Conservapedia - User contributions [en]

Mitt Romney

2008-01-30T21:30:32Z

Mcpannier: /* Ames Straw Poll */

[[Image:Xnmhv.jpg|right|250x250px|thumb|Mitt Romney]]
'''Willard "Mitt" Romney''' (born March 12, 1947), served as the governor of [[Massachusetts]] from 2003 to 2007 and is a [[Republican]] candidate in the 2008 presidential election. If elected, he would become the first [[Mormon]] president. Romney first gained national recognition for his role in turning around the 2002 Winter Olympics. With the 2002 Games mired in controversy and facing a financial crisis, Romney left behind a successful career as an entrepreneur to take over as President and CEO of the Salt Lake Organizing Committee. As governor, Romney balanced the budget every year in his administration without raising taxes or increasing debt. He also created over 60,000 new jobs and brought [[conservative]] change to the [[liberal]] state of Massachusetts.

== Personal ==
[[Image:MittRomneyYouth05.jpg|thumb|Ann Lois Davies and Willard Mitt Romney]]
Currently, Romney is gaining popularity because his stable marriage attracts conservative audiences who are unhappy with [[John McCain]], [[Rudy Giuliani]], and [[Newt Gingrich]]'s many divorces. In fact, Romney's wife, Ann, has even made it a point to highlight this difference, commenting at one GOP event that the difference between her husband and the other Republican candidates is that "he's had only one wife."<ref>http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/06/08/AR2007060802781_pf.html</ref>

Romney is the son of former [[Michigan]] Governor and presidential candidate George Romney, a "Rockefeller Republican,"<ref>Lisa McGirr,Suburban Warriors (book), Copyright 2001, Princeton University Press, p. 141, 222.</ref> Many Massachusetts Republicans do not connect the father's politics with the son's, much like Presidents [[George H. W. Bush|George Herbert Walker Bush]] and [[George W. Bush|George Walker Bush]].

== Political Views ==

===Abortion===
"I am [[pro-life]]. I believe that [[abortion]] is the wrong choice except in cases of incest, rape, and to save the life of the mother. I wish the people of America agreed, and that the laws of our nation could reflect that view. But while the nation remains so divided over abortion, I believe that the states, through the democratic process, should determine their own abortion laws and not have them dictated by [[judicial mandate]]." ([[Boston]] Globe, Mitt Romney Editorial, July 26, 2005)
<ref>[http://www.mittromney.com/Issue-Watch/Values America's Culture and Values] mittromney.com</ref> 

Despite having a largely pro-life record as governor, in a 1994 debate with Senator [[Edward Kennedy]], Romney said that abortion should be legal, declaring that "regardless of one's beliefs about choice, you would hope it would be safe and legal." "Many years ago, I had a dear, close family relative that was very close to me who passed away from an illegal abortion", Romney said. "It is since that time my mother and my family have been committed to the belief that we can believe as we want, but we will not force our beliefs on others on that matter. And you will not see me wavering on that." [http://www.boston.com/news/local/articles/2005/07/03/clarity_sought_on_romneys_abortion_stance/?page=2]

In his campaign literature for the 2002 Massachusetts gubernatorial election, Romney expressed a willingness to defend that State's pro-choice status quo. [http://web.archive.org/web/20021218005104/www.romneyhealey.com/issues/4]

===Civil Unions===

Romney is opposed to the idea of [[gay marriage]], however he has voiced support for domestic partnership benefits and equal rights for [[homosexuals]].[http://web.archive.org/web/20021218005104/www.romneyhealey.com/issues/3]

===Economic Agenda===

As President, Governor Mitt Romney says he will pursue a Conservative, Pro-Growth [[Economic]] Agenda. Governor Romney's number one economic priority would be to grow the economy — helping to create good jobs, raise incomes and preserve American strength. He says he would work to rein in excessive government spending and reform entitlements. To ensure America's continued economic growth, he promises to cut taxes — such as the Death Tax, savings taxes, corporate taxes and marginal tax rates.

Governor Romney says he would also promote trade, bring market forces to bear in health care, pursue national tort and liability reform, eliminate excessive regulations that put a burden on our economy and strengthen American families.

====Overall Economic Priorities====

*Lowering Taxes: Proposes lowering tax rates for all Americans.
*Spending: Believes Washington's focus should be on cutting spending.
*National Tort Reform: Supports nationwide reforms to our tort system.
*Union Card Check Legislation: Supports the rights of workers to decide whether to join a union or not.
*Regulatory Reform and Sarbanes-Oxley: Believes the Washington regulatory burden is too high.

===Immigration===

<blockquote>Immigration has been an important part of our nation's success. The current system, however, puts up a concrete wall to the best and brightest, yet those without skill or education are able to walk across the border. We must reform the current immigration laws so we can secure our borders, implement a mandatory biometrically enabled, tamper proof documentation and employment verification system, and increase legal immigration into America. [http://www.mittromney.com/Issue-Watch/Immigration]</blockquote>
*[http://desmoinesregister.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070323/NEWS09/703230396/-1/politics Des Moines Register: Romney: Reform Immigration, Allow Students To Stay]
*[http://www.iowapolitics.com/index.iml?Article=91722 IowaPolitics.com: Romney Touts Strong Stance On Illegal Immigration]

:On 5/24/07, Romney spoke about how he was tolerant about Gays and then he discussed the current illegal immigration bill before Congress:
<blockquote>He expressed less tolerance for illegal immigrants, and said he and President Bush have a difference of opinions on a bill that would provide a path toward legalization for an estimated 12 million people unlawfully in the country.

"He has his view, and other people have their views and I have my own," Romney said. "This is for all intents and purposes a form of amnesty in that everyone who is here illegally today will be able to stay under this bill."

The bill is unfair to people who are trying to come to the country legally, he said. People here illegally should be able to apply to come to the United States, but under the same terms as everyone else and behind those who have already applied.

"I don't think that we're going to round up 11 or 12 or however many million people and bus them out of the country. That's not what I'm talking about," Romney said. "Those who committed felonies, of course, would be deported. Those who require government assistance to stay here would surely need to get off government assistance and ultimately could not remain here on government assistance."[http://www.foxnews.com/wires/2007May24/0,4670,RomneyGays,00.html]</blockquote>

===Stem Cell Research===
Mitt Romney supports the right of scientists to research on embryos created during fertility treatments.[http://www.boston.com/yourlife/health/diseases/articles/2007/02/11/romneys_stem_cell_view_may_upset_the_right/]

==2008 Presidential Campaign==
As chairman of the [[Republican Governors Association]], Mitt Romney spent a lot of time in 2006 campaigning across the country for Republican gubernatorial candidates. While he did not run for reelection as governor, in 2004 Romney set up a federal political action committee (PAC) called the Commonwealth PAC, which raised 2.71 million during the 2006 election cycle. On January 3, 2007, his next-to-last day in office as governor of Massachusetts, Romney filed to form a presidential exploratory committee with the Federal Election Commission. He officially announced his candidacy for President about a month later. Romney was the first candidate in either party to start running [[television]] and [[radio]] ads. The ads focused mainly on his record as governor, running the 2002 Salt Lake Olympics, and his work as a very successful businessman. Romney's five sons have been actively campaigning for their father, traveling around in a campaign bus called the "Mitt Mobile, A Five Brothers Bus."

Romney won the Michigan primary on January 16th, 2008, with 39% of the vote, edging out McCain with 30% and Huckabee with 16%. Romney was favored to win in the state of his birth, where his father, [[George Romney]] was governor from 1963-1969. After losing both the Iowa caucus and the New Hampshire primary (to Huckabee and McCain, respectively), Romney won a low-publicized Wyoming caucus. On January 19, Romney easily won the [[Nevada]] caucuses by 37 percentage points when there were seven candidates on the ballot, however, on that same day he placed a distant fourth in the [[South Carolina]] primary. Governor Romney currently leads among delegate's, with him having 72, and McCain in second with 38.

==[[Ames Straw Poll]]==
On August 11, 2007, Mitt Romney won the Ames Straw Poll. He received 31% of the vote at the Straw Poll, a larger margin than then-[[Texas]] Governor [[George W. Bush]] received in 2000. Former [[Arkansas]] Governor [[Mike Huckabee]] came in second with 18%.

==Fundraising==
Mitt Romney has done well in fund raising. During his first fund raiser as a presidential candidate, he raised 6.5 million dollars when his goal was to raise 1 million. During the first quarter Romney raised more money then any other Republican presidential candidate with $23 million. However, a substantial portion of his funds ($17 million) came from his own personal wealth. [http://www.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2007/10/16/top_spender_romney_could_soon_run_short/]

==Opinion polling==
[[Image:Dude and mitt romney.jpg|right|180px]]
Mitt Romney leads in all the early primary states such as [[Iowa]], [[New Hampshire]], [[Nevada]], [[South Carolina]] and [[Michigan]]. He also leads in [[Idaho]], [[Utah]] and [[Wyoming]]. However, Romney is behind Mayor Giuliani and Senator Fred Thompson by narrow margins. A poll taken August 13, 2007 in South Carolina showed Romney (17%) moving up to third place behind Giuliani (18%) and Thompson (22%), though with the margin of error all three candidates were effectively tied.

==Endorsements==
===Congressional===
* Former [[Speaker of the House]] [[J. Dennis Hastert|Dennis Hastert]]
* Senator [[Bob Bennett]] of [[Utah]]
* Senator [[Orrin Hatch]] of [[Utah]]
* Senator [[Larry Craig]] of [[Idaho]]
* Senator [[Jim DeMint]] of [[South Carolina]]
* Senator [[Wayne Allard]] of [[Colorado]]
* Senator [[Judd Gregg]] of [[New Hampshire]]
* Former Sen. [[Jim Talent]] of [[Missouri]]

===Governors===
* Missouri Governor [[Matt Blunt]]
* Former Colorado Governor [[Bill Owens]]
* [[Rhode Island]] Governor [[Donald Carcieri]]
* Former South Carolina Governor James B. Edwards
* Former Massachusetts Governor Bill Weld
* Former Montana Governor Tim Babcock

==References==
<References/>

==External links==
*[http://www.mittromney.com Mitt Romney for President 2008]
*[http://www.ldslivingonline.com/article.php?articleId=17633 Mitt Romney: proudly, quietly Mormon]
*[http://www.evangelicalsformitt.org/ Evangelicals for Mitt]
*[http://sparklepony.blogspot.com/2007/03/fresh-mitt-romney-juvenalia-hot-off.html Fresh Mitt Romney Juvenalia] Pics - Comments.
*[http://article.nationalreview.com/?q=YjE4MmMyMzVkZjlhZGQzNzlhZjdmMDEzNjI3MzM4ZTA= Mitt Romney: “I Changed My View. Is that So Difficult to Understand?”] The candidate talks about his efforts to convince voters that his pro-life conversion is real. Byron York, National Review Online, November 20, 2007
*[http://article.nationalreview.com/?q=Y2ZkMWNkZDkzOTk1YTM0NTNkNmJlZThmYjJmM2ZmOGE= Did Mitt Romney Push Poll Himself?] Mark Hemingway, National Review Online, November 19, 2007
*[http://corner.nationalreview.com/post/?q=Y2EzODZjY2UxZTRhMWE2ZDk1ZWE5MGI0ZmRjMDViZTI= Team Romney on Push-Poll Connections] After reading the Hemingway piece, Kevin Madden, Romney for President campaign spokesman replies. Kathryn Jean Lopez, National Review Online, November 19, 2007
*[http://article.nationalreview.com/?q=MzliMDgzOWVlOGEwYThlMzc5ZDVlNzM2YjA4M2ZkYTg= Romney Stands for Faith] The candidate pushes back against push-poll attacks. Larry Kudlow, National Review Online, November 16, 2007
*[http://article.nationalreview.com/?q=MGQ4YmM4Y2U3Yjc3MzYzNDQwYzk3YTVjMTI5YTkwNzg= Romney’s Religion], The Editors, National Review Online, November 16, 2007

==Blogs==
*[http://www.mymanmitt.com/mitt-romney/ My Man Mitt]
*[http://conservativesagainstromney.com/ Conservatives Against Romney]

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[[Category:Political people]]
[[Category:2008 Presidential Candidates]]

Talk:Mitt Romney

2007-10-06T12:10:43Z

Mcpannier: suggested edits

{{Protected|TK}}

"The irony that the Mormon has been married the least times of all the candidates was pointed out by Romney's wife, Ann, who said the difference between her husband and the other candidates is that "he's had only one wife."[1]"

This entire sentence is awkward and irrelevant. 'the irony that the Mormon' just doesn't sound right. --[[User:WOVcenter|WOVcenter]] 03:10, 10 March 2007 (EST)
:Agreed. I was just thinking of a way to rewrite it. [[User:Jinkas|Jinkas]] 18:28, 3 August 2007 (EDT)

"Although Romney now identifies himself as pro-life and anti-same sex marriage, he claimed to be pro choice and supported same-sex rights as late as 2002."

There is a difference between same-sex marriage and same-sex rights, so this isn't really a flip-flop.
:Also, let's face it, he said those things so he could get elected Governor of MA. To an extent I see that as stealthily putting one over on the MA voters, since I suspect his abortion and gay marriage views have always been what he claims them to be now. In MA it wouldn't matter, since neither issue would come up in a way that he could affect. Does saying them count as deceit in this case, or just, well, political expediency? You're not going to find anyone old enough to run for President who has been involved in politics who hasn't compromised themselves to some extent like this. Just my opinion, I guess. [[User:Human|Human]] 17:03, 5 May 2007 (EDT)

Missing and apostrophe in the word "States" in paragraph 3 of the Abortion section. It should be "State's."
The paragraph on Mitt's stem cell research stance is confusing. What are embryos creaded during fertility treatments? The link for that sentence doesn't work.
The poll for March is out of date. Here's the link to a late September poll: <http://www.pollingreport.com/wh08rep.htm>. Romney had 10% in this poll.
Please fix these edits because the page is locked so I can't fix them myself.--[[User:Mcpannier|Mcpannier]] 08:10, 6 October 2007 (EDT)

Federal question

2007-09-07T23:58:56Z

Mcpannier: added links to United States Constitution, Congress

Jurisdiction given to federal courts in cases involving the interpretation and application of the [[United States Constitution|U.S. Constitution]], acts of [[Congress]], and treaties.[[category:legal terms]]

American Government Lecture One 2007

2007-09-03T23:58:06Z

Mcpannier: Fixed George W. Bush link and added a "we" to the explaination for the third issue to consider

American Government
 First Lecture - THE CONSTITUTION
 Instructor: Andy Schlafly

 Outline of Lecture:
 I. Introduction
 II. Purpose of Course
 III. Textbook
 IV. “Federal”
 V. U.S. Constitution
 VI. Checks and Balances/Separation of Powers
 VII. Issues to Consider

'''I. Introduction'''

The most popular season of the year, Fall, is upon us. Hope your summer vacation was good, and not too short.

When my daughter heard I would be teaching this course in American Government, she complained, “Why not teach something useful instead? Even math would be better!”

Math is important, but so is government. You cannot drive a car without a license from government. You cannot own land without complying with government’s rules. It requires a government license to work as a doctor, lawyer, accountant, architect, electrician, undertaker, plumber and so on.

You probably need a license to hunt, or own a gun. You even need a license to cut someone else’s hair for pay. You have to understand how government works in order to get anything done.

When something bad happens, such as the bridge collapsing about a month ago in [[Minnesota]], we need to know which part of government is responsible. Was that President [[George W. Bush]]'s fault? How would you find out?

With all its regulations, government can seem to be all-powerful. But actually our government is limited in power. There is much that it cannot do. It cannot seize our land, unless it pays us for it. It typically cannot enter our homes, unless it has a warrant.

We constantly see the president on television. This gives the impression that he, too, is all-powerful. But people pretend he has more control than he really does. He cannot pass laws. He cannot declare war. He cannot remove any judges or congressmen from office. Usually he cannot even stay in his job as president for more than two terms.

There are also limits on what [[Congress]] and the [[Supreme Court]] can do. Congress cannot pass laws interfering with the powers of state governments. Congress can start wars, but cannot do much to stop them. The Supreme Court, for its part, can only decide cases presented to it. The Court can declare laws passed by Congress to be unconstitutional.

How do we know what the President, Congress and the Supreme Court can and cannot do? They are all explained in one brief document: the United States Constitution.

Look on page 317 of your textbook. There it is, the entire United States Constitution. Without the Amendments and signatures, it is only 12 pages long: pp. 317-28. If you truly learn those 12 pages, then you will know more than most lawyers, politicians, college graduates, and 99% of the population. It’s that simple.

If you ever want to be a lawyer, you will have to pass the Bar exam. One-quarter of the exam consists of questions about the Constitution. Most people, even after law school, don’t know it very well. Most politicians don’t know it at all. We will.

It will help you to read, and reread, those 12 pages, and constantly refer to them throughout the course. Put a post-it or paperclip on page 317 to mark it for easy reference. When you hear news about our national government, refer to the Constitution see what it gives it a particular power.

'''II. Purpose of Course'''

Whenever you take a course, or do anything, ask yourself why you are doing it. In the parable of the Prodigal Son (Luke 15:11-24), the son left his father, lost everything, and became very hungry. The turning point was when he finally questioned his own conduct. What was the logic to it? He realized his behavior made no sense, and then changed. Imagine how much better off everyone would be if they questioned their own conduct that way. There would be no drug addicts, for example.

In the acclaimed movie “A Beautiful Mind,” the professor began his class by asking the question: “Why are you here?” The better answer you can give, the better you will do. I’m very glad you are here, but you should be able to explain your own goals in being here.

Let me ask myself: why am I teaching this course? Because I know that many of you will become experts in government as a result. You will use your knowledge for the benefit of everyone. Maybe you will limit government, or maybe you will improve it, or both. Or maybe you will use government to accomplish something more important in the free market.

In this course you will learn how our system works, how things are done, and what can be done better. This is more of a problem-solving course than history is. We will cite history in passing, but our focus is on what the system is, rather than how it developed. Of course, you can learn a great deal of history while taking this course.

In history, a student must learn many facts, without having time to focus on a particular document or event. In contrast, here we will learn a few things in great depth.

In history, a student learns by reading a great deal of material. In contrast, here we will learn by writing and problem-solving.

Doing well on the homework is the key to this course. Each week, I will assign about a dozen questions. They will be interesting and thought-provoking. The first questions require only short answers, while the later questions require increasingly longer answers. I will grade the homework on a scale of 1 to 99, with an opportunity for extra credit. I will rank the top scorers. The book also has multiple-choice questions at the end of each chapter, and you should report your score on your homework, although that will not count towards ranking the top students.

Occasionally we will have tests, but they will be easy for those who do well on the homework.

'''III. Textbook'''

The textbook is “U.S. Government and Politics,” by Paul Soifer. We are skipping the first 30 pages. The book is based on the Advanced Placement exam, which is similar to the CLEP exam that you can take at the end of this course.

I like the book for several reasons. It has great reference material in the appendices (pp. 303-47): a helpful glossary, a well-formatted copy of the Constitution, and an easy-to-use list of important Supreme Court cases. Its layout of the Constitution is the best I’ve seen. Refer to the appendices in the textbook constantly during the course. Use them in class, and use them when doing the homework.

You could benefit from adding more terms to the glossary during this course. Here’s one:
suffrage (pronunciation \SUH-frij\). It is a noun, and it means “the right of voting, franchise.”

You could create a list of new terms on a separate piece of paper, and insert it with the book’s glossary for easy reference.

The textbook also has many multiple choice questions at the end of each chapter. This is good to increase motivation and generate immediate feedback on how well you learned the chapter. Each week, we will complete a chapter and then you will test yourself on the multiple choice quiz. You will turn in your score as part of your homework.

The readings are short, and you should not take the chapter quiz until you feel you understand the chapter. Reread it if necessary. Study it.

Think of this course as though you were learning how a car works, or how to bake a cake. You need to understand the components and ingredients that make up the overall product. The goal is to learn how things work, how to do things, and how to solve problems. The key is to find issues that particularly interest you, and then learn as much as you can in connection with those issues. THIS IS IMPORTANT: find issues you like in this course and use them to increase your motivation.

'''IV. “Federal”'''

The Constitution set up our federal government. What does “federal” mean? In this context, it means national: the United States government headquartered in Washington, D.C. President Bush. Congressmen. Senators. U.S. Supreme Court. The people you often see on television or in the newspaper. These terms have the same meaning: “national government,” “federal government,” and “United States government.” They are completely different from “state government,” and “city government” or “local government.”

The first political party in the country was the “Federalist Party”. It stood for a stronger federal government. Alexander Hamilton founded it to help pass his program of a national bank and assumption by the federal government of all the war debts. He used it to impose a federal liquor tax, which resulted in the Whiskey Rebellion in 1794. Look up the term “Federalist Party” on page 307 in the textbook.

Do you know the difference between federal and state government? Look in your phone book. You’ll see they are usually listed in separate categories. Let’s take some examples. Who handles drivers licenses? (state) Social Security? (federal) Sales tax on computers? (state) Sales tax on gas? (both federal and state are included in the price at the pump) Public schools? (local) Post office? (federal) Libraries? (local) Army? (federal) Security guards at airports? (mostly federal now, due to 9/11) Traffic court? (local) Police? (local) Imagine you want to start a business and trademark the name of your business. Who controls trademarks? (mostly federal, see http://www.uspto.gov/, states can also protect business names)

How about this one: what is Federal Express? They deliver overnight packages, guaranteed. Is it part of the federal government? Nope. It is completely private. They use the name “federal” to make them look official. They have nothing to do with the government.

When you see government officials, think of whether they are federal or not. Why does it matter?

It makes a big difference. First of all, you have to know who to call. If the garbage man isn’t picking up your garbage, it doesn’t help to call the White House. The governor isn’t going to help you either. Neither is the Supreme Court. You should try calling your municipal building, where your mayor works. But if your grandfather’s Social Security check didn’t arrive, your mayor isn’t going to be able to help. You need to contact the appropriate federal agency. Maybe your Congressman can help if you cannot obtain answers from the federal government.

Second, if you ever reach the right person on the phone, you need to know what you say. What are your rights? What are the government’s obligations? Federal officials must comply with federal law, while state and local officials must also comply with specific obligations imposed by state law. The laws are completely different from each other. Federal law is in the United States Code. The cites to it look like “17 U.S.C. § 107” (this section allows fair use of copyrighted material). State law is in an entirely separate code book. The cites to it include an abbreviation of the state, as in “N.J.S.A. § 18A:35-4.7” (this section allows New Jersey parents to pull their children out of certain courses in public school).

Third, if you’re thinking about working for government, you need to know who to apply to. Don’t apply to state government for a job at the IRS. It’s federal. Don’t apply to President Bush for a job as a public school teacher.

There are other differences between federal and state government. Federal jobs often pay better and are more secure. They are backed by IRS tax collections of the United States. They often work in bigger and nicer buildings. One summer I worked in a federal building in D.C., and it was so big that one employee used the hallways as a track for jogging!

Federal officials generally have more power than state officials. The Supremacy Clause of the Constitution, which is in Article VI (see p. 328), says that federal law is supreme. You are not likely to hear about a state police officer arresting an FBI agent, because he is a federal officer.

About 15 years ago in Wayne, New Jersey, the FBI arrested the mayor. They didn’t even bother telling the local police, who thought he had been kidnaped. Not only do the federal and state government fail to communicate with each other, they often fight each other for control.

But sometimes local officials have more power than federal officials. The superintendent for a public school district often makes more money than the Congressman or Senator, and has more influence too. And if you ever receive a traffic ticket, I guarantee you will care more about the municipal judge than the president.

How about the media? Which government does the media pay more attention to? The federal government, by far. Why? Because it is more profitable for the media, and easier. It much simpler and cheaper simply to wake up each day and report on what the president is doing, whether it is newsworthy or not. That is one quick story to tell to the entire country. To report on each state would require 50 different stories, at 50 times the expense. The media would go broke trying to do that. You’ll almost never see your mayor, local school, Congressman or even governor on CNN or Fox News. It doesn’t mean they are less important than the president.

The federal government has three branches: executive (the president), legislative (Congress) and the judiciary (the Supreme Court). Each branch employs thousands of people. The executive branch even employs millions, including the armed services.

'''V. U.S. Constitution.'''

Over 225 years ago, in 1781, there was no federal government. Then the colonies agreed on the Articles of Confederation, but that created a federal government with very few powers. The colonies retained all the power. Why did they ultimately give up power to the federal government we have today?

Had they known what was happening, maybe they never would have. 55 colonial leaders met in Philadelphia during the hot summer of 1787 to fix the Articles of Confederation, and decided instead to propose an entirely new Constitution with a powerful new federal government. Their meetings were held in secret, so no one knew what they were doing.

They began each session with a prayer. Their final product, the Constitution, was a marvelous legal document. Together these 55 individuals created something much greater than any could have produced individually. It established a national, republican government with limited powers.

What is a republican government? It means the people elect representatives to elect lawmakers and create laws. It has a layer of protection against a pure democracy in which the public directly decides issues.

Contrary to what you may hear today, our Founders did not like pure democracies. They worried about tyranny by the uninformed masses. They wanted a select group of people making our laws.

An example is our electoral college. Al Gore won more votes than George Bush, but Bush won more votes in the electoral college. Our president is not chosen directly by the people. It is chosen by the Electoral College. Another example is the original procedure for choosing U.S. Senators. State legislators selected them, not the general public. (This was changed by the 17th Amendment in 1913 - see textbook p. 334)

The Constitution limits the power of the national government in several ways:

1. By listing specific powers (e.g., running a post office).
 2. By creating three branches as “checks and balances” on each other.
 3. By making it difficult for one branch to act alone, without agreement by another branch.
 4. By later adding a Bill of Rights to protect the people further.

The original Constitution also includes a few restrictions on the states, and even established a few individual rights.

The general rule is that the federal government only has the powers given it by the Constitution. States have any power that is not denied them by the Constitution. THIS IS ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT POINTS IN THIS COURSE. James Madison said it this way: “The powers delegated by the proposed Constitution to the federal government are few and defined. Those which are to remain in the State governments are numerous and indefinite.” Federalist No. 45.

What specific powers are given to the federal government?

Article I - Congress. This sets forth its powers and limits.
 Section 1 - Two parts of Congress (bicameral)
 Section 2 - House Term and Method of Election
 Section 3 - Senate Term, Method of Election, and Vote
 Section 4 - Elections
 Section 5 - Rules
 Section 6 - Compensation and Immunities
 Section 7 - Enacting Legislation, and Veto
 Section 8 - Powers of Congress
 some exclusive (e.g., Post Office), some not (e.g., bankruptcy laws)
 Section 9 - Limits on Congress
 Section 10 - Limits on States

 Article II - President. This sets forth his powers and limits.

 Article III - Courts. Establishes courts and the ability of Congress to define its power.

 Article IV - States. They must respect other states’ laws, and requests to transfer criminals.

 Article V - Amendment process.

 Article VI – Supremacy Clause: federal law is supreme to state law.

 Article VII – ratification process for Constitution itself.

 [[Bill of Rights]] – additional protection against government power.

The most important part of the Constitution to understand is Article I. The Founders viewed Congress as more important than the president or Supreme Court.

'''VI. Checks and Balances/[[Separation of Powers]]'''

The phrase “checks and balances” is one of the most popular terms used in connection with the Constitution. You’ll hear it on television and see it in the newspaper. It refers to the separation of powers between the three branches of the federal government, and how one branch will act to limit the power of a competing branch.

For example, Congress insisted that President Bush not invade Iraq unless Congress first authorized it. This “checked” the power of the presidency. It added “balance” to our government by ensuring that the president could not act alone, but needed agreement by Congress.

Another example is how the Supreme Court invalidates acts of Congress as unconstitutional. The Court thereby “checks” the power of Congress. Congress is “balanced” by the counterweight of the Court. Query: who “checks and balances” the Supreme Court? Ponder that question.

The “[[separation of powers]]” between the three branches (executive, legislative, and judicial) represents the same idea. It keeps the three branches apart from each other so that one does not gradually gain control over the other. Without the separation, one branch could influence and dominate another branch.

Occasionally, something blurs the distinction between the three branches. In response to extravagant spending by the federal government, Congress passed a law giving the president power to veto expenses on a line-by-line basis. This is known as the line-item veto. Many states already give their governor this power. It enables the chief executive (president or governor) to approve legislation but to pluck out and remove certain expenses in it. For example, new legislation may authorize money for the war on Iraq but also include building a new dam in Oregon. The power of the line-item veto would enable the president to approve the funding of the war but strike out the funding of the new dam. He would thereby modify the legislation before signing it. Query: does the line-item veto violate the separation of powers between the president and Congress? (The Supreme Court said yes, and invalidated the line-item veto).

'''VII. Issues to Consider (Optional - extra credit)'''

Each class, we will conclude with a set of issues to consider. The goal is to spark your interest. Here are the first ones:

1. Should Congress limit judicial review, as in the Ten Commandments case?

Article III subjects the jurisdiction of the federal courts to the power of Congress. This is rarely used. But now that federal courts have ordered removal of the Ten Commandments from the Alabama Supreme Court and also invalidated the Pledge of Allegiance, perhaps the time has come for Congress to remove authority from the federal courts. What, if anything, would you remove from the power of the federal courts?

2. The Commerce Clause grants the federal government control over interstate commerce – i.e., trade between citizens living in different states. Courts have interpreted this to prevent states from taxing interstate purchases. When you order something from a company in a different state, there is no sales tax. For example, if you are in New Jersey and order a book from amazon.com, you do not pay any sales tax. If you buy that same book at a local bookstore, you must pay sales tax. Is this fair? Should states have the power to impose sales tax on purchases by out-of-state residents? (J.D. Manufact. Co. v. Storen, 304 U.S. 307 (1938))

3. Eliminate certain government operations entirely?

There was a time when we did not have a federal government. For over ten years after the Declaration of Independence, we even lacked a president. Many did not see any problem with that. Think about what we need government for, and what we could do better without government involvement. Take the Post Office, for example, which was one of the first functions of federal government. We can mail a letter to anywhere in the United States and, for a mere 37 cents, it will be delivered within a few days. Federal Express charges 30 times as much, though it will deliver it faster. Yet the Postal Service delivers more mail in one day than Federal Express delivers in an entire year. The government asserts a monopoly over ordinary mail delivery (expensive urgent delivery, like that provided by Federal Express, received an exemption from the Postal Service, 39 C.F.R. § 320.6). If you set up a mail delivery service in your town, then the government would force you to stop. Do you agree with that policy? Would we be better off with a less powerful federal government? Would it be wise to eliminate the federal government?

[[Category:Lectures]]

Conservapedia talk:American Government Fall 2007

2007-08-19T21:12:08Z

Mcpannier: reteach suggestion

==Reteach Suggestion==
As AP tests are administered in May, it would make sense to teach this course again in March or April. Past students could serve as teachers, giving themselves a helpful refresher before the AP test. --[[User:Mcpannier|Mcpannier]] 17:12, 19 August 2007 (EDT)

Conservapedia:American Government Fall 2007

2007-08-05T16:26:45Z

Mcpannier: /* Enroll here: */ enroll mcpannier

"American Government 101" is a 14-week course that teaches the basics of government, both [[federal]] and state. It reviews the [[U.S. Constitution]], including concepts like the [[separation of powers]] among the branches of government.

Students seeking to earn college credit can take the [[CLEP]] or [[AP]] exams upon successful completion of this course.

This course begins in September and already 24 students have enrolled. Please add your user id. (use the signature button above) if you would like to participate in this course in any way, either as a student or as a teacher on this site, and your name will be transferred to a roster. As an enrolled participant, you will have special access to a protected area established for this course.

Teenagers are welcome as students, and advanced college students and adults are welcome as teachers. The primary instructor is [[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]], who has taught over 10 courses, including one as an adjunct professor at a major law school.

== Enroll here: ==
I would like to enroll in the American Government 101 class. I am a sophomore in high school.--[[User:Mcpannier|Mcpannier]] 12:26, 5 August 2007 (EDT)

[[category:government]]

User:Mcpannier

2007-06-06T13:03:42Z

Mcpannier: added userbox

{{userboxtop|My Bumper Stickers:}}
{{User American}}
{{User Political Compass|Economic Right: 4.13|Social Libertarian/Authoritarian: 6.15}}
{{User en}}
{{User Bushfan}}
{{User Mark Levin}}
{{User Christian1}}
{{User tolerancecompromisetruth}}
{{User NRA}}
{{User patriot}}
{{User American}}
{{User CPLeader|[[user:Aschlafly|Aschlafly]]}}
{{User comp-5}}
{{User NoEvo}}
{{User gay is not ok}}
{{User therealdonut}}
{{User donut_missed}}
{{User Godbigbang}}
{{User Galactic Empire}}
{{User pubschool}}
{{User Life begins|fertilization}}
{{User cows tasty}}
{{userboxbottom}}
==Why I Chose Conservapedia over Wikipedia==
I am dedicated to help balance the bias in our nation's education and information systems, spread the fruits of my public school education, and spread the message of Christ in a subtle, yet approachable way.--[[User:Mcpannier|Mcpannier]] 22:29, 1 April 2007 (EDT)

==Areas of Expertise==
*World History - Taken AP class and exam
*Macroeconomics - Taken AP class and exam

==My Political Views==
I will make an effort to edit articles in a factual, unbiased way. However, everyone is entitled to their own political views. These are mine:
===Environmental===
Sorry Al Gore, the sky is not falling (and it's not getting hotter either).
Environmentally friendly changes are good, but not my primary concern.
Why haven't we started drilling for oil in the Gulf? I'm tired of $3.00 a gallon.
===Economic===
Protectionism is sometimes necessary if we want to keep American jobs.
Lower taxes, lower government spending.
===Morale Values===
A man and a woman make a marriage.
Premarital sex is adultry.
Abortion is murder.
===Immigration===
If you are here legally (not overstaying visa), great! America is based on law abiding legal immigrants.
If you won't obey our laws to enter our country, why should we bend our laws for you?
I am still waiting for my fence.
===Iraq===
We can't leave the country until it can support itself.

Pyrethrins

2007-05-29T22:46:16Z

Mcpannier: category agriculture and biology

Pyrethrins are a type of [[Insecticide]] derived from the [[Chrysanthemum]] plant. They kill insects by attacking their nervous system. According to insecticide labels, Pyrethrins are safe for use on plants in the food supply even up to the day of harvest. They are also used to treat lice on humans and fleas on cats and dogs. Pyrethrins are very harmful to fish. Their effect on mammals is unnoticeable in low doses, but they can cause respiratory problems or central nervous system disorders in extremely high doses<ref>http://extoxnet.orst.edu/pips/pyrethri.htm</ref>.

==References==
<references/>
[[Category:Agriculture]]
[[Category:Biology]]

Insecticide

2007-05-29T22:39:27Z

Mcpannier: categroy Agriculture

An '''insecticide''' is a [[chemical]] used in insect control, agriculture, and medicine. Relatively few deaths have occurred among workers handling poisonous agricultural products or insecticides.{{fact}} Those that have occurred can be traced to disregard of safety directions found on product labels.{{fact}} There are many types of insecticides on the market today.

==Safety==
Early symptoms and signs of organic phosphate poisoning include headache, dizziness, blurred vision, weakness, chest discomfort and nervousness, a little later - nausea, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, sweating, tears, salivation, slow pulse, muscular tremors and possibly convulsions. This group of insecticides enters the body through ingestion (swallowing), inhalation (breathing), and absorption (through the skin). Symptoms and signs of carbamate poisoning include constriction of pupils, salivation, profuse sweating, fatigue, muscular incoordination, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and chest tightness. This group of insecticides can enter the body through ingestion (swallowing), inhalation (breathing), and absorption (through the skin). One of the most common signs of synthetic pyrethroid poisoning is a stuffy, runny nose and scratchy throat from inhalation of partly purified pyrethrum extract. Asthmatic wheezing may occur in susceptible individuals. Sudden bronchospasm, swelling of oral and laryngeal mucous membranes, and shock (anaphylaxis) have been reported after pyrethrum inhalation. Delayed appearance of breathing difficulty, cough and fever, with patchy lung infiltrates on x-ray suggest hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Nervous irritability, tremors, and inability to coordinate muscular movements have occurred rarely in persons who have had massive inhalation exposure to pyrethrins.

==Insecticides in Agriculture==
Insecticides have been used since the inception of the [[Green Revolution]] in agriculture. Years of research and testing have resulted in a number of safe agricultural practices. Farmers should remember to destroy their crop remains following last harvest as well as to control weed hosts in unused fields, along field edges, and in the production fields. It is a good practice to rotate vegetable crops with cover crops or other crops that are not susceptible to the same pests. Fallowing and clean cultivation reduces many pests in fields not being used. Flooding with water where mosquitoes are not an issue may be done for 6 to 8 weeks once a year and can reduce many pests. These measures might be considered where sod or crop growth is not needed to reduce plant bed erosion and sand blasting.

==[[DDT]]==
DDT is a proven anti-mosquito agent, able to eradicate [[malaria]]. It was heavily used in America and elsewhere throughout the world. It's overuse was criticised by [[Rachel Carson]] in her book ''[[Silent Spring]]'' which led to environmentalists calling for an outright ban. As a result, millions of people (some estimate over 300 million) have died as a result of US environmental prohibitions on DDT.<ref>http://www.cid.harvard.edu/cidinthenews/articles/nr_051401.html</ref> Former head of the World Bank, prominent [[neo-conservative]] [[Paul Wolfowitz]], has embraced the life-saving use of DDT. <ref>http://www.fightingmalaria.org</ref>

== References ==

<references/>
[[category:Agriculture]]

User:Mcpannier

2007-05-29T22:30:47Z

Mcpannier: areas of expertise

{{userboxtop|My Bumper Stickers:}}
{{User American}}
{{User Political Compass|Economic Right: 4.13|Social Libertarian/Authoritarian: 6.15}}
{{User en}}
{{User Bushfan}}
{{User Mark Levin}}
{{User Christian1}}
{{User tolerancecompromisetruth}}
{{User NRA}}
{{User patriot}}
{{User American}}
{{User CPLeader|[[user:Aschlafly|Aschlafly]]}}
{{User comp-5}}
{{User NoEvo}}
{{User therealdonut}}
{{User donut_missed}}
{{User Godbigbang}}
{{User Galactic Empire}}
{{User pubschool}}
{{User Life begins|fertilization}}
{{User cows tasty}}
{{userboxbottom}}
==Why I Chose Conservapedia over Wikipedia==
I am dedicated to help balance the bias in our nation's education and information systems, spread the fruits of my public school education, and spread the message of Christ in a subtle, yet approachable way.--[[User:Mcpannier|Mcpannier]] 22:29, 1 April 2007 (EDT)

==Areas of Expertise==
*World History - Taken AP class and exam
*Macroeconomics - Taken AP class and exam

==My Political Views==
I will make an effort to edit articles in a factual, unbiased way. However, everyone is entitled to their own political views. These are mine:
===Environmental===
Sorry Al Gore, the sky is not falling (and it's not getting hotter either).
Environmentally friendly changes are good, but not my primary concern.
Why haven't we started drilling for oil in the Gulf? I'm tired of $3.00 a gallon.
===Economic===
Protectionism is sometimes necessary if we want to keep American jobs.
Lower taxes, lower government spending.
===Morale Values===
A man and a woman make a marriage.
Premarital sex is adultry.
Abortion is murder.
===Immigration===
If you are here legally (not overstaying visa), great! America is based on law abiding legal immigrants.
If you won't obey our laws to enter our country, why should we bend our laws for you?
I am still waiting for my fence.
===Iraq===
We can't leave the country until it can support itself.

Florida Marlins

2007-05-29T22:27:12Z

Mcpannier: talk of moving

The '''Florida Marlins''' are a [[Major League Baseball]] team located in [[Miami]], [[Florida]]. There has been considerable talk of the team moving or building a new stadium in the coming years.

== Team ==
=== Offensive ===
'''Catcher'''
*[[Miguel Olivo ]]

'''1st Base'''
*[[Aaron Boone]]

'''2d Base'''
*[[Dan Uggla]]

'''Shortstop'''
*[[Hanley Ramirez]]

'''3d Base'''
*[[Miguel Cabrera]]

'''Left Field'''
*[[Josh Willingham]]

'''Center Field'''
*[[Alfredo Amezaga]]

'''Right Field'''
*[[Jeremy Hermida]]

'''Backup Outfielder'''
*[[Reggie Abercrombie]]

=== Pitching Staff ===

'''Starting Pitchers'''
*[[Dontrelle Willis ]]
*[[Scott Olsen]]
*[[Sergio Mitre]]
*[[Byung-Hyun Kim]]
*[[Wes Obermueller]]

'''Relievers'''
*[[Taylor Tankersley]]
*[[Renyel Pinto]]
*[[Randy Messenger]]
*[[Matt Lindstrom]]
*[[Lee Gardner]]
*[[Justin Miller]]

'''Closer'''
*[[Kevin Gregg]]

== Related Links ==

*[http://florida.marlins.mlb.com/index.jsp?c_id=fla Official Team Website]

*[http://florida.marlins.mlb.com/team/depth_chart/index.jsp?c_id=fla Team Depth Chart]

Pyrethrins

2007-05-29T22:25:59Z

Mcpannier: create

Insecticide

2007-05-29T22:18:33Z

Mcpannier: /* DDT */ fix silent spring link

An '''insecticide''' is a [[chemical]] used in insect control, agriculture, and medicine. Relatively few deaths have occurred among workers handling poisonous agricultural products or insecticides.{{fact}} Those that have occurred can be traced to disregard of safety directions found on product labels.{{fact}} There are many types of insecticides on the market today.

==Safety==
Early symptoms and signs of organic phosphate poisoning include headache, dizziness, blurred vision, weakness, chest discomfort and nervousness, a little later - nausea, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, sweating, tears, salivation, slow pulse, muscular tremors and possibly convulsions. This group of insecticides enters the body through ingestion (swallowing), inhalation (breathing), and absorption (through the skin). Symptoms and signs of carbamate poisoning include constriction of pupils, salivation, profuse sweating, fatigue, muscular incoordination, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and chest tightness. This group of insecticides can enter the body through ingestion (swallowing), inhalation (breathing), and absorption (through the skin). One of the most common signs of synthetic pyrethroid poisoning is a stuffy, runny nose and scratchy throat from inhalation of partly purified pyrethrum extract. Asthmatic wheezing may occur in susceptible individuals. Sudden bronchospasm, swelling of oral and laryngeal mucous membranes, and shock (anaphylaxis) have been reported after pyrethrum inhalation. Delayed appearance of breathing difficulty, cough and fever, with patchy lung infiltrates on x-ray suggest hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Nervous irritability, tremors, and inability to coordinate muscular movements have occurred rarely in persons who have had massive inhalation exposure to pyrethrins.

==Insecticides in Agriculture==
Insecticides have been used since the inception of the [[Green Revolution]] in agriculture. Years of research and testing have resulted in a number of safe agricultural practices. Farmers should remember to destroy their crop remains following last harvest as well as to control weed hosts in unused fields, along field edges, and in the production fields. It is a good practice to rotate vegetable crops with cover crops or other crops that are not susceptible to the same pests. Fallowing and clean cultivation reduces many pests in fields not being used. Flooding with water where mosquitoes are not an issue may be done for 6 to 8 weeks once a year and can reduce many pests. These measures might be considered where sod or crop growth is not needed to reduce plant bed erosion and sand blasting.

==[[DDT]]==
DDT is a proven anti-mosquito agent, able to eradicate [[malaria]]. It was heavily used in America and elsewhere throughout the world. It was attacked (some say unfairly) by [[Rachel Carson]] in her book ''[[Silent Spring]]''. Millions of people (some estimate over 300 million) have died as a result of US environmental prohibitions on DDT.<ref>http://www.cid.harvard.edu/cidinthenews/articles/nr_051401.html</ref> Former head of the World Bank, prominent [[neo-conservative]] [[Paul Wolfowitz]], has embraced the life-saving use of DDT. <ref>http://www.fightingmalaria.org</ref>

== References ==

<references/>

Insecticide

2007-05-29T22:17:35Z

Mcpannier: /* DDT */ remove bias

An '''insecticide''' is a [[chemical]] used in insect control, agriculture, and medicine. Relatively few deaths have occurred among workers handling poisonous agricultural products or insecticides.{{fact}} Those that have occurred can be traced to disregard of safety directions found on product labels.{{fact}} There are many types of insecticides on the market today.

==Safety==
Early symptoms and signs of organic phosphate poisoning include headache, dizziness, blurred vision, weakness, chest discomfort and nervousness, a little later - nausea, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, sweating, tears, salivation, slow pulse, muscular tremors and possibly convulsions. This group of insecticides enters the body through ingestion (swallowing), inhalation (breathing), and absorption (through the skin). Symptoms and signs of carbamate poisoning include constriction of pupils, salivation, profuse sweating, fatigue, muscular incoordination, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and chest tightness. This group of insecticides can enter the body through ingestion (swallowing), inhalation (breathing), and absorption (through the skin). One of the most common signs of synthetic pyrethroid poisoning is a stuffy, runny nose and scratchy throat from inhalation of partly purified pyrethrum extract. Asthmatic wheezing may occur in susceptible individuals. Sudden bronchospasm, swelling of oral and laryngeal mucous membranes, and shock (anaphylaxis) have been reported after pyrethrum inhalation. Delayed appearance of breathing difficulty, cough and fever, with patchy lung infiltrates on x-ray suggest hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Nervous irritability, tremors, and inability to coordinate muscular movements have occurred rarely in persons who have had massive inhalation exposure to pyrethrins.

==Insecticides in Agriculture==
Insecticides have been used since the inception of the [[Green Revolution]] in agriculture. Years of research and testing have resulted in a number of safe agricultural practices. Farmers should remember to destroy their crop remains following last harvest as well as to control weed hosts in unused fields, along field edges, and in the production fields. It is a good practice to rotate vegetable crops with cover crops or other crops that are not susceptible to the same pests. Fallowing and clean cultivation reduces many pests in fields not being used. Flooding with water where mosquitoes are not an issue may be done for 6 to 8 weeks once a year and can reduce many pests. These measures might be considered where sod or crop growth is not needed to reduce plant bed erosion and sand blasting.

==[[DDT]]==
DDT is a proven anti-mosquito agent, able to eradicate [[malaria]]. It was heavily used in America and elsewhere throughout the world. It was attacked (some say unfairly) by [[Rachel Carson]] in her book [[''Silent Spring'']]. Millions of people (some estimate over 300 million) have died as a result of US environmental prohibitions on DDT.<ref>http://www.cid.harvard.edu/cidinthenews/articles/nr_051401.html</ref> Former head of the World Bank, prominent [[neo-conservative]] [[Paul Wolfowitz]], has embraced the life-saving use of DDT. <ref>http://www.fightingmalaria.org</ref>

== References ==

<references/>

Leather

2007-05-28T23:56:50Z

Mcpannier: added alligator and turtle-skin to list

'''Leather''' is the processed [[hide]] of an [[animal]]. The proceesing of leather requires tanning to preserve it. Shoes, bill-folds, [[coat]]s, [[boots]] upholstery and car-seats are often made of leather. Most leather is derived from cattle, but ostrich, crocodile, alligator, turtle-skin or pig-skin may also be used.

Fluid

2007-05-24T22:00:03Z

Mcpannier: stub

A fluid is any liquid or gas.
[[Category:Physics]]
{{stub}}

Membrane

2007-05-24T21:59:43Z

Mcpannier: stub

A membrane is any layer that separates two [[Fluid|fluids]]. Membranes may be [[Semipermeable Membrane|selectively permeable]], meaning they allow some molecules across the membrane, but block others. Dialysis tubing is an example of this. Most membranes in biology are [[lipid bilayer|lipid bilayers]]. This means they consist of two layers of interposed [[Lipid|lipids]].

[[Category:Biology]]
{{stub}}

Fluid

2007-05-24T21:58:53Z

Mcpannier: category=physics

A fluid is any liquid or gas.
[[Category:Physics]]

Membrane

2007-05-24T21:58:06Z

Mcpannier: create

Fluid

2007-05-24T21:53:10Z

Mcpannier: create

A fluid is any liquid or gas.

User:Mcpannier

2007-05-24T21:52:08Z

Mcpannier: userbox: support aschlafly, reworded views

{{userboxtop|My Bumper Stickers:}}
{{User American}}
{{User Political Compass|Economic Right: 4.13|Social Libertarian/Authoritarian: 6.15}}
{{User en}}
{{User Bushfan}}
{{User Mark Levin}}
{{User Christian1}}
{{User tolerancecompromisetruth}}
{{User NRA}}
{{User patriot}}
{{User American}}
{{User CPLeader|[[user:Aschlafly|Aschlafly]]}}
{{User comp-5}}
{{User NoEvo}}
{{User therealdonut}}
{{User donut_missed}}
{{User Godbigbang}}
{{User Galactic Empire}}
{{User pubschool}}
{{User Life begins|fertilization}}
{{User cows tasty}}
{{userboxbottom}}
==Why I Chose Conservapedia over Wikipedia==
I am dedicated to help balance the bias in our nation's education and information systems, spread the fruits of my public school education, and spread the message of Christ in a subtle, yet approachable way.--[[User:Mcpannier|Mcpannier]] 22:29, 1 April 2007 (EDT)

==My Political Views==
I will make an effort to edit articles in a factual, unbiased way. However, everyone is entitled to their own political views. These are mine:
===Environmental===
Sorry Al Gore, the sky is not falling (and it's not getting hotter either).
Environmentally friendly changes are good, but not my primary concern.
Why haven't we started drilling for oil in the Gulf? I'm tired of $3.00 a gallon.
===Economic===
Protectionism is sometimes necessary if we want to keep American jobs.
Lower taxes, lower government spending.
===Morale Values===
A man and a woman make a marriage.
Premarital sex is adultry.
Abortion is murder.
===Immigration===
If you are here legally (not overstaying visa), great! America is based on law abiding legal immigrants.
If you won't obey our laws to enter our country, why should we bend our laws for you?
I am still waiting for my fence.
===Iraq===
We can't leave the country until it can support itself.

User:Mcpannier

2007-05-24T21:07:31Z

Mcpannier: /* My Political Views */ reworded sentence

{{userboxtop|My Bumper Stickers:}}
{{User American}}
{{User Political Compass|Economic Right: 4.13|Social Libertarian/Authoritarian: 6.15}}
{{User en}}
{{User Bushfan}}
{{User Mark Levin}}
{{User Christian1}}
{{User tolerancecompromisetruth}}
{{User NRA}}
{{User patriot}}
{{User American}}
{{User CPLeader|God}}
{{User comp-5}}
{{User NoEvo}}
{{User therealdonut}}
{{User donut_missed}}
{{User Godbigbang}}
{{User Galactic Empire}}
{{User pubschool}}
{{User Life begins|fertilization}}
{{User cows tasty}}
{{userboxbottom}}
==Why I Chose Conservapedia over Wikipedia==
I am dedicated to help balance the bias in our nation's education and information systems, spread the fruits of my public school education, and spread the message of Christ in a subtle, yet approachable way.--[[User:Mcpannier|Mcpannier]] 22:29, 1 April 2007 (EDT)

==My Political Views==
Everyone is entitled to their own political views. These are mine:
===Environmental===
Sorry Al Gore, the sky is not falling (and it's not getting hotter either).
Environmentally friendly changes are good, but not my primary concern.
Why haven't we started drilling for oil in the Gulf? I'm tired of $3.00 a gallon.
===Economic===
Protectionism is necessary if we want to keep American jobs.
Lower taxes, lower government spending.
===Morale Values===
Man and woman make marriage.
No premarital sex.
No abortions.
===Immigration===
If you are here legally (not overstaying visa), great! America is based on law abiding legal immigrants.
If you won't obey our laws to enter our country, why should we bend our laws for you?
I am still waiting for my fence.
===Iraq===
We can't leave the country until it can support itself.

User:Mcpannier

2007-05-24T21:06:31Z

Mcpannier: moved userbox

{{userboxtop|My Bumper Stickers:}}
{{User American}}
{{User Political Compass|Economic Right: 4.13|Social Libertarian/Authoritarian: 6.15}}
{{User en}}
{{User Bushfan}}
{{User Mark Levin}}
{{User Christian1}}
{{User tolerancecompromisetruth}}
{{User NRA}}
{{User patriot}}
{{User American}}
{{User CPLeader|God}}
{{User comp-5}}
{{User NoEvo}}
{{User therealdonut}}
{{User donut_missed}}
{{User Godbigbang}}
{{User Galactic Empire}}
{{User pubschool}}
{{User Life begins|fertilization}}
{{User cows tasty}}
{{userboxbottom}}
==Why I Chose Conservapedia over Wikipedia==
I am dedicated to help balance the bias in our nation's education and information systems, spread the fruits of my public school education, and spread the message of Christ in a subtle, yet approachable way.--[[User:Mcpannier|Mcpannier]] 22:29, 1 April 2007 (EDT)

==My Political Views==
If you don't like them, that's too bad.
===Environmental===
Sorry Al Gore, the sky is not falling (and it's not getting hotter either).
Environmentally friendly changes are good, but not my primary concern.
Why haven't we started drilling for oil in the Gulf? I'm tired of $3.00 a gallon.
===Economic===
Protectionism is necessary if we want to keep American jobs.
Lower taxes, lower government spending.
===Morale Values===
Man and woman make marriage.
No premarital sex.
No abortions.
===Immigration===
If you are here legally (not overstaying visa), great! America is based on law abiding legal immigrants.
If you won't obey our laws to enter our country, why should we bend our laws for you?
I am still waiting for my fence.
===Iraq===
We can't leave the country until it can support itself.

Talk:PRI

2007-05-24T21:03:44Z

Mcpannier: Disambiguation, create

==Propose Disambiguation ==
Shouldn't we make this a disambiguation with links to articles for each term? --[[User:Mcpannier|Mcpannier]] 17:03, 24 May 2007 (EDT)

User:Mcpannier

2007-05-23T00:19:23Z

Mcpannier: userboxes

==Why I Chose Conservapedia over Wikipedia==
I am dedicated to help balance the bias in our nation's education and information systems, spread the fruits of my public school education, and spread the message of Christ in a subtle, yet approachable way.--[[User:Mcpannier|Mcpannier]] 22:29, 1 April 2007 (EDT)
{{userboxtop|My Bumper Stickers:}}
{{User American}}
{{User Political Compass|Economic Right: 4.13|Social Libertarian/Authoritarian: 6.15}}
{{User en}}
{{User Bushfan}}
{{User Mark Levin}}
{{User Christian1}}
{{User tolerancecompromisetruth}}
{{User NRA}}
{{User patriot}}
{{User American}}
{{User CPLeader|God}}
{{User comp-5}}
{{User NoEvo}}
{{User therealdonut}}
{{User donut_missed}}
{{User Godbigbang}}
{{User Galactic Empire}}
{{User pubschool}}
{{User Life begins|fertilization}}
{{User cows tasty}}
{{userboxbottom}}

==My Political Views==
If you don't like them, that's too bad.
===Environmental===
Sorry Al Gore, the sky is not falling (and it's not getting hotter either).
Environmentally friendly changes are good, but not my primary concern.
Why haven't we started drilling for oil in the Gulf? I'm tired of $3.00 a gallon.
===Economic===
Protectionism is necessary if we want to keep American jobs.
Lower taxes, lower government spending.
===Morale Values===
Man and woman make marriage.
No premarital sex.
No abortions.
===Immigration===
If you are here legally (not overstaying visa), great! America is based on law abiding legal immigrants.
If you won't obey our laws to enter our country, why should we bend our laws for you?
I am still waiting for my fence.
===Iraq===
We can't leave the country until it can support itself.

User:Mcpannier

2007-05-22T23:18:33Z

Mcpannier: added space

==Why I Chose Conservapedia over Wikipedia==
I am dedicated to help balance the bias in our nation's education and information systems, spread the fruits of my public school education, and spread the message of Christ in a subtle, yet approachable way.--[[User:Mcpannier|Mcpannier]] 22:29, 1 April 2007 (EDT)
{{userboxtop|My Bumper Stickers:}}
{{User American}}
{{User Political Compass|Economic Right: 4.13|Social Libertarian/Authoritarian: 6.15}}
{{User en}}
{{User Mark Levin}}
{{User Christian1}}
{{User tolerancecompromisetruth}}
{{User NRA}}
{{User patriot}}
{{User American}}
{{User CPLeader|[[user:Aschlafly|Aschlafly]]}}
{{userboxbottom}}

==My Political Views==
If you don't like them, that's too bad.
===Environmental===
Sorry Al Gore, the sky is not falling (and it's not getting hotter either).
Environmentally friendly changes are good, but not my primary concern.
Why haven't we started drilling for oil in the Gulf? I'm tired of $3.00 a gallon.
===Economic===
Protectionism is necessary if we want to keep American jobs.
Lower taxes, lower government spending.
===Morale Values===
Man and woman make marriage.
No premarital sex.
No abortions.
===Immigration===
If you are here legally (not overstaying visa), great! America is based on law abiding legal immigrants.
If you won't obey our laws to enter our country, why should we bend our laws for you?
I am still waiting for my fence.
===Iraq===
We can't leave the country until it can support itself.

Conservapedia talk:Userboxes

2007-05-22T23:10:29Z

Mcpannier: removed a space

Everyone who makes a userbox, please add it to the Index, if you can! And please add any I missed, too...-'''AmesG'''[http://www.conservapedia.com/User_talk:AmesG yo!] 01:30, 12 April 2007 (EDT)

Great job Colin. The rest is in your capable hands. Sleep well!-'''AmesG'''[http://www.conservapedia.com/User_talk:AmesG yo!] 01:46, 12 April 2007 (EDT)

Thanks for fixing the formatting, Philip! I couldn't figure out how to do that. Again, thanks! [[User:ColinR|ColinR]][[User_talk:ColinR|talk]] 02:59, 12 April 2007 (EDT)

:A word to the wise - if you want all your userboxes to line up nice & pretty, make sure that the pictures are 45px wide, and that the text is centered (using <nowiki><center></nowiki> tags).-'''AmesG'''[http://www.conservapedia.com/User_talk:AmesG yo!] 11:28, 12 April 2007 (EDT)

How about [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Babel#How_to_get_Babel_boxes_to_work_on_other_Wikipedias copying over the Babel Templates] from Wikipedia so we can have language userboxes as well? I wouldn't mind doing the work if necessary. [[User:AKjeldsen|AKjeldsen]] 08:39, 13 April 2007 (EDT)

i dont know how to make these. maybe some one can help? --[[User:Will N.|Will N.]] 11:53, 13 April 2007 (EDT)
:I have imported some of the necessary code for language userboxes - see [[Conservapedia:Babel]] and [[Template:Babel]]. All that is necessary now is to copy over the actual language templates, which will likely take a while. [[User:AKjeldsen|AKjeldsen]] 12:38, 13 April 2007 (EDT)

Is there any way somebody could make an OEC box like the YEC one that exists now? [[User:MountainDew|MountainDew]] 13:52, 13 April 2007 (EDT)

:It's already there, MD. [[User:Myk|Myk]] 13:53, 13 April 2007 (EDT)

These could use a little more organizing - I like the categories, they help a lot, but there are quite a few duplications. A table would help the weird wrap effect that happens due to them being slightly different heights. I might attack the dupes, maybe the tabling sometime... [[User:Human|Human]] 18:08, 13 April 2007 (EDT)

:I could help with the table, I think... --[[User:Sid 3050|Sid 3050]] 19:15, 13 April 2007 (EDT)
::Done with the table. I settled for three columns, prevents things from becoming too wide or too lengthy. --[[User:Sid 3050|Sid 3050]] 19:37, 13 April 2007 (EDT)
:::Nice work Sid! Now to 1. get rid of the redundant entries and 2. move some of the "uncategorized" UXBs into categories... I am wondering if the redundancies are some sort of glitch, because the one I made I surely only put in "politics". I am glad the the categories start off with Christianity, CP activism, and Creationism, as those are the foci of this wiki. What is scary is the number of "non-conforming use" boxes that pepper the other categories. [[User:Human|Human]] 20:13, 13 April 2007 (EDT)
::::Sure thing :) Table stuff was the easy part, though. With the current number of boxes, removing duplicates and categorizing will be more of a challenge, I think. *frowns* --[[User:Sid 3050|Sid 3050]] 20:17, 13 April 2007 (EDT)
:::::I feel like a Bureaucrat-in-chief-wanna-be with that "nice work" thing. Somebody please slap me, now. Anyway, I think maybe later tonight, when all the good little elves are asleep (to avoid edit conflicts) I'll copy the source over into notepad, clean up the dupes and do a little categorizing, and copy it back. I'm so glad I found these, I ''totally live'' for userboxes. (How did I find them? Copied over my UXB list from WP to see what would happen...) [[User:Human|Human]] 20:23, 13 April 2007 (EDT)
::::::Slap! But that's for the barely-disguised profanity. There's nothing wrong with complimenting another user. [[User:Philip J. Rayment|Philip J. Rayment]] 21:47, 13 April 2007 (EDT)

Thanks I needed that :) And thank you for, making me feel ok about giving a compliment. Anyway, the reason for this comment is that the table format of this page got all screwed up, so I reverted it to the last version that worked. I hope I did not remove anyone's hard work. Please, if there is any confusion, use our talk pages to resolve the issue so this meta-article can work well. [[User:Human|Human]] 00:27, 14 April 2007 (EDT)

== Layout ==

Before anyone reverts, I would like to state that I find the columnar layout to be much less disorienting. I would like to change <nowiki>{{UB}}</nowiki> to produce two collumns, but I believe that obtaining feedback before I do so would be preferable to a change without the input of other users. --[[User:Hacker|Hacker]]<code>([[User talk:Hacker|Write some code]])</code> 08:20, 14 April 2007 (EDT)

:I prefer the columnar layout too, I think. But how would you change {{tl|UB}}? If you change it so that it can take two userboxes, that's a lot of editing, and confusion for people adding new items to the index. If you can change {{tl|UB}} in such as way that it produces two columns but still with one userbox per inclusion of the template, that would probably be a good idea, but I don't know if that's possible. [[User:Philip J. Rayment|Philip J. Rayment]] 09:00, 14 April 2007 (EDT)

::Hacker, that is indeed considerate of you. I agree with Philip, the only improvement I would make is to produce two columns, to shorten the scroll. ;-) --~ [[User:TK|TK]] [[User_talk:TK|MyTalk]] 09:11, 14 April 2007 (EDT)
:::I don't have a beef really, although I did do that revert back to three columns. One column is easier for people adding UXBs to "copy", of course. What I would like to see is the name of each UXB next to it, so people don't have to look at the source code to use one. How about if it is just two columns, one for the box, one for the name? I also notice, but haven't read through yet, that someone has been adding more "how to" instructions, which is a good idea. I was going to do something like that myself, I'll have to read it properly. Oh, and as they proliferate, I think the categories should become separate or sub pages. [[User:Human|Human]] 12:40, 14 April 2007 (EDT)
::::Yes, the general idea is to change <nowiki>{{UB}}</nowiki> so that the template inclusion code is in one column, and the UBX is in another. In addition, I might change it so that the inclusion code has a clickable link to the template, for easy editing.

That is a good idea. The format, as it is now, allows the categories to blend too much; you can barely make out the individual categories. I am going to get started on that. --[[User:David R|<<-David R->>]] 12:43, 14 April 2007 (EDT)

:I like that a lot better. There are still some uncat. UXBs that belong in cats, of course. Also, images need to be resized on some. And there are some horrendous typos, even in box names! I love the template, automatically creating the "what to type in your user page" text! I am going to add to the instructions a line saying ''where'' to save your new UXB (<nowiki>http://www.conservapedia.com/Template:User_</nowiki>''name'') unless someone else gets to it first... [[User:Human|Human]] 13:12, 14 April 2007 (EDT)

::One last thing... the category pages should have links at least back to userboxen#categories - or, ideally to all of each other. That's done with a template, right? [[User:Human|Human]] 14:04, 14 April 2007 (EDT)

==Renaming==

Please be sure, if you are renaming a UXB, to see who is using it (what links here) and let them know. Or, if redirects work on these things, make the old name a redirect, of course. [[User:Human|Human]] 13:12, 14 April 2007 (EDT)

Yeah. I don't think renaming a userbox is a good idea, at least not after they have been placed on a user page. I am going to stay away from that. We ''do'' have a lot of uncats that can be categorized, but I am going to save that for later, unless, of course, ''you'' would like to do it. --[[User:David R|<<-David R->>]] 13:18, 14 April 2007 (EDT)

:Templates are generally redirect-friendly. And the "move article" function (which is just what a rename is) creates the redirect in the old spot automatically, so it shouldn't be a problem. It's not the recommended behavior in this case (I'd prefer things to stay where they are once they're being used), but it should work out. --[[User:Sid 3050|Sid 3050]] 13:21, 14 April 2007 (EDT)

::I agree it should be avoided if possible. However, <nowiki>{{User not Regan}}</nowiki> kind of jumps out at me... misspelling a conservative icon's name on this site is a bit, um, ''wrong'', dontcha think? [[User:Human|Human]] 14:02, 14 April 2007 (EDT)

I renamed "33" to "Life Begins" to make it more generic (allowing for other ages). Before I did that, I checked to see which users were using it so that I could update their pages (requiring a previously-unrequired parameter meant that a redirect was insufficient). I found that ''nobody'' was using it, so I didn't have that extra task. The names of the userboxes shouldn't matter too much, but if you do think it worth changing, you might well find that there's not that many users using any given userbox anyway. [[User:Philip J. Rayment|Philip J. Rayment]] 19:43, 14 April 2007 (EDT)

==Bumper Stickers==
I am under the impression that userboxes are similar to bumper stickers on cars. If that is true, could we rename them "Bumper Stickers"? --[[User:Mcpannier|Mcpannier]] 19:09, 22 May 2007 (EDT)

Conservapedia talk:Userboxes

2007-05-22T23:09:57Z

Mcpannier: bumper stickers

User:Mcpannier

2007-05-22T23:04:10Z

Mcpannier: political views

==Why I Chose Conservapedia over Wikipedia==
I am dedicated to help balance the bias in our nation's education and information systems, spread the fruits of my public school education, and spread the message of Christ in a subtle, yet approachable way.--[[User:Mcpannier|Mcpannier]] 22:29, 1 April 2007 (EDT)
{{userboxtop|My Bumperstickers:}}
{{User American}}
{{User Political Compass|Economic Right: 4.13|Social Libertarian/Authoritarian: 6.15}}
{{User en}}
{{User Mark Levin}}
{{User Christian1}}
{{User tolerancecompromisetruth}}
{{User NRA}}
{{User patriot}}
{{User American}}
{{User CPLeader|[[user:Aschlafly|Aschlafly]]}}
{{userboxbottom}}

==My Political Views==
If you don't like them, that's too bad.
===Environmental===
Sorry Al Gore, the sky is not falling (and it's not getting hotter either).
Environmentally friendly changes are good, but not my primary concern.
Why haven't we started drilling for oil in the Gulf? I'm tired of $3.00 a gallon.
===Economic===
Protectionism is necessary if we want to keep American jobs.
Lower taxes, lower government spending.
===Morale Values===
Man and woman make marriage.
No premarital sex.
No abortions.
===Immigration===
If you are here legally (not overstaying visa), great! America is based on law abiding legal immigrants.
If you won't obey our laws to enter our country, why should we bend our laws for you?
I am still waiting for my fence.
===Iraq===
We can't leave the country until it can support itself.

Talk:Governor

2007-05-22T22:12:09Z

Mcpannier: notable governors

== Notable State Governors ==
I left the section "Notable State Governors" blank because I know it will cause controversy. Some people will choose only their party, erasing others. (I would have put Arnold, but I know I would be chastised.) Please limit to only state governor firsts, like the first African American governor, or the first woman governor. I will let someone else determine what qualifies as notable. --[[User:Mcpannier|Mcpannier]] 18:12, 22 May 2007 (EDT)

Talk:Governor

2007-05-22T22:07:02Z

Mcpannier: help please

Someone please elaborate. --[[User:Mcpannier|Mcpannier]] 18:07, 22 May 2007 (EDT)

Talk:DeStijl

2007-05-22T21:59:19Z

Mcpannier: 1917 to 1913

== 1917 to 1913 ==
What do you mean with "which lasted from 1917 to 1913"? I assume this is a typo. --[[User:Mcpannier|Mcpannier]] 17:59, 22 May 2007 (EDT)

Governor

2007-05-22T21:55:30Z

Mcpannier: fix typo on category

The office of governor is the [[executive branch]] of a [[state government]] in the [[United States]]. It is elected by the people during the general [[election]]. Governorship terms may range, but are usually four years.

== Historical Definition of Governor ==

The term governor has had a variety of meanings throughout history. European colonies often had a governor appointed by the king. Bodies such as the [[Federal Reserve]] have governors.

== Notable State Governors ==

[[Category:Government]]

Governor

2007-05-22T21:54:13Z

Mcpannier: create

User:Mcpannier

2007-05-05T12:20:49Z

Mcpannier: my political compass

Saxophone

2007-05-05T02:37:16Z

Mcpannier: create

The saxophone was invented by [[Adolphe Sax]] in 1841. He was a Belgian clarinetist. The saxophone was invented as an intermediate instrument between woodwind and brass. Originally, Sax invented 14 different saxophones.<ref>Pearson, Bruce. "''Standard of Exelence Comprehensive Band Method Book 1 Eb Alto Saxohone''." San Diego: Niel A. Kjos Music Company, 1993. 48.</ref>
There are five types of saxophones in use today: E''b'' [[Soprano Saxophone]], B''b'' [[Alto Saxophone]], E''b'' [[Tenor Saxophone]], C Tenor Saxophone (for orchestra) and E''b'' [[Baritone Saxophone]]. Because the note fingering is the same on all types of saxophones, it is easy for a saxophonist to switch from one sax to another.

== References ==
<references/>

User:Mcpannier

2007-05-03T01:22:04Z

Mcpannier: userboxes

Advanced Placement

2007-04-30T22:32:52Z

Mcpannier: links

The Advanced Placement program is directed by College Board<ref>http://www.collegeboard.com/student/testing/ap/about.html</ref>, and used in most American high schools. There are currently 37 AP exams. After a student completes a course, he may take the AP exam in that subject. The AP exams are typically offered on specific dates in the month of May. High schools usually weight a student's grade in an AP class on a 6-point scale instead of the normal 4-point scale or 5-point Honors scale. The AP exams are graded on a 5-point scale. Most Colleges and Universities will offer college credit for exam scores of 3 or higher, depending on admission policy.

== List of AP Exams ==
[[AP Art History|Art History]] 
[[AP Biology|Biology]] 
[[AP Calculus AB|Calculus AB]] 
[[AP Calculus BC|Calculus BC]] 
[[AP Chemistry|Chemistry]] 
[[AP Chinese Language and Culture|Chinese Language and Culture]] 
[[AP Comparative Government and Politics|Comparative Government and Politics]] 
[[AP Computer Science AB|Computer Science AB]] 
[[AP Computer Science BC|Computer Science BC]] 
[[AP English Language and Composition|English Language and Composition]] 
[[AP English Literature and Composition|English Literature and Composition]] 
[[AP Environmental Science|Environmental Science]] 
[[AP European History|European History]] 
[[AP French Language|French Language]] 
[[AP French Literature|French Literature]] 
[[AP German Language|German Language]] 
[[AP Human Geography|Human Geography]] 
[[AP Italian Language and Culture|Italian Language and Culture]] 
[[AP Japanese Language and Culture|Japanese Language and Culture]] 
[[AP Latin Literature|Latin Literature]] 
[[AP Latin Virgil|Latin Virgil]] 
[[AP Macroeconomics|Macroeconomics]] 
[[AP Microeconomics|Microeconomics]] 
[[AP Music Theory|Music Theory]] 
[[AP Physics B|Physics B]] 
[[AP Physics C Mechanics|Physics C Mechanics]] 
[[AP Physics C Electricity and Magnetism|Physics C Electricity and Magnetism]] 
[[AP Psychology|Psychology]] 
[[AP Spanish Language|Spanish Language]] 
[[AP Spanish Literature|Spanish Literature]] 
[[AP Statistics|Statistics]] 
[[AP Studio Art 2-D Design|Studio Art 2-D Design]] 
[[AP Studio Art 3-D Design|Studio Art 3-D Design]] 
[[AP Studio Art Drawing|Studio Art Drawing]] 
[[AP United States Government and Politics|United States Government and Politics]] 
[[AP United States History|United States History]] 
[[AP World History|World History]] 

==References==
<references/>

Deoxyribonucleic acid

2007-04-30T22:11:58Z

Mcpannier: prokaryotic DNA

'''DNA''', otherwise known as deoxyribonucleic acid, is a [[molecule]]. It's shape is known as a double helix (a shape like a ladder that is twisted around over and over again). It carries the [[genetic]] instructions for the proteins that form the bodies of living organisms. All living creatures contain DNA, and the DNA of two (sexually reproducing) creatures' offspring is a mix of its parents' DNA.

Small parts of DNA called genes serve as the instructions for the body to carry out its functions and give rise to traits such as eye color, hair color, etc. Genes are packaged into [[chromosomes]]. Each individual human being has 23 pairs of chromosomes, where one set is inherited from his/her mother and the other set is inherited from his/her father.

[[Prokaryotic DNA]] is circular (a closed loop), while [[Eukaryotic DNA]] is linear (with ends). DNA in [[prokaryote]]s usually consists only of one closed loop chromosome.<ref>Campbell, Neil A, et. al. ''Biology''. 6th ed. San Francisco: Benjamin Cummings, 2002. 299, 530-31.</ref>

DNA changes account for differences between individuals. However, they can also cause medical problems.

DNA is [[transcription|transcribed]] into [[RNA]], which is in turn being [[translation|translated]] into [[Amino Acids]] that that are used to form [[protein]]s which are the building blocks of all living creatures. [[RNA]] can also be reverse-transcribed back into DNA, which is the called [[Complimentary DNA]] or [[cDNA]].

==External links==
*[http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/trun/artwork/Animations/cloningexp/cloningexp.html Animated guide to DNA cloning]

== References ==
<references/>

[[Category:Genetics]]

User:Mcpannier

2007-04-30T21:33:07Z

Mcpannier: formatted it

Advanced Placement

2007-04-29T02:49:02Z

Mcpannier:

Advanced Placement

2007-04-29T02:47:45Z

Mcpannier: /* List of AP Courses */

Talk:Advanced Placement

2007-04-29T02:47:07Z

Mcpannier: create

Can someone create seperate articles for each AP exam?--[[User:Mcpannier|Mcpannier]] 22:47, 28 April 2007 (EDT)

Advanced Placement

2007-04-29T02:45:24Z

Mcpannier: ref

Advanced Placement

2007-04-29T02:41:50Z

Mcpannier: fixed lines

The Advanced Placement program is directed by College Board, and used in most American high schools. There are currently 35 AP courses, with plans to include two more. After a student completes a course, he may take the AP exam in that subject. The AP exams are typically offered on specific dates in the month of May. High schools usually weight a student's grade in an AP class on a 6-point scale instead of the normal 4-point scale or 5-point Honors scale. The AP exams are graded on a 5-point scale. Most Colleges and Universities will offer college credit for exam scores of 3 or higher, depending on admission policy.

== List of AP Courses ==
Art History 
Biology 
Calculus AB 
Calculus BC 
Chemistry 
*soon to come Chinese Language and Culture 
Comparative Government and Politics 
Computer Science AB 
Computer Science BC 
English Language and Composition 
English Literature and Composition 
Environmental Science 
European History 
French Language 
French Literature 
German Language 
Human Geography 
Italian Language and Culture 
*soon to come Japanese Language and Culture 
Latin Literature 
Latin Virgil 
Macroeconomics 
Microeconomics 
Music Theory 
Physics B 
Physics C Mechanics 
Physics C Electricity and Magnetism 
Psychology 
Spanish Language 
Spanish Literature 
Statistics 
Studio Art 2-D Design 
Studio Art 3-D Design 
Studio Art Drawing 
United States Government and Politics 
United States History 
World History

Advanced Placement

2007-04-29T02:39:09Z

Mcpannier: create

The Advanced Placement program is directed by College Board, and used in most American high schools. There are currently 35 AP courses, with plans to include two more. After a student completes a course, he may take the AP exam in that subject. The AP exams are typically offered on specific dates in the month of May. High schools usually weight a student's grade in an AP class on a 6-point scale instead of the normal 4-point scale or 5-point Honors scale. The AP exams are graded on a 5-point scale. Most Colleges and Universities will offer college credit for exam scores of 3 or higher, depending on admission policy.

== List of AP Courses ==
Art History
Biology
Calculus AB
Calculus BC
Chemistry
*soon to come Chinese Language and Culture
Comparative Government and Politics
Computer Science AB
Computer Science BC
English Language and Composition
English Literature and Composition
Environmental Science
European History
French Language
French Literature
German Language
Human Geography
Italian Language and Culture
*soon to come Japanese Language and Culture
Latin Literature
Latin Virgil
Macroeconomics
Microeconomics
Music Theory
Physics B
Physics C Mechanics
Physics C Electricity and Magnetism
Psychology
Spanish Language
Spanish Literature
Statistics
Studio Art 2-D Design
Studio Art 3-D Design
Studio Art Drawing
United States Government and Politics
United States History
World History

Sphere of influence

2007-04-29T02:20:47Z

Mcpannier:

A sphere of influence by a country is a foreign geographic region ("sphere") in which that country has trading or investment rights.

For example, Britain enjoyed spheres of influence in many regions of the world during the 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries.

[[Category:Politics]]

Project Apollo

2007-04-27T02:08:38Z

Mcpannier: category

[[Image:Apollo 17.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Apollo 17 on the launchpad.]]

The Apollo project began when [[United States]] President [[John F. Kennedy]] proposed we put a man on the [[Moon]] by the end of the 1960s. In 1969 his dream came true when [[Neil Armstrong]] became the first man on the moon. The aborted mission Apollo 13 almost resulted in the death of the crewmembers. Only extraordinary measures by the flight team on the ground and in the spacecraft prevented it from becoming a tragedy.

Beginning with Apollo 15, a small electric car was used to transport the astronauts across the surface of the moon. A total of twelve men walked on the moon, but after Apollo 17 in 1972, the program came to an end. The Saturn 5 booster constructed for Apollo 18 carried Skylab, America's first space station, into orbit.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
| Project Apollo Designation
| Mission
| Mission Start Date
| Mission End Date
|-
| SA-1
| The first test flight of the Saturn 1 rocket.
| October 27th, 1961
| October 27th, 1961
|-
| SA-2
| The second test flight of the Saturn 1 rocket.
| April 25th, 1962
| April 25th, 1962
|-
| SA-3
| The third test flight of the Saturn 1 rocket.
| November 16th, 1962
| November 16th, 1962
|-
| SA-4
| The fourth test flight of the Saturn 1 rocket.
| March 28th, 1963
| March 28th, 1963
|-
| QTV
| The first test flight of the Apollo Little Joe 2 rocket.
| August 28th, 1963
| August 28th, 1963
|-
| Pad Abort Test 1
| The first abort test of the Apollo spacecraft.
| November 7th, 1963
| November 7th, 1963
|-
| SA-5
| The first test flight of the Block 2 Saturn 1 rocket.
| January 29th, 1964
| April 30, 1966
|-
| A-001
| The second abort test of the Apollo spacecraft.
| May 13th, 1964
| May 13th, 1964
|-
| A-101
| The first test flight of the Saturn rocket together with the Apollo spacecraft.
| May 28th, 1964
| June 2nd, 1964
|-
| A-102
| The second test flight of the Saturn rocket together with the Apollo spacecraft.
| September 18th, 1964
| September 22nd, 1964
|-
| A-002
| The third abort test of the Apollo spacecraft.
| December 8th, 1964
| December 8th, 1964
|-
| A-103
| Launch of the Pegasus A satellite.
| February 16th, 1965
| September 17th, 1978
|-
| A-003
| The fourth abort test of the Apollo spacecraft.
| May 19th, 1965
| May 19th, 1965
|-
| A-104
| Launch of the Pegasus B satellite.
| May 25th, 1965
| November 3rd, 1979
|-
| Pad Abort Test 2
| The fifth abort test of the Apollo spacecraft.
| June 29th, 1965
| June 29th, 1965
|-
| A-105
| Launch of the Pegasus C satellite.
| July 30th, 1965
| August 4th, 1969
|-
| A-004
| The sixth abort test of the Apollo spacecraft.
| January 20th, 1966
| January 20th, 1966
|-
| AS-201
| The first test flight of the Saturn 1B rocket.
| February 26th, 1966
| February 26th, 1966
|-
| AS-203
| The second test flight of the Saturn 1B rocket.
| July 5th, 1966
| July 5th, 1966
|-
| AS-202
| The third test flight of the Saturn 1B rocket.
| August 25th, 1966
| August 25th, 1966
|-
| Apollo 1
| Apollo program training exercise. (Failure.)
| Destroyed on launch pad on January 27th, 1967
| Destroyed on launch pad on January 27th, 1967
|-
| Apollo 4
| First test flight of the Saturn 5 rocket.
| November 9th, 1967
| November 9th, 1967
|-
| Apollo 5
| First test flight of the Apollo Lunar Module.
| January 22nd, 1968
| January 23rd, 1968
|-
| Apollo 6
| Second test flight of the Saturn 5 rocket.
| April 4th, 1968
| April 4th, 1968
|-
| Apollo 7
| First 3 man American space mission.
| October 11th, 1968
| October 21nd, 1968
|-
| Apollo 8
| First human orbit around the moon.
| December 21st, 1968
| December 27th, 1968
|-
| Apollo 9
| First manned test flight of the Apollo Lunar Module
| March 3rd, 1969
| March 13th, 1969
|-
| Apollo 10
| Second manned test flight of the Apollo Lunar Module
| May 18th, 1969
| May 26th, 1969
|-
| Apollo 11
| First manned moon landing.
| July 16th, 1969
| July 24th, 1969
|-
| Apollo 12
| Second manned moon landing.
| November 14th, 1969
| November 24th, 1969
|-
| [[Apollo 13]]
| Third manned moon landing. (Failure.)
| April 11th, 1970
| April 17th, 1970
|-
| Apollo 14
| Third manned moon landing.
| January 31st, 1971
| February 9th, 1971
|-
| Apollo 15
| Fourth manned moon landing
| July 26th, 1971
| August 7th, 1971
|-
| Apollo 16
| Fifth manned moon landing
| April 16, 1972
| April 27th, 1972
|-
| Apollo 17
| Sixth manned moon landing
| December 17th, 1972
| December 19th, 1972
|}

== Conspiracy Theories ==

There has been speculation that the Apollo moon landing missions never took place, and that it was all staged for the benefit of the public. Supporting this interpretation is the fact that the American flag placed on the Moon should not wave,though it appears it does. Also there appears to be no stars in the sky as would be expected in space. [[NASA]] has thoroughly debunked these conspiracy theories.<ref>[http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2001/ast23feb_2.htm , The Great Moon Hoax (NASA)]</ref>

==References==
<references />

[[Category:Space Exploration]]
[[Category:Space Race]]

Category:Space Race

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[[Category:Cold War]]

Sputnik (satellite)

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Sputnik was launched in 1957 AD by the Soviet Union as the first spacecraft to carry a living being, a dog, into outer space.

Sputnik I, launched October 4, 1957 AD, carried an artificial satellite into orbit. It caused a bit of a scare in the USA, that the Soviet Union got a satellite into orbit first. It was about the size of a basketball with antennas sticking out of it. It had started the [[Space Race]] between the USSR and the USA.

Sputnik II carried a dog named Laika into space on November 3, 1957 AD.

== See Also ==
*[http://history.nasa.gov/sputnik/ NASA's files on Sputnik]
[[Category:science]]
[[Category:Space Race]]
[[Category:Cold War]]