote). In the nationwide popular vote, Bush took 53.4% of the ballots cast while Dukakis gained 45.6%.<br />
<br />
== Presidency (1989–1993) ==<br />
[[Image:Photo-01201989-ghwbush-square.jpg|right|thumb|175px|President George H. W. Bush Inauguration, 01/20/89]] George H. W. Bush succeeded Reagan as the 41st President of the United States. Rep. [[Jim Wright]] of Texas lead the opposition in the [[Speaker of the House|House as Speaker]], while the [[Exalted Cyclops]] [[Robert Byrd]] continued to lead the Democrats in the [[Senate]].<br />
<br />
===Administration===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Office<br />
! Name<br />
! Term<br />
|-<br />
| [[President]]<br />
| George H. W. Bush<br />
| 1989-1993<br />
|-<br />
| [[Vice President of the United States of America|Vice President]]<br />
| Dan Quayle<br />
| 1989-1993<br />
|-<br />
| [[Secretary of State]]<br />
| [[James Baker]]<br />
| 1989-1992<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
| [[Lawrence Eagleburger]]<br />
| 1992-1993<br />
|-<br />
| [[Secretary of Treasury]]<br />
| [[Nicholas Brady]]<br />
| 1989-1993<br />
|-<br />
| [[Secretary of Defense]]<br />
| [[Richard Cheney]]<br />
| 1989-1993<br />
|-<br />
| [[Attorney General]]<br />
| [[Dick Thornburgh]]<br />
| 1989-1991<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
| [[William Barr]]<br />
| 1991-1993<br />
|-<br />
| [[Secretary of Interior]]<br />
| [[Manuel Lujan]]<br />
| 1989-1993<br />
|-<br />
| [[Secretary of Agriculture]]<br />
| [[Clayton Yeutter]]<br />
| 1989-1993<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
| [[Edward Madigan]]<br />
| 1991–1993<br />
|-<br />
| [[Secretary of Commerce]]<br />
| [[Robert Mosbacher]]<br />
| 1989-1992<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
| [[Barbara Franklin]]<br />
| 1992-1993<br />
|-<br />
| [[Secretary of Labor]]<br />
| [[Elizabeth Dole]]<br />
| 1989-1990<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
| [[Lynn Martin]]<br />
| 1990-1993<br />
|-<br />
| [[Secretary of Health and Human Services]]<br />
| [[Louis Sullivan]]<br />
| 1989-1993<br />
|-<br />
| [[Secretary of Education]]<br />
| [[Lauro Cavazos]]<br />
| 1989-1990<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
| [[Lamar Alexander]]<br />
| 1990-1993<br />
|-<br />
| [[Secretary of Housing and Urban Development]]<br />
| [[Jack Kemp]]<br />
| 1989-1993<br />
|-<br />
| [[Secretary of Transportation]]<br />
| [[Samuel Skinner]]<br />
| 1989-1992<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
| [[Andrew Card]]<br />
| 1992-1993<br />
|-<br />
| [[Secretary of Energy]]<br />
| [[James Watkins]]<br />
| 1989–1993<br />
|-<br />
| [[Secretary of Veterans Affairs]]<br />
| [[Ed Derwinski]]<br />
| 1989-1993<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
==Domestic Policy==<br />
On domestic issues, there were few new programs launched and gridlock between the administration and Democratic-[[Congress]]. The economy was in a [[recession]] by late 1991.<br />
<br />
===Economy===<br />
With a large federal deficit, Democrats in Congress believed in raising taxes and Republicans believed in reducing federal domestic spending. President Bush and Congressional Democrats reached a compromise that would both have spending cuts and increased taxes, which would reduce the deficit $500 billion over five years as part of a 1990 budget agreement. In 1991 the U.S. entered into a mild recession. Unemployment was at 7.8%, although inflation and interest rates were at its lowest in years. The recession lasted for about six months, although Democrats made it an issue for two years.<br />
<br />
===Government Acts===<br />
On July 26, 1990, President Bush signed the [[Americans with Disabilities Act]], which stated that [[business]]es can not discriminate against a qualified individual with a disability. This includes job hiring, job training, [[worker's compensation]] and other terms. Bush also signed the Clean Air Act of 1990, [[environment]]al legislation that is aimed at reducing smog and [[air]] [[pollution]].<br />
<br />
[[File:Evergreen-chapel-tree-of-knowledge.jpg|thumb|left|Evergreen Chapel at Camp David]]<br />
While President, Bush arranged for the construction of the Evergreen Chapel at Camp David. It was built using funds raised by a nonprofit corporation formed by Kenneth Plummer, president of the National Lay Leaders Association of the United Methodist Church. He dedicated it in 1991.<br />
<br />
===Immigration===<br />
Bush signed the Immigration Act of 1990 into law, which increased migration levels and had a negative effect on the United States.<ref>Binder, John (December 6, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2018/12/06/bush-41s-mass-immigration-legacy-continues-taking-toll-on-u-s-3-decades-later/ Bush 41’s Mass Immigration Legacy Continues Taking Toll on U.S. 3 Decades Later]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved December 6, 2018.</ref><br />
<br />
===Supreme Court===<br />
President Bush appointed two Justices to the U.S. Supreme Court. Bush nominated Circuit Judge [[David Souter]] as an Associate Justice of the [[Supreme Court]] on July 25, 1990; he was sworn in in October after being confirmed by a 90–9 vote in the Senate. Senators [[John Kerry]] and [[Ted Kennedy]] opposed him, saying he was too [[conservative]], although on the court he usually voted with [[liberal]]s. On July 1, 1991, President Bush announced Judge [[Clarence Thomas]] to the Supreme Court to replace [[Thurgood Marshall]]. He was confirmed by a much more narrow 52–48.<br />
[[Image:Bush_and_Gorbachev_sign_agreements.jpg|left|thumb|275px|President Bush and President Gorbachev sign United States/Soviet Union agreements in the East Room of the White House, Washington, DC. 06/01/90]]<br />
<br />
==Foreign Policy==<br />
When the Bushes entered wars in the Middle East, it was the first time since William McKinley that a Republican party administration involved the United States in major armed conflicts. Foreign policy drove the Bush presidency from its first days. In his January 20, 1989, Inaugural Address upon taking the Presidency, Bush said:<br />
:''"I come before you and assume the Presidency at a moment rich with promise. We live in a peaceful, prosperous time, but we can make it better. For a new breeze is blowing, and a world refreshed by freedom seems reborn; for in man's heart, if not in fact, the day of the dictator is over. The totalitarian era is passing, its old ideas blown away like leaves from an ancient, lifeless tree. A new breeze is blowing, and a nation refreshed by freedom stands ready to push on. There is new ground to be broken, and new action to be taken."''<br />
<br />
===New World Order===<br />
<br />
Bush's Presidency was extraordinarily eventful from a foreign policy standpoint. Over the course of four years the [[Cold War]] ended, [[Germany]] reunified, the [[Soviet Union]] collapsed, American troops intervened in [[Panama]] to remove a criminal dictator and in [[Somalia]] to save people from starvation, and the United States led a coalition victory in the Persian [[Gulf War]] in [[Iraq]]. <br />
<br />
He differed from Reagan in some minor ways.<ref>See Maynard (2008)</ref> Most important, Bush upgraded the influence of the [[National Security Council]] and made its head Brent Scowcroft his most trusted advisor on international relations. Reagan had relegated the National Security Advisor to a more passive role. Second, he brought in a new team of top foreign policy officials, headed by his Secretary of State and long-time friend [[James Baker]]. (Baker had been Reagan's top aide in domestic affairs), Third, he concentrated on how to slowly ease Russia out of its dominant position in Eastern Europe without causing a violent backlash in Russia, thus allowing the peaceful takeover of [[East Germany]] by [[West Germany]].<ref>West Germany paid Russia many billions to take its soldiers home.</ref> Likewise, Bush refused to proclaim "victory" in the Cold War and tried to keep [[Mikhail Gorbachev]] in power as long as possible despite his fading popularity in Moscow. When the serio-comic [[Boris Yeltsin]] replaced Gorbachev in late 1991, Bush humored him and helped him stay in power as well.<br />
<br />
=== End of Cold War ===<br />
<br />
With the help of [[Secretary of State]] [[James Baker]], Bush used his strength in foreign policy and helped steer the world through a period of historic [[change]]. In 1989 the world watched in amazement as Germans tore down the [[Berlin Wall]], within a year West Germany and East Germany were reunited. Throughout the winter of 1989 [[communist]] governments in Eastern [[Europe]] crumbled. Democratic [[government]]s were created in [[Poland]], [[Hungary]], [[Czechoslovakia]], [[Romania]], and [[Bulgaria]]. As the [[Soviet Union]] was unraveling, President Bush and Soviet President [[Mikhail Gorbachev]] declared a U.S.-Soviet strategic partnership at the summit of July 1991, decisively marking the end of the [[Cold War]] with the Soviet breakdown that had begun under Ronald Reagan. In December 1991, Gorbachev announced the end of the Soviet Union. President Bush declared that U.S.-Soviet cooperation during the [[Persian Gulf War]] in 1990-1991 had laid the groundwork for a partnership in resolving bilateral and world problems.<br />
<br />
=== Crisis in China ===<br />
<br />
Despite the collapse of the Soviet Union and communist governments, [[China]]'s communist leaders were determined to stay in power. Although the country had relaxed controls of its economy, it continued to repress its citizens' political speech. In May 1989, Chinese [[student]]s and workers held demonstrations for [[democracy]]. In June, government tanks crushed their protests in Tiananmen Square in [[Beijing]], the country's capital. Many people were killed and hundreds of activists were arrested. Many were later sentenced to life.<br />
<br />
These events shocked the world. The United States and European countries halted arms sells with China and reduced their diplomatic contacts. President Bush resisted calls from congressional leaders for harsher sanctions, instead believing that [[trade]] and diplomacy would moderate China's behavior.<br />
<br />
=== Invasion of Panama ===<br />
[[Image:Ghwbush.jpg|right|thumb|275px|President Bush meets with Defense Secretary [[Richard Cheney]] and Joint Chiefs of Staff Chairman [[Colin Powell]], 08/15/90]]<br />
As President, Bush continued Reagan's [[war on drugs]]. In 1989 he ordered 24,000 United States troops into [[Panama]] to capture one-time anti-communist ally General [[Manuel Noriega]], the dictator of Panama, and return him to the United States to face drug charges after Noriega threatened American servicemen. U.S. troops then helped Panamanians hold elections and organize a new government. In 1992, an American court sentenced Noriega to serve 40 years in prison in the U.S. until his death in 2017.<br />
<br />
=== Persian Gulf War ===<br />
See: ''[[George H .W. Bush Address Before a Joint Session of Congress on the End of the Gulf War]]''<br />
<br />
[[Image:20.jpg|right|thumb|275px|President Bush talks with the troops in Saudi Arabia, 11/22/90]] During a July 25, 1990 meeting, April Glaspie had a meeting with Saddam Hussein indicating that he may have Kuwait claiming that whatever he does to solve his dispute is not within US interests.<ref>https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/90BAGHDAD4237_a.html</ref><ref>http://www.uruknet.de/?p=m45924&hd=&size=1&l=e</ref><ref>http://www.informationclearinghouse.info/article11376.htm</ref><ref>https://foreignpolicy.com/2011/01/09/wikileaks-april-glaspie-and-saddam-hussein/</ref> Leading up to the first [[Gulf War]], on September 11, 1990, President Bush addressing the United Nations stated: ''Out of these troubled times, our fifth objective -- a New World Order -- can emerge: a new era'' thus becoming the first President of the United States of America to openly state and work toward global governance.<br />
<br />
Bush is best known for leading the United Nations coalition in the 1991 Persian Gulf War. In 1990, led by [[Saddam Hussein]], [[Iraq]] invaded its oil-rich neighbor to the south, [[Kuwait]]. The broad coalition sought the limited objective of removing Iraqi forces from Kuwait and ensure that Iraq did not invade [[Saudi Arabia]]. Bush summed up his and the entire free world's position succinctly when he said, "This aggression will not stand," and "this is not a war for oil. This is war against aggression." <br />
<br />
Along with troops from the United States, Canadian, [[Europe]], and Arab Nations, President Bush launched "operation desert storm" in which dozens of cruise missiles and laser-guided bombs fell on Iraq, destroying its air defenses, bridges, artillery, and other military targets. Then the coalition launched a massive ground attack, were fewer then 300 coalition forces were killed with the war lasting just 100 hours. President Bush achieved his stated objectives of liberating Kuwait and forcing Iraqi withdrawal. President Bush's popularity rating in America soared during and immediately after the success of the military operations and American troops returned home to cheering crowds.<br />
<br />
=== NAFTA ===<br />
Bush's government, along with the Progressive-Conservative Canadian Prime Minister Brian Mulroney, spearheaded the negotiations of the [[North American Free Trade Agreement]] (NAFTA), which Bill Clinton signed in 1993. <br />
<br />
=== [[Israel]] ===<br />
George Bush resisted efforts by [[American Israeli Political Action Committee]] (AIPAC) and other organizations to secure American loan guarantees to assist Israel in the construction of new settlements in territories Israel occupied after the 1967 [[Six Day War]]. Bush's larger goal was to undermine the [[conservative]] [[Likud]] government and replace it with a [[leftist]] Labor coalition led by [[Yitzhak Rabin]]. Having secured the election of an Israel government more to its liking, Bush gave his support to a new loan guarantee package.<br />
<br />
=== Conflict in [[Somalia]] ===<br />
On December 4, 1992, President Bush ordered 28,000 U.S. troops to the east [[African]], war-torn nation Somalia, where rival warlords were preventing the distribution of humanitarian aid to its citizens. However, the mission lasted 15 months from having U.S. troops embroiled in Somalia's political conflict. In 1993, the new President [[Bill Clinton]] was anxious to bring all troops home. He did so on March 25, 1994, and as a result fighting in Somalia continued into the 21st century.<br />
<br />
== 1992 Presidential Campaign ==<br />
{{Main|United States presidential election, 1992}}<br />
<br />
During the 1980s, as President Reagan lead efforts to enable the Soviet Union to collapsed defense spending was increased, which later lead to the end of the Soviet empire as the Soviets could not compete with U.S. military ingenuity. However, in addition to this increase in spending to protect the United States, the Democrat-controlled Congress increased spending on social welfare programs. The resulting increase in the federal deficit helped lead to an economic recession which dogged most of Bush's term in office and was a contributing factor to his defeat in the 1992 Presidential election. <br />
<br />
Several other factors were key in his defeat, including siding with Congressional Democrats in 1990 to raise taxes despite his famous "Read my lips: No new taxes" pledge not to institute any new taxes. In doing so, Bush alienated many members of his conservative and libertarian base, losing their support for his re-election. The issue of foreign policy had faded into the background after the collapse of the USSR, courtesy of Ronald Reagan, which rendered it unimportant to voters in 1992. The failure to remove Saddam after Desert Storm later contributed to the perception that it was a failure, after the initial impression of success. While many believe Ross Perot's 1992 candidacy cost Bush re-election, when looking at [[Ross Perot]]'s pro-homosexual pro-abortion and protectionist stances, combined with Slick Willie's smooth talk and exit poll analysis of Perot's vote, it is clear that President Bush still would have lost without Perot in the race. Bill Clinton was able to capitalize on a Democrat Congress induced poor economy by telling the American public that Bush's tax hike raised taxes on the middle class, which shows 1992 to be a testament as to why Republicans must stick to economically conservative values. Bush's unpopular stance on life also cost him many votes with moderates, along with Pat Buchanan's famous "Culture War speech" which railed against baby-murder, homosexual privilege, and Bill Clinton's draft dodging. <br />
<br />
After the election, with the outbreak of war in Somalia, President Bush, a war hero, unlike Bill Clinton committed troops to Operation Restore Hope, and as the American public appreciated what they had, gave him a send-off approval rating of 56%.<br />
<br />
== Post-presidency ==<br />
<br />
Since leaving office, Bush has largely retired from public life. The Bushes live in [[Houston]] and their summer home in Kennebunkport, [[Maine]]. He holds his own fishing tournament in Islamorada, an island in the Florida Keys.<br />
<br />
In April 1993, the Iraqi Intelligence Service attempted to assassinate former President Bush via car bomb during a visit to [[Kuwait]]. However, Kuwaiti security foiled the car bomb plot. On June 26, 1993, the U.S. launched a missile attack targeting Baghdad intelligence headquarters in retaliation for the attempted attack against Bush.<br />
<br />
[[Image:Hires_20061007-1_ghwbush3-515hc.jpg|left|thumb|275px|President Bush with First Lady Barbara Bush, 10/07/06]] Bush has never written a memoir of his political life, and says he does not plan to. He has, however, published a book containing a series of collected letters (''All The Best, George Bush'', 1999), and co-authored a book on recent foreign policy issues with his former National Security Advisor, Brent Scowcroft (''A World Transformed'', 1998). He has given a number of paid speeches and participated in business ventures with the Carlyle Group.<br />
<br />
The George Bush Presidential Library and Museum is located on the southwest corner of the campus of [[Texas A&M]] University in College Station, Texas.<br />
<br />
George Bush Intercontinental Airport in Houston, Texas was renamed after the former president in 1997. The tenth ''Nimitz''-class [[aircraft carrier]] is named the USS ''George H. W. Bush'' and was launched in 2009.<br />
<br />
In 2001, he became the first president since [[John Adams]] to be the father of another president when his son George W. Bush, previously Governor of Texas, took office. During his term of office, George H. W. Bush was simply known as President George Bush, since his son had never held elective office and was not especially well known to the public. He is now commonly referred to with his initials as "George H.W. Bush" as well as by various nicknames and titles, including "Bush the Elder," "the first President Bush," "Bush 41," and simply "41", in order to avoid confusion between his presidency and that of his son. Although the names of the two men are similar, they are not identical—George W. Bush lacks his father's first middle name Herbert—so they are not known as "senior" and "junior."<br />
<br />
On June 12, 2004, he went skydiving in honor of his 80th birthday. It was his third parachute jump since World War II. He also made a jump on June 9, 1999, before his 75th birthday, and told reporters then he had also parachuted in [[Arizona]] two years earlier. The day before his 80th birthday jump, he and his son George both took part in eulogizing his predecessor, Ronald Reagan, at the latter's state funeral.<br />
<br />
On November 22, 2004, [[New York]] Republican Governor [[George Pataki]] named Bush and the other living former presidents (Gerald Ford, Jimmy Carter, and Bill Clinton) as honorary members of the board rebuilding the [[World Trade Center]].<br />
<br />
On January 3, 2005, Bush and Bill Clinton were named by the current President Bush to lead a nationwide campaign to help the victims of the Indian Ocean [[tsunami]]. Bush and Clinton both appeared on the [[Super Bowl XXXIX]] pre-game show on FOX in support of their bipartisan effort to raise money for relief of the disaster through the USA Freedom Corps, an action which Bush described as "transcending politics." Thirteen days later, they both traveled to the affected areas to see how the relief efforts are going.<br />
<br />
On August 31, 2005, following the devastation of the Gulf Coast by [[Hurricane Katrina]], Bush again teamed with Clinton to coordinate private relief donations. Reports were common that Bush and Clinton had developed a friendship by now, despite the latter having defeated the former in the 1992 election. (Such friendships were not unknown, as Gerald Ford and Jimmy Carter had developed one despite a similar history.) When Gerald R. Ford died in December 2006 George Bush became the oldest surviving President. On November 25, 2017, Bush became the longest-living U.S. president in history.<ref>Bowden, John (November 25, 2017). [https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/361795-bush-41-becomes-longest-living-president-in-us-history Bush 41 becomes longest-living president in US history]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved November 25, 2017.</ref><ref>Blake, Andrew (November 25, 2017). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2017/nov/25/george-hw-bush-lands-title-longest-lived-us-presid/ George H.W. Bush claims title of longest-living former U.S. president]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved November 25, 2017.</ref><ref>[https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2017/11/26/george-hw-bush-now-longest-living-president.html George HW Bush now longest-living president]. ''Fox News''. November 26, 2017. Retrieved November 26, 2017.</ref><br />
<br />
===Liberal advocacy and opposition to Donald Trump===<br />
In September 2013 Bush served as a witness for a [[same-sex "marriage"]],<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/reliable-source/wp/2013/09/25/george-h-w-bush-is-witness-at-same-sex-marriage-in-maine/</ref> showing that he has no regards for the fabric of society.<br />
<br />
Despite the fact that conservative businessman [[Donald Trump]] won the GOP primary, rather than establishment RINO [[Jeb Bush]], Bush the Elder stated he would vote for [[Hillary Clinton]], even though her [[far-left]] positions.<ref name="BushHRC"/> In May 2016, Bush stated of Trump that "I don't like him. I don't know much about him, but I know he's a blowhard. And I'm not too excited about him being a leader."<ref name="Blowhard">Multiple references:<br />
*De Diego, Javier; Gangel, Jamie (November 4, 2017). [https://www.cnn.com/2017/11/04/politics/the-last-republicans-bush-book/index.html George H.W. Bush labels Trump a 'blowhard' in new book]. ''CNN''. Retrieved November 4, 2017.<br />
*[https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2017/11/04/george-h-w-bush-calls-trump-blowhard-in-new-book-dont-like-him.html George H.W. Bush calls Trump a 'blowhard' in new book: 'I don't like him']. ''Fox News''. November 4, 2017. Retrieved November 4, 2017.<br />
*Rodriguez, Katherine (November 4, 2017). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2017/11/04/george-h-w-bush-trump-blowhard-motivated-certain-ego/ George H.W. Bush: Donald Trump Is a ‘Blowhard’ Motivated by a ‘Certain Ego’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved November 4, 2017.</ref> Bush confirmed that he voted for Clinton in the general election.<ref name="Blowhard"/><br />
<br />
While the [[liberal media]] was heavily biased against Bush during his presidency, it became favorable to him because of his liberal actions as president and his opposition to President Trump.<ref>Pollak, Joel B. (December 2, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2018/12/02/pollak-the-media-belatedly-loved-george-h-w-bush-for-the-wrong-reasons/ Pollak: The Media Belatedly Loved George H.W. Bush — For the Wrong Reasons]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved December 2, 2018.</ref><ref>Hurt, Charles (December 3, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2018/12/03/the-nuclear-option-medias-love-of-george-h-w-bush-about-hatred-of-donald-trump/ The Nuclear Option: Media’s Love of George H.W. Bush — About Hatred of Donald Trump]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved December 4, 2018.</ref><ref>Byas, Steve (December 7, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/usnews/politics/item/30841-bush-funeral-illustrates-usefulness-of-liberal-republicans-to-the-left Bush Funeral Illustrates Usefulness of Liberal Republicans to the Left]. ''The New American''. Retrieved December 8, 2018.</ref><br />
<br />
===Death===<br />
Bush died on November 30, 2018, at the age of 94.<ref>[https://www.foxnews.com/us/george-h-w-bush-41st-president-of-the-united-states-dead-at-94 George H.W. Bush, 41st president of the United States, dead at 94]. ''Fox News''. November 30, 2018. Retrieved November 30, 2018.</ref><ref>[https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/nov/30/george-hw-bush-dies-94/ George H.W. Bush, the 41st president, dead at 94]. ''The Washington Times''. December 1, 2018. Retrieved December 1, 2018.</ref><ref>Seib, Gerald F. (December 1, 2018). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/george-h-w-bush-americas-41st-president-and-father-of-43rd-dies-1543641078 George H.W. Bush, America’s 41st President and Father of 43rd, Dies]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved December 1, 2018.</ref><br />
<br />
== Family ==<br />
George Bush came from an old, rich [[Yankee]] family. He was the son of [[Prescott Bush]], Wall Street banker and liberal Republican Senator from Connecticut from 1952–1963.<br />
<br />
Upon his return from the war, George Bush married Barbara Pierce. Their marriage later produced six children: [[George Walker Bush]], Pauline Robinson Bush, John Ellis "Jeb" Bush (who became governor of Florida), Neil Mallon Bush, Marvin Bush, and Dorothy Bush Koch.<br />
<br />
==Bibliography==<br />
* Barilleaux, Ryan J., and Mark J. Rozell. ''Power and Prudence: The Presidency of George H.W. Bush'' (2004) [https://www.amazon.com/Power-Prudence-Presidency-George-Leadership/dp/1585442917/ref=pd_bbs_4/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1194367309&sr=8-4 excerpt and text search] <br />
* Beschloss, Michael R., and Strobe Talbott. ''At the Highest Levels: The Inside Story of the End of the Cold War'' (1993),<br />
* Bose, Meena, and Rosanna Perotti, eds. ''From Cold War to New World Order: The Foreign Policy of George H.W. Bush.'' (2002), 577 pp. essays by scholars [https://www.amazon.com/Cold-War-New-World-Order/dp/0313316821/ref=sr_1_2/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1194380341&sr=8-2 excerpt and text search]<br />
* Brands, H.W. "George Bush and the Gulf War of 1991." ''Presidential Studies Quarterly'' 34#1 (2004) pp.&nbsp;113+. [http://www.questia.com/read/5006516113 online edition]<br />
* Buckley, Kevin. ''Panama: The Whole Story'' (1991) [https://www.amazon.com/Panama-Kevin-Buckley/dp/0671778765/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1194367903&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search] <br />
* Campbell, Colin, and Bert A. Rockman, eds. ''The Bush Presidency: First Appraisals.'' (1991) 308pp [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=97419525 online edition]<br />
* Duffy, Michael, and Dan Goodgame. ''Marching in Place: The Status-Quo Presidency of George Bush'' (1992)<br />
* Congressional Quarterly. ''Congress and the Nation, vol. 8, 1989-1992'' (1993). massive 1300 page compendium of details<br />
* Feldman, Leslie D., and Rosanna Perotti. ''Honor and Loyalty: Inside the Politics of the George H.W. Bush White House'' (2002) [http://www.questia.com/read/106966311 online edition] <br />
* Freedman, Lawrence, and Efraim Karsh. ''The Gulf Conflict, 1990-1991: Diplomacy and War in the New World Order'' (1993)<br />
* Gordon, Michael R., and Bernard E. Trainor. ''The General's War: The Inside Story of the Conflict in the Gulf ''(1995). [https://www.amazon.com/Generals-War-Inside-Story-Conflict/dp/0316321001/ref=pd_bbs_2/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1194367768&sr=8-2 excerpt and text search] <br />
* Greene, John Robert. ''The Presidency of George Bush.'' (2000) 356pp; standard survey by scholar. ISBN 0-7006-0993-8. <br />
* Himelfarb, Richard, and Rosanna Perotti, eds. ''Principle Over Politics?: The Domestic Policy of the George H. W. Bush'' (2004) [https://www.amazon.com/Principle-Over-Politics-Presidency-Contributions/dp/0313321329/ref=sr_1_3/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1194380341&sr=8-3 excerpt and text search]<br />
* Hiro, Dilip. ''Desert Shield to Desert Storm: The Second Gulf War'' (1992)<br />
* Levy, Peter B. ''Encyclopedia of the Reagan-Bush Years'' (1996) 461pp [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=77341841 online edition]<br />
* Maynard, Christopher. ''Out of the Shadow: George H. W. Bush and the End of the Cold War'' (2008) 176pp. <br />
* Naftali, Timothy. ''George H. W. Bush: The American Presidents Series: The 41st President, 1989-1993'' (2007). short survey [https://www.amazon.com/George-Bush-Presidents-President-1989-1993/dp/0805069666/ref=pd_sim_b_title_2 excerpt and text search]<br />
* Rose, Richard. ''The Postmodern President: George Bush Meets the World'' (1991) [http://www.questia.com/read/98398503 online edition] <br />
* Tarpley, Webster Griffin, and Anton Chaitkin. ''George Bush: The Unauthorized Biography'' (2004), a hostile attack from the far left [https://www.amazon.com/George-Bush-Webster-Griffin-Tarpley/dp/0930852923/ref=sr_1_23/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1194367559&sr=8-23 excerpt and text search] <br />
* Tiefer, Charles. ''The Semi-Sovereign Presidency: The Bush Administration's Strategy for Governing Without Congress'' (1994), 216pp [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=14173303 online edition]<br />
* Yetiv, Steve A. ''Explaining Foreign Policy: U.S. Decision-<br />
Making and the Persian Gulf War'' (2004) [https://www.amazon.com/Explaining-Foreign-Policy-Decision-Making-Persian/dp/0801878101/ref=sr_1_7/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1194380341&sr=8-7 excerpt and text search] <br />
<br />
===Primary sources===<br />
* [http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/publications/ERP/ Council of Economic Advisors, ''Economic Report of the President'' (annual 1947- )], complete series online; important analysis of current trends and policies, plus statistcial tables<br />
* Bush, George H. W. ''All the Best, George Bush: My Life in Letters and Other Writings'' (2000) [https://www.amazon.com/All-Best-George-Bush-Writings/dp/0743200411/ref=pd_bbs_2/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1194367309&sr=8-2 excerpt and text search]<br />
* Bush, George H. W. and Brent Scowcroft. ''A World Transformed'' (1999), foreign policy. [https://www.amazon.com/World-Transformed-George-H-Bush/dp/0679752595/ref=pd_bbs_3/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1194367309&sr=8-3 excerpt and text search]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://www.history.navy.mil/faqs/faq10-1.htm War Record of LTJG George Bush]<br />
* [http://www.maam.org/flightsim/news/tbm_history.htm History's Youngest Naval Aviator]<br />
* [https://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/gb41.html White House biography]<br />
* [http://bushlibrary.tamu.edu/ George Bush Presidential Library and Museum]<br />
* [https://librivox.org/author/11306 Works by George H. W. Bush - text and free audio] - [[LibriVox]]<br />
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Bush, George Herbert Walker}}<br />
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{{USPresidents}}<br />
{{USVicePresidents}}<br />
{{Globalism}}<br />
{{Deep State}}<br />
{{Republican establishment}}<br />
[[Category:Former Heads of State]]<br />
[[Category:Former Heads of Government]]<br />
[[Category:Reagan Era]]<br />
[[Category:Cold War]]<br />
[[Category:United States Veterans]]<br />
[[Category:American War Heroes]]<br />
[[Category:Republicans]]<br />
[[Category:Moderate Republicans]]<br />
[[Category:Texas]]<br />
[[Category:Massachusetts]]<br />
[[Category:Connecticut]]<br />
[[Category:Maine]]<br />
[[Category:Homosexual Agenda]]<br />
[[Category:Establishment]]<br />
[[Category:RINOs]]<br />
[[Category:Globalists]]<br />
[[Category:Men]]<br />
[[Category:Republican Establishment]]</div>Reaganisawsomehttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Ronald_Reagan_Quotes&diff=2001833Ronald Reagan Quotes2023-11-07T17:22:59Z<p>Reaganisawsome: /* Quotes */ adding quote</p>
<hr />
<div>[[File:Reagan-at-durenberger-rally.jpg|Right|250px|thumb|President Reagan at a rally for Senator Durenberger]]<br />
This article lists a collection of [[Ronald Reagan]] quotes. Reagan (1911–2004) served as the 40th President of the United States of America from 1981 to 1989. He was the 33rd Governor of California (1967–1975), following a successful career in film and television. A [[conservative]], Reagan has been widely recognized as one of the greatest [[American]] Presidents.<br />
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==Quotes==<br />
* "Within the covers of the [[Bible]] are the answers for all the problems men face."<br />
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* "Freedom is never more than one generation away from extinction. We didn't pass it on to our children in the bloodstream. The only way they can inherit the freedom we have known is if we fight for it, protect it, defend it and then hand it to them with the well taught lessons of how they in their lifetime must do the same. And if you and I don't do this, then you and I may well spend our sunset years telling our children and our children's children what it once was like in America when men were free." - March 30, 1961<br />
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* "In this present crisis, government is not the solution to our problem; government is the problem." - [[Ronald Reagan's First Inaugural Speech]]<br />
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* "If Fascism Ever Comes to America, It Will Come in the Name of Liberalism" - Interview with Mike Wallace, 60 minutes, 1975<ref>[https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/ronald-reagan-fascism-liberalism/ Ronald Reagan: ‘If Fascism Ever Comes to America, It Will Come in the Name of Liberalism’]</ref><br />
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* "We're not cutting the budget simply for the sake of sounder financial management. This is only a first step toward returning power to the States and communities, only a first step toward reordering the relationship between citizen and government. We can make government again responsive to people not only by cutting its size and scope and thereby ensuring that its legitimate functions are performed efficiently and justly."<ref name=localities>[https://www.nytimes.com/1981/03/21/us/reagan-vows-shift-in-federal-powers.html REAGAN VOWS SHIFT IN FEDERAL POWERS], [[The New York Times]]</ref><ref>[https://www.reaganlibrary.archives.gov/archives/speeches/1981/32081b.htm Remarks at the Conservative Political Action Conference Dinner], March 20, 1981</ref><br />
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* "We don't have inflation because we are living too well. We have it because government is living too well." <ref>[https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/televised-campaign-address-vital-economy-jobs-growth-and-progress-for-americans Televised Campaign Address "A Vital Economy: Jobs, Growth, and Progress for Americans"], October 24, 1980</ref><br />
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* "I won the nickname the great communicator. But I never thought it was my style that made a difference - it was the content. I wasn't a great communicator, but I communicated great things, and they didn't spring full blown from my brow, they came from the heart of a great nation, from our experience, our wisdom, and our belief in the principles that have guided us for two centuries."<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/265509.stm Reagan: The great communicator], [[BBC]]</ref><br />
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* "[[Socialist]]s ignore the side of man that is of the spirit. They can provide shelter, fill your belly with bacon and beans, treat you when you are ill, all the things that are guaranteed to a prisoner or a slave. They don't understand that we dream - yes, even of some time owning a yacht."<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9ut8fnmwVkwC&pg=PA91#v=onepage&q&f=false|last1=Skinner|first1=Kiron K.|last2=Anderson|first2=Annelise A.|title=Stories in His Own Hand: The Everyday Wisdom of Ronald Reagan ; Edited with an Introduction and Commentary by Kiron K. Skinner, Annelise Anderson, Martin Anderson ; Foreword by George P. Shultz|date=2001|publisher=Simon and Schuster|isbn=9781416584506}}</ref><br />
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* "I have wondered at times what the [[Ten Commandments]] would have looked like if [[Moses]] had run them through the [[US Congress]]." <ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=tzR2IgNgRK4C&pg=PA160&dq=I+have+wondered+at+times+what+the+Ten+Commandments+would+have+looked+like+if+Moses+had+run+them+through+the+US+Congress&ei=8GsPSrrnOI_CzATl8sGMCw Chapter 9 Page 160] The United States Congress by Ross M. English</ref><br />
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*"The house we hope to build is not for my generation but for yours. It is your future that matters. And I hope that when you are my age, you will be able to say as I have been able to say: We lived in freedom. We lived lives that were a statement, not an apology." - January 20, 1981<br />
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*"We don't intend to turn the Republican Party over to the traitors in the battle just ended. We will have no more of those candidates who are pledged to the same goals of our opposition and who seek our support. Turning the party over to the so-called moderates wouldn't make any sense at all."<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=0BafgsBIlrwC&pg=PA96 The Age of Reagan: The Fall of the Old Liberal Order: 1964-1980]</ref><br />
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*"The more the plans fail, the more the planners plan."<br />
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*"Peace is the highest aspiration of the American People. We will negotiate for it, sacrifice for it, we will never surrender for it, now or ever." - January 20, 1981<br />
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*"We have every right to dream heroic dreams. Those who say that we're in a time when there are no heroes, they just don't know where to look." - January 20, 1981<br />
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*"I'm convinced that today the majority of Americans want what those first Americans wanted: a better life for themselves and their children; a minimum of government authority. There are those in America today who have come to depend absolutely on government for their security. And when government fails, they seek to rectify that failure in the form of granting government more power. So, as government has failed to control crime and violence with the means given it by the Constitution, they seek to give it more power at the expense of the Constitution. But in doing so, in their willingness to give up their arms in the name of safety, they are really giving up their protection from what has always been the chief source of despotism: government. Lord Acton said power corrupts. Surely then, if this is true, the more power we give the government, the more corrupt it will become. And if we give it the power to confiscate our arms, we also give up the ultimate means to combat that corrupt power. In doing so, we can only assure that we will eventually be totally subject to it. When dictators come to power, the first thing they do is take away the people's weapons. It makes it so much easier for the secret police to operate, it makes it so much easier to force the will of the ruler upon the ruled." - ''Guns and Ammo'', September, 1975<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=yTDyAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA31 The Deepest and Noblest Aspirations]</ref><br />
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*"I've learned in Washington, that that's the only place where sound travels faster than light." - December 12, 1983<br />
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*"The challenge of statesmanship is to have the vision to dream of a better, safer world and the courage, persistence, and patience to turn that dream into reality." - March 8, 1985<br />
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*"I have only one thing to say to the tax increasers: Go ahead, make my day." - March 13, 1985, in a speech threatening to veto legislation raising taxes.<ref name=phrases>[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/3638320/ Phrases that defined a career], [[MSNBC]]</ref><br />
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*"A leader, once convinced a particular course of action is the right one, must have the determination to stick with it and be undaunted when the going gets rough." - December 5, 1990 <br />
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*"If you seek peace, if you seek prosperity for the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, if you seek liberalization: Come here, to this gate. Mr. Gorbachev, open this gate. Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall." —Speech at the Berlin Wall, June 12, 1987<ref name=phrases /><br />
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*"...I know it's hard when you're up to your armpits in alligators to remember you came here to drain the swamp." - February 10, 1982 <br />
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*"There is no question that we have failed to live up to the dreams of the [[Founding Fathers]] many times and in many places. Sometimes we do better than others. But all in all, the one thing we must be on guard against is thinking that because of this, the system has failed. The system has not failed. Some human beings have failed the system." - June 21, 1973<br />
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*"We have some hippies out there in the Haight-Ashbury district in San Francisco, one of them the other day was given some advice to his companions, he says: "you know, your parents take care of you until you're 21, the government takes care of you after you're 65, you've only got 44 lousy years you gotta look out for yourself.<br />
<br />
:This fellow that was doing the talking had a haircut like tarzan, he walked like Jane, and smelled like cheeta."<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yfg9WL6j5V4 Ronald Reagan slams the hippies]</ref><br />
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*"The work of volunteer groups throughout our country represents the very heart and soul of America. They have helped make this the most compassionate, generous, and humane society that ever existed on the face of this earth." - October 16, 1973<br />
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*"Realize that the doctor's fight against socialized medicine is your fight. We can't socialize the doctors without socializing the patients"<br />
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*"If some among you fear taking a stand because you are afraid of reprisals from customers, clients, or even government, recognize that you are just feeding the crocodile hoping he'll eat you last."<br />
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*"In America, our origins matter less than our destination, and that is what democracy is all about." - August 17, 1992<ref>http://www.reaganfoundation.org/reagan/quotes/default.asp</ref><br />
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*"These are the boys of Pointe du Hoc. These are the men who took the cliffs. These are the champions who helped free a continent. These are the heroes who helped end a war."<ref>[https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/watch-reagan-delivers-famous-boys-of-pointe-du-hoc-d-day-speech/article/2565718 Watch: Reagan delivers famous 'Boys of Pointe du Hoc' D-Day speech]</ref><br />
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*"Latinos are Republicans - they just don't know it yet."<ref>[http://articles.latimes.com/2012/apr/18/opinion/la-oe-jacoby-rubio-dream-act-20120418 How Romney could win over Latinos], [[Los Angeles Times]]</ref><br />
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*"It is freedom itself that still hangs in the balance, and freedom is never more than one generation from extinction." - Commencement address to The Citadel, 1993<br />
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*"I've noticed that everybody that is for [[abortion]] has already been born."<ref>[https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/presidential-debate-baltimore-reagan-anderson Presidential Debate in Baltimore (Reagan-Anderson)], September 21, 1980</ref><br />
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*"Our people look for a cause to believe in. Is it a third party we need, or is it a new and revitalized second party, raising a banner of no pale pastels, but bold colors which make it unmistakably clear where we stand on all of the issues troubling the people?", [[Let Them Go Their Way]] <br />
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*"Government does not solve problems; it subsidizes them."<br />
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*"If we ever forget that we are One Nation Under God, then we will be a nation gone under" - Aug. 23, 1984<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=ViUb1DLpnS4C&pg=RA1-PA373&dq=%22ever+forget+that+we+are+One+Nation+Under+God%22&lr=&as_drrb_is=q&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=&num=30&as_brr=0&as_pt=ALLTYPES ''Treasury of Presidential Quotations''], William J. Federer, ed. p 373</ref><br />
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*"If you can't make them see the light, make them feel the heat." <ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=Xn4JEGVh-bYC&pg=PA93&dq=When+you+can%27t+make+them+see+the+light,+make+them+feel+the+heat.&ei=tvAlSsrrKZOCygS9_qycBw Ronald Reagan: how an ordinary man became an extraordinary leader], by Dinesh D'Souza, Page 93</ref><br />
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*"I, too, have always believed that God's greatest gift is human life and that we have a duty to protect the life of an unborn child." <ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=65Sd1VzUBacC&q=We+have+the+duty+to+protect+the+life+of+an+unborn+child&dq=We+have+the+duty+to+protect+the+life+of+an+unborn+child&ei=rf5USpawCZnkygTa8LyVBw Ronald Reagan] by Office of the Federal Register</ref><br />
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*"Concentrated power has always been the enemy of liberty." <ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=aF8YAAAAIAAJ&dq=Concentrated+power+has+always+been+the+enemy+of+liberty&ei=FE6PSuHhCYuSygSV-fCzBw War and conflict quotations] P.105, by Michael C. Thomsett, Jean F. Thomsett</ref><br />
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*"The nearest thing to eternal life we will ever see on this earth is a government program."<br />
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*"some years ago, the [[federal government]] declared [[war on poverty]], and poverty won."<br />
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*"Criminals are not bigoted and they are color blind; they roam and rob and maim and murder without reference to race, religion or neighborhood boundaries. We must reject the idea that every time a law's broken, society is guilty rather than the lawbreaker. It is time to restore the American precept that each individual is accountable for his actions."<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=XZ9CAAAAIAAJ&q=%22It+is+time+to+restore+the+American+precept+that+each+individual+is+accountable+for+his+actions%22&dq=%22It+is+time+to+restore+the+American+precept+that+each+individual+is+accountable+for+his+actions%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj-oPay5JnPAhWIbSYKHW9qBi84FBDoAQgbMAA The Presidential Nominating Conventions, 1968]</ref><br />
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*"(''[[Human Events]]'') helped me stop being a liberal Democrat."<ref>[http://humanevents.com/2011/02/05/reagans-newspaper/ Reagan’s Newspaper], ''[[Human Events]]''</ref><br />
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*"The nine most terrifying words in the English language are: I'm from the government and I'm here to help"<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xhYJS80MgYA The Nine Most Terrifying Words]</ref><br />
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*"Government's view of the economy could be summed up in a few short phrases: If it moves, tax it. If it keeps moving, regulate it. And if it stops moving, subsidize it."<br />
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*"How do you tell a communist? Well, it's someone who reads Marx and Lenin. And how do you tell an anti-Communist? It's someone who understands Marx and Lenin."<br />
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*"Government's first duty is to protect the people, not run their lives."<br />
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*"My fellow Americans, I'm pleased to tell you today that I've signed legislation that will outlaw Russia forever. We begin bombing in five minutes."<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8mwAntNGz9k Ronald Reagan "Outlaws Russia" on August 11 1984]</ref><br />
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*"Man is not free unless government is limited."<br />
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*"You won't get gun control by disarming law abiding citizens. There's only one way to get real gun control: Disarm the thugs and the criminals, lock them up, and if you don't actually throw away the key, at least lose it for a long time."<ref>[https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=41545 Remarks at a California Republican Party Fund-raising Dinner in Long Beach], June 30, 1983</ref><br />
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*"I have left orders to be awakened at any time in case of national emergency, even if I'm in a cabinet meeting."<br />
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*"No arsenal or no weapon in the arsenals of the world is so formidable as the will and moral courage of free men and women."<br />
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*"Some people wonder all their lives if they've made a difference. The Marines don't have that problem."<br />
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*"Government is like a baby. An alimentary canal with a big appetite at one end and no sense of responsibility at the other."<br />
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*"I would hope that I would accomplish something for which I would be remembered."<br />
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*"This fellow they've nominated claims he's the new Thomas Jefferson. Well let me tell you something, I knew Thomas Jefferson. He was a friend of mine, and governor, you're no Thomas Jefferson."<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tiNVqYwVfWE Ronald Reagan - Governor, You're No Thomas Jefferson]</ref><br />
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* "When it comes to the canal, we built it, we paid for it, it's ours, and we are going to keep it."<ref name=canal>[https://books.google.com/books?id=qpfzsnHAzZAC&pg=PA315 Gerald Ford and the Challenges of the 1970s]</ref><br />
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*"The march of freedom and democracy which will leave Marxism-Leninism on the ash-heap of history as it has left other tyrannies which stifle the freedom and muzzle the self-expression of the people."<ref name=westminster>[https://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2002/06/reagans-westminster-speech 20 Years Later: Reagan's Westminster Speech], [[Heritage Foundation]]</ref><br />
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*"The British people know that, given strong leadership, time and a little bit of hope, the forces of good ultimately rally and triumph over evil. Here among you is the cradle of self-government, the Mother of Parliaments. Here is the enduring greatness of the British contribution to mankind, the great civilized ideas: individual liberty, representative government, and the rule of law under God."<ref name=westminster /><br />
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*"No Republican, no matter how liberal, is going to woo a Democratic vote; but a Republican bucking the giveaway trend might re-create some voters who have been staying home."<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1984/10/27/us/on-the-record-text-of-1960-reagan-letter.html On the Record ; Text of 1960 Reagan Letter]</ref><br />
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*"Those who seek to inflict harm are not fazed by gun control laws. I happen to know this from personal experience."<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZbRNNSNcFPw 1983 NRA speech]</ref><br />
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*"The Constitution does not say Government shall decree the right to keep and bear arms. The Constitution says "the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed."<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZbRNNSNcFPw 1983 NRA speech]</ref><br />
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*"“Let us pray for the salvation of all of those who live in that totalitarian darkness—pray they will discover the joy of knowing God…But until they do, let us be aware that while they preach the supremacy of the State, declare its omnipotence over individual man, and predict its eventual domination of all peoples on the earth, they are the focus of evil in the modern world”. - March 8, 1983<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|colwidth=35em}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Ronald Reagan]]</div>Reaganisawsomehttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Ronald_Wilson_Reagan&diff=1998230Ronald Wilson Reagan2023-10-26T14:34:37Z<p>Reaganisawsome: /* Sunset */ he had Alzheimer's in 1994.</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Officeholder<br />
|name=Ronald Wilson Reagan<br />
|image=Ronald-reagan by kinstler.jpg<br />
|party=[[Republican]] (formerly [[Democrat]])<br />
|spouse= Jane Wyman<br/>[[Nancy Davis Reagan]]<br />
|religion=[[Presbyterian]]<br />
|offices=<br />
{{Officeholder/president<br />
|country=the United States<br />
|number=40th<br />
|terms=January 20, 1981 – January 20, 1989<br />
|vp=[[George H. W. Bush]]<br />
|preceded=[[Jimmy Carter]]<br />
|former=y<br />
|succeeded=[[George H. W. Bush]]<br />
}}<br />
{{Officeholder/governor<br />
|number=33rd<br />
|state=California<br />
|terms=January 2, 1967 – January 6, 1975<br />
|preceded=[[Pat Brown|Edmund G. "Pat" Brown, Sr.]]<br />
|former=y<br />
|succeeded=[[Jerry Brown|Edmund G. "Jerry" Brown, Jr.]]<br />
}}<br />
|military=y<br />
|allegiance=United States<br />
|branch=Army Reserve, Air Force<br />
|serviceyears=1937-1946<br />
|rank=Captain<br />
}}<br />
'''Ronald Wilson Reagan''' (February 6, 1911 – June 5, 2004, age 93) served as the 40th [[President of the United States of America]] from 1981 to 1989. He was the 33rd Governor of [[California]] (1967–1975), following a successful career in film and television. He was one of the greatest American Presidents and part of the conservative movement since the late 1970s. His victorious presidential debate with Jimmy Carter a week before the 1980 presidential election was the most-watched presidential debate in history until [[Donald Trump]]'s first debate with [[Hillary Clinton]] in 2016.<br />
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Reagan was a [[movement conservative]] who succeeded in moving the nation to the right in terms of reducing federal regulation and lowering taxes. He promoted individual liberty and the conviction that government was the problem and private enterprise the solution. He cut taxes but despite his proposals, spending and the federal deficit went up. After a short sharp recession early in his first term, the economy was strong by 1984. Proclaiming "It's Morning Again in America", Reagan carried 49 of 50 states to win reelection. He moved the [[Supreme Court]] and the federal courts to the right with his appointments. <br />
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Reagan's [[Supply-side economics|supply-side economic]] policies were based on the [[libertarian]] ideas of [[Milton Friedman]] and the [[Chicago School of Economics]]. "Reaganomics" was based on the idea that tax cuts will spur savings and investment. Reagan was strongly opposed to the concept of [[Big government]], advocating a reduction in the size and budget of the federal government. During his terms in office, he faced a divided Congress split between Republican and Democratic control for six of his eight years as president. Reagan was known for forging alliances with "[[Conservative Coalition|boll weevil]]" (conservative) Democrats to overcome the apparent majority led by Democratic Speaker [[Tip O'Neill]].<br />
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In foreign affairs, Reagan rejected ''détente'' with the [[Soviet Union]], but not with [[China]]. His massive defense buildup forced the Soviets to confront their crumbling financial base. He rejected the legitimacy of Communism and in the [[Reagan Doctrine]] systematically challenged and eventually destroyed Soviet strength in the Third World. After 1986 the new leadership of [[Mikhail Gorbachev]] who tried desperately to rescue Communism by cutting its losses; they came to terms with Reagan; the Communist empire collapsed in 1989 a few months after Reagan left office, and Communism was abolished (and Gorbachev repudiated) by Russia in 1991. Reagan is thus credited with achieving victory in the Cold War.<ref>Knopf (2004)</ref><ref>Multiple references:<br />
*Pinkerton, James P. (November 10, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2019/11/10/pinkerton-thirty-years-after-fall-wall-lets-recall-ronald-reagan-man-who-called-it/ Pinkerton: Thirty Years After the Fall of the Wall, Let’s Recall Ronald Reagan, the Man Who Called It]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved November 12, 2019.<br />
*Akan, Emel (November 20, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/lessons-from-reagans-epochal-battle-against-communism_3152456.html Reagan’s Epochal Battle Against Communism Offers Lessons]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved November 20, 2019.<br />
*Edards, Lee (December 26, 2019). [https://thehill.com/opinion/national-security/474669-how-ronald-reagan-won-the-cold-war How Ronald Reagan won the Cold War]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved December 26, 2019.</ref><br />
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Always distrustful of nuclear weapons, Reagan initiated [[missile defense]] (SDI), a space-based system to defend against nuclear missiles. The inability of the Soviet Union to match this new technological breakthrough forced it to agree to Reagan's terms for ending the Cold War. In leading the rollback of Communism in Europe, he battled powerful liberal forces that called instead for détente (peaceful relations) with Communism. As the Soviet system faltered and Gorbachev accepted Reagan's terms, ensured an unprecedented level of nuclear disarmament. His signature phrase in dealing with Communists was "trust, but verify." <br />
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In his most famous challenges to Communism, Reagan went to the Brandenburg Gate and gave the Soviets the American terms for ending the Cold War: "Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall!" The Soviets were forced to agree, and watched their empire collapse overnight in late 1989, a few months after Reagan was succeeded as president by his Vice President [[George H.W. Bush]]. At the closing of his presidency, Reagan compared America to that "[[Shining city upon a hill]]", a beacon of Liberty for all who still live in the darkness of totalitarian rule.<ref>[https://dailycaller.com/2011/02/04/reagan-shining-city-hill/ Reagan saw the shining city on the hill], [[Daily Caller]]</ref><br />
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As a great communicator, and leader of the Republican party, he added a new base of "Reagan Democrats" (blue-collar workers who were social conservatives), religious [[evangelical]]s, and [[neoconservative]]s; his success became the model for Republicans into the 21st century. <br />
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By all accounts, including by many of his adversaries, Reagan was a highly intelligent individual with an excellent sense of humor. He also contributed many new well-thought-through [[insight]]s to the general public that were not previously available.<ref>Tear Down This Wall, Laffer Curve, etc. See [[conservative insights]]</ref><br />
[[File:Reagan's signature.jpg|Right|285px|thumb|Ronald Reagan's signature]]<br />
[[File:Reagan-at-durenberger-rally.jpg|Right|500px|thumb|Ronaldus Magnus]]<br />
<br />
== Reagan's Conservatism ==<br />
In a speech, immediately after assuming the presidency in 1981, he outlined his philosophy. After listing "intellectual leaders like [[Russell Kirk]], [[Friedrich Hayek]], [[Henry Hazlitt]], [[Milton Friedman]], [[James Burnham]], [[Ludwig von Mises]]" as the ones who "shaped so much of our thoughts," he discussed only one of these influences at length:<br />
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*It's especially hard to believe that it was only a decade ago, on a cold April day on a small hill in upstate New York, that another of these great thinkers, [[Frank Meyer]], was buried. He'd made the awful journey that so many others had: He pulled himself from the clutches of "The [communist] God That Failed,'' and then in his writing fashioned a vigorous new synthesis of traditional and libertarian thought -- a synthesis that is today recognized by many as modern conservatism.<br />
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*It was [[Frank Meyer]] who reminded us that the robust individualism of the American experience was part of the deeper current of Western learning and culture. He pointed out that a respect for law, an appreciation for tradition, and regard for the social consensus that gives stability to our public and private institutions, these civilized ideas must still motivate us even as we seek a new economic prosperity based on reducing government interference in the marketplace.<br />
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*Our goals complement each other. We're not cutting the budget simply for the sake of sounder financial management. This is only a first step toward returning power to the States and communities, only a first step toward reordering the relationship between citizen and government. We can make government again responsive to the people by cutting its size and scope and thereby ensuring that its legitimate functions are performed efficiently and justly.<ref>[http://acuf.org/issues/issue13/040606news.asp Ronald Reagan's Conservative Legacy, ACUF]</ref> Reagan rose to power speaking of [[Traditional values]] such as hard work, faith, family, God and patriotism (ideas that liberals call "racist"). Reagan strongly opposed progressive taxation, redistribution of wealth, the welfare state, and nationalization.<br />
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Political analyst Henry Olsen argues in ''The Working Class Republican'' that Reagan's political views were more closely aligned with [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] than typically thought, and that Reagan was more of a traditional blue-collar, working-class conservative than a libertarian.<ref>Olsen, Henry (2017). ''The Working Class Republican''. New York: HarperCollins. ISBN 9780062475268.</ref><ref>Hayward, John (November 1, 2017). [https://www.breitbart.com/radio/2017/11/01/henry-olsen-reagan-trump-blue-collar-coalitions-mirror-images/ Henry Olsen: Reagan and Trump Blue-Collar Coalitions Are ‘Mirror Images of Each Other’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved November 3, 2017.</ref><br />
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==Early life==<br />
[[File:Ronald Reagan Young Boy.jpg|left|160px|thumb|Jack Reagan, Neil, Ronald, and his mother Nelle (from left to right) Photograph circa 1916–17.]]<br />
Reagan was born in [[Tampico, Illinois]], the second son of John (Jack) Edward and Nelle Wilson Reagan. The family finally settled in Dixon, Illinois in 1920 after years of moving from town to town. Jack Reagan nicknamed his younger son “Dutch", claiming he looked like “a fat little Dutchman.”<ref>[http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/reference/facts.html Ronald Reagan Facts]: Physical Description, Favorites, Dislikes, Firsts in Life, Nickname, and Religion</ref> Reagan's father was a working-class Irish Catholic, and an active Democrat. Unemployed during the [[Great Depression]], Jack Reagan held a minor position in the [[WPA]] during the [[New Deal]]. Reagan recalled numerous alcoholic episodes that cost his father many job opportunities. Nelle Reagan, a devout member of the [[Disciples of Christ]], greatly influenced her son, who remained a lifelong Protestant. <br />
[[File:Reagan_graduation.jpg|right|160px|thumb|1932 photo taken after his graduation from Eureka College]]<br />
He attended [[Eureka College]], a small Disciples school where he developed a reputation as a "jack of all trades", excelling in campus politics, sports and theater. Reagan was a member of several athletic organizations including the football and track teams, the basketball cheerleading squad, and captain of the swimming team. He was also yearbook editor and was elected student body president. Reagan was a political liberal at that point and led a student revolt against the college president. In his first year at Eureka, the president of the college tried to cut back the faculty. Reagan helped organize a student strike. He received his degree in economics and sociology in 1932.<ref>[http://www.asanet.org/students/famous.cfm Famous Sociology Majors]</ref><br />
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To pay for college, Reagan worked many low-wage jobs such as cooking hamburgers and washing tables. He also worked as a lifeguard at Lowell Park on the Rock River in Dixon for seven summers, where he saved seventy-seven swimmers from drowning.<ref>[https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/timeline/reagan/ Timeline of Ronald Reagan’s Life], [[PBS]]</ref><br />
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After college Reagan became a radio sports announcer in Iowa. Although he was originally only hired to announce the [[University of Iowa]] football games, he became so popular in the Midwest he began covering Chicago Cubs baseball games at Wrigley Field. He also wrote sports columns in the Des Moines ‘’Dispatch’’.<br />
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===Reagan as Disciple===<br />
Reagan took religious values into the presidency that he learned from his [[Disciples of Christ]] background at home and at Eureka College, a Disciples school. He was strongly influenced by Ben Hill Cleaver, the minister of the First Christian Church<ref>The formal name of the denomination is the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ).</ref> in Dixon, Illinois, during the 1920s, and by Reagan's mother, Nelle, an active member of the church. At many points the positions taken by the Disciples Church of Reagan's youth coincided with the words, if not the beliefs of the latter-day Reagan. These positions included faith in Providence, the association of America's mission with God's will, belief in progress, trust in the work ethic and admiration for those who achieved wealth, an uncomfortableness with literature and art that questioned the family or challenged notions of proper sexual behavior, the presumption that poverty is an individual problem best left to charity rather than the state, sensitivity to problems involving alcohol and drugs, and reticence to use government to protect civil rights for minorities. Reagan's experiences in the church and with the Cleavers provided early training in public speaking and offered a way of learning in which acting played a central part. Reagan's use of the jeremiad and his fusing of Judeo-Christianity<ref>[https://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/ronaldreaganreligiousliberty.htm Ronald Reagan]. National Affairs Campaign Address on Religious Liberty (Abridged) - delivered 22 August 1980, Dallas Reunion Arena, Dallas, Texas.</ref><ref>Tom Freiling (2003). ''Reagan's God and Country: A President's Moral Compass''. p. 19.</ref><ref>Reagan, R. (2005). Memorial Services in the Congress of the United States and Tributes in Eulogy of Ronald Reagan, Late a President of the United States. United States: U.S. Government Printing Office, [https://books.google.com/books?id=L-Oup8TM63MC&pg=PA24 p. 24].</ref><ref name=ae1966/> and patriotism into a civil religion also have their roots in this early period. For her part, Nelle was a pillar of the church and the one who provided stability to the shaky Reagan family when the head was drunkard and a poor provider. She helped spark her son's interest in acting and believed the stage could be a force for noble purposes.<ref>Stephen Vaughn, "The Moral Inheritance of a President: Reagan and the Dixon Disciples of Christ." ''Presidential Studies Quarterly'' 1995 25(1): 109-127. 0360-4918</ref><br />
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==Hollywood==<br />
[[File:Reagan1953.jpg|thumb|left|250px|1953 film ''Law and Order'', starring Reagan and Dorothy Malone]]<br />
In 1937 Reagan traveled to [[Hollywood]] to cover the Chicago Cubs's spring training games and look at prospects in the film industry. Warner Brothers studio offered him a one-year contract with a starting salary of $200 a week. He made his first on-screen debut in the 1937 movie ''Love is On the Air'',<ref>[http://www.tcm.com/this-month/article/161292|0/Love-is-On-the-Air.html Love is on the Air]</ref> then became famous starring in numerous "B" movies, where he typically played a supporting character rather than the leading role. In 1941 Reagan gave a well-received performance in the [[Academy Award|Oscar]] nominated film ''Kings Row''. Other notable movies include ''Knute Rockne'', ''The Hasty Heart'', and the film ''Brother Rat'', which is where Reagan first met his future wife Jane Wyman.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=7rBLCZuEOswC&pg=PA189 President Reagan: The Role of a Lifetime]</ref> During the war Reagan was in the Air Force where he was assigned to make training films.<br />
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===Military Service===<br />
Intertwined with his career as an actor, Reagan also served in the military. He enlisted in the Army Enlisted Reserve on April 29, 1937, and transferred to the Army Air Forces (AAF) in 1942.<ref name=service>[https://reaganlibrary.archives.gov/archives/reference/military.html Military Service of Ronald Reagan]</ref> Poor eyesight kept him from being sent into overseas combat. He would instead produce training films for the AAF Public Relations and subsequently, to the 1st Motion Picture Unit in Culver City, California.<br />
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By the end of the war, his units had produced some 400 training films for the Army Air Forces. He resumed his Hollywood career on release in 1946, and his Reserve Commission automatically terminated on April 1, 1953.<br />
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While serving, Reagan was promoted several times. On January 4, 1943, he was promoted to First Lieutenant. On July 22, 1943, was promoted to Captain.<ref name=service /><br />
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===Return to Hollywood===<br />
[[Image:Reagantheater.jpg|right|thumb|205px|Ronald Reagan and General Electric Theater. 1954–62.]]<br />
Reagan's movie career faded in the late 1940s but he made a successful transition to television, especially as a host, and became a celebrity on the speakers' circuit. He traveled the country as a motivation speaker for [[General Electric]], attracting highly appreciative audiences for his polished, witty speeches based on a wide reading in current events and libertarian economic principles. Reagan also starred in the 1960s television series ''[[Death Valley Days]].'' By 1964, he had appeared in more than fifty films.<br />
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===Friendship with Billy Graham===<br />
Reagan first met [[Billy Graham]] in the mid 1950s<ref name=focus>[http://jimdaly.focusonthefamily.com/a-story-of-billy-graham-and-ronald-reagan/ A Story of Billy Graham and Ronald Reagan], [[Focus on the Family]]</ref><ref>[https://www.foxnews.com/story/2004/06/08/transcript-ronald-reagan-friendship-with-billy-graham.html Transcript: Ronald Reagan's Friendship With Billy Graham], [[Fox News]]</ref> around the time that Reagan started with GE, and they remained friends for many years.<br />
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Graham was very impressed with Reagan's ability to effectively manage criticism with politeness, reason, and conviction. Graham wrote of Reagan in relating a story of a pastor from Dallas: "Ron had not only changed a man's mind, but he had done it with charm, conviction, and humor - traits I would see repeatedly as I got to know him."<ref name=focus /><br />
[[Image:Reagan-LPcover.jpg|thumb|100px|left]]<br />
===Operation Coffee Cup===<br />
{{main|Operation Coffee Cup}}<br />
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During the 1950s and 1960s, Reagan teamed up with the [[American Medical Association]] to produce a campaign against government-run universal healthcare, warning citizens that if the government controls your healthcare, they control you.<br />
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Together with the AMA, they produced the LP record ''Ronald Reagan Speaks Out Against Socialized Medicine''.<br />
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===Union president===<br />
Reagan jumped into union politics and was elected to five terms as president of the [[Screen Actors Guild]], a labor union for movie actors and part of the [[AFL]]. As SAG President he traveled across the country giving speeches on behalf of actors. Until the 1950s Reagan was an avid liberal Democrat who strongly supported the [[New Deal]] of [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] and the [[Fair Deal]] of [[Harry S. Truman]]. He often campaigned on behalf of the [[New Deal Coalition]], such as [[Helen Gahagan Douglas]]'s 1950 run for Senator of California.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=U2cs7IHERBwC&pg=PA43 Ronald Reagan's Journey: Democrat to Republican]</ref> There was talk of running Reagan for president of the AFL itself.<ref>Ronald Reagan, [https://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/0743400259/ref=sib_dp_srch_bod?v=search-inside&keywords=truman ''An American Life'' (1990) p 132]</ref> <br />
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Reagan was thus the only president to lead a [[labor union]], a bastion of liberalism. Reagan himself was a registered Democrat well into the 1950s, but as head of the Screen Actors Guild he fought against Communist infiltration. In 1947 he became an FBI informant, known by the bureau as informant "T-10",<ref>[http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,959749,00.html Unmasking Informant T-10], [[Time Magazine]]</ref><ref>[http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1985-08-26/news/8502040928_1_fbi-interviews-reagan-and-wyman-informant Reagan Reportedly Was Fbi Informer In 1940s]</ref> and testified before the House Un-American Activities Committee. Reagan expressed some reservation with the FBI, asking one agent "Do they expect us to constitute ourselves as a little FBI of our own and determine just who is a Commie and who isn't?"<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=I4-UBnd20K4C&pg=PA155 Ronald Reagan in Hollywood: Movies and Politics]</ref> Peggy Noonan wrote, "Even in his zeal to purge the communist influence from [[Hollywood]], he fought those who engaged in witch hunts and defended those who had been falsely accused of involvement."<br />
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==Democrat to Republican==<br />
Reagan married Nancy Davis on March 4, 1952, at The Little Brown Church, located in the San Fernando Valley, California. Nancy Davis's father was a strongly [[conservative]] neurosurgeon from the [[Midwest]], Dr. Loyal Davis, who had a big political influence on Reagan. By 1961, Reagan wrote a lengthy [[conservative]] article that was published by the [[Association of American Physicians and Surgeons]],<ref>https://jpands.org/vol27no4/reagan.pdf</ref> a conservative group of doctors founded in 1943.<br />
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Reagan remained a registered Democrat in the 1950s, but actively supporting [[Richard Nixon]]'s campaign for president in 1960 and had been developing [[conservative]] viewpoints while working for [[General Electric]].<ref>https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2016/01/ronald-reagans-conservative-conversion-as-spokesman-for-general-electric-during-the-1950s.html</ref> In 1962, Reagan felt that the [[Democrat Party]] had left him and he publicly switched his political party to become a Republican. He fully rejected the tax-and-spend liberalism of the Democratic Party, and its appeasement of [[communism]]. As a part of Reagan's change in viewpoints, he came to be a fan of former president [[Calvin Coolidge]], and would later replace a painting of Truman with that of Coolidge in the White House Cabinet Room.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1981/07/04/opinion/calvin-reagan.html Calvin Reagan], [[The New York Times]]</ref><br />
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==1964==<br />
Conservatives nationwide saw Reagan as their new star when his campaigning for Senator [[Barry Goldwater]] in 1964 was better received than Goldwater's own speeches. He raised an unprecedented eight million dollars for Goldwater. Despite Goldwater's defeat, Reagan's 1964 "[[Time for Choosing]]" speech helped launch his political career and made him became a probable candidate for governor of California.<br />
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==Governor of California (1967–1975)==<br />
[[Image:Reagangovernor.jpg|left|thumb|275px|Ronald Reagan and Nancy Reagan at the Victory celebration for California Governor at the Biltmore Hotel in Los Angeles, California 11/8/66.]] In the 1966 gubernatorial campaign, conservatives generally supported Reagan over George Christopher, the Republican mayor of [[San Francisco]]. <br />
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Already at the 1966 campaign Reagan began to stress Judeo-Christianity.<ref name=ae1966>[https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/films/reagan/ The American Experience | Reagan]. [http://www.shoppbs.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/reagan/filmmore/transcript/transcript1.html Enhanced Transcript].<br />
<blockquote><small><br />
Lyn Nofziger, Press Secretary: They looked at Ronald Reagan, that dumb actor and they said, oh man, this is the guy we want to run against. He has no political experience, ah he's not going to be able to handle himself well .<br />
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Stu Spencer: So we devised a technique where he would give his twenty-minute speech and incidentally Ronald Reagan wrote all his own speeches when he ran for Governor in 1966. He'd give the twenty-minute speech and we'd open it to twenty minutes of Q and A for... for the people there at the meeting or the press, and if he could handle those questions we felt we could get over the hump of here's an empty person who doesn't know anything about government or doesn't have any real ideas.<br />
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Reporter: Ronnie, where do you stand on the death penalty.<br />
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Reagan: You just expressed a question which is also as much on the minds of the people in the state as Berkeley. This too is a question asked all over the state. And as I've answered to those other people, I would tell you I think all of us have wavered back and forth on this issue because of our Judeo-Christian background our questioning as to our right to take human life. But I believe we have the right to take human life in defense of our own.</small></blockquote></ref><br />
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Reagan defeated Christopher, and incumbent [[liberal]] [[Democrat]] [[Pat Brown]] in the general election, taking fifty-three of California's fifty-eight counties. Reagan's strategists wanted to emphasize libertarian support for smaller government and less taxation, as the state verged on a revolt against high property taxes. As student and black unrest exploded in the headlines, Reagan's call for [[Law and order]] won the votes of former liberals. Reagan's victory marked the end of New Deal liberalism in California.<ref>Dallek, Matthew. "Liberalism Overthrown." ''American Heritage'' (1996) 47(6): 39+ Fulltext online at Ebsco</ref> <br />
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Reagan inherited an enormous budget deficit from the Brown administration. In his first year as Governor, Reagan froze government spending and cut ten percent of the spending budget in each department of the government. At the end of his two terms, the $194 million deficit had been transformed into a $550 million surplus. The ''San Francisco Chronicle'' editorialized, "We exaggerate very little when we say that Reagan has saved the state from bankruptcy.<ref>[http://www.livingroomcandidate.org/commercials/1980 1980 Reagan VS. Carter VS. Anderson]</ref><br />
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When coming into office there was a growing number of anarchist protesters at the [[University of California, Berkeley]] over the United States' involvement in the [[Vietnam War]]. The protests would become violent. Reagan sent the state police and later the national guard to handle the riots. It allowed him to showcase his populist themes of morality, [[Law and order]], strong leadership, and defense of traditional values. Reagan was reelected in 1970, after firing the president of the state university and sending in armed force to confront student demonstrators. Reagan's handling of this crisis helped to make him into a national politician known for strength and courage.<ref>Gerard DeGroot, "Reagan's Rise." ''History Today'' (1995) 45(9): 31-36. Issn: 0018-2753 Fulltext online at Ebsco</ref><br />
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Governor Reagan briefly tested the presidential waters in 1968 as part of a "Stop Nixon" movement, but drew back when he saw [[Richard Nixon]]'s strength.<br />
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Governor Reagan also attempted to clean up radicalism at other college campuses. [[Angela Davis]], a member of the [[Communist Party USA]], was also a professor of philosophy at [[UCLA]]. Reagan wrote that "I, nor the board will tolerate any Communist activities at any state institution... any member of the Communist Party is barred from teaching at this institution."<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=OwhvBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA140 African Americans and Criminal Justice: An Encyclopedia: An Encyclopedia]</ref><br />
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Welfare spending was a major issue in the 1970 election; with 10% of the nation's population, California had 16% of its welfare recipients. Reagan promised to cut the welfare spending by rooting out fraud and abuse, by requiring recipients to take jobs, and by collecting from dead-beat fathers. Democrats in the legislature supported a much more liberal bill, which advocated the welfare rights of the poor. Reagan personally worked out a compromise that passed and won considerable praise and some criticism. Its savings to taxpayers proved small, but it represented an important political achievement for both parties. Reagan benefited as well, emerging from the compromise as a more experienced and effective politician.<ref>Burbank (1991)</ref><br />
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Reagan supported and signed laws to liberalize [[abortion]] in California (before the Supreme Court issued ''[[Roe v. Wade]]''), but later turned strongly against abortion.<br />
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Reagan's gubernatorial style, which carried over into his presidency, was expansive in looking only at the big picture, and choosing talented staffers who were given the power to handle all the details. Reagan seldom paid attention to the minute details of his own policies. Reagan was a powerful communicator, through press conferences and public appearances, with an uncanny knack for precise timing to make the maximum impact.<ref>Hamilton and Biggart, (1984); Ritter (1992)</ref><br />
<br />
Liberals across the country were puzzled by Reagan and decided that he was a weak reactionary who would be easy to defeat if he ran for president. California liberals explained they were all wrong, that Reagan was the most formidable Republican since Eisenhower.<br />
<br />
In 1970, he was re-elected by a landslide against challenger "Big Daddy" Jesse Unruh.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1987/08/06/obituaries/jesse-unruh-a-california-political-power-dies.html Jesse Unruh, A California Political Power, Dies], [[The New York Times]]</ref> But in 1974, he chose not to seek a third term and was succeeded by liberal Democrat [[Jerry Brown]]. <br />
<br />
In 1974, the [[Symbionese Liberation Army]] abducted [[Patty Hearst]] and demanded a redistribution of food to the poor. Governor Reagan quipped: "It's just too bad we can't have an epidemic of botulism".<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=PAvTCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA288 Days of Rage: America's Radical Underground, the FBI, and the Forgotten Age of Revolutionary Violence]</ref><br />
<br />
Three Lieutenant Governors served with Reagan: Robert Finch(67-69), Edwin Reinecke(69-74), John L. Harmer(74-75).<br />
<br />
===Events and achievements as governor===<br />
<br />
*Called in the [[National Guard]] to restore order when "People's Park" protesters began attacking police, and restored order to California's chaotic university campuses. Reagan authorized the use of force against the rioting protesters in Berkeley, saying, "If there has to be a bloodbath, then let's get it over with. No more appeasement." In the resulting chaos, 111 police officers were injured, and police fired buckshot into the crowd, sending over a dozen people to the hospital with shotgun wounds, 3 with punctured lungs and 1 with a shattered leg, and fatally wounded James Rector, who had been attacking the police.<ref>[http://police.berkeley.edu/about_UCPD/ucpdhistory.html#anchor178048 "History topic: People's Park"] University of California, Berkeley - Police Department (August 2006)</ref><ref>''San Francisco Chronicle'', early morning edition, May 15, 1969</ref><ref>[http://www.berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2004/06/08_reagan.shtml Ronald Reagan launched political career using the Berkeley campus as a target] (June 8, 2004)</ref><ref>[https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2014/02/video-ronald-reagans-press-conference-after-bloody-thursday/284045/ Video: Ronald Reagan's Press Conference After 'Bloody Thursday'] (February 2014)</ref><ref>[http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,904149,00.html California: Postscript to People's Park], [[Time Magazine]] archive, February 16th, 1970, Note: Fee required to read article.</ref><br />
<br />
*Led a comprehensive and far-reaching revision of California's massive public assistance programs, actually increasing benefits to the truly needy.<br />
<br />
*Worked well with the Democrats to forge consensus on a variety of issues.<br />
<br />
*Despite pressure within his own party, Reagan publicly opposed the Briggs Initiative which helped its defeat at the ballot in 1978.<br />
<br />
*Signed the nation's first no-fault divorce law<br />
<br />
*Signed the Therapeutic Abortion Law, which had the effect of increasing the availability of legal abortion in California - later Reagan expressed regret for this<ref>[https://www.lifenews.com/2008/03/11/nat-3790/ Revisionist History: Misrepresenting President Ronald Reagan’s Abortion Record], [[LifeSiteNews]]</ref><ref>[https://www.nationalreview.com/article/223437/reagans-darkest-hour-paul-kengor-patricia-clark-doerner Reagan's Darkest Hour, "Therapeutic" abortion in California.], [[National Review]]</ref><ref>[http://cnsnews.com/news/article/president-reagan-put-his-pro-life-stance-center-stage-supporting-march-life President Reagan Put His Pro-Life Stance Center Stage In Supporting the March for Life], [[CNSNews.com]]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=-dSvWrJ6ooAC&pg=PA64 The Essential Ronald Reagan: A Profile in Courage, Justice, and Wisdom]</ref> and even wrote a [[pro-life]] pamphlet while he was president.<br />
<br />
==Nationally Syndicated Radio==<br />
From 1975 to 1979, Reagan gave over 1000 radio addresses to listeners in 20-30 million homes each week.<ref>[https://www.loc.gov/programs/static/national-recording-preservation-board/documents/ReaganOnRadio.pdf Ronald Reagan Radio Broadcasts]</ref> In one particular address, he discussed the California abortion bill he had signed, along with some additional observations.<br />
<br />
<blockquote>A bill had been introduced in the California legislature to make abortion available upon demand. The pro and anti forces were already marshaling their troops, and emotions were running high. Then the author of the bill sent word down that he'd amend his bill to anything I felt I could sign. The ball - to coin a cliche - was in my court. Suddenly I had to have a position on abortion.<br />
<br />
I did more studying and soul-searching than on any thing that was to face me as governor. I discovered that neither medicine, law, or theology had ever really found a common ground on the subject. Some believed an unborn child was no more than a growth on the body female and she should be able to remove it as she would her appendix. Others felt a human life existed from the moment the fertilized egg was implanted in the womb. Strangely enough, the same legislature that couldn't agree on abortion had unanimously passed a law making it murder to abuse a pregnant woman so as to cause the death of her unborn child.<br />
<br />
Another inconsistency - the unborn have property rights protected by law. A man can will his estate to his wife and children and any children yet to be born of his marriage. Yet the proposed abortion law would deny the unborn the protection of the law in preserving its life.<br />
<br />
I went to the lawyers on my staff and posed a hypothetical question. What if a pregnant woman became a widow during her pregnancy and found her husband had left his fortune to her and the unborn child. Under the proposed abortion law, she could take the life of her child and inherit all of her husband's estate. Wouldn't that be murder for financial gain? The only answer I got was that they were glad I wasn't asking the questions on the bar exam.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=MH7b57xk6jIC&pg=PA52 Speaking My Mind: Selected Speeches]</ref></blockquote><br />
<br />
==The New Republican Party==<br />
At the 1975 [[Conservative Political Action Conference]], Reagan talked about the new Republican Party in a speech titled "''[[Let Them Go Their Way]]''", a party that was a striking contrast to the Democrat party. He called for bold colors that would be contrasted against pale pastels. This is one of Reagan's most quoted lines from any speech.<ref>[http://www.westernfreepress.com/2013/03/14/reagan-at-cpac-in-1975-let-them-go-their-way/ Reagan at CPAC in 1975: "Let Them Go Their Way"]</ref><br />
<br />
At the time, voters were of the belief that because Republicans did very little in the way of conservative principles and values, that there was little to no difference between the two parties. Reagan's main point was that instead of organizing a new third party, why not organize a new first party.<br />
<br />
==Presidential Campaigns==<br />
===1976===<br />
[[File:1976 Republican National Convention.jpg|left|thumb|300px|Reagan and Ford at the 1976 Republican National Convention]]<br />
{{Main|United States presidential election, 1976}}<br />
<br />
After [[Richard Nixon]]'s resignation in 1974, the weak [[Gerald Ford]] became president, and Reagan challenged him in the 1976 Republican Party primaries. The main issue was détente with the Soviets as promoted by Ford and Secretary of State [[Henry Kissinger]], though other issues such as the [[Panama Canal]] also threw Ford off guard.<ref name=canal>[https://books.google.com/books?id=qpfzsnHAzZAC&pg=PA315 Gerald Ford and the Challenges of the 1970s]</ref> Ford won the first 13 primaries, then Reagan came roaring back. He criticized the federal government and politicians for being too large, too powerful, and too involved in American society. Reagan named liberal eastern Senator Richard Schweiker as his running mate, disappointing many of his conservative supporters.<ref>[http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1976/07/28/page/5/article/reagan-gambles-all-in-schweiker-choice Reagan gambles all in Schweiker choice]</ref> The outcome of the contest was that Ford won 26 primary contests, and Reagan won 24. The final delegate count was 1121 to 1078, Ford. 1130 delegates were needed to clinch the nomination.<ref name=seventysix>[http://www.newsweek.com/delegate-battle-1976-reagan-almost-unseated-ford-449843 Delegate Battle of '76: When Reagan Almost Beat Ford], [[Newsweek]]</ref><br />
<br />
At the Republican convention, victory came down to the Mississippi delegation which swung the nomination to Ford. However, given how difficult it is to run against an incumbent president in a Primary, Reagan's campaign was surprisingly strong. On the first ballot, Ford had 1,187 delegates, Reagan had 1,070.<ref name=seventysix /> Ford had succeeded in becoming the party's nominee.<br />
<br />
After Ford was defeated in the general election, Reagan retired to his ranch in California and continued to give speeches across the country. There was little doubt that Reagan was the dominant Republican for the next election, and he easily won the nomination in 1980.<br />
<br />
===1980===<br />
{{Main|United States presidential election, 1980}}<br />
<br />
Before the general election, Reagan faced a Republican primary challenge from the more moderate [[George H. W. Bush]]. Bush was highly established and respected as having served as Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, ambassador to People's Republic of China and the United Nations, former chairman of the National Republican Committee, and two-term Congressman from [[Texas]]. Bush referred to Reagan's economic policies as "voodoo economics." After Bush won a surprising victory in the January 21st [[Iowa]] State primary, Reagan surged ahead after he outwitted Bush in the New Hampshire debate. During that debate, Reagan uttered the famous phrase "I'm paying for this microphone!"<ref>[https://usatelections.wordpress.com/2015/07/31/10-memorable-moments-from-past-primary-debates/ 10 memorable moments from past primary debates], [[USA Today]]</ref><ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RRI6iSrS1kc Ronald Reagan's famous line, "I am paying for this microphone"]</ref> After winning Iowa and losing New Hampshire, Bush had another win in the Massachusetts primary, then Reagan began sweeping primaries and crushed all of his opponents.<ref>[http://www.unionleader.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/99999999/NEWS0605/110509963 1980: Reagan begins his sweep], [[New Hampshire Union Leader]]</ref> Bush dropped out on May 26, leaving Reagan as the presumptive nominee. Ironically, he named George H. W. Bush as his running mate at the convention.<ref>[https://partners.nytimes.com/library/politics/camp/800717convention-gop-ra.html Reagan Wins Nomination and Chooses Bush as Running Mate After Talks With Ford Fail], [[The New York Times]]</ref> <br />
<br />
Reagan was able to crusade against the failures of incumbent Democrat, President [[Jimmy Carter]]. There was runaway [[stagflation]], soaring [[interest rates]], persistent [[unemployment]], a series of humiliations abroad, and a weakened [[military]] in the face of growing Soviet superpower. As Reagan put it, "I'm told I can't use the word depression. Well, I'll tell you the definition. A recession is when your neighbor loses his job; depression is when you lose your job. Recovery is when Jimmy Carter loses his." The most pressing foreign policy crisis was that [[Iran]]ian President [[Ayatollah Khomeini]] was holding fifty-two Americans hostage. All of Carter's diplomatic attempts had failed.<br />
<br />
The phrase "There you go again", which Reagan used in the Reagan-Carter Debate on October 28, 1980, became a defining phrase of the campaign.<ref>[https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/Decoder/2012/1001/Presidential-debate-what-to-look-for-beyond-who-wins-or-loses-video Presidential debate: what to look for beyond who wins or loses]</ref><ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qN7gDRjTNf4 Reagan-Carter Oct. 28, 1980 Debate - "There You Go Again"]</ref><br />
<br />
[[File:2000px-ElectoralCollege1980.png|right|thumb|325px|Reagan's 1980 landslide]]<br />
Reagan feared that the [[Soviet Union]]'s military had become much more powerful then the United States'. He proposed stronger defense systems and a larger military. Carter fought back, lashing out at Reagan as a dangerous radical who would unleash nuclear war. A liberal Republican [[John Anderson]] ran a third party campaign which received 7% of the popular vote. Reagan won a landslide victory - receiving 51% of the popular vote and winning 44 of 50 states. In the 20th century, only two presidents received a larger electoral majority: Franklin Roosevelt in 1936 and Richard Nixon in 1972.<ref>[http://www.trivia-library.com/c/biography-of-us-president-ronald-reagan-part-8-campaign.htm Biography of U.S. President Ronald Reagan]</ref> His long coattails brought in the first Republican Senate in years, but the Democrats still controlled the House. The election marked the last hurrah of the New Deal era, the final collapse of the [[New Deal Coalition]] and indeed the end of liberalism as a coherent policy.<ref>Busch 2005</ref><br />
<br />
====Suburban Swimming Pool====<br />
During the 1980 election, media outlets at the time used blue for republican states and red for democrat states.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OMuWVsPQbwM US Election Night 1980 NBC live coverage 11-4-1980], Reagan blue-state landslide map in the background</ref><ref>[https://www.wnd.com/2012/05/how-red-states-turned-blue-and-vice-versa/ How red states turned blue and vice versa], [[WND]]</ref> [[David Brinkley]] famously said that it looked like a "suburban swimming pool."<ref>[https://www.conservativenewsandviews.com/2015/10/29/editorial/guest/dem-red-reagan-blue/ Dem red, Reagan blue]</ref> [[Time Magazine]] referred to it as "Lake Reagan."<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1310&dat=20040208&id=bVNWAAAAIBAJ&sjid=qesDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6665,1584006&hl=en One state, Two state; red state blue state]</ref><br />
<br />
==Presidency (1981–1989)==<br />
[[Image:Reagan 1981 Inauguration.jpg|right|thumb|325px|President Elect Reagan being sworn in for his first term in the 1981 Inauguration Ceremony at the U.S. Capitol]]<br />
Ronald Reagan was sworn in as the 40th President of the United States on January 20, 1981. On that same day, Ayatollah released the hostages after keeping them in captivity for 444 days. At the inauguration, the invocation and benediction were delivered by Reverend Donn Moomaw, Reagan's pastor at Bel Air Presbyterian Church in Hollywood.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=wF_kAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA15-IA103 The Living Church, Volume 182]</ref><br />
<br />
Once in office, Reagan vowed a shift in federal power, back to states and localities.<ref name=localities>[https://www.nytimes.com/1981/03/21/us/reagan-vows-shift-in-federal-powers.html REAGAN VOWS SHIFT IN FEDERAL POWERS], [[The New York Times]]</ref> When the Federal [[Air Traffic Controllers]] struck illegally, Reagan showed he was playing hardball and gave them 48 hours before he fired all who hadn't gone back to work (11,359).<br />
<br />
Reagan rebuffed liberals who complained he was killing the New Deal. Noting that he voted for FDR in 1932, 1936, 1940 and 1944, as well as Truman in 1948, Reagan said he was trying to repeal the ''"[[Great Society]]"'' enacted by liberals in the mid-1960s.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=68rBxuO7EsMC&pg=PA351&dq=reagan+%22great+society%22+roosevelt+truman&lr=&num=30&as_brr=0&as_pt=ALLTYPES ''Eyewitness to Power''], by David Gergen, (2000) p 351</ref> During the first term of his presidency, Reagan tapped [[James A. Baker III (Secretary of State)|James A. Baker III]], [[Edwin Meese III]], and [[Michael Deaver]] to form a group known by some as "The Troika".<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1981/04/19/magazine/the-presidential-troika.html?pagewanted=all The Presidential Troika]</ref><ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=950&dat=19810806&id=02xQAAAAIBAJ&sjid=rlkDAAAAIBAJ&pg=7013,1321812&hl=en The Troika], The Evening Independent</ref><ref>[http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1985-01-05/features/8501010299_1_deaver-and-meese-michael-deaver-edwin-meese Reagan Does Not Plan To Replace Deaver, Meese]</ref><br />
<br />
Early in his first term, he took a trip to Canada where he met with Prime Minister [[Pierre Trudeau]] and addressed the Canadian Parliament.<ref>[https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/travels/president/reagan-ronald Travels of the President]</ref> While in Canada, Reagan requested to meet with [[Gordon Sinclair]], a Canadian journalist who had made international headlines for his commentary "[[The Americans]]".<ref>[https://www.upi.com/Archives/1981/08/03/Veteran-Toronto-broadcaster-Gordon-Sinclair-81-famous-in-the/7991365659200/ Veteran Toronto broadcaster Gordon Sinclair, 81, famous in the...]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=UP61LHTcaFMC&pg=PA84 A Salute to Service: The Rebirth of Patriotism]</ref><br />
<br />
Democrats in the Senate choose as their Leader the [[Exalted Cyclops]] [[Robert Byrd]], Senator from [[West Virginia]]. Over the course of Reagan's presidency, the government was forced to shutdown a total of eight times, many times due to confrontations with [[House Speaker]] [[Tip O'Neill]].<ref>[https://www.nationalreview.com/article/360142/government-shutdowns-history-charles-c-w-cooke Government Shutdowns: A History]</ref><ref>[https://www.redstate.com/diary/willstauff/2014/02/18/tip-oneill-gop-majority-myth/ Replace Boehner with Tip O’Neill]</ref><br />
<br />
===Administration===<br />
[[Image:Reaganfamily-red-rr-.jpg|right|thumb|325px|President & Mrs. Reagan with their extended family.]]<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Office<br />
! Name<br />
! Term<br />
|-<br />
| [[President]]<br />
| Ronald Reagan<br />
| 1981-1989<br />
|-<br />
| [[Vice President of the United States of America|Vice President]]<br />
| [[George H.W. Bush]]<br />
| 1981-1989<br />
|-<br />
| [[Secretary of State]]<br />
| [[Alexander Haig]]<br />
| 1981-1982<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
| [[George Shultz]]<br />
| 1982-1989<br />
|-<br />
| [[Secretary of Treasury]]<br />
| [[Donald Regan]]<br />
| 1981-1985<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
| [[James A. Baker III (Secretary of State)|James A. Baker III]]<br />
| 1985-1988<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
| [[Nicholas Brady]]<br />
| 1988-1989<br />
|-<br />
| [[Secretary of Defense]]<br />
| [[Caspar Weinberger]]<br />
| 1981-1987<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
| [[Frank C. Carlucci]]<br />
| 1987-1989<br />
|-<br />
| [[Attorney General]]<br />
| [[William Smith]]<br />
| 1981-1985<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
| [[Edwin Meese III]]<br />
| 1985-1988<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
| [[Richard Thornburgh]]<br />
| 1988-1989<br />
|-<br />
| [[Secretary of the Interior]]<br />
| [[James G. Watt]]<br />
| 1981-1983<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
| [[William P. Clark, Jr.]]<br />
| 1983-1985<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
| [[Donald Hodel]]<br />
| 1985-1989<br />
|-<br />
| [[Secretary of Agriculture]]<br />
| [[John Rusling Block]]<br />
| 1981-1986<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
| [[Richard E. Lyng]]<br />
| 1986-1989<br />
|-<br />
| [[Secretary of Commerce]]<br />
| [[Howard M. Baldrige, Jr.]]<br />
| 1981-1987<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
| [[C. William Verity, Jr.]]<br />
| 1987-1989<br />
|-<br />
| [[Secretary of Labor]]<br />
| [[Raymond J. Donovan]]<br />
| 1981-1985<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
| [[William E. Brock]]<br />
| 1985–1987<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
| [[Ann Dore McLaughlin]]<br />
| 1987-1989<br />
|-<br />
| [[Secretary of Health and Human Services]]<br />
| [[Richard S. Schweiker]]<br />
| 1981–1983<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
| [[Margaret Heckler]]<br />
| 1983-1985<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
| [[Otis R. Bowen]]<br />
| 1985-1989<br />
|-<br />
| [[Secretary of Education]]<br />
| [[Terrel Bell]]<br />
| 1981-1985<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
| [[William Bennett]]<br />
| 1985-1988<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
| [[Lauro Cavazos]]<br />
| 1988-1989<br />
|-<br />
| [[Secretary of Housing and Urban Development]]<br />
| [[Samuel R. Pierce, Jr.]]<br />
| 1981-1989<br />
|-<br />
| [[Secretary of Transportation]]<br />
| [[Drew Lewis]]<br />
| 1981-1983<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
| [[Elizabeth Dole]]<br />
| 1983-1987<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
| [[James H. Burnley IV]]<br />
| 1987-1989<br />
|-<br />
| [[Secretary of Energy]]<br />
| [[James B. Edwards]]<br />
| 1981-1982<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
| [[Donald Paul Hodel]]<br />
| 1982-1985<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
| [[John S. Herrington]]<br />
| 1985-1989<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Assassination Attempt===<br />
Outside the Washington Hilton Hotel<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=tMrEP4Y6whwC&pg=PA64 The Reagan Era from the Iran Crisis to Kosovo]</ref> on March 30, 1981, Reagan was shot by [[John W. Hinckley]] near the heart after giving a routine speech.<ref>The assassin was [[John Hinckley]], a mentally disturbed man who didn't shoot Reagan for political reasons, but instead did to impress an actress he had never met.</ref> Surgeons at [[George Washington University]] Hospital saved his life and despite his age, he recovered quickly. Prior to the operation, Reagan looked up at the doctors and said "I Hope you're all Republicans". Dr. Joseph Giordano, the head surgeon at GWU Hospital confirmed the story, and replied to the president "We are all Republicans today".<ref>[http://urbanlegends.about.com/od/historical/a/ronald_reagan.htm Ronald Reagan: Grace Under the Scalpel]</ref><br />
To his wife Nancy he said, "honey, I forgot to duck."<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1981/03/31/us/honey-i-forgot-to-duck-injured-reagan-tells-wife.html 'Honey, I Forgot To Duck,' Injured Reagan Tells Wife], ''The New York Times'', March 31, 1981.</ref><br />
<br />
White House Press Secretary [[James Brady]] was shot in the head, became permanently disabled; Brady then became an icon of the [[gun control|anti-gun]] movement. <br />
<br />
The assassination attempt came at a critical moment and disarmed the opposition in Congress, enabling Reagan to pass his major legislation even though the Democrats controlled the House.<br />
<br />
===1984 Reelection===<br />
[[File:2000px-ElectoralCollege1984.png|right|thumb|325px|Reagan's 1984 landslide]]<br />
{{Main|United States presidential election, 1984}}<br />
<br />
In 1984, Reagan was re-elected in a landslide, winning every state except Mondale's home state of Minnesota and the District of Columbia, creating a record 525 electoral vote total (of 538 possible), and received 58.8%. of the popular vote.<ref>[https://www.archives.gov/federal-register/electoral-college/scores.html#1984 National Archives]</ref><ref>[http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/national.php?f=0&year=1984 Leip, David: 1984 Presidential Election Results.]</ref> At the second inaugural, the Reverend Timothy Healy delivered the invocation, and the Reverend Peter Gomes delivered the benediction.<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1988&dat=19850119&id=MGwiAAAAIBAJ&sjid=_6sFAAAAIBAJ&pg=1381,1418388&hl=en The Argus-Press - Jan 19, 1985]</ref> In his Second Inaugural Address after winning the election, Reagan asked two of his most well-remembered questions: "''If not us, who? And if not now, when?''"<br />
<br />
During his second term, Reagan helped end the Cold War with the help of Margaret Thatcher and some assistance from Pope John Paul II and Mikhail Gorbachev by recognizing the weakness of the Soviet economy and spent them out of existence by their not being able to compete with defense spending.<br />
<br />
===Challenger Disaster===<br />
On January 28, 1986, the [[Space Shuttle Challenger]] disintegrated due to O-ring failure 73 seconds after lift-off. In response, Reagan gave a speech that is regarded as a high mark of his presidency.<ref name=challenger>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2016/01/28/how-ronald-reagan-explained-the-challenger-disaster-to-the-world-its-all-part-of-taking-a-chance/ Exactly the right words, exactly the right way: Reagan’s amazing Challenger disaster speech], [[The Washington Post]]</ref> [[Peggy Noonan]] was chosen to write the speech who, at the time, was relatively unknown.<ref name=challenger /> In the speech, the freedom of the United States was highlighted in contrast to the tyranny of socialism, and the astronauts were honored as they were on their final journey to "touch the face of God".<ref>[http://history.nasa.gov/reagan12886.html Explosion of the Space Shuttle Challenger, Address to the Nation, January 28, 1986], by President Ronald W. Reagan, [[NASA]]</ref><br />
<br />
===Space Station Freedom===<br />
In the 1984 State of the Union Address, Ronald Reagan outlined the development of a [[Space station]]. He said "We can reach for greatness again. We can follow our dreams to distant stars, living and working in space for peaceful, economic, and scientific gain."<ref>[https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=40205 Address Before a Joint Session of the Congress on the State of the Union], January 25, 1984</ref> The space station, later named ''Freedom''<ref>[https://mix.msfc.nasa.gov/abstracts.php?p=1653 Space Station Freedom-Artist's Concept]</ref> faced challenges and re-designs due to budget cuts.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1990/11/09/us/nasa-studying-ways-to-redesign-space-station-to-meet-budget-cut.html NASA Studying Ways to Redesign Space Station to Meet Budget Cut]</ref> It eventually evolved into the [[International Space Station]] program.<ref>[https://uhclarchives.omeka.net/exhibits/show/faget/industrial/freedom Space Station Freedom]</ref><ref>[http://www.iso.org/iso/home/news_index/news_archive/news.htm?refid=Ref1555 Cooperation in space - The International Space Station benefits from ISO standards]</ref><br />
<br />
==Domestic policy==<br />
===School prayer and a moment of silence===<br />
[[Image:Reagans greet Billy Graham at Prayer Breakfast 1981.jpg|right|thumb|250px|President Reagan and Nancy Reagan greeting Billy Graham at the 1981 National Prayer Breakfast]]<br />
As a conservative, Reagan was a supporter of school prayer, with Reagan repeatedly raising the issue during his presidency.<ref>[https://www.nationalreview.com/article/266491/ronald-reagans-prayer-legacy-stewart-mclaurin Ronald Reagan’s Prayer Legacy], [[National Review]]</ref><br />
<br />
Early on in his presidency, Reagan brought up the issue of prayer in schools, which was banned in 1962 by the Supreme Court in [[Engel v. Vitale]]. He proposed a constitutional amendment<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1982/05/18/us/reagan-proposes-school-prayer-amendment.html Reagan Proposes School Prayer Amendment], [[The New York Times]]</ref> that contained the following language: "Nothing in this Constitution shall be construed to prohibit individual or group prayer in public schools or other public institutions. No person shall be required by the United States or by any state to participate in prayer".<br />
<br />
Reagan revived the issue in 1984<ref>[https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=40205 Address Before a Joint Session of the Congress on the State of the Union], January 25, 1984</ref> noting the beliefs of the [[Founding Fathers]] on the importance of faith. He said: "America was founded by people who believed that God was their rock of safety. He is ours. I recognize we must be cautious in claiming that God is on our side, but I think it's all right to keep asking if we're on His side." Also in 1984, the Supreme Court reviewed a case regarding a moment of silence in schools.<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2245&dat=19840712&id=vogzAAAAIBAJ&sjid=dDIHAAAAIBAJ&pg=5416,1067751 Reagan urges school 'moment of silence']</ref><ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1984/12/05/us/high-court-weighs-silence-in-school-for-prayer-or-meditation.html High Court Weighs Silence in School for Prayer or Meditation], [[The New York Times]]</ref> In [[Wallace v. Jaffree]], the court ruled 6–3 against.<ref>[http://articles.latimes.com/1985-06-04/news/mn-6462_1_voluntary-prayer High Court Bars Moments of Silence for School Prayer : But Would Approve Meditation], [[Los Angeles Times]]</ref> Reagan received the support of boxing legend [[Muhammad Ali]] who said, "He's keeping God in schools and that's enough."<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/posteverything/wp/2016/06/10/when-muhammad-ali-endorsed-ronald-reagan/?utm_term=.e84c75ad95f2</ref> <br />
<br />
Toward the end of his presidency in 1987, Reagan called for Congress to act.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=NefcAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA56 Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Ronald Reagan, 1987]</ref> In an address to Congress on January 27, he said: "The 100th Congress of the United States should be remembered as the one that ended the expulsion of God from America's classrooms".<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1987/01/28/nyregion/high-court-accepts-appeal-of-moment-of-silence-law.html High Court Accepts Appeal of 'Moment of Silence' Law], [[The New York Times]]</ref><br />
<br />
===Economy===<br />
[[Image:Reagan_desk.jpg|left|thumb|275px|President Reagan working at his desk in the oval office, 05/06/82.]]<br />
As President, Ronald Reagan enacted his theory of "[[Reaganomics]]." His four major policy objectives were the following:<ref>[http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc1/Reaganomics.html Reaganomics], by William A. Niskanen</ref><br />
<br />
*Reduce the growth of government spending.<br />
*Reduce the marginal tax rates on income from both labor and capital.<br />
*Reduce government regulation of the economy.<br />
*Control the money supply to reduce inflation.<br />
<br />
On August 13, 1981, Reagan signed the Kemp-Roth [[Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981]] bill into law, reducing the tax burden on American citizens.<br />
[[File:Time-8-17-81.jpg|thumb|250px| ''Time'' Aug 17, 1981. [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,949316,00.html read story]]]<br />
Fueled by an over spending [[Congress]] that steadfastly refused Reagan's budget proposals, the national debt increased 160% during his two terms in office. However, the economic growth that resulted from tax cuts made deficits as a percentage of [[GDP]] lower than what they had been in during the previous decade of stagflation. The period of high [[inflation]] and [[unemployment]] when Reagan took office was over after eight years of his presidency. In 1986 Reagan signed the [[Tax Reform Act of 1986]], which obtained an overhaul of the income tax code and eliminated many deductions and exempted millions of people with low incomes. The [[income tax]] rates of the top personal tax bracket dropped from 70% to 28% in 7 years. At the same time, Reagan sought to close tax loopholes so that the wealthy would not be able to get away with paying less tax than low to middle-income earners. By the end of his administration, the Nation was enjoying its longest recorded period of peacetime prosperity without [[recession]] or [[depression]].<ref>[https://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/rr40.html Ronald Reagan]</ref><br />
<br />
====PATCO Strike====<br />
On 3 August 1981, 13,000 air traffic controllers, members of the Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization (PATCO), walked off the job. PATCO had supported Reagan in the 1980 election but now was making exorbitant demands regarding high raises, early retirement, and reduced hours. The Federal Aviation Administration made a generous offer but PATCO said no and called a strike. PATCO assumed it would shut down all air traffic and paralyze the economy, forcing the government to surrender, but they misjudged Ronald Reagan. Under federal law, the strike was illegal. Reagan ordered the strikers as a group to return to work. Some returned but most did not; he ordered individual strikers to return, and again most refused. Reagan was ready; secretly the Transportation Secretary Drew Lewis had readied military replacements. It was the first time in over 50 years in a major strike that replacements were used. Two days later, the president fired 11,000 strikers, and they never were rehired. The planes were flying and labor unions suffered their worst defeat since the 1920s. Reagan's dramatic action energized corporations to resist union demands, and sped up the rapid decline in union membership and the political power of union bosses.<ref>"Turbulence in the Tower," [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,949316,00.html ''Time'' Aug. 17, 1981]; Paul L. Butterworth, et al., "More than a Labor Dispute: The PATCO Strike of 1981," ''Essays in Economic & Business History'' 2005 23:125-139</ref><br />
<br />
===Boll Weevils===<br />
In 1981 President [[Ronald Reagan]] won over enough conservative southern Democrats—called '''Boll Weevils'''--<ref>[https://www.csmonitor.com/1981/1216/121615.html Boll weevils, gypsy moths, and the 97th Congress ], [[Christian Science Monitor]]</ref><ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1983/03/26/us/congress-the-eclipse-of-the-boll-weevils.html CONGRESS; THE ECLIPSE OF THE BOLL WEEVILS], [[The New York Times]]</ref> to carry his major tax cuts through a House nominally controlled by the Democrats. Led by Congressman [[Phil Gramm]] of Texas,<ref>Gramm later became a Republican. On Gramm see David Frum, "Righter Than Newt," ''The Atlantic Monthly'' v. 275#3 (March 1995) pp 81+, online at [[Questia]]</ref> they helped Reagan enact many of his domestic policy proposals, to increase defense spending sharply, and to block leftists attacks on Reagan's anti-Communist policies in Central America. They also helped dismantle some of the remnants of [[Lyndon Johnson]]'s [[Great Society]].<ref>The "boll weevil" was a pest that ruined cotton plants across the South in the early 20th century, and forced the region to diversify out of cotton.</ref> Reagan did not campaign against them, so they kept their seats a few years longer.<ref>Lou Cannon, ''President Reagan: The Role of a Lifetime'' (2000) pp 89, 754</ref><br />
<br />
===Social Security Reform 1983===<br />
Mounting concerns that rising Social Security benefits were causing a long-term deficit and were growing too fast resulted in a bipartisan compromise in 1983. Brokered by conservative [[Alan Greenspan]] and liberal [[Claude Pepper]], the agreement lowered benefits over the next 75 years and brought the system into balance. Key provisions included a gradual increase over 25 years in the retirement age from 65 to 67, to take account of longer life expectancy. (People could retire younger, but at a reduced rate of benefits.) Millions of people were added to the system, especially employees of state governments and of nonprofit organizations.<ref>1983 Greenspan Commission on Social Security Reform (1983) [https://www.ssa.gov/history/reports/gspan5.html online version]; "Claude Pepper and Social Security Reform - 1981-1983," [http://www.claudepeppercenter.fsu.edu/webexhibits/socialsecurityreform/socialsecurityreform1981to1983.htm online exhibit]; Paul Charles Light, ''Artful Work: The Politics of Social Security Reform'' (1985)</ref><br />
<br />
===Judicial Appointments===<br />
[[File:Reagan and Justices.jpg|thumb|250px| From left to right: Justices [[Harry Blackmun]], [[Thurgood Marshall]], [[William Brennan]], Chief Justice [[Warren Burger]], President Reagan, [[Sandra Day O'Connor]], [[Byron White]], [[Lewis F. Powell, Jr.]], [[William Rehnquist]] and [[John Paul Stevens]].]]<br />
President Reagan made a total of 381 judicial appointments; 83 to US Court of Appeals, 290 to US District Courts, and 5 to the Supreme Court. 11 were not confirmed.<ref>[https://www.boundless.com/u-s-history/textbooks/boundless-u-s-history-textbook/the-conservative-turn-of-america-1968-1989-30/the-reagan-administration-228/battles-in-the-courts-and-congress-1289-8810/ President Reagan's Court appointees included: Sandra Day O'Connor, Anton Scalia, Anthony Kennedy, and William Rehnquist as Chief Justice.]</ref><br />
<br />
====Supreme Court====<br />
Reagan fulfilled a promise he unnecessarily made in his 1980 presidential campaign to appoint the first women to the [[U.S. Supreme Court]].<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1291&dat=19801015&id=4zxUAAAAIBAJ&sjid=s40DAAAAIBAJ&pg=4187,2916117&hl=en Reagan pledges woman on court], [[Associated Press]]</ref> On July 7, 1981, he chose the first person he interviewed, without even bothering to interview other candidates, by nominating little-known Arizona judge [[Sandra Day O'Connor]] to become an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court. O'Connor succeeded Justice [[Potter Stewart]]. Liberals, who had been ready for a knock-down battle, were stunned that Reagan had appointed a [[feminist]] and welcomed her nomination. [[Pro-life]] groups pointed out that her record indicated her support of [[abortion]]; [[movement conservative]]s [[Jerry Falwell]] opposed her confirmation and Howard Phillips testified against it. Phillips prophetically declared, "People say you can't tell how a Supreme Court nominee will turn out once on the bench. I respectfully disagree. In most cases, it's very clear. I opposed the nomination of Sandra Day O'Connor because it was very clear that she had a pro-[[abortion]] record in the Arizona State Senate and as a judge in Arizona. She was also allied with [[Planned Parenthood]]." With enthusiastic liberal support for O'Connor, she was confirmed by the Senate by a 99–0 vote on September 21 and took her seat September 25.<br />
<br />
In 1986 [[Warren E. Burger]] announced his retirement from the Court. Reagan nominated [[Antonin Scalia]] to fill the vacant seat, at the same time that he elevated [[William Rehnquist]] for Chief Justice. Most of the opposition in the Senate focused their opposition on the Rehnquist nomination. Scalia was confirmed by a unanimous 98–0 vote, while Rehnquist was confirmed over substantial opposition.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/08/22/AR2007082200931.html Rehnquist Confirmed In 65-33 Senate Vote]</ref><ref>[https://www.loc.gov/law/find/nominations/scalia/vote.pdf Floor Vote - Scalia], September 17, 1986</ref><br />
<br />
=====Robert Bork=====<br />
In 1987, Reagan nominated conservative judge [[Robert Bork]] to replace retiring Supreme Court Justice [[Lewis Powell]]. In a highly contentious series of Senate Hearings<ref>[https://www.cnn.com/2012/12/19/politics/robert-bork-dead/ Robert Bork, known for contentious Supreme Court nomination, dies at 85], [[CNN]]</ref> senate liberals attacked Bork as being too conservative. Senator [[Ted Kennedy]] criticized him, saying,<br />
:''"Robert Bork's America is a land in which women would be forced into back-alley abortions, blacks would sit at segregated lunch counters, rogue police could break down citizens' doors in midnight raids, schoolchildren could not be taught about evolution, writers and artists could be censored at the whim of the Government, and the doors of the Federal courts would be shut on the fingers of millions of citizens for whom the judiciary is -- and is often the only -- protector of the individual rights that are the heart of our democracy."''<ref>[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0DE5DF1E3EF936A35754C0A961948260 WASHINGTON; Kennedy And Bork], [[The New York Times]]</ref><br />
<br />
The U.S. Senate rejected Bork's confirmation on a 42–58 vote. Reagan then turned to [[Douglas Ginsburg]], who withdrew his name from consideration when it was discovered he smoked [[marijuana]], which was [[illegal]], with his students. Finally, the much less controversial (but more [[liberal]]) Californian [[Anthony Kennedy]] was nominated, who was confirmed on a 97–0 vote.<br />
<br />
======"Borking"======<br />
Because of the treatment that Robert Bork received during his confirmation hearing, the term to "be Borked" entered the general lexicon.<ref>[http://beta.townhall.com/columnists/jonahgoldberg/2007/10/26/the_borking_of_american_politics The Borking of American Politics], [[Townhall]]</ref><br />
<br />
===Federalism===<br />
{{main|Federalism|Tenth Amendment}}<br />
<br />
As a staunch supporter of the Republic which our [[Founding Fathers]] created and handed down to us, Reagan signed Executive Order 12612 on October 26, 1987.<ref>[https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=33607 Executive Order 12612 - Federalism]</ref> The EO recognized that the [[Constitution]] only grants authority to a few, specific [[Enumerated powers]]. Outside of these few areas, the role of the Federal Government should not be a meddlesome one, but that the states should be in charge, where citizens have a more direct and local discretion. The EO said "Federalism is rooted in the knowledge that our political liberties are best assured by limiting the size and scope of the national government".<br />
<br />
Executive Order 12612 was rescinded with Executive Order 13083 by the [[authoritarian]] [[Democrat]] [[Bill Clinton]] on May 14, 1998.<ref>[https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=55957 Executive Order 13083 - Federalism]</ref><ref>[https://www.heritage.org/research/reports/1998/06/president-clintons-sellout-of-federalism President Clinton's Sellout of Federalism], [[Heritage Foundation]]</ref><br />
<br />
===War on Drugs===<br />
As President, Reagan declared a "[[War on Drugs]]", which would be policies put forward by the United States and other countries to reduce illegal drug trade. In 1986, President Reagan signed the very prominent Anti-Drug Abuse Act which granted $97 million to build new [[prison]]s, $200 million for drug [[education]] and $241 million for treatment. Overall, $1.7 billion to fight the drug crisis.<ref>[https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/drugs/cron/ Thirty Years of America's Drug War], A Chronology, [[PBS]]</ref> First Lady [[Nancy Reagan]] started a slogan, "[[Just Say No]]" to drug use. The term was used in television advertising, and today there are many "Just Say No" drug clinics. As a result of the policies, [[marijuana]] use dropped from 33% of high-school seniors in 1980 to 12% in 1991.<ref>[https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/drugs/interviews/kleber.html Interview with Dr. Herbert Kleber], [[PBS]]</ref><br />
<br />
===Illegal immigration===<br />
November 6, 1986, Reagan signed into law the [[Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986]], also known as the Simpson-Mazzoli Act, named after it's two authors: Romano Mazzoli and [[Alan Simpson]].<ref>[http://humanevents.com/2007/06/04/simpsonmazzoli-twentyone-years-later/ Simpson-Mazzoli: Twenty-One Years Later], [[Human Events]]</ref><br />
<br />
In his diaries, Reagan wrote that he wanted to sign the bill because of how important it was to regain control of our borders.<ref>[http://www.ontheissues.org/Celeb/Ronald_Reagan_Immigration.htm Ronald Reagan on Immigration]</ref> But the bill had largely the opposite effect. By granting a pathway to citizenship (amnesty) to 2.7 million illegal aliens, the law encouraged unlawful entry by more than 10 million additional new illegal aliens. However, Reagan was not enthusiastic about, and did not make an effort to enforce, the law's provision making it illegal for employers to hire illegal aliens.<ref>Kammer, Jerry (January 3, 2019). [https://www.cis.org/Kammer/How-Washington-Post-Expose-Trump-Missed-Story-How-Reagan-Wrecked-Immigration-Reform How the Washington Post Exposé of Trump Missed the Story of How Reagan Wrecked Immigration Reform]. ''Center for Immigration Studies''. Retrieved January 3, 2019.</ref><br />
<br />
==Foreign policy==<br />
<br />
===Strategic Defense Initiative===<br />
<br />
Reagan's 1983 [[Strategic Defense Initiative]] became popularly known as "[[Star Wars]]", the name given to it by critics because they thought it was pure fantasy like the popular [[George Lucas]] films. This plan was never fully instituted. Although billions of dollars were spent on development, no space-based missile defense was tested successfully during Reagan's terms in office. However, the main goal was achieved of forcing the Soviets to realize they could no longer compete in the Cold War.<br />
<br />
The threat the Soviet Union felt from the SDI initiative forced them to negotiate an end to the arms race, according to many involved with diplomacy at the time and can be seen by following Gorbachev's repeated public insistences that the SDI program be discontinued. [[Henry Kissinger]] wrote: <br />
:''I know it's an axiomatic view of the Left around the world that missile defense is sinful, and that it's desirable to keep each nation as vulnerable as possible. But that's a debatable premise. The U.S. must defend itself against ''whoever'' has missiles that would threaten the United States. And you don't have to be able to name an enemy.''<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20050308023334/http://www.doublestandards.org/dreifus1.html An interview with Henry Kissinger], by Claudia Dreifus, August 29th, 2001</ref><br />
<br />
===Flight 007===<br />
Reagan was president at the time of the shooting down of [[Korean Airlines Flight 007]]. He termed the shoot-down of an innocent straying passenger plane with 269 passengers and crew, including Congressman [[Larry McDonald]], as a "massacre". The ensuing rage over the tragedy both worldwide and in the U.S. provided support for the deployment of cruise and Pershing ll missiles in West Europe- just six minutes flying time from Moscow.<br />
<br />
===Soviet Union===<br />
Shortly after taking office in 1981 Reagan issued National Security Decision Directive 11–82, (NSDD 11-82), that explicitly made U.S. defense spending a form of economic warfare against the Soviets. The directive was known more unofficially as the Reagan Initiative, and was an incorporation of the principle of [[Peace through strength]]. <br />
<br />
The United States would "exploit and demonstrate the enduring economic advantages of the West to develop a variety of [arms] systems that are difficult for the Soviets to counter, impose disproportionate costs, open up new areas of major military competition and obsolesce previous Soviet investment or employ sophisticated strategic options to achieve this end. Reagan's [[Strategic Defense Initiative]] (SDI), or "Star Wars" as the media referred to it, was a costly high-tech research and development program designed to make arms spending a "rising burden on the Soviet economy."<ref>Peter Schweizer , [http://www.reason.com/news/show/28929.html ''Reagan's War: The Epic Story of His Forty Year Struggle and Final Triumph Over Communism''], New York: Doubleday, 2002.</ref><br />
The Reagan Initiative was also concerned with aiding nations in active conflict with the Soviet Union. One such group was the [[mujahideen]] of Afghanistan who were given anti-aircraft missiles to fight the Soviet invaders. <br />
<br />
A report by the CIA of the critical domestic economic problems and social discontent Soviet General Secretary Gorbachev provided a look what the sources of his principal dilemma-the very reforms needed to deal with the problems would threaten preservation of the [[nomenklatura]] and put at risk Gorbachev's ability to maintain the power to bring about [[Perestroika]].<ref>CIA Assessments of the Soviet Union: [https://www.cia.gov/csi/monograph/russia/enter.html Chapter 5, Enter Gorbachev ], Douglas J. MacEachin, CIA Publications, 1996.</ref><br />
<br />
====Reykjavík Summit====<br />
[[Image:Photo 4 250.jpg|right|250px|thumb|Reagan and Gorbachev at Reykjavik]]<br />
{{main|Reykjavík Summit}}<br />
<br />
Gorbachev requested a Summit with Reagan in Reykjavik in October 1986 to discuss the stresses competition from Reagan's defense posture was having on Soviet military spending and economy, and Gorbachev's ability to carryout his plans of restructuring Communist control. Gorbachev told the [[Politburo]] in preparation for the Summit, "Our goal is to prevent the next round of arms race. If we do not do this ... will pulled into an arms race beyond our power, and we will lose this race, for we are presently at the limit of out capabilities."<ref>Notes of Politburo Meeting 4 October 1986, [https://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/cold.war/episodes/22/documents/reykjavik/ Gorbachev's instructions for the group preparing for Reykjavik]</ref><br />
<br />
Initially, Reagan recognized that the Soviets were offering a bad deal at the [[Reykjavík Summit]], so he walked away from the table.<ref>[https://www.nationalreview.com/article/423381/reagans-lesson-obama-no-agreement-better-bad-agreement-thom-tillis Reagan's Lesson to Obama: 'No Agreement Is Better Than a Bad Agreement'], [[National Review]]</ref><br />
<br />
A year later, the ''Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF)'', which was signed by Reagan and Gorbachev on December 8, 1987.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/12/newsid_3732000/3732902.stm 1986: Reykjavik summit ends in failure], [[BBC]]</ref><br />
<br />
===Dealing with the Soviets===<br />
Gorbachev, weakened by his nation's economic [[malaise]], frightened by SDI, and committed to reforming the Soviet system before it collapsed, realized he had to end the Cold War to save Communism. Reagan proved willing to deal, but had to face three sources of criticism inside the U.S. The political right represented by the ''[[National Review]]'' and columnists such as [[George F. Will]] feared it was all a Soviet trap. Reagan used his enormous influence within the conservative movement to disarm these critics before disarming the Russians. Second were the "realists", led by Nixon and Henry A. Kissinger, who thought Reagan was going too far. The third group comprised segments of the intelligence community and military; they did not believe that the Soviet Union was as weak as Reagan and secretary of state, George P. Shultz, believed. Reagan, reelected in a landslide and at the peak of his power, pushed ahead with a series of agreements that effectively weakened the Soviet Empire and made it clear America had the initiative.<ref>James Mann, ''The Rebellion of Ronald Reagan'' (2009)</ref> <br />
<br />
By the late 1980s, the Soviet Union began unilateral force cuts and troop withdrawals from Eastern Europe, and by May 1989 an unprecedented series of disclosures by senior Soviet officials revealed actual reductions in defense spending for the 1986-1990 and 1991-1995 Five Year Plan periods.<ref>Christopher Wilkinson NATO Review, [http://www.nato.int/docu/review/1991/9102-4.htm Soviet Defense Spending], NATO's Economics Directorate No. 2 - April 1991, Vol. 39 p. 16-22</ref> Genrikh Grofimenko, a former adviser to [[Leonid Brezhnev]], said "Ninety-nine percent of the Russian people believe that [the US] won the Cold War because of your president's insistence on SDI".<ref>Peter Schweizer, ''Reagan’s War''.</ref> Gennady Gerasimov, the Soviet Foreign Ministry's top spokesman during the 1980s, said "Reagan's SDI was a very successful blackmail. The Soviet economy couldn't endure such competition."<ref>[https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB122478630951963297 Freedom's Team], [[Wall Street Journal]]</ref><br />
<br />
Reagan also brought about the collapse of the [[Berlin Wall]], which was a symbol of [[communism]] and oppressed the [[freedom]] of East Berliners that wanted to move to West Berlin.<br />
<br />
===Containment and the Iranian initiative===<br />
[[Image:C26887-26.jpg|right|250px|thumb|President Reagan being sworn in for second term in the rotunda at the U.S. Capitol, 1/21/85]]<br />
{{main|Containment}}<br />
<br />
In 1985, after Reagan won reelection to his second term, the focus turned from reviving the domestic economy to several foreign policy matters which had been lingering throughout the decade. One such matter involved Iran, a longtime ally of the Western Allies since 1941 that had experienced an [[Islamic Revolution]] in 1979 after President Carter announced [[Human Rights]] had superseded [[Containment]] as the primary focus of American foreign policy. Since 1980, Iran had been enmeshed in a brutal trench war with neighboring Iraq which was emerging as a potent military threat in the region to other allies. Members of the National Security Council staff, along with CIA Director [[William Casey]], persuaded Reagan much could be gained and several problems could be addressed simultaneously with an overture to Iran to restore relations.<br />
<br />
The objective of the plan was fourfold:<br />
#Take steps to restore good relations with the [[Islamic Republic of Iran]] which was becoming increasingly hostile to the West; <br />
#Take measures to convince Iran that Israel could become a friend and ally;<br />
#Insurance against Iraq becoming too strong which would become a threat to [[Kuwait]] or [[Saudi Arabia]]; <br />
#Provide funding for other operations to continue the policy of containment in the Western Hemisphere, most notably [[Nicaragua]], and the violence the Soviet/Cuban/Nicaragua connection was creating in [[El Salvador]] and [[Honduras]].<br />
<br />
There were humanitarian aspects to the proposal as well; (1) the [[Iran-Iraq War]] had stalemated for nearly six years and Reagan was advised that he was in the unique position as president to help facilitate bringing a senseless war with much suffering to an end; (2) the suffering of the people of the Central American Republics at the hands of Soviet-inspired subversion which had in the decade of the '80s established a beachhead in North America; (3) Iran perhaps could be persuaded to use its good offices to influence hostage-takers in [[Lebanon]] who had held several Western prisoners, many of them Christian Missionaries, for several years.<br />
<br />
Reports had filtered back to Reagan that children as young as nine years old had been used by Iran to clear minefields.<ref>[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/iran-iraq.htm Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988), ''Iraqi Retreats, 1982-84''], Globalsecurity.org, retrieved 20 March 2007.</ref> In weighing Iraq's delicate Sunni/Shia balance and the growing threat of Iranian-sponsored terrorism, the NSC staff and Casey recognized the dangers of an Iraqi collapse as well as the urgent need to dissuade Iran from continuing its ruthless and inhumane tactics.<ref>[http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB82/iraq53.pdf NSDD 139, 5 April 1984].</ref><br />
<br />
The [[Boland amendment]], a Vietnam era-style Congressional impingement on the legitimate foreign policy prerogatives of the Executive via the power of the purse, was used to deny Reagan's recommitment to the [[Truman Doctrine]] which had been adhered to by every President, Democratic and Republican alike since Truman, with the exception of [[President Carter]] whose [[human rights]] policy had brought one of the active belligerents, the [[Ayatollah Khomeini]], to power. In three of the active Soviet fronts, [[Afghanistan]], [[Nicaragua]], and [[El Salvador]], some Congressional Democratic leaders were openly sympathetic to Soviet foreign policy.<ref>[https://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/004/591eifow.asp ''One Weekend in April, A Long Time Ago ... What John Kerry thought about the Sandinista in Nicaragua''], Hugh Hewitt, The Weekly Standard, 09/09/2004.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20060331222819/www.newsmax.com/archives/ic/2004/6/7/234527.shtml ''Kerry: 'I'm Proud I Stood Against Reagan''] Carl Limbacher and NewsMax.com Staff, 7 June 2004.</ref> So the decision was made to fund [[Containment]] of Soviet objectives on an active front in North America with sales of TOW missiles to Iran. Israel provided the TOWs because the [[Boland Amendment]] forbade direct US funding and it was a welcome opportunity for Israel to build bridges to a much-needed friend in the Middle East.<br />
<br />
The operation was known as the "[[Iran-Contra affair]]." After word got out about the operation in November 1986, investigations were made, leading to the convictions of several members of the Reagan administration. President Reagan himself testified before the Tower Commission that he had poor recollection of the details of the operation due in part to the heavy pain medications he had been on in that period.<br />
<br />
===Nicaragua===<br />
In 1981 Robert McFarlane, then assistant to the Secretary of State proposed a coordinated covert political, economic, and military approach to the pro-Communist [[Sandinista]] government in Nicaragua and the insurgency in El Salvador, led by [[Daniel Ortega]]. His proposal was approved in January 1982, in "National Security Directive 17," which provided for a $20 million program against the Sandinista government and gave the [[Central Intelligence Agency]] (CIA) responsibility for organizing a five-hundred-man "interdiction" force.<ref>See [http://www.fas.org/irp/offdocs/nsdd/nsdd-017.htm Portions online]</ref> Democrats in Congress began voicing opposition in 1982; Reagan and Congress were in constant battle until 1987, when all five Central American heads of state signed a peace accord. The Sandinistas and Contras signed a cease-fire agreement in 1988, and in 1991 democratic elections overthrew the Sandinista regime.<ref>James M. Scott, "Interbranch Rivalry and the Reagan Doctrine in Nicaragua." ''Political Science Quarterly'' 1997 112(2): 237-260.</ref><br />
<br />
===Beirut===<br />
During the Lebanese Civil War, Reagan sent peacekeeping forces as a part of a multinational force to Beirut. On October 23, 1983, the barracks were bombed. As a result of the bombing, 241 Americans were killed.<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1697&dat=19860827&id=ljQqAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ZUcEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6550,6530129&hl=en Reagan says worst mistake involved Marines in Beirut]</ref> The Embassy was also attacked, which resulted in the deaths of 63 people, 17 of which were Americans.<ref>[http://www.deseretnews.com/article/515039782/1983-Beirut-bomb-began-era-of-terror.html?pg=all 1983 Beirut bomb began era of terror]</ref><ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/1023.html Beirut Death Toll at 161 Americans; French Casualties Rise in Bombings; Reagan Insists Marines Will Remain], [[New York Times]]</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=BMnUBQJBbgIC&pg=PT157 Seven Events That Made America America: And Proved That the Founding Fathers Were Right All Along], by Larry Schweikart</ref><br />
<br />
===Grenada===<br />
On March 13, 1979, the New Joint Endeavor for Welfare, Education, and Liberation Movement (New Jewel Movement—NJM), ousted Sir Eric Gairy in a coup and established a People's Revolutionary Government (PRG) headed by Maurice Bishop, who became Prime Minister of [[Grenada]]. His Marxist–Leninist government established close ties with Cuba, the Soviet Union, and other communist bloc countries.<br />
<br />
In October 1983, a power struggle within the government resulted in the arrest and execution of Bishop and several members of his cabinet and the killing of dozens of his supporters by elements of the People's Revolutionary Army (PRA).<br />
<br />
A U.S.-Caribbean force landed on Grenada on October 25, 1983, for Operation Urgent Fury, in response to an appeal from the Governor General and to a request for assistance from Barbados and other Eastern Caribbean states. U.S. citizens were evacuated, and order was restored.<br />
<br />
An advisory council named by the Governor General administered the country until general elections were held in December 1984. The New National Party (NNP) led by Herbert Blaize won 14 out of 15 seats in free and fair elections and formed a democratic government. Grenada's constitution had been suspended in 1979 by the PRG, but it was restored after the 1984 elections. <br />
<br />
===Cold War victory===<br />
[[Image:300px-ReaganBerlinWall.jpg|right|275px|thumb|"Mr.Gorbachev, tear down this wall!"]] Reagan is credited for ending the [[Cold War]] in victory for the United States. Historian Tony Judt in ''Postwar'' credits Soviet leader [[Mikhail Gorbachev]], while the political scientist Jan Kubik presents a viewpoint that credits [[Pope John Paul II]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080221230216/http://praguepost.com/articles/2007/02/28/letters-to-the-editor.php Letters to the Editor]</ref> Other historians contend structural weaknesses within the Communist bloc meant Reagan's actions were inconsequential to the end of [[communism]]. This is the view adopted by [[Russia]]ns themselves, and many political historians, citing ''[[perestroika]]'' and ''[[glasnost]]'' as beginning an inevitable slow fading of central power, and a collapse by irreconcilable differences between the central Soviet [[Politburo]] and the constituent republics, especially the [[Ukraine]].<ref>David Remnick, "Lenin's Tomb</ref> In the end, the consensus seems to point to all of the above, that hastened the demise of the Soviet Union; Internal factors, religious pressure brought by the Pope, Gorbachev's "Perestroika" and the united front of Ronald Reagan and [[Margaret Thatcher]], leading [[NATO]] and [[the West]] to embed a [[SDI|missile defense system]] in [[Western Europe]], and the economic superiority of [[Capitalism]], which simply out-spent and out-performed that of the Communist one. <br />
<br />
One thing that cannot be quantified is Reagan's ability to give [[hope]], his never-ending optimism that good would indeed triumph over evil.<ref>[http://www.cbn.com/cbnnews/us/2015/March/That-Time-the-President-Spoke-Truth-about-Our-Enemies/?Print=true That Time the President Spoke Truth about Our Enemies], [[Christian Broadcasting Network]]</ref> Many see that as key to bringing extra confidence to those locked behind the "[[Iron Curtain]]" to press even harder for reforms.<br />
<br />
Columnist Cal Thomas wrote about it like this: <br />
<br />
{{cquote|'''''He proved he was right about the big things.'' Faced with editorial denunciations at home and massive demonstrations in [[Europe]] against his plan to put missiles there to offset a [[Soviet]] threat, Reagan went ahead and did it anyway. The Soviets could not keep pace with the buildup or Reagan's proposed missile defense system (derided by insincere and dangerous critics as "[[Star Wars]]"). ''When those critics could not bring themselves to admit they were wrong, they unpersuasively claimed the Soviet Union fell under its own weight.'' More accurately, Reagan pushed it onto "the ash heap of history," with the able assistance of British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and [[Pope John Paul II]]. What Reagan did more than anything else - and it will be his lasting legacy - is replace [[despair]] with hope. Most people, even his detractors, felt a glow from being in his presence. <br />
<br />
'''''He was the kindest, most gracious president I have met, and I have met them all since JFK. In his presence you felt he was interested in you and not himself. He was a good man.''''' <ref>[http://www.townhall.com/columnists/CalThomas/2004/06/07/ronald_reagans_wonderful_life Ronald Reagan's wonderful life], [[Townhall]]</ref>}}<br />
<br />
[[Brian Mulroney]], the [[Canada|Canadian]] Prime Minister, Eulogized Reagan at his state funeral:<br />
{{cquote|'''Some in the West during the early 1980s believed communism and democracy were equally valid and viable. This was the school of "[[moral equivalence]]." In contrast Ronald Reagan saw Soviet Communism as a menace to be confronted in the genuine belief that its squalid underpinning would fall swiftly to the gathering winds of [[freedom]]. Provided, as he said, that NATO and the industrialized democracies stood firm and united. They did. ''And we know now who was right.'''''<ref>[http://reagan2020.us/eulogies/mulroney.asp Brian Mulroney on Ronald Reagan]</ref>}}<br />
<br />
Former Reagan speech writer [[Peggy Noonan]] paid tribute to the fallen president in a [[Wall Street Journal]] editorial. In it, Noonan noted: <br />
{{Cquote|'''Ronald Reagan told the truth to a world made weary by lies. He believed truth was the only platform on which a better future could be built. He shocked the world when he called the Soviet Union ‘evil,’ because it was, and an 'empire,' because it was that, too. He never stopped bringing his message to the people of the world, to Europe and China and in the end the Soviet Union. And when it was over, the Berlin Wall had been turned into a million concrete souvenirs, and Soviet communism had fallen. But of course, it didn’t fall. <u>It was pushed</u>. By Mr. Know-Nothing-Cowboy-Gunslinger-Dimwit. ''All presidents should be so stupid...'''''<ref>[https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB108656337732830162 Thanks from a Grateful Country], [[WSJ]]</ref>}}<br />
<br />
Reagan earned the undying animosity of leftists by not only saving capitalism by destroying the socialist [[Great Society]] programs, before he left office the two communist monoliths, Russia and China, converted to capitalism. America had fought two horrible, violent wars in Korea and Vietnam against the spread of leftist ideology and institutions, to a stalemate. Reagan saved the planet from communist slavery, and Democrats hated him for it.<br />
<br />
===Libya===<br />
In the 1980s, [[Muammar al-Gaddafi]] became a sponsor of [[terrorism]]. President [[Ronald Reagan]] ordered a retaliatory bombing of his palace and key Libyan targets in April 1986 during Operation El Dorado Canyon. At the time, Gaddafi, [[Fidel Castro]], and [[Leonid Brezhnev]] were considered to be an "unholy trinity".<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=rVXuAAAAMAAJ&dq=%22unholy+trinity%22&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=%22unholy+trinity%22 Time Inc., 1982], [[Time Magazine]]</ref><br />
[[Image:Reagan and Thatcher.jpg|right|225px|thumb|Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher at the [[White House]]]]<br />
===Thatcher on Reagan===<br />
<br />
Upon his death, [[Margaret Thatcher]], in very ill health from a series of strokes, insisted upon traveling to America to bid farewell to her old friend, and taped a stirring tribute to him: <br />
{{cquote|'''As Prime Minister, I worked closely with Ronald Reagan for eight of the most important years of all our lives. We talked regularly both before and after his presidency. And I have had time and cause to reflect on what made him a great president. Ronald Reagan knew his own mind. He had firm principles - and, I believe, right ones. He expounded them clearly, he acted upon them decisively. ''When the world threw problems at the White House, he was not baffled, or disorientated, or overwhelmed. He knew almost instinctively what to do.''''' <br />
<br />
'''When his aides were preparing option papers for his decision, they were able to cut out entire rafts of proposals that they knew 'the Old Man' would never wear. When his allies came under Soviet or domestic pressure, they could look confidently to Washington for firm leadership. And when his enemies tested American resolve, they soon discovered that his resolve was firm and unyielding. ''Yet his ideas, though clear, were never simplistic. He saw the many sides of truth.'' Yes, he warned that the Soviet Union had an insatiable drive for military power and territorial expansion; but he also sensed it was being eaten away by systemic failures impossible to reform. Yes, he did not shrink from denouncing Moscow's 'evil empire'.''' <br />
<br />
'''But he realized that a man of goodwill might nonetheless emerge from within its dark corridors. So the President resisted Soviet expansion and pressed down on Soviet weakness at every point until the day came when communism began to collapse beneath the combined weight of these pressures and its own failures. And when a man of goodwill did emerge from the ruins, President Reagan stepped forward to shake his hand and to offer sincere cooperation. ''Nothing was more typical of Ronald Reagan than that large-hearted magnanimity - and nothing was more American.'''''<ref>[http://reagan2020.us/eulogies/thatcher.asp Margaret Thatcher on Ronald Reagan]</ref>}}<br />
<br />
==Post-presidency==<br />
[[Image:5.jpg|left|thumb|250px|President Bush presents the Medal of Freedom Award to Former President Ronald Reagan in the East Room of the White House, 01/13/93]]<br />
Reagan retired to California. He would occasionally involve himself in politics, including a speech in Britain addressing the [[Tiananmen Square massacre]], and an address at the 1992 Republican National Convention.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1989/06/14/world/reagan-gets-a-red-carpet-from-british.html Reagan Gets A Red Carpet From British], [[The New York Times]], June 14, 1989, "''You cannot massacre an idea, you cannot run tanks over hope. You cannot riddle a people's yearning with bullets. Those heroic Chinese students who gave their lives have released the spirit of democracy and it cannot be called back. That spirit is loose upon the world this spring''."</ref><ref>[http://www.nbcuniversalarchives.com/nbcuni/clip/5112542724_007.do President Reagan Speaks Out on Tiananmen Square Massacre], [[NBC]]</ref><br />
<br />
At a speech in front of the National Association of Broadcasters on April 13, 1992, Reagan was assaulted by a radical anti-nuclear protester masquerading as a press agent.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1992/04/16/us/protester-at-reagan-speech-had-press-credentials.html Protester at Reagan Speech Had Press Credentials], [[The New York Times]]</ref> The protester, identified as Rick Paul Springer, was the founder of a group called ''The 100th Monkey''.<ref>[http://articles.latimes.com/1993-07-16/news/mn-13621_1_las-vegas Man Who Disrupted Reagan Speech Flees 4-Month Jail Term]</ref> At the event, Reagan was awarded a 2-foot statue for his contributions to broadcasting, made out of crystal weighing nearly 30 pounds.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1992/04/14/us/reagan-unhurt-after-man-smashes-30-pound-statue.html Reagan Unhurt After Man Smashes 30-Pound Statue], [[The New York Times]]</ref> When Springer smashed the statue, some shards did hit Reagan, but he was not hurt.<br />
<br />
After the secret service rushed the man off stage, Reagan asked the crowd "Was that a democrat by chance?",<ref>[http://www.deseretnews.com/article/221028/NUCLEAR-PROTESTER-RUSHES-REAGAN-SMASHES-STATUE.html?pg=all NUCLEAR PROTESTER RUSHES REAGAN, SMASHES STATUE]</ref> to which the crowd burst into laughter.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NaLMmcY3vs0 President Reagan Attacked at NAB Convention Las Vegas April 1992 480p], [[CBS News]] video from 1992</ref> A spokesman for the [[Secret Service]] said that he was not sure how Springer got so close to Reagan to begin with.<ref>[http://articles.latimes.com/1992-04-19/news/vw-684_1_secret-service-protection How Do You Really Protect a President?], [[Los Angeles Times]]</ref><br />
<br />
On January 13, 1993 President George H. W. Bush awarded Reagan the Presidential [[Medal of Freedom]]. Reagan was becoming increasingly forgetful. His last public appearance was on April 27, 1994, at the funeral for President Richard Nixon.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=ewc1V-KnRMYC&pg=PA182 Ronald Reagan: A Biography]</ref> In November 1994, he announced that he had been diagnosed in August with [[Alzheimer's disease]], a degenerative nerve disorder that annihilates the victim's mental capacity.<br />
<br />
([[See Reagan's letter to the American people regarding his disease.]])<br />
<br />
He died at his [[Los Angeles|Bel Air]] home on June 5, 2004 at the age of 93, making him the second-longest lived president in history after [[Gerald Ford]]. Reagan was buried at the Ronald Reagan Presidential Foundation and Library, located in Simi Valley, California, on June 11, 2004.<ref>[http://www.reaganfoundation.org/listviewf.aspx?session_args=NCrq/CB0Nbp/onw6gOr7mg==&p=LM2002EX&tx=13&h1=7&h2=3&sw=lm_exhibit&lm=libraryandmuseum&args_a=cms&args_b=32&argsb=N Exhibitions]</ref><br />
<br />
==Legacy and Honors==<br />
[[Image:Reagan at the Rotunda.jpg|right|thumb|150px|The State of California donated a statue of Reagan to the [[National Statuary Hall Collection]] in 2009. The statue is currently in the Rotunda.<ref>[https://www.aoc.gov/capitol-hill/national-statuary-hall-collection/ronald-wilson-reagan Ronald Wilson Reagan]</ref>]]<br />
There is growing consensus among scholars, both conservative and liberal, that he was the most influential president since [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]]. Reagan left a major imprint on American politics, diplomacy, culture, and economics.<ref>"As of this writing, among academic historians, the Reagan revisionists—who view the 1980s as an era of mixed blessings at worst, and of great forward strides in some renditions—hold the field," reports Doug Rossinow, "Talking Points Memo," in American Quarterly 59.4 (2007) p. 1279. For more historiographical support see: Troy (2009); Hayward (2009); Wilentz (2008); also Charles L. Ponce de Leon, "The New Historiography of the 1980s" in ''Reviews in American History,'' Volume 36, Number 2, June 2008, pp. 303-314; Whitney Strub, "Further into the Right: The Ever-Expanding Historiography of the U.S. New Right," ''Journal of Social History,'' Volume 42, Number 1, Fall 2008, pp. 183-194; Kim Phillips-Fein, "Ronald Reagan: Fate, Freedom, and Making of History," ''Enterprise & Society'', Volume 8, Number 4, December 2007, pp. 986-988.</ref><br />
<br />
On March 26, 1982, Reagan's boyhood home in Dixon, Illinois<ref>[https://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/presidents/ronald_reagan_boyhood_home.html Ronald Reagan Boyhood Home]</ref> was added to the National Register of Historic Places.<ref>[http://www.discoverdixon.org/dixon-community/70-reagan-s-roots.html Reagan's Roots]</ref> In 2002, Congress authorized<ref>[https://www.congress.gov/bill/107th-congress/house-bill/400/text/pl To authorize the Secretary of the Interior to establish the Ronald Reagan Boyhood Home National Historic Site, and for other purposes]</ref> the purchase of the property and placed under the jurisdiction of the National Park Service.<ref>[http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2002-02-07/news/0202070346_1_boyhood-home-reagan-home-historic-site Reagan home is a historic site], [[Chicago Tribune]]</ref><br />
<br />
Reagan has come to be known by some conservatives as '''Ronaldus Magnus'''.<ref>[http://moonbattery.com/?p=66847 Vintage Christmas Address From Ronaldus Magnus], [[Moonbattery]]</ref><ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AIAVrsmO_1Q Rush Limbaugh- Tribute To Ronald Reagan Part 1], Segment from the [[Rush Limbaugh]] TV show, February 6, 1996</ref><br />
<br />
The Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, [[Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport]], and the aircraft carrier [[USS Ronald Reagan]] (CVN-76) are named in his honor.<ref>[http://www.reagan.navy.mil/ USS Ronald Reagan]</ref><ref>[http://www.uscarriers.net/cvn76history.htm USS RONALD REAGAN], USS ''Ronald Reagan'' CVN 76 official website</ref><br />
<br />
In 2011, the Toyon Park in the [[Anaheim Hills]] area of [[Anaheim]], [[California]] was renamed the Ronald Reagan Park.<ref>{{cite news |first=Eric |last=Carpenter |title=Ronald Reagan gets park named after him |url=https://www.ocregister.com/2011/02/09/ronald-reagan-gets-park-named-after-him/ |publisher=Orange County Register |date=February 9, 2011}}</ref><br />
<br />
[[Edwin Feulner]], one of the founders of the [[Heritage Foundation]], described Reagan's legacy this way: "At a time when patriotism was mocked, he exposed the bankruptcy of modern liberalism and proved that true liberty is still a fighting faith."<ref>[https://www.heritage.org/research/commentary/2004/06/the-legacy-of-ronald-reagan The Legacy of Ronald Reagan], [[Heritage Foundation]]</ref><br />
<br />
Conservatives such as [[Grover Norquist]] and his Reagan Legacy Project have sought to name at least one major structure in each U.S. country after Reagan, resulting in a large number of structures after him.<ref>Moody, Chris; Capachi, Casey (September 15, 2017). [https://www.cnn.com/2015/09/16/politics/ronald-reagan-naming-debate-2016/index.html Why Ronald Reagan's name is everywhere]. ''CNN''. Retrieved September 15, 2017.</ref><br />
<br />
Liberal Democrats have had a certain level of respect for Reagan because of his influential status in American history, though they also frequently weaponize him and his quotes when criticizing conservatives.<ref>Larsen, Emily (July 19, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/unlike-other-democrats-pete-buttigieg-has-no-use-for-ronald-reagans-legacy Unlike other Democrats, Pete Buttigieg has no use for Ronald Reagan’s legacy]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved July 20, 2019.</ref><br />
<br />
===Conservative Activism===<br />
[[Image:Reagan and Buckley.jpg|left|thumb|250px|President Reagan meets with Conservative icon [[William F. Buckley]]]]<br />
Since Reagan's passing and even prior to it, there has been a concerted effort by [[RINOs]] to make him seem less conservative than he was during his life. There have been plenty of former democrats who switched parties and became Republicans, but few of them spent as much time helping to build the '''conservative movement''' over the decades, as well as keeping the legacy of the [[Founding Fathers]] alive.<ref>[https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/2016/04/04/juan-williams-ronald-reagan-loved-founding-fathers.html?intcmp=obinsite Juan Williams: Ronald Reagan loved the Founding Fathers], [[Fox News]]</ref> Prior to the era of the [[Tea Party Movement]], conservative efforts and organizations have come and gone, many of which Reagan stood side by side with. The ''Town Meeting for Freedom'', which sometimes led to accusations of him being a "Bircher";<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=iuaeEX-1yKgC&pg=PA124 The Right Moment: Ronald Reagan's First Victory and the Decisive Turning]</ref> he was a member of ''Project Prayer'', which rallied after the [[Supreme Court]] banned prayer in public schools;<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=7IBuD1fC_tkC&dq=%22project+prayer%22 Ronald Reagan], by George Sullivan</ref> he appeared at rallies for groups like ''Project Alert'' and the ''Christian Anti-Communist Crusade'';<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=-nnsCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT23 Selling Ronald Reagan: The Emergence of a President]</ref> he joined the board of YAF, the [[Young Americans for Freedom]](which later became the [[Young America's Foundation]])<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=fPWPDH-0TZYC&pg=PA67 Reagan's Revolution: The Untold Story of the Campaign That Started It All]</ref> and helped make it a successful organization; and he was open for years about his love for the conservative publication [[Human Events]],<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=C1kvsToagGEC&pg=PA24 President Reagan: The Triumph of Imagination]</ref> which helped to increase its prominence. During the 1970s, Reagan helped transform the [[National Rifle Association]] into what it is today, with Reagan being the first presidential candidate they had endorsed in their then 109-year history.<ref>[http://www.thenation.com/article/how-nra-became-organization-aspiring-vigilantes-part-2/ How the NRA Became an Organization for Aspiring Vigilantes], The [[Nation magazine]]</ref><br />
<br />
To listen to some pundits, journalists, and other political figures, you would think Reagan changed the letter D after his name into the letter R, made a few speeches here and there, and then washed his hands of it. Nothing could be further from the truth. He spent a lifetime in the trenches once he decided to become a conservative. He was all-in. Once Reagan became president, he was not afraid to champion conservative causes, nor talk about his faith and his belief in God. He frequently talked about the importance of religious faith to a free society.<ref>[https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/2016/02/06/ronald-reagan-remembering-champion-religious-liberty-on-his-birthday.html Ronald Reagan: Remembering the champion of religious liberty on his birthday], [[Fox News]]</ref><br />
<br />
==Family==<br />
[[File:Reagan Family.jpg|left|160px|thumb|Ronald and Nancy Reagan with Patti Davis, Ron, Maureen, and Michael Reagan, 1976.]]<br />
On January 26, 1940, Reagan married actress Jane Wyman at The Wee Kirk o' the Heather chapel in Glendale, California.<ref>[http://articles.latimes.com/1989-08-13/local/me-908_1_forest-lawn 'Till Death Do Us Part : A Wedding at a Cemetery Might Seem Macabre, but Forest Lawn's 2 Chapels Are Booked 6 Months Ahead], [[Los Angeles Times]]</ref><br />
<br />
Wyman was an Oscar-winning actress for her role in the 1948 movie ''Johnny Belinda''. They had three children together: Maureen Elizabeth Reagan (1941-2001), who passed away from malignant [[melanoma]] within months of diagnosis, at age 60; [[Michael Reagan|Michael Edward Reagan]] (b. 1945-),<ref>Michael Reagan is the adopted son of Wyman and Reagan. See conservapedia.com: "[[Michael Reagan]]"</ref> and Christine Reagan (June 26 & 27, 1947). She was born prematurely and survived only one day. The baby's death traumatized Wyman. In 1948, Wyman (who married a total of four times) divorced Reagan in 1948. Ironically, Wyman was a Republican at the time while Reagan was a Democrat.<br />
<br />
A year later, he met actress [[Nancy Davis]] (b. 1921). In 1952 they married at the Little Brown Church in Studio City, California.<ref>[https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2016/03/07/reagans-church-is-big-in-japan/ Reagan's Church in L.A. is 'Big in Japan']</ref> They remained married until his death in 2004. Together they had two children, Patricia "Patti" Ann Davis (b. 1952) and [[Ron P. Reagan|Ronald Prescott Reagan]] (b. 1958).<br />
<br />
==Excellent sense of humor==<br />
The opposite of many of today's politicians, Reagan had an excellent sense of humor<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BTIfGFJqLko</ref>. When he had almost been assassinated, he removed his oxygen mask and cracked a joke "I hope you're all Republicans".<ref>https://www.nationalreview.com/corner/i-hope-you-are-all-republicans-john-j-miller/</ref> Reagan also poked fun at his age multiple times, such as when he answered a question in a presidential debate against Walter Mondale about his age. His response to that question included the words "I am not going to exploit for political purposes my opponent's youth and inexperience".<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fJhCjMfRndk</ref> The one-liner was so humorous and clever that even Mondale genuinely laughed at it. In addition, Reagan had also once humorously remarked that the "nine most terrifying words in the English language are 'I'm from the government and I'm here to help'"<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xhYJS80MgYA</ref><br />
==Sunset==<br />
Opening up to the Anerican people about his Alzheimer's diagnosis, from his last words in a Nov 5, 1994 letter:<ref>[https://www.reaganlibrary.gov/reagans/ronald-reagan/reagans-letter-announcing-his-alzheimers-diagnosis Reagan's Letter Announcing his Alzheimer's Diagnosis], Reagan Library.</ref><br />
<blockquote>I now begin the journey that will lead me into the sunset of my life. I know that for America there will always be a bright dawn ahead.<br />
<br />
Thank you, my friends. May God always bless you.<br />
</blockquote><br />
<br />
==Miscellaneous Facts==<br />
*Reagan was the first president to break the so-called "Curse of Tippecanoe," i.e., the first president elected in a twenty-year cycle who did not die in office (although an attempt was made on his life in 1981).<br />
*At 69, Reagan was the oldest man elected to the presidency for a first term.<br />
*Reagan loved [[jelly bean]]s.<ref>[https://reaganlibrary.archives.gov/archives/reference/jellybellies.html JELLY BELLY JELLY BEANS AND RONALD REAGAN]</ref> The blueberry flavor was made in his honor. [[Jelly Belly]] even created a Ronald Reagan [[portraits|portrait]] out of jelly beans.<ref>[https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2146733/Art-thats-good-eat-Incredible-jelly-bean-portraits-use-10-000-sweets.html Art that’s good enough to eat: Incredible jelly bean portraits that each use more than 10,000 sweets]</ref><br />
*After his death, some of his closest supporters wished to put him on the $10 bill.<ref>[https://money.cnn.com/2004/06/08/news/economy/reagan_hamilton/index.htm Reagan the new face of the $10 bill?], [[CNN]]</ref><br />
*Reagan played college football player [[George Gipp]] in the film ''Knute Rockne: All American'' (1940), and was affectionately known as "The Gipper" ever since.<ref>[https://www.nationalreview.com/article/208420/taxing-experience A Taxing Experience], [[National Review]]</ref><br />
*Reagan signed Proclamation 5018 declaring 1983 the [[Year of the Bible]].<br />
*The booth where Ronald proposed to Nancy from the restaurant ''Chasen's'' is on display at the Reagan Library.<ref>[http://articles.latimes.com/2003/oct/14/local/me-reagan14 Reagan Library to Roll Out Renovated Galleries, Exhibits]</ref><br />
*Reagan kept a small plaque on his desk with the words "There is no limit to what a man can do or where he can go if he does not mind who gets the credit".<ref>[https://www.reaganfoundation.org/ronald-reagan/the-presidency/reagan-the-man/ Reagan the Man], Reagan Foundation</ref><br />
<br />
== Quotes ==<br />
{{main|Ronald Reagan Quotes}}<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Ronald Reagan's First Inaugural Speech]]<br />
* [[Ronald Reagan's 1980 Republican National Convention Speech]]<br />
* [[Ronald Reagan's 1984 Republican National Convention Speech]]<br />
* [[How Ronald Reagan won the Cold War]]<br />
* [[Limited government]]<br />
* [[Conservatives]] and [[Libertarians]]<br />
* [[Encroaching Control: Keep Government Poor and Remain Free]]<br />
* [[Ronald Reagan's speech on KAL 007#Text of the speech|Ronald Reagan's Speech on KAL 007]]<br />
* [[Korean Airlines Flight 007]]<br />
* [[U.S. Peace Council]]<br />
* [[Reagan revolution]]<br />
* [[Richard Clarke]]<br />
* [[List of Conservative or pro-Conservative Hollywood stars]]<br />
* [[Conservative media#Hollywood Conservatives|Hollywood conservatives]]<br />
* [[Essay:List of celebrities who support the Second Amendment]]<br />
* [[Loyal Davis]]<br />
* [[Let Them Go Their Way]] - Reagan's speech to CPAC, 1975<br />
* [[Ronald Reagan's Address to Young Americans for Freedom]], 1975<br />
* [https://mises.org/library/sad-legacy-ronald-reagan-0 Libertarian criticism of Reagan concerning big government]<br />
* [[Kate Smith]], whom Reagan honored with the [[Presidential Medal of Freedom]] in 1982<br />
<br />
==Further reading==<br />
see Bibliography for much more detailed guide.<br />
* Berman, Larry, ed. ''Looking Back on the Reagan Presidency'' (1990), essays by academics<br />
* Busch, Andrew E.; "Ronald Reagan and the Defeat of the Soviet Empire" in ''Presidential Studies Quarterly''. Vol: 27. Issue: 3. 1997. pp 451+. [http://www.questia.com/googleScholar.qst;jsessionid=HhHYNGdT18XmGxylZNJQhdSjrtry2j8zYD2pLstvcnSLFqC9JzvF!-313427117?docId=5000522864 online edition] by conservative<br />
* Cannon, Lou. ''President Reagan: The Role of a Lifetime '' Public Affairs. (2nd ed 2000) 948 pp. best full-length biography [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=88989671 online edition]<br />
* Cannon, Lou. ''Governor Reagan: His Rise to Power'' detailed biography<br />
* Flamm, Michael and John Ehrman. ''Debating the Reagan Presidency'' (2009), key issues explained; includes primary sources<br />
* Berman William C. ''America's Right Turn: From Nixon to Bush.'' (1994).<br />
* Brownlee, W. Elliot and Hugh Davis Graham, eds. ''The Reagan Presidency: Pragmatic Conservatism and Its Legacies'' (2003)<br />
* Campagna; Anthony S. ''The Economy in the Reagan Years: The Economic Consequences of the Reagan Administrations'' Greenwood Press. 1994 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=28144725 online edition], by conservative<br />
* Cannon, Lou. ''Ronald Reagan: The Presidential Portfolio''. (2001) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=101553874 online edition]<br />
* Ehrman, John. ''The Eighties: America in the Age of Reagan.'' (2005), by conservative historian<br />
* Griscom Tom. "Core Ideas of the Reagan Presidency." In Thompson, ed., ''Leadership,'' 23–48. <br />
* Hayward, Steven F. ''The Age of Reagan, 1964-1980: The Fall of the Old Liberal Order'' (2001) <br />
* Hayward, Steven F. ''The Age of Reagan: The Conservative Counterrevolution: 1980-1989'' (2009) [https://www.amazon.com/Age-Reagan-Conservative-Counterrevolution-1980-1989/dp/1400053579/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1258861343&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]<br />
* Hulten Charles R. and Isabel V. Sawhill, eds. ''The Legacy of Reaganomics: Prospects for Long-Term Growth.'' (1994). <br />
* Jones, Charles O. ed. ''The Reagan Legacy: Promise and Performance'' (1988) essays by political scientists<br />
* [http://www.ccc.nps.navy.mil/si/2004/aug/knopfAUG04.asp Jeffrey W. Knopf, "Did Reagan Win the Cold War?"] ''Strategic Insights'', Volume III, Issue 8 (August 2004)<br />
* Kyvig, David. ed. ''Reagan and the World'' (1990), scholarly essays on foreign policy<br />
* Langston, Thomas S. "Reassessing the Reagan Presidency," ''Presidential Studies Quarterly,'' Vol. 34, 2004 [http://www.questia.com/read/5006516145?title=Reassessing%20the%20Reagan%20Presidency online edition]<br />
* Levy, Peter B. ''Encyclopedia of the Reagan-Bush Years'' (1996), short articles [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=77341841 online edition]<br />
* Matlock, Jack. ''Reagan and Gorbachev: How the Cold War Ended.'' (2004) by the conservative US ambassador to Moscow<br />
* Pach, Chester. "The Reagan Doctrine: Principle, Pragmatism, and Policy." ''Presidential Studies Quarterly''(1): 75–88. Fulltext in SwetsWise and Ingenta; Reagan declared in 1985 that the U.S. should not "break faith" with [[anti-Communist]] resistance groups. However, his policies varied as differences in local conditions and US security interests produced divergent policies toward "freedom fighters" in Afghanistan, Nicaragua, Mozambique, Angola, and Cambodia. <br />
* Patterson, James T. ''Restless Giant: The United States from Watergate to Bush vs. Gore.'' (2005), standard scholarly synthesis of the era<br />
* Pemberton, William E. ''Exit with Honor: The Life and Presidency of Ronald Reagan'' (1998) short, favorable biography by historian [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=49534236 online edition]<br />
* Reagan Ronald. ''An American Life.'' (1990). his second autobiography<br />
* Reeves, Richard. ''President Reagan: The Triumph of Imagination'' (2005) detailed analysis by historian<br />
* Sullivan, George.''Mr. President'' (1997). for middle schools<br />
* Schmertz, Eric J. et al. eds. ''Ronald Reagan's America'' 2 Volumes (1997) articles by scholars and officeholders [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=15343830 vol 1 online][http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=28729700 vol 2 online] <br />
* Schweizer, Peter. ''Reagan's War: The Epic Story of His Forty Year Struggle and Final Triumph Over Communism'' (2002), by conservative<br />
* Thomas, Tony. ''The Films of Ronald Reagan'' (1980) <br />
* Troy, Gill. ''Morning in America: How Ronald Reagan Invented the 1980s'' (2004). Study of Reagan's image.<br />
* Troy, Gill. ''The Reagan Revolution: A Very Short Introduction'' (2009) [https://www.amazon.com/Reagan-Revolution-Short-Introduction-Introductions/dp/0195317106/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1258861138&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]<br />
* Wilentz, Sean. ''The Age of Reagan: A History, 1974-2008'' (2008), major narrative history by liberal historian who says Reagan transformed America<br />
<br />
==Detailed Bibliography==<br />
===Biographies===<br />
* Benze, Jr. James G. ''Nancy Reagan: On the White House Stage'' (2005), [https://www.amazon.com/Nancy-Reagan-White-Modern-Ladies/dp/070061401X/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1194317375&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]<br />
* Benze James G. "Nancy Reagan: China Doll or Dragon Lady?" ''Presidential Studies Quarterly'' 20 (fall 1990): 777-90<br />
* Cannon, Lou. ''President Reagan: The Role of a Lifetime '' Public Affairs. (2nd ed 2000) 948 pp. full-length biography [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=88989671 online edition]<br />
* Diggins, John. ''Ronald Reagan'' (2008), 528 pages, by leading conservative historian. <br />
* D'Souza, Dinesh. ''Ronald Reagan: How an Ordinary Man Became an Extraordinary Leader'' (1999), popular. [https://www.amazon.com/Ronald-Reagan-Ordinary-Became-Extraordinary/dp/0684848236/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1194317303&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]<br />
* Evans, Thomas W. ''The Education of Ronald Reagan: The General Electric Years'' (2006) [https://www.amazon.com/Education-Ronald-Reagan-Conversion-Conservatism/dp/0231138601/ref=sr_1_5/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1194317183&sr=1-5 excerpt and text search]<br />
* Morris, ''Edmund. Dutch: A Memoir of Ronald Reagan'' (1999), includes fictional material [https://www.amazon.com/Dutch-Memoir-Ronald-Edmund-Morris/dp/0375756450/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1194317223&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]<br />
* Pemberton, William E. ''Exit with Honor: The Life and Presidency of Ronald Reagan'' (1998) short biography by historian [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=49534236 online edition]<br />
* Reeves, Richard. ''President Reagan: The Triumph of Imagination'' (2005) detailed analysis by historian<br />
* Sullivan, George.''Mr. President'' (1997). for middle schools<br />
* Sutcliffe, Jane. ''Ronald Reagan'' (2008) 48 pages; for elementary school; [https://books.google.com/books?id=_H_u21ebGcsC&printsec=frontcover&dq=intitle:reagan&lr=&as_drrb_is=b&as_minm_is=1&as_miny_is=2007&as_maxm_is=12&as_maxy_is=2009&num=30&as_brr=0&as_pt=ALLTYPES excerpt and text search]<br />
<br />
===Reagan before 1981===<br />
* Brennan Mary C. ''Turning Right in the Sixties: The Conservative Capture of the GOP.'' University of North Carolina Press, 1995<br />
* Burbank, Garin. "Governor Reagan and California Welfare Reform: the Grand Compromise of 1971." ''California History'' 1991 70(3): 278–289. Issn: 0162-2897 <br />
* Burbank, Garin. "Governor Reagan's Only Defeat: The Proposition 1 Campaign in 1973." ''California History'' 72 (winter 1993-94): 360–73. <br />
* Burbank, Garin. "Speaker Moretti, Governor Reagan, and the Search for Tax Reform in California, 1970-1972" ''The Pacific Historical Review'' Vol. 61, No. 2 (May, 1992), pp.&nbsp;193–214 [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0030-8684%28199205%2961%3A2%3C193%3ASMGRAT%3E2.0.CO%3B2-E online in JSTOR]<br />
* Cannon, Lou. ''Governor Reagan: His Rise to Power'' Public Affairs. detailed biography [https://www.amazon.com/Governor-Reagan-His-Rise-Power/dp/1586480308/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1194317275&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]<br />
* Dallek, Matthew. ''The Right Moment: Ronald Reagan's First Victory and the Decisive Turning Point in American Politics.'' (2004). Study of 1966 election as governor.<br />
* DeGroot, Gerard J. "'A Goddamned Electable Person': the 1966 California Gubernatorial Campaign of Ronald Reagan." ''History'' 1997 82(267): 429–448. Issn: 0018-2648 Fulltext: in Swetswise, Ingenta and Ebsco <br />
* DeGroot, Gerard J. "Ronald Reagan and Student Unrest in California, 1966-1970." ''Pacific Historical Review'' 1996 65(1): 107–129. Issn: 0030-8684 Fulltext: in Jstor <br />
* Drew, Elizabeth. ''Portrait of an Election: The 1980 Presidential Campaign.'' (1981). <br />
* Ferguson, Thomas and Joel Rogers, eds. ''The Hidden Election: Politics and Economics in the 1980 Presidential Campaign,'' 1981. <br />
* Germond, Jack W. and Jules Witcover. ''Blue Smoke & Mirrors: How Reagan Won & Why Carter Lost the Election of 1980''. (1981). Detailed journalism.<br />
* Hayward, Steven F. ''The Age of Reagan, 1964-1980: The Fall of the Old Liberal Order'' (2001) <br />
* Hayward, Steven F. ''The Age of Reagan: The Conservative Counterrevolution: 1980-1989'' (2009) [https://www.amazon.com/Age-Reagan-Conservative-Counterrevolution-1980-1989/dp/1400053579/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1258861343&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]<br />
* Hamilton Gary G., and Nicole Woolsey Biggart. ''Governor Reagan, Governor Brown: A Sociology of executive Power.'' (1984). <br />
* Moore, Glen. "Ronald W. Reagan's Campaign for the Republican Party's 1968 Presidential Nomination." ''Proceedings and Papers of the Georgia Association of Historians'' (1992) 12[i.e., 13]: 57–70. Issn: 0275-3863 <br />
<br />
===Politics and Domestic issues ===<br />
* Aldrich, John H., and David W. Rohde. ''Change and Continuity in the 1984 Elections.'' (1987) <br />
* Amaker Norman C. ''Civil Rights and the Reagan Administration.'' Urban Institute Press, 1988<br />
* Berman, Larry, ed. ''Looking Back on the Reagan Presidency'' (1990), essays by academics<br />
* Berman William C. ''America's Right Turn: From Nixon to Bush.'' Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994.<br />
* Birnbaum Jeffrey H., and Alan S. Murray. ''Showdown at Gucci Gulch: Lawmakers, Lobbyists, and the Unlikely Triumph of Tax Reform.'' 1987. <br />
* Boskin Michael J. ''Reagan and the Economy: The Successes, Failures, and Unfinished Agenda.'' ICS Press, 1987. <br />
* Brownlee, W. Elliot and Hugh Davis Graham, eds. ''The Reagan Presidency: Pragmatic Conservatism and Its Legacies'' (2003)<br />
* Busch, Andrew E. ''Reagan's Victory: The Presidential Election of 1980 and the Rise of the Right,'' (2005) [http://www.claremont.org/publications/crb/id.1103/article_detail.asp online review by Michael Barone]<br />
* Campagna; Anthony S. ''The Economy in the Reagan Years: The Economic Consequences of the Reagan Administrations'' Greenwood Press. 1994 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=28144725 online edition]<br />
* Cannon, Lou. ''Ronald Reagan: The Presidential Portfolio''. Public Affairs. (2001) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=101553874 online edition]<br />
* Cook, Daniel M. and Polsky, Andrew J. "Political Time Reconsidered: Unbuilding and Rebuilding the State under the Reagan Administration." ''American Politics Research''(4): 577–605. ISSN 1532-673X Fulltext in SwetsWise. Argues Reagan slowed enforcement of pollution laws and transformed the national education agenda. <br />
* Derthick Martha, and Paul J. Quirk. ''The Politics of Deregulation.'' Brookings Institution, 1985<br />
* Detlefsen, Robert R. ''Civil Rights under Reagan'' Institute for Contemporary Studies, 1991 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=85749844 online edition]<br />
* Eads George C., and Michael Fix, eds. ''The Reagan Regulatory Strategy: An Assessment.'' Urban Institute Press, 1984<br />
* Ehrman, John. ''The Eighties: America in the Age of Reagan.'' (2005)<br />
* Evans Rowland, and Robert Novak. ''The Reagan Revolution.'' 1991. <br />
* Ferguson Thomas, and Joel Rogers, ''Right Turn: The Decline of the Democrats and the Future of American Politics'' 1986. <br />
* Germond Jack W., and Jules Witcover. ''Wake Us When It's Over: Presidential Politics of 1984.'' 1985. <br />
* Marshall R. Goodman; ''Managing Regulatory Reform: The Reagan Strategy and Its Impact'' Praeger Publishers, 1987 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=43165555 online edition]<br />
* Greider William. ''The Education of David Stockman and Other Americans.'' 1982. Stockman was Reagan's budget chief<br />
* Griscom Tom. "Core Ideas of the Reagan Presidency." In Thompson, ed., ''Leadership,'' 23–48. <br />
* Hulten Charles R. and Isabel V. Sawhill, eds. ''The Legacy of Reaganomics: Prospects for Long-Term Growth.'' C.: Urban Institute Press, 1994. <br />
* Johnson, Haynes. ''Sleepwalking through History: America in the Reagan Years'' (1991) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=104836392 online edition]<br />
* Jones, Charles O. ed. ''The Reagan Legacy: Promise and Performance'' (1988) essays by political scientists<br />
* Karier, Thomas. ''Great Experiments in American Economic Policy: From Kennedy to Reagan'' (1997) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=15083874 online edition]<br />
* Laham, Nicholas. ''The Reagan Presidency and the Politics of Race: In Pursuit of Colorblind Justice and Limited Government'' 1998. [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=14220230 online edition]<br />
* Levy, Peter B. ''Encyclopedia of the Reagan-Bush Years'' (1996), short articles [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=77341841 online edition]<br />
* Minarik Joseph J. ''Making America's Budget Policy. From the 1980s to the 1990s.'' M. E. Sharpe, 1990. <br />
* Palmer, John L., and Isabel V. Sawhill. ''The Reagan Record,'' 1984. economics and sociology<br />
* Patterson, James T. ''Restless Giant: The United States from Watergate to Bush vs. Gore.'' (2005), standard scholarly synthesis.<br />
* Rayack; Elton. ''Not So Free to Choose: The Political Economy of Milton Friedman and Ronald Reagan'' (1987) hostile critique [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=24670801 online edition] <br />
* Sahu, Anandi P. and Ronald L. Tracy; ''The Economic Legacy of the Reagan Years: Euphoria or Chaos?'' Praeger Publishers, 1991 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=59361760 online edition]<br />
* Salamon Lester M., and Michael S. Lund. eds. ''The Reagan Presidency and the Governing of America'' 1985. articles by political scientists<br />
* Schmertz, Eric J. et al. eds. ''Ronald Reagan's America'' 2 Volumes (1997) articles by scholars and officeholders [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=15343830 vol 1 online][http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=28729700 vol 2 online] <br />
* Shirley, Craig. ''Reagan's Revolution: The Untold Story of the Campaign That Started It All'' (2005) on 1976 campaign; [https://www.amazon.com/Reagans-Revolution-Untold-Campaign-Started/dp/0785260498/ref=pd_cp_b_1?pf_rd_p=413864201&pf_rd_s=center-41&pf_rd_t=201&pf_rd_i=0700614087&pf_rd_m=ATVPDKIKX0DER&pf_rd_r=0SWJK392VVCTPEDPDKJE excerpt and text search]<br />
* Weatherford, M. Stephen and Mcdonnell, Lorraine M. "Ronald Reagan as Legislative Advocate: Passing the Reagan Revolution's Budgets in 1981 and 1982." ''Congress & the Presidency'' (2005) 32:1 pp 1–29. Fulltext in Ebsco; Argues RR ignored the details but played a guiding role in setting major policies and adjudicating significant trade-offs, and in securing Congressional approval.<br />
<br />
===Foreign affairs===<br />
* Arnson, Cynthia J. ''Crossroads: Congress, the Reagan Administration, and Central America'' Pantheon, 1989. <br />
* Baucom Donald R. ''The Origins of SDI, 1944-1983.'' University Press of Kansas, 1992. <br />
* Bell Coral. ''The Reagan Paradox: American Foreign Policy in the 1980s.'' Rutgers University Press, 1989. <br />
* Beschloss Michael R., and Strobe Talbott. ''At the Highest Levels: The Inside Story of the End of the Cold War.'' 1993<br />
* Busch, Andrew E.; "Ronald Reagan and the Defeat of the Soviet Empire" in ''Presidential Studies Quarterly''. Vol: 27. Issue: 3. 1997. pp 451+. <br />
* Dobson, Alan P. "The Reagan Administration, Economic Warfare, and Starting to Close down the Cold War." ''Diplomatic History''(3): 531–556. Fulltext in SwetsWise, Ingenta and Ebsco. Argues Reagan's public rhetoric against the USSR was harsh and uncompromising, giving rise to the idea that his administration sought to employ a US defense buildup and NATO economic sanctions to bring about the collapse of the USSR. Yet many statements by Reagan and Shultz suggest they desired negotiation with the Soviets from a position of American strength, not the eventual demise of the USSR. <br />
* Draper, Theodore. '' A Very Thin Line: The Iran-Contra Affair'' (1991)<br />
* Fitzgerald, Frances. ''Way Out There in the Blue: Reagan, Star Wars and the End of the Cold War''. political history of S.D.I. (2000). ISBN.<br />
* Ford, Christopher A. and Rosenberg, David A. "The Naval Intelligence Underpinnings of Reagan's Maritime Strategy." ''Journal of Strategic Studies''(2): 379–409. Fulltext in Ingenta and Ebsco; Reagan's maritime strategy sought to apply US naval might against Soviet vulnerabilities on its maritime flanks. It was supported by a major buildup of US naval forces and aggressive exercising in seas proximate to the USSR; it explicitly targeted Moscow's strategic missile submarines with the aim of pressuring the Kremlin during crises or the early phases of global war. The maritime strategy represents one of the rare instances in history when intelligence helped lead a nation to completely revise its concept of military operations.<br />
* Garthoff, Raymond L. ''The Great Transition: American-Soviet Relations and the End of the Cold War'' (1994), detailed narrative by a hostile critic [http://www.questia.com/read/29069917?title=The%20Great%20Transition%3a%20American-Soviet%20Relations%20and%20the%20End%20of%20the%20Cold%20War online edition]<br />
* Haftendorn, Helga and Jakob Schissler, eds. ''The Reagan Administration: A Reconstruction of American Strength?'' Berlin: Walter de Guyer, 1988. by European scholars<br />
* Hall, David Locke. ''The Reagan Wars: A Constitutional Perspective on War Powers and the Presidency'' Westview Press, 1991 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=87551275 online edition]<br />
* [http://www.ccc.nps.navy.mil/si/2004/aug/knopfAUG04.asp Jeffrey W. Knopf, "Did Reagan Win the Cold War?"] ''Strategic Insights'', Volume III, Issue 8 (August 2004)<br />
* Kyvig, David. ed. ''Reagan and the World'' (1990), scholarly essays on foreign policy<br />
* Lagon, Mark P. ''The Reagan Doctrine: Sources of American Conduct in the Cold War's Last Chapter'' (1994) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=9161896 online edition]<br />
* LeoGrande, William M. ''Our Own Backyard: The United States in Central America, 1977-1992'' (1998)<br />
* Matlock, Jack. ''Reagan and Gorbachev: How the Cold War Ended.'' (2004) by the US ambassador to Moscow [https://www.amazon.com/Reagan-Gorbachev-How-Cold-Ended/dp/0679463232/ref=sr_1_2/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1194316986&sr=8-2 excerpt and text search]<br />
* Pach, Chester. "The Reagan Doctrine: Principle, Pragmatism, and Policy." ''Presidential Studies Quarterly'' 2006 36(1): 75–88. Issn: 0360-4918 [http://www.questia.com/read/5015817882?title=The%20Reagan%20Doctrine%3a%20Principle%2c%20Pragmatism%2c%20and%20Policy online edition]<br />
* Salla, Michael E. and Ralph Summy, eds. ''Why the Cold War Ended: A Range of Interpretations'' (1995). [http://www.questia.com/read/22889072 online edition]<br />
* Schmertz, Eric J. et al. eds. ''Ronald Reagan and the World'' (1997) articles by scholars and officeholders<br />
* Shultz, George P. ''Turmoil and Triumph My Years As Secretary of State'' (1993) <br />
* Schweizer, Peter. ''Reagan's War: The Epic Story of His Forty Year Struggle and Final Triumph Over Communism'' (2002)<br />
* Suri, Jeremi. "Explaining the End of the Cold War: A New Historical Consensus?" ''Journal of Cold War Studies'' - Volume 4, Number 4, Fall 2002, pp.&nbsp;60–92 in [[Project Muse]]<br />
* Thomas W. Walker; ''Reagan Versus the Sandinistas: The Undeclared War on Nicaragua'' (1987) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=65710540 online edition]<br />
* Wallison, Peter J. ''Ronald Reagan: The Power of Conviction and the Success of His Presidency.'' (2003). 282 pp. <br />
* Wapshott, Nicholas. '' Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher: a political marriage'' (2007) 336 pages [https://books.google.com/books?id=5HOuTL508F0C&printsec=frontcover&dq=intitle:reagan&lr=&as_drrb_is=b&as_minm_is=1&as_miny_is=2007&as_maxm_is=12&as_maxy_is=2009&num=30&as_brr=0&as_pt=ALLTYPES excerpt and text search]<br />
* Wills, David C. ''The First War on Terrorism: Counter-Terrorism Policy during the Reagan Administration.'' 2004. <br />
<br />
===Rhetoric, media and values===<br />
* Aden, R. C. "Entrapment and Escape: Inventional Metaphors in Ronald Reagan's Economic Rhetoric." ''Southern Communication Journal'' 54 (1989): 384-401 <br />
* Dallek, Robert. ''Ronald Reagan: The Politics of Symbolism.'' (1999) <br />
* Denton Jr., Robert E. ''Primetime Presidency of Ronald Reagan: The Era of the Television Presidency'' (1988) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=23088126 online edition]<br />
* Diggins, John Patrick. ''Ronald Reagan: Fate, Freedom, and the Making of History'' (2007) Reagan as follower of Emerson, by leading historian of ideas<br />
* Jane Feuer; Seeing through the Eighties: Television and Reaganism'' Duke University Press, 1995 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=98148093 online edition]<br />
* FitzWater, Marlin . ''Call the Briefing! Bush and Reagan, Sam and Helen, a Decade with Presidents and the Press''. 1995. Memoir by Reagan's press spokesman.<br />
* Goodnight, G. Thomas. "Ronald Reagan's Re-formulation of the Rhetoric of War: Analysis of the 'Zero Option,' 'Evil Empire,' and 'Star Wars' Addresses." ''Quarterly Journal of Speech'' 72 (1986): 390–414. <br />
* Greffenius, Steven. ''The Last Jeffersonian: Ronald Reagan's Dreams of America''. June, July, & August Books. 2002.<br />
* Hertsgaard, Mark. ''On Bended Knee: The Press and the Reagan Presidency'' 1988. criticizes the press<br />
* Hoeveler, J. David. ''Watch on the Right: Conservative Intellectuals in the Reagan Era.'' University of Wisconsin Press, 1991. <br />
* Houck, Davis, and Amos Kiewe, eds. ''Actor, Ideologue, Politician: The Public Speeches of Ronald Reagan'' (Greenwood Press, 1993) [http://www.questia.com/SM.qst?act=adv&contributors=Davis W. Houck&dcontributors=Davis+W.+Houck online edition]<br />
* Jones, John M. "'Until Next Week': The Saturday Radio Addresses of Ronald Reagan" ''Presidential Studies Quarterly.'' Volume: 32. Issue: 1. 2002. pp 84+. <br />
* Kengor, Paul. ''God and Ronald Reagan: A Spiritual Life'' Regan Books, 2004. ISBN.<br />
* Kiewe, Amos, and Davis W. Houck. ''A Shining City on a Hill: Ronald Reagan's Economic Rhetoric, 1951-1989.'' 1991. <br />
* Lewis, William F. "Telling America's Story: Narrative Form and the Reagan Presidency", ''Quarterly Journal of Speech'': 280–302<br />
* Longley, Kyle, Jeremy D. Mayer, Michael Schaller, and John W. Sloan. ''Deconstructing Reagan: Conservative Mythology and America’s Fortieth President,'' (M.E. Sharpe, 2007. xviii, 150 pp. isbn 978-0-7656-1591-6.)<br />
* Meyer, John C. "Ronald Reagan and Humor: A Politician's Velvet Weapon", ''Communication Studies'' 41 (1990): 76–88. <br />
* Moore, Mark P. "Reagan's Quest for Freedom in the 1987 State of the Union Address." ''Western Journal of Communication'' 53 (1989): 52–65. <br />
* Muir, William Ker. ''The Bully Pulpit: The Presidential Leadership of Ronald Reagan'' (1992), examines his speeches<br />
* Noonan, Peggy. ''When Character Was King: A Story of Ronald Reagan'' (2001) memoir by a Reagan speechwriter<br />
* Ormanm John. ''Comparing Presidential Behavior: Carter, Reagan, and the Macho Presidential Style'' Greenwood Press, 1987 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=15388519 online edition]<br />
* Ritter, Kurt W. ''Ronald Reagan: The Great Communicator.'' Greenwood, 1992. [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=29047567 online edition]<br />
* Shogan, Colleen J. "Coolidge and Reagan: The Rhetorical Influence of Silent Cal on the Great Communicator", ''Rhetoric & Public Affairs'' 9.2 online at Project Muse; argues that Coolidge and Reagan shared a common ideological message, which served as the basis for modern conservatism. Even without engaging in explicitly partisan rhetoric, Reagan's principled speech served an important party-building function. <br />
* Stuckey, Mary. ''Getting Into the Game: The Pre-Presidential Rhetoric of Ronald Reagan.'' Praeger, 1989 <br />
* Stuckey, Mary. ''Playing the Game: The Presidential Rhetoric of Ronald Reagan.'' Praeger, 1990. [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=24414026 online edition]<br />
* Thomas, Tony. ''The Films of Ronald Reagan'' (1980) <br />
* Troy, Gill. ''Morning in America: How Ronald Reagan Invented the 1980s'' (2004). Study of Reagan's image. <br />
* Michael Weiler and W. Barnett Pearce; ''Reagan and Public Discourse in America'' University of Alabama Press, 1992 [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=59353372 online edition] <br />
* Wills, Garry. ''Reagan's America: Innocents at Home''. (1987)<br />
<br />
===Primary sources===<br />
* [http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/publications/ERP/ Council of Economic Advisors, ''Economic Report of the President'' (annual 1947- )], complete series online; important analysis of current trends and policies, plus statistcial tables<br />
* Reagan Ronald, and Richard G. Hubler. ''Where's the Rest of Me?'' (1965). first autobiography<br />
* Reagan Ronald. ''An American Life.'' (1990). second autobiography [https://www.amazon.com/American-Life-Ronald-Reagan/dp/0743400259/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1194317128&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]<br />
* Reagan Ronald. ''The Creative Society: Some Comments on Problems Facing America.'' 1968. <br />
* Reagan Ronald. ''Abortion and the Conscience of the Nation.'' 1984. <br />
* Reagan Ronald. ''Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Ronald Reagan. 1981-1989.'' 8 vols. Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1982–91. <br />
* Reagan, Ronald. ''[[Reagan, In His Own Hand]]: The Writings of Ronald Reagan That Reveal His Revolutionary Vision for America'' (2001) [https://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/0743219384/ref=sib_dp_pt/103-4827826-5463040#reader-link excerpt and text search]<br />
* Reagan, Ronald. ''The Reagan Diaries: Extended Selections'' ed. by Douglas Brinkley (2007) <br />
* Skinner, Kiron K. et al., eds. ''Reagan's Path to Victory: The Shaping of Ronald Reagan's Vision: Selected Writings'' (2004), 450 radio talks from late 1970s<br />
<br />
====Primary sources by Reagan associates====<br />
* Anderson, Martin. ''Revolution: The Reagan Legacy'' (1990) <br />
* Haig, Alexander. ''Inner Circles: How America Changed the World'' (1994). Haig was Secretary of State 1981-82<br />
* Deaver, Michael, and Mickey Herskowitz. ''Behind the Scenes''. 1987. Memoir by a top aide.<br />
* Meese Edwin. ''With Reagan: The Inside Story.'' Regnery Gateway, 1992. <br />
* Niskanen William A. ''Reaganomics: An Insider's Account of the Policies and the People.'' Oxford University Press, 1988.<br />
* Reagan, Nancy. ''My Turn: The Memoirs of Nancy Reagan'' (1989)<br />
* Reagan Maureen. ''First Father, First Daughter: A Memoir.'' 1989. <br />
* Reagan Michael and Joe Hyams. ''On the Outside Looking In.'' 1988. <br />
* Regan Donald T. ''For the Record. From Wall Street to Washington.'' 1988; Treasury Secretary and Chief of Staff<br />
* Shultz, George P. ''Turmoil and Triumph My Years As Secretary of State'' (1993) Schulz was Secretary of State 1982-89<br />
* Stahl, Lesley. "Reporting Live" (1999) memoir by TV news reporter<br />
* Stockman David A. ''The Triumph of Politics: How the Reagan Revolution Failed.'' 1986. Stockman was Budget Director in 1981-82<br />
* Thompson Kenneth W., ed. ''Foreign Policy in the Reagan Presidency: Nine Intimate Perspectives.'' University Press of America, 1993. <br />
* Thompson Kenneth W., ed. ''Leadership in the Reagan Presidency: Seven Intimate Perspectives.'' 1992. <br />
* Thompson Kenneth W., ed. ''Leadership in the Reagan Presidency, Part II: Eleven Intimate Perspectives.'' University Press of America, 1993. <br />
* Weinberger, Caspar. ''In the Arena: A Memoir of the 20th Century'' (1991), by the Defense Secretary<br />
<br />
===Government documents===<br />
* Council of Economic Advisors. ''Economic Report of the President,'' (annual, 1981-1988), detailed analysis of economic issues<br />
* U.S. Census Bureau, ''Statistical Abstract of the United States'' annual compilation of over 1000 tables of data.<br />
<br />
===Other===<br />
* [https://rumble.com/vvlah0-ronald-reagan-the-great-communicator.html Ronald Reagan: The Great Communicator] | [[PragerU]] | [[Rumble|Rumble.com]]<br />
* Schweikart, Larry, ''[https://www.amazon.com/Reagan-American-President-Larry-Schweikart/dp/1642930822/ Reagan: The American President]'' (2019; [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2019/05/07/ronald-reagan-larry-schweikart/ review]).<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
<br />
*[https://www.hoover.org/research/how-great-was-ronald-reagan How Great Was Ronald Reagan?], [[Hoover Institution]]<br />
*[https://reaganlibrary.archives.gov/archives/photographs/history.html Historical Photographs], from the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library and Museum<br />
*[https://reaganlibrary.gov/major-speeches-index Ronald Reagan's Major Speeches, 1964-89]<br />
*[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1101040614-646317,00.html Time Magazine Article on ''The All-American President'']<br />
*[https://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/rr40.html White House Official Page]<br />
*[http://www.simonsays.com/content/book.cfm?tab=1&pid=537924&agid=2 The Passing of a Conservative] - by Alfred Regnery<br />
*[http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/ Reagan's Presidential Library]<br />
*[http://imdb.com/name/nm0001654/ Actor Bio At IMDB]<br />
*[http://www.ronaldreaganmemorial.com/ Official Memorial]<br />
*[http://www.quotationspage.com/quotes/Ronald_Reagan Quotations by Ronald Reagan]<br />
*[http://reagan2020.us/ Reagan 2020] Reagan 2020 is the Internet's most comprehensive resource on Ronald Reagan.<br />
*[http://www.acuf.org/principles/p_philos.asp "Our Philosophy of Government"] Speech by President Ronald Reagan, March 2, 1981<br />
*[https://www.nationalreview.com/article/211049/abortion-and-conscience-nation-nro-primary-document Abortion and the Conscience of the Nation] While president, Ronald Reagan penned this article for The Human Life Review, unsolicited.<br />
* [https://librivox.org/author/11305 Works by Ronald Reagan - text and free audio] - [[LibriVox]]<br />
*[http://davekopel.org/Misc/OpEds/Ronald-Reagan-extremist-collaborator.html Ronald Reagan, Extremist Collaborator], by Dave Kopel<br />
*Hawkins, Awr (April 25, 2017). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2017/04/25/ronald-reagan-seek-inflict-harm-not-fazed-gun-control-laws/ Ronald Reagan: ‘Those Who Seek to Inflict Harm Are Not Fazed by Gun Control Laws’]. ''Breitbart News''.<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Reagan, Ronald Wilson}}<br />
{{USPresidents}}<br />
{{Conservatism}}<br />
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[[Category:Best Conservative Politicians]]</div>Reaganisawsomehttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Danny_Aiello&diff=1995489Danny Aiello2023-10-17T23:32:46Z<p>Reaganisawsome: /* Political views */ minor edit</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox person<br />
|name=Danny Aiello<br />
|fullname=Daniel Louis Aiello, Jr.<br />
|birth_date=June 20, 1933<br />
|death_date=December 12, 2019<br />
|birth_place=Manhattan, [[New York]]<br />
|death_place=[[New Jersey]]<br />
|party=[[Democrat]] (unknown-1998 or 1999)<br/>[[Republican]] (1998 or 1999-until his death)<br />
|religion=Catholic<br />
|spouse=Sandy Cohen (m.1955-his death)}}<br />
'''Danny Aiello''' (June 20, 1933 - December 12, 2019) was a famous American actor who is best known for starring in many films including ''The Godfather Part II'' (1974), ''Moonstruck'' (1987), ''Jacob's Ladder'' (1990) and ''Do the Right Thing'' (1989) which earned him an Oscar nomination for Best Supporting Actor.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Before acting, Danny did a variety of jobs including serving in the Army at 16, served as President of the New York Transit Union and worked various odd jobs before making his acting debut in the 1973 film ''Bang the Drum Slowly''.<br />
<br />
==Political views==<br />
At one time Danny supported the Democratic Party and Bill Clinton. However, as years came and went, Aiello decided to stop supporting Bill Clinton and other Democrats following the Monica Lewinsky scandal. Aiello stated, "I turned in my card to become a Republican because I did not want to be known as a Democrat under that person's regime. I'm a traditionalist. I have certain values that I live by, and he (referring to Bill Clinton) practices none of those things."<br />
<br />
==Quotes==<br />
"My entire family were Democrats all our lives. But because how furious I was about the previous administration, I turned in my card to become a Republican. I did not want to be known as a Democrat under that person's [referring to Bill Clinton] regime."<br />
<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000732 Danny Aiello's IMDb page]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Conservatism]]<br />
[[Category:Conservatives]]<br />
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[[Category:Catholics]]<br />
[[Category:New Jersey Republicans]]<br />
[[Category:Hollywood Conservatives]]</div>Reaganisawsomehttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Jimmy_Carter&diff=1991881Jimmy Carter2023-10-08T16:11:23Z<p>Reaganisawsome: Minor edit</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Officeholder<br />
|name=Jimmy Carter<br />
|image=Jimmy Carter.jpg<br />
|party=[[Democrat]]<br />
|spouse=[[Rosalynn Carter]]<br />
|religion=[[Baptist]]<br />
|offices=<br />
{{Officeholder/president<br />
|country=the United States<br />
|number=39th<br />
|terms=January 20, 1977 – January 20, 1981<br />
|vp=[[Walter Mondale]]<br />
|preceded=[[Gerald Ford]]<br />
|former=y<br />
|succeeded=[[Ronald Reagan]]<br />
}}<br />
{{Officeholder/governor<br />
|number=76th<br />
|state=Georgia<br />
|lieutenant=[[Lester Maddox]]<br />
|terms=January 12, 1971 – January 14, 1975<br />
|preceded=[[Lester Maddox]]<br />
|former=y<br />
|succeeded=[[George Busbee]]<br />
}}<br />
{{Officeholder/state senator<br />
|state=Georgia<br />
|district=14th<br />
|terms=January 14, 1963 – January 10, 1967<br />
|preceded=''(none, district established)<br />
|former=y<br />
|succeeded=Hugo Carter<br />
}}<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Jimmy Carter''' (born James Earl Carter, Jr., on October 1, 1924, age 99) was the 39th [[President of the United States of America]], defeating [[Republican Party|Republican]] nominee [[Gerald Ford]] in 1976. A relatively unknown, Carter finished second in the crowded [[Iowa Caucus]]es behind "Undecided" and was declared the "winner" by the [[liberal media]] in search of a new [[Democrat]] [[messiah]]. With Americans robbed by [[inflation]] and [[unemployment]] by ending the [[Vietnam]] era draft, Carter promised a return to 'honesty' in politics. Promoted by [[Trilateral Commission|Trilateralist]]s, Carter resurrected the [[New Deal Coalition]] of the [[Solid South]] and Northern [[liberal]]s, putting to bed the myth of a Nixonian [[Southern Strategy]].<br />
<br />
Carter served from 1977 to 1981, after being a one-term [[Governor]] of [[Georgia]] from. At that time, the Georgia Constitution did not permit the governor to succeed himself. After a failed presidency marked by disasters in the economy and foreign affairs, and ineffective leadership, Carter was defeated in a landslide for re-election in 1980 by [[Ronald Reagan]], the former governor of [[California]], as the nation moved sharply more [[conservative]] but only temporarily.<br />
<br />
Despite claiming to be [[pro-life]],<ref>claiming to be "born again". ''The Presidents'' by Richard Kirkendall, pg. 552</ref> Carter spent much of his time as president pushing unsuccessfully for ratification of the [[Equal Rights Amendment]], which would have given federal courts ''carte blanche'' to impose taxpayer-funded [[abortion]]. In an interview with the ''Huffington Post'' in July 2018, Carter claimed that Jesus would approve of homosexual "marriage" and certain abortions.<ref>Williams, Thomas D. (July 9, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/07/09/jimmy-carter-jesus-would-approve-of-gay-marriage-some-abortions/ Jimmy Carter: Jesus Would ‘Approve’ of Gay Marriage, Some Abortions]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 9, 2018.</ref><ref>Chasmar, Jessica (July 9, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/jul/9/jimmy-carter-i-believe-that-jesus-would-approve-of/ Jimmy Carter: 'I believe that Jesus would approve of gay marriage,' some abortions]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved July 9, 2018.</ref><ref>Bohon, Dave (July 12, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/culture/faith-and-morals/item/29516-jimmy-carter-sounds-off-on-jesus-gay-marriage-abortion Jimmy Carter Sounds Off on Jesus, Gay Marriage, Abortion]. ''The New American''. Retrieved July 12, 2018.</ref><br />
<br />
There was no opportunity during his term to appoint anyone to the [[U.S. Supreme Court]], but Carter did [[court packing|pack]] the [[Ninth Circuit]] after 10 new judgeships were added there by the [[Democrat]]-controlled [[Congress]]. Including his total of 15 appointments to that Circuit, which has kept it [[liberal]] for more than 40 years, Carter appointed more federal judges in a single term than any other president prior to [[President Trump]].<ref>https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2020/10/20/trump-federal-judges/</ref><br />
<br />
In an October 2000 survey of 132 prominent professors of history, law, and political science, Carter's presidency was rated in the "Below Average" group; he ranked 30th, with a mean score of 2.47 out of 5.00.<ref>''Presidential Leadership: Rating the Best and the Worst in the White House'' (Wall Street Journal Book, 2004)</ref> This survey, sponsored by the ''Wall Street Journal'' and the conservative Federalist Society, ranked Carter ahead of Richard Nixon, and below George H.W. Bush.<br />
<br />
Carter was unusually active as an ex-president, serving as an election monitor throughout the world, working with [[Habitat for Humanity]] both as its most famous spokesperson and as an actual house builder, and as a self-proclaimed "peace advocate", was awarded the [[Nobel Prize|Nobel Peace Prize]]. CBS News reported that Carter considered himself "superior" to other living ex-presidents.<ref>[https://www.cbsnews.com/8301-503544_162-20017049-503544.html Jimmy Carter: I'm A Superior Ex-President], [[CBS]].com , September 20, 2010.</ref><ref>[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/32895021/ns/politics-cq_politics/ Obama, Racism, and Jimy Carter,] By Jeff Stein, CQ Politics, 9/17/2009.</ref><ref>[http://www.publiceye.org/magazine/v09n1/eugenics.html The Roots of the I.Q. Debate, Eugenics and Social Control], By Margaret Quigley, [[Political Research Associates]].<br />
</ref> His criticisms of Israel have been considered [[anti-Semitic]] and despicable.<br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Carter was born and raised on his father's farm in Georgia. He entered the Naval Academy at [[Annapolis]] and graduated from there in 1946. Shortly afterwards, on July 7, he married Rosalynn Smith. Carter worked in submarines, attaining the rank of [[lieutenant]], until he resigned in 1953. He became a peanut farmer afterwards.<ref>Encyclopedia of Presidents, Jimmy Carter, by Linda R. Wade, Children's Press, Chicago, 1989, pp. 11-33.</ref> Carter entered politics by running for the Georgia State Senate. He almost lost a close race against Homer Moore, but Carter beat him in the final tally.<br />
<br />
==Governor of Georgia==<br />
[[File:Carter and Maddox (cropped).PNG|left|300px|thumb|Jimmy Carter and [[Lester Maddox]].]]<br />
[[File:LesterMaddox.jpg|right|300px|thumb|"Lester Maddox (pointing gun) and his son (waving axe handle) try to prevent Black protester from entering his Pickrick restaurant, this week 1964—Maddox was elected Governor of Georgia 1966" - Historian Michael Beschloss.<ref>https://twitter.com/BeschlossDC/status/1278395843322789889</ref>]]<br />
In 1966 Carter unsuccessfully sought the Democrat nomination for [[Governor]] of Georgia. This failure significantly affected Carter personally as the story goes by influencing him to turn to a belief in [[extraterrestrial life]] and space aliens for comfort. Carter did succeed in his second bid for Governor in 1970. [[Racism]] was a major factor in his campaign, in which he criticized his primary challenger Carl Sanders for paying tribute to [[Martin Luther King, Jr.]], in an effort to depress Sanders's white vote. Carter said "I have no trouble pitching for [[George Wallace|[George] Wallace]] votes and black votes at the same time, I can win this election without a single black vote." Wallace was the [[Alabama]] Democrat governor who ran for president in 1968 and famous for saying, "Segregation today, segregation tomorrow, segregation forever." <br />
<br />
Upon receiving the endorsement of former Democratic Gov. [[Lester Maddox]] who defeated him in the 1966 primary, Carter responded by praising the life-long segregationist: "He has brought a standard of forthright expression and personal honesty to the governor's office, and I hope to live up to his standard." <ref>https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/opinion/blogs/beltway-confidential/Jimmy-Carters-racist-campaign-of-1970-59499482.html</ref> Maddox came to national attention by chasing blacks out of his restaurant with baseball bats or a pistol.<br />
<br />
Carter was elected governor, with almost no [[African American]] support. For the next four years he presided over state affairs. He presented himself as a [[populist]], the representative of the people as opposed to special interests. Carter emphasized [[welfare]] reform, [[education]]al advance and budget reform. Once [[pro-life]], he [[abortion betrayal|changed his position]] and supported the legalization of [[abortion]] and worked to replace [[capital punishment]] in Georgia with life in prison. In 1974, the Georgia Constitution prohibited the Governor from seeking a consecutive term, and Carter was succeeded by Joe Frank Harris. The Georgia Constitution was amended in 1976 to permit the Governor to serve two consecutive terms, and Harris was re-elected in 1978. Later in life Jimmy Carter declared himself to be against abortion.<br />
<br />
==1976 Presidential Campaign==<br />
{{Main|United States presidential election, 1976}}<br />
[[Image:Carter Sighting Report 2.gif|thumb|300px|right|Carter was able to prove he was not nuts and believed in UFOs by filing an official report.]] <br />
Carter was groomed well before his single term as Governor ended to run for the Presidency in 1976. His campaign, which began in early 1975, exploited popular mistrust of Washington after the disastrous end of American involvement in the [[Vietnam war]] in 1975. He campaigned on a call for [[change]]. After running second in the [[Iowa Caucuses]] to "Undecided", which finished first, the mainstream [[fake news]] media proclaimed him the "winner" and as a charismatic figure who would transform the country. <br />
<br />
Carter went on to defeat [[George Wallace]] in the southern primaries and established himself as a Democrat who could win the south with white votes, which [[George McGovern]] had failed to do in 1972. Democrat historians and propagandists claim he won the southern primaries because of his "inspiring and well organized campaign."<ref>The American Vision, pg. 966</ref> Running against President [[Gerald Ford]] in the general election, Carter had little experience in national politics, however he posed as an outsider and promised to restore honesty and morality to [[government]]. On election day, Carter edged out Ford with 50 percent of the vote to 48 percent, with some controversial voter shenanigans in [[Ohio]].<br />
<br />
Carter's running mate, [[Walter Mondale]], and his wife Rosalind, met with the psychotic [[mass murder]]er and [[progressive]] leader, the [[Rev. Jim Jones]] during the campaign to help carry the state of [[California]].<ref>When Deputy Minister Ptolemy Reid traveled to Washington, D.C. in September 1977 to sign the Panama Canal Treaties, Mondale asked him, "How's Jim?", which indicated to Reid that Mondale had a personal interest in Jones' well being, p. 173.<br>Moore, Rebecca. [http://jonestown.sdsu.edu/?page_id=16581 ''American as Cherry Pie''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141029130010/http://jonestown.sdsu.edu/?page_id=16581 |date=October 29, 2014 }}, Jonestown Institute, San Diego State University</ref> Jones was one of the few people invited aboard his chartered jet for a private visit. Mondale stated regarding the [[Peoples Temple]] that "knowing the congregations deep involvement in the major social and constitutional issues of our country . . . is a great inspiration to me."<ref>"First Lady Among Cult's References" {{cite news|work=Los Angeles Times |title=First Lady Among Cult's References; Mondale and Califano also listed |date= November 21, 1978}}</ref> Jones later was responsible for the deaths of over 900 [[African American]]s before Carter's term ended, the worst mass killing in American history prior to the [[9/11 attacks]].<br />
<br />
[[Rosalynn Carter]] called Jones at candidate Jimmy Carter's behest. She held a private dinner with him and had the Peoples Temple leader introduce her at the 1976 grand opening of the San Francisco Democratic Party Headquarters. Jones dined with Rosalynn Carter at the head table at the Democratic National Convention.<ref>Layton, Deborah. ''Seductive Poison''. Anchor, 1999. ISBN|978-0-385-48984-. p. 53.</ref><br />
<br />
===UFO conspiracy theorist===<br />
<br />
Carter reported seeing an unidentified flying object [[UFO]] in 1969. He later recalled, "A light appeared and disappeared in the sky . . . I think the light was beckoning me to run in the California primary." <ref>[http://www.presidentialufo.com/jimmy.htm Jimmy Carter UFO]</ref> Astronomers generally concur that he actually saw the planet Venus.<ref>Val Morgan, et al. '''Rumor''' (1984).</ref><br />
<br />
==Presidency (1977-1981)==<br />
<br />
On taking office Carter proposed radical energy programs, redistributive tax reform, public campaign financing, a consumer protection agency (that Ralph Nader had long championed), labor law reform, and enactment of the [[Equal Rights Amendment]]. He fought with fellow Democrats in [[Congress]] and achieved little or nothing. Meanwhile, "[[stagflation]]" hit the economy hard, as energy shortages, slow growth, escalating inflation and very high interest rates sapped the economy.<br />
<br />
It was worse in foreign affairs. Carter did broker a temporary peace in the Middle East, but was forced to abandon détente when the Russians began to exploit American weaknesses around the globe. Carter was forced to restart the [[Cold War]] when the Soviets invaded Afghanistan in 1979, but his belated actions validated the complaints of conservatives that he offered too little too late. Meanwhile, the nation was humiliated in [[Iran]], where militants held American diplomats captive for 444 days, while Carter proved helpless.<br />
<br />
Carter was elected by campaigning on the [[Misery Index]] - adding the [[inflation]] rate and [[unemployment]] rate together, which stood at 13.4%. By 1980 the Misery index stood at 21%. By 1992, after "twelve years of neglect" as [[Bill Clinton]] called it, the Misery Index stood at 9.2%.<br />
<br />
===Carter administration===<br />
[[File:Biden racial jungle.jpeg|right|300px|thumb|Desgreratation and busing remained a powerful issue among Democrat voters during the Carter administration. The removal of President's Nixon and Ford and full control of the Congress presented an opportunity for the Democrats to take country backwards in the area of [[civil rights]].<ref name="politico.com">https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2015/08/joe-biden-integration-school-busing-120968_full.html</ref>]]<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Office<br />
! Name<br />
! Term<br />
|-<br />
| [[President]]<br />
| Jimmy Carter<br />
| 1977-1981<br />
|-<br />
| [[Vice President of the United States of America|Vice President]]<br />
| [[Walter Mondale]]<br />
| 1977-1981<br />
|-<br />
| [[Secretary of State]]<br />
| [[Cyrus Vance, Sr.]]<br />
| 1977-1980<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
| [[Edmund Muskie]]<br />
| 1980-1981<br />
|-<br />
| [[Secretary of Treasury]]<br />
| [[W. Michael Blumenthal]]<br />
| 1977-1979<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
| [[G. William Miller]]<br />
| 1979-1981<br />
|-<br />
| [[Secretary of Defense]]<br />
| [[Harold Brown]]<br />
| 1977-1981<br />
|-<br />
| [[Attorney General]]<br />
| [[Griffin Bell]]<br />
| 1977-1979<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
| [[Benjamin R. Civiletti]]<br />
| 1979-1981<br />
|-<br />
| [[Secretary of the Interior]]<br />
| [[Cecil Andrus]]<br />
| 1977-1981<br />
|-<br />
| [[Secretary of Commerce]]<br />
| [[Juanita M. Kreps]]<br />
| 1977-1979<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
| [[Philip M. Klutznick]]<br />
| 1979-1981<br />
|-<br />
| [[Secretary of Labor]]<br />
| [[Ray Marshall]]<br />
| 1977-1981<br />
|-<br />
| [[Secretary of Agriculture]]<br />
| [[Robert Bergland]]<br />
| 1977–1981<br />
|-<br />
| [[Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare]]<br />
| [[Joseph A. Califano, Jr.]]<br />
| 1977-1979<br />
|-<br />
| [[Secretary of Health and Human Services]]<br />
| [[Patricia R. Harris]]<br />
| 1979-1981<br />
|-<br />
| [[Secretary of Education]]<br />
| [[Shirley M. Hufstedler]]<br />
| 1977-1981<br />
|-<br />
| [[Secretary of Housing and Urban Development]]<br />
| [[Patricia R. Harris]]<br />
| 1977-1979<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
| [[Maurice Landrieu]]<br />
| 1979-1981<br />
|-<br />
| [[Secretary of Transportation]]<br />
| [[Brock Adams]]<br />
| 1977-1979<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
| [[Neil E. Goldschmidt]]<br />
| 1979-1981<br />
|-<br />
| [[Secretary of Energy]]<br />
| [[James R. Schlesinger]]<br />
| 1977–1979<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
| [[Charles W. Duncan]]<br />
| 1979-1981<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Civil rights and homosexual activism===<br />
{|class="infobox" style="float:right; font-size:85%; width:1ex; line-height:17px; margin: 0px 0px 5px 50px" cellpadding="1"<br />
|[[File:Rosalynn Carter and John Wayne Gacey.jpg|198px]]<br />
|[[File:Rosaynn Carter and Jim Jones.PNG|250px]]<br />
|-<br />
|colspan="3"|<hr/>As First Lady, Rosalynn Carter was a prolific fundraiser. Here she appears with other notable Democrats (left) [[John Wayne Gacey]] and (right) the Rev. [[Jim Jones]].<br />
|}<br />
{{See also|History of Democrat racism|Progressivism|San Francisco values|Peoples Temple Agricultural Collective|Jonestown Massacre}}<br />
Carter signed a bill sponsored by the [[Exalted Cyclops]], Democrat Sen. [[Robert Byrd]] (D-W.Va.)<ref>Klansman take an oath; once a Klansman always a Klansman.</ref> and Sen. [[Joe Biden]] (D-Del.). Byrd held the floor for more than 14 hours in a filibuster against the [[bi-partisan]] [[1964 Civil Rights Act]] and Biden sponsored an Amendment in 1975 to repeal sections of the 1964 Act. Byrd's amendment prohibited the use of federal funds to transport students beyond the school closest to their homes. Biden co-sponsored a measure that further restricted the federal government from desegregating city and suburban schools with redistricting measures like school clustering and pairing. This measure won the approval of a majority of Senate Democrats..<ref>https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2019/05/05/joe-biden-busing-problem-226791</ref><br />
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Prof. Ronnie Dunn said opposition to busing was motivated by [[racism]].<ref>https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/politics/joe-biden-embraced-segregation-in-1975-claiming-it-was-a-matter-of-black-pride</ref> Biden's opposition to integration didn't stop there. ''HuffPo'' reported: <br />
[[File:Carter_Biden.PNG|left|300px|thumb|Jimmy Carter and Joe Biden]]<br />
{{quotebox-float|In 1977, two black men nominated for key Justice Department posts by President Jimmy Carter easily won approval from the Senate Judiciary Committee. After confirmation by the full Senate, Drew Days III became the nation’s first black head of the department’s civil rights division and Wade McCree became the second black solicitor general. Only one member of the committee voted against them. It wasn’t segregationists [[Strom Thurmond]] (R-S.C.) or [[James Eastland]] (D-Miss.). It wasn’t even former [[Ku Klux Klan]] member [[Robert Byrd]] (D-W.Va.). The lone Judiciary Committee vote against the two men was Sen. Joe Biden (D-Del.).<ref>https://www.huffpost.com/entry/joe-biden-busing-nominees_n_5ca3c03de4b03174b92904f7</ref>}}<br />
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As First Lady, Rosalynn Carter was a prolific fundraiser, including making appearances with [[homosexual]] [[serial killer]] John Wayne Gacey<ref>https://interestingfactsworld.com/rosalynn-carter-facts.html</ref> and the [[mass murder]]er of over 900 [[African Americans]], Jim Jones.<ref>https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/opinion/op-eds/how-san-franciscos-democrats-made-jim-jones-and-then-made-his-memory-vanish</ref><br />
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[[Willie Brown]], later mayor of [[San Francisco]] and [[Kamala Harris]]'s mentor, compared [[Jim Jones]] to [[Martin Luther King]] and [[Mahatma Gandhi]]. Brown endorsed Jones as “a close personal friend and a highly trusted brother in the [[National liberation struggle|struggle for liberation]]."<ref>https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/opinion/op-eds/how-san-franciscos-democrats-made-jim-jones-and-then-made-his-memory-vanish</ref> [[Dianne Feinstein]] joined the rest of the San Francisco board of supervisors in honoring Jones “in recognition of his guidance and inspiration” in furthering “humanitarian programs.” Gov. [[Jerry Brown]] spoke at the [[People's Temple]]. At its peak, the Temple boasted 20,000 members.<br />
[[File:Jim Jones and the Democrat party.jpg|right|400px|thumb]]<br />
Jones wrote to Jimmy Carter requesting aid for [[Fidel Castro]], whom Jones had earlier met with in [[Cuba]].<ref>Reiterman, Tim, and John Jacobs. ''Raven (book)|Raven: The Untold Story of Rev. Jim Jones and His People''. Dutton, 1982. ISBN|978-0-525-24136-2. page 305.</ref> In a handwritten letter to Jones on White House stationery, the [[First Lady]] wrote "Your comments on Cuba have been helpful. I hope your suggestion can be acted on in the near future." Carter also wrote that "I enjoyed being with you during the campaign -- and do hope you can meet Ruth soon", referring to her sister-in-law, Ruth Carter Stapleton.<ref>LA Times November 21, 1978</ref> Mondale stated regarding the Temple that "knowing the congregations deep involvement in the major social and constitutional issues of our country . . . is a great inspiration to me."<ref>"First Lady Among Cult's References" {{cite news|work=Los Angeles Times |title=First Lady Among Cult's References; Mondale and Califano also listed |date= November 21, 1978}}</ref> [[Health and Human Services]] Secretary Joseph Califano stated "your humanitarian principles and your interest in protecting individual liberty and freedom have made an outstanding contribution to furthering the cause of human dignity." President Carter sent a representative to a dinner at the Temple at which Jones and Gov. Jerry Brown spoke.<ref>Mehren, Elizabeth, "Politicians Defend Associations With Jones", Oakland Tribune, November 21, 1978</ref><br />
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As reports seeped back of people who wanted to leave the Peoples Temple in Guyana, [[Harvey Milk]] – the first openly gay elected official who was endorsed by the Peoples Temple for San Francisco city councilman – wrote a letter to President Carter defending Rev. Jones "as a man of the highest character," and stating that Temple defectors were trying to "damage Rev. Jones' reputation" with "apparent bold-faced lies".<ref>Milk, Harvey [http://www.brasscheck.com/jonestown/milk.jpg ''Letter Addressed to President Jimmy Carter, Dated February 19, 1978''] {{Webarchive|url=https://www.webcitation.org/5vybbC0i4?url=http://www.brasscheck.com/jonestown/milk.jpg |date=January 24, 2011 }}</ref> The Temple claimed that "reactionary forces were trying to destroy his [Jones] image because he is the most persistent [[Social justice warrior|fighter for social justice]].<ref>Peoples Temple, [http://jonestown.sdsu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/3VictimConspirBrochure.pdf ''Victims of Conspiracy Brochure''], Jonestown Alternative Considerations, San Diego State University {{cite web |url=http://jonestown.sdsu.edu/AboutJonestown/JTResearch/opposition/3VictimConspirBrochure.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2019-01-31 |deadurl=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5vybVUjVl?url=http://jonestown.sdsu.edu/AboutJonestown/JTResearch/opposition/3VictimConspirBrochure.pdf |archivedate=|df= }}</ref><br />
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=== Economy and budget ===<br />
[[File:Inflation-70s.png|left|400px|thumb|''Source: The forgotten recession that irrevocably damaged the American economy.''<ref>''[https://archive.is/wip/06Yyd The forgotten recession that irrevocably damaged the American economy], Jeff Spross, ''The Week,'' April 18, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160420220408/https://theweek.com/articles/618964/forgotten-recession-that-irrevocably-damaged-american-economy</ref>]]<br />
Carter increased government spending. However, when [[inflation]] skyrocketed in 1978 he changed his mind. He delayed tax cuts and vetoed the spending programs that he himself proposed to the [[Congress]]. Carter then tried to ease inflation by reducing [[money]] supply and raising [[interest rates]]. All of his efforts proved to be unsuccessful. Inflation and interest rates soon reached their highest levels since [[World War II]].<br />
[[Image:Decline1978.jpg|thumb|290px|right|Americans feared they were losing influence and power under the Carter administration, as this magazine cover shows, Nov. 1978]]<br />
Increases in the [[Consumer Price Index]] (CPI) reached double digits. Carter launched a time-honored tried-and-failed Wage-Price Guidelines program in which businesses could not increase prices or wages above a certain percentage or the company would be prohibited from doing business with the federal government. A company also could find itself on the prohibited list if it earned profits higher than the percentage recommended by the government. The Carter administration employed the [[marxist]] argument that higher profits are responsible for higher prices so that if a company made lower profits, its prices would be lower, too.<br />
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The rapid change in interest rates sowed the seeds of the Savings and Loan crisis (See [[Madison Guaranty Savings]]). Investments in fixed income were becoming less valuable. Holders of both bonds, and pensions being paid to retired people had their life savings wiped out. The stagnant growth of the economy (causing unemployment), in combination with a high rate of inflation, has often been called stagflation, an unprecedented situation in American economics. By 1979, public opinion polls had Carter's popularity lower than [[Richard Nixon]]'s during Watergate. Carter instructed the Federal Reserve printing presses to go pedal-to-the-metal, worsening inflationary effects, in a failed effort to stage a short-lived election year recovery and delaying a double-dip [[recession]] until after Inauguration Day, 1981.<br />
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=== Energy crisis ===<br />
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Carter proposed a national energy program to conserve [[oil]] and promote the use of coal and renewable energy sources. He also persuaded Congress to create the Department of Energy, and asked Americans to personally reduce their energy consumption. Although oil companies were insisting on deregulation of the energy industry, Carter advocated a "windfall profits tax" to prevent oil companies from overcharging consumers. Carter's plan did not solve the country's energy crisis. In the summer of 1979 a major oil shortage in the [[United States]] took place because of instability in the middle east. After increasing pressure to act, Carter gave several televised address' where he complained that there was a "crisis of confidence that had struck at the very heart and soul of our national will." Although Carter meant the speech to be a timely warning, many Americans interpreted it as President Carter blaming the public for his failures. Critics dubbed it Carter's "[[malaise|malaise speech.]]"<br />
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=== Foreign policy ===<br />
{{See also|Carter Doctrine}}<br />
[[File:Brzezinski Taliban.jpg|right|300px|thumb|Rabid [[Russophobe]] Zbigniew Brzezinski meets with the [[Mujahideen]] [[Taliban]], 1979.<ref>https://youtu.be/kYvO3qAlyTg</ref>]]<br />
Rather than address the enslavement of the Russian people to [[CPSU|Soviet Communism]], Carter appointed the notorious [[Polish]] [[Russophobe]] [[Zbigniew Brzezinski]] as his [[National Security Adviser]] to forge an anti-Russian, rather than anti-Communist, [[foreign policy]].<br />
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In contrast to Carter's economic policies which were uncertain and left the public confused, his foreign policy was more clearly defined, although foreign policy is where Jimmy Carter suffered his worst defeats. In his inaugural speech he stated that "our commitment to human rights must be absolute." He singled out the [[Soviet Union]] as a violator of human rights and strongly condemned the country for arresting its citizens for political protests. However, he was criticized for not doing enough to promote his proclaimed human rights foreign policy stance in his administration, such as continuing to support the Indonesian government even while it was implicated in the commission of acts of genocide in the occupation of [[East Timor]]. <br />
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Carter also tried to remove the U.S. image of interventionism by giving Panamanians control of the [[Panama Canal]]. Over conservative opposition he did so—but Panama fell into the hands of a dictator who threatened Americans and had to be overthrown by an American invasion in 1989. <br />
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Détente with the Soviet Union collapsed when Soviet troops invaded [[Afghanistan]] in December 1979. President Carter responded by imposing an [[embargo]] on the sale of grain to the Soviet Union, humiliating Moscow by orchestrating a western boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympic Games in Moscow, and start funding and arming the anti-Soviet forces inside Afghanistan. The policy of détente that was established by President Nixon was over and the "Second Cold War" began.<br />
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In 1976, [[Ted Kennedy|Edward "Ted" Kennedy]] presented before the U.S. Senate a bill known as the [[Kennedy Amendment]] to modify the Foreign Military Assistance Act in order to exclude Chile from the military aid that his country provided to the Latin American republics that had signed the Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance (TIAR). He was in opposition to President [[Augusto Pinochet Ugarte]] who was leading the [[Military Government (Chile)|Military Government]]. The restrictions were approved and supported by the administration and began to apply to Chile in October 1977. Later on was applied to Argentina and other countries.<br />
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=== Camp David Accords ===<br />
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Carter's greatest and arguably only triumph while in office was a historic peace [[treaty]] known as the Camp David Peace Accords, between [[Israel]] and [[Egypt]], two nations that had been bitter enemies for decades. The treaty was formally signed in 1979, with most Middle Eastern countries opposed to it.<br />
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=== Iran Hostage Crisis ===<br />
{{Main|Iran Hostage Crisis}}<br />
[[Image:Iran1979.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Blindfolded American hostages being paraded before the public by their Iranian captors, November 5, 1979.]]<br />
In 1979, a new radical [[Islamic]] regime lead by [[Ayatollah Khomeini]] in [[Iran]] overthrew America's close ally Shah. Thousands of modernizers were arrested, expelled or executed. This had partially been Carter's fault, as in February of that year, when asked whether the Shah would survive the current turmoil, Carter gave an ambiguously worded response stating the following: "I don’t know. I hope so. This is something that is in the hands of the people of Iran. We have never had any intention and don’t have any intention of trying to intercede in the internal political affairs of Iran…. We personally prefer that the Shah maintain a major role in the government, but that’s a decision for the Iranian people to make." This statement ultimately emboldened the radicals due to it essentially communicating that America won't back up its ally.<ref>https://www.weeklystandard.com/double-duped-carter-from-soviet-communism-to-radical-islam/article/496983</ref><ref>https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2011/02/19/big-dupes-carter-and-obama-egypt-and-iran/</ref> In addition, he also spent a lot of time sabotaging the Shah of Iran's chances due to the latter's anti-Human Rights elements, as "human rights" was a major platform for Carter as well as overall being [[Taqiyya|duped]] by the Ayatollah Khomeini.<ref>https://www.theblaze.com/contributions/35-years-ago-an-iranian-revolution-thanks-to-jimmy-carter</ref><ref>https://www.americanthinker.com/articles/2007/08/jimmy_carters_human_rights_dis.html</ref><ref>https://nypost.com/2016/06/04/how-ayatollah-khomeini-suckered-jimmy-carter/</ref> In November 1979 student revolutionaries stormed into the American embassy in [[Tehran]] and captured 52 United States diplomats as hostages. The US seized all Iranian assets and tried to bargain, a process that dragged on for 444 days. Despite pressure to use military action Carter tried to negotiate with Iran, which proved to be unsuccessful. In April 1980 President Carter approved a rescue attempt (over the opposition of [[Secretary of State]] [[Cyrus Vance, Sr.]]). To the nations dismay, the attempt failed when several helicopters malfunctioned. Eight serviceman died in the accident. Carter's negotiations with Iran continued throughout 1980. Ironically, the hostages were released just after Carter left office on January 20, 1981, as they were fearful of what President Reagan might do.<br />
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The Carter administration viewed the Ayatollah Khomeini as a "[[progressive]] force for [[human rights]]," the "Iranian Mandela"' and "Iranian Gandhi." One of the Ayatollah's first acts was to issue a [[fatwa]] promising paradise for children who joined the Iranian military during the [[Iran-Iraq war]]. By 1982, with [[Shi'a]] clergy in command, the government asked children, age 9 years old and up, to clear minefields so the regular Army could advance against the [[Saddam Hussein]]'s Army. <ref>[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/iran-iraq.htm Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988), ''Iraqi Retreats, 1982-84''], Globalsecruity.org, retrieved 20 March 2007.</ref><ref>[http://www.matthiaskuentzel.de/contents/ahmadinejads-demons ''Ahmadinejad's Demons: A Child of the Revolution Takes Over''], Matthias Küntzel, The New Republic, 24 April 2006 .</ref> About 100,000 died as ''Basij'' child soldiers building the [[Islamic Republic of Iran]].<br />
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==1980 reelection campaign==<br />
[[File:Carter mondale 1200.JPG|left|300px|thumb|Carter with vice president Walter Mondale.]] <br />
{{Main|United States presidential election, 1980}}<br />
By the time of President Carter's reelection campaign, the country was plagued by problems, including high levels of unemployment, inflation, interest rates and the Iranian hostage crisis. Although incumbent Presidents usually win their party's nomination easily, Carter faced a primary challenge from the more [[liberal]] [[Massachusetts]] Senator [[Ted Kennedy]]. Carter was able to maintain a lead over Kennedy and defeated him with 51 percent of the vote to 38 percent. After a messy floor fight, Carter won re-nomination; Willie Nelson, who in 2003 hit the top of the ''Billboard'' charts with a song celebrating public lynchings,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://psmag.com/news/country-hits-are-getting-more-misogynistic-according-to-new-research?fbclid=IwAR0L2NbDN6gHqxr8vnsjPyB6GZFuMbUxIjh-k9uFn74tSrvx9y-U_xc_OAk|title=COUNTRY HITS INCREASINGLY OBJECTIFY WOMEN AND GLORIFY WHITENESS|last=Jacobs|first=Tom|date=May 7, 2019|website=Pacific Standard|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref> sang the national anthem at the Democratic National Convention. <br />
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In the general election, Carter faced two opponents: [[Conservative]] and charismatic [[California]] Governor [[Ronald Reagan]] as the Republican nominee and moderate [[Illinois]] Congressman [[John Anderson]] running as an [[Independent]]. Reagan locked the election in late October of the campaign when, at the Presidential debate, he asked the voters, "Are you better off than you were four years ago?" His relaxed performance helped to dispel fears from the Carter camp that Reagan was a war monger. Reagan won by a large margin, 43.9 million votes for Reagan and 35.5 million votes for Carter. Democrats maintained control of the [[House of Representatives]] but by a narrower margin, and lost control of the [[United States Senate]].<br />
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Carter left office disappointed and unhappy. He became the first elected President since [[Herbert Hoover]] to lose a bid for a second term.<br />
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==Post Presidency==<br />
{{See also|Israel apartheid slur}}<br />
[[Image:Palestine peace not apartheid.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Cover of Jimmy Carter's controversial and defamatory book, ''Peace Not Apartheid''.]]<br />
Carter was active in foreign affairs after his presidency. Carter's 2006 book, ''Palestine: Peace Not Apartheid,'' caused Prof. Kenneth Stein, a top aide at the Carter Center to resign because of its depiction of Israel through three decades of diplomatic and military dealings with the Palestinians. Mr. Stein had served as an aide to Mr. Carter during most of those years and considers the book [[deceit]]ful and [[malicious]]. As the book's title suggests, Carter compares Israel with the white supremacist regime of old South Africa. Additionally, fourteen other members of the Carter Center's advisory board resigned over the book.<br />
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In the book he made the point that any peace accords reached would fundamentally have to be accompanied by the ceasing of terrorist activity towards Israel, he wrote:<br />
<blockquote><br />
:"It is imperative that the general Arab community and all significant Palestinian groups make it clear that they will end the suicide bombings and other acts of terrorism when international laws and the ultimate goals of the Roadmap for Peace are accepted by Israel.<br />
</blockquote><br />
The sentiment was widely criticized. He apologized for the wording of that sentence, but not for his larger message.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/01/23/AR2007012301668.html?nav=rss_artsandliving/books Washington Post, January 24, 2007]</ref><br />
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Though Carter admitted that Israel is a free equal democracy for all<ref>(for example, in LATimes, Dec. 8, 2006: "The book is devoted to circumstances and events in Palestine and not in Israel, where democracy prevails and citizens live together and are legally guaranteed equal status." </ref> and that his book is about the "territories " exclusively and it's not related to "race" or "racism".<ref>NPR and Brendeis, Jan.07</ref> He also added that he is aware it's a provocative term. <br />
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But even his "facts" and anti-Israel bias was heavily criticized.<ref> One example: [https://books.google.com/books/about/Bearing_False_Witness.html?id=U-mUGAAACAAJ&source=kp_book_description Bearing False Witness: Jimmy Carter's Palestine, Peace Not Apartheid], Andrea Levin, Camera, the Committee for Accuracy in Middle East Reporting in America, 2007 [https://www.camera.org/videos-publications/bearing-false-witness-jimmy-carter-s-palestine-peace-not-apartheid/]</ref><ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20110724051931/http://politics.gather.com/viewArticle.action?articleId=281474976879837 Ex-President for Sale]. January 08, 2007.<br />
''has been bought and paid for by Arab money. In his recent book tour to promote Palestine: Peace Not Apartheid, Carter has been peddling a particularly nasty bit of bigotry...''</ref><br />
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Columnist at the ''Washington Post'' :<ref>Michael Kinsley, "[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/12/11/AR2006121101225.html It's Not Apartheid]." The Washington Post, December 12, 2006</ref><blockquote>It's not clear what he means by using the loaded word "apartheid," since the book makes no attempt to explain it, but the only reasonable interpretation is that Carter is comparing Israel to the former white racist government of South Africa. That is a foolish and unfair comparison, unworthy of the man who won -- and deserved -- the Nobel Peace Prize for bringing Israel and Egypt together in the Camp David Accords, and who has lent such luster to the imaginary office of former president.</blockquote><br />
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In September 2009, Carter caused controversy when he stated that criticisms of [[Barack Obama]] was motivated by racism:<br />
:"I think, an overwhelming portion, of the intensely demonstrated animosity towed President Barack Obama, is based on the fact that he is a black man. That he's African American...because of a belief among many white people, not just in the South but around the country, that African Americans are not qualified to lead this great country." <ref>http://erickbrockway.wordpress.com/2009/09/16/the-new-radicals-vs-the-new-racists/</ref><br />
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[[John McCain]] responded to Carter's remarks, "I'm deeply disturbed by those accusations because it's an unfair and untrue commentary on the American people, and them exercising their God-given rights to disagree with the administration. '''It seems to me that President Carter has earned his place as, if not the worst president in history, certainly the worst in the 20th century.'''" <ref>[http://freedomeden.blogspot.com/2009/09/mccain-jimmy-carter-worst-president.html McCain:Jimmy Carter worst president ever, freedomeden.blogspot.com, September 18, 2009]</ref><br />
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As President, Carter expressed a goal of making government "competent and compassionate." In pursuit of that vision, he founded The Carter Center in 1982 which has the alleged goal of alleviating human suffering. The Center supposedly promotes democratic elections but was nowhere to be found during the massive 2020 [[Democrat election fraud]]. Like the [[Clinton Foundation]], it supposedly has programmes to improve health in developing countries as well. His continued work mediating international disputes, organizing election observations, and fundraising with organizations said to fight disease and hunger. These activities were cited when he was awarded the 2002 [[Nobel Prize|Nobel Peace Prize]]. In his Nobel lecture, Carter praised Democrat segregationist president Woodrow Wilson and declared his support for "international law":<br />
<br />
<blockquote><br />
:"Our President, [[Woodrow Wilson]], was honored here for promoting the [[League of Nations]], whose two basic concepts were profoundly important: "collective security" and "self-determination." Now they are embedded in international law. Violations of these premises during the last half-century have been tragic failures, as was vividly demonstrated when the Soviet Union attempted to conquer Afghanistan and when Iraq invaded Kuwait.<ref>[http://jimmycarterlibrary.org/documents/nobel.phtml Text of Carter's Nobel Lecture] Jimmy Carter Library and Museum, 2002.</ref><br />
</blockquote><br />
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[[Agha Hasan Abedi]] used his connections to Jimmy Carter to publicize the [[corrupt]] [[Bank of Credit and Commerce International]] (BCCI) to heads of state around the world. Abedi made his personal 727 jet available to Carter, and accompanied the former President to [[Thailand]], [[Tibet]], [[Hong Kong]], and the [[Soviet Union]], among other places. Carter introduced Abedi to many heads of state and government from [[Deng Xiaoping]] in [[China]] to [[James Callahan]] in the [[United Kingdom]]. Abedi donated a half-million dollars to establish the Carter Presidential Library, and a public policy institute at [[Emory University]]. Abedi was committed to the development of the [[Pakistan]]i [[nuclear bomb]], even donating 500 million rupees for the creation of Pakistan's Gulam Ishaq Research Institute for [[nuclear]] development. <br />
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In his advanced age Carter's mental facilities began to falter (due to a brain tumor which was successfully removed, and several falls), nevertheless he continued making public speaking appearances (though he was unable to attend the funeral of [[Billy Graham]], not due to his illness, but due to his wife's recent surgery) and worked with the scandal-ridden Habitat for Humanity program.<ref>https://www.propublica.org/article/how-a-tip-about-habitat-for-humanity-became-a-whole-different-story</ref> As of 2020, he was the earliest-serving of five living U.S. presidents, the longest-lived president (and the first to reach the age of 95), the longest-retired president and the first to live forty years after initial inauguration.<br />
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Jimmy Carter announced in 2019 that he supports the [[Trump Russia hoax]], a completely false and baseless [[conspiracy theory]] that claims that [[Republican]] US President [[Donald Trump]]'s victory against [[Hillary Clinton]] was brought about by Russian interference.<ref>[https://edition.cnn.com/2019/06/28/politics/jimmy-carter-trump-russia-interference/index.html Jimmy Carter suggests Trump is an illegitimate president]</ref> <br />
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{{Clear}}<br />
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==Basic further reading==<br />
* Bourne, Peter G. ''Jimmy Carter: A Comprehensive Biography from Plains to Post-Presidency'' (1997). <br />
* Brinkley, Douglas. ''The Unfinished Presidency: Jimmy Carter's Journey beyond the White House'' (1998). [https://www.amazon.com/Unfinished-Presidency-Carters-Journey-Beyond/dp/0140276165/ref=sr_1_18?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1249620205&sr=1-18 excerpt and text search]<br />
*Fink, Gary M. and Hugh Davis Graham, eds. ''The Carter Presidency: Policy Choices in the Post-New Deal Era'' (1998) <br />
* Gaillard, Frye. ''Prophet from Plains: Jimmy Carter and His Legacy'' (2007). [https://www.amazon.com/Prophet-Plains-Jimmy-Carter-Legacy/dp/0820333328/ref=sr_1_7?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1249619928&sr=1-7 excerpt and text search]<br />
* Hargrove, Erwin C. ''Jimmy Carter as President: Leadership and the Politics of the Public Good'' (1988). <br />
* Kaufman, Burton Ira. ''The Presidency of James Earl Carter, Jr.'' (1993), the best survey of his administration<br />
* Kaufman, Burton Ira. ''The Carter Years'' (2006), short biographies of all the major players<br />
* Morris, Kenneth E. ''Jimmy Carter, American Moralist'' (1996).<br />
* Venezia, Mike. ''Jimmy Carter: Thirty-Ninth President'' (Getting to Know the US Presidents) (2008), for middle schools [https://www.amazon.com/Jimmy-Carter-Thirty-Ninth-President-Presidents/dp/0516259717/ref=sr_1_24?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1249620205&sr=1-24 excerpt and text search]<br />
* Wilentz, Sean. ''The Age of Reagan: A History, 1974-2008'' (2007) [https://www.amazon.com/Age-Reagan-History-1974-2008-American/dp/0060744812/ref=pd_sim_b_1 excerpt and text search]<br />
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==Specialized Bibliography==<br />
===Biography, personality and rhetoric===<br />
*Bourne, Peter G. ''Jimmy Carter: A Comprehensive Biography From Plains to Post-Presidency'' (1997)<br />
*Flint, Andrew R. and Joy Porter. "Jimmy Carter: The re-emergence of faith-based politics and the abortion rights issue. " ''Presidential Studies Quarterly'' (March 2005) 35#1 pp.&nbsp;28–51<br />
* Gaillard, Frye. ''Prophet from Plains: Jimmy Carter and His Legacy'' (2007). [https://www.amazon.com/Prophet-Plains-Jimmy-Carter-Legacy/dp/0820333328/ref=sr_1_7?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1249619928&sr=1-7 excerpt and text search]<br />
*Hahn, Dan F. "The rhetoric of Jimmy Carter, 1976–1980" in Theodore Windt and Beth Ingold, eds. ''Essays in Presidential Rhetoric'' (3rd ed. 1992) pp.&nbsp;331–365<br />
* Mattson, Kevin. '''What the Heck Are You Up To, Mr. President?': Jimmy Carter, America's 'Malaise,' and the Speech that Should Have Changed the Country'' (2009) <br />
*Ribuffo, Leo P. "God and Jimmy Carter" in M. L. Bradbury and James B. Gilbert, eds. ''Transforming Faith: The Sacred and Secular in Modern American History'' (1989) pp. 141–159, by conservative historian<br />
*Ribuffo, Leo P. "'Malaise' revisited: Jimmy Carter and the crisis of confidence" in John Patrick Diggins, ed. ''The Liberal Persuasion: Arthur Schlesinger, Jr. and the Challenge of the American Past'' (1997) by conservative historian<br />
* Stuckey, Mary E. ''Jimmy Carter, Human Rights, and the National Agenda'' (2009) on Presidential rhetoric <br />
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===Domestic policy===<br />
* Biven, W. Carl ''Jimmy Carter's Economy: Policy in an Age of Limits'' (2002) [http://www.questia.com/read/110717331?title=Jimmy%20Carter's%20Economy%3a%20%20Policy%20in%20an%20Age%20of%20Limits online edition]<br />
* Campagna, Anthony S. ''Economic Policy in the Carter Administration'' (1995) 216 pp [http://www.questia.com/read/27443313?title=Economic%20Policy%20in%20the%20Carter%20Administration online edition]<br />
*Dumbrell, John, ed. ''The Carter Presidency: A Re-evaluation'' (2nd ed. 1995), British perspective<br />
*Fink, Gary M. and Hugh Davis Graham, eds. ''The Carter Presidency: Policy Choices in the Post-New Deal Era'' (1998) <br />
*Kaufman, Burton I. ''The Presidency of James Earl Carter, Jr'' (1993), the standard scholarly survey<br />
*Rosenbaum, Herbert D. and Alexej Ugrinsky, eds. ''The Presidency and Domestic Policies of Jimmy Carter'' (1994), essays by experts [http://www.questia.com/read/27232781?title=The%20Presidency%20and%20Domestic%20Policies%20of%20Jimmy%20Carter online edition]<br />
<br />
===Politics===<br />
* Aronoff, Yael S., "In Like a Lamb, Out Like a Lion: The Political Conversion of Jimmy Carter," ''Political Science Quarterly,'' 121 (Fall 2006), 425–49.<br />
* Busch, Andrew E. ''Reagan's Victory: The Presidential Election of 1980 and the Rise of the Right,'' (2005) [http://www.claremont.org/publications/crb/id.1103/article_detail.asp online review by Michael Barone]<br />
* Fink, Gary M. ''Prelude to the Presidency: The Political Character and Legislative Leadership Style of Governor Jimmy Carter'' (1980). [http://www.questia.com/read/34288553?title=Prelude%20to%20the%20Presidency%3a%20The%20Political%20Character%20and%20Legislative%20Leadership%20Style%20of%20Governor%20Jimmy%20Carter online edition]<br />
* Freedman, Robert. "The Religious Right and the Carter Administration." ''Historical Journal'' 2005 48(1): 231-260. Issn: 0018-246x Fulltext: in Swetswise <br />
*Gillon, Steven M. ''The Democrats' Dilemma: Walter F. Mondale and the Liberal Legacy'' (1992)<br />
* Hargrove, Erwin C. ''Jimmy Carter as President: Leadership and the Politics of the Public Good'' (1988). <br />
*Jones, Charles O. ''The Trusteeship Presidency: Jimmy Carter and the United States Congress'' (1988)<br />
*Kaufman, Burton I. ''The Presidency of James Earl Carter, Jr'' (1993), the standard scholarly survey<br />
* Kaufman, Burton Ira. ''The Carter Years'' (2006), short biographies of all the major players<br />
* Morgan, Iwan. "Jimmy Carter, Bill Clinton, and the New Democratic Economics." ''Historical Journal'' 2004 47(4): 1015-1039. Issn: 0018-246x Fulltext: in Swetswise <br />
* Pomper, Gerald M., ed. ''The Election of 1980: Reports and Interpretations'' (1981)<br />
* Ranney, Austin, ed. ''The American Elections of 1980'' (1982), essays by political scientists<br />
*Strong, Robert A. "Recapturing leadership: The Carter administration and the crisis of confidence," ''Presidential Studies Quarterly'' (Fall 1986) 16#3 pp 636–650<br />
*White, Theodore H. ''America in Search of Itself: The Making of the President, 1956–1980'' (1982), classic narrative of presidential campaigns<br />
*Witcover, Jules. ''Marathon: The Pursuit of the Presidency, 1972–1976'' (1977), very detailed narrative<br />
<br />
===Foreign Policy===<br />
* Berggren, D. Jason and Rae, Nicol C. "Jimmy Carter and George W. Bush: Faith, Foreign Policy, and an Evangelical Presidential Style." ''Presidential Studies Quarterly'' 2006 36(4): 606-632. Issn: 0360-4918 Fulltext: in Swetswise and Ingenta <br />
* Clymer, Kenton. "Jimmy Carter, Human Rights, and Cambodia." ''Diplomatic History'' 2003 27(2): 245-278. Issn: 0145-2096 Fulltext: in Swetswise, Ingenta and Ebsco <br />
*Dumbrell, John, ed. ''The Carter Presidency: A Re-evaluation'' (2nd ed. 1995), British perspective<br />
*Harris, David. ''The Crisis: the President, the Prophet, and the Shah&mdash;1979 and the Coming of Militant Islam'' (2004)<br />
* Houghton, David Patrick. ''US Foreign Policy and the Iran Hostage Crisis'' (2001) [http://www.questia.com/SM.qst?act=adv&contributors=David Patrick Houghton&dcontributors=David%20Patrick%20Houghton online edition]<br />
*Kaufman, Burton I. ''The Presidency of James Earl Carter, Jr'' (1993), the standard scholarly survey<br />
*Rosenbaum, Herbert D. and Alexej Ugrinsky, eds. ''Jimmy Carter: Foreign Policy and Post-Presidential Years'' (1994), essays by experts [http://www.questia.com/read/14250706?title=Jimmy%20Carter%3a%20Foreign%20Policy%20and%20Post-Presidential%20Years online edition]<br />
* Schmitz, David F. and Vanessa Walker. "Jimmy Carter and the Foreign Policy of Human Rights: the Development of a Post-cold War Foreign Policy." ''Diplomatic History'' 2004 28(1): 113-143. Issn: 0145-2096 Fulltext: in Swetswise, Ingenta and Ebsco <br />
* Skidmore, David. ''Reversing Course: Carter's Foreign Policy, Domestic Politics, and the Failure of Reform'' (1996). <br />
* Stein, Kenneth W. ''Heroic Diplomacy: Sadat, Kissinger, Carter, Begin and the Quest for Arab-Israeli Peace'' (1999) [http://www.questia.com/SM.qst?act=adv&contributors=Kenneth W. Stein&dcontributors=Kenneth%20W.%20Stein online edition]<br />
*Strong, Robert A. ''Working in the World: Jimmy Carter and the Making of American Foreign Policy'' (2000) <br />
* Thornton, Richard C. ''The Carter Years: Toward a New Global Order'' (1991) 572 pp. [http://www.questia.com/read/10415810?title=The%20Carter%20Years%3a%20Toward%20a%20New%20Global%20Order online edition]<br />
<br />
===Post-presidential years===<br />
* Brinkley, Douglas. ''The Unfinished Presidency: Jimmy Carter's Journey beyond the White House'' (1998). [https://www.amazon.com/Unfinished-Presidency-Carters-Journey-Beyond/dp/0140276165/ref=sr_1_18?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1249620205&sr=1-18 excerpt and text search]<br />
* Dershowitz, Alan. ''The Case Against Israel's Enemies: Exposing Jimmy Carter and Others Who Stand in the Way of Peace'' (2009) [https://www.amazon.com/Case-Against-Israels-Enemies-Exposing/dp/0470490055/ref=sr_1_3?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1249619928&sr=1-3 excerpt and text search]<br />
* Evans, Mike. ''Jimmy Carter: The Liberal Left and World Chaos: A Carter/Obama Plan That Will Not Work'' (2009), conservative critique<br />
<br />
==Primary sources==<br />
* [http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/publications/ERP/ Council of Economic Advisors, ''Economic Report of the President'' (annual 1947- )], complete series online; important analysis of current trends and policies, plus statistcial tables<br />
<br />
===Books by aides===<br />
* Califano, Joseph A., Jr. ''Governing America: An insider's report from the White House and the Cabinet''. 1981<br />
* Jordan, Hamilton. ''Crisis: The Last Year of the Carter Presidency''. 1982<br />
* Lance, Bert. ''The Truth of the Matter: My Life in and out of Politics''. 1991<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[Essay:Criticism of Jimmy Carter]]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://www.jimmycarterlibrary.org/documents/jec/jcnavy.phtml Jimmy Carter's Naval Service]<br />
*[http://www.frontpagemag.com/Articles/ReadArticle.asp?ID=13265 Carter the worst ex-president -- Steven Hayward]<br />
*[http://blogcentral.jpost.com/index.php?cat_id=7&blog_id=59&blog_post_id=935 Jimmy Carter is a liar], [[Alan Dershowitz]], ''Jerusalem Post'', March 13, 2007.<br />
*[https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/01/19/AR2007011901541.hml Jimmy Carter's Jewish Problem] by Deborah Lipstadt.<br />
*[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,918293,00.html "A Man Among Old Friends"], ''Time''Sep. 06, 1976 (article on Carter's favorite books&mdash;says the important book in his life is the Bible.)<br />
* [https://librivox.org/author/11304 Works by Jimmy Carter - text and free audio] - [[LibriVox]]<br />
<br />
{{USPresidents}}<br />
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{{Globalism}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Carter, Jimmy}}<br />
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[[Category:United States Navy]]<br />
[[Category:Conspiracy Theorists]]</div>Reaganisawsomehttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Stephen_Baldwin&diff=1988390Stephen Baldwin2023-09-30T00:06:05Z<p>Reaganisawsome: /* Career */ minor edit</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox person<br />
|image=Stephen Baldwin (cropped).jpg<br />
|name=Stephen Baldwin<br />
|fullname=Stephen Andrew Baldwin<br />
|birth_date=May 12, 1966<br />
|birth_place=Massapequa, [[New York]]<br />
|party=[[Republican]]<br />
|religion=born-again Christian<br />
|spouse=Kennya Deodato (m.1990-present)<br />
}}<br />
'''Stephen Baldwin''' (born May 12, 1966) is an American actor and is the youngest brother of actors Alec, Daniel and William Baldwin. He is best known for starring in films such as ''Born on the Fourth of July'' (1989), ''The Usual Suspects'' (1995), ''The Flintstones in Viva Rock Vegas'' (2000) and ''Bio-Dome'' (1996). He is also known for being the only conservative Baldwin unlike his older brothers [[Alec Baldwin|Alec]] and William, who are both liberal.<br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Stephen Baldwin was born in Massapequa, New York on May 12, 1966 to Carol Newcomb (née Martineau) and Alexander Rae Baldwin, Jr. and is the youngest of three brothers Alec, William and Daniel.<br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
Stephen began his acting career in 1987 with a supporting role on the TV series ''American Playhouse''. His motion picture debut came the following year with ''Homeboy''. He also starred on the hit TV series ''Family Ties'' and ''China Beach''. One of his most famous roles in film is the role of criminal Michael McManus in the 1995 film ''The Usual Suspects''. He also starred in the 2006 made-for-television film ''Jesse Stone: Night Passage'' as Joe Genest alongside Tom Selleck as the title role.<br />
<br />
==Religious views==<br />
During his early life, Stephen was at one time Catholic. But, in the wake of the September 11th attacks, he became a born-again Christian and has been extremely vocal on television and YouTube about his faith. <ref>[http://www.beliefnet.com/entertainment/celebrities/how-actor-stephen-baldwin-found-god.aspx How Actor Stephen Baldwin Found God]</ref><ref>[https://neonnettle.com/features/1718-actor-stephen-baldwin-you-can-t-call-yourself-christian-and-support-abortion Actor Stephen Baldwin: You Can't Call Yourself Christian and Support Abortion]</ref><br />
<br />
==Political views==<br />
Stephen is one of many Hollywood stars who came in support of [[Donald Trump]] in the 2016 election. Prior to that, Stephen supported [[George W. Bush]], [[Sam Brownback]] and [[Mike Huckabee]]. In a 2018 interview with CBN News, he stated that he had not spoken to Alec since the election.<ref>[http://www1.cbn.com/cbnnews/2018/february/actor-stephen-baldwin-lsquo-i-hellip-haven-rsquo-t-talked-to-my-brother-alec-since-the-election-rsquo Actor Stephen Baldwin: ‘I…Haven’t Talked to My Brother Alec Since the Election’]</ref><br />
<br />
==Quotes==<br />
"I'm just the messenger here. I'm just another representative of my faith, so to speak."<br />
<br />
"I've been to MTV and all of that worldly stuff. It's death. It's meaningless."<br />
<br />
"Life is such a precious gift. Whatever life throws at us, if we could just learn to get through that day and hang on to the next, you never know what may come. It may get worse, but you never know."<br />
<br />
"I believe I have a calling. Do you know what that calling is? To stand up in a new and hard core, radical way for the Lord. In the process, if I insult a couple of people, if I offend a couple of people, and if I got to shake it up a little bit, as long as it is led by the Holy Spirit, amen."<br />
<br />
(on non-family friendly content in games) "We’re allowing our culture and our youth to be an assaulted by the derogatory content in Hollywood. There’s a moral issue that is far more important that we need to start making noise about more than anything else." <ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20090310055407/http://www.newsmax.com/insidecover/baldwin_hollywood_vulgar/2009/03/06/189397.html/ Stephen Baldwin Slams Hollywood]</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Conservatism]]<br />
[[Category:Conservatives]]<br />
[[Category:Republicans]]<br />
[[Category:Actors]]<br />
[[Category:Christians]]<br />
[[Category:Pro-Life]]<br />
[[Category:Hollywood Conservatives]]</div>Reaganisawsomehttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Stephen_Baldwin&diff=1988132Stephen Baldwin2023-09-28T20:59:09Z<p>Reaganisawsome: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox person<br />
|image=Stephen Baldwin (cropped).jpg<br />
|name=Stephen Baldwin<br />
|fullname=Stephen Andrew Baldwin<br />
|birth_date=May 12, 1966<br />
|birth_place=Massapequa, [[New York]]<br />
|party=[[Republican]]<br />
|religion=born-again Christian<br />
|spouse=Kennya Deodato (m.1990-present)<br />
}}<br />
'''Stephen Baldwin''' (born May 12, 1966) is an American actor and is the youngest brother of actors Alec, Daniel and William Baldwin. He is best known for starring in films such as ''Born on the Fourth of July'' (1989), ''The Usual Suspects'' (1995), ''The Flintstones in Viva Rock Vegas'' (2000) and ''Bio-Dome'' (1996). He is also known for being the only conservative Baldwin unlike his older brothers [[Alec Baldwin|Alec]] and William, who are both liberal.<br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Stephen Baldwin was born in Massapequa, New York on May 12, 1966 to Carol Newcomb (née Martineau) and Alexander Rae Baldwin, Jr. and is the youngest of three brothers Alec, William and Daniel.<br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
Stephen began his career in 1987 with a supporting role on the TV series ''American Playhouse''. His motion picture debut came the following year with ''Homeboy''. He also starred on the hit TV series ''Family Ties'' and ''China Beach''. One of his most famous roles in film is the role of criminal Michael McManus in the 1995 film ''The Usual Suspects''. He also starred in the 2006 made-for-television film ''Jesse Stone: Night Passage'' as Joe Genest alongside Tom Selleck as the title role.<br />
<br />
==Religious views==<br />
During his early life, Stephen was at one time Catholic. But, in the wake of the September 11th attacks, he became a born-again Christian and has been extremely vocal on television and YouTube about his faith. <ref>[http://www.beliefnet.com/entertainment/celebrities/how-actor-stephen-baldwin-found-god.aspx How Actor Stephen Baldwin Found God]</ref><ref>[https://neonnettle.com/features/1718-actor-stephen-baldwin-you-can-t-call-yourself-christian-and-support-abortion Actor Stephen Baldwin: You Can't Call Yourself Christian and Support Abortion]</ref><br />
<br />
==Political views==<br />
Stephen is one of many Hollywood stars who came in support of [[Donald Trump]] in the 2016 election. Prior to that, Stephen supported [[George W. Bush]], [[Sam Brownback]] and [[Mike Huckabee]]. In a 2018 interview with CBN News, he stated that he had not spoken to Alec since the election.<ref>[http://www1.cbn.com/cbnnews/2018/february/actor-stephen-baldwin-lsquo-i-hellip-haven-rsquo-t-talked-to-my-brother-alec-since-the-election-rsquo Actor Stephen Baldwin: ‘I…Haven’t Talked to My Brother Alec Since the Election’]</ref><br />
<br />
==Quotes==<br />
"I'm just the messenger here. I'm just another representative of my faith, so to speak."<br />
<br />
"I've been to MTV and all of that worldly stuff. It's death. It's meaningless."<br />
<br />
"Life is such a precious gift. Whatever life throws at us, if we could just learn to get through that day and hang on to the next, you never know what may come. It may get worse, but you never know."<br />
<br />
"I believe I have a calling. Do you know what that calling is? To stand up in a new and hard core, radical way for the Lord. In the process, if I insult a couple of people, if I offend a couple of people, and if I got to shake it up a little bit, as long as it is led by the Holy Spirit, amen."<br />
<br />
(on non-family friendly content in games) "We’re allowing our culture and our youth to be an assaulted by the derogatory content in Hollywood. There’s a moral issue that is far more important that we need to start making noise about more than anything else." <ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20090310055407/http://www.newsmax.com/insidecover/baldwin_hollywood_vulgar/2009/03/06/189397.html/ Stephen Baldwin Slams Hollywood]</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Conservatism]]<br />
[[Category:Conservatives]]<br />
[[Category:Republicans]]<br />
[[Category:Actors]]<br />
[[Category:Christians]]<br />
[[Category:Pro-Life]]<br />
[[Category:Hollywood Conservatives]]</div>Reaganisawsomehttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Stephen_Baldwin&diff=1988131Stephen Baldwin2023-09-28T20:58:40Z<p>Reaganisawsome: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox person<br />
|image=File:Stephen Baldwin (cropped).jpg<br />
|name=Stephen Baldwin<br />
|fullname=Stephen Andrew Baldwin<br />
|birth_date=May 12, 1966<br />
|birth_place=Massapequa, [[New York]]<br />
|party=[[Republican]]<br />
|religion=born-again Christian<br />
|spouse=Kennya Deodato (m.1990-present)<br />
}}<br />
'''Stephen Baldwin''' (born May 12, 1966) is an American actor and is the youngest brother of actors Alec, Daniel and William Baldwin. He is best known for starring in films such as ''Born on the Fourth of July'' (1989), ''The Usual Suspects'' (1995), ''The Flintstones in Viva Rock Vegas'' (2000) and ''Bio-Dome'' (1996). He is also known for being the only conservative Baldwin unlike his older brothers [[Alec Baldwin|Alec]] and William, who are both liberal.<br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Stephen Baldwin was born in Massapequa, New York on May 12, 1966 to Carol Newcomb (née Martineau) and Alexander Rae Baldwin, Jr. and is the youngest of three brothers Alec, William and Daniel.<br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
Stephen began his career in 1987 with a supporting role on the TV series ''American Playhouse''. His motion picture debut came the following year with ''Homeboy''. He also starred on the hit TV series ''Family Ties'' and ''China Beach''. One of his most famous roles in film is the role of criminal Michael McManus in the 1995 film ''The Usual Suspects''. He also starred in the 2006 made-for-television film ''Jesse Stone: Night Passage'' as Joe Genest alongside Tom Selleck as the title role.<br />
<br />
==Religious views==<br />
During his early life, Stephen was at one time Catholic. But, in the wake of the September 11th attacks, he became a born-again Christian and has been extremely vocal on television and YouTube about his faith. <ref>[http://www.beliefnet.com/entertainment/celebrities/how-actor-stephen-baldwin-found-god.aspx How Actor Stephen Baldwin Found God]</ref><ref>[https://neonnettle.com/features/1718-actor-stephen-baldwin-you-can-t-call-yourself-christian-and-support-abortion Actor Stephen Baldwin: You Can't Call Yourself Christian and Support Abortion]</ref><br />
<br />
==Political views==<br />
Stephen is one of many Hollywood stars who came in support of [[Donald Trump]] in the 2016 election. Prior to that, Stephen supported [[George W. Bush]], [[Sam Brownback]] and [[Mike Huckabee]]. In a 2018 interview with CBN News, he stated that he had not spoken to Alec since the election.<ref>[http://www1.cbn.com/cbnnews/2018/february/actor-stephen-baldwin-lsquo-i-hellip-haven-rsquo-t-talked-to-my-brother-alec-since-the-election-rsquo Actor Stephen Baldwin: ‘I…Haven’t Talked to My Brother Alec Since the Election’]</ref><br />
<br />
==Quotes==<br />
"I'm just the messenger here. I'm just another representative of my faith, so to speak."<br />
<br />
"I've been to MTV and all of that worldly stuff. It's death. It's meaningless."<br />
<br />
"Life is such a precious gift. Whatever life throws at us, if we could just learn to get through that day and hang on to the next, you never know what may come. It may get worse, but you never know."<br />
<br />
"I believe I have a calling. Do you know what that calling is? To stand up in a new and hard core, radical way for the Lord. In the process, if I insult a couple of people, if I offend a couple of people, and if I got to shake it up a little bit, as long as it is led by the Holy Spirit, amen."<br />
<br />
(on non-family friendly content in games) "We’re allowing our culture and our youth to be an assaulted by the derogatory content in Hollywood. There’s a moral issue that is far more important that we need to start making noise about more than anything else." <ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20090310055407/http://www.newsmax.com/insidecover/baldwin_hollywood_vulgar/2009/03/06/189397.html/ Stephen Baldwin Slams Hollywood]</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Conservatism]]<br />
[[Category:Conservatives]]<br />
[[Category:Republicans]]<br />
[[Category:Actors]]<br />
[[Category:Christians]]<br />
[[Category:Pro-Life]]<br />
[[Category:Hollywood Conservatives]]</div>Reaganisawsomehttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Stephen_Baldwin&diff=1988130Stephen Baldwin2023-09-28T20:55:00Z<p>Reaganisawsome: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox person<br />
|image=Stephen Baldwin (cropped).jpg<br />
|name=Stephen Baldwin<br />
|fullname=Stephen Andrew Baldwin<br />
|birth_date=May 12, 1966<br />
|birth_place=Massapequa, [[New York]]<br />
|party=[[Republican]]<br />
|religion=born-again Christian<br />
|spouse=Kennya Deodato (m.1990-present)<br />
}}<br />
'''Stephen Baldwin''' (born May 12, 1966) is an American actor and is the youngest brother of actors Alec, Daniel and William Baldwin. He is best known for starring in films such as ''Born on the Fourth of July'' (1989), ''The Usual Suspects'' (1995), ''The Flintstones in Viva Rock Vegas'' (2000) and ''Bio-Dome'' (1996). He is also known for being the only conservative Baldwin unlike his older brothers [[Alec Baldwin|Alec]] and William, who are both liberal.<br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Stephen Baldwin was born in Massapequa, New York on May 12, 1966 to Carol Newcomb (née Martineau) and Alexander Rae Baldwin, Jr. and is the youngest of three brothers Alec, William and Daniel.<br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
Stephen began his career in 1987 with a supporting role on the TV series ''American Playhouse''. His motion picture debut came the following year with ''Homeboy''. He also starred on the hit TV series ''Family Ties'' and ''China Beach''. One of his most famous roles in film is the role of criminal Michael McManus in the 1995 film ''The Usual Suspects''. He also starred in the 2006 made-for-television film ''Jesse Stone: Night Passage'' as Joe Genest alongside Tom Selleck as the title role.<br />
<br />
==Religious views==<br />
During his early life, Stephen was at one time Catholic. But, in the wake of the September 11th attacks, he became a born-again Christian and has been extremely vocal on television and YouTube about his faith. <ref>[http://www.beliefnet.com/entertainment/celebrities/how-actor-stephen-baldwin-found-god.aspx How Actor Stephen Baldwin Found God]</ref><ref>[https://neonnettle.com/features/1718-actor-stephen-baldwin-you-can-t-call-yourself-christian-and-support-abortion Actor Stephen Baldwin: You Can't Call Yourself Christian and Support Abortion]</ref><br />
<br />
==Political views==<br />
Stephen is one of many Hollywood stars who came in support of [[Donald Trump]] in the 2016 election. Prior to that, Stephen supported [[George W. Bush]], [[Sam Brownback]] and [[Mike Huckabee]]. In a 2018 interview with CBN News, he stated that he had not spoken to Alec since the election.<ref>[http://www1.cbn.com/cbnnews/2018/february/actor-stephen-baldwin-lsquo-i-hellip-haven-rsquo-t-talked-to-my-brother-alec-since-the-election-rsquo Actor Stephen Baldwin: ‘I…Haven’t Talked to My Brother Alec Since the Election’]</ref><br />
<br />
==Quotes==<br />
"I'm just the messenger here. I'm just another representative of my faith, so to speak."<br />
<br />
"I've been to MTV and all of that worldly stuff. It's death. It's meaningless."<br />
<br />
"Life is such a precious gift. Whatever life throws at us, if we could just learn to get through that day and hang on to the next, you never know what may come. It may get worse, but you never know."<br />
<br />
"I believe I have a calling. Do you know what that calling is? To stand up in a new and hard core, radical way for the Lord. In the process, if I insult a couple of people, if I offend a couple of people, and if I got to shake it up a little bit, as long as it is led by the Holy Spirit, amen."<br />
<br />
(on non-family friendly content in games) "We’re allowing our culture and our youth to be an assaulted by the derogatory content in Hollywood. There’s a moral issue that is far more important that we need to start making noise about more than anything else." <ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20090310055407/http://www.newsmax.com/insidecover/baldwin_hollywood_vulgar/2009/03/06/189397.html/ Stephen Baldwin Slams Hollywood]</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Conservatism]]<br />
[[Category:Conservatives]]<br />
[[Category:Republicans]]<br />
[[Category:Actors]]<br />
[[Category:Christians]]<br />
[[Category:Pro-Life]]<br />
[[Category:Hollywood Conservatives]]</div>Reaganisawsomehttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Stephen_Baldwin&diff=1988128Stephen Baldwin2023-09-28T20:54:29Z<p>Reaganisawsome: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox person<br />
|image=<br />
[[File:Stephen Baldwin (cropped).jpg|200px|thumbnail|right]]<br />
|name=Stephen Baldwin<br />
|fullname=Stephen Andrew Baldwin<br />
|birth_date=May 12, 1966<br />
|birth_place=Massapequa, [[New York]]<br />
|party=[[Republican]]<br />
|religion=born-again Christian<br />
|spouse=Kennya Deodato (m.1990-present)<br />
}}<br />
'''Stephen Baldwin''' (born May 12, 1966) is an American actor and is the youngest brother of actors Alec, Daniel and William Baldwin. He is best known for starring in films such as ''Born on the Fourth of July'' (1989), ''The Usual Suspects'' (1995), ''The Flintstones in Viva Rock Vegas'' (2000) and ''Bio-Dome'' (1996). He is also known for being the only conservative Baldwin unlike his older brothers [[Alec Baldwin|Alec]] and William, who are both liberal.<br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Stephen Baldwin was born in Massapequa, New York on May 12, 1966 to Carol Newcomb (née Martineau) and Alexander Rae Baldwin, Jr. and is the youngest of three brothers Alec, William and Daniel.<br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
Stephen began his career in 1987 with a supporting role on the TV series ''American Playhouse''. His motion picture debut came the following year with ''Homeboy''. He also starred on the hit TV series ''Family Ties'' and ''China Beach''. One of his most famous roles in film is the role of criminal Michael McManus in the 1995 film ''The Usual Suspects''. He also starred in the 2006 made-for-television film ''Jesse Stone: Night Passage'' as Joe Genest alongside Tom Selleck as the title role.<br />
<br />
==Religious views==<br />
During his early life, Stephen was at one time Catholic. But, in the wake of the September 11th attacks, he became a born-again Christian and has been extremely vocal on television and YouTube about his faith. <ref>[http://www.beliefnet.com/entertainment/celebrities/how-actor-stephen-baldwin-found-god.aspx How Actor Stephen Baldwin Found God]</ref><ref>[https://neonnettle.com/features/1718-actor-stephen-baldwin-you-can-t-call-yourself-christian-and-support-abortion Actor Stephen Baldwin: You Can't Call Yourself Christian and Support Abortion]</ref><br />
<br />
==Political views==<br />
Stephen is one of many Hollywood stars who came in support of [[Donald Trump]] in the 2016 election. Prior to that, Stephen supported [[George W. Bush]], [[Sam Brownback]] and [[Mike Huckabee]]. In a 2018 interview with CBN News, he stated that he had not spoken to Alec since the election.<ref>[http://www1.cbn.com/cbnnews/2018/february/actor-stephen-baldwin-lsquo-i-hellip-haven-rsquo-t-talked-to-my-brother-alec-since-the-election-rsquo Actor Stephen Baldwin: ‘I…Haven’t Talked to My Brother Alec Since the Election’]</ref><br />
<br />
==Quotes==<br />
"I'm just the messenger here. I'm just another representative of my faith, so to speak."<br />
<br />
"I've been to MTV and all of that worldly stuff. It's death. It's meaningless."<br />
<br />
"Life is such a precious gift. Whatever life throws at us, if we could just learn to get through that day and hang on to the next, you never know what may come. It may get worse, but you never know."<br />
<br />
"I believe I have a calling. Do you know what that calling is? To stand up in a new and hard core, radical way for the Lord. In the process, if I insult a couple of people, if I offend a couple of people, and if I got to shake it up a little bit, as long as it is led by the Holy Spirit, amen."<br />
<br />
(on non-family friendly content in games) "We’re allowing our culture and our youth to be an assaulted by the derogatory content in Hollywood. There’s a moral issue that is far more important that we need to start making noise about more than anything else." <ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20090310055407/http://www.newsmax.com/insidecover/baldwin_hollywood_vulgar/2009/03/06/189397.html/ Stephen Baldwin Slams Hollywood]</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Conservatism]]<br />
[[Category:Conservatives]]<br />
[[Category:Republicans]]<br />
[[Category:Actors]]<br />
[[Category:Christians]]<br />
[[Category:Pro-Life]]<br />
[[Category:Hollywood Conservatives]]</div>Reaganisawsomehttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Stephen_Baldwin&diff=1988123Stephen Baldwin2023-09-28T20:50:42Z<p>Reaganisawsome: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox person<br />
|image=Image-w856.jpg?size=240x<br />
|name=Stephen Baldwin<br />
|fullname=Stephen Andrew Baldwin<br />
|birth_date=May 12, 1966<br />
|birth_place=Massapequa, [[New York]]<br />
|party=[[Republican]]<br />
|religion=born-again Christian<br />
|spouse=Kennya Deodato (m.1990-present)<br />
}}<br />
'''Stephen Baldwin''' (born May 12, 1966) is an American actor and is the youngest brother of actors Alec, Daniel and William Baldwin. He is best known for starring in films such as ''Born on the Fourth of July'' (1989), ''The Usual Suspects'' (1995), ''The Flintstones in Viva Rock Vegas'' (2000) and ''Bio-Dome'' (1996). He is also known for being the only conservative Baldwin unlike his older brothers [[Alec Baldwin|Alec]] and William, who are both liberal.<br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Stephen Baldwin was born in Massapequa, New York on May 12, 1966 to Carol Newcomb (née Martineau) and Alexander Rae Baldwin, Jr. and is the youngest of three brothers Alec, William and Daniel.<br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
Stephen began his career in 1987 with a supporting role on the TV series ''American Playhouse''. His motion picture debut came the following year with ''Homeboy''. He also starred on the hit TV series ''Family Ties'' and ''China Beach''. One of his most famous roles in film is the role of criminal Michael McManus in the 1995 film ''The Usual Suspects''. He also starred in the 2006 made-for-television film ''Jesse Stone: Night Passage'' as Joe Genest alongside Tom Selleck as the title role.<br />
<br />
==Religious views==<br />
During his early life, Stephen was at one time Catholic. But, in the wake of the September 11th attacks, he became a born-again Christian and has been extremely vocal on television and YouTube about his faith. <ref>[http://www.beliefnet.com/entertainment/celebrities/how-actor-stephen-baldwin-found-god.aspx How Actor Stephen Baldwin Found God]</ref><ref>[https://neonnettle.com/features/1718-actor-stephen-baldwin-you-can-t-call-yourself-christian-and-support-abortion Actor Stephen Baldwin: You Can't Call Yourself Christian and Support Abortion]</ref><br />
<br />
==Political views==<br />
Stephen is one of many Hollywood stars who came in support of [[Donald Trump]] in the 2016 election. Prior to that, Stephen supported [[George W. Bush]], [[Sam Brownback]] and [[Mike Huckabee]]. In a 2018 interview with CBN News, he stated that he had not spoken to Alec since the election.<ref>[http://www1.cbn.com/cbnnews/2018/february/actor-stephen-baldwin-lsquo-i-hellip-haven-rsquo-t-talked-to-my-brother-alec-since-the-election-rsquo Actor Stephen Baldwin: ‘I…Haven’t Talked to My Brother Alec Since the Election’]</ref><br />
<br />
==Quotes==<br />
"I'm just the messenger here. I'm just another representative of my faith, so to speak."<br />
<br />
"I've been to MTV and all of that worldly stuff. It's death. It's meaningless."<br />
<br />
"Life is such a precious gift. Whatever life throws at us, if we could just learn to get through that day and hang on to the next, you never know what may come. It may get worse, but you never know."<br />
<br />
"I believe I have a calling. Do you know what that calling is? To stand up in a new and hard core, radical way for the Lord. In the process, if I insult a couple of people, if I offend a couple of people, and if I got to shake it up a little bit, as long as it is led by the Holy Spirit, amen."<br />
<br />
(on non-family friendly content in games) "We’re allowing our culture and our youth to be an assaulted by the derogatory content in Hollywood. There’s a moral issue that is far more important that we need to start making noise about more than anything else." <ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20090310055407/http://www.newsmax.com/insidecover/baldwin_hollywood_vulgar/2009/03/06/189397.html/ Stephen Baldwin Slams Hollywood]</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Conservatism]]<br />
[[Category:Conservatives]]<br />
[[Category:Republicans]]<br />
[[Category:Actors]]<br />
[[Category:Christians]]<br />
[[Category:Pro-Life]]<br />
[[Category:Hollywood Conservatives]]</div>Reaganisawsomehttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Stephen_Baldwin&diff=1988122Stephen Baldwin2023-09-28T20:48:59Z<p>Reaganisawsome: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox person<br />
|image=Image-w856.jpg?size=240x|thumbnail<br />
|name=Stephen Baldwin<br />
|fullname=Stephen Andrew Baldwin<br />
|birth_date=May 12, 1966<br />
|birth_place=Massapequa, [[New York]]<br />
|party=[[Republican]]<br />
|religion=born-again Christian<br />
|spouse=Kennya Deodato (m.1990-present)<br />
}}<br />
'''Stephen Baldwin''' (born May 12, 1966) is an American actor and is the youngest brother of actors Alec, Daniel and William Baldwin. He is best known for starring in films such as ''Born on the Fourth of July'' (1989), ''The Usual Suspects'' (1995), ''The Flintstones in Viva Rock Vegas'' (2000) and ''Bio-Dome'' (1996). He is also known for being the only conservative Baldwin unlike his older brothers [[Alec Baldwin|Alec]] and William, who are both liberal. <br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Stephen Baldwin was born in Massapequa, New York on May 12, 1966 to Carol Newcomb (née Martineau) and Alexander Rae Baldwin, Jr. and is the youngest of three brothers Alec, William and Daniel.<br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
Stephen began his career in 1987 with a supporting role on the TV series ''American Playhouse''. His motion picture debut came the following year with ''Homeboy''. He also starred on the hit TV series ''Family Ties'' and ''China Beach''. One of his most famous roles in film is the role of criminal Michael McManus in the 1995 film ''The Usual Suspects''. He also starred in the 2006 made-for-television film ''Jesse Stone: Night Passage'' as Joe Genest alongside Tom Selleck as the title role.<br />
<br />
==Religious views==<br />
During his early life, Stephen was at one time Catholic. But, in the wake of the September 11th attacks, he became a born-again Christian and has been extremely vocal on television and YouTube about his faith. <ref>[http://www.beliefnet.com/entertainment/celebrities/how-actor-stephen-baldwin-found-god.aspx How Actor Stephen Baldwin Found God]</ref><ref>[https://neonnettle.com/features/1718-actor-stephen-baldwin-you-can-t-call-yourself-christian-and-support-abortion Actor Stephen Baldwin: You Can't Call Yourself Christian and Support Abortion]</ref><br />
<br />
==Political views==<br />
Stephen is one of many Hollywood stars who came in support of [[Donald Trump]] in the 2016 election. Prior to that, Stephen supported [[George W. Bush]], [[Sam Brownback]] and [[Mike Huckabee]]. In a 2018 interview with CBN News, he stated that he had not spoken to Alec since the election.<ref>[http://www1.cbn.com/cbnnews/2018/february/actor-stephen-baldwin-lsquo-i-hellip-haven-rsquo-t-talked-to-my-brother-alec-since-the-election-rsquo Actor Stephen Baldwin: ‘I…Haven’t Talked to My Brother Alec Since the Election’]</ref><br />
<br />
==Quotes==<br />
"I'm just the messenger here. I'm just another representative of my faith, so to speak."<br />
<br />
"I've been to MTV and all of that worldly stuff. It's death. It's meaningless."<br />
<br />
"Life is such a precious gift. Whatever life throws at us, if we could just learn to get through that day and hang on to the next, you never know what may come. It may get worse, but you never know."<br />
<br />
"I believe I have a calling. Do you know what that calling is? To stand up in a new and hard core, radical way for the Lord. In the process, if I insult a couple of people, if I offend a couple of people, and if I got to shake it up a little bit, as long as it is led by the Holy Spirit, amen."<br />
<br />
(on non-family friendly content in games) "We’re allowing our culture and our youth to be an assaulted by the derogatory content in Hollywood. There’s a moral issue that is far more important that we need to start making noise about more than anything else." <ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20090310055407/http://www.newsmax.com/insidecover/baldwin_hollywood_vulgar/2009/03/06/189397.html/ Stephen Baldwin Slams Hollywood]</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Conservatism]]<br />
[[Category:Conservatives]]<br />
[[Category:Republicans]]<br />
[[Category:Actors]]<br />
[[Category:Christians]]<br />
[[Category:Pro-Life]]<br />
[[Category:Hollywood Conservatives]]</div>Reaganisawsomehttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=George_W._Bush&diff=1986462George W. Bush2023-09-24T20:54:47Z<p>Reaganisawsome: He is now 77</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Officeholder<br />
|name=George Walker Bush<br />
|image=George_w_bush.jpeg<br />
|party=Republican<br />
|spouse=Laura Bush<br />
|religion=[[United Methodist]]<br />
|offices=<br />
{{Officeholder/president<br />
|country=the United States<br />
|number=43rd<br />
|terms=January 20, 2001 – January 20, 2009<br />
|vp=[[Dick Cheney]]<br />
|preceded=[[Bill Clinton]]<br />
|former=y<br />
|succeeded=[[Barack Obama]]<br />
}}<br />
{{Officeholder/governor<br />
|number=46th<br />
|state=Texas<br />
|terms=January 17, 1995 – December 21, 2000<br />
|preceded=[[Ann Richards]]<br />
|former=y<br />
|succeeded=[[Rick Perry]]<br />
}}<br />
}}<br />
'''George Walker Bush''' (born New Haven, [[Connecticut]] July 6, 1946, age 77) was the Governor of [[Texas]] (1995–2000) and served as the 43rd [[President of the United States of America]] from 2001 to 2009. Campaigning on a theme of "[[compassionate conservatism]]" and promising "to restore honor and dignity" to the office of President after the Clinton years,<ref>[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9507E3DC153FF931A2575BC0A9669C8B63&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all THE 2000 CAMPAIGN: THE TEXAS GOVERNOR; Bush Calls on Gore to Denounce Clinton Affair,] By Frank Bruni, [[The New York Times]]'', August 12, 2000.</ref> he won the office by a narrow margin in the decisive State of [[Florida]] in the [[United States presidential election, 2000|2000 Presidential election]]. Legal challenges to the certified vote count went all the way to the [[U.S. Supreme Court]] when [[liberal]] [[Democrat]]ic contender [[Al Gore]] contested the outcome for weeks until the Supreme Court case ''[[Bush v. Gore]]''. But when [[Republican]] [[Donald Trump]] faced a similar situation in 2020, Bush pandered to the [[liberal media]] by calling [[Joe Biden]] to congratulate him on his fake victory.<ref>https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2020/nov/8/george-w-bush-congratulates-joe-biden/</ref> Bush was also stingy and slow in his pardons, and declined a special written request by [[Boris Spassky]] to drop a tyrannical federal attempt to extradite [[Bobby Fischer]] on [[globalist]] charges of playing harmless [[chess]] in a disfavored country in violation of so-called international law.<ref>[https://www.foxnews.com/story/chess-champ-spassky-urges-mercy-for-fischer] Bush's attempt to extradite Bobby Fischer from [[Japan]] was ultimately unsuccessful as [[Iceland]] granted him asylum.</ref><br />
<br />
Cronyism is the hallmark of Bush politics, and that of his [[neocon]] vice president, [[Dick Cheney]]. If you're family or friends, you're in, and if not, you're out of luck or will be opposed. [[Conservative]] furor over Bush's nomination of crony [[Harriet Miers]] to the [[Supreme Court of the United States|Supreme Court]] was necessary to compel Bush to replace his nomination with [[Sam Alito]], who subsequently led the overturning of ''[[Roe v. Wade]]''.<br />
<br />
The difference between Bush and Trump is illustrated by how Bush waited until his last full day in office before merely commuting the brutally harsh prison sentences of border patrol agents Ignacio Ramos and Jose Alonso Compean for trying to secure the southern border. Trump fully pardoned these heroic defenders of the border. Bush refused to vote for Trump in 2016 and 2020.<br />
<br />
In the [[United States presidential election, 2004|2004 Presidential election]] Bush won re-election, helped in part by a 300,000 vote victory (5%) in the State of Florida, where the outcome had been so close in 2000.<ref>[http://election.dos.state.fl.us/elections/resultsarchive/SummaryRpt.asp?ElectionDate=11/2/2004&Race=PRE&DATAMODE= Florida Election Records], ''[[Florida Dept. of State]]''</ref> [[Leftist]] Democratic candidate [[John Kerry]] conceded defeat the day after the election.<br />
<br />
When the Bushes entered wars in the Middle East, it was the first time since [[William McKinley]] that a Republican party administration involved the United States in major armed conflicts. Bush's presidency was defined by [[foreign policy]] because of the [[September 11, 2001 attacks|September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks]], which eventually resulted in the attacks onto the countries of [[Iraq]] and [[Afghanistan]]. Bush named one conservative and one moderate to the Supreme Court. He reformed K12 education with a major new program, [[No Child Left Behind]], and pushed a series of major tax cuts through Congress. Conservatives cheered. All this happened in his first term, aiding his easy reelection. In addition, he engineered two government rebate checks, giving back to the people. Average unemployment over eight-years of the [[Bush Administration]] was 5.3%.<ref>[http://scottstanzel.com/2010/06/04/unemployment-rate-during-president-bush/ Scottstanzel.com, Unemployment During President George W. Bush’s Two Terms]</ref> <br />
His performance in dealing with [[Hurricane Katrina]] in 2005 was widely ridiculed, though some Republicans argued that local Democrats did an even worse job.<br />
As the [[Financial Crisis of 2008]] smashed into the banking system and the nation plunged into the [[Recession of 2008]], Bush responded by proposing a massive aid program of $700 billion to banks, and loan guarantees amounting to the trillions of dollars. Conservatives were dismayed as he proposed a traditional [[Keynesian]] [[stimulus]] which Democrats lauded. Above all, he made one of the most dramatic federal interventions in American history by his aid to the financial system. Bruce Bartlett, a Republican economist, says, "Bush clearly is not a Reaganite or "small 'c' conservative."<br />
<br />
Conservatives and [[libertarian]]s have criticized Bush for greatly increased domestic spending, creating a new entitlement program for prescription drugs, failing to veto a single bill before mid-2006, pursuing [[globalist]] policies, and expanding both the size and scope of government including federal regulations. In addition, many of his nominees to federal and even some judicial positions were liberals. Many of these officials, as well as Bush himself, opposed [[Donald Trump]]'s successful campaign for president in 2016. Supporters counter that he made extremely difficult decisions under extraordinary circumstances and that he was a man with convictions that did not cower from protecting America.<ref>See www.honorfreedom.com</ref> Unlike any president before him, he was subjected to an all-out attack by the [[Islamic terrorism|Islamic terrorist]] group Al-Qaeda. Bush's last year in office was a combination of Democrat [[Alinsky]] tactics and abandonment by his own Republican party. Lobbyists and Congress contributed greatly to the collapsing financial markets. Mistakes, questionable interests, Federal Reserve lack of transparency, Liberal Media, Unions, Homeland Security and one might understand why the Bush team faltered, they were in over their heads.<br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
[[Image:Bushfamily.JPG|left|thumb|275px|George W. Bush and his family in 1981]] George W. Bush was born on July 6, 1946, in New Haven, [[Connecticut]], and grew up in Midland and Houston, Texas.<ref>[https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/georgewbush Biography], [[White House]]</ref> He joined [[Delta Kappa Epsilon]] [[fraternity]] at Yale. He earned a BA in history from [[Yale University]] and attended [[Harvard]] Business School as well. He later served in the [[Air National Guard|Texas Air National Guard]] as an F-102 Delta Dagger pilot. Bush grew up around politics, as his father [[George H. W. Bush]] had been a member of the [[U.S. House of Representatives]], American Ambassador to the [[United Nations]], Director of the [[Central Intelligence Agency]] (CIA) and [[Vice President of the United States|Vice President]] of the United States under President [[Ronald Reagan]]. In 1988, George W. Bush worked for his father's successful presidential campaign. Afterward Bush purchased the [[Texas Rangers]] [[baseball]] franchise; under his ownership it would make the playoffs for the first time since the team began.<br />
<br />
==Governor of Texas==<br />
Bush declared his candidacy for Governor of Texas in 1994. He defeated incumbent [[Democrat]] Governor [[Ann Richards]] 53.5 percent to 45.9 percent. Bush advocated and signed the two largest tax cuts to date in Texas history, totaling over $3 billion.<ref>[http://www.lib.utexas.edu/taro/tslac/40078/tsl-40078.html An Introduction to Governor George W. Bush Records Located at the George W. Bush Presidential Library]</ref> He supported and signed legislation emphasizing local control of [[school]]s, higher standards, and a revised curriculum. Bush was easily reelected Governor in 1998.<br />
<br />
==2000 Presidential Campaign==<br />
{{Main|United States presidential election, 2000}}<br />
<br />
The Republican nominee for the 2000 Presidential nomination came down to Texas Governor George W. Bush and [[Arizona]] Senator [[John McCain]], a maverick Republican and ex-POW. Most social conservatives endorsed Bush. Despite early primary wins in [[New Hampshire]] and [[Michigan]] for McCain, Bush eventually won after sweeping 9 out of the 13 states on Super Tuesday. McCain withdrew in March after a bitter primary fight. Bush then chose former U.S. Defense Secretary [[Richard Cheney]] as his running mate. Vice President [[Al Gore]] was the Democratic nominee. Consumer Advocate [[Ralph Nader]], a strong supporter of [[environment]]al protection and critic of large corporations entered the race in the [[United States Green Party|green party]]. <br />
<br />
In a historically close race, Gore edged out Bush in the popular vote 48.4 percent to 47.9 percent. However, Bush won the majority of electoral votes, 271 to 266, because of Bush's victory in Florida, winning its 25 electoral votes that both candidates desperately needed. The race in Florida was so close that state law required a recount of the ballots. There were, however, thousands of thrown out ballots that were discredited because the counting machines could not discern them. After the machine recounts still showed Bush ahead, Gore asked for a hand recount of ballots in counties that favored Democrats. On November 26, Florida officials certified that Bush won the state of Florida by 537 votes. Gore conceded December 13.<br />
<br />
==2004 Reelection Campaign==<br />
{{Main|United States presidential election, 2004}}<br />
<br />
In President Bush's reelection campaign in 2004, [[national security]], the invasion of Iraq and social issues dominated the campaign. The Democrat nominee was [[Massachusetts]] Senator [[John Kerry]]. Bush won the popular vote, 51% to 48%. With 120 million Americans voting (15 million more than in 2000) Bush received more votes than any other presidential candidate in history. Among the swing states, Kerry took [[Pennsylvania]], [[New Hampshire]], [[Michigan]], [[Minnesota]], [[Wisconsin]] and [[Oregon]], while Bush took [[Ohio]], [[Florida]], [[Missouri]], [[Iowa]], [[Colorado]], [[New Mexico]], and [[Nevada]].<ref>[http://elections.nytimes.com/2008/results/president/map.html Election Results 2008], [[The New York Times]]</ref> <br />
<br />
Republicans also picked up seats in both chambers of [[Congress]].<br />
<br />
==Presidency (2001–2009)==<br />
<br />
In foreign and security areas, Bush's terms included the 9-11 terrorist attack, the passage of the Patriot Act, the invasion of Afghanistan (2001–present) and Iraq (2003-present), the expansion of NATO to the Russian border, financial aid to fight disease (especially AIDS) in Africa, and improved relations with India. The Iraq War was the focus of intense partisan debate. While Bush had numerous domestic policy goals during his 2000 presidential campaign, the 9/11 attacks and their aftermath caused him to abandon much of it.<ref>Milbank, Dana (September 2, 2004). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A54556-2004Sep1.html From His 'Great Goals' of 2000, President's Achievements Mixed]. ''The Washington Post''. Retrieved October 22, 2017.</ref><br />
<br />
The 2002 midterm election saw a GOP gain of seats in the House of Representatives and governorships, However, the 2006 elections showed sharp GOP losses across the board and loss of control of the House for the first time since its capture in 1994. He played a minor role in the 2008 election, which the GOP lost.<br />
<br />
In domestic legislation, he partnered with Sen. [[Ted Kennedy]] to pass the No Child Left Behind education act, and tried—but failed—to pass immigration reform. Early on he secured large-scale tax cuts, which helped the economic recovery in 2002. The boom (and later collapse) in real estate boosted the economy then pulled it down. Liberals criticized his handling of the 2005 Hurricane Katrina relief, and the dismissals of U.S. Attorneys for political reasons. His proposed "Vision for Space Exploration" went nowhere, and he failed to make headway in Social Security reform. His record of court nominations is mixed, having nominated some strong conservatives along with moderates and liberals. The Bush Administration became the most regulating Administration since the Nixon Administration.<ref name="Regulations"/><br />
<br />
The Iraq War had several negative consequences for the United States.<ref>Hayward, John (October 19, 2017). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2017/10/19/9-terrible-legacies-of-george-w-bush-and-the-iraq-war/ 9 Terrible Legacies of George W. Bush and the Iraq War]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 22, 2017.</ref> In 2019, conservative [[Trump Administration]] advisor [[Stephen Miller]] described Bush's liberal immigration policies as "an astonishing betrayal of the American people."<ref>Key, Pam (February 17, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/clips/2019/02/17/stephen-miller-george-w-bushs-immigration-record-astonishing-betrayal-of-american-people/ Stephen Miller: George W. Bush’s Immigration Record ‘Astonishing Betrayal’ of American People]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved February 18, 2019.</ref><ref>Samuels, Brett (February 17, 2019). [https://thehill.com/homenews/sunday-talk-shows/430391-stephen-miller-calls-george-w-bushs-immigration-record-astonishing Stephen Miller calls George W. Bush's immigration record 'astonishing betrayal' of American people]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved February 18, 2019.</ref><br />
<br />
===Administration and Cabinet===<br />
<br />
{| class="wikitable"<br />
|-<br />
! Office<br />
! Name<br />
! Term<br />
|-<br />
| [[President]]<br />
| George W. Bush<br />
| 2001–2009<br />
|-<br />
| [[Vice President of the United States|Vice President]]<br />
| [[Richard Cheney]]<br />
| 2001–2009<br />
|-<br />
| [[Secretary of State]]<br />
| [[Colin Powell]]<br />
| 2001–2005<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
| [[Condoleezza Rice]]<br />
| 2005–2009<br />
|-<br />
| [[Secretary of Treasury]]<br />
| [[Paul O'Neill]]<br />
| 2001–2002<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
| [[John W. Snow]]<br />
| 2003–2006<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
| [[Henry Paulson]]<br />
| 2006–2009<br />
|-<br />
| [[Secretary of Defense]]<br />
| [[Donald Rumsfeld]]<br />
| 2001–2006<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
| [[Robert Gates]]<br />
| 2006–2009<br />
|-<br />
| [[Attorney General]]<br />
| [[John Ashcroft]]<br />
| 2001–2005<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
| [[Alberto Gonzales]]<br />
| 2005–2007<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
| [[Michael Mukasey]]<br />
| 2007–2009<br />
|-<br />
| Secretary of the Interior<br />
| [[Gale Norton]]<br />
| 2001–2006<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
| [[Dirk Kempthorne]]<br />
| 2006–2009<br />
|-<br />
| Secretary of Agriculture<br />
| [[Ann Veneman]]<br />
| 2001–2005<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
| [[Mike Johanns]]<br />
| 2005–2007<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
| [[Ed Schafer]]<br />
| 2008–2009<br />
|-<br />
| Secretary of Commerce<br />
| [[Donald Evans]]<br />
| 2001–2005<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
| [[Carlos Gutierrez]]<br />
| 2005–2009<br />
|-<br />
| Secretary of Labor<br />
| [[Elaine Chao]]<br />
| 2001–2009<br />
|-<br />
| Secretary of Health and Human Services<br />
| [[Tommy Thompson]]<br />
| 2001–2005<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
| [[Michael Leavitt]]<br />
| 2005–2009<br />
|-<br />
| Secretary of Education<br />
| [[Rod Paige]]<br />
| 2001–2005<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
| [[Margaret Spellings]]<br />
| 2005–2009<br />
|-<br />
| Secretary of Housing and Urban Development<br />
| [[Mel Martinez]]<br />
| 2001–2003<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
| [[Alphonso Jackson]]<br />
| 2003–2008<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
| [[Steve Preston]]<br />
| 2008–2009<br />
|-<br />
| Secretary of Transportation<br />
| [[Norman Mineta]]<br />
| 2001–2006<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
| [[Mary Peters]]<br />
| 2006–2009<br />
|-<br />
| Secretary of Energy<br />
| [[Spencer Abraham]]<br />
| 2001–2005<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
| [[Samuel Bodman]]<br />
| 2005–2009<br />
|-<br />
| Secretary of Veterans Affairs<br />
| [[Anthony Principi]]<br />
| 2001–2005<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
| [[Jim Nicholson]]<br />
| 2005–2007<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
| [[James Peake]]<br />
| 2007–2009<br />
|-<br />
| Secretary of Homeland Security<br />
| [[Tom Ridge]]<br />
| 2003–2005<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
| [[Michael Chertoff]]<br />
| 2005–2009<br />
|-<br />
| Chief of Staff<br />
| [[Andrew Card]]<br />
| 2001–2006<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
| [[Joshua Bolten]]<br />
| 2006–2009<br />
|-<br />
| Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency<br />
| [[Christine Todd Whitman]]<br />
| 2001–2003<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
| [[Michael Leavitt]]<br />
| 2003–2005<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
| [[Stephen Johnson]]<br />
| 2005–2009<br />
|-<br />
| Director of the Office of Management and Budget<br />
| [[Mitch Daniels]]<br />
| 2001–2003<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
| Joshua Bolten<br />
| 2003–2006<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
| [[Rob Portman]]<br />
| 2006–2007<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
| [[Jim Nussle]]<br />
| 2007–2009<br />
|-<br />
| Director of the Office of National Drug Control Policy<br />
| [[John Walters]]<br />
| 2001–2009<br />
|-<br />
| United States Trade Representative<br />
| [[Robert Zoellick]]<br />
| 2001–2005<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
| Rob Portman<br />
| 2005–2006<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
| Susan Schwab<br />
| 2006–2009<br />
|-<br />
| [[CIA]] Director<br />
| [[George Tenet]]<br />
| 2001–2004<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
| [[John E. McLaughlin]]<br />
| 2004<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
| [[Porter J. Goss]]<br />
| 2004–2006<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
| [[Michael Hayden]]<br />
| 2006–2009<br />
|-<br />
| FBI Director<br />
| [[Louis Freeh]]<br />
| 2001<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
| [[Thomas J. Pickard]]<br />
| 2001<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
| [[Robert S. Mueller]]<br />
| 2001–2009<br />
|-<br />
| National Security Advisor<br />
| Condoleezza Rice<br />
| 2001–2005<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
| Stephen Hadley<br />
| 2005–2009<br />
|-<br />
| White House Counsel<br />
| Alberto R. Gonzales<br />
| 2001–2005<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
| [[Harriet Miers]]<br />
| 2005–2007<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
| [[Fred Fielding]]<br />
| 2007–2009<br />
|-<br />
| White House Press Secretary<br />
| [[Ari Fleischer]]<br />
| 2001–2003<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
| [[Scott McClellan]]<br />
| 2003–2006<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
| [[Tony Snow]]<br />
| 2006–2007<br />
|-<br />
| <br />
| [[Dana Perino]]<br />
| 2007–2009<br />
|-<br />
|}<br />
<br />
===Response to the 9-11 Terrorist Attacks===<br />
The September 11, 2001, Terrorist Attacks resulted in George W. Bush becoming a self-described wartime President. On that morning President Bush had traveled to Booker Elementary School in Sarasota, [[Florida]] to promote his [[education]]al agenda; when 19 Islamic terrorists connected with [[Al-Qaeda]] hijacked four commercial airplanes. Two of them crashed into the [[World Trade Center]] in [[New York City]], the third in [[The Pentagon]] in [[Washington, D.C.]] and the fourth in Somerset County, [[Pennsylvania]], after passengers of the flight successfully stopped the hijackers from hitting Washington D.C., possibly the [[White House]] or [[Capital]]. As a result, over 3,000 Americans were killed, and over 6,000 injured, the largest terrorist attack in American history. After [[White House]] Chief of Staff [[Andrew Card]] had whispered in the President's ear that the United States was under attack, President Bush addressed the public in the Booker school's media center, saying a brief four-paragraph statement that "Terrorism against our nation will not stand. This will not stand." Which was a formation that President George H. W. Bush used in August 1990 after [[Iraq]] invaded [[Kuwait]]. President Bush would later say that "This is my reminder of lives that ended, and a task that does not end. . . . I will not yield; I will not rest; I will not relent in waging this struggle for freedom and security for the American people." <br />
<br />
[[Image:20010912-4-1.jpg|left|thumb|300px|President George W. Bush, Secretary of State Colin Powell, Vice President [[Dick Cheney]] and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Hugh Shelton, talk with the press about the previous day's terrorist attacks during a cabinet meeting Sept. 12, 2001. White House photo by Tina Hager.]] Although the attacks may have been an attempt from Al-Qaeda to divide the United States, they were unsuccessful. Across the nation, Americans had donated blood and raised money for reconstruction in New York City. Within weeks, Americans had raised over one billion dollars.<ref>The American Vision from National Geographic, pg. 1033</ref> On September 14 President Bush declared a national emergency. [[CIA]] Director [[George Tenent]] and the FBI identified the attacks from Al-Qaeda and [[Osama Bin Laden]] in [[Afghanistan]]. As [[Secretary of State]] [[Colin Powell]] begin to build an international coalition with over 90 countries to support the United States global [[War on Terrorism]], [[Secretary of Defense]] [[Donald Rumsfeld]] began to redeploy troops and aircraft's to the [[Middle East]]. On September 24, President Bush issued an executive order freezing all funding of financial assets to individuals and groups suspected of terrorism, and over 80 other nations soon followed. Bush then established the Department of Homeland Security to coordinate federal agencies working to prevent terrorism. The President appointed [[Pennsylvania]] [[Governor]] [[Tom Ridge]] to the office. In October President Bush signed into law the U.S. [[Patriot Act]], which allowed authorities to obtain a signal nationwide search warrant that could be used anywhere on suspected terrorists. It also made it easier to wiretap terrorists and track their [[email]]. The mastermind of the 9/11 attacks—[[Khalid Sheikh Mohammed]] has been captured.<br />
<br />
On October 5, a new [[anthrax]] scare from terrorists began. Anthrax—a deadly bacteria—had been sent in the mail to news organizations in New York City and Washington, D.C. and [[United States Senate|Senate]] Majority Leader [[Tom Daschle]]'s office. The FBI investigated the anthrax attacks, although no suspects were identified.<br />
<br />
===War in Afghanistan===<br />
*''Main Article: [[Afghanistan War]] <br />
Afghanistan housed and protected al-Qaeda as it planned the 9-11 attacks. It then refused to turn over al-Qaeda leaders. With UN and NATO approval, Bush went to war to overthrow the Taliban. On October 7, 2001, he ordered the bombing of al-Qaeda's camps and the [[Taliban]]'s military forces in Afghanistan. "We will not waver, we will not tire, we will not falter, we will not fail, freedom will prevail", President Bush explained. The attack quickly shattered the [[Taliban]]'s defenses, and by early December the Taliban regime had collapsed. The United States, its allies and the UN then helped Afghanistan create a new government under [[Hamid Karzai]]. By March 2002, the Taliban and al-Qaeda were beginning to regroup again in the mountains of the [[Pakistan]] border. President Bush responded by launching Operation Anaconda, where Al-Qaeda troops were defeated. Al-Qaeda was largely destroyed, but the Taliban rebuilt using secure sanctuaries in Pakistan from which it launched terror attacks inside Afghanistan (and inside Pakistan as well).<ref>Fred Barnes, ''Rebel-in-Chief: Inside the Bold and Controversial Presidency of George W. Bush'' (2006); Seth Jones, ''In the Graveyard of Empires: America's War in Afghanistan'' (2009)</ref> <br />
<br />
As a candidate in 2008, Obama criticized Bush for neglecting Afghanistan, and tripled the number of American troops from 31,000 when Bush left office to over 100,000 in early 2010<br />
<br />
Republican George W. Bush liberated millions of Afghan women and girls from abuse and captivity,<ref>https://2001-2009.state.gov/g/drl/rls/6185.htm</ref> and was reviled by leftists; Democrat [[Joseph R. Biden]] returned Afghan women to servitude and won praise from his fellow leftists.<ref>https://www.nydailynews.com/opinion/ny-oped-afghanistan-what-weve-lost-to-the-taliban-20210814-27hxdykhfffuroq3rgwy5y2o3e-story.html</ref><br />
<br />
===2002 Mid-Term Elections===<br />
<br />
Democrats wanted the focus of the 2002 midterm elections to be on the [[economy]], which was growing slowly after the September 11th terrorist attacks. However, because Congress voted to authorize military force in Iraq in mid-October, national security was the top issue. Republicans increased their majority in the [[U.S. House of Representatives]] and took back control of the [[United States Senate]]. <br />
<br />
===2002-2003 build-up of the War in Iraq===<br />
In his famous January 2002 State of the Union speech, President Bush declared an "Axis of Evil" made up of [[Iraq]], [[Iran]], and [[North Korea]], countries that posed a grave threat to the world and were suspected of supporting terrorism. Considering it a more dangerous and urgent threat then North Korea, President Bush began putting pressure on Iraq throughout 2002 for a regime [[change]]. Iraq's dictator [[Saddam Hussein]] had used chemical weapons against Iran and the Kurds, an ethnic minority in Iraq. Considering that Iraq may have been building Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD's) and was a threat to the United States and its allies, On September 12, 2002 President Bush tried to gain U.N. support for a U.S. led invasion of Iraq and asked for a resolution that Iraq gave up its Weapons of Mass Destruction. While the U.N. Security Council approved a resolution that demanded Saddam Hussein declare all of its WMD's, stop supporting terrorism and oppressing his people, Congress authorized the use of military force against Iraq. The United States, [[Great Britain]] and about 30 other countries began to prepare for war.<br />
<br />
===Aftermath of the Invasion===<br />
[[Image:20031127_dsc2048-515h.jpg|Right|thumb|300px|President George W. Bush meets with troops and serves Thanksgiving Dinner at the Bob Hope Dining Facility, Baghdad International Airport, Iraq, Thursday, November 27, 2003. White House photo by Tina Hager.]] On March 23, 2003, U.S. led coalition forces began an attack on Iraq. Most of the Iraqi army dissolved and coalition forces quickly took control of the country. However, sectarian violence worsened through [[bomb]]ings and sniper attacks. On Thanksgiving 2003 President Bush and U.S. [[National Security Adviser]] [[Condoleezza Rice]] visited troops in Iraq to boost morale. Saddam Hussein was captured in December 2003 while little evidence had shown that he had obtained Weapons of Mass Destruction.<br />
<br />
On January 30, 2005, Iraq had its first general election since the liberation. They voted for a 275-member Iraqi National Assembly which later drafted a constitution. In December Iraq elected a permanent 275-member Council of Representatives. There were low levels of violence during the voting. In a showdown with Congressional Democrats after taking control of the [[U.S. House of Representatives]] and [[U.S. Senate|Senate]] in the 2006 Congressional Midterm elections, Democrats retreated on their pledge to end the [[Iraq War]] early and bring the troops home. Democrats had threatened to withhold funding for the troops unless a date certain for withdrawal was set. After the final vote, 280–142 in the House and 80–14 in the Senate, the anti-War movement was defeated. The deal cut with Democratic leaders in exchange for their acquiescing to fund the troops calls for the President to sign legislation raising the [[minimum wage]].<ref>[http://washingtontimes.com/national/20070525-122215-4854r.htm Congress OKs war bill sans time-line,] By S.A. Miller, [[The Washington Times]]'', May 25, 2007.</ref> One commentator remarked, "Despite all the talk of standing up to George W. Bush, despite all the bravado about taking control of Congress, despite the so-called mandate to change direction, Democrats caved....They claim that the majority of Americans are with them on the Iraq issue, but...President Bush, at the weakest moment of his presidency, still bested his Democratic rivals." <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20071010192457/http://www.newmediajournal.us/staff/phyrillas/05292007.htm Democrats Show True Colors], Tony Phyrillas, ''New Media journal'', May 29, 2007</ref><br />
<br />
===2007 Troop Surge===<br />
<br />
[[Image:20061228-1_p122706pm-0144-515h.jpg|Right|thumb|300px|President George W. Bush meets with National Security team, from left to right, Vice President Dick Cheney, Secretary of Defense Robert Gates, Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff General Peter Pace Thursday, Dec. 28, 2006, at Prairie Chapel Ranch in Crawford, Texas. White House photo by Paul Morse]]<br />
On January 23, 2007, President Bush ordered an additional 30,000 troops to Iraq. <br />
<br />
<blockquote>In order to make progress toward this goal, the Iraqi government must stop the sectarian violence in its capital. But the Iraqis are not yet ready to do this on their own. So we're deploying reinforcements of more than 20,000 additional soldiers and Marines to Iraq. The vast majority will go to Baghdad, where they will help Iraqi forces to clear and secure neighborhoods, and serve as advisers embedded in Iraqi Army units. With Iraqis in the lead, our forces will help secure the city by chasing down the terrorists, insurgents, and the roaming death squads. And in Anbar Province, where al Qaeda terrorists have gathered and local forces have begun showing a willingness to fight them, we're sending an additional 4,000 United States Marines, with orders to find the terrorists and clear them out.<ref>[https://www.cnn.com/2007/POLITICS/01/23/sotu.bush.transcript/index.html?iref=newssearch Bush: State of union is strong], [[CNN]]</ref></blockquote><br />
<br />
The surge was opposed by a majority of the United States Congress. However, it has resulted in significantly reduced sectarian violence. According to U.S. Central Command [[General]] [[David Petraeus]], violence in Iraq by December 2008 was at a 5-year low.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/topNews/idUSTRE4B86G720081209 Iraq violence at 5-1/2 year low, Petraeus says], [[Reuters]]</ref><br />
<br />
===Humanitarian aid===<br />
President Bush has worked to stop the spread of the [[HIV/AIDS]] epidemic in [[Africa]]. In the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) $15 billion over five years (2003–2008) was spent on fighting global HIV/AIDS and improving treatment.<br />
<br />
===Government regulations===<br />
The Bush Administration became the highest-regulating Administration since the Nixon Administration, enacting 3,595 regulations in 2007 alone, increasing the number of pages in the Federal Register to a record high of 78,090 in 2007, and increasing the amount of taxpayer dollars spent on enacting and enforcing regulations from $26.4 billion to an estimated $42.7.<ref name="Regulations">De Rugy, Veronique (January 2009). [https://web.archive.org/web/20090902085717/http://www.reason.com/news/show/130328.html Bush's Regulatory Kiss-Off]. ''Reason''. Retrieved October 22, 2017.</ref><br />
<br />
===Economy===<br />
<br />
Upon gaining office in 2001, Bush signed into law a $1.35 trillion cut in taxes over 10 years. The plan included the objectives of doubling the child tax credit from $500 to $1,000, reducing the tax penalty on [[marriage|married couples]] and fully repealing the [[Estate tax|tax on estates]]. A [[United States Senate]] Finance Committee Report estimated that with all the planned reductions fully phased in, the average family of four making $50,000 would save $1,825 per year.<ref>[http://archives.cnn.com/2001/ALLPOLITICS/06/07/bush.taxes/ $1.35 trillion tax cut becomes law], [[CNN]], 21 June 2001</ref><br />
<br />
[[Image:20080919-2_p091908jb-0025-1-515h.jpg|Right|thumb|300px|President George W. Bush stands with Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke, left, SEC Chairman Chris Cox, right, and Treasury Secretary Hank Paulson as he delivers a statement on the economy Friday, Sept. 19, 2008, in the Rose Garden. White House photo by Joyce N. Boghosian]] Since the tax cuts, IRS revenues increased from $1.78 trillion in 2003 to $2.56 trillion in 2007 with a 46.3% increase of individual income tax receipts. Surging $785 billion since the 2003 investment tax cuts, it is the largest four-year revenue increase in U.S. history<ref>[http://online.wsj.com/article/SB119189497675953035.html?mod=googlenews_wsj The Shrinking Deficit], [[Wall Street Journal]]</ref><br />
<br />
During this same time period, spending mandated by Congress has also increased by more than 29% in inflation-adjusted dollars, representing an 11.4% increase in federal spending as a percentage of [[Gross domestic product|GDP]]. This spending has doubled the federal debt, increasing it from 58% to 66% of GDP. Defense spending increased 61%, and non-defense by 23% during the eight years since 2000. The largest non-defense spending increase has been for federally-funded medical expenses, at 54 percent.<ref>[http://www.aier.org/research/commentaries/750-big-government-under-the-bush-administration Big Government Under The Bush Administration], AIER, 16 November 2008</ref> In total, Bush has increased government expenditures by the largest percentage of any president since Lyndon Johnson.<ref>[http://www.tampabay.com/news/politics/national/article944806.ece Some think Bush was too liberal], Wes Allison, Tampa Bay Times December 21, 2008 quoting Gleaves Whitney, director of the Hauenstein Center for Presidential Studies at Grand Valley State University and author of a new paper, "Anatomy of a Divorce: Conservatives versus George W. Bush."</ref> <br />
<br />
Bush presided over a period of unreal economic growth that reflected a bubble that burst in 2008. The [[housing bubble]] allowed people to cash in the rising value of houses; low-interest rates that led to massive borrowing. Money flowed into the U.S. from around the world. The stock market that hit a record high in 2007, then plunged relentlessly downward, losing $8 trillion in value in 2008. Unemployment hit an all-time low in March 2007 but started rapidly increasing after January 2008. Bush signed into law a minimum wage increase, one of the platforms for the Democrats in the 2006 Congressional elections, after the House and Senate included Bush's request of provisions for small-business tax breaks.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/12/20/AR2006122001784.html Bush Supports Democrats' Minimum Wage Hike Plan], [[Washington Post]]</ref><ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/01/10/AR2007011001666.html House Passes Increase in Minimum Wage to $7.25], [[Washington Post]]</ref> Tax policies have been favorable to reducing the [[Capital Gains Tax]], with a subsequent surge in investment.<br />
<br />
See [[Financial Crisis of 2008]] and [[Recession of 2008]],<br />
<br />
The [[socialist]] [[Fair Minimum Wage Act of 2007]] was signed by Bush into law on April 25, 2009, as a rider to the U.S. Troop Readiness, Veterans' Care, Katrina Recovery, and Iraq Accountability Appropriations Act, 2007, despite conservative opposition.<ref>[https://www.americanthinker.com/2007/01/opposing_minimum_wage_hike_is_1.html Opposing Minimum Wage Hike Is Bad Politics], [[American Thinker]]</ref> This measure hurt businesses and decreased America's competitiveness in the global marketplace.<br />
<br />
===Supreme Court Appointments===<br />
[[Image:Bush Oval Office 3.jpg|thumb|200px|right|President George W. Bush at the Oval office. South-facing windows.]]<br />
After the death of Chief Justice [[William Rehnquist]], President Bush nominated U.S. Court of Appeals Judge [[John Roberts]] to fill the vacancy. He was confirmed on September 29, 2005, by a 78–22 vote. To replace the retiring Associate Justice [[Sandra Day O'Connor]] Bush nominated Judge [[Samuel Alito]], after his original nomination of Chief White House Council [[Harriet Miers]] was withdrawn because of widespread opposition due to lack of experience. After an unsuccessful filibuster attempt from [[United States Senate|Senate]] [[liberal]]s, Alito was confirmed on a 58–42 vote and was sworn in on January 31, 2006.<ref>[https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5181091 Alito Confirmed as Newest Supreme Court Justice], [[NPR]]</ref><br />
<br />
===Involvement in the 2008 Presidential election===<br />
In March 2008, Bush endorsed his one-time rival [[John McCain]] as the Republican candidate for President of the United States. However, due to the President's declining popularity in polls, McCain distanced himself from Mr. Bush on the campaign trail. Bush had the lowest approval rating (30%) of any president at their time of leaving office since the end of World War II, except Nixon.<ref>[http://online.wsj.com/public/resources/documents/info-presapp0605-31.html Presidential Approval Ratings History], [[Wall Street Journal]]</ref> At the same time, Democrat candidate [[Barack Obama]] tried to portray a McCain presidency as four more years of George W. Bush. The President spoke by videolink at the 2008 [[Republican National Convention]], while his wife Laura appeared on stage with McCain's wife [[Cindy McCain|Cindy]].<br />
[[Image:George Laura Bush2008.jpg|thumb|left|300px|President George W. Bush and Mrs. Laura Bush pose for their last official holiday portrait, Dec. 7, 2008, in the Blue Room of the White House.]]<br />
<br />
==Post-presidency==<br />
John McCain lost the election to Senator Obama, and President Bush met with the new president-elect to discuss the presidential transition between his administration and Obama's, which he promised would be efficient and without problems. George W. Bush's term ended at noon on January 20, 2009, at which point President-elect Obama was inaugurated. In an interview with ABC's [[Charles Gibson]] in December 2008, Bush said his retirement plans included moving back to his home state of Texas and writing a book. He later released his memoir "Decision Points." He also wants to build an institute at the Southern Methodist University to serve as a non-partisan public policy forum, to debate issues and run volunteer projects from.<br />
<br />
===Decision Points===<br />
''Decision Points'' is a memoir written by Bush and was released on November 9, 2010. Bush also went on a national tour after releasing his book. After two months, the book sold very well, surpassing two million copies sold.<br />
<br />
The book is 481 pages long and is broken into 14 chapters, with the first two being about Bush before his presidency, covering events such as when he quit drinking alcohol and was governor of [[Texas]]. The remaining twelve are about events during his presidency, such as the War on Terror, the September 11, 2001, attacks, and Hurricane Katrina.<br />
<br />
===Opposition to Donald Trump===<br />
[[File:Trade-deficit.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Growth of the trade deficit, i.e. exfiltration of American wealth, since [[China]] was granted [[tariff]]-free [[Most Favored Nation]] trade status in 2002.]]<br />
During and after the [[United States presidential election, 2016|2016 presidential election]], Bush became known for his opposition to conservative businessman and U.S. President [[Donald Trump]].<ref>Cohn, Alicia (November 4, 2017). [https://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/news/358745-george-w-bush-im-worried-that-i-will-be-the-last-republican George W. Bush: ‘I’m worried that I will be the last Republican president’]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved November 4, 2017.</ref> Bush supported his brother, [[Jeb Bush]], for the Republican nomination in 2016. Trump strongly criticized both Bushes in the primaries, primarily Jeb. Trump won the Republican nomination, but Bush did not vote for Trump or [[Hillary Clinton]] in the general election.<ref>Lee, Kurtis (November 8, 2016). [https://www.latimes.com/nation/politics/trailguide/la-na-election-day-2016-1478647604-htmlstory.html Former President George W. Bush Didn't Vote for Donald Trump]. ''Los Angeles Times''. Retrieved November 10, 2016.</ref><br />
<br />
Bush went out of his way to avoid criticizing President Obama during his entire tenure,<ref name="IngrahamFeb2018">[https://video.foxnews.com/v/5729616306001/?#sp=show-clips Ingraham: Bush and the global elites strike back]. ''Fox News Video''. February 8, 2018. Retrieved February 9, 2018.</ref> with the first time he reportedly criticized Obama being at a closed-door event in April 2015.<ref>Campbell, Colin (April 27, 2015). [https://www.businessinsider.com/george-w-bush-just-sharply-criticized-obama-for-the-first-time-2015-4 George W. Bush just sharply criticized Obama for the first time]. ''Business Insider''. Retrieved February 9, 2018.</ref> Despite this, Trump's presidency was only a month old when Bush attacked him for the first time.<ref>Riddell, Kelly (February 27, 2017). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2017/feb/27/bush-undercuts-trump-after-staying-silent-on-obama/ Bush undercuts Trump a month into presidency after staying silent on Obama for 8 years]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved February 9, 2018.</ref><ref>Flood, Brian (February 27, 2018). [https://www.thewrap.com/george-w-bush-didnt-criticize-obama-for-8-years-but-turned-on-trump-in-a-month/ George W Bush Didn’t Criticize Obama for 8 Years – But Turned on Trump in a Month]. ''The Wrap''. Retrieved February 9, 2018.</ref><br />
<br />
On October 19, 2017, Bush gave a speech at a Bush Institute's Spirit of Liberty event in New York (at exactly the same location where President Obama criticized the Trump Administration the previous month), and he criticized President Trump and his policies as "nativist," though he did not call them out by name. He stated his support for globalism, free trade, and neoconservatism, stating that "we cannot wish globalism away."<ref>Multiple references:<br />
*Spiering, Charlie (October 19, 2017). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2017/10/19/george-w-bush-emerges-bash-trump-nativism-cannot-wish-globalism-away/ George W. Bush Emerges to Bash Trump, ‘Nativism’: ‘We Cannot Wish Globalism Away’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 19, 2017.<br />
*Dovere, Edward-Isaac (October 19, 2017). [https://www.politico.com/story/2017/10/19/george-w-bush-trumpism-243945 George W. Bush slams Trumpism, without mentioning president by name]. ''Politico''. Retrieved October 19, 2017.<br />
*Shawn, Eric (October 19, 2017). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2017/10/19/george-w-bush-says-bigotry-or-white-supremacy-in-any-form-is-blasphemy.html George W. Bush says bigotry or white supremacy in any form is 'blasphemy']. ''Fox News''. Retrieved February 9, 2018.<br />
*Mansour, Rebecca (October 21, 2017). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2017/10/21/mansour-13-clueless-lowlights-george-w-bushs-trump-bashing-speech/ Mansour: 13 Clueless Lowlights from George W. Bush’s Trump-bashing Speech]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 23, 2017.<br />
See also:<br />
*Pollak, Joel B. (October 20, 2017). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2017/10/20/blue-state-blues-george-w-bushs-divisive-call-for-unity-against-trump/ Blue State Blues: George W. Bush’s Divisive Call for Unity Against Trump]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 20, 2017.<br />
*Mansour, Rebecca (October 19, 2017). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2017/10/19/mansour-five-reasons-george-w-bush-new-jimmy-carter/ Mansour: Five Reasons Why George W. Bush Is the New Jimmy Carter]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 22, 2017.</ref> Bush reportedly was expecting people to connect his speech to criticizing Trump when he drafted it.<ref>Chaitin, Daniel (October 19, 2017). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/george-w-bush-personally-tailored-speech-seen-as-implicit-rebuke-of-trump-report/article/2638127 George W. Bush personally tailored speech seen as implicit rebuke of Trump: Report]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved October 20, 2017.</ref> Bush's approval rating among Democrats rose to 51%, likely due to his opposition to President Trump, an amazing rating considering how unpopular he was among the Left when he left office.<ref>Hashmi, Siraj (October 27, 2017). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/democratic-love-for-george-w-bush-proves-politics-is-americas-most-popular-sport/article/2638835 Democratic love for George W. Bush proves politics is America's most popular sport]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved October 27, 2017.</ref><br />
<br />
On February 8, 2018, speaking in [[Abu Dhabi]] in the [[United Arab Emirates]], Bush again criticized President Trump,<ref name="IngrahamFeb2018"/> claiming that "there's pretty clear evidence" that Russia interfered in the 2016 presidential election,<ref>Multiple references:<br />
*Hjelmgaard, Kim (February 8, 2018). [https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2018/02/08/george-w-bush-clear-evidence-russians-meddled-election/318620002/ George W. Bush: 'Clear evidence Russians meddled' in election]. ''USA Today''. Retrieved February 9, 2018.<br />
*[https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/02/08/george-w-bush-says-theres-pretty-clear-evidence-russia-meddled-in-2016-us-election.html George W. Bush says 'there's pretty clear evidence' Russia meddled in 2016 US election]. ''Fox News'' (from the ''Associated Press''). February 8, 2018. Retrieved February 9, 2018.</ref> and he criticized Trump's America First immigration policy, saying that "we ought to say thank you and welcome [legal and illegal immigrants]" into the country.<ref>Multiple references:<br />
*Binder, John (February 8, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/02/08/george-w-bush-praises-mass-immigration-we-ought-to-say-thank-you-and-welcome-them/ George W. Bush Praises Cheap Labor Immigration: ‘We Ought to Say Thank You and Welcome Them’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved February 9, 2018.<br />
*Anapol, Avery (February 8, 2018). [https://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/372882-george-w-bush-on-immigrants-we-ought-to-say-thank-you-and-welcome George W. Bush on immigrants: 'We ought to say thank you and welcome them']. ''The Hill''. Retrieved February 9, 2018.</ref> In May 2018, Bush again endorsed globalist policies, speaking against "dangers of isolationism" among other issues at a globalist Atlantic Council event.<ref>Lawler, David (May 10, 2018). [https://www.axios.com/george-w-bush-warns-against-isolationism-ff2d0509-9ec9-4491-a4d6-7057ddf8a827.html George W. Bush warns of “dangers of isolationism” in impassioned speech]. ''Axios''. Retrieved May 10, 2018.</ref><ref>Delk, Josh (May 10, 2018). [https://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/387209-george-w-bush-urges-moral-practical-spending-on-global-interests George W. Bush urges ‘moral, practical’ spending on global interests]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved May 10, 2018.<br />
See also:<br />
*Chaitin, Daniel (May 12, 2018). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/george-w-bush-flubs-winston-churchill-quote George W. Bush flubs Winston Churchill quote]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved May 12, 2018.</ref> In July 2018, Bush said he was "disturbed by the debate that’s taking place" on immigration under Trump.<ref>Binder, John (July 12, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/07/12/george-w-bush-im-disturbed-by-immigration-debate-taking-place/ George W Bush: ‘I’m Disturbed’ by Immigration ‘Debate Taking Place’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved July 12, 2018.</ref> Bush continued voicing [[neocon]] opinions and criticized President Trump's [[America First]] policies.<ref>Binder, John (October 16, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2019/10/16/report-george-w-bush-trumps-isolationist-america-is-dangerous-for-global-peace/ Report–George W. Bush: Trump’s ‘Isolationist’ America Is ‘Dangerous’ for Global Peace]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 17, 2019.</ref><br />
<br />
== Family ==<br />
George W. Bush is the son of [[George H. W. Bush]], who served as vice-president from 1981 to 1989 and as president from 1989 to 1993, and [[Barbara Bush]]. President Bush is married to [[Laura Bush|Laura Welch Bush]], a former teacher and librarian, and they have twin daughters, Barbara and Jenna. John Ellis "Jeb" Bush, Neil Bush and Marvin Bush are his brothers. Dorothy Bush Koch is his only surviving sister, as Pauline Robinson Bush died at age four of [[leukemia]].<br />
<br />
Bush's daughters developed [[liberal]] political views, refusing to affiliate with the Republican Party for ideological reasons<ref>Chumley, Cheryl K. (September 5, 2014). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2014/sep/5/bush-daughters-decline-republican-label-were-both-/ Bush daughters decline Republican label: ‘We’re both very independent’]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved October 29, 2017.</ref> and supporting<ref>Viebeck, Elise (October 3, 2016). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/powerpost/wp/2016/10/03/another-bush-voting-for-clinton-barbara-jr-spotted-at-paris-fundraiser/ Another Bush voting for Clinton? Barbara (Jr.) spotted at Paris fundraiser]. ''The Washington Post''. Retrieved October 29, 2017.</ref><ref>Merica, Dan (October 3, 2016). [https://www.cnn.com/2016/10/02/politics/barbara-bush-hillary-clinton-fundraiser-huma-abedin/index.html George W. Bush's daughter attends Clinton fundraiser in Paris]. ''CNN''. Retrieved October 29, 2017.</ref> and voting for<ref>[http://nytlive.nytimes.com/womenintheworld/2017/10/20/barbara-bush-confirms-she-voted-for-hillary-clinton/ Barbara Bush confirms she voted for Hillary Clinton]. ''Women in the World -- The New York Times''. October 20, 2017. Retrieved October 29, 2017.</ref> the left-wing [[globalist]] [[Hillary Clinton]] in the 2016 presidential election over conservative [[Donald Trump]].<br />
<br />
==Faith==<br />
<br />
George W. Bush is a member of the [[United Methodist Church]], and most people feel that George W. Bush's faith is sincere and profound. ''The Faith of George W. Bush'', a non-political book by author Stephen Strang, made the [[New York Times]] best-sellers list.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080205042903/http://www.christianlifemissions.org/ministries/georgewbush.htm The Faith of George W. Bush]</ref> <br />
When asked where he would be without the influence of family friend [[Billy Graham]], George W. Bush said "I wouldn't be president." "It was just a conversation," said the younger Bush about a talk with Graham in the mid-'80s that changed his life. During the pivotal conversation Bush recalled saying, "'You know, Billy, I'm longing for something.' And I know that he sent me a Bible I still have. All I can tell you is that as a result of being inspired by Billy Graham, I started reading the Bible and shortly after, I quit drinking." <ref>[https://abcnews.go.com/2020/story?id=3456729 Leaders, Faith and a Friendship], [[ABC News]]</ref> Bush's faith led him to veto a bill which would have provided for [[federal funding]] of immoral embryonic stem cell research.<br />
<br />
In an interview with ABC's "Nightline" on 12/8/08, the president also said he probably is not a literalist when reading the Bible although an individual can learn a great deal from it, including the New Testament teaching that [[God]] sent his only son.<br />
<br />
During his presidential career, George W Bush often consulted God when making important decisions. For example, Nabil Shaath, who was Palestinian foreign minister at the time, reported that President Bush said that God told him 'George go and fight these terrorists in Afghanistan' and 'George, go and end the tyranny in Iraq'.<ref>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2005/oct/07/iraq.usa George Bush: 'God told me to end the tyranny in Iraq' ], [[London Guardian]]</ref><br />
Asked about creation and evolution, Bush said: "I think you can have both. I think evolution can -- you're getting me way out of my lane here. I'm just a simple president. But it's, I think that God created the earth, created the world; I think the creation of the world is so mysterious it requires something as large as an almighty and I don't think it's incompatible with the scientific proof that there is evolution."<ref>[https://abcnews.go.com/print?id=6418908 Excerpts: Cynthia McFadden Interviews President George W. Bush], [[ABC News]]</ref><ref>[https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2008/12/09/bush-says-creation-incompatible-evolution/ Bush Says Creation 'Not Incompatible' With Evolution], [[Fox News]]</ref><ref>[http://blogs.cbn.com/thebrodyfile/archive/2008/12/10/president-bush-asked-if-bible-is-literally-true-probably-not.aspx President Bush Asked if Bible is Literally True: "Probably Not"], [[CBN]]</ref> <br />
He added:<br />
{{cquote|<big><big>'''''I happen to believe that evolution doesn't fully explain the mystery of life.'''''</big>}}<br />
<br />
[[File:Evergreen-chapel-tree-of-knowledge.jpg|thumb|left|Evergreen Chapel at Camp David]]<br />
While President, Bush worshiped regularly at the Evergreen Chapel at Camp David.<br />
<br />
==Polls==<br />
When Bush entered office, his popularity rating was near 50%. However, after the [[September 11]] attacks, his popularity rose significantly, reaching an all-time high of 90%.<ref>[http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/washington/2007-07-09-bush-poll_N.htm Poll: Bush approval drops to low of 29%], [[USA Today]]</ref> Since, then, though, it declined as some of his policies have become unpopular (largely due to the media's persistently negative—and [[liberal bias|biased]]—reporting on the [[Iraq War]] and misrepresentation of his policies).<ref>[http://www.hist.umn.edu/~ruggles/Approval.htm Historical Bush Approval Ratings from University of Minnesota]</ref> In 2007, Bush had an approval rating of only 24%.<ref name=elevenpercent>[https://www.reuters.com/article/2007/10/17/us-usa-politics-poll-idUSN1624620720071017 Voters unhappy with Bush and Congress], [[Reuters]], October 17, 2007</ref> The same poll gave the Democratic controlled Congress an approval rating of only 11%.<ref name=elevenpercent /><br />
<br />
After leaving office, Bush's approval ratings increased again, reaching 45% by 2017.<ref>Bedard, Paul (September 11, 2017). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/bush-is-back-nears-911-popularity-in-huge-poll-swing/article/2634015 Bush is back, nears 9/11 popularity in huge poll swing]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved September 11, 2017.</ref><br />
<br />
== Farewell Speech ==<br />
*''Delivered January 15, 2009 at the White House. His audience in the East Room included family, friends, Cabinet and some selected Americans President Bush had met in his eight years in office.''<br />
<br />
'''<small>Fellow citizens: For eight years, it has been my honor to serve as your President. The first decade of this new century has been a period of consequence – a time set apart. Tonight, with a thankful heart, I have asked for a final opportunity to share some thoughts on the journey we have traveled together and the future of our Nation.'''<br />
<br />
[[Image:BushSpeech.jpg|Right|thumb|300px|President George W. Bush reaches into the audience to shake hands with invited guests and staff members following his farewell address to the nation Thursday evening, Jan. 15, 2009 in the East Room of the White House, where President Bush thanked the American people for their support and trust. White House photo by Joyce N. Boghosian]] '''Five days from now, the world will witness the vitality of American democracy. In a tradition dating back to our founding, the presidency will pass to a successor chosen by you, the American people. Standing on the steps of the Capitol will be a man whose story reflects the enduring promise of our land. This is a moment of hope and pride for our whole Nation. And I join all Americans in offering best wishes to President-elect Obama, his wife Michelle, and their two beautiful girls.''' <br />
<br />
'''Tonight I am filled with gratitude – to Vice President Cheney and members of the Administration; to Laura, who brought joy to this house and love to my life; to our wonderful daughters, Barbara and Jenna; to my parents, whose examples have provided strength for a lifetime. And above all, I thank the American people for the trust you have given me. I thank you for ....'''<br />
<br />
'''...the prayers that have lifted my spirits. And I thank you for the countless acts of courage, generosity, and grace that I have witnessed these past eight years. ''' <br />
<br />
'''This evening, my thoughts return to the first night I addressed you from this house – September 11, 2001. That morning, terrorists took nearly 3,000 lives in the worst attack on America since Pearl Harbor. I remember standing in the rubble of the World Trade Center three days later, surrounded by rescuers who had been working around the clock.''' <br />
<br />
'''I remember talking to brave souls who charged through smoke-filled corridors at the Pentagon and to husbands and wives whose loved ones became heroes aboard Flight 93. I remember Arlene Howard, who gave me her fallen son's police shield as a reminder of all that was lost. And I still carry his badge.''' <br />
<br />
'''As the years passed, most Americans were able to return to life much as it had been before Nine-Eleven. But I never did. Every morning, I received a briefing on the threats to our Nation. And I vowed to do everything in my power to keep us safe.'''<br />
<br />
'''Over the past seven years, a new Department of Homeland Security has been created. The military, the [[intelligence community]], and the FBI have been transformed. Our Nation is equipped with new tools to monitor the terrorists’ movements, freeze their finances, and break up their plots. And with strong allies at our side, we have taken the fight to the terrorists and those who support them.''' <br />
<br />
'''Afghanistan has gone from a nation where the Taliban harbored al Qaeda and stoned women in the streets to a young democracy that is fighting terror and encouraging girls to go to school. Iraq has gone from a brutal dictatorship and a sworn enemy of America to an Arab democracy at the heart of the Middle East and a friend of the United States.'''<br />
<br />
'''There is legitimate debate about many of these decisions. But there can be little debate about the results. America has gone more than seven years without another terrorist attack on our soil. This is a tribute to those who toil day and night to keep us safe – law enforcement officers, intelligence analysts, homeland security and diplomatic personnel, and the men and women of the United States Armed Forces.''' <br />
<br />
'''Our Nation is blessed to have citizens who volunteer to defend us in this time of danger. I have cherished meeting these selfless patriots and their families. America owes you a debt of gratitude. And to all our men and women in uniform listening tonight: There has been no higher honor than serving as your Commander in Chief.'''<br />
<br />
'''The battles waged by our troops are part of a broader struggle between two dramatically different systems. Under one, a small band of fanatics demands total obedience to an oppressive ideology, condemns women to subservience, and marks unbelievers for murder. The other system is based on the conviction that freedom is the universal gift of Almighty God and that liberty and justice light the path to peace.''' <br />
<br />
'''This is the belief that gave birth to our Nation. And in the long run, advancing this belief is the only practical way to protect our citizens. When people live in freedom, they do not willingly choose leaders who pursue campaigns of terror. When people have hope in the future, they will not cede their lives to violence and extremism.''' <br />
<br />
'''So around the world, America is promoting human liberty, human rights, and human dignity. We are standing with dissidents and young democracies, providing AIDS medicine to bring dying patients back to life, and sparing mothers and babies from malaria. And this great republic born alone in liberty is leading the world toward a new age when freedom belongs to all nations.''' <br />
<br />
'''For eight years, we have also strived to expand opportunity and hope here at home. Across our country, students are rising to meet higher standards in public schools. A new Medicare prescription drug benefit is bringing peace of mind to seniors and the disabled. Every taxpayer pays lower income taxes.''' <br />
<br />
'''The addicted and suffering are finding new hope through faith-based programs. Vulnerable human life is better protected. Funding for our veterans has nearly doubled. America's air, water, and lands are measurably cleaner. And the Federal bench includes wise new members like Justice Sam Alito and Chief Justice John Roberts.''' <br />
<br />
'''When challenges to our prosperity emerged, we rose to meet them. Facing the prospect of a financial collapse, we took decisive measures to safeguard our economy. These are very tough times for hardworking families, but the toll would be far worse if we had not acted. All Americans are in this together. And together, with determination and hard work, we will restore our economy to the path of growth. We will show the world once again the resilience of America's free enterprise system.'''<br />
<br />
'''Like all who have held this office before me, I have experienced setbacks. There are things I would do differently if given the chance. Yet I have always acted with the best interests of our country in mind. I have followed my conscience and done what I thought was right. You may not agree with some tough decisions I have made. But I hope you can agree that I was willing to make the tough decisions.'''<br />
<br />
'''The decades ahead will bring more hard choices for our country, and there are some guiding principles that should shape our course.''' <br />
<br />
'''While our Nation is safer than it was seven years ago, the gravest threat to our people remains another terrorist attack. Our enemies are patient and determined to strike again. America did nothing to seek or deserve this conflict. But we have been given solemn responsibilities, and we must meet them. We must resist complacency. We must keep our resolve. And we must never let down our guard.''' <br />
<br />
'''At the same time, we must continue to engage the world with confidence and clear purpose. In the face of threats from abroad, it can be tempting to seek comfort by turning inward. But we must reject isolationism and its companion, protectionism. Retreating behind our borders would only invite danger. In the 21st century, security and prosperity at home depend on the expansion of liberty abroad. If America does not lead the cause of freedom, that cause will not be led.'''<br />
<br />
'''As we address these challenges – and others we cannot foresee tonight – America must maintain our moral clarity. I have often spoken to you about good and evil. This has made some uncomfortable. But good and evil are present in this world, and between the two there can be no compromise. Murdering the innocent to advance an ideology is wrong every time, everywhere.''' <br />
<br />
'''Freeing people from oppression and despair is eternally right. This Nation must continue to speak out for justice and truth. We must always be willing to act in their defense and to advance the cause of peace.'''<br />
<br />
'''President Thomas Jefferson once wrote, “I like the dreams of the future better than the history of the past.” As I leave the house he occupied two centuries ago, I share that optimism. America is a young country, full of vitality, constantly growing and renewing itself. And even in the toughest times, we lift our eyes to the broad horizon ahead.''' <br />
<br />
'''I have confidence in the promise of America because I know the character of our people. This is a Nation that inspires immigrants to risk everything for the dream of freedom. This is a Nation where citizens show calm in times of danger and compassion in the face of suffering. We see examples of America's character all around us. And Laura and I have invited some of them to join us in the White House this evening.''' <br />
<br />
'''We see America's character in Dr. Tony Recasner, a principal who opened a new charter school from the ruins of Hurricane Katrina. We see it in Julio Medina, a former inmate who leads a faith-based program to help prisoners returning to society. We see it in Staff Sergeant Aubrey McDade, who charged into an ambush in Iraq and rescued three of his fellow Marines.''' <br />
<br />
'''We see America's character in Bill Krissoff, a surgeon from California. His son Nathan, a Marine, gave his life in Iraq. When I met Dr. Krissoff and his family, he delivered some surprising news: He told me he wanted to join the Navy Medical Corps in honor of his son. This good man was 60 years old – 18 years above the age limit.''' <br />
<br />
'''But his petition for a waiver was granted, and for the past year he has trained in battlefield medicine. Lieutenant Commander Krissoff could not be here tonight, because he will soon deploy to Iraq, where he will help save America's wounded warriors and uphold the legacy of his fallen son.'''<br />
<br />
'''In citizens like these, we see the best of our country – resilient and hopeful, caring and strong. These virtues give me an unshakable faith in America. We have faced danger and trial, and there is more ahead. But with the courage of our people and confidence in our ideals, this great Nation will never tire ... never falter ... and never fail.'''<br />
<br />
'''It has been the privilege of a lifetime to serve as your President. There have been good days and tough days. But every day I have been inspired by the greatness of our country and uplifted by the goodness of our people. I have been blessed to represent this Nation we love. And I will always be honored to carry a title that means more to me than any other: citizen of the United States of America.''' <br />
<br />
'''And so, my fellow Americans, for the final time: Good night. May God bless this house and our next President. And may God bless you and our wonderful country."'''</small><br />
<br />
==Quotes==<br />
* ''"Everywhere that freedom stirs, let tyrants fear."''<br />
* ''"In contrast, Russian elections are rigged. Political opponents are imprisoned or otherwise eliminated from participating in the electoral process. The result is an absence of checks and balances in Russia, and the decision of one man to launch a wholly unjustified and brutal invasion of Iraq — I mean, of Ukraine. Iraq. Anyway.''<ref>https://therightscoop.com/watch-george-w-bush-just-made-the-gaffe-of-a-lifetime/</ref><br />
<br />
==Publications==<br />
* [https://www.amazon.com/Decision-Points-George-W-Bush/dp/0307590615/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1279195424&sr=8-1 Decision Points by George W. Bush], released November 9, 2010. ISBN 0307590615<br />
<br />
==Further reading==<br />
;Academic<br />
* Abramson, Paul R., John H. Aldrich, and David W. Rohde. ''Change and Continuity in the 2004 and 2006 Elections'' (2007), 324pp [https://www.amazon.com/Change-Continuity-2004-2006-Elections/dp/0872894150/ref=pd_bbs_sr_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1206001659&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]<br />
* Allard, Scott W. "The Changing Face of Welfare During the Bush Administration." ''Publius'' 2007 37(3): 304–332. Issn: 0048-5950 <br />
* Barone, Michael. ''The Almanac of American Politics'' (2004, 2006, 2008, 2010), highly detailed coverage of electoral politics and Congress.<br />
* Berggren, D. Jason, and Nicol C. Rae. "Jimmy Carter and George W. Bush: Faith, Foreign Policy, and an Evangelical Presidential Style." ''Presidential Studies Quarterly.'' 36#4 2006. pp 606+. [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5018322436 online edition]<br />
* Campbell, Colin, Bert A. Rockman, and Andrew Rudalevige, eds.. ''The George W. Bush Legacy'' Congressional Quarterly Press, 2007, 352pp; 14 essays by scholars [https://www.amazon.com/George-W-Bush-Legacy/dp/0872893464/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1206001536&sr=1-1 excerpts and online search from Amazon.com]<br />
* Congressional Quarterly. ''CQ Almanac Plus'' highly detailed annual compilation of events in Congress, White House, Supreme Court, summarizing the weekly "Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report". (annual, 2002-2009) <br />
* Conlan, Tim and John Dinan. "Federalism, the Bush Administration, and the Transformation of American Conservatism." ''Publius'' 2007 37(3): 279–303. Issn: 0048-5950 <br />
* Corrado, Anthony, E. J. Dionne Jr., Kathleen A. Frankovic. ''The Election of 2000: Reports and Interpretations'' (2001) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=99208680 online edition]<br />
* Daynes, Byron W. and Glen Sussman. "Comparing the Environmental Policies of Presidents George H. W. Bush and George W. Bush." ''White House Studies'' 2007 7(2): 163–179. Issn: 1535-4738 <br />
* Desch, Michael C. "Bush and the Generals." ''Foreign Affairs'' 2007 86(3): 97-108. Issn: 0015-7120 Fulltext: [[Ebsco]]<br />
* Eckersley, Robyn. "Ambushed: the Kyoto Protocol, the Bush Administration's Climate Policy and the Erosion of Legitimacy." ''International Politics'' 2007 44(2-3): 306–324. Issn: 1384-5748 <br />
* Edwards III, George C. and Philip John Davies, eds. ''New Challenges for the American Presidency'' New York: Pearson Longman, 2004. 245 pp. articles from ''Presidential Studies Quarterly''<br />
* Edwards III, George C. and Desmond King, eds. ''The Polarized Presidency of George W. Bush'' (2007), 478pp; essays by scholars; [https://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/0199217971/ref=sib_dp_pt/103-4827826-5463040#reader-link excerpt and online search from Amazon.com]<br />
* Fortier, John C. and Norman J. Ornstein, eds. ''Second-term Blues: How George W. Bush Has Governed'' (2007), 146pp [https://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/0815728840/ref=sib_dp_pt/103-4827826-5463040#reader-link excerpt and online search from Amazon.com]<br />
* Greenstein, Fred I. ed. ''The George W. Bush Presidency: An Early Assessment'' Johns Hopkins University Press, 2003<br />
* Greenstein, Fred I. “The Contemporary Presidency: The Changing Leadership of George W. Bush A Pre- and Post-9/11 Comparison” in ''Presidential Studies Quarterly'' v 32#2 2002 pp 387+. [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5000773171 online edition]<br />
* Gregg II, Gary L. and Mark J. Rozell, eds. ''Considering the Bush Presidency'' Oxford University Press, 2004. 210 pp. British perspectives<br />
* Hendrickson, Ryan C., and Kristina Spohr Readman, "From the Baltic to the Black Sea: Bush's NATO Enlargement." ''White House Studies.'' (2004) 4#3 pp: 319+. [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5008838303 online edition]<br />
* Hilliard, Bryan, Tom Lansford, and Robert P Watson, eds. ''George W. Bush: Evaluating the President at Midterm'' SUNY Press 2004<br />
* Jacobson, Gary C. “The Bush Presidency and the American Electorate” ''Presidential Studies Quarterly'' v 33 #4 2003 pp 701+. [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5002052614 online edition]<br />
* Jacobson, Gary C. "Referendum: the 2006 Midterm Congressional Elections." ''Political Science Quarterly'' 2007 122(1): 1-24. Issn: 0032-3195 Fulltext: [[Ebsco]]<br />
* Milkis, Sidney M. and Jesse H.Rhodes. "George W. Bush, the Party System, and American Federalism." ''Publius'' 2007 37(3): 478–503. Issn: 0048-5950 <br />
* Moens, Alexander ''The Foreign Policy of George W. Bush: Values, Strategy, and Loyalty.'' Ashgate, 2004. 227 pp. <br />
* Rabe, Barry. "Environmental Policy and the Bush Era: the Collision Between the Administrative Presidency and State Experimentation." ''Publius'' 2007 37(3): 413–431. Issn: 0048-5950 <br />
* Sabato, Larry J. ed. ''The Sixth Year Itch: The Rise and Fall of the George W. Bush Presidency'' (2007), experts on the 2006 elections in major states<br />
* Strozeski, Josh, et al. "From Benign Neglect to Strategic Interest: the Role of Africa in the Foreign Policies of Bush 41 and 43." ''White House Studies'' 2007 7(1): 35–51. Issn: 1535-4738 <br />
* Wekkin, Gary D. "George H. W. Bush and George W. Bush: Puzzling Presidencies, or the Puzzle of the Presidency?" ''White House Studies'' 2007 7(2): 113–124. Issn: 1535-4738 <br />
* Wong, Kenneth and Gail Sunderman. "Education Accountability as a Presidential Priority: No Child Left Behind and the Bush Presidency." ''Publius'' 2007 37(3): 333–350. Issn: 0048-5950 <br />
<br />
;Pro-Bush<br />
* Barnes, Fred. ''Rebel-in-Chief: How George W. Bush Is Redefining the Conservative Movement and Transforming America'' (2006)<br />
* Draper, Robert. ''Inside the Bush White House: The Presidency of George W. Bush'' (2007)<br />
* Hughes, Karen. ''George W. Bush: Portrait of a Leader,'' (2005) <br />
* Gerson, Michael J. ''Heroic Conservatism: Why Republicans Need to Embrace America's Ideals (And Why They Deserve to Fail If They Don't)'' (2007) [https://www.amazon.com/Heroic-Conservatism-Republicans-Embrace-Americas/dp/006134950X/ref=pd_bbs_sr_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1206001391&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]<br />
* [[Bob Woodward|Woodward, Bob]]. ''Plan of Attack'' (2003) on Iraq war [https://www.amazon.com/Plan-Attack-Bob-Woodward/dp/074325547X/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1206001508&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]<br />
<br />
;Anti-Bush<br />
* Bartlett, Bruce. ''Impostor: How George W. Bush Bankrupted America and Betrayed the Reagan Legacy'' (2006), conservative attack by former aide<br />
* Ferguson, Michaele L. and Lori Jo Marso. ''W Stands for Women: How the George W. Bush Presidency Shaped a New Politics of Gender'' (2007)<br />
* Greenspan, Alan. ''The Age of Turbulence: Adventures in a New World,'' (2007), memoir by powerful chairman of the Federal Reserve<br />
* Moore, James. and Wayne Slater. ''Bush's Brain: How Karl Rove Made George W. Bush Presidential.'' 2003. [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=107370497 online edition]<br />
* Suskind, Ron. ''The Price of Loyalty: George W. Bush, the White House, and the Education of Paul O’Neill'' (2004), complaints of ex Treasury Secretary [https://www.amazon.com/Price-Loyalty-George-Education-ONeill/dp/0743255461/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1188802463&sr=1-1 excerpts and online search from Amazon.com]<br />
<br />
;Bush aides<br />
* Stephen F. Hayes. ''Cheney: The Untold Story of America's Most Powerful and Controversial Vice President'' (2007) [https://www.amazon.com/Cheney-Americas-Powerful-Controversial-President/dp/0060723467/ref=pd_bbs_sr_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1188802328&sr=1-1 excerpts and online search]<br />
* Mabry, Marcus. ''Twice as Good: Condoleezza Rice and Her Path to Power'' (2007) <br />
; Primary sources<br />
* [http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/publications/ERP/ Council of Economic Advisors, ''Economic Report of the President'' (annual 1947- )], complete series online; important analysis of current trends and policies, plus statistical tables<br />
* George W. Bush. ''George W. Bush on God and Country: The President Speaks Out About Faith, Principle, and Patriotism'' (2004)<br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
*[[Previous Breaking News/George W. Bush|Articles about '''George W. Bush''' from previous "Breaking News"]]<br />
*[[Bush Derangement Syndrome]]<br />
*[[Bush Doctrine]]<br />
*[[Bush-hater]]<br />
*[[Bushism]]<br />
*[https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2008/12/18/bush-and-public-opinion/ Pew Research analysis of Bush and public opinion]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|2}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://www.bushcenter.com/ The George W. Bush Presidential Center]<br />
* [http://warrioropen.com/ Warrior Open, Dallas, Texas, on October 10 and 11, 2011]<br />
* [https://www.facebook.com/georgewbush George W. Bush on Facebook]<br />
* [https://www.facebook.com/clintonbushhaitifund?v=wall Clinton Bush Haiti Fund]<br />
* [http://www.honorfreedom.com HonorFreedom.com - a nationwide effort to correct the historical record about President Bush and the Bush foreign policy doctrine]<br />
* [https://www.nationalreview.com/article/346562/george-w-bush-reconsidered George W. Bush Reconsidered on National Review Online]<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bush, George W.}}<br />
{{Deep State}}<br />
{{Globalism}}<br />
[[Category:Texas]]<br />
[[Category:Connecticut]]<br />
[[Category:2004 Presidential Candidates]]<br />
[[Category:Republicans]]<br />
[[Category:Moderate Republicans]]<br />
[[Category:RINOs]]<br />
[[Category:Globalists]]<br />
[[Category:Establishment]]<br />
[[Category:2000s]]<br />
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[[Category:Former Heads of Government]]<br />
[[Category:Pro Second Amendment]]<br />
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[[Category:Best Selling Authors]]<br />
[[Category:Men]]<br />
[[Category:Republican Establishment]]<br />
[[Category:Amnesty Republicans]]<br />
[[Category:Pro-Surveillance]]<br />
[[Category:Pro Patriot Act]]<br />
[[Category:Anti-Trump]]<br />
{{USPresidents}}</div>Reaganisawsomehttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Tim_Allen&diff=1984842Tim Allen2023-09-21T11:19:44Z<p>Reaganisawsome: </p>
<hr />
<div>Timothy Allen Dick or '''Tim Allen''' (born June 13, 1953) is an American actor and comedian who is best known for playing on the television series ''Home Improvement'' and has starred in many films including ''The Santa Clause'' trilogy, ''For Richer or Poorer'' and the ''Toy Story'' films.<br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Tim Allen was born on June 13, 1953 in Denver, Colorado to Martha Katherine (née Fox) and Gerald M. Dick.<br />
<br />
More coming soon<br />
<br />
[[Category:Conservatism]]<br />
[[Category:Conservatives]]<br />
[[Category:Republicans]]<br />
[[Category:Actors]]<br />
[[Category:Christians]]<br />
[[Category:Pro-Life]]<br />
[[Category:Hollywood Conservatives]]</div>Reaganisawsomehttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Tim_Allen&diff=1984456Tim Allen2023-09-20T18:24:59Z<p>Reaganisawsome: </p>
<hr />
<div>Timothy Allen Dick or '''Tim Allen''' (born June 13, 1953) is an American actor and comedian who is best known for playing on the television series ''Home Improvement'' and has starred in many films including ''The Santa Clause'' trilogy, ''For Richer or Poorer'' and the ''Toy Story'' films.<br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Tim Allen was born on June 13, 1953 in Denver, Colorado to Martha Katherine (née Fox) and Gerald M. Dick.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Conservatism]]<br />
[[Category:Conservatives]]<br />
[[Category:Republicans]]<br />
[[Category:Actors]]<br />
[[Category:Christians]]<br />
[[Category:Pro-Life]]<br />
[[Category:Hollywood Conservatives]]</div>Reaganisawsomehttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Tim_Allen&diff=1984454Tim Allen2023-09-20T18:22:26Z<p>Reaganisawsome: Improvisation</p>
<hr />
<div>Timothy Allen Dick or '''Tim Allen''' (born June 13, 1953) is an American actor and comedian who is best known for playing on the television series ''Home Improvement'' and has starred in many films including ''The Santa Clause'' trilogy, ''For Richer or Poorer'' and the ''Toy Story'' films.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Conservatism]]<br />
[[Category:Conservatives]]<br />
[[Category:Republicans]]<br />
[[Category:Actors]]<br />
[[Category:Christians]]<br />
[[Category:Pro-Life]]<br />
[[Category:Hollywood Conservatives]]</div>Reaganisawsomehttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Tim_Allen&diff=1984452Tim Allen2023-09-20T18:20:41Z<p>Reaganisawsome: Adding new page</p>
<hr />
<div>'''Tim Allen''' (born June 13, 1953) is an American actor and comedian who is best known for playing on the television series ''Home Improvement'' and has starred in many films including ''The Santa Clause'' trilogy, ''For Richer or Poorer'' and the ''Toy Story'' films.</div>Reaganisawsomehttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Stephen_Baldwin&diff=1983959Stephen Baldwin2023-09-19T16:14:46Z<p>Reaganisawsome: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox person<br />
|image=[Image-w856.jpg?size=240x|thumbnail]<br />
|name=Stephen Baldwin<br />
|fullname=Stephen Andrew Baldwin<br />
|birth_date=May 12, 1966<br />
|birth_place=Massapequa, [[New York]]<br />
|party=[[Republican]]<br />
|religion=born-again Christian<br />
|spouse=Kennya Deodato (m.1990-present)<br />
}}<br />
'''Stephen Baldwin''' (born May 12, 1966) is an American actor and is the youngest brother of actors Alec, Daniel and William Baldwin. He is best known for starring in films such as ''Born on the Fourth of July'' (1989), ''The Usual Suspects'' (1995), ''The Flintstones in Viva Rock Vegas'' (2000) and ''Bio-Dome'' (1996). He is also known for being the only conservative Baldwin unlike his older brothers [[Alec Baldwin|Alec]] and William, who are both liberal. <br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Stephen Baldwin was born in Massapequa, New York on May 12, 1966 to Carol Newcomb (née Martineau) and Alexander Rae Baldwin, Jr. and is the youngest of three brothers Alec, William and Daniel.<br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
Stephen began his career in 1987 with a supporting role on the TV series ''American Playhouse''. His motion picture debut came the following year with ''Homeboy''. He also starred on the hit TV series ''Family Ties'' and ''China Beach''. One of his most famous roles in film is the role of criminal Michael McManus in the 1995 film ''The Usual Suspects''. He also starred in the 2006 made-for-television film ''Jesse Stone: Night Passage'' as Joe Genest alongside Tom Selleck as the title role.<br />
<br />
==Religious views==<br />
During his early life, Stephen was at one time Catholic. But, in the wake of the September 11th attacks, he became a born-again Christian and has been extremely vocal on television and YouTube about his faith. <ref>[http://www.beliefnet.com/entertainment/celebrities/how-actor-stephen-baldwin-found-god.aspx How Actor Stephen Baldwin Found God]</ref><ref>[https://neonnettle.com/features/1718-actor-stephen-baldwin-you-can-t-call-yourself-christian-and-support-abortion Actor Stephen Baldwin: You Can't Call Yourself Christian and Support Abortion]</ref><br />
<br />
==Political views==<br />
Stephen is one of many Hollywood stars who came in support of [[Donald Trump]] in the 2016 election. Prior to that, Stephen supported [[George W. Bush]], [[Sam Brownback]] and [[Mike Huckabee]]. In a 2018 interview with CBN News, he stated that he had not spoken to Alec since the election.<ref>[http://www1.cbn.com/cbnnews/2018/february/actor-stephen-baldwin-lsquo-i-hellip-haven-rsquo-t-talked-to-my-brother-alec-since-the-election-rsquo Actor Stephen Baldwin: ‘I…Haven’t Talked to My Brother Alec Since the Election’]</ref><br />
<br />
==Quotes==<br />
"I'm just the messenger here. I'm just another representative of my faith, so to speak."<br />
<br />
"I've been to MTV and all of that worldly stuff. It's death. It's meaningless."<br />
<br />
"Life is such a precious gift. Whatever life throws at us, if we could just learn to get through that day and hang on to the next, you never know what may come. It may get worse, but you never know."<br />
<br />
"I believe I have a calling. Do you know what that calling is? To stand up in a new and hard core, radical way for the Lord. In the process, if I insult a couple of people, if I offend a couple of people, and if I got to shake it up a little bit, as long as it is led by the Holy Spirit, amen."<br />
<br />
(on non-family friendly content in games) "We’re allowing our culture and our youth to be an assaulted by the derogatory content in Hollywood. There’s a moral issue that is far more important that we need to start making noise about more than anything else." <ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20090310055407/http://www.newsmax.com/insidecover/baldwin_hollywood_vulgar/2009/03/06/189397.html/ Stephen Baldwin Slams Hollywood]</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Conservatism]]<br />
[[Category:Conservatives]]<br />
[[Category:Republicans]]<br />
[[Category:Actors]]<br />
[[Category:Christians]]<br />
[[Category:Pro-Life]]<br />
[[Category:Hollywood Conservatives]]</div>Reaganisawsomehttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Stephen_Baldwin&diff=1983958Stephen Baldwin2023-09-19T16:14:05Z<p>Reaganisawsome: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox person<br />
|image=[Image-w856.jpg?size=240x|thumbnail]<br />
|name=Stephen Baldwin<br />
|fullname=Stephen Andrew Baldwin<br />
|birth_date=May 12, 1966<br />
|birth_place=Massapequa, [[New York]]<br />
|party=[[Republican]]<br />
|religion=born-again Christian<br />
|spouse=Kennya Deodato (m.1990-present)<br />
}}<br />
'''Stephen Baldwin''' (born May 12, 1966) is an American actor and is the youngest brother of actors Alec, Daniel and William Baldwin. He is best known for starring in films such as ''Born on the Fourth of July'' (1989), ''The Usual Suspects'' (1995), ''The Flintstones in Viva Rock Vegas'' (2000) and ''Bio-Dome'' (1996). He is also known for being the only conservative Baldwin unlike his older brothers [[Alec Baldwin|Alec]] and William, who are both liberal. <br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Stephen Baldwin was born in Massapequa, New York on May 12, 1966 to Carol Newcomb (née Martineau) and Alexander Rae Baldwin, Jr. and is the youngest of three brothers Alec, William and Daniel.<br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
Stephen began his career in 1987 with a supporting role on the TV series ''American Playhouse''. His motion picture debut came the following year with ''Homeboy''. He also starred on the hit TV series ''Family Ties'' and ''China Beach''. One of his most famous roles in film is the role of criminal Michael McManus in the 1995 film ''The Usual Suspects''. He also starred in the 2006 made-for-television film ''Jesse Stone: Night Passage'' as Joe Genest alongside Tom Selleck as the title role.<br />
<br />
==Religious views==<br />
During his early life, Stephen was at one time Catholic. But, in the wake of the September 11th attacks, he became a born-again Christian and has been extremely vocal on television and YouTube about his faith. <ref>[http://www.beliefnet.com/entertainment/celebrities/how-actor-stephen-baldwin-found-god.aspx How Actor Stephen Baldwin Found God]</ref><ref>[https://neonnettle.com/features/1718-actor-stephen-baldwin-you-can-t-call-yourself-christian-and-support-abortion Actor Stephen Baldwin: You Can't Call Yourself Christian and Support Abortion]</ref><br />
<br />
==Political views==<br />
Stephen is one of many Hollywood stars who came in support of [[Donald Trump]] in the 2016 election. Prior to that, Stephen supported [[George W. Bush]], [[Sam Brownback]] and [[Mike Huckabee]]. In a 2018 interview with CBN News, he stated that he had not spoken to Alec since the election.<ref>[http://www1.cbn.com/cbnnews/2018/february/actor-stephen-baldwin-lsquo-i-hellip-haven-rsquo-t-talked-to-my-brother-alec-since-the-election-rsquo Actor Stephen Baldwin: ‘I…Haven’t Talked to My Brother Alec Since the Election’]</ref><br />
<br />
==Quotes==<br />
"I'm just the messenger here. I'm just another representative of my faith, so to speak."<br />
<br />
"I've been to MTV and all of that worldly stuff. It's death. It's meaningless."<br />
<br />
"Life is such a precious gift. Whatever life throws at us, if we could just learn to get through that day and hang on to the next, you never know what may come. It may get worse, but you never know."<br />
<br />
"I believe I have a calling. Do you know what that calling is? To stand up in a new and hard core, radical way for the Lord. In the process, if I insult a couple of people, if I offend a couple of people, and if I got to shake it up a little bit, as long as it is led by the Holy Spirit, amen."<br />
<br />
(on non-family friendly content in games) "We’re allowing our culture and our youth to be an assaulted by the derogatory content in Hollywood. There’s a moral issue that is far more important that we need to start making noise about more than anything else." <ref/>[http://web.archive.org/web/20090310055407/http://www.newsmax.com/insidecover/baldwin_hollywood_vulgar/2009/03/06/189397.html/ Stephen Baldwin Slams Hollywood]</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Conservatism]]<br />
[[Category:Conservatives]]<br />
[[Category:Republicans]]<br />
[[Category:Actors]]<br />
[[Category:Christians]]<br />
[[Category:Pro-Life]]<br />
[[Category:Hollywood Conservatives]]</div>Reaganisawsomehttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Stephen_Baldwin&diff=1983957Stephen Baldwin2023-09-19T16:12:52Z<p>Reaganisawsome: /* Quotes */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox person<br />
|image=[Image-w856.jpg?size=240x|thumbnail]<br />
|name=Stephen Baldwin<br />
|fullname=Stephen Andrew Baldwin<br />
|birth_date=May 12, 1966<br />
|birth_place=Massapequa, [[New York]]<br />
|party=[[Republican]]<br />
|religion=born-again Christian<br />
|spouse=Kennya Deodato (m.1990-present)<br />
}}<br />
'''Stephen Baldwin''' (born May 12, 1966) is an American actor and is the youngest brother of actors Alec, Daniel and William Baldwin. He is best known for starring in films such as ''Born on the Fourth of July'' (1989), ''The Usual Suspects'' (1995), ''The Flintstones in Viva Rock Vegas'' (2000) and ''Bio-Dome'' (1996). He is also known for being the only conservative Baldwin unlike his older brothers [[Alec Baldwin|Alec]] and William, who are both liberal. <br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Stephen Baldwin was born in Massapequa, New York on May 12, 1966 to Carol Newcomb (née Martineau) and Alexander Rae Baldwin, Jr. and is the youngest of three brothers Alec, William and Daniel.<br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
Stephen began his career in 1987 with a supporting role on the TV series ''American Playhouse''. His motion picture debut came the following year with ''Homeboy''. He also starred on the hit TV series ''Family Ties'' and ''China Beach''. One of his most famous roles in film is the role of criminal Michael McManus in the 1995 film ''The Usual Suspects''. He also starred in the 2006 made-for-television film ''Jesse Stone: Night Passage'' as Joe Genest alongside Tom Selleck as the title role.<br />
<br />
==Religious views==<br />
During his early life, Stephen was at one time Catholic. But, in the wake of the September 11th attacks, he became a born-again Christian and has been extremely vocal on television and YouTube about his faith. <ref>[http://www.beliefnet.com/entertainment/celebrities/how-actor-stephen-baldwin-found-god.aspx How Actor Stephen Baldwin Found God]</ref><ref>[https://neonnettle.com/features/1718-actor-stephen-baldwin-you-can-t-call-yourself-christian-and-support-abortion Actor Stephen Baldwin: You Can't Call Yourself Christian and Support Abortion]</ref><br />
<br />
==Political views==<br />
Stephen is one of many Hollywood stars who came in support of [[Donald Trump]] in the 2016 election. Prior to that, Stephen supported [[George W. Bush]], [[Sam Brownback]] and [[Mike Huckabee]]. In a 2018 interview with CBN News, he stated that he had not spoken to Alec since the election.<ref>[http://www1.cbn.com/cbnnews/2018/february/actor-stephen-baldwin-lsquo-i-hellip-haven-rsquo-t-talked-to-my-brother-alec-since-the-election-rsquo Actor Stephen Baldwin: ‘I…Haven’t Talked to My Brother Alec Since the Election’]</ref><br />
<br />
==Quotes==<br />
"I'm just the messenger here. I'm just another representative of my faith, so to speak."<br />
<br />
"I've been to MTV and all of that worldly stuff. It's death. It's meaningless."<br />
<br />
"Life is such a precious gift. Whatever life throws at us, if we could just learn to get through that day and hang on to the next, you never know what may come. It may get worse, but you never know."<br />
<br />
"I believe I have a calling. Do you know what that calling is? To stand up in a new and hard core, radical way for the Lord. In the process, if I insult a couple of people, if I offend a couple of people, and if I got to shake it up a little bit, as long as it is led by the Holy Spirit, amen."<br />
<br />
(on non-family friendly content in games) "We’re allowing our culture and our youth to be an assaulted by the derogatory content in Hollywood. There’s a moral issue that is far more important that we need to start making noise about more than anything else." <ref/>https://web.archive.org/web/20090310055407/https://www.newsmax.com/insidecover/baldwin_hollywood_vulgar/2009/03/06/189397.html/ Stephen Baldwin Slams Hollywood</ref><br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Conservatism]]<br />
[[Category:Conservatives]]<br />
[[Category:Republicans]]<br />
[[Category:Actors]]<br />
[[Category:Christians]]<br />
[[Category:Pro-Life]]<br />
[[Category:Hollywood Conservatives]]</div>Reaganisawsomehttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Stephen_Baldwin&diff=1983954Stephen Baldwin2023-09-19T16:11:07Z<p>Reaganisawsome: Adding quote</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox person<br />
|image=[Image-w856.jpg?size=240x|thumbnail]<br />
|name=Stephen Baldwin<br />
|fullname=Stephen Andrew Baldwin<br />
|birth_date=May 12, 1966<br />
|birth_place=Massapequa, [[New York]]<br />
|party=[[Republican]]<br />
|religion=born-again Christian<br />
|spouse=Kennya Deodato (m.1990-present)<br />
}}<br />
'''Stephen Baldwin''' (born May 12, 1966) is an American actor and is the youngest brother of actors Alec, Daniel and William Baldwin. He is best known for starring in films such as ''Born on the Fourth of July'' (1989), ''The Usual Suspects'' (1995), ''The Flintstones in Viva Rock Vegas'' (2000) and ''Bio-Dome'' (1996). He is also known for being the only conservative Baldwin unlike his older brothers [[Alec Baldwin|Alec]] and William, who are both liberal. <br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Stephen Baldwin was born in Massapequa, New York on May 12, 1966 to Carol Newcomb (née Martineau) and Alexander Rae Baldwin, Jr. and is the youngest of three brothers Alec, William and Daniel.<br />
<br />
==Career==<br />
Stephen began his career in 1987 with a supporting role on the TV series ''American Playhouse''. His motion picture debut came the following year with ''Homeboy''. He also starred on the hit TV series ''Family Ties'' and ''China Beach''. One of his most famous roles in film is the role of criminal Michael McManus in the 1995 film ''The Usual Suspects''. He also starred in the 2006 made-for-television film ''Jesse Stone: Night Passage'' as Joe Genest alongside Tom Selleck as the title role.<br />
<br />
==Religious views==<br />
During his early life, Stephen was at one time Catholic. But, in the wake of the September 11th attacks, he became a born-again Christian and has been extremely vocal on television and YouTube about his faith. <ref>[http://www.beliefnet.com/entertainment/celebrities/how-actor-stephen-baldwin-found-god.aspx How Actor Stephen Baldwin Found God]</ref><ref>[https://neonnettle.com/features/1718-actor-stephen-baldwin-you-can-t-call-yourself-christian-and-support-abortion Actor Stephen Baldwin: You Can't Call Yourself Christian and Support Abortion]</ref><br />
<br />
==Political views==<br />
Stephen is one of many Hollywood stars who came in support of [[Donald Trump]] in the 2016 election. Prior to that, Stephen supported [[George W. Bush]], [[Sam Brownback]] and [[Mike Huckabee]]. In a 2018 interview with CBN News, he stated that he had not spoken to Alec since the election.<ref>[http://www1.cbn.com/cbnnews/2018/february/actor-stephen-baldwin-lsquo-i-hellip-haven-rsquo-t-talked-to-my-brother-alec-since-the-election-rsquo Actor Stephen Baldwin: ‘I…Haven’t Talked to My Brother Alec Since the Election’]</ref><br />
<br />
==Quotes==<br />
"I'm just the messenger here. I'm just another representative of my faith, so to speak."<br />
<br />
"I've been to MTV and all of that worldly stuff. It's death. It's meaningless."<br />
<br />
"Life is such a precious gift. Whatever life throws at us, if we could just learn to get through that day and hang on to the next, you never know what may come. It may get worse, but you never know."<br />
<br />
"I believe I have a calling. Do you know what that calling is? To stand up in a new and hard core, radical way for the Lord. In the process, if I insult a couple of people, if I offend a couple of people, and if I got to shake it up a little bit, as long as it is led by the Holy Spirit, amen."<br />
<br />
(on non-family friendly content in games) "We’re allowing our culture and our youth to be an assaulted by the derogatory content in Hollywood. There’s a moral issue that is far more important that we need to start making noise about more than anything else."<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Conservatism]]<br />
[[Category:Conservatives]]<br />
[[Category:Republicans]]<br />
[[Category:Actors]]<br />
[[Category:Christians]]<br />
[[Category:Pro-Life]]<br />
[[Category:Hollywood Conservatives]]</div>Reaganisawsomehttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Danny_Aiello&diff=1983697Danny Aiello2023-09-19T02:13:16Z<p>Reaganisawsome: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox person<br />
|name=Danny Aiello<br />
|fullname=Daniel Louis Aiello, Jr.<br />
|birth_date=June 20, 1933<br />
|death_date=December 12, 2019<br />
|birth_place=Manhattan, [[New York]]<br />
|death_place=[[New Jersey]]<br />
|party=[[Democrat]] (unknown-1998 or 1999)<br/>[[Republican]] (1998 or 1999-until his death)<br />
|religion=Catholic<br />
|spouse=Sandy Cohen (m.1955-his death)}}<br />
'''Danny Aiello''' (June 20, 1933 - December 12, 2019) was a famous American actor who is best known for starring in many films including ''The Godfather Part II'' (1974), ''Moonstruck'' (1987), ''Jacob's Ladder'' (1990) and ''Do the Right Thing'' (1989) which earned him an Oscar nomination for Best Supporting Actor.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Before acting, Danny did a variety of jobs including serving in the Army at 16, served as President of the New York Transit Union and worked various odd jobs before making his acting debut in the 1973 film ''Bang the Drum Slowly''.<br />
<br />
==Political views==<br />
At one time Danny supported the Democratic Party and Bill Clinton. However, as years came and went, Aiello decided to stop supporting Bill Clinton and other Democrats following the Monica Lewinsky scandal. Aiello stated, "I turned in my card to become a Republican because I did not want to be known as a Democrat under that person's regime. I'm a traditionalist. I have certain values that I live by, and he practices none of those things."<br />
<br />
==Quotes==<br />
"My entire family were Democrats all our lives. But because how furious I was about the previous administration, I turned in my card to become a Republican. I did not want to be known as a Democrat under that person's [referring to Bill Clinton] regime."<br />
<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000732 Danny Aiello's IMDb page]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Conservatism]]<br />
[[Category:Conservatives]]<br />
[[Category:Republicans]]<br />
[[Category:Former Democrats]]<br />
[[Category:Former Liberals]]<br />
[[Category:Actors]]<br />
[[Category:Orphan pages]]<br />
[[Category:Catholics]]<br />
[[Category:New Jersey Republicans]]<br />
[[Category:Hollywood Conservatives]]</div>Reaganisawsomehttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Danny_Aiello&diff=1983637Danny Aiello2023-09-19T00:05:17Z<p>Reaganisawsome: /* External links */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox person<br />
|name=Danny Aiello<br />
|fullname=Daniel Louis Aiello, Jr.<br />
|birth_date=June 20, 1933<br />
|death_date=December 12, 2019<br />
|birth_place=Manhattan, [[New York]]<br />
|death_place=[[New Jersey]]<br />
|party=[[Democrat]] (unknown-1998 or 1999)<br/>[[Republican]] (1998 or 1999-until his death)<br />
|religion=Catholic<br />
|spouse=Sandy Cohen (m.1955-his death)}}<br />
'''Danny Aiello''' (June 20, 1933 - December 12, 2019) was a famous American actor who is best known for starring in many films including ''The Godfather Part II'' (1974), ''Moonstruck'' (1987), ''Jacob's Ladder'' (1990) and ''Do the Right Thing'' (1989) which earned him an Oscar nomination for Best Supporting Actor.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Before acting, Danny did a variety of jobs including serving in the Army at 16, served as President of the New York Transit Union and worked various odd jobs before making his acting debut in the 1973 film ''Bang the Drum Slowly''.<br />
<br />
==Political views==<br />
At one time Danny supported the Democratic Party and Bill Clinton. However, as years came and went, Aiello decided to stop supporting Bill Clinton and other Democrats following the Monica Lewinsky scandal. Aiello stated, "I turned in my card to become a Republican because I did not want to be known as a Democrat under that person's regime. I'm a traditionalist. I have certain values that I live by, and he practices none of those things."<br />
<br />
==Quotes==<br />
"My entire family were Democrats all our lives. But because how furious I was about the previous administration, I turned in my card to become a Republican. I did not want to be known as a Democrat under that person's regime."<br />
<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000732 Danny Aiello's IMDb page]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Conservatism]]<br />
[[Category:Conservatives]]<br />
[[Category:Republicans]]<br />
[[Category:Former Democrats]]<br />
[[Category:Former Liberals]]<br />
[[Category:Actors]]<br />
[[Category:Orphan pages]]<br />
[[Category:Catholics]]<br />
[[Category:New Jersey Republicans]]<br />
[[Category:Hollywood Conservatives]]</div>Reaganisawsomehttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Danny_Aiello&diff=1983636Danny Aiello2023-09-19T00:04:43Z<p>Reaganisawsome: /* External links */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox person<br />
|name=Danny Aiello<br />
|fullname=Daniel Louis Aiello, Jr.<br />
|birth_date=June 20, 1933<br />
|death_date=December 12, 2019<br />
|birth_place=Manhattan, [[New York]]<br />
|death_place=[[New Jersey]]<br />
|party=[[Democrat]] (unknown-1998 or 1999)<br/>[[Republican]] (1998 or 1999-until his death)<br />
|religion=Catholic<br />
|spouse=Sandy Cohen (m.1955-his death)}}<br />
'''Danny Aiello''' (June 20, 1933 - December 12, 2019) was a famous American actor who is best known for starring in many films including ''The Godfather Part II'' (1974), ''Moonstruck'' (1987), ''Jacob's Ladder'' (1990) and ''Do the Right Thing'' (1989) which earned him an Oscar nomination for Best Supporting Actor.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Before acting, Danny did a variety of jobs including serving in the Army at 16, served as President of the New York Transit Union and worked various odd jobs before making his acting debut in the 1973 film ''Bang the Drum Slowly''.<br />
<br />
==Political views==<br />
At one time Danny supported the Democratic Party and Bill Clinton. However, as years came and went, Aiello decided to stop supporting Bill Clinton and other Democrats following the Monica Lewinsky scandal. Aiello stated, "I turned in my card to become a Republican because I did not want to be known as a Democrat under that person's regime. I'm a traditionalist. I have certain values that I live by, and he practices none of those things."<br />
<br />
==Quotes==<br />
"My entire family were Democrats all our lives. But because how furious I was about the previous administration, I turned in my card to become a Republican. I did not want to be known as a Democrat under that person's regime."<br />
<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[IMDb|http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000732 Danny Aiello's IMDb page]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Conservatism]]<br />
[[Category:Conservatives]]<br />
[[Category:Republicans]]<br />
[[Category:Former Democrats]]<br />
[[Category:Former Liberals]]<br />
[[Category:Actors]]<br />
[[Category:Orphan pages]]<br />
[[Category:Catholics]]<br />
[[Category:New Jersey Republicans]]<br />
[[Category:Hollywood Conservatives]]</div>Reaganisawsomehttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Danny_Aiello&diff=1983635Danny Aiello2023-09-19T00:04:29Z<p>Reaganisawsome: /* External links */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox person<br />
|name=Danny Aiello<br />
|fullname=Daniel Louis Aiello, Jr.<br />
|birth_date=June 20, 1933<br />
|death_date=December 12, 2019<br />
|birth_place=Manhattan, [[New York]]<br />
|death_place=[[New Jersey]]<br />
|party=[[Democrat]] (unknown-1998 or 1999)<br/>[[Republican]] (1998 or 1999-until his death)<br />
|religion=Catholic<br />
|spouse=Sandy Cohen (m.1955-his death)}}<br />
'''Danny Aiello''' (June 20, 1933 - December 12, 2019) was a famous American actor who is best known for starring in many films including ''The Godfather Part II'' (1974), ''Moonstruck'' (1987), ''Jacob's Ladder'' (1990) and ''Do the Right Thing'' (1989) which earned him an Oscar nomination for Best Supporting Actor.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Before acting, Danny did a variety of jobs including serving in the Army at 16, served as President of the New York Transit Union and worked various odd jobs before making his acting debut in the 1973 film ''Bang the Drum Slowly''.<br />
<br />
==Political views==<br />
At one time Danny supported the Democratic Party and Bill Clinton. However, as years came and went, Aiello decided to stop supporting Bill Clinton and other Democrats following the Monica Lewinsky scandal. Aiello stated, "I turned in my card to become a Republican because I did not want to be known as a Democrat under that person's regime. I'm a traditionalist. I have certain values that I live by, and he practices none of those things."<br />
<br />
==Quotes==<br />
"My entire family were Democrats all our lives. But because how furious I was about the previous administration, I turned in my card to become a Republican. I did not want to be known as a Democrat under that person's regime."<br />
<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[[IMDb|http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000732 Danny Aiello's IMDb page]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Conservatism]]<br />
[[Category:Conservatives]]<br />
[[Category:Republicans]]<br />
[[Category:Former Democrats]]<br />
[[Category:Former Liberals]]<br />
[[Category:Actors]]<br />
[[Category:Orphan pages]]<br />
[[Category:Catholics]]<br />
[[Category:New Jersey Republicans]]<br />
[[Category:Hollywood Conservatives]]</div>Reaganisawsomehttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Danny_Aiello&diff=1983634Danny Aiello2023-09-19T00:04:09Z<p>Reaganisawsome: /* External links */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox person<br />
|name=Danny Aiello<br />
|fullname=Daniel Louis Aiello, Jr.<br />
|birth_date=June 20, 1933<br />
|death_date=December 12, 2019<br />
|birth_place=Manhattan, [[New York]]<br />
|death_place=[[New Jersey]]<br />
|party=[[Democrat]] (unknown-1998 or 1999)<br/>[[Republican]] (1998 or 1999-until his death)<br />
|religion=Catholic<br />
|spouse=Sandy Cohen (m.1955-his death)}}<br />
'''Danny Aiello''' (June 20, 1933 - December 12, 2019) was a famous American actor who is best known for starring in many films including ''The Godfather Part II'' (1974), ''Moonstruck'' (1987), ''Jacob's Ladder'' (1990) and ''Do the Right Thing'' (1989) which earned him an Oscar nomination for Best Supporting Actor.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Before acting, Danny did a variety of jobs including serving in the Army at 16, served as President of the New York Transit Union and worked various odd jobs before making his acting debut in the 1973 film ''Bang the Drum Slowly''.<br />
<br />
==Political views==<br />
At one time Danny supported the Democratic Party and Bill Clinton. However, as years came and went, Aiello decided to stop supporting Bill Clinton and other Democrats following the Monica Lewinsky scandal. Aiello stated, "I turned in my card to become a Republican because I did not want to be known as a Democrat under that person's regime. I'm a traditionalist. I have certain values that I live by, and he practices none of those things."<br />
<br />
==Quotes==<br />
"My entire family were Democrats all our lives. But because how furious I was about the previous administration, I turned in my card to become a Republican. I did not want to be known as a Democrat under that person's regime."<br />
<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[[IMDb|https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000732/ Danny Aiello's IMDb page]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Conservatism]]<br />
[[Category:Conservatives]]<br />
[[Category:Republicans]]<br />
[[Category:Former Democrats]]<br />
[[Category:Former Liberals]]<br />
[[Category:Actors]]<br />
[[Category:Orphan pages]]<br />
[[Category:Catholics]]<br />
[[Category:New Jersey Republicans]]<br />
[[Category:Hollywood Conservatives]]</div>Reaganisawsomehttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Danny_Aiello&diff=1983633Danny Aiello2023-09-19T00:03:55Z<p>Reaganisawsome: /* External links */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox person<br />
|name=Danny Aiello<br />
|fullname=Daniel Louis Aiello, Jr.<br />
|birth_date=June 20, 1933<br />
|death_date=December 12, 2019<br />
|birth_place=Manhattan, [[New York]]<br />
|death_place=[[New Jersey]]<br />
|party=[[Democrat]] (unknown-1998 or 1999)<br/>[[Republican]] (1998 or 1999-until his death)<br />
|religion=Catholic<br />
|spouse=Sandy Cohen (m.1955-his death)}}<br />
'''Danny Aiello''' (June 20, 1933 - December 12, 2019) was a famous American actor who is best known for starring in many films including ''The Godfather Part II'' (1974), ''Moonstruck'' (1987), ''Jacob's Ladder'' (1990) and ''Do the Right Thing'' (1989) which earned him an Oscar nomination for Best Supporting Actor.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Before acting, Danny did a variety of jobs including serving in the Army at 16, served as President of the New York Transit Union and worked various odd jobs before making his acting debut in the 1973 film ''Bang the Drum Slowly''.<br />
<br />
==Political views==<br />
At one time Danny supported the Democratic Party and Bill Clinton. However, as years came and went, Aiello decided to stop supporting Bill Clinton and other Democrats following the Monica Lewinsky scandal. Aiello stated, "I turned in my card to become a Republican because I did not want to be known as a Democrat under that person's regime. I'm a traditionalist. I have certain values that I live by, and he practices none of those things."<br />
<br />
==Quotes==<br />
"My entire family were Democrats all our lives. But because how furious I was about the previous administration, I turned in my card to become a Republican. I did not want to be known as a Democrat under that person's regime."<br />
<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[[IMDb|https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000732/|Danny Aiello's IMDb page]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Conservatism]]<br />
[[Category:Conservatives]]<br />
[[Category:Republicans]]<br />
[[Category:Former Democrats]]<br />
[[Category:Former Liberals]]<br />
[[Category:Actors]]<br />
[[Category:Orphan pages]]<br />
[[Category:Catholics]]<br />
[[Category:New Jersey Republicans]]<br />
[[Category:Hollywood Conservatives]]</div>Reaganisawsomehttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Danny_Aiello&diff=1983632Danny Aiello2023-09-19T00:03:24Z<p>Reaganisawsome: Adding category and adjustment</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox person<br />
|name=Danny Aiello<br />
|fullname=Daniel Louis Aiello, Jr.<br />
|birth_date=June 20, 1933<br />
|death_date=December 12, 2019<br />
|birth_place=Manhattan, [[New York]]<br />
|death_place=[[New Jersey]]<br />
|party=[[Democrat]] (unknown-1998 or 1999)<br/>[[Republican]] (1998 or 1999-until his death)<br />
|religion=Catholic<br />
|spouse=Sandy Cohen (m.1955-his death)}}<br />
'''Danny Aiello''' (June 20, 1933 - December 12, 2019) was a famous American actor who is best known for starring in many films including ''The Godfather Part II'' (1974), ''Moonstruck'' (1987), ''Jacob's Ladder'' (1990) and ''Do the Right Thing'' (1989) which earned him an Oscar nomination for Best Supporting Actor.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Before acting, Danny did a variety of jobs including serving in the Army at 16, served as President of the New York Transit Union and worked various odd jobs before making his acting debut in the 1973 film ''Bang the Drum Slowly''.<br />
<br />
==Political views==<br />
At one time Danny supported the Democratic Party and Bill Clinton. However, as years came and went, Aiello decided to stop supporting Bill Clinton and other Democrats following the Monica Lewinsky scandal. Aiello stated, "I turned in my card to become a Republican because I did not want to be known as a Democrat under that person's regime. I'm a traditionalist. I have certain values that I live by, and he practices none of those things."<br />
<br />
==Quotes==<br />
"My entire family were Democrats all our lives. But because how furious I was about the previous administration, I turned in my card to become a Republican. I did not want to be known as a Democrat under that person's regime."<br />
<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*[IMDb|https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000732/|Danny Aiello's IMDb page]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Conservatism]]<br />
[[Category:Conservatives]]<br />
[[Category:Republicans]]<br />
[[Category:Former Democrats]]<br />
[[Category:Former Liberals]]<br />
[[Category:Actors]]<br />
[[Category:Orphan pages]]<br />
[[Category:Catholics]]<br />
[[Category:New Jersey Republicans]]<br />
[[Category:Hollywood Conservatives]]</div>Reaganisawsomehttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Danny_Aiello&diff=1983628Danny Aiello2023-09-18T23:50:09Z<p>Reaganisawsome: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox person<br />
|name=Danny Aiello<br />
|fullname=Daniel Louis Aiello, Jr.<br />
|birth_date=June 20, 1933<br />
|death_date=December 12, 2019<br />
|birth_place=Manhattan, [[New York]]<br />
|death_place=[[New Jersey]]<br />
|party=[[Democrat]] (unknown-1998 or 1999)<br/>[[Republican]] (1998 or 1999-until his death)<br />
|religion=Catholic<br />
|spouse=Sandy Cohen (m.1955-his death)}}<br />
'''Danny Aiello''' (June 20, 1933 - December 12, 2019) was a famous American actor who is best known for starring in many films including ''The Godfather Part II'' (1974), ''Moonstruck'' (1987), ''Jacob's Ladder'' (1990) and ''Do the Right Thing'' (1989) which earned him an Oscar nomination for Best Supporting Actor.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Before acting, Danny did a variety of jobs including serving in the Army at 16, served as President of the New York Transit Union and worked various odd jobs before making his acting debut in the 1973 film ''Bang the Drum Slowly''.<br />
<br />
==Political views==<br />
At one time Danny supported the Democratic Party and Bill Clinton. However, as years came and went, Aiello decided to stop supporting Bill Clinton and other Democrats following the Monica Lewinsky scandal. Aiello stated, "I turned in my card to become a Republican because I did not want to be known as a Democrat under that person's regime. I'm a traditionalist. I have certain values that I live by, and he practices none of those things."<br />
<br />
==Quotes==<br />
"My entire family were Democrats all our lives. But because how furious I was about the previous administration, I turned in my card to become a Republican. I did not want to be known as a Democrat under that person's regime."<br />
<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{IMDb|https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000732/|Danny Aiello}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Conservatism]]<br />
[[Category:Conservatives]]<br />
[[Category:Republicans]]<br />
[[Category:Former Democrats]]<br />
[[Category:Actors]]<br />
[[Category:Orphan pages]]<br />
[[Category:Catholics]]<br />
[[Category:New Jersey Republicans]]<br />
[[Category:Hollywood Conservatives]]</div>Reaganisawsomehttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=User:Reaganisawsome&diff=1983566User:Reaganisawsome2023-09-18T20:03:39Z<p>Reaganisawsome: </p>
<hr />
<div>I am just a general everyday person that loves to make people happy and am proud to be an American. Reagan and Trump are my favorite Presidents.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Conservatives]]</div>Reaganisawsomehttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Danny_Aiello&diff=1983562Danny Aiello2023-09-18T19:56:01Z<p>Reaganisawsome: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox person<br />
|name=Danny Aiello<br />
|fullname=Daniel Louis Aiello, Jr.<br />
|birth_date=June 20, 1933<br />
|death_date=December 12, 2019<br />
|birth_place=Manhattan, [[New York]]<br />
|death_place=[[New Jersey]]<br />
|party=[[Democrat]] (unknown-1998 or 1999)<br/>[[Republican]] (1998 or 1999-until his death)<br />
|religion=Catholic<br />
|spouse=Sandy Cohen (m.1955-his death)}}<br />
'''Danny Aiello''' (June 20, 1933 - December 12, 2019) was a famous American actor who is best known for starring in many films including ''The Godfather Part II'' (1974), ''Moonstruck'' (1987), ''Jacob's Ladder'' (1990) and ''Do the Right Thing'' (1989) which earned him an Oscar nomination for Best Supporting Actor.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Before acting, Danny did a variety of jobs including serving in the Army at 16, served as President of the New York Transit Union and worked various odd jobs before making his acting debut in the 1973 film ''Bang the Drum Slowly''.<br />
<br />
==Political views==<br />
At one time Danny supported the Democratic Party and Bill Clinton. However, as years came and went, Aiello decided to stop supporting Bill Clinton and other Democrats following the Monica Lewinsky scandal. Aiello stated, "I turned in my card to become a Republican because I did not want to be known as a Democrat under that person's regime. I'm a traditionalist. I have certain values that I live by, and he practices none of those things."<br />
<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{IMDb|https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000732/|Danny Aiello}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Conservatism]]<br />
[[Category:Conservatives]]<br />
[[Category:Republicans]]<br />
[[Category:Former Democrats]]<br />
[[Category:Actors]]<br />
[[Category:Orphan pages]]<br />
[[Category:Catholics]]<br />
[[Category:New Jersey Republicans]]<br />
[[Category:Hollywood Conservatives]]</div>Reaganisawsomehttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Danny_Aiello&diff=1983524Danny Aiello2023-09-18T17:42:07Z<p>Reaganisawsome: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox person<br />
|name=Danny Aiello<br />
|fullname=Daniel Louis Aiello, Jr.<br />
|birth_date=June 20, 1933<br />
|death_date=December 12, 2019<br />
|birth_place=Manhattan, [[New York]]<br />
|death_place=[[New Jersey]]<br />
|party=[[Democrat]] (unknown-1998 or 1999)<br/>[[Republican]] (1998-until his death)<br />
|religion=Catholic<br />
|spouse=Sandy Cohen (m.1955-his death)}}<br />
'''Danny Aiello''' (June 20, 1933 - December 12, 2019) was a famous American actor who is best known for starring in many films including ''The Godfather Part II'' (1974), ''Moonstruck'' (1987), ''Jacob's Ladder'' (1990) and ''Do the Right Thing'' (1989) which earned him an Oscar nomination for Best Supporting Actor.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Before acting, Danny did a variety of jobs including serving in the Army at 16, served as President of the New York Transit Union and worked various odd jobs before making his acting debut in the 1973 film ''Bang the Drum Slowly''.<br />
<br />
==Political views==<br />
At one time Danny supported the Democratic Party and Bill Clinton. However, as years came and went, Aiello decided to stop supporting Bill Clinton and other Democrats following the Monica Lewinsky scandal. Aiello stated, "I turned in my card to become a Republican because I did not want to be known as a Democrat under that person's regime. I'm a traditionalist. I have certain values that I live by, and he practices none of those things."<br />
<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{IMDb|https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000732/|Danny Aiello}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Conservatism]]<br />
[[Category:Conservatives]]<br />
[[Category:Republicans]]<br />
[[Category:Former Democrats]]<br />
[[Category:Actors]]<br />
[[Category:Orphan pages]]<br />
[[Category:Catholics]]<br />
[[Category:New Jersey Republicans]]<br />
[[Category:Hollywood Conservatives]]</div>Reaganisawsomehttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Danny_Aiello&diff=1983523Danny Aiello2023-09-18T17:40:38Z<p>Reaganisawsome: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox person<br />
|name=Danny Aiello<br />
|fullname=Daniel Louis Aiello, Jr.<br />
|birth_date=June 20, 1933<br />
|death_date=December 12, 2019<br />
|birth_place=Manhattan, [[New York]]<br />
|death_place=[[New Jersey]]<br />
|party=[[Democrat]] (unknown-1998 or 1999)<br/>[[Republican]] (1998-until his death)<br />
|religion=Catholic<br />
|spouse=Sandy Cohen (m.1955-his death)}}<br />
'''Danny Aiello''' (June 20, 1933 - December 12, 2019) was a famous American actor who is best known for starring in many films including ''The Godfather Part II'' (1974), ''Moonstruck'' (1987), ''Jacob's Ladder'' (1990) and ''Do the Right Thing'' (1989) which earned him an Oscar nomination for Best Supporting Actor.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Before acting, Danny did a variety of jobs including serving in the Army at 16, served as President of the New York Transit Union and worked various odd jobs before making his acting debut in the 1973 film ''Bang the Drum Slowly''.<br />
<br />
==Political views==<br />
At one time Danny supported the Democratic Party and Bill Clinton. However, as years came and went, Aiello decided to stop supporting Bill Clinton and other Democrats following the Monica Lewinsky scandal. Aiello stated, "I turned in my card to become a Republican because I did not want to be known as a Democrat under that person's regime. I'm a traditionalist. I have certain values that I live by, and he practices none of those things."<br />
<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{IMDb|https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000732/|Danny Aiello}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Conservatism]]<br />
[[Category:Conservatives]]<br />
[[Category:Republicans]]<br />
[[Category:Actors]]<br />
[[Category:Orphan pages]]<br />
[[Category:Catholics]]<br />
[[Category:New Jersey Republicans]]<br />
[[Category:Hollywood Conservatives]]</div>Reaganisawsomehttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Danny_Aiello&diff=1983522Danny Aiello2023-09-18T17:38:53Z<p>Reaganisawsome: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox person<br />
|name=Danny Aiello<br />
|fullname=Daniel Louis Aiello, Jr.<br />
|birth_date=June 20, 1933<br />
|death_date=December 12, 2019<br />
|birth_place=Manhattan, [[New York]]<br />
|death_place=[[New Jersey]]<br />
|party=Democrat (unknown-1998 or 1999)<br/>[[Republican]] (1998-until his death)<br />
|religion=Catholic<br />
|spouse=Sandy Cohen (m.1955-his death)}}<br />
'''Danny Aiello''' (June 20, 1933 - December 12, 2019) was a famous American actor who is best known for starring in many films including ''The Godfather Part II'' (1974), ''Moonstruck'' (1987), ''Jacob's Ladder'' (1990) and ''Do the Right Thing'' (1989) which earned him an Oscar nomination for Best Supporting Actor.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Before acting, Danny did a variety of jobs including serving in the Army at 16, served as President of the New York Transit Union and worked various odd jobs before making his acting debut in the 1973 film ''Bang the Drum Slowly''.<br />
<br />
==Political views==<br />
At one time Danny supported the Democratic Party and Bill Clinton. However, as years came and went, Aiello decided to stop supporting Bill Clinton and other Democrats following the Monica Lewinsky scandal. Aiello stated, "I turned in my card to become a Republican because I did not want to be known as a Democrat under that person's regime. I'm a traditionalist. I have certain values that I live by, and he practices none of those things."<br />
<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{IMDb|https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000732/|Danny Aiello}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Conservatism]]<br />
[[Category:Conservatives]]<br />
[[Category:Republicans]]<br />
[[Category:Actors]]<br />
[[Category:Orphan pages]]<br />
[[Category:Catholics]]<br />
[[Category:New Jersey Republicans]]<br />
[[Category:Hollywood Conservatives]]</div>Reaganisawsomehttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Danny_Aiello&diff=1983521Danny Aiello2023-09-18T17:38:23Z<p>Reaganisawsome: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox person<br />
|name=Danny Aiello<br />
|fullname=Daniel Louis Aiello, Jr.<br />
|birth_date=June 20, 1933<br />
|death_date=December 12, 2019<br />
|birth_place=Manhattan, [[New York]]<br />
|death_place=[[New Jersey]]<br />
|party=Democrat (unknown-1998 or 1999)</br>[[Republican]] (1998-until his death)<br />
|religion=Catholic<br />
|spouse=Sandy Cohen (m.1955-his death)}}<br />
'''Danny Aiello''' (June 20, 1933 - December 12, 2019) was a famous American actor who is best known for starring in many films including ''The Godfather Part II'' (1974), ''Moonstruck'' (1987), ''Jacob's Ladder'' (1990) and ''Do the Right Thing'' (1989) which earned him an Oscar nomination for Best Supporting Actor.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Before acting, Danny did a variety of jobs including serving in the Army at 16, served as President of the New York Transit Union and worked various odd jobs before making his acting debut in the 1973 film ''Bang the Drum Slowly''.<br />
<br />
==Political views==<br />
At one time Danny supported the Democratic Party and Bill Clinton. However, as years came and went, Aiello decided to stop supporting Bill Clinton and other Democrats following the Monica Lewinsky scandal. Aiello stated, "I turned in my card to become a Republican because I did not want to be known as a Democrat under that person's regime. I'm a traditionalist. I have certain values that I live by, and he practices none of those things."<br />
<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{IMDb|https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000732/|Danny Aiello}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Conservatism]]<br />
[[Category:Conservatives]]<br />
[[Category:Republicans]]<br />
[[Category:Actors]]<br />
[[Category:Orphan pages]]<br />
[[Category:Catholics]]<br />
[[Category:New Jersey Republicans]]<br />
[[Category:Hollywood Conservatives]]</div>Reaganisawsomehttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Danny_Aiello&diff=1983516Danny Aiello2023-09-18T17:16:18Z<p>Reaganisawsome: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox person<br />
|name=Danny Aiello<br />
|fullname=Daniel Louis Aiello, Jr.<br />
|birth_date=June 20, 1933<br />
|death_date=December 12, 2019<br />
|birth_place=Manhattan, [[New York]]<br />
|death_place=[[New Jersey]]<br />
|party=[[Republican]]<br />
|religion=Catholic<br />
|spouse=Sandy Cohen (m.1955-his death)}}<br />
'''Danny Aiello''' (June 20, 1933 - December 12, 2019) was a famous American actor who is best known for starring in many films including ''The Godfather Part II'' (1974), ''Moonstruck'' (1987), ''Jacob's Ladder'' (1990) and ''Do the Right Thing'' (1989) which earned him an Oscar nomination for Best Supporting Actor.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Before acting, Danny did a variety of jobs including serving in the Army at 16, served as President of the New York Transit Union and worked various odd jobs before making his acting debut in the 1973 film ''Bang the Drum Slowly''.<br />
<br />
==Political views==<br />
At one time Danny supported the Democratic Party and Bill Clinton. However, as years came and went, Aiello decided to stop supporting Bill Clinton and other Democrats following the Monica Lewinsky scandal. Aiello stated, "I turned in my card to become a Republican because I did not want to be known as a Democrat under that person's regime. I'm a traditionalist. I have certain values that I live by, and he practices none of those things."<br />
<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{IMDb|https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000732/|Danny Aiello}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Conservatism]]<br />
[[Category:Conservatives]]<br />
[[Category:Republicans]]<br />
[[Category:Actors]]<br />
[[Category:Orphan pages]]<br />
[[Category:Catholics]]<br />
[[Category:New Jersey Republicans]]<br />
[[Category:Hollywood Conservatives]]</div>Reaganisawsomehttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Category:New_Jersey_Republicans&diff=1983510Category:New Jersey Republicans2023-09-18T17:10:59Z<p>Reaganisawsome: Adding new category</p>
<hr />
<div>While a good majority of New Jerseyans support the Democratic Party, there are New Jerseyans that support the Republican Party as well.</div>Reaganisawsomehttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Danny_Aiello&diff=1983509Danny Aiello2023-09-18T17:09:16Z<p>Reaganisawsome: Additional information</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox person<br />
|name=Danny Aiello<br />
|fullname=Daniel Louis Aiello, Jr.<br />
|birth_date=June 20, 1933<br />
|death_date=December 12, 2019<br />
|birth_place=Manhattan, [[New York]]<br />
|place_of_death=[[New Jersey]]<br />
|party=[[Republican]]<br />
|religion=Catholic<br />
|spouse=Sandy Cohen (m.1955-his death)}}<br />
'''Danny Aiello''' (June 20, 1933 - December 12, 2019) was a famous American actor who is best known for starring in many films including ''The Godfather Part II'' (1974), ''Moonstruck'' (1987), ''Jacob's Ladder'' (1990) and ''Do the Right Thing'' (1989) which earned him an Oscar nomination for Best Supporting Actor.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Before acting, Danny did a variety of jobs including serving in the Army at 16, served as President of the New York Transit Union and worked various odd jobs before making his acting debut in the 1973 film ''Bang the Drum Slowly''.<br />
<br />
==Political views==<br />
At one time Danny supported the Democratic Party and Bill Clinton. However, as years came and went, Aiello decided to stop supporting Bill Clinton and other Democrats following the Monica Lewinsky scandal. Aiello stated, "I turned in my card to become a Republican because I did not want to be known as a Democrat under that person's regime. I'm a traditionalist. I have certain values that I live by, and he practices none of those things."<br />
<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{IMDb name|732}}<br />
<br />
[[Category:Conservatism]]<br />
[[Category:Conservatives]]<br />
[[Category:Republicans]]<br />
[[Category:Actors]]<br />
[[Category:Orphan pages]]<br />
[[Category:Catholics]]<br />
[[Category:New Jersey Republicans]]<br />
[[Category:Hollywood Conservatives]]</div>Reaganisawsomehttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Danny_Aiello&diff=1983505Danny Aiello2023-09-18T17:00:44Z<p>Reaganisawsome: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Danny Aiello''' (June 20, 1933 - December 12, 2019) was a famous American actor who is best known for starring in many films including ''The Godfather Part II'' (1974), ''Moonstruck'' (1987), ''Jacob's Ladder'' (1990) and ''Do the Right Thing'' (1989) which earned him an Oscar nomination for Best Supporting Actor.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Before acting, Danny did a variety of jobs including serving in the Army at 16, served as President of the New York Transit Union and worked various odd jobs before making his acting debut in the 1973 film ''Bang the Drum Slowly''.<br />
<br />
==Political views==<br />
At one time Danny supported the Democratic Party and Bill Clinton. However, as years came and went, Aiello decided to stop supporting Bill Clinton and other Democrats following the Monica Lewinsky scandal. Aiello stated, "I turned in my card to become a Republican because I did not want to be known as a Democrat under that person's regime. I'm a traditionalist. I have certain values that I live by, and he practices none of those things."<br />
<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
<br />
[[Category:Conservatism]]<br />
[[Category:Conservatives]]<br />
[[Category:Republicans]]<br />
[[Category:Actors]]<br />
[[Category:Deceased]]<br />
[[Category:Catholics]]<br />
[[Category:Hollywood Conservatives]]</div>Reaganisawsomehttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Danny_Aiello&diff=1983504Danny Aiello2023-09-18T16:59:44Z<p>Reaganisawsome: Adjustment</p>
<hr />
<div>'''Danny Aiello''' (June 20, 1933 - December 12, 2019) was a famous American actor who is best known for starring in many films including ''The Godfather Part II'' (1974), ''Moonstruck'' (1987), ''Jacob's Ladder'' (1990) and ''Do the Right Thing'' (1989) which earned him an Oscar nomination for Best Supporting Actor.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Before acting, Danny did a variety of jobs including serving in the Army at 16, served as President of the New York Transit Union and worked various odd jobs before making his acting debut in the 1973 film ''Bang the Drum Slowly''.<br />
<br />
==Political views==<br />
At one time Danny supported the Democratic Party and Bill Clinton. However, as years came and went, Aiello decided to stop supporting Bill Clinton and other Democrats following the Monica Lewinsky scandal. Aiello stated, "I turned in my card to become a Republican because I did not want to be known as a Democrat under that person's regime. I'm a traditionalist. I have certain values that I live by, and he practices none of those things."<br />
<br />
[[Category:Conservatism]]<br />
[[Category:Conservatives]]<br />
[[Category:Republicans]]<br />
[[Category:Actors]]<br />
[[Category:Catholics]]<br />
[[Category:Hollywood Conservatives]]</div>Reaganisawsomehttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Danny_Aiello&diff=1983502Danny Aiello2023-09-18T16:58:06Z<p>Reaganisawsome: </p>
<hr />
<div>'''Danny Aiello''' (June 20, 1933 - December 12, 2019) was a famous American actor who is best known for starring in many films including ''The Godfather Part II'' (1974), ''Moonstruck'' (1987), ''Jacob's Ladder'' (1990) and ''Do the Right Thing'' (1989) which earned him an Oscar nomination for Best Supporting Actor.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Before acting, Danny did a variety of jobs including serving in the Army at 16, served as President of the New York Transit Union and worked various odd jobs before making his acting debut in the 1973 film ''Bang the Drum Slowly''.<br />
<br />
==Political views==<br />
At one time Danny supported the Democratic Party and Bill Clinton. However, as years came and went, Aiello decided to stop supporting Bill Clinton and other Democrats following the Monica Lewinsky scandal. Aiello stated, "I turned in my card to become a Republican because I did not want to be known as a Democrat under that person's regime. I'm a traditionalist. I have certain values that I live by, and he practices none of those things."<br />
<br />
[[Category:Uncategorized]][[Category:Orphan pages]]</div>Reaganisawsomehttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Danny_Aiello&diff=1983498Danny Aiello2023-09-18T16:57:06Z<p>Reaganisawsome: Adjustment</p>
<hr />
<div>'''Danny Aiello''' (June 20, 1933 - December 12, 2019) was a famous American actor who is best known for starring in many films including ''The Godfather Part II'' (1974), ''Moonstruck'' (1987), ''Jacob's Ladder'' (1990) and Do the Right Thing'' (1989) which earned him an Oscar nomination for Best Supporting Actor.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Before acting, Danny did a variety of jobs including serving in the Army at 16, served as President of the New York Transit Union and worked various odd jobs before making his acting debut in the 1973 film ''Bang the Drum Slowly''.<br />
<br />
==Political views==<br />
At one time Danny supported the Democratic Party and Bill Clinton. However, as years came and went, Aiello decided to stop supporting Bill Clinton and other Democrats following the Monica Lewinsky scandal. Aiello stated, "I turned in my card to become a Republican because I did not want to be known as a Democrat under that person's regime. I'm a traditionalist. I have certain values that I live by, and he practices none of those things."</div>Reaganisawsomehttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Danny_Aiello&diff=1983497Danny Aiello2023-09-18T16:56:41Z<p>Reaganisawsome: Adjustment</p>
<hr />
<div>'''Danny Aiello''' (June 20, 1933-December 12, 2019) was a famous American actor who is best known for starring in many films including ''The Godfather Part II'' (1974), ''Moonstruck'' (1987), ''Jacob's Ladder'' (1990) and Do the Right Thing'' (1989) which earned him an Oscar nomination for Best Supporting Actor.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Before acting, Danny did a variety of jobs including serving in the Army at 16, served as President of the New York Transit Union and worked various odd jobs before making his acting debut in the 1973 film ''Bang the Drum Slowly''.<br />
<br />
==Political views==<br />
At one time Danny supported the Democratic Party and Bill Clinton. However, as years came and went, Aiello decided to stop supporting Bill Clinton and other Democrats following the Monica Lewinsky scandal. Aiello stated, "I turned in my card to become a Republican because I did not want to be known as a Democrat under that person's regime. I'm a traditionalist. I have certain values that I live by, and he practices none of those things."</div>Reaganisawsomehttps://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Danny_Aiello&diff=1983495Danny Aiello2023-09-18T16:55:58Z<p>Reaganisawsome: Adding new page</p>
<hr />
<div>''Danny Aiello'' (June 20, 1933-December 12, 2019) was a famous American actor who is best known for starring in many films including ''The Godfather Part II'' (1974), ''Moonstruck'' (1987), ''Jacob's Ladder'' (1990) and Do the Right Thing'' (1989) which earned him an Oscar nomination for Best Supporting Actor.<br />
<br />
<br />
==Early life==<br />
Before acting, Danny did a variety of jobs including serving in the Army at 16, served as President of the New York Transit Union and worked various odd jobs before making his acting debut in the 1973 film ''Bang the Drum Slowly''.<br />
<br />
==Political views==<br />
At one time Danny supported the Democratic Party and Bill Clinton. However, as years came and went, Aiello decided to stop supporting Bill Clinton and other Democrats following the Monica Lewinsky scandal. Aiello stated, "I turned in my card to become a Republican because I did not want to be known as a Democrat under that person's regime. I'm a traditionalist. I have certain values that I live by, and he practices none of those things."</div>Reaganisawsome