Conservapedia - User contributions [en]

Media redefinition

2011-09-09T15:01:03Z

Patrick78: important

'''Media redefinition''' pertains specifically to the labels and descriptors given to individuals in news stories and which change as the public perception of a given individual shifts. Often, a racist element is involved - for example dropping or downplaying an individual's foreign heritage when said individual succeeds but emphasising it when they are disgraced, as in the case of Ben Johnson<ref>http://runningtimes.com/Article.aspx?ArticleID=4641&PageNum=3</ref>

This sort of media redefinition is common among [[liberal]] media outlets but less controversial instances have been known to occur within conservative outlets such as Fox News. Examples include the supression of the word "rich" in favour of the term "job creators", or less recently, the use of "homocide bomber" instead of "suicide bomber".

==See also==
*[[Liberal redefinition]]

{{Liberalism}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

Talk:Conservative Dictionary Project

2011-09-07T14:27:38Z

Patrick78: /* Parody */

== a couple thoughts ==

I love the idea, but i feel like I have a couple helpful ideas to act as guidelines. First people will need to decide if this should be a total dictionary or just key words. Right now we have the conservativemeaning of lawn, is there a liberal meaning ? Second,to use useful as a dictionary, does every word need its mainstream and conservative definition? If a liberal uses a word and someone doesnt know what it means, I doubt the conservative definition will help them understand what the person was saying. Since that is the main benefit in the age of spell checkers of dictionaries.--[[User:KenN|KenN]] 09:10, 3 September 2011 (EDT)

:Lawn is actually the ''perfect'' example of a word that should be on the list. Some people might refer to it as 'grass', which is of course, a slang for an illicit drug. Conservatives are beyond such stupidity, so 'lawn' belongs on the list. You must remember that the process of changing our language is slow and insidious. It begins with trivial, laughable things and ends up with Christians in death camps. Putting it another way, if you spot a weed in your garden you pull it out rather than let it fester and spread. (perhaps "weed" can also be on there for the same reason- can anyone suggest an alternative word?) --[[User:SallyMartinez|<3 Sally]] 09:21, 3 September 2011 (EDT)

:: Seems like you are suggesting more of a conservative Thesaurus then a Dictionary. A dictionary is a book used to find the spellings and meanings of words. A Thesaurus is useful for finding the best words. I'm thinking a conservative thesaurus would actually be a great idea. --[[User:KenN|KenN]] 13:12, 3 September 2011 (EDT)

::: This seems to be an issue we have to address soon. I notice there are entries for deltiology, chair, door, and doorknob. Are we attempting to create a complete dictionary, or just create a lexicon of words that are relevant to conservatives, or have proper conservative meanings. My suggestion would be for the latter, there are plenty of websites that can define a chair as well as conservapedia can, so it doesn't seem like the best use of our time. My suggestion would be, if you can't come up with a particular conservative definition that differs from the false liberal definition, preferably filling out both the true conservative and false liberal sections, it isn't for this project. I am as suspicious of liberals as anyone, but they probably can define a chair. Whether this is the ultimate decision or not, I do think we should figure this out before the project gets too far along.--[[User:GrahamB|GrahamB]] 16:12, 4 September 2011 (EDT)

:::: While one word may be safe from [[liberal redefinition]] today, it doesn't mean it's safe from [[liberal redefinition]] tomorrow. This project is a safehaven for words against liberals and their [[secularized language]]. Conservapedia contains many articles that aren't political. We have articles on [[door]], [[chair]], and [[doorknob]]. What Conservapedia is to encylopedias this dictionary is to dictionaries. Instead of trying to limit people's [[freedom of speech]], why don't you contribute to the project? --[[User:BradleyS|BradleyS]] 16:26, 4 September 2011 (EDT)

:::::My apologies for giving offense, I certainly wasn't trying to limit anyone's freedom of speech. I am OK with whichever direction this project ends up taking, and I have and will continue to contribute to it. If this is the direction it goes on, I am fully on board, I was just raising the question. --[[User:GrahamB|GrahamB]] 16:32, 4 September 2011 (EDT)

== Conservative redefinition. ==

I agree with the premise that liberals have changed the meaning of many important words; freedom and equality being two of the most important. But if we're talking about liberal redefinition then it's important to avoid conservative redefinition. There needs to be serious and proper guidelines for this dictionary BEFORE we start adding words or it's just going to be a massive mess of peoples' opinions, and never a credible resource. Take, for example, "liberal." We're defined this as, "Somone who rejects logic and supports an overbearing government and anti-Christian policies," and coming from the 14th century. Liberal has meant many things through its time, and if we look at the Gladstonian Liberalism, it was economically very right-wing. But we must acknowledge that the word has changed. By acknowledging that the word's meaning has changed over time and simply putting an overbearingly conservative definition which doesn't even address their beliefs properly, we're not making a serious resource. And, come on, cheap comments like, "a liberal is someone who rejects logic," is just conservative redefinition, and it makes us just as bad as anyone who we accuse of liberal definition. We should always hold ourselves to the standards who hold others. And saying, "But the liberals do it," isn't an excuse. [[User:AlycaZ|AlycaZ]] 10:28, 3 September 2011 (EDT)

:: I agree that this shouldn't become a conservative redefinition, which is kind of an oxymoron. If we are to take back words liberals have changed the meanings of, we have to use the original conservative meaning, not some new meaning. --[[User:KenN|KenN]] 13:12, 3 September 2011 (EDT)

:::Well, we're already doing it. "Liberal" is the classic example. We can all agree that liberals like big government, are anti-Christian and reject logic. But has that ever been the definition of liberal? We might all agree that Muslims reject Christianity, and as such, are going to hell. But we do not define Muslim as someone who is going to hell. The idea posted above about 'lawn' is textbook revisionism. The idea that, because people have come to use 'grass' as a term for drugs, it is no longer a conservative thing to do to consider your 'lawn' to be 'grass' is preposterous. If grass ORIGINALLY meant that, and now means something else, then claiming back the true meaning is not to call it something else. Also, when talking about using the word lawn, to say, " remember that the process of changing our language is slow and insidious. It begins with trivial, laughable things and ends up with Christians in death camps." is absurd and unnecessary. [[User:AlycaZ|AlycaZ]] 13:25, 3 September 2011 (EDT)

::::I say "mow the grass", and I call weeds weeds and weed weed. Different parts of the country have different slang and dialects. Liberal can mean lots of things, and will probably mean something different, it as depends on where you set the medium of the political spectrum at. Infanticide means killing of infants, which a fetus isn't an infant. --[[User:KenN|KenN]] 13:46, 3 September 2011 (EDT)

:::::Regretabbly, this is not correct. A fetus '''is''' an infant. Christianity teaches that life begins at conception -- a fetus is an infant much like how a child is a person. Fetus is also a medical term rather than a general term (such as 'fratricide' vs 'friendly fire'). --[[User:SallyMartinez|<3 Sally]] 01:41, 4 September 2011 (EDT)

:::::: Conservapedia's article on [[Liberal]] clearly states right at the beginning "is someone who rejects logical and biblical standards". If you have a problem with this definition, take it there.
:::::: This project complements Conservapedia; if you want a quick, true definition of a word, come here. If you want more in-depth analysis and insights, read the Conservapedia article. The same way Conservapedia contains all the knowledge an encyclopedia should, this dictionary should contain all the knowledge a dictionary should. --[[User:BradleyS|BradleyS]] 02:00, 4 September 2011 (EDT)

::::::: How come when Ambrose Bierce writes [[The Devil's Dictionary|a dictionary for the devil]] he gets praised, but when we want to write a dictionary for conservatives suddenly it's "conservative redifinition"? --[[User:BradleyS|BradleyS]] 02:16, 4 September 2011 (EDT)

== Maybe a template could be useful here? ==

I don't know much, if anything, about creating templates on Mediawiki, but maybe a template that mimics the popular dictionary sites would make this a bit more organized? Something along the lines of the [http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/word output from dictionary.com] (minus the advertisements, of course), perhaps? [[User:KevinDavis|KevinDavis]] [[User talk:KevinDavis|Talk]] 13:41, 3 September 2011 (EDT)
:How about [[User:KevinDavis/dictionary|this]] as a template? [[User:KevinDavis|KevinDavis]] [[User talk:KevinDavis|Talk]] 17:54, 3 September 2011 (EDT)

== May I make some suggestions ==

:[[atheism]] - conscious denial of God's existence, the belief that God does not exist
:[[atheist]] - one who consciously denies that God exists, who believes that God does not exist
:[[agnosticism]] - not having an opinion about whether God exists, not knowing whether God exists
:[[agnostic]] - someone who does not have a definite opinion about whether God exists, who does not claim to know whether God exists
:[[cosmodicy]] - the problem of evil for atheists, the problem of justifying the fundamental goodness of the universe in the face of evil
See the article [[Definition of atheism]] for some justification of why these are correct definitions, and alternate definitions proposed by atheists are an attempt to redefine some of these words.
I didn't want to just go ahead and add them myself, because I wasn't sure if I had the right idea or not. But if others agree, please add them. [[User:Maratrean|Maratrean]] 01:30, 4 September 2011 (EDT)

== Dictionary API ==

Are we aiming for a complete dictionary? If so, I could use [http://googlesystem.blogspot.com/2009/12/on-googles-unofficial-dictionary-api.html Google's dictionary API] and the Mediawiki API to write a lot of definitions quickly. I'm still having trouble accessing the site regularly from my home and a local university library, but if that gets cleared up I could probably write something in a few days that could work. What does everyone think? [[User:KevinDavis|KevinDavis]] [[User talk:KevinDavis|Talk]] 11:30, 4 September 2011 (EDT)

== Parody ==

I just wanted ask if this is suppose to be satire or parady ? Personally i wouldn't define bigotry as pointing out the truth or bureaucracy as bloated ineffectiv ase government. Bigotry is a very unchristian,and bureaucracy is a hierarchy used in any corporate structure. As a conservative with a BS in Business Administration they treat you bureaucracy is part of any corporation.--[[User:KenN|KenN]] 22:49, 4 September 2011 (EDT)

: Good comments, resulting in corrections. Please feel free to edit the entry yourself.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 22:58, 4 September 2011 (EDT)

::Also, a lot of users are adding words like "cow" and "door knob" which don't have any political controversy attached to them. As this project is designed to combat liberal redefinition, rather than just list every word (I assume), perhaps we should make it a requirement that any new entry is made with the 'Liberal false definition' clearly stated. Otherwise troublemakers will sneak any old word in. Thoughts? [[User:Patrick78|Patrick78]] 10:27, 7 September 2011 (EDT)

== A suggestion for proceeding ==

My grandfather is in the process of writing a French-Occitanian dictionary, and what he has been doing is to go through each page in his dictionaries and writing the translations. He's currently at over a thousand pages, so this precise method probably wouldn't be much good here, but perhaps if there exists a political dictionary (preferably not one written by a pundit) this could be used as a basis?--[[User:CamilleT|CamilleT]] 14:51, 5 September 2011 (EDT)

== Formatting - please read ==

I think the words should be arranged in a table format, instead of simply a list. Not only will it scale better, but since Mediawiki [https://secure.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/wiki/Help:Sorting supports sortable tables], I think we could implement that syntax. Does this sound like a good idea? I'll try to write out the syntax when I have the chance, but please tell me what you think before I do so. [[User:KevinDavis|Kevin Davis]] [[User talk:KevinDavis|Talk]] 09:14, 7 September 2011 (EDT)

Conservative Dictionary Project (D)

2011-09-07T14:25:01Z

Patrick78: ditto my previous edit. remove "door" and "door knob"

:'''[[Darwinism]]'''
:''True conservative meaning'' - The false religion of evolution.
: ''False liberal redefinition'' - A pejorative term used by Creationists to refer to evolution.

:'''[[decriminalization]]'''
:''True conservative meaning'' - The act of removing criminal penalties from crimes.
: ''False liberal redefinition'' - Compassion regarding addiction and other crimes.

:'''[[Democrat]]'''
:Date: 1789
:''True conservative meaning'' - member of the tax-and-spend, anti-Christian and pro-abortion [[Democratic Party]].
: ''False liberal redefinition'' - someone who supports democracy

:'''deltiology'''
:Date: 1648
:''True conservative meaning'' - the study and collection of postcards

:'''demagogue'''
:Date: 1648
:''True conservative meaning'' - a leader who obtains power through [[liberal deceit]]

:'''[[deregulation]]'''
:Date: 1963
:''True conservative meaning'' - allowing companies to make profits without constant government interference
: ''False liberal redefinition'' - getting rid of laws, passed and enforced by a democratic government, that curb the excesses and harmful practices of businesses

:'''[[dictator]]'''
:''True conservative meaning'' - A despot who rules without the consent of the people. See [[Adolph Hitler]] for a notorious example .
: ''False liberal redefinition'' - any conservative leader.

{{Navbox
|name=Conservative Dictionary Project
|basestyle=font-size: 105%; background-color:#0000cf;
|title=[[Conservative Dictionary Project|Conservative Dictionary Project]]

|group1style=font-size: 85%; background-color:#bf0000;
|group1='''A-M'''
|list1style=font-size: 85%; background-color:white;
|list1 = [[Conservative Dictionary Project (A)|A]] • [[Conservative Dictionary Project (B)|B]] • [[Conservative Dictionary Project (C)|C]] • [[Conservative Dictionary Project (D)|D]] • [[Conservative Dictionary Project (E)|E]] • [[Conservative Dictionary Project (F)|F]] • [[Conservative Dictionary Project (G)|G]] • [[Conservative Dictionary Project (H)|H]] • [[Conservative Dictionary Project (I)|I]] • [[Conservative Dictionary Project (J)|J]] • [[Conservative Dictionary Project (K)|K]] • [[Conservative Dictionary Project (L)|L]] • [[Conservative Dictionary Project (M)|M]]

|group2style=font-size: 85%; background-color:#bf0000;
|group2='''N-Z'''
|list2style=font-size: 85%; background-color:white
|list2 = [[Conservative Dictionary Project (N)|N]] • [[Conservative Dictionary Project (O)|O]] • [[Conservative Dictionary Project (P)|P]] • [[Conservative Dictionary Project (Q)|Q]] • [[Conservative Dictionary Project (R)|R]] • [[Conservative Dictionary Project (S)|S]] • [[Conservative Dictionary Project (T)|T]] • [[Conservative Dictionary Project (U)|U]] • [[Conservative Dictionary Project (V)|V]] • [[Conservative Dictionary Project (W)|W]] • [[Conservative Dictionary Project (X)|X]] • [[Conservative Dictionary Project (Y)|Y]] • [[Conservative Dictionary Project (Z)|Z]]
}}

Conservative Dictionary Project (C)

2011-09-07T14:24:01Z

Patrick78: remove "chair" and "cow" - the CDP is supposed to combat liberal redefinition, not just list every word

:'''[[Campaign finance reform]]'''
:''True conservative meaning'' - A method to curtail the free speech of corporations.
:''False liberal redefinition'' - A way of limiting the valid effect of money on politics.

:'''[[capitalism]]'''
:Date: 1850-1855
:''True conservative meaning'' - the best economic system known to man; involves the [[free market]], private ownership and personal responsibility
:''False liberal redefinition'' - greedy system where the rich flourish

:'''[[ceiling]]'''
:''True conservative meaning'' - the top of a room
:''False liberal redefinition'' - a barrier in business that minorities or women cannot rise above

:'''[[censorship]]'''
:''True conservative meaning'' - Banning certain information based on ideology, a liberal tactic.
:''False liberal redefinition'' - A method of not offending people.

:'''centrist'''
:''True conservative meaning'' - a word misleadingly used to describe a [[liberal]] who may not support every single aspect of the liberal philosophy
:''False liberal redefinition'' - someone whose personal politics falls in between [[conservative]] and [[liberal]]

:'''[[charity]]'''
:Date: 13th century
:''True conservative meaning'' - voluntarily helping out others
:''False liberal redefinition'' - forcibly helping the less fortunate through oppressive taxes

:'''[[Christianity]]'''
:''True conservative meaning'' - The true religion.
:''False liberal redefinition'' - One religion among others.

:'''claptrap'''
:Date: 1799
:''True Conservative meaning'' - liberal nonsense

:'''[[class]]'''
:Date: 1850-1855
:''True conservative meaning'' - A method of grouping society into sets based on employment.
:''False liberal redefinition'' - Different groups within society who are in opposition to one another. See [[Class warefare]].

:'''[[Climate change]]'''
:''True conservative meaning'' - Normal seasonal variation in temperature and weather.
:''False liberal redefinition'' - A conspiracy that claims humans are somehow raising the temperature of the entire planet. This is used as a pretext to raise taxes and impose burdensome regulations on small business.

:'''clueless'''
:Date: 1743
:''True conservative meaning'' - not having any clue; ignorant

:'''[[communism]]'''
:Date: 1840
:''True conservative meaning'' - a liberal and atheistic system based on state ownership of the economy and murder
:''False liberal redefinition'' - democracy

:'''community'''
:Date: 14th century
:''True conservative meaning'' - a group of people; society
:''False liberal redefinition'' - the government

:'''[[Conservapedia]]'''
:Date: 2006
:''True conservative meaning'' - The Trustworthy Encyclopedia.
:''False liberal redefinition'' - an American conservative Christian biased encyclopedia.

:'''[[conservative]]'''
:Date: 14th century
:''True conservative meaning'' - a good person who believes in personal responsibility, free markets and good Christian values.
:''False liberal redefinition'' - an evil person

:'''[[creationism]]'''
:''True conservative meaning'' - The correct scientific position, that God created the universe and humanity in six days.
:''False liberal redefinition'' - A foolish ideology.

:'''[[cyber-terrorism]]'''
:''True conservative meaning'' - Attacking a website with an ideology you disprove of. Frequently used by liberals.
:''False liberal redefinition'' - Harmless fun.
{{Navbox
|name=Conservative Dictionary Project
|basestyle=font-size: 105%; background-color:#0000cf;
|title=[[Conservative Dictionary Project|Conservative Dictionary Project]]

|group1style=font-size: 85%; background-color:#bf0000;
|group1='''A-M'''
|list1style=font-size: 85%; background-color:white;
|list1 = [[Conservative Dictionary Project (A)|A]] • [[Conservative Dictionary Project (B)|B]] • [[Conservative Dictionary Project (C)|C]] • [[Conservative Dictionary Project (D)|D]] • [[Conservative Dictionary Project (E)|E]] • [[Conservative Dictionary Project (F)|F]] • [[Conservative Dictionary Project (G)|G]] • [[Conservative Dictionary Project (H)|H]] • [[Conservative Dictionary Project (I)|I]] • [[Conservative Dictionary Project (J)|J]] • [[Conservative Dictionary Project (K)|K]] • [[Conservative Dictionary Project (L)|L]] • [[Conservative Dictionary Project (M)|M]]

|group2style=font-size: 85%; background-color:#bf0000;
|group2='''N-Z'''
|list2style=font-size: 85%; background-color:white
|list2 = [[Conservative Dictionary Project (N)|N]] • [[Conservative Dictionary Project (O)|O]] • [[Conservative Dictionary Project (P)|P]] • [[Conservative Dictionary Project (Q)|Q]] • [[Conservative Dictionary Project (R)|R]] • [[Conservative Dictionary Project (S)|S]] • [[Conservative Dictionary Project (T)|T]] • [[Conservative Dictionary Project (U)|U]] • [[Conservative Dictionary Project (V)|V]] • [[Conservative Dictionary Project (W)|W]] • [[Conservative Dictionary Project (X)|X]] • [[Conservative Dictionary Project (Y)|Y]] • [[Conservative Dictionary Project (Z)|Z]]
}}

Sensationalism

2011-09-07T14:06:16Z

Patrick78:

'''Sensationalism''' is one of the major causes (or perhaps results) of [[media bias]]. It stems from the fact that the news media depends on viewers for financial support, and thus the media is likely to report stories that are likely to draw in high numbers of viewers, even if the stories do not have much news value. Examples are celebrity [[gossip]], sex scandals, and crimes committed under bizarre circumstances. The result is that many important stories go underreported by the media.

A common theme in sensationalist journalism is to print a dishonest headline that either omits and important truth or makes a deceitful generalisation, and then print the actual truth in the article (usually burying it near the bottom).

Emotional words are also often used in headlines.

[[Category:Media]]

Media hypocrisy

2011-09-07T14:03:49Z

Patrick78: spelling; fix wikilink; more wikilinks

'''Media hypocrisy''' describes the tendancy of [[mainstream media]] outlets to make hypocritical critiques (usually in opinion pieces, but sometimes evident in the [[media bias|biased]] slant of otherwise 'factual' news stories), usually of [[government]] policies. The hypocrisy is cloaked by separating the articles in question either in space (different pages in a newspaper) or time (different programming slots). The hypocrisy is not intentional, but media outlets tolerate it in their efforts to [[sensationalism|sensationalise]] everything.

In particular, news outlets will target a government's responses to impending disasters. For a given disaster, they will print articles with one of the following themes:

*"Why didn't the government do more? Lives have been lost because of the government's poor forward-planning."
*"The government spent large amounts of money preparing for this disaster, and nothing happened. What a waste of money."

The second of the two responses ignores an obvious fact: a lack of detrimental consequences was probably caused ''by'' the government spending money preparing for it. No matter what happens after a disaster, the media can print one of these themes, maximising sensationalism.

Examples of the latter response include the [[Y2K]] bug, [[Bird Flu]], and [[SARS]].

== References ==

Media hypocrisy

2011-09-07T14:03:03Z

Patrick78: references to come

'''Media hypocrisy''' describes the tendancy of [[mainstream media]] outlets to make hypocritical critiques (usually in opinion pieces, but sometimes evident in the [[media bias|biased]] slant of otherwise 'factual' news stories), usually of [[goverment]] policies. The hypocrisy is cloaked by separating the articles in question either in space (different pages in a newspaper) or time (different programming slots). The hypocrisy is not intentional, but media outlets tolerate it in their efforts to [[sensationalise]] everything.

In particular, news outlets will target a government's responses to impending disasters. For a given disaster, they will print articles with one of the following themes:

*"Why didn't the government do more? Lives have been lost because of the government's poor forward-planning."
*"The government spent large amounts of money preparing for this disaster, and nothing happened. What a waste of money."

The second of the two responses ignores an obvious fact: a lack of detrimental consequences was probably caused ''by'' the government spending money preparing for it. No matter what happens after a disaster, the media can print one of these themes, maximising sensationalism.

Examples of the latter response include the Y2K bug, Bird Flu, and SARS.

== References ==

Conservative redefinition

2011-09-07T13:50:02Z

Patrick78: make it easier to find

#REDIRECT [[Conservative Dictionary Project]]

Liberal media bias

2010-08-13T17:57:15Z

Patrick78: wikilinks

'''Liberal media bias''' has dominated [[America]]n [[journalism]] for decades. Even the [[Washington Post]] admits to harboring [[liberal bias]].<ref>Ombudsman Deborah Howell said that, "... some of the conservatives' complaints about a liberal tilt are valid. Journalism naturally draws liberals; we like to change the world. I'll bet that most Post journalists voted for Obama. I did. There are centrists at The Post as well. But the conservatives I know here feel so outnumbered that they don't even want to be quoted by name in a memo. [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/11/14/AR2008111403057.html] </ref>

[[Ian Wishart]] said:

::"Most of us in journalism are not just reporters, we are idealists. We think we have a responsibility to change the [[planet]] for the greater good, and with the power of television and movies we think we can actually achieve those changes by manipulating [[public opinion]]. So at a newsroom level, you've had a subconscious buy-in on a whole lot of [[liberal agenda]]s..." [http://www.wnd.com/index.php?pageId=107097]

==See also==
*[[Media bias]]

==References==
<references />

[[Category:Liberal Bias]]

Media tricks

2010-08-13T17:56:20Z

Patrick78: expand list

'''Media tricks''' are tricks employed by [[journalist]]s in [[interview]]s or in the field to make their targets look silly. These tricks are usually [[political]]ly motivated, and most common for the purposes of [[television]] news, where [[politician]]s or other high-profile figures caught "off-guard" makes entertaining viewing.

Media tricks can include:

*[[Gotcha journalism]] - whereby interviewees are asked impossible or overly demanding questions
*[[Memory]] exploitation - where an interviewee can be confronted with a past statement which contradicts whatever claim he is currently making. Inability to remember the context of the past statement can lead to hesitation, and so make the interviewee look ignorant or incompetent
*Interruption - interrupting an interviewee with a new question to cut the interviewee off from completely the answer to the previous question. This can make someone look bad if the first part of their answer demands an explanation or elaboration
*[[Bias]]ed [[photo]]s - wherein a media outlet will use images that denigrate a political figure. Most common on media [[website]]s, but also in some [[newspaper]]s. The photos are usually intended to make the target appeal either incompetent or sinister

''(add more)''

==See also==
*[[Media]]
*[[Media bias]]

[[Category:Media]]

Media tricks

2010-08-13T17:55:49Z

Patrick78: Created page with ''''Media tricks''' are tricks employed by journalists in interviews or in the field to make their targets look silly. These tricks are usually politically motivated, …'

'''Media tricks''' are tricks employed by [[journalist]]s in [[interview]]s or in the field to make their targets look silly. These tricks are usually [[political]]ly motivated, and most common for the purposes of [[television]] news, where [[politician]]s or other high-profile figures caught "off-guard" makes entertaining viewing.

Media tricks can include:

*[[Gotcha journalism]] - whereby interviewees are asked impossible or overly demanding questions
*[[Memory]] exploitation - where an interviewee can be confronted with a past statement which contradicts whatever claim he is currently making. Inability to remember the context of the past statement can lead to hesitation, and so make the interviewee look ignorant or incompetent
*Interruption - interrupting an interviewee with a new question to cut the interviewee off from completely the answer to the previous question. This can make someone look bad if the first part of their answer demands an explanation or elaboration
*[[Bias]]ed [[photo]]s - wherein a media outlet will use images that denigrate a political figure. Most common on media [[website]]s, but also in some [[newspaper]]s. The photos are usually intended to make the target appeal either incompetent or sinister

==See also==
*[[Media]]
*[[Media bias]]

[[Category:Media]]

Liberal media bias

2010-08-13T17:51:51Z

Patrick78: formatting of quote and section headings

'''Liberal media bias''' has dominated American journalism for decades. Even the [[Washington Post]] admits to harboring [[liberal bias]].<ref>Ombudsman Deborah Howell said that, "... some of the conservatives' complaints about a liberal tilt are valid. Journalism naturally draws liberals; we like to change the world. I'll bet that most Post journalists voted for Obama. I did. There are centrists at The Post as well. But the conservatives I know here feel so outnumbered that they don't even want to be quoted by name in a memo. [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/11/14/AR2008111403057.html] </ref>

Ian Wishart said:

::"Most of us in journalism are not just reporters, we are idealists. We think we have a responsibility to change the planet for the greater good, and with the power of television and movies we think we can actually achieve those changes by manipulating public opinion. So at a newsroom level, you've had a subconscious buy-in on a whole lot of liberal agendas..." [http://www.wnd.com/index.php?pageId=107097]

==See also==
*[[Media bias]]

==References==
<references />

[[Category:Liberal Bias]]

Gotcha journalism

2010-08-12T19:35:09Z

Patrick78: a few wikilinks

'''Gotcha journalism''' is a [[liberal]] [[mainstream media]] tactic of asking impossible questions of [[conservative]]s to draw out responses that can easily misinterpreted and used as damaging, contextless [[soundbite]]s.

An example of such a question is ''Name all [[ten commandments]]''. Few people, regardless of [[political leaning]], can do this, and the question is aimed to make the target look silly. This particular question is usually asked of those who wish to see the ten commandments displayed outside [[courthouse]]s.

Gotcha journalism is an example of a [[Media tricks|media trick]].

==See also==
*[[Journalistic malpractice]]
*[[Liberal trap]]

{{Liberalism}}

Gotcha journalism

2010-08-12T19:34:23Z

Patrick78: substance

'''Gotcha journalism''' is a [[liberal]] [[mainstream media]] tactic of asking impossible questions of conservatives to draw out responses that can easily misinterpreted and used as damaging, contextless soundbites.

An example of such a question is ''Name all ten commandments''. Few people, regardless of political leaning, can do this, and the question is aimed to make the target look silly. This particular question is usually asked of those who wish to see the ten commandments displayed outside courthouses.

Gotcha journalism is an example of a [[Media tricks|media trick]].

==See also==
*[[Journalistic malpractice]]
*[[Liberal trap]]

{{Liberalism}}

Media censorship

2010-08-12T19:29:41Z

Patrick78: will fill more countries later

'''Media censorship''' (or '''story burying''') is a common problem among modern [[news organizations]], both in [[print]] and on [[television]] [[network]]s. News organizations with a [[political bias]] will often [[censor]] news stories by:

*failing to report on them
*reporting on them, but making them less prominent (either by placing the story in a less prominent position, or devoting less [[air-time]] to it)
*failing to adequatly represent one side of a story.

The third is by far the most common media tool. Most media organizations cannot risk not printing major stories (where "major" can apply either to importance in society or value to the audience - these do not always overlap. See '''[[infotainment]]'''), or burying them to less prominent positions, lest they risk losing their audience or market share. Instead, media outlets will enact their censorship agenda by misrepresenting one side of a story, where the misrepresentation is often proportional to the political importance or partisanship quotient of the story.

Party misrepresentation can take the form of:

*omitting quotes from an organization that would make the story less damaging to that organization
*using incomplete quote froms an organization to mislead
*referring to one organization using volatile and emotive language

==Media censorship in various regimes==

The [[index of press freedom]] ranks 175 of the worlds' nations by their degree of [[freedom of the press]]<ref>en.rsf.org/IMG/pdf/classement_en.pdf</ref> (the higher the rank, the freer the press). Below are listed some nations notable for their press censorship or freedom.

===China (#168)===

According to the [[Council on Foreign Relations]],

:''China's constitution affords its citizens freedom of speech and press, but the document contains broad language that says Chinese citizens must defend "the security, honor, and interests of the motherland." Chinese law includes media regulations with vague language that authorities use to claim stories endanger the country by sharing state secrets.''<ref>http://www.cfr.org/publication/11515/media_censorship_in_china.html</ref>

==See also==
*[[Media bias]]
*[[Media propaganda]]

==References==
<references/>

==External links==

*[[Accuracy in Media]] (AIM) non-profit, grassroots citizens watchdog <ref>http://www.aim.org/index</ref>
*[http://www.ihatethemedia.com IHateTheMedia.com]
*[[NewsBusters]] <ref>http://newsbusters.org/</ref>
*[http://www.media-awareness.ca/english/resources/educational/handouts/broadcast_news/bw_bias_in_the_news.cfm How to detect bias in the news]

Media bias

2010-08-12T19:20:52Z

Patrick78: /* Academic Studies and theories of media bias */ italicizing publication title

'''Media bias''' is distortion of news, commentary, non-fiction articles, textbooks, documentaries, speech codes and the like to favor one side's ideas over another's (see [[partisan]]ship). Dictatorships and other authoritarian regimes which suppress [[freedom of the press]] are notorious for their media bias, particularly when all media are controlled directly by a one-party government.

Most journalism schools in free countries address the issue of eliminating bias, although efforts are rarely successful. The U.S. media is strongly polarized, with multiple outlets have strong [[liberal]] and [[conservative]] biases, depending on which station (or newspaper) is considered. Overall, however, many, including some academics with scientific backing, maintain that the media has a general [[liberal]] bias.

==Sources of bias==
[[File:Palin-newsweek.jpg|thumb|300px|Example of propaganda, with an un-presidential photo and a lead headline in a purported "news magazine": "She's bad news for the GOP--and everybody else, too." The goal is to give Palin opponents ammunition to fight her popularity. ''Newsweek'' issue dated Nov. 23, 2009]]

#Deliberate [[propaganda]]: Presenting bias with the intention of benefiting the media establishment.
#Institutional bias: The reporters and editors of a media organization may hold political views, which influence their reporting. Reporting on the [[Vietnam war]] has been cited as a notable example of such.
#[[Sensationalism]]: Media depends on viewership for financial support from advertisers. Thus stories that have little political value but much entertainment value may receive attention disproportionate to their impact. [[Scare stories]] are also an example of sensationalism.
#Omission: The inverse of sensationalism, media may overlook important but boring stories.
#[[Political correctness]] or sensitivity: Fearful of appearing racist or discriminatory, media may avoid any stories which reflect negatively on a ethnic, social or religious group, especially if the group is a minority.
#Confirmation bias: a type of selective thinking whereby people tend to report what confirms their beliefs, and to ignore, or undervalue what contradicts their beliefs.
#Audience bias: Readers or viewers tend to read news sources with which they agree. Thus, media must reinforce the existing views of their audience, or risk losing them. This source of bias can also reinforce the effect of a [[moral]] [[panic]]. In this case, the public may receive a distorted perspective that is a result of their own preferences, because the news media will deliberately deliver news not only suitable and desirable to the general public, but may also incorporate bias that would similarly suit the viewer.

==Academic Studies and theories of media bias==

''The Media Elite,'' co-authored in 1986 by political scientists Robert Lichter, Stanley Rothman, and Linda Lichter is among the most cited academic study of political bias in news reporting. These researchers surveyed journalists at national media outlets such as the [[New York Times]], [[Washington Post]], and the broadcast networks. They found that most of the responding journalists were Democratic voters whose attitudes were far to the left of the general public on a variety of topics: [[homosexual]] rights, [[abortion]], [[affirmative action]], and so on. The study argued that the way in which journalists wrote about controversial issues was directly related to their personal political positions.

Independently corroborating the findings above, is the 2002 book length study by political communication researcher Jim A. Kuypers: ''Press Bias and Politics: How the Media Frame Controversial Issues''. In this study of 116 mainstream US papers (including The New York Times, the Washington Post, Los Angeles Times, and the San Francisco Chronicle), Kuypers found that the mainstream print press in America operate within a narrow range of liberal beliefs. Those who expressed points of view further to the left were generally ignored, whereas those who expressed moderate or conservative points of view were often actively denigrated or labeled as holding a minority point of view. In short, if a political leader, regardless of party, spoke within the press-supported range of acceptable discourse, he or she would receive positive press coverage. If a politician, again regardless of party, were to speak outside of this range, he or she would receive negative press or be ignored. Kuypers also found that the liberal points of view expressed in editorial and opinion pages were found in hard news coverage of the same issues. Although focusing primarily on the issues of [[race]] and [[homosexuality]], Kuypers found that the press injected opinion into its news coverage of other issues such as [[welfare reform]], [[environmental protection]], and [[gun control]]; in all cases favoring a liberal point of view.

==See also==

*[[Liberal bias]]
*[[History Channel Documentary on KAL 007: a critical review]] - a study in Media bias and distortion
*[[Anecdotes of good will misconstruing]]
*[[Time magazine]]
*[[Wikipedia prejudice and KAL 007]]
*[[Vietnam War]]

==Notes==

* Christian groups accuse BBC drama of inciting anti-Christian bias <ref>http://www.jihadwatch.org/dhimmiwatch/archives/013849.php</ref>

* Canadian Jewish Authors Castigate Anti-Christian Media Bias <ref>http://www.lifesite.net/ldn/2005/may/05053005.html </ref>

* European Media and Anti-Israel Bias, A British journalist in Israel, Fatah leader caught by an Israeli army camera saying, "Don't start the stoning yet" <ref>http://www.aish.com/jewishissues/mediaobjectivity/European_Media_and_Anti-Israel_Bias.asp</ref>

* Recognizing Bias in Middle East Reporting: Rules for Reporters. What is media bias and why is it practiced against Israel? The Media's Anti-Israel Bias <ref>http://www.tampabayprimer.org/index.cfm?action=leftNav&drill=antiIsrael</ref>

* Anti-Israel Bias – An Endless Battle, trying to counter the anti-Israel bias in the media is an increasingly challenging proposition. <ref>http://www.cbn.com/cbnnews/world/israel/060904a.aspx</ref>

* Does the Media's anti-Israel bias matter? <ref>http://web.israelinsider.com/Views/5294.htm</ref>

* Fighting hate & bias <ref>http://geocities.com/fightinghate</ref>

* Addressing Anti Israel Media Bias · European Media and Anti-Israel Bias <ref>http://www.palestinefacts.org/pf_1991to_now_media_anti_israel_bias.php</ref>

* The day when the media will not be anti-Israel biased <ref>http://haveitclearly.blogspot.com/2007/03/when-media-is-not-anti-israel-biased.html</ref>

* Tom Gross on New York Times & Israel on National Review Online <ref>http://www.nationalreview.com/comment/comment-gross031403.asp</ref>

* French Media Bias Against Israel Blamed for Anti-Semitic Violence <ref>http://www.crosswalk.com/1313954/</ref>

* WorldNetDaily: Liberal bias against Christians? Not a chance! <ref>http://www.worldnetdaily.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=34045</ref>

==External links==

*[[Accuracy in Media]] (AIM) non-profit, grassroots citizens watchdog <ref>http://www.aim.org/index</ref>
*[http://mediamatters.org/ Media Matters for America], another notable media watchdog.
*[[CAMERA]] Dedicated for accuracy in reporting on the middle east <ref>http://camera.org</ref>
*[[ChronWatch]] A noted media watchdog and conservative news organization, with a mission to provide honest, alternative views to the increasing liberal-bias <ref>http://www.chronwatch-america.com/</ref>.
*[[Fairness & Accuracy in Reporting]] (FAIR) A media watchdog organization.<ref>http://www.fair.org/index.php</ref>
*[[HonestReporting]] A fast-action website that monitors Mideast media bias, <ref>http://www.honestreporting.com/</ref>
*[http://www.ihatethemedia.com IHateTheMedia.com] - Pointing out Liberal Bias daily
*[[MediaResearch]] (MRC) A leading media watchdog<ref>http://www.mediaresearch.org/welcome.asp</ref>
*[[NewsBusters]] A blog dedicated to "Exposing & Combating Liberal Media Bias" <ref>http://newsbusters.org/</ref>
*[[Take a pen]] Encourages fighting it <ref>http://take-a-pen.org</ref>.
*[http://www.studentnewsdaily.com/other/types-of-media-bias/ Types of Media Bias] - Student News Daily
* [http://www.media-awareness.ca/english/resources/educational/handouts/broadcast_news/bw_bias_in_the_news.cfm How to detect bias in the news]
*[[Politmus]] a crowdsourced site that allows members to rate and comment on examples of media bias they encounter<ref>http://www.politmus.com</ref>

== References ==

<references />

[[category:media]]

Media bias

2010-08-12T19:19:40Z

Patrick78: /* Sources of bias */ everyone does this

'''Media bias''' is distortion of news, commentary, non-fiction articles, textbooks, documentaries, speech codes and the like to favor one side's ideas over another's (see [[partisan]]ship). Dictatorships and other authoritarian regimes which suppress [[freedom of the press]] are notorious for their media bias, particularly when all media are controlled directly by a one-party government.

Most journalism schools in free countries address the issue of eliminating bias, although efforts are rarely successful. The U.S. media is strongly polarized, with multiple outlets have strong [[liberal]] and [[conservative]] biases, depending on which station (or newspaper) is considered. Overall, however, many, including some academics with scientific backing, maintain that the media has a general [[liberal]] bias.

==Sources of bias==
[[File:Palin-newsweek.jpg|thumb|300px|Example of propaganda, with an un-presidential photo and a lead headline in a purported "news magazine": "She's bad news for the GOP--and everybody else, too." The goal is to give Palin opponents ammunition to fight her popularity. ''Newsweek'' issue dated Nov. 23, 2009]]

#Deliberate [[propaganda]]: Presenting bias with the intention of benefiting the media establishment.
#Institutional bias: The reporters and editors of a media organization may hold political views, which influence their reporting. Reporting on the [[Vietnam war]] has been cited as a notable example of such.
#[[Sensationalism]]: Media depends on viewership for financial support from advertisers. Thus stories that have little political value but much entertainment value may receive attention disproportionate to their impact. [[Scare stories]] are also an example of sensationalism.
#Omission: The inverse of sensationalism, media may overlook important but boring stories.
#[[Political correctness]] or sensitivity: Fearful of appearing racist or discriminatory, media may avoid any stories which reflect negatively on a ethnic, social or religious group, especially if the group is a minority.
#Confirmation bias: a type of selective thinking whereby people tend to report what confirms their beliefs, and to ignore, or undervalue what contradicts their beliefs.
#Audience bias: Readers or viewers tend to read news sources with which they agree. Thus, media must reinforce the existing views of their audience, or risk losing them. This source of bias can also reinforce the effect of a [[moral]] [[panic]]. In this case, the public may receive a distorted perspective that is a result of their own preferences, because the news media will deliberately deliver news not only suitable and desirable to the general public, but may also incorporate bias that would similarly suit the viewer.

==Academic Studies and theories of media bias==

''The Media Elite,'' co-authored in 1986 by political scientists Robert Lichter, Stanley Rothman, and Linda Lichter is among the most cited academic study of political bias in news reporting. These researchers surveyed journalists at national media outlets such as the [[New York Times]], [[Washington Post]], and the broadcast networks. They found that most of the responding journalists were Democratic voters whose attitudes were far to the left of the general public on a variety of topics: [[homosexual]] rights, [[abortion]], [[affirmative action]], and so on. The study argued that the way in which journalists wrote about controversial issues was directly related to their personal political positions.

Independently corroborating the findings above, is the 2002 book length study by political communication researcher Jim A. Kuypers: Press Bias and Politics: How the Media Frame Controversial Issues. In this study of 116 mainstream US papers (including The New York Times, the Washington Post, Los Angeles Times, and the San Francisco Chronicle), Kuypers found that the mainstream print press in America operate within a narrow range of liberal beliefs. Those who expressed points of view further to the left were generally ignored, whereas those who expressed moderate or conservative points of view were often actively denigrated or labeled as holding a minority point of view. In short, if a political leader, regardless of party, spoke within the press-supported range of acceptable discourse, he or she would receive positive press coverage. If a politician, again regardless of party, were to speak outside of this range, he or she would receive negative press or be ignored. Kuypers also found that the liberal points of view expressed in editorial and opinion pages were found in hard news coverage of the same issues. Although focusing primarily on the issues of [[race]] and [[homosexuality]], Kuypers found that the press injected opinion into its news coverage of other issues such as [[welfare reform]], [[environmental protection]], and [[gun control]]; in all cases favoring a liberal point of view.

==See also==

*[[Liberal bias]]
*[[History Channel Documentary on KAL 007: a critical review]] - a study in Media bias and distortion
*[[Anecdotes of good will misconstruing]]
*[[Time magazine]]
*[[Wikipedia prejudice and KAL 007]]
*[[Vietnam War]]

==Notes==

* Christian groups accuse BBC drama of inciting anti-Christian bias <ref>http://www.jihadwatch.org/dhimmiwatch/archives/013849.php</ref>

* Canadian Jewish Authors Castigate Anti-Christian Media Bias <ref>http://www.lifesite.net/ldn/2005/may/05053005.html </ref>

* European Media and Anti-Israel Bias, A British journalist in Israel, Fatah leader caught by an Israeli army camera saying, "Don't start the stoning yet" <ref>http://www.aish.com/jewishissues/mediaobjectivity/European_Media_and_Anti-Israel_Bias.asp</ref>

* Recognizing Bias in Middle East Reporting: Rules for Reporters. What is media bias and why is it practiced against Israel? The Media's Anti-Israel Bias <ref>http://www.tampabayprimer.org/index.cfm?action=leftNav&drill=antiIsrael</ref>

* Anti-Israel Bias – An Endless Battle, trying to counter the anti-Israel bias in the media is an increasingly challenging proposition. <ref>http://www.cbn.com/cbnnews/world/israel/060904a.aspx</ref>

* Does the Media's anti-Israel bias matter? <ref>http://web.israelinsider.com/Views/5294.htm</ref>

* Fighting hate & bias <ref>http://geocities.com/fightinghate</ref>

* Addressing Anti Israel Media Bias · European Media and Anti-Israel Bias <ref>http://www.palestinefacts.org/pf_1991to_now_media_anti_israel_bias.php</ref>

* The day when the media will not be anti-Israel biased <ref>http://haveitclearly.blogspot.com/2007/03/when-media-is-not-anti-israel-biased.html</ref>

* Tom Gross on New York Times & Israel on National Review Online <ref>http://www.nationalreview.com/comment/comment-gross031403.asp</ref>

* French Media Bias Against Israel Blamed for Anti-Semitic Violence <ref>http://www.crosswalk.com/1313954/</ref>

* WorldNetDaily: Liberal bias against Christians? Not a chance! <ref>http://www.worldnetdaily.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=34045</ref>

==External links==

*[[Accuracy in Media]] (AIM) non-profit, grassroots citizens watchdog <ref>http://www.aim.org/index</ref>
*[http://mediamatters.org/ Media Matters for America], another notable media watchdog.
*[[CAMERA]] Dedicated for accuracy in reporting on the middle east <ref>http://camera.org</ref>
*[[ChronWatch]] A noted media watchdog and conservative news organization, with a mission to provide honest, alternative views to the increasing liberal-bias <ref>http://www.chronwatch-america.com/</ref>.
*[[Fairness & Accuracy in Reporting]] (FAIR) A media watchdog organization.<ref>http://www.fair.org/index.php</ref>
*[[HonestReporting]] A fast-action website that monitors Mideast media bias, <ref>http://www.honestreporting.com/</ref>
*[http://www.ihatethemedia.com IHateTheMedia.com] - Pointing out Liberal Bias daily
*[[MediaResearch]] (MRC) A leading media watchdog<ref>http://www.mediaresearch.org/welcome.asp</ref>
*[[NewsBusters]] A blog dedicated to "Exposing & Combating Liberal Media Bias" <ref>http://newsbusters.org/</ref>
*[[Take a pen]] Encourages fighting it <ref>http://take-a-pen.org</ref>.
*[http://www.studentnewsdaily.com/other/types-of-media-bias/ Types of Media Bias] - Student News Daily
* [http://www.media-awareness.ca/english/resources/educational/handouts/broadcast_news/bw_bias_in_the_news.cfm How to detect bias in the news]
*[[Politmus]] a crowdsourced site that allows members to rate and comment on examples of media bias they encounter<ref>http://www.politmus.com</ref>

== References ==

<references />

[[category:media]]

Media bias

2010-08-12T19:18:51Z

Patrick78: /* Sources of bias */ Scare stories are also an example of sensationalism.

'''Media bias''' is distortion of news, commentary, non-fiction articles, textbooks, documentaries, speech codes and the like to favor one side's ideas over another's (see [[partisan]]ship). Dictatorships and other authoritarian regimes which suppress [[freedom of the press]] are notorious for their media bias, particularly when all media are controlled directly by a one-party government.

Most journalism schools in free countries address the issue of eliminating bias, although efforts are rarely successful. The U.S. media is strongly polarized, with multiple outlets have strong [[liberal]] and [[conservative]] biases, depending on which station (or newspaper) is considered. Overall, however, many, including some academics with scientific backing, maintain that the media has a general [[liberal]] bias.

==Sources of bias==
[[File:Palin-newsweek.jpg|thumb|300px|Example of propaganda, with an un-presidential photo and a lead headline in a purported "news magazine": "She's bad news for the GOP--and everybody else, too." The goal is to give Palin opponents ammunition to fight her popularity. ''Newsweek'' issue dated Nov. 23, 2009]]

#Deliberate [[propaganda]]: Presenting bias with the intention of benefiting the media establishment.
#Institutional bias: The reporters and editors of a media organization may hold political views, which influence their reporting. Reporting on the [[Vietnam war]] has been cited as a notable example of such.
#[[Sensationalism]]: Media depends on viewership for financial support from advertisers. Thus stories that have little political value but much entertainment value may receive attention disproportionate to their impact. [[Scare stories]] are also an example of sensationalism.
#Omission: The inverse of sensationalism, media may overlook important but boring stories.
#[[Political correctness]] or sensitivity: Fearful of appearing racist or discriminatory, media may avoid any stories which reflect negatively on a ethnic, social or religious group, especially if the group is a minority.
#Confirmation bias: a type of selective thinking whereby liberals tend to report what confirms their beliefs, and to ignore, or undervalue what contradicts their beliefs.
#Audience bias: Readers or viewers tend to read news sources with which they agree. Thus, media must reinforce the existing views of their audience, or risk losing them. This source of bias can also reinforce the effect of a [[moral]] [[panic]]. In this case, the public may receive a distorted perspective that is a result of their own preferences, because the news media will deliberately deliver news not only suitable and desirable to the general public, but may also incorporate bias that would similarly suit the viewer.

==Academic Studies and theories of media bias==

''The Media Elite,'' co-authored in 1986 by political scientists Robert Lichter, Stanley Rothman, and Linda Lichter is among the most cited academic study of political bias in news reporting. These researchers surveyed journalists at national media outlets such as the [[New York Times]], [[Washington Post]], and the broadcast networks. They found that most of the responding journalists were Democratic voters whose attitudes were far to the left of the general public on a variety of topics: [[homosexual]] rights, [[abortion]], [[affirmative action]], and so on. The study argued that the way in which journalists wrote about controversial issues was directly related to their personal political positions.

Independently corroborating the findings above, is the 2002 book length study by political communication researcher Jim A. Kuypers: Press Bias and Politics: How the Media Frame Controversial Issues. In this study of 116 mainstream US papers (including The New York Times, the Washington Post, Los Angeles Times, and the San Francisco Chronicle), Kuypers found that the mainstream print press in America operate within a narrow range of liberal beliefs. Those who expressed points of view further to the left were generally ignored, whereas those who expressed moderate or conservative points of view were often actively denigrated or labeled as holding a minority point of view. In short, if a political leader, regardless of party, spoke within the press-supported range of acceptable discourse, he or she would receive positive press coverage. If a politician, again regardless of party, were to speak outside of this range, he or she would receive negative press or be ignored. Kuypers also found that the liberal points of view expressed in editorial and opinion pages were found in hard news coverage of the same issues. Although focusing primarily on the issues of [[race]] and [[homosexuality]], Kuypers found that the press injected opinion into its news coverage of other issues such as [[welfare reform]], [[environmental protection]], and [[gun control]]; in all cases favoring a liberal point of view.

==See also==

*[[Liberal bias]]
*[[History Channel Documentary on KAL 007: a critical review]] - a study in Media bias and distortion
*[[Anecdotes of good will misconstruing]]
*[[Time magazine]]
*[[Wikipedia prejudice and KAL 007]]
*[[Vietnam War]]

==Notes==

* Christian groups accuse BBC drama of inciting anti-Christian bias <ref>http://www.jihadwatch.org/dhimmiwatch/archives/013849.php</ref>

* Canadian Jewish Authors Castigate Anti-Christian Media Bias <ref>http://www.lifesite.net/ldn/2005/may/05053005.html </ref>

* European Media and Anti-Israel Bias, A British journalist in Israel, Fatah leader caught by an Israeli army camera saying, "Don't start the stoning yet" <ref>http://www.aish.com/jewishissues/mediaobjectivity/European_Media_and_Anti-Israel_Bias.asp</ref>

* Recognizing Bias in Middle East Reporting: Rules for Reporters. What is media bias and why is it practiced against Israel? The Media's Anti-Israel Bias <ref>http://www.tampabayprimer.org/index.cfm?action=leftNav&drill=antiIsrael</ref>

* Anti-Israel Bias – An Endless Battle, trying to counter the anti-Israel bias in the media is an increasingly challenging proposition. <ref>http://www.cbn.com/cbnnews/world/israel/060904a.aspx</ref>

* Does the Media's anti-Israel bias matter? <ref>http://web.israelinsider.com/Views/5294.htm</ref>

* Fighting hate & bias <ref>http://geocities.com/fightinghate</ref>

* Addressing Anti Israel Media Bias · European Media and Anti-Israel Bias <ref>http://www.palestinefacts.org/pf_1991to_now_media_anti_israel_bias.php</ref>

* The day when the media will not be anti-Israel biased <ref>http://haveitclearly.blogspot.com/2007/03/when-media-is-not-anti-israel-biased.html</ref>

* Tom Gross on New York Times & Israel on National Review Online <ref>http://www.nationalreview.com/comment/comment-gross031403.asp</ref>

* French Media Bias Against Israel Blamed for Anti-Semitic Violence <ref>http://www.crosswalk.com/1313954/</ref>

* WorldNetDaily: Liberal bias against Christians? Not a chance! <ref>http://www.worldnetdaily.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=34045</ref>

==External links==

*[[Accuracy in Media]] (AIM) non-profit, grassroots citizens watchdog <ref>http://www.aim.org/index</ref>
*[http://mediamatters.org/ Media Matters for America], another notable media watchdog.
*[[CAMERA]] Dedicated for accuracy in reporting on the middle east <ref>http://camera.org</ref>
*[[ChronWatch]] A noted media watchdog and conservative news organization, with a mission to provide honest, alternative views to the increasing liberal-bias <ref>http://www.chronwatch-america.com/</ref>.
*[[Fairness & Accuracy in Reporting]] (FAIR) A media watchdog organization.<ref>http://www.fair.org/index.php</ref>
*[[HonestReporting]] A fast-action website that monitors Mideast media bias, <ref>http://www.honestreporting.com/</ref>
*[http://www.ihatethemedia.com IHateTheMedia.com] - Pointing out Liberal Bias daily
*[[MediaResearch]] (MRC) A leading media watchdog<ref>http://www.mediaresearch.org/welcome.asp</ref>
*[[NewsBusters]] A blog dedicated to "Exposing & Combating Liberal Media Bias" <ref>http://newsbusters.org/</ref>
*[[Take a pen]] Encourages fighting it <ref>http://take-a-pen.org</ref>.
*[http://www.studentnewsdaily.com/other/types-of-media-bias/ Types of Media Bias] - Student News Daily
* [http://www.media-awareness.ca/english/resources/educational/handouts/broadcast_news/bw_bias_in_the_news.cfm How to detect bias in the news]
*[[Politmus]] a crowdsourced site that allows members to rate and comment on examples of media bias they encounter<ref>http://www.politmus.com</ref>

== References ==

<references />

[[category:media]]

Media bias

2010-08-12T19:18:13Z

Patrick78: /* Sources of bias */ clarify

'''Media bias''' is distortion of news, commentary, non-fiction articles, textbooks, documentaries, speech codes and the like to favor one side's ideas over another's (see [[partisan]]ship). Dictatorships and other authoritarian regimes which suppress [[freedom of the press]] are notorious for their media bias, particularly when all media are controlled directly by a one-party government.

Most journalism schools in free countries address the issue of eliminating bias, although efforts are rarely successful. The U.S. media is strongly polarized, with multiple outlets have strong [[liberal]] and [[conservative]] biases, depending on which station (or newspaper) is considered. Overall, however, many, including some academics with scientific backing, maintain that the media has a general [[liberal]] bias.

==Sources of bias==
[[File:Palin-newsweek.jpg|thumb|300px|Example of propaganda, with an un-presidential photo and a lead headline in a purported "news magazine": "She's bad news for the GOP--and everybody else, too." The goal is to give Palin opponents ammunition to fight her popularity. ''Newsweek'' issue dated Nov. 23, 2009]]

#Deliberate [[propaganda]]: Presenting bias with the intention of benefiting the media establishment.
#Institutional bias: The reporters and editors of a media organization may hold political views, which influence their reporting. Reporting on the [[Vietnam war]] has been cited as a notable example of such.
#[[Sensationalism]]: Media depends on viewership for financial support from advertisers. Thus stories that have little political value but much entertainment value may receive attention disproportionate to their impact.
#Omission: The inverse of sensationalism, media may overlook important but boring stories.
#[[Political correctness]] or sensitivity: Fearful of appearing racist or discriminatory, media may avoid any stories which reflect negatively on a ethnic, social or religious group, especially if the group is a minority.
#Confirmation bias: a type of selective thinking whereby liberals tend to report what confirms their beliefs, and to ignore, or undervalue what contradicts their beliefs.
#Audience bias: Readers or viewers tend to read news sources with which they agree. Thus, media must reinforce the existing views of their audience, or risk losing them. This source of bias can also reinforce the effect of a [[moral]] [[panic]]. In this case, the public may receive a distorted perspective that is a result of their own preferences, because the news media will deliberately deliver news not only suitable and desirable to the general public, but may also incorporate bias that would similarly suit the viewer.

==Academic Studies and theories of media bias==

''The Media Elite,'' co-authored in 1986 by political scientists Robert Lichter, Stanley Rothman, and Linda Lichter is among the most cited academic study of political bias in news reporting. These researchers surveyed journalists at national media outlets such as the [[New York Times]], [[Washington Post]], and the broadcast networks. They found that most of the responding journalists were Democratic voters whose attitudes were far to the left of the general public on a variety of topics: [[homosexual]] rights, [[abortion]], [[affirmative action]], and so on. The study argued that the way in which journalists wrote about controversial issues was directly related to their personal political positions.

Independently corroborating the findings above, is the 2002 book length study by political communication researcher Jim A. Kuypers: Press Bias and Politics: How the Media Frame Controversial Issues. In this study of 116 mainstream US papers (including The New York Times, the Washington Post, Los Angeles Times, and the San Francisco Chronicle), Kuypers found that the mainstream print press in America operate within a narrow range of liberal beliefs. Those who expressed points of view further to the left were generally ignored, whereas those who expressed moderate or conservative points of view were often actively denigrated or labeled as holding a minority point of view. In short, if a political leader, regardless of party, spoke within the press-supported range of acceptable discourse, he or she would receive positive press coverage. If a politician, again regardless of party, were to speak outside of this range, he or she would receive negative press or be ignored. Kuypers also found that the liberal points of view expressed in editorial and opinion pages were found in hard news coverage of the same issues. Although focusing primarily on the issues of [[race]] and [[homosexuality]], Kuypers found that the press injected opinion into its news coverage of other issues such as [[welfare reform]], [[environmental protection]], and [[gun control]]; in all cases favoring a liberal point of view.

==See also==

*[[Liberal bias]]
*[[History Channel Documentary on KAL 007: a critical review]] - a study in Media bias and distortion
*[[Anecdotes of good will misconstruing]]
*[[Time magazine]]
*[[Wikipedia prejudice and KAL 007]]
*[[Vietnam War]]

==Notes==

* Christian groups accuse BBC drama of inciting anti-Christian bias <ref>http://www.jihadwatch.org/dhimmiwatch/archives/013849.php</ref>

* Canadian Jewish Authors Castigate Anti-Christian Media Bias <ref>http://www.lifesite.net/ldn/2005/may/05053005.html </ref>

* European Media and Anti-Israel Bias, A British journalist in Israel, Fatah leader caught by an Israeli army camera saying, "Don't start the stoning yet" <ref>http://www.aish.com/jewishissues/mediaobjectivity/European_Media_and_Anti-Israel_Bias.asp</ref>

* Recognizing Bias in Middle East Reporting: Rules for Reporters. What is media bias and why is it practiced against Israel? The Media's Anti-Israel Bias <ref>http://www.tampabayprimer.org/index.cfm?action=leftNav&drill=antiIsrael</ref>

* Anti-Israel Bias – An Endless Battle, trying to counter the anti-Israel bias in the media is an increasingly challenging proposition. <ref>http://www.cbn.com/cbnnews/world/israel/060904a.aspx</ref>

* Does the Media's anti-Israel bias matter? <ref>http://web.israelinsider.com/Views/5294.htm</ref>

* Fighting hate & bias <ref>http://geocities.com/fightinghate</ref>

* Addressing Anti Israel Media Bias · European Media and Anti-Israel Bias <ref>http://www.palestinefacts.org/pf_1991to_now_media_anti_israel_bias.php</ref>

* The day when the media will not be anti-Israel biased <ref>http://haveitclearly.blogspot.com/2007/03/when-media-is-not-anti-israel-biased.html</ref>

* Tom Gross on New York Times & Israel on National Review Online <ref>http://www.nationalreview.com/comment/comment-gross031403.asp</ref>

* French Media Bias Against Israel Blamed for Anti-Semitic Violence <ref>http://www.crosswalk.com/1313954/</ref>

* WorldNetDaily: Liberal bias against Christians? Not a chance! <ref>http://www.worldnetdaily.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=34045</ref>

==External links==

*[[Accuracy in Media]] (AIM) non-profit, grassroots citizens watchdog <ref>http://www.aim.org/index</ref>
*[http://mediamatters.org/ Media Matters for America], another notable media watchdog.
*[[CAMERA]] Dedicated for accuracy in reporting on the middle east <ref>http://camera.org</ref>
*[[ChronWatch]] A noted media watchdog and conservative news organization, with a mission to provide honest, alternative views to the increasing liberal-bias <ref>http://www.chronwatch-america.com/</ref>.
*[[Fairness & Accuracy in Reporting]] (FAIR) A media watchdog organization.<ref>http://www.fair.org/index.php</ref>
*[[HonestReporting]] A fast-action website that monitors Mideast media bias, <ref>http://www.honestreporting.com/</ref>
*[http://www.ihatethemedia.com IHateTheMedia.com] - Pointing out Liberal Bias daily
*[[MediaResearch]] (MRC) A leading media watchdog<ref>http://www.mediaresearch.org/welcome.asp</ref>
*[[NewsBusters]] A blog dedicated to "Exposing & Combating Liberal Media Bias" <ref>http://newsbusters.org/</ref>
*[[Take a pen]] Encourages fighting it <ref>http://take-a-pen.org</ref>.
*[http://www.studentnewsdaily.com/other/types-of-media-bias/ Types of Media Bias] - Student News Daily
* [http://www.media-awareness.ca/english/resources/educational/handouts/broadcast_news/bw_bias_in_the_news.cfm How to detect bias in the news]
*[[Politmus]] a crowdsourced site that allows members to rate and comment on examples of media bias they encounter<ref>http://www.politmus.com</ref>

== References ==

<references />

[[category:media]]

Media bias

2010-08-12T19:16:48Z

Patrick78: or newspaper

'''Media bias''' is distortion of news, commentary, non-fiction articles, textbooks, documentaries, speech codes and the like to favor one side's ideas over another's (see [[partisan]]ship). Dictatorships and other authoritarian regimes which suppress [[freedom of the press]] are notorious for their media bias, particularly when all media are controlled directly by a one-party government.

Most journalism schools in free countries address the issue of eliminating bias, although efforts are rarely successful. The U.S. media is strongly polarized, with multiple outlets have strong [[liberal]] and [[conservative]] biases, depending on which station (or newspaper) is considered. Overall, however, many, including some academics with scientific backing, maintain that the media has a general [[liberal]] bias.

==Sources of bias==
[[File:Palin-newsweek.jpg|thumb|300px|Example of propaganda, with an un-presidential photo and a lead headline in a purported "news magazine": "She's bad news for the GOP--and everybody else, too." The goal is to give Palin opponents ammunition to fight her popularity. ''Newsweek'' issue dated Nov. 23, 2009]]

#Deliberate [[propaganda]]: Presenting bias with the intention of benefiting the media establishment.
#Institutional bias: The reporters and editors of a media organization may hold political views, which influence their reporting. Reporting on the [[Vietnam war]] has been cited as a notable example of such.
#[[Sensationalism]]: Media depends on viewers for financial support. Thus 'irrelevant' stories may receive attention disproportionate to their impact.
#Omission: The inverse of sensationalism, media may overlook important but boring stories.
#[[Political correctness]] or sensitivity: Fearful of appearing racist or discriminatory, media may avoid any stories which reflect negatively on a ethnic, social or religious group, especially if the group is a minority.
#Confirmation bias: a type of selective thinking whereby liberals tend to report what confirms their beliefs, and to ignore, or undervalue what contradicts their beliefs.
#Audience bias: Readers or viewers tend to read news sources with which they agree. Thus, media must reinforce the existing views of their audience, or risk losing them. This source of bias can also reinforce the effect of a [[moral]] [[panic]]. In this case, the public may receive a distorted perspective that is a result of their own preferences, because the news media will deliberately deliver news not only suitable and desirable to the general public, but may also incorporate bias that would similarly suit the viewer.

==Academic Studies and theories of media bias==

''The Media Elite,'' co-authored in 1986 by political scientists Robert Lichter, Stanley Rothman, and Linda Lichter is among the most cited academic study of political bias in news reporting. These researchers surveyed journalists at national media outlets such as the [[New York Times]], [[Washington Post]], and the broadcast networks. They found that most of the responding journalists were Democratic voters whose attitudes were far to the left of the general public on a variety of topics: [[homosexual]] rights, [[abortion]], [[affirmative action]], and so on. The study argued that the way in which journalists wrote about controversial issues was directly related to their personal political positions.

Independently corroborating the findings above, is the 2002 book length study by political communication researcher Jim A. Kuypers: Press Bias and Politics: How the Media Frame Controversial Issues. In this study of 116 mainstream US papers (including The New York Times, the Washington Post, Los Angeles Times, and the San Francisco Chronicle), Kuypers found that the mainstream print press in America operate within a narrow range of liberal beliefs. Those who expressed points of view further to the left were generally ignored, whereas those who expressed moderate or conservative points of view were often actively denigrated or labeled as holding a minority point of view. In short, if a political leader, regardless of party, spoke within the press-supported range of acceptable discourse, he or she would receive positive press coverage. If a politician, again regardless of party, were to speak outside of this range, he or she would receive negative press or be ignored. Kuypers also found that the liberal points of view expressed in editorial and opinion pages were found in hard news coverage of the same issues. Although focusing primarily on the issues of [[race]] and [[homosexuality]], Kuypers found that the press injected opinion into its news coverage of other issues such as [[welfare reform]], [[environmental protection]], and [[gun control]]; in all cases favoring a liberal point of view.

==See also==

*[[Liberal bias]]
*[[History Channel Documentary on KAL 007: a critical review]] - a study in Media bias and distortion
*[[Anecdotes of good will misconstruing]]
*[[Time magazine]]
*[[Wikipedia prejudice and KAL 007]]
*[[Vietnam War]]

==Notes==

* Christian groups accuse BBC drama of inciting anti-Christian bias <ref>http://www.jihadwatch.org/dhimmiwatch/archives/013849.php</ref>

* Canadian Jewish Authors Castigate Anti-Christian Media Bias <ref>http://www.lifesite.net/ldn/2005/may/05053005.html </ref>

* European Media and Anti-Israel Bias, A British journalist in Israel, Fatah leader caught by an Israeli army camera saying, "Don't start the stoning yet" <ref>http://www.aish.com/jewishissues/mediaobjectivity/European_Media_and_Anti-Israel_Bias.asp</ref>

* Recognizing Bias in Middle East Reporting: Rules for Reporters. What is media bias and why is it practiced against Israel? The Media's Anti-Israel Bias <ref>http://www.tampabayprimer.org/index.cfm?action=leftNav&drill=antiIsrael</ref>

* Anti-Israel Bias – An Endless Battle, trying to counter the anti-Israel bias in the media is an increasingly challenging proposition. <ref>http://www.cbn.com/cbnnews/world/israel/060904a.aspx</ref>

* Does the Media's anti-Israel bias matter? <ref>http://web.israelinsider.com/Views/5294.htm</ref>

* Fighting hate & bias <ref>http://geocities.com/fightinghate</ref>

* Addressing Anti Israel Media Bias · European Media and Anti-Israel Bias <ref>http://www.palestinefacts.org/pf_1991to_now_media_anti_israel_bias.php</ref>

* The day when the media will not be anti-Israel biased <ref>http://haveitclearly.blogspot.com/2007/03/when-media-is-not-anti-israel-biased.html</ref>

* Tom Gross on New York Times & Israel on National Review Online <ref>http://www.nationalreview.com/comment/comment-gross031403.asp</ref>

* French Media Bias Against Israel Blamed for Anti-Semitic Violence <ref>http://www.crosswalk.com/1313954/</ref>

* WorldNetDaily: Liberal bias against Christians? Not a chance! <ref>http://www.worldnetdaily.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=34045</ref>

==External links==

*[[Accuracy in Media]] (AIM) non-profit, grassroots citizens watchdog <ref>http://www.aim.org/index</ref>
*[http://mediamatters.org/ Media Matters for America], another notable media watchdog.
*[[CAMERA]] Dedicated for accuracy in reporting on the middle east <ref>http://camera.org</ref>
*[[ChronWatch]] A noted media watchdog and conservative news organization, with a mission to provide honest, alternative views to the increasing liberal-bias <ref>http://www.chronwatch-america.com/</ref>.
*[[Fairness & Accuracy in Reporting]] (FAIR) A media watchdog organization.<ref>http://www.fair.org/index.php</ref>
*[[HonestReporting]] A fast-action website that monitors Mideast media bias, <ref>http://www.honestreporting.com/</ref>
*[http://www.ihatethemedia.com IHateTheMedia.com] - Pointing out Liberal Bias daily
*[[MediaResearch]] (MRC) A leading media watchdog<ref>http://www.mediaresearch.org/welcome.asp</ref>
*[[NewsBusters]] A blog dedicated to "Exposing & Combating Liberal Media Bias" <ref>http://newsbusters.org/</ref>
*[[Take a pen]] Encourages fighting it <ref>http://take-a-pen.org</ref>.
*[http://www.studentnewsdaily.com/other/types-of-media-bias/ Types of Media Bias] - Student News Daily
* [http://www.media-awareness.ca/english/resources/educational/handouts/broadcast_news/bw_bias_in_the_news.cfm How to detect bias in the news]
*[[Politmus]] a crowdsourced site that allows members to rate and comment on examples of media bias they encounter<ref>http://www.politmus.com</ref>

== References ==

<references />

[[category:media]]

Media bias

2010-08-12T19:16:02Z

Patrick78: clarity

'''Media bias''' is distortion of news, commentary, non-fiction articles, textbooks, documentaries, speech codes and the like to favor one side's ideas over another's (see [[partisan]]ship). Dictatorships and other authoritarian regimes which suppress [[freedom of the press]] are notorious for their media bias, particularly when all media are controlled directly by a one-party government.

Most journalism schools in free countries address the issue of eliminating bias, although efforts are rarely successful. The U.S. media is strongly polarized, with multiple outlets have strong [[liberal]] and [[conservative]] biases, depending on which station is viewed. Overall, however, many, including some academics with scientific backing, maintain that the media has a general [[liberal]] bias.

==Sources of bias==
[[File:Palin-newsweek.jpg|thumb|300px|Example of propaganda, with an un-presidential photo and a lead headline in a purported "news magazine": "She's bad news for the GOP--and everybody else, too." The goal is to give Palin opponents ammunition to fight her popularity. ''Newsweek'' issue dated Nov. 23, 2009]]

#Deliberate [[propaganda]]: Presenting bias with the intention of benefiting the media establishment.
#Institutional bias: The reporters and editors of a media organization may hold political views, which influence their reporting. Reporting on the [[Vietnam war]] has been cited as a notable example of such.
#[[Sensationalism]]: Media depends on viewers for financial support. Thus 'irrelevant' stories may receive attention disproportionate to their impact.
#Omission: The inverse of sensationalism, media may overlook important but boring stories.
#[[Political correctness]] or sensitivity: Fearful of appearing racist or discriminatory, media may avoid any stories which reflect negatively on a ethnic, social or religious group, especially if the group is a minority.
#Confirmation bias: a type of selective thinking whereby liberals tend to report what confirms their beliefs, and to ignore, or undervalue what contradicts their beliefs.
#Audience bias: Readers or viewers tend to read news sources with which they agree. Thus, media must reinforce the existing views of their audience, or risk losing them. This source of bias can also reinforce the effect of a [[moral]] [[panic]]. In this case, the public may receive a distorted perspective that is a result of their own preferences, because the news media will deliberately deliver news not only suitable and desirable to the general public, but may also incorporate bias that would similarly suit the viewer.

==Academic Studies and theories of media bias==

''The Media Elite,'' co-authored in 1986 by political scientists Robert Lichter, Stanley Rothman, and Linda Lichter is among the most cited academic study of political bias in news reporting. These researchers surveyed journalists at national media outlets such as the [[New York Times]], [[Washington Post]], and the broadcast networks. They found that most of the responding journalists were Democratic voters whose attitudes were far to the left of the general public on a variety of topics: [[homosexual]] rights, [[abortion]], [[affirmative action]], and so on. The study argued that the way in which journalists wrote about controversial issues was directly related to their personal political positions.

Independently corroborating the findings above, is the 2002 book length study by political communication researcher Jim A. Kuypers: Press Bias and Politics: How the Media Frame Controversial Issues. In this study of 116 mainstream US papers (including The New York Times, the Washington Post, Los Angeles Times, and the San Francisco Chronicle), Kuypers found that the mainstream print press in America operate within a narrow range of liberal beliefs. Those who expressed points of view further to the left were generally ignored, whereas those who expressed moderate or conservative points of view were often actively denigrated or labeled as holding a minority point of view. In short, if a political leader, regardless of party, spoke within the press-supported range of acceptable discourse, he or she would receive positive press coverage. If a politician, again regardless of party, were to speak outside of this range, he or she would receive negative press or be ignored. Kuypers also found that the liberal points of view expressed in editorial and opinion pages were found in hard news coverage of the same issues. Although focusing primarily on the issues of [[race]] and [[homosexuality]], Kuypers found that the press injected opinion into its news coverage of other issues such as [[welfare reform]], [[environmental protection]], and [[gun control]]; in all cases favoring a liberal point of view.

==See also==

*[[Liberal bias]]
*[[History Channel Documentary on KAL 007: a critical review]] - a study in Media bias and distortion
*[[Anecdotes of good will misconstruing]]
*[[Time magazine]]
*[[Wikipedia prejudice and KAL 007]]
*[[Vietnam War]]

==Notes==

* Christian groups accuse BBC drama of inciting anti-Christian bias <ref>http://www.jihadwatch.org/dhimmiwatch/archives/013849.php</ref>

* Canadian Jewish Authors Castigate Anti-Christian Media Bias <ref>http://www.lifesite.net/ldn/2005/may/05053005.html </ref>

* European Media and Anti-Israel Bias, A British journalist in Israel, Fatah leader caught by an Israeli army camera saying, "Don't start the stoning yet" <ref>http://www.aish.com/jewishissues/mediaobjectivity/European_Media_and_Anti-Israel_Bias.asp</ref>

* Recognizing Bias in Middle East Reporting: Rules for Reporters. What is media bias and why is it practiced against Israel? The Media's Anti-Israel Bias <ref>http://www.tampabayprimer.org/index.cfm?action=leftNav&drill=antiIsrael</ref>

* Anti-Israel Bias – An Endless Battle, trying to counter the anti-Israel bias in the media is an increasingly challenging proposition. <ref>http://www.cbn.com/cbnnews/world/israel/060904a.aspx</ref>

* Does the Media's anti-Israel bias matter? <ref>http://web.israelinsider.com/Views/5294.htm</ref>

* Fighting hate & bias <ref>http://geocities.com/fightinghate</ref>

* Addressing Anti Israel Media Bias · European Media and Anti-Israel Bias <ref>http://www.palestinefacts.org/pf_1991to_now_media_anti_israel_bias.php</ref>

* The day when the media will not be anti-Israel biased <ref>http://haveitclearly.blogspot.com/2007/03/when-media-is-not-anti-israel-biased.html</ref>

* Tom Gross on New York Times & Israel on National Review Online <ref>http://www.nationalreview.com/comment/comment-gross031403.asp</ref>

* French Media Bias Against Israel Blamed for Anti-Semitic Violence <ref>http://www.crosswalk.com/1313954/</ref>

* WorldNetDaily: Liberal bias against Christians? Not a chance! <ref>http://www.worldnetdaily.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=34045</ref>

==External links==

*[[Accuracy in Media]] (AIM) non-profit, grassroots citizens watchdog <ref>http://www.aim.org/index</ref>
*[http://mediamatters.org/ Media Matters for America], another notable media watchdog.
*[[CAMERA]] Dedicated for accuracy in reporting on the middle east <ref>http://camera.org</ref>
*[[ChronWatch]] A noted media watchdog and conservative news organization, with a mission to provide honest, alternative views to the increasing liberal-bias <ref>http://www.chronwatch-america.com/</ref>.
*[[Fairness & Accuracy in Reporting]] (FAIR) A media watchdog organization.<ref>http://www.fair.org/index.php</ref>
*[[HonestReporting]] A fast-action website that monitors Mideast media bias, <ref>http://www.honestreporting.com/</ref>
*[http://www.ihatethemedia.com IHateTheMedia.com] - Pointing out Liberal Bias daily
*[[MediaResearch]] (MRC) A leading media watchdog<ref>http://www.mediaresearch.org/welcome.asp</ref>
*[[NewsBusters]] A blog dedicated to "Exposing & Combating Liberal Media Bias" <ref>http://newsbusters.org/</ref>
*[[Take a pen]] Encourages fighting it <ref>http://take-a-pen.org</ref>.
*[http://www.studentnewsdaily.com/other/types-of-media-bias/ Types of Media Bias] - Student News Daily
* [http://www.media-awareness.ca/english/resources/educational/handouts/broadcast_news/bw_bias_in_the_news.cfm How to detect bias in the news]
*[[Politmus]] a crowdsourced site that allows members to rate and comment on examples of media bias they encounter<ref>http://www.politmus.com</ref>

== References ==

<references />

[[category:media]]

Media bias

2010-08-12T19:15:16Z

Patrick78: oops! actually made it worse

'''Media bias''' is distortion of news, commentary, non-fiction articles, textbooks, documentaries, speech codes and the like to favor one side's ideas over another's (see [[partisan]]ship). Dictatorships which suppress [[freedom of the press]] are notorious for their media bias, particularly when all media are controlled directly by a one-party government.

Most journalism schools in free countries address the issue of eliminating bias, although efforts are rarely successful. The U.S. media is strongly polarized, with multiple outlets have strong [[liberal]] and [[conservative]] biases, depending on which station is viewed. Overall, however, many, including some academics with scientific backing, maintain that the media has a general [[liberal]] bias.

==Sources of bias==
[[File:Palin-newsweek.jpg|thumb|300px|Example of propaganda, with an un-presidential photo and a lead headline in a purported "news magazine": "She's bad news for the GOP--and everybody else, too." The goal is to give Palin opponents ammunition to fight her popularity. ''Newsweek'' issue dated Nov. 23, 2009]]

#Deliberate [[propaganda]]: Presenting bias with the intention of benefiting the media establishment.
#Institutional bias: The reporters and editors of a media organization may hold political views, which influence their reporting. Reporting on the [[Vietnam war]] has been cited as a notable example of such.
#[[Sensationalism]]: Media depends on viewers for financial support. Thus 'irrelevant' stories may receive attention disproportionate to their impact.
#Omission: The inverse of sensationalism, media may overlook important but boring stories.
#[[Political correctness]] or sensitivity: Fearful of appearing racist or discriminatory, media may avoid any stories which reflect negatively on a ethnic, social or religious group, especially if the group is a minority.
#Confirmation bias: a type of selective thinking whereby liberals tend to report what confirms their beliefs, and to ignore, or undervalue what contradicts their beliefs.
#Audience bias: Readers or viewers tend to read news sources with which they agree. Thus, media must reinforce the existing views of their audience, or risk losing them. This source of bias can also reinforce the effect of a [[moral]] [[panic]]. In this case, the public may receive a distorted perspective that is a result of their own preferences, because the news media will deliberately deliver news not only suitable and desirable to the general public, but may also incorporate bias that would similarly suit the viewer.

==Academic Studies and theories of media bias==

''The Media Elite,'' co-authored in 1986 by political scientists Robert Lichter, Stanley Rothman, and Linda Lichter is among the most cited academic study of political bias in news reporting. These researchers surveyed journalists at national media outlets such as the [[New York Times]], [[Washington Post]], and the broadcast networks. They found that most of the responding journalists were Democratic voters whose attitudes were far to the left of the general public on a variety of topics: [[homosexual]] rights, [[abortion]], [[affirmative action]], and so on. The study argued that the way in which journalists wrote about controversial issues was directly related to their personal political positions.

Independently corroborating the findings above, is the 2002 book length study by political communication researcher Jim A. Kuypers: Press Bias and Politics: How the Media Frame Controversial Issues. In this study of 116 mainstream US papers (including The New York Times, the Washington Post, Los Angeles Times, and the San Francisco Chronicle), Kuypers found that the mainstream print press in America operate within a narrow range of liberal beliefs. Those who expressed points of view further to the left were generally ignored, whereas those who expressed moderate or conservative points of view were often actively denigrated or labeled as holding a minority point of view. In short, if a political leader, regardless of party, spoke within the press-supported range of acceptable discourse, he or she would receive positive press coverage. If a politician, again regardless of party, were to speak outside of this range, he or she would receive negative press or be ignored. Kuypers also found that the liberal points of view expressed in editorial and opinion pages were found in hard news coverage of the same issues. Although focusing primarily on the issues of [[race]] and [[homosexuality]], Kuypers found that the press injected opinion into its news coverage of other issues such as [[welfare reform]], [[environmental protection]], and [[gun control]]; in all cases favoring a liberal point of view.

==See also==

*[[Liberal bias]]
*[[History Channel Documentary on KAL 007: a critical review]] - a study in Media bias and distortion
*[[Anecdotes of good will misconstruing]]
*[[Time magazine]]
*[[Wikipedia prejudice and KAL 007]]
*[[Vietnam War]]

==Notes==

* Christian groups accuse BBC drama of inciting anti-Christian bias <ref>http://www.jihadwatch.org/dhimmiwatch/archives/013849.php</ref>

* Canadian Jewish Authors Castigate Anti-Christian Media Bias <ref>http://www.lifesite.net/ldn/2005/may/05053005.html </ref>

* European Media and Anti-Israel Bias, A British journalist in Israel, Fatah leader caught by an Israeli army camera saying, "Don't start the stoning yet" <ref>http://www.aish.com/jewishissues/mediaobjectivity/European_Media_and_Anti-Israel_Bias.asp</ref>

* Recognizing Bias in Middle East Reporting: Rules for Reporters. What is media bias and why is it practiced against Israel? The Media's Anti-Israel Bias <ref>http://www.tampabayprimer.org/index.cfm?action=leftNav&drill=antiIsrael</ref>

* Anti-Israel Bias – An Endless Battle, trying to counter the anti-Israel bias in the media is an increasingly challenging proposition. <ref>http://www.cbn.com/cbnnews/world/israel/060904a.aspx</ref>

* Does the Media's anti-Israel bias matter? <ref>http://web.israelinsider.com/Views/5294.htm</ref>

* Fighting hate & bias <ref>http://geocities.com/fightinghate</ref>

* Addressing Anti Israel Media Bias · European Media and Anti-Israel Bias <ref>http://www.palestinefacts.org/pf_1991to_now_media_anti_israel_bias.php</ref>

* The day when the media will not be anti-Israel biased <ref>http://haveitclearly.blogspot.com/2007/03/when-media-is-not-anti-israel-biased.html</ref>

* Tom Gross on New York Times & Israel on National Review Online <ref>http://www.nationalreview.com/comment/comment-gross031403.asp</ref>

* French Media Bias Against Israel Blamed for Anti-Semitic Violence <ref>http://www.crosswalk.com/1313954/</ref>

* WorldNetDaily: Liberal bias against Christians? Not a chance! <ref>http://www.worldnetdaily.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=34045</ref>

==External links==

*[[Accuracy in Media]] (AIM) non-profit, grassroots citizens watchdog <ref>http://www.aim.org/index</ref>
*[http://mediamatters.org/ Media Matters for America], another notable media watchdog.
*[[CAMERA]] Dedicated for accuracy in reporting on the middle east <ref>http://camera.org</ref>
*[[ChronWatch]] A noted media watchdog and conservative news organization, with a mission to provide honest, alternative views to the increasing liberal-bias <ref>http://www.chronwatch-america.com/</ref>.
*[[Fairness & Accuracy in Reporting]] (FAIR) A media watchdog organization.<ref>http://www.fair.org/index.php</ref>
*[[HonestReporting]] A fast-action website that monitors Mideast media bias, <ref>http://www.honestreporting.com/</ref>
*[http://www.ihatethemedia.com IHateTheMedia.com] - Pointing out Liberal Bias daily
*[[MediaResearch]] (MRC) A leading media watchdog<ref>http://www.mediaresearch.org/welcome.asp</ref>
*[[NewsBusters]] A blog dedicated to "Exposing & Combating Liberal Media Bias" <ref>http://newsbusters.org/</ref>
*[[Take a pen]] Encourages fighting it <ref>http://take-a-pen.org</ref>.
*[http://www.studentnewsdaily.com/other/types-of-media-bias/ Types of Media Bias] - Student News Daily
* [http://www.media-awareness.ca/english/resources/educational/handouts/broadcast_news/bw_bias_in_the_news.cfm How to detect bias in the news]
*[[Politmus]] a crowdsourced site that allows members to rate and comment on examples of media bias they encounter<ref>http://www.politmus.com</ref>

== References ==

<references />

[[category:media]]

Media bias

2010-08-12T19:15:00Z

Patrick78: syntax

'''Media bias''' is distortion of news, commentary, non-fiction articles, textbooks, documentaries, speech codes and the like to favor one side's ideas and another's (see [[partisan]]ship). Dictatorships which suppress [[freedom of the press]] are notorious for their media bias, particularly when all media are controlled directly by a one-party government.

Most journalism schools in free countries address the issue of eliminating bias, although efforts are rarely successful. The U.S. media is strongly polarized, with multiple outlets have strong [[liberal]] and [[conservative]] biases, depending on which station is viewed. Overall, however, many, including some academics with scientific backing, maintain that the media has a general [[liberal]] bias.

==Sources of bias==
[[File:Palin-newsweek.jpg|thumb|300px|Example of propaganda, with an un-presidential photo and a lead headline in a purported "news magazine": "She's bad news for the GOP--and everybody else, too." The goal is to give Palin opponents ammunition to fight her popularity. ''Newsweek'' issue dated Nov. 23, 2009]]

#Deliberate [[propaganda]]: Presenting bias with the intention of benefiting the media establishment.
#Institutional bias: The reporters and editors of a media organization may hold political views, which influence their reporting. Reporting on the [[Vietnam war]] has been cited as a notable example of such.
#[[Sensationalism]]: Media depends on viewers for financial support. Thus 'irrelevant' stories may receive attention disproportionate to their impact.
#Omission: The inverse of sensationalism, media may overlook important but boring stories.
#[[Political correctness]] or sensitivity: Fearful of appearing racist or discriminatory, media may avoid any stories which reflect negatively on a ethnic, social or religious group, especially if the group is a minority.
#Confirmation bias: a type of selective thinking whereby liberals tend to report what confirms their beliefs, and to ignore, or undervalue what contradicts their beliefs.
#Audience bias: Readers or viewers tend to read news sources with which they agree. Thus, media must reinforce the existing views of their audience, or risk losing them. This source of bias can also reinforce the effect of a [[moral]] [[panic]]. In this case, the public may receive a distorted perspective that is a result of their own preferences, because the news media will deliberately deliver news not only suitable and desirable to the general public, but may also incorporate bias that would similarly suit the viewer.

==Academic Studies and theories of media bias==

''The Media Elite,'' co-authored in 1986 by political scientists Robert Lichter, Stanley Rothman, and Linda Lichter is among the most cited academic study of political bias in news reporting. These researchers surveyed journalists at national media outlets such as the [[New York Times]], [[Washington Post]], and the broadcast networks. They found that most of the responding journalists were Democratic voters whose attitudes were far to the left of the general public on a variety of topics: [[homosexual]] rights, [[abortion]], [[affirmative action]], and so on. The study argued that the way in which journalists wrote about controversial issues was directly related to their personal political positions.

Independently corroborating the findings above, is the 2002 book length study by political communication researcher Jim A. Kuypers: Press Bias and Politics: How the Media Frame Controversial Issues. In this study of 116 mainstream US papers (including The New York Times, the Washington Post, Los Angeles Times, and the San Francisco Chronicle), Kuypers found that the mainstream print press in America operate within a narrow range of liberal beliefs. Those who expressed points of view further to the left were generally ignored, whereas those who expressed moderate or conservative points of view were often actively denigrated or labeled as holding a minority point of view. In short, if a political leader, regardless of party, spoke within the press-supported range of acceptable discourse, he or she would receive positive press coverage. If a politician, again regardless of party, were to speak outside of this range, he or she would receive negative press or be ignored. Kuypers also found that the liberal points of view expressed in editorial and opinion pages were found in hard news coverage of the same issues. Although focusing primarily on the issues of [[race]] and [[homosexuality]], Kuypers found that the press injected opinion into its news coverage of other issues such as [[welfare reform]], [[environmental protection]], and [[gun control]]; in all cases favoring a liberal point of view.

==See also==

*[[Liberal bias]]
*[[History Channel Documentary on KAL 007: a critical review]] - a study in Media bias and distortion
*[[Anecdotes of good will misconstruing]]
*[[Time magazine]]
*[[Wikipedia prejudice and KAL 007]]
*[[Vietnam War]]

==Notes==

* Christian groups accuse BBC drama of inciting anti-Christian bias <ref>http://www.jihadwatch.org/dhimmiwatch/archives/013849.php</ref>

* Canadian Jewish Authors Castigate Anti-Christian Media Bias <ref>http://www.lifesite.net/ldn/2005/may/05053005.html </ref>

* European Media and Anti-Israel Bias, A British journalist in Israel, Fatah leader caught by an Israeli army camera saying, "Don't start the stoning yet" <ref>http://www.aish.com/jewishissues/mediaobjectivity/European_Media_and_Anti-Israel_Bias.asp</ref>

* Recognizing Bias in Middle East Reporting: Rules for Reporters. What is media bias and why is it practiced against Israel? The Media's Anti-Israel Bias <ref>http://www.tampabayprimer.org/index.cfm?action=leftNav&drill=antiIsrael</ref>

* Anti-Israel Bias – An Endless Battle, trying to counter the anti-Israel bias in the media is an increasingly challenging proposition. <ref>http://www.cbn.com/cbnnews/world/israel/060904a.aspx</ref>

* Does the Media's anti-Israel bias matter? <ref>http://web.israelinsider.com/Views/5294.htm</ref>

* Fighting hate & bias <ref>http://geocities.com/fightinghate</ref>

* Addressing Anti Israel Media Bias · European Media and Anti-Israel Bias <ref>http://www.palestinefacts.org/pf_1991to_now_media_anti_israel_bias.php</ref>

* The day when the media will not be anti-Israel biased <ref>http://haveitclearly.blogspot.com/2007/03/when-media-is-not-anti-israel-biased.html</ref>

* Tom Gross on New York Times & Israel on National Review Online <ref>http://www.nationalreview.com/comment/comment-gross031403.asp</ref>

* French Media Bias Against Israel Blamed for Anti-Semitic Violence <ref>http://www.crosswalk.com/1313954/</ref>

* WorldNetDaily: Liberal bias against Christians? Not a chance! <ref>http://www.worldnetdaily.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=34045</ref>

==External links==

*[[Accuracy in Media]] (AIM) non-profit, grassroots citizens watchdog <ref>http://www.aim.org/index</ref>
*[http://mediamatters.org/ Media Matters for America], another notable media watchdog.
*[[CAMERA]] Dedicated for accuracy in reporting on the middle east <ref>http://camera.org</ref>
*[[ChronWatch]] A noted media watchdog and conservative news organization, with a mission to provide honest, alternative views to the increasing liberal-bias <ref>http://www.chronwatch-america.com/</ref>.
*[[Fairness & Accuracy in Reporting]] (FAIR) A media watchdog organization.<ref>http://www.fair.org/index.php</ref>
*[[HonestReporting]] A fast-action website that monitors Mideast media bias, <ref>http://www.honestreporting.com/</ref>
*[http://www.ihatethemedia.com IHateTheMedia.com] - Pointing out Liberal Bias daily
*[[MediaResearch]] (MRC) A leading media watchdog<ref>http://www.mediaresearch.org/welcome.asp</ref>
*[[NewsBusters]] A blog dedicated to "Exposing & Combating Liberal Media Bias" <ref>http://newsbusters.org/</ref>
*[[Take a pen]] Encourages fighting it <ref>http://take-a-pen.org</ref>.
*[http://www.studentnewsdaily.com/other/types-of-media-bias/ Types of Media Bias] - Student News Daily
* [http://www.media-awareness.ca/english/resources/educational/handouts/broadcast_news/bw_bias_in_the_news.cfm How to detect bias in the news]
*[[Politmus]] a crowdsourced site that allows members to rate and comment on examples of media bias they encounter<ref>http://www.politmus.com</ref>

== References ==

<references />

[[category:media]]

Media fluff

2010-07-30T18:01:11Z

Patrick78: Created page with ''''Media fluff''' (or '''media padding''') is the name given to the phenomenon among many news organisations of giving disproportionate air-time (or in the case of [[newspape…'

'''Media fluff''' (or '''media padding''') is the name given to the phenomenon among many [[news]] organisations of giving disproportionate air-time (or in the case of [[newspaper]]s, column space) to news stories that are usually regarded as trivial or inconsequential. Media fluff is most prevalent among 24-hour news television channels, that often find themselves struggling to to fill air-time in a competitive "[[infotainment]]" market.

DougPD, a libertarian at [[Nolan Chart]], describes<ref>http://www.nolanchart.com/article520.html</ref> media fluff: "The MSM keeps the sheeple of this country busy with nonsense, trash 'news' so that we might not see through the veil of truth."

The concept of media fluff is explored in the book ''It's Not News It's Fark: How Mass Media Tries to Pass Off Crap as News''<ref>http://www.fark.com/2007/book/</ref>, in which author [[Drew Curtis]] describes specific patterns in news reporting - generally among television news.

Sections of the book showcase examples of media fluff, including:

*Media Fearmongering, whereby "scare stories" are used to attract an audience's attention
*Unpaid Placement Masquerading as Actual Article, in which news stories advertise a product or organization
*Seasonal Articles, which focus on recurring articles published the same time every year
*Media Fatigue refers to stories examined and exhausted past their relevance

==References==
<references/>

User:Patrick78

2010-07-29T18:30:22Z

Patrick78: Created page with 'test ''test'' =heading= ==heading=='

test
''test''

=heading=
==heading==