Conservapedia - User contributions [en]

William Shirer

2007-04-06T03:48:34Z

Pfb: New page: Was an American journalist and historian in the twentieth century. He was a reporter for CBS News in the 1930s and 1940s and in that capacity was stationed as foreign correspondent in Nazi...

Was an American journalist and historian in the twentieth century. He was a reporter for CBS News in the 1930s and 1940s and in that capacity was stationed as foreign correspondent in Nazi Germany. He later published his diary from this period as ''Berlin Diary''. He also wrote a history of Nazi Germany called ''The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich: A History of Nazi Germany''. He also wrote a biography of Hitler called ''The Rise and Fall of Adolf Hitler''.

Henry Kissinger

2007-04-06T03:45:34Z

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[[Image:Kissinger Henry.jpg|thumb|right|Henry Kissinger]]
'''Henry Kissinger''' (born 1923) was an American diplomat who exercised enormous influence over the Administrations of Presidents [[Richard Nixon]] and [[Gerald Ford]], and influenced a key decision by President [[Jimmy Carter]].

Kissinger was a Machiavellian figure, skilled at manipulating people around him and currying favor in the media. At one point he admitted allowing secret wiretapping of his own aides' conversations.<ref>http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,907332,00.html?promoid=googlep</ref> When he testified before Congress, he would benefit from extraordinary exclusion of the press so that the American public would not hear his thick German accent. Kissinger's real first name was "Heinz", reflecting his birth in Germany.

Kissinger was loathed by some liberals who viewed him as a war criminal<ref>http://www.commondreams.org/views02/0611-03.htm</ref> and criticized by hardliners for [[detente]]. Kissinger was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1973 for pulling the United States out of Vietnam, which allowed North Vietnam to take over South Vietnam. On the other hand some conservatives have accused of having secretly been a communist. One of them, a far right conspiracy theorists named Dr. Peter Beter, claims that Kissinger murdered Nelson Rockefeller while the latter was having sexual intercourse with his mistress.

In 1979, Kissinger and [[David Rockefeller]] reportedly exerted influence over the Carter Administration to admit the [[Shah of Iran]] into the United States.<ref>http://www.unc.edu/depts/diplomat/archives_roll/2003_01-03/dauherty_shah/dauherty_shah.html</ref> Carter's decision prompted angry Shiite Muslims in Iran to capture the American embassy there and hold dozens of Americans hostage for nearly a year. The national crisis contributed to the defeat of President Jimmy Carter in the 1980 election.

The aura of Kissinger's influence was due partly to a cultivated image of high intelligence, including a PhD degree from Harvard University.

== References ==

<references/>

Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller

2007-04-06T03:43:57Z

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Nelson Rockefeller (born July 8, 1908 in Bar Harbor Maine, died January 26, 1979 in New York, New York) was Vice President of the USA under President Gerald R. Ford from 1974-1977.

He graduated from Dartmouth College in 1930. He married Mary Todhunter Clark on June 23 of that year, a few days after his graduation. Together they had five children. He divorced her in 1962 and the following year married Margretta Fitler Murphy and he had two children with her and remained married to her until his death in 1979.

He was also a prominent capitalist and Republican politician. He was the son of industrialist John D. Rockefeller, Jr. and the grandson of Standard Oil's founder and owner John D. Rockefeller. He was an adviser to President [[Franklin Roosevelt]] during [[World War II]] and during the war coordinated the USA's policies towards [[South America]].

After the war he continued as an adviser to President Truman and helped him to develop anti-communist geopolitical programs during the [[Cold War]] such such as Point Four. He also was an adviser to President Eisenhower. He left the Eisenhower administration eventually, though.

In 1958 he won his party's nomination to be governor of New York and proceeded to win the general election against Democratic incumbent Averill Harriman in an otherwise Democratic year. He unsuccessfully sought his party's presidential nomination in 1968 but withdrew from the race when it became clear that [[Richard Nixon]] would win the nomination. He supported Nixon enthusiastically in the general election campaign. But Nixon still lost to Kennedy.

In 1964 Rockefeller again sought the Republican presidential nomination but lost to USA Senator [[Barry Goldwater]] of [[Arizona]]. Rockefeller backed Goldwater in the general election, but with much less enthusiasm than he had supported Nixon. Rockefeller refused to publicly campaign with Goldwater. In 1968 Rockefeller again sought his party's presidential nomination but lost to Nixon.

He then supported Nixon enthusiastically in the general election. After Nixon resigned because of the Watergate scandal and Vice President Ford, who had himself replaced the elected vice president [[Spiro Agnew]] through appointment because Agnew had had to resign because of tax evasion, the new president appointed Rockefeller vice president. Rockefeller was replaced by USA Senator [[Robert Dole]] as the Republican party's vice presidential nominee in 1976. He campaigned for Ford and Dole enthusiastically.

But after the campaign he retired. He died of a heart attack in 1979. The official medical coroner's report claims that he died to a heart attack during sexual intercourse with his mistress and staff member Megan Marshak. However, there is a great deal of controversy about the details of what happened. Some conspiracy theorists, including Dr. Peter Beter, believe that he was murdered by the communists, specifically by Henry Kissinger, who Beter claims was secretly a communist.

Sources
''The Life of Nelson A. Rockefeller: 1908-1958: Worlds to Conquer'' by Cary Reich.
http://www.peterdavidbeter.com/docs/all/dbeye.html (link to conspiracy theory article claiming Rockefeller was assassinated)
[[Category:Vice Presidents of the United States]]

Pope John Paul I

2007-04-06T03:31:35Z

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{{stub}}

'''Pope John Paul I''' (born '''Alberto Luciani''') (October 17, 1912 – September 28, 1978) was the pope before [[Pope John Paul II]]. He was the Vicar of Christ for only 30 days before dying of a heart attack during his sleep, though [[conspiracy theory|conspiracy theories]] continue to allege that he was [[assassination|assassinated]]. One of the foremost people making these claims is an author named David Yallop, who wrote a book called ''In God's Name'' claiming that he had been murdered because he was planning to lift the Roman Catholic Church's ban on contraceptives and this offended the church's conservative leadership. He also claimed that the pope had been to put an end to a financial scandal involving the leadership of the Roman Catholic Church called the Vatican Bank scandal in which the Mafia stole money from the Vatican Bank to finance right-wing anti-communist political activity in Italy and South America. This had been supported by many clerical leaders in the Church, including Archbishop Paul Marciknus, as a bulwark against communism. There was also a group in Italy called the P-2 Lodge led by an ultra-right wing Roman Catholic politician named Licio Gelli who had served in the Italian military under Mussolini that was supported by the Vatican as a bulwark against communism that was involved in this scandal.
[[Image:John_paul_I.jpg|left|frame|Pope John Paul I]]

[[Category:Popes|John Paul I, Pope]]

Pope John Paul I

2007-04-06T03:29:53Z

Pfb:

{{stub}}

'''Pope John Paul I''' (born '''Alberto Luciani''') (October 17, 1912 – September 28, 1978) was the pope before [[Pope John Paul II]]. He was the Vicar of Christ for only 30 days before dying of a heart attack during his sleep, though [[conspiracy theory|conspiracy theories]] continue to allege that he was [[assassination|assassinated]]. One of the foremost people making these claims is an author named David Yallop, who wrote a book called ''In God's Name'' claiming that he had been murdered because he was planning to lift the Roman Catholic Church's ban on contraceptives and this offended the church's conservative leadership. He also claimed that the pope had been to put an end to a financial scandal involving the leadership of the Roman Catholic Church called the Vatican Bank scandal in which the Mafia stole money from the Vatican Bank to finance right-wing anti-communist political activity in Italy and South America. This had been supported by many clerical leaders in the Church, including Archbishop Paul Marciknus, as a bulwark against communism.
[[Image:John_paul_I.jpg|left|frame|Pope John Paul I]]

[[Category:Popes|John Paul I, Pope]]

Pope John Paul I

2007-04-06T03:29:38Z

Pfb:

{{stub}}

'''Pope John Paul I''' (born '''Alberto Luciani''') (October 17, 1912 – September 28, 1978) was the pope before [[Pope John Paul II]]. He was the Vicar of Christ for only 30 days before dying of a heart attack during his sleep, though [[conspiracy theory|conspiracy theories]] continue to allege that he was [[assassination|assassinated]]. One of the foremost people making these claims is an author named David Yallop, who wrote a book called ''In God's Name'' claiming that he had been murdered because he was planning to lift the Roman Catholic Church's ban on contraceptives and this offended the church's conservative leadership. He also claimed that the pope had been to put an end to a financial scandal involving the leadership of the Roman Catholic Church called the Vatican Bank scandal in which the Mafia stole money from the Vatican Bank to finance right-wing anti-communist political activity in Italy and South America. This had been supporters by many clerical leaders in the Church, including Archbishop Paul Marciknus, as a bulwark against communism.
[[Image:John_paul_I.jpg|left|frame|Pope John Paul I]]

[[Category:Popes|John Paul I, Pope]]

G.B. Halsted

2007-04-06T03:26:01Z

Pfb: New page: G.B. Halsted was a mathematics teacher at the University of Texas at Austin in the early twentieth century. He was interested in and a supporter of non-Euclidean geometry and translated it...

G.B. Halsted was a mathematics teacher at the University of Texas at Austin in the early twentieth century. He was interested in and a supporter of non-Euclidean geometry and translated its two founders, Janos Bolyai's and Nikolai Lobachevsky's, books about it into English. He advocated teaching non-Euclidean geometry in high school instead of traditional Euclidean geometry, which he viewed as obsolete.

Source
''A History of Mathematics Education in the United States and Canada'' National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM) yearbook.

Geometry

2007-04-06T03:22:59Z

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Geometry is the branch of mathematics dealing with shapes and spatial relationships, it is one of the two most basic branches of mathematics, the other being algebra, the study of relationships between numbers.

Algebra

2007-04-06T03:22:01Z

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'''Algebra''' is a branch of mathematics. It is the study of relationships between numbers and forms one of the two most basics parts of mathematics, the other being geometry, the study of relationships in space. It involves finding an unknown answer to a mathematical problem. It is a generalization of arithmetic in which letters stand for numbers in order to accomplish this purpose. It was invented in ancient times by a Persian astronomer named al-Khwarizmi.

Ordinary arithmetic deals with ''specific'' numbers, treated individually: 4 + 7 = 11.

Algebra uses letters that ''stand for'' numbers. These letters are called variables. For example,

x + y = 11

By using variables, algebra can go beyond individual number facts and express general relationships between ''sets'' of numbers. Thus, the equation above represents ''every pair'' of numbers that add up to 11:
*x could be 4 and y could be 7
*x could be 5 and y could be 6
*x could be 10 and y could be 1.

==Algebra as a "gatekeeper subject"==
Algebra is part of the "mental furniture" of scientists, engineers, and economists and is used throughout college courses in these subjects. It forms part of the conceptual background, even when no equations appear on the textbook page. As such, algebra is often described as a "gatekeeper course."<ref>[http://www.nwrel.org/nwreport/2005-03/4-algebra.html Journal Promotes Algebra for All], Northwest Regional Educational Laboratory</ref>. Problems with algebra can bar the door to a wide range of interesting career options.

Some students who are able to relate to the visual nature of geometry suffer "math anxiety" when confronted with the pure abstractions and symbolism of algebra. High school students who feel they are "just not mathematical," don't "get" algebra and never will, should discuss the possibility of "math anxiety" with their parents.

==Notes and references==
<references/>

[[Category:Algebra]]
[[Category:Mathematics]]

Carthage college

2007-04-06T03:18:24Z

Pfb: New page: Carthage College is a Protestant college in Kenosha, Wisconsin. It is affiliated with the ELCA (Evangelical Lutheran Church in America).

Carthage College is a Protestant college in Kenosha, Wisconsin. It is affiliated with the ELCA (Evangelical Lutheran Church in America).

Pythagoras

2007-04-06T03:16:22Z

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'''Pythagoras''' lived approximately from 582 to 507 BC. He was a Greek mathematician and philosopher, for whom the [[Pythagorean Theorem]] is named. He did not actually discover the Pythagorean Theorem, however, the [[Mesopotamia]]ns had it first. He was also an astronomer and a musician. He sought to reduce music and astronomy to numerical patterns. He believed in a concept of translating musical notes into mathematical equations and vice versa called Pythagorean tuning by use of the ratio 3:2. He also believed that the mathematical motions of the planets in outer space produced a cosmic musical symphony that he called the harmony of the spheres. He was one of the first people to realize that Venus as the morning star and Venus as the evening star were the same planet. He was also a numerologist, which means a person who gives an occult interpretation to numbers.

[[Category:Mathematicians]]
[[Category:Philosophers]]

Pythagoras

2007-04-06T03:15:41Z

Pfb:

'''Pythagoras''' lived approximately from 582 to 507 BC. He was a Greek mathematician and philosopher, for whom the [[Pythagorean Theorem]] is named. He did not actually discover the Pythagorean Theorem, however, the [[Mesopotamia]]ns had it first. He was also an astronomer and a musician. He sought to reduce music and astronomy to numerical patterns. He believed in a concept of translating musical notes into mathematical equations and vice versa called Pythagorean tuning by use of the ratio 3:2. He also believed that the mathematical motions of the planets in outer space produced a cosmic musical symphony that he called the harmony of the spheres. He was one of the first people to realize that Venus as the morning star and Venus as the evening star were the same planet.

[[Category:Mathematicians]]
[[Category:Philosophers]]

Pythagoras

2007-04-06T03:15:00Z

Pfb:

'''Pythagoras''' lived approximately from 582 to 507 BC. He was a Greek mathematician and philosopher, for whom the [[Pythagorean Theorem]] is named. He did not actually discover the Pythagorean Theorem, however, the [[Mesopotamia]]ns had it first. He was also an astronomer and a musician. He sought to reduce music and astronomy to numerical patterns. He believed in a concept of translating musical notes into mathematical equations and vice versa called Pythagorean tuning by use of the ratio 3:2. He also believed that the mathematical motions of the planets in outer space produced a cosmic musical symphony that he called the harmony of the spheres.

[[Category:Mathematicians]]
[[Category:Philosophers]]

Pythagoras

2007-04-06T03:14:43Z

Pfb:

'''Pythagoras''' lived from 582 to 507 BC. He was a Greek mathematician and philosopher, for whom the [[Pythagorean Theorem]] is named. He did not actually discover the Pythagorean Theorem, however, the [[Mesopotamia]]ns had it first. He was also an astronomer and a musician. He sought to reduce music and astronomy to numerical patterns. He believed in a concept of translating musical notes into mathematical equations and vice versa called Pythagorean tuning by use of the ratio 3:2. He also believed that the mathematical motions of the planets in outer space produced a cosmic musical symphony that he called the harmony of the spheres.

[[Category:Mathematicians]]
[[Category:Philosophers]]

Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller

2007-04-06T03:07:30Z

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Nelson Rockefeller (born July 8, 1908 in Bar Harbor Maine, died January 26, 1979 in New York, New York) was Vice President of the USA under President Gerald R. Ford from 1974-1977. He was also a prominent capitalist and Republican politician. He was the son of industrialist John D. Rockefeller, Jr. and the grandson of Standard Oil's founder and owner John D. Rockefeller. He was an adviser to President Franklin Roosevelt during World War II and during the war coordinated the USA's policies towards South America. After the war he continued as an adviser to President Truman and helped him to develop anti-communist geopolitical programs during the Cold War such such as Point Four. He also was an adviser to President Eisenhower. He left the Eisenhower administration eventually, though. In 1958 he won his party's nomination to be governor of New York and proceeded to win the general election against Democratic incumbent Averill Harriman in an otherwise Democratic year. He unsuccessfully sought his party's presidential nomination in 1968 but withdrew from the race when it became clear that Richard Nixon would win the nomination. He supported Nixon enthusiastically in the general election campaign. But Nixon still lost to Kennedy. In 1964 Rockefeller again sought the Republican presidential nomination but lost to USA Senator Barry Goldwater of Arizona. Rockefeller backed Goldwater in the general election, but with much less enthusiasm than he had supported Nixon. Rockefeller refused to publicly campaign with Goldwater. In 1968 Rockefeller again sought his party's presidential nomination but lost to Nixon. He then supported Nixon enthusiastically in the general election. After Nixon resigned because of the Watergate scandal and Vice President Ford, who had himself replaced the elected vice president Spiro Agnew through appointment because Agnew had had to resign because of tax evasion, the new president appointed Rockefeller vice president. Rockefeller was replaced by USA Senator Robert Dole as the Republican party's vice presidential nominee in 1976. He campaigned for Ford and Dole enthusiastically. But after the campaign he retired. He died of a heart attack in 1979.

Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller

2007-04-06T03:04:24Z

Pfb:

Nelson Rockefeller (born July 8, 1908 in Bar Harbor Maine, died January 26, 1979 in New York, New York) was Vice President of the USA under President Gerald R. Ford from 1974-1977. He was also a prominent capitalist and Republican politician. He was the son of industrialist John D. Rockefeller, Jr. and the grandson of Standard Oil's founder and owner John D. Rockefeller. He was an adviser to President Franklin Roosevelt during World War II and during the war coordinated the USA's policies towards South America. After the war he continued as an adviser to President Truman and helped him to develop anti-communist geopolitical programs during the Cold War such such as Point Four. He also was an adviser to President Eisenhower. He left the Eisenhower administration eventually, though. In 1958 he won his party's nomination to be governor of New York and proceeded to win the general election against Democratic incumbent Averill Harriman in an otherwise Democratic year. He unsuccessfully sought his party's presidential nomination in 1968 but withdrew from the race when it became clear that Richard Nixon would win the nomination. He supported Nixon enthusiastically in the general election campaign. But Nixon still lost to Kennedy. In 1964 Rockefeller again sought the Republican presidential nomination but lost to USA Senator Barry Goldwater of Arizona. Rockefeller backed Goldwater in the general election, but with much less enthusiasm than he had supported Nixon. Rockefeller refused to publicly campaign with Goldwater. In 1968 Rockefeller again sought his party's presidential nomination but lost to Nixon. He then supported Nixon enthusiastically in the general election.

Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller

2007-04-06T03:03:35Z

Pfb:

Nelson Rockefeller (born July 8, 1908 in Bar Harbor Maine, died January 26, 1979 in New York, New York) was Vice President of the USA under President Gerald R. Ford from 1974-1977. He was also a prominent capitalist and Republican politician. He was the son of industrialist John D. Rockefeller, Jr. and the grandson of Standard Oil's founder and owner John D. Rockefeller. He was an adviser to President Franklin Roosevelt during World War II and during the war coordinated the USA's policies towards South America. After the war he continued as an adviser to President Truman and helped him to develop anti-communist geopolitical programs during the Cold War such such as Point Four. He also was an adviser to President Eisenhower. He left the Eisenhower administration eventually, though. In 1958 he won his party's nomination to be governor of New York and proceeded to win the general election against Democratic incumbent Averill Harriman in an otherwise Democratic year. He unsuccessfully sought his party's presidential nomination in 1968 but withdrew from the race when it became clear that Richard Nixon would win the nomination. He supported Nixon enthusiastically in the general election campaign. But Nixon still lost to Kennedy. In 1964 Rockefeller again sought the Republican presidential nomination but lost to USA Senator Barry Goldwater of Arizona. Rockefeller backed Goldwater in the general election, but with much less enthusiasm than he had supported Nixon. Rockefeller refused to publicly campaign with Goldwater.

Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller

2007-04-06T03:02:31Z

Pfb: New page: Nelson Rockefeller (born July 8, 1908 in Bar Harbor Maine, died January 26, 1979 in New York, New York) was Vice President of the USA under President Gerald R. Ford from 1974-1977. He was ...

Nelson Rockefeller (born July 8, 1908 in Bar Harbor Maine, died January 26, 1979 in New York, New York) was Vice President of the USA under President Gerald R. Ford from 1974-1977. He was also a prominent capitalist and Republican politician. He was the son of industrialist John D. Rockefeller, Jr. and the grandson of Standard Oil's founder and owner John D. Rockefeller. He was an adviser to President Franklin Roosevelt during World War II and during the war coordinated the USA's policies towards South America. After the war he continued as an adviser to President Truman and helped him to develop anti-communist geopolitical programs during the Cold War such such as Point Four. He also was an adviser to President Eisenhower. He left the Eisenhower administration eventually, though. In 1958 he won his party's nomination to be governor of New York and proceeded to win the general election against Democratic incumbent Averill Harriman in an otherwise Democratic year. He unsuccessfully sought his party's presidential nomination in 1968 but withdrew from the race when it became clear that Richard Nixon would win the nomination. He supported Nixon enthusiastically in the general election campaign. But Nixon still lost to Kennedy. In 1964 Rockefeller again sought the Republican presidential nomination but lost to USA Senator Barry Goldwater of Arizona.

Presidents of the United States

2007-04-06T02:55:19Z

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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"
|+
== '''Presidents of the United States''' ==
|-
! Presidents !! Vice Presidents
|-
| [[Image:george_washington_3.jpg|70px]][[George Washington]] (1789-1797) ||[[Image:John_adams.gif|70px]][[John Adams]] (1789-1797)
|-
| [[Image:John_adams.gif|70px]][[John Adams]] (1797-1801) || [[Image:Thomas_jefferson.jpg|70px]][[Thomas Jefferson]] (1797-1801)
|-
| [[Image:Thomas_jefferson.jpg|70px]][[Thomas Jefferson]] (1801-1809) || |-
| || [[Image:George_clinton.jpg|70px]][[George Clinton]] (1805-1809)
|-
| [[Image:James_madison.jpg|70px]][[James Madison]] (1809-1817)|| [[Image:George_clinton.jpg|70px]][[George Clinton]] (1809-1812)
|-
| || none (1812-1813)
|-
| || [[Image:Elbridge_gerry.jpg|70px]][[Elbridge Gerry]] (1813-1814)
|-
| || none (1814-1817)
|-
| [[Image:James_monroe.jpg|80px]][[James Monroe]] (1817-1825) || [[Image:Daniel_tompkins.jpg|80px]][[Daniel D. Tompkins]] (1817-1825)
|-
| [[Image:John_quincy_adams.jpg|70px]][[John Quincy Adams]] (1825-1829) || [[Image:John_calhoun.jpg|70px]][[John C. Calhoun]] (1825-1829)
|-
| [[Image:Andrew_jackson.jpeg|70px]][[Andrew Jackson]] (1829-1837) || [[Image:John_calhoun.jpg|70px]][[John C. Calhoun]] (1829-1832)
|-
| || none (1832-1833)
|-
| || [[Image:Martin_van_buren.jpg|70px]][[Martin Van Buren]] (1833-1837)
|-
| [[Image:Martin_van_buren.jpg|70px]][[Martin Van Buren]] (1837-1841) || [[Image:Richard_johnson.jpg|90px]][[Richard M. Johnson]] (1837-1841)
|-
| [[Image:William_harrison.jpg|70px]][[William Henry Harrison]] (1841) || [[Image:John_tyler.jpg|70px]][[John Tyler]] (1841)
|-
| [[Image:John_tyler.jpg|70px]][[John Tyler]] (1841-1845) || none (1841-1845)
|-
| [[Image:James_polk.jpg|70px]][[James K. Polk]] (1845-1849) || [[Image:George_dallas.jpg|70px]][[George M. Dallas]] (1845-1849)
|-
| [[Image:Zachary_taylor.jpg|70px]][[Zachary Taylor]] (1849-1850) || [[Image:Millard_fillmore.jpg|70px]][[Millard Fillmore]] (1849-1850)
|-
| [[Image:Millard_fillmore.jpg|70px]][[Millard Fillmore]] (1850-1853) || none (1850-1853)
|-
| [[Image:Franklin_pierce.jpg|70px]][[Franklin Pierce]] (1853-1857) || [[Image:William_king.jpg|70px]][[William King]] (1853)
|-
| || none (1853-1857)
|-
| [[Image:James_buchanan.jpg|70px]][[James Buchanan]] (1857-1861) || [[Image:Breckinridge.jpg|95px]][[John C. Breckinridge]] (1857-1861)
|-
| [[Image:Abraham_lincoln.jpg|70px]][[Abraham Lincoln]] (1861-1865) || [[Image:Hannibal_hamlin.jpg|70px]][[Hannibal Hamlin]] (1861-1865)
|-
| || [[Image:Andrew_johnson.jpg|70px]][[Andrew Johnson]] (1865)
|-
| [[Image:Andrew_johnson.jpg|70px]][[Andrew Johnson]] (1865-1869) || none (1865-1869)
|-
| [[Image:Ulysses_grant.jpg|75px]][[Ulysses S. Grant]] (1869-1877) || [[Image:Schuyler_colfax.jpg|70px]][[Schuyler Colfax]] (1869-1873)
|-
| || [[Image:Henry_wilson.jpg|75px]][[Henry Wilson]] (1873-1875)
|-
| || none (1875-1877)
|-
| [[Image:Rutherford_hayes.jpg|75px]][[Rutherford B. Hayes]] (1877-1881) || [[Image:William_wheeler.jpg|70px]][[William Wheeler]] (1877-1881)
|-
| [[Image:James_garfield.jpg|70px]][[James A. Garfield]] (1881) || [[Image:Chester_arthur.jpg|75px]][[Chester Arthur]] (1881)
|-
| [[Image:Chester_arthur.jpg|75px]][[Chester Arthur]] (1881-1885) || none (1881-1885)
|-
| [[Image:Grover_cleveland.jpg|70px]][[Grover Cleveland]] (1885-1889) || [[Image:Thomas_hendricks.jpg|70px]][[Thomas Hendricks]] (1885)
|-
| ||none (1885-1889)
|-
| [[Image:Benjamin_harrison.jpg|70px]][[Benjamin Harrison]] (1889-1893) || [[Image:Levi_morton.jpg|70px]][[Levi P. Morton]] (1889-1893)
|-
| [[Image:Grover_cleveland.jpg|70px]][[Grover Cleveland]] (1893-1897) || [[Image:Adlai_Ewing_Stevenson.jpg|70px]][[Adlai Ewing Stevenson]] (1893-1897)
|-
|[[Image:William_mckinley.jpg|70px]][[William McKinley]] (1897-1901) || [[Image:Garret_hobart.jpg|85px]][[Garret Hobart]] (1897-1901)
|-
| || [[Image:Theodore_roosevelt.jpg|70px]][[Theodore Roosevelt]] (1901)
|-
| [[Image:Theodore_roosevelt.jpg|70px]][[Theodore Roosevelt]] (1901-1909) || none (1901-1905)
|-
| || [[Image:Charles_fairbanks.jpg|70px]][[Charles Fairbanks]] (1905-1909)
|-
| [[Image:William_taft.jpg|70px]][[William Howard Taft]] (1909-1913) || [[Image:James_sherman.jpg|70px]][[James S. Sherman]] (1909-1912)
|-
| || none (1912-1913)
|-
| [[Image:Woodrow_wilson.jpg|70px]][[Woodrow Wilson]] (1913-1921) || [[Image:Thomas_marshall.gif|70px]][[Thomas R. Marshall]] (1913-1921)
|-
| [[Image:Warren_harding.jpg|70px]][[Warren G. Harding]] (1921-1923) || [[Image:Calvin_coolidge.jpg|80px]][[Calvin Coolidge]] (1921-1923)
|-
| [[Image:Calvin_coolidge.jpg|80px]][[Calvin Coolidge]] (1923-1929) ||none (1923-1925)
|-
| || [[Image:Charles_dawes.jpg |70px]][[Charles Dawes]] (1925-1929)
|-
| [[Image:Herbert_hoover.jpg|70px]][[Herbert Hoover]] (1929-1933) || [[Image:Charles_curtis.jpg |70px]][[Charles Curtis]] (1929-1933)
|-
| [[Image:Franklin_roosevelt.jpg |70px]][[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] (1933-1945) ||[[Image:John_garner.jpg |70px]][[John Nance Garner]] (1933-1941)
|-
| || [[Image:Henry_wallace.jpg |70px]][[Henry A. Wallace]] (1941-1945)
|-
| || [[Image:Harry_truman.jpg |70px]][[Harry S. Truman]] (1945)
|-
| [[Image:Harry_truman.jpg |70px]][[Harry S Truman]] (1945-1953) || none (1945-1949)
|-
| || [[Image:Alben_barkley.jpg |70px]][[Alben Barkley]] (1949-1953)
|-
| [[Image:Dwight_eisenhower.jpg |80px]][[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] (1953-1961) || [[Image:Richard_nixon.gif|80px]][[Richard Nixon]] (1953-1961)
|-
| [[Image:John_kennedy.jpg |70px]][[John F. Kennedy]] (1961-1963) || [[Image:Lyndon_johnson.jpg |70px]][[Lyndon B. Johnson]] (1961-1963)
|-
| [[Image:Lyndon_johnson.jpg |70px]][[Lyndon B. Johnson]] (1963-1969) || none (1963-1965)
|-
| || [[Image:Hubert_humphrey.jpg |70px]][[Hubert Humphrey]] (1965-1969)
|-
| [[Image:Richard_nixon.gif|80px]][[Richard Nixon]] (1969-1974) || [[Image:Spiro_agnew.jpg |70px]][[Spiro Agnew]] (1969-1973)
|-
| || none (Oct 10 - Dec 6, 1973)
|-
| || [[Image:Gerald_ford.jpg |80px]][[Gerald Ford]] (1973-1974)
|-
| [[Image:Gerald_ford.jpg |80px]][[Gerald Ford]] (1974-1977) ||[[Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller]] (1974-1977)
|-
| [[Image:Jimmy_carter.jpg |80px]][[Jimmy Carter]] (1977-1981) || [[Image:Ronald_reagan.jpg |80px]][[Ronald Reagan]] (1981-1989) |- [[Image:George_h_bush.jpg |70px]][[George H. W. Bush]] (1989-1993) || | [[Image:Bill_clinton.jpg |60px]][[William Jefferson Clinton]] (1993-2001) || | [[Image:George_w_bush.jpeg |70px]][[George W. Bush]] (2001-Present)

Pope John Paul I

2007-04-06T02:54:38Z

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Muhammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī

2007-04-06T02:52:40Z

Pfb: New page: Was an ancient Persian astronomer and mathematician. He invented algebra, the branch of mathematics that deals with relationships between numbers. He wrote the first algebra book in the hi...

Was an ancient Persian astronomer and mathematician. He invented algebra, the branch of mathematics that deals with relationships between numbers. He wrote the first algebra book in the history of mathematics, it was entitled ''al-Kitab aljubra wal-Muqabala'' in Arabic and translates into ''The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing'' in English. The title of the book is where the word algebra in English derives from. His name is also the source of the word algorithm, which means a method for solving a mathematical problem, an algorithm must be followed very strict and have a finite number of steps each followed in the correct order.

Pepsi

2007-04-06T02:47:24Z

Pfb: New page: Pepsi is a carbonated soft drink manufactured by Pepsi Co. It was invented by a pharmacist named Caleb Bradham in the late nineteenth century.

Pepsi is a carbonated soft drink manufactured by Pepsi Co. It was invented by a pharmacist named Caleb Bradham in the late nineteenth century.

Nikolai I. Lobachevsky

2007-04-06T02:46:07Z

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[[Image:Obachevsky.jpg|right|thumb]]
'''Nikolai I. Lobachevsky''' (1792-1856) was a Russian mathematician.

He developed [[non-Euclidean geometry]] independently of his rival the Hungarian mathematician Janos Bolyai, who developed the same concept at the same time. Non-Euclidean geometry is a system of geometry that rejects traditional Euclidean geometry's fifth postulate that parallel lines can never intersect. He also invented a method for finding the approximations of the roots of algebraic equations.

He is also the subject of a rather amusing song by the comedic musician, [[Tom Lehrer]].

[[Category: Mathematicians|Lobachevsky, Nikolai I]]

Non-Euclidean geometry

2007-04-06T02:44:43Z

Pfb: New page: Non-Euclidean geometry is a form of geometry that rejects traditional Euclidean geometry's fifth that parallel lines extend to infinity and never intersect. There are two main forms of non...

Non-Euclidean geometry is a form of geometry that rejects traditional Euclidean geometry's fifth that parallel lines extend to infinity and never intersect. There are two main forms of non-Euclidean geometry, hyperbolic and elliptic. The former allows parallel lines to intersect, the latter does not have parallel lines. In Euclidean geometry because parallel lines go on to infinity and never intersect triangles are always greater than 180 degrees, in hyperbolic geometry because parallel lines do intersect triangles are always less than 180 degrees. In elliptic geometry triangles are always greater than 180 degrees because there are no parallel lines. Non-Euclidean geometry was invented in the early nineteenth century by a Russian mathematician named [[Nikolai I. Lobachevsky]].

Nikolai I. Lobachevsky

2007-04-06T02:38:38Z

Pfb:

[[Image:Obachevsky.jpg|right|thumb]]
'''Nikolai I. Lobachevsky''' (1792-1856) was a Russian mathematician.

He was one of the pioneers of [[non-Euclidean geometry]], a system of geometry that rejects traditional Euclidean geometry's fifth postulate that parallel lines can never intersect. He also invented a method for finding the approximations of the roots of algebraic equations.

He is also the subject of a rather amusing song by the comedic musician, [[Tom Lehrer]].

[[Category: Mathematicians|Lobachevsky, Nikolai I]]

Nikolai I. Lobachevsky

2007-03-18T03:48:00Z

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Nikolai I. Lobachevsky (1792-1856) was a Russian mathematician. He invented non-Euclidean geometry, a system of geometry that rejects traditional Euclidean geometry's fifth postulate that parallel lines can never intersect. He also invented a method for finding the approximations of the roots of algebraic equations.

Carl Friedrich Gauss

2007-03-18T03:46:16Z

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Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777–1855) was a German mathematician considered to be one of the greatest of all time, sometimes called the "the prince of mathematicians." He had an enormous impact on many areas of mathematics, including [[number theory]], [[analysis]], [[geometry]], [[electromagnetism]], [[astronomy]] and [[optics]].

Gauss was one of the first mathematicians to prove the fundamental theorem of algebra, which holds that every polynomial over the complex numbers must have at least one root. Gauss also collaborated with physicist [[Wilhelm Weber]] tho help discover magnetism and define it in terms of mass, length and time. Gauss influenced a Russian mathematician named [[Nikolai I. Lobachevsky|Nikolai I. Lobachevsky]] (1792-1856). Lobachevsky invented non-Euclidean geometry and used some of Gauss's ideas to develop it. Gauss was a devout Christian and supported monarchy and opposed Napoleon, whom he saw as an outgrowth of the revolution.

The ''gauss,'' a unit of magnetic flux density, is named in his honor. It is not a formal part of the SI (metric system), although it is still widely used. The proper SI unit is the ''tesla.'' One tesla = 10<sup>4</sup> gauss.

Carl Friedrich Gauss

2007-03-18T00:27:17Z

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Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777–1855) was a German mathematician considered to be one of the greatest of all time, sometimes called the "the prince of mathematicians." He had an enormous impact on many areas of mathematics, including [[number theory]], [[analysis]], [[geometry]], [[electromagnetism]], [[astronomy]] and [[optics]].

Gauss was one of the first mathematicians to prove the fundamental theorem of algebra, which holds that every polynomial over the complex numbers must have at least one root. Gauss also collaborated with physicist [[Wilhelm Weber]] tho help discover magnetism and define it in terms of mass, length and time. Gauss influenced a Russian mathematician named Nikolai I. Lobachevsky (1792-1856). Lobachevsky invented non-Euclidean geometry and used some of Gauss's ideas to develop it. Gauss was a devout Christian and supported monarchy and opposed Napoleon, whom he saw as an outgrowth of the revolution.