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	<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/api.php?action=feedcontributions&amp;feedformat=atom&amp;user=MarkN85</id>
	<title>Conservapedia - User contributions [en]</title>
	<link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/api.php?action=feedcontributions&amp;feedformat=atom&amp;user=MarkN85"/>
	<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/Special:Contributions/MarkN85"/>
	<updated>2026-09-28T13:45:30Z</updated>
	<subtitle>User contributions</subtitle>
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	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Talk:Atheism_and_bestiality&amp;diff=919463</id>
		<title>Talk:Atheism and bestiality</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Talk:Atheism_and_bestiality&amp;diff=919463"/>
		<updated>2011-09-22T21:23:47Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;MarkN85: /* Absolutely revolting. Andy Schlafly, please put an end to this. */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==I don't even know what to say about this article...==&lt;br /&gt;
I was going to leave Conservapedia but when I see this kind of article, I just can't. Conservative, do you know that you are becoming very offensive?&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
I heard that you were always eager to debate. I have a lot of questions about christianity &amp;amp; atheism that I would like to discuss. Would you be willing to answer my questions ?--[[User:ARamis|ARamis]] 16:56, 22 September 2011 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Absolutely revolting. Andy Schlafly, please put an end to this. ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Disgusted. As a Christian I am reviled by this. There are no links that support what this Peter Singer said, merely heresy from another website which doesn't state its sources. Then it is taken to paint a group of people in the same stripe. Absolutely immoral, unsupported filth. [[User:MaxFletcher|MaxFletcher]] 17:14, 22 September 2011 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:What's next? '''''Atheism and mastur&amp;lt;nowiki /&amp;gt;bation'''''? Oh wait, [[Conservapedia:Deletedpage|mastur&amp;lt;nowiki /&amp;gt;bation]] is a naughty word - even the spam-filter doesn't like it. Bestiality should be added to the list! [[User:RonLar|RonLar]] 17:15, 22 September 2011 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
::Yeah this is really bad, not that anything else this user has done has been that much better.  -1 for lack of fatty fat fat ad hominems and lack of bunny photos. --[[User:MarkN85|MarkN85]] 17:20, 22 September 2011 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
::: I suggest [[Atheism and Mass Murder]] or [[Atheism and evolutionary racism | Atheism and Racism]]. Oh wait, it already exists ! That's just great encyclopedic content ! And so objective by the way !--[[User:ARamis|ARamis]] 17:22, 22 September 2011 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
::::I saw your response and noticed that you started it off with &amp;quot;I suggest...&amp;quot; so I stopped reading it, but here's an article on flying cats instead.  --[[User:MarkN85|MarkN85]] 17:23, 22 September 2011 (EDT)&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>MarkN85</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Talk:Atheism_and_bestiality&amp;diff=919459</id>
		<title>Talk:Atheism and bestiality</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Talk:Atheism_and_bestiality&amp;diff=919459"/>
		<updated>2011-09-22T21:20:15Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;MarkN85: /* Absolutely revolting. Andy Schlafly, please put an end to this. */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==I don't even know what to say about this article...==&lt;br /&gt;
I was going to leave Conservapedia but when I see this kind of article, I just can't. Conservative, do you know that you are becoming very offensive?&amp;lt;br/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
I heard that you were always eager to debate. I have a lot of questions about christianity &amp;amp; atheism that I would like to discuss. Would you be willing to answer my questions ?--[[User:ARamis|ARamis]] 16:56, 22 September 2011 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Absolutely revolting. Andy Schlafly, please put an end to this. ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Disgusted. As a Christian I am reviled by this. There are no links that support what this Peter Singer said, merely heresy from another website which doesn't state its sources. Then it is taken to paint a group of people in the same stripe. Absolutely immoral, unsupported filth. [[User:MaxFletcher|MaxFletcher]] 17:14, 22 September 2011 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:What's next? '''''Atheism and mastur&amp;lt;nowiki /&amp;gt;bation'''''? Oh wait, [[Conservapedia:Deletedpage|mastur&amp;lt;nowiki /&amp;gt;bation]] is a naughty word - even the spam-filter doesn't like it. Bestiality should be added to the list! [[User:RonLar|RonLar]] 17:15, 22 September 2011 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
::Yeah this is really bad, not that anything else this user has done has been that much better.  -1 for lack of fatty fat fat ad hominems and lack of bunny photos. --[[User:MarkN85|MarkN85]] 17:20, 22 September 2011 (EDT)&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>MarkN85</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=User:MarkN85&amp;diff=901442</id>
		<title>User:MarkN85</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=User:MarkN85&amp;diff=901442"/>
		<updated>2011-08-16T01:52:21Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;MarkN85: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Can I be a sysop if I copy/paste my &amp;quot;essays&amp;quot; on at least twenty different pages (and then some)?  I promise to write them at a third grade level.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>MarkN85</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Essay:Politicians_Who_Had_a_Real_Career&amp;diff=899193</id>
		<title>Essay:Politicians Who Had a Real Career</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Essay:Politicians_Who_Had_a_Real_Career&amp;diff=899193"/>
		<updated>2011-08-09T23:56:02Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;MarkN85: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==Significant politicians with a real former career==&lt;br /&gt;
This is a list of significant politicians who had a real career (outside of politics):&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Michele Bachmann]] - [[homeschooled]] her 5 children and also helped raise 23 foster children; now is a [[conservative]] candidate in the presidential race. Was a practicing lawyer at the IRS for four years with two law degrees before leaving the workforce to raise her children.&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Jim Bunning]] - Hall of Fame Major League Baseball pitcher and visionary who stood against government spending&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Winston Churchill]] - accomplished writer, then Prime Minister of [[Great Britain]] before it became [[atheistic]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Jimmie Davis - accomplished singer (&amp;quot;You Are My Sunshine&amp;quot;) who served two non-consecutive terms as governor of [[Louisiana]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Benjamin Franklin]] - printer, author, postmaster, inventor, and [[Founding Father]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Barry Goldwater]] - manager of family department store, air force general&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Denis Healey]] - Long-serving UK Chancellor who laid the foundations of British prosperity in the 1980s and 1990s by introducing monetarism; formerly a soldier (he was beach-master at Anzio).&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Ron Johnson]] - was CEO of PACUS, a plastics Mfg, before becoming [[U.S. Senator]] for [[Wisconsin]]; rejected [[Obama]] judicial nominees for his area soon after taking office&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Jack Kemp]] - star professional football player (quarterback) and architect of the Kemp-Roth tax cuts in the 1980s&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Rand Paul]] - physician (non-ABO-certified ophthalmologist), now a major influence in the [[U.S. Senate]] for cutting spending&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Ron Paul]] - physician (obstetrician), perhaps the single most influential presidential candidate in the past decade&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Ronald Reagan]] - actor, president of the [[Screen Actors Guild]], and spokesman for [[General Electric]]; architect for the defeat of [[communism]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Rick Scott]] - former CEO of a major hospital network, now the innovative Governor of [[Florida]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Scott Walker]] - worked for IBM and the American Red Cross before politics; now conservative Governor of [[Wisconsin]].&lt;br /&gt;
*[[George Washington]] - successful military general, land surveyor &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.landsurveyor.us/learn_washington.htm George Washington as a Land Surveyor]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; and real estate investor&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington]] - General who defeated [[Napoleon]]. Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and leading conservative politician of second quarter of 19th century. Legislated for emancipation of Roman Catholics in Britain and Ireland.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== No clear influence in politics ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Michael Bloomberg]] - controls the market for stock quote machines used primarily in Wall Street institutions&lt;br /&gt;
*Bill Bradley - National basketball star&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Maria Cantwell]] - software company executive (Real Networks, who make RealPlayer)&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Neville Chamberlain]] - Prime Minister of the UK, formerly accountant and businessman (metal trade). His chief claim to fame is how he trusted [[Hitler]], who played Chamberlain for the fool that he was.&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Stephane Dion]] Professor of Political Science at Université de Moncton and Université de Montreal.&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Clint Eastwood]] - actor, film director&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Mike Enzi]] - accountant&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Bill Foster]] - physicist at the government-subsidized Fermilab&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Al Franken]] - comedian (''Saturday Night Live'')&lt;br /&gt;
*[[John Glenn]] - Marine Corps pilot, astronaut &lt;br /&gt;
*[[Stephen Harper]] - Economist, head of National Citizens Coalition (Canada's main conservative think tank)&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Herbert Hoover]] - geologist, mining engineer&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Rush Holt]] - assistant director of the government-subsidized Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Chris Huhne]] - journalist, including roles as business editor of The ''Independent'' and The ''Independent on Sunday''&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Michael Ignatieff]] Professor at the Kennedy School of Government, author, television host.&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Glenda Jackson]] - double [[Oscar]]-winning actress who helped force out [[Tony Blair]]&lt;br /&gt;
*John Key - before becoming New Zealander Prime Minister, Key was a succesful businessman and broker for Merril Lynch.&lt;br /&gt;
*Steve Largent - National football star for the [[Seattle Seahawks]]&lt;br /&gt;
*René Lévesque  - Journalist.&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Harold Macmillan]] - Prime Minister of the UK, previously a soldier and publisher. Ended the British Empire in Africa and strengthened the UK's nuclear defences.&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Brian Mulroney]] Truck driver, lawyer, head of Iron Ore Corporation.&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Barack Obama]] (see also below)&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Jacques Parizeau]] Economist.&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Condoleeza Rice]] - professor and Provost at [[Stanford University]], served on the boards of several large corporations, senior fellow at the Institute of International Studies&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Mitt Romney]] - CEO of Bain &amp;amp; Company, an investment company&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Alex Salmond]] - First Minister of Scotland, economist and banker&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Arnold Schwarzenegger]] - professional bodybuilder based on steroid use, actor&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Heath Shuler]] - former businessman and former National Football League quarterback&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Rick Snyder]] - President and COO of Gateway during the 1990s, later elected Governor of Michigan in 2010&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Pierre Trudeau]], lawyer, professor at Université de Montréal.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Careers outside of government that need further discussion ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Mustafa Kemal Atatürk]] - Army Officer and Writer. First president of [[Turkey]] and founder of the modern Turkish state.&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Jimmy Carter]] - peanut farmer ... or was it mostly administrative work and local government positions?&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] - military general&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Reinhard Heydrich]] - possibly the most appalling of all the leading Nazi politicians because he planned the Final Solution; previously a naval officer.&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Vladimir Ilyich Lenin]] - first dictator of the Soviet Union: came from a minor affluent Russian family and became a lawyer specializing in labor rights, though he never saw a case.&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Barack Obama]] -  claimed to organize church community groups, while not attending church himself; was a non-tenure-track part-time instructor in law at the [[University of Chicago]]. &lt;br /&gt;
*[[Rick Santorum]] - attorney&lt;br /&gt;
*[[George W. Bush]] - oil business, co-owner and managing general partner of the [[Texas Rangers]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Lech Walesa]] - Electrician and [[Trade Union]] activist who became President of [[Poland]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[John Jay]]-lawyer&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Nelson Mandela]] - lawyer&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Other ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Vladimir Putin]] - former KGB operative who rose to be President of Russia.&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Michael Heseltine]] - UK Deputy Prime Minister, publisher&lt;br /&gt;
*[[John Major]] - Prime Minister, bank executive&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Stanley Baldwin]] - Prime Minister, businessman (metal trade), industrialist.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(please add examples)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Essays]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>MarkN85</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Talk:Essay:_Penn_Jillette,_here_is_the_evidence_you_claim_you_need_to_debate_me&amp;diff=896539</id>
		<title>Talk:Essay: Penn Jillette, here is the evidence you claim you need to debate me</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Talk:Essay:_Penn_Jillette,_here_is_the_evidence_you_claim_you_need_to_debate_me&amp;diff=896539"/>
		<updated>2011-08-03T02:00:55Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;MarkN85: /* What if.... */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;== What if.... ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Penn Jillette would only challenge you to a video debate? [[User:MaxFletcher|MaxFletcher]] 21:38, 2 August 2011 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
:Given the [[atheism|weakness of atheism]], I would be surprised if Penn Jillette formally debates a Bible believer on the existence of God by November 20, 2011.  Conservapedia also said, &amp;quot;if Jillette declines to debate Conservapedia we certainly strongly encourage him to seek out the strongest Bible believer opponent who is willing to publicly debate him concerning the existence of God&amp;quot;. With that being said, &amp;quot;The written debate will be between Penn Jillette and two atheists of his choosing and myself and two Christians of my choosing. I prefer written debates as I believe they offer the audience the maximum amount of information to render a decision. Oral debates are often subject to the participants' memories and also do not allow additional research to be done on particular points. (Please see: [[Essay: Conservapedia's challenge to atheist Penn Jillette|Conservapedia's challenge to atheist Penn Jillette]]).&amp;quot;[[User:Conservative|Conservative]] 21:52, 2 August 2011 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
::''Oral debates are often subject to the participants memories and also do not allow additional research to be done on particular points'' Not so because if I were to reply to a video on youtube for example I can always go back to it and have just as much time to do research as I would if it were written. If Penn offered a video debate would you accept? [[User:MaxFletcher|MaxFletcher]] 21:57, 2 August 2011 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
:::His medium seems to be primarily video, and yours primarily writing.  You've already got the advantage with the terms.  [[User:WesleyS|WesleyS]][[User Talk:WesleyS|&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;Hello!&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;]] 21:58, 2 August 2011 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
::::But you cant re-edit yourself fifty times in 20 seconds to correctly spell two words during a video debate.  --[[User:MarkN85|MarkN85]] 22:00, 2 August 2011 (EDT)&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>MarkN85</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=User_talk:MarkN85&amp;diff=893318</id>
		<title>User talk:MarkN85</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=User_talk:MarkN85&amp;diff=893318"/>
		<updated>2011-07-25T19:01:19Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;MarkN85: seeya&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>MarkN85</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=User:MarkN85&amp;diff=893222</id>
		<title>User:MarkN85</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=User:MarkN85&amp;diff=893222"/>
		<updated>2011-07-25T15:34:59Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;MarkN85: quick change&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;After reading the creator of this wiki's disgusting attempt to try to make cheap political points out of a massacre, I'll take my business elsewhere.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>MarkN85</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Cut,_Cap_and_Balance&amp;diff=891799</id>
		<title>Cut, Cap and Balance</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Cut,_Cap_and_Balance&amp;diff=891799"/>
		<updated>2011-07-21T19:15:58Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;MarkN85: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;The '''Cut, Cap and Balance Act''' is a [[budget]] plan created by the [http://rsc.jordan.house.gov/default.aspx Republican Study Committee] of [[Congress]].  The goal of the Act is to responsibly improve the financial situation of the [[United States]] by cutting and limiting federal government spending, as well as passing a Constitutional amendment that requires a balanced budget every fiscal year. The Act passed the House of Representatives by a vote of 234-190 on July 19, 2011.  It is opposed by [[President Obama]], and he has already vowed to veto the bill, in the unlikely event that it passes the Democrat-controlled Senate&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://blogs.abcnews.com/thenote/2011/07/saturday-session-in-the-senate-a-vote-on-cut-cap-balance-act.html Saturday Session in the Senate: A Vote on Cut, Cap &amp;amp; Balance Act] ABC News, July 20, 2011&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Cut==&lt;br /&gt;
The &amp;quot;cut&amp;quot; portion of the Act requires that discretionary and mandatory spending reductions be made that would cut the deficit in half next year.  In the legislative version of the Act passed by the House of Representatives, Medicare and Social Security are exempt from immediate cuts.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Cap==&lt;br /&gt;
The &amp;quot;cap&amp;quot; portion of the Act requires that federal spending not exceed 19.9% of GDP at any time by 2018.  This is in line with the average amount of federal spending for the past thirty years.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Balance==&lt;br /&gt;
The &amp;quot;balance&amp;quot; portion would require that Congress propose a balanced budget amendment to the US Constitution to be voted on this year.  The amendment would:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*require a super majority in either the House of Representatives or Senate for government spending to exceed revenue&lt;br /&gt;
*limit the spending to 18% of GDP, unless a super majority votes otherwise&lt;br /&gt;
*bar courts from raising taxes to satisfy the previous requirements&lt;br /&gt;
*these requirements could be waived during a war&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2011/07/how-a-balanced-budget-amendment-would-work/242202/ How a Balanced Budget Amendment Would Work] The Atlantic, July 20, 2011&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External Links==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.cutcapandbalanceact.com/ Cut Cap and Balance Act Homepage]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://rsc.jordan.house.gov/default.aspx Republican Study Committee Homepage]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist|2}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Politics]][[Category:United States Government]][[Category:Obama Presidency]][[Category:United States House of Representatives ]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>MarkN85</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Worst_College_Majors&amp;diff=891798</id>
		<title>Worst College Majors</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Worst_College_Majors&amp;diff=891798"/>
		<updated>2011-07-21T19:11:14Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;MarkN85: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;The '''worst college majors''' are fields of study that leave the student with relatively few job opportunities and often a distorted or ultra-[[liberal]] view of the world.  If the student incurred debt in attending college, then he is left with obligations without any practical way to pay for them.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
We encourage college students and employers to improve this list over time.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Majors==&lt;br /&gt;
# Women's studies,&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Women’s studies ... is disappearing from British universities. ... Students have begun to realise, too, that women’s studies is useless for getting you a job. It’s no coincidence that the subject’s collapse coincided with the introduction of tuition fees. The moment you start paying for something is the moment you consider whether it’s really worthwhile.&amp;quot; [http://www.theinsider.com/news/639292_The_End_Of_Women_s_Studies_And_Other_Useless_Qualifications]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.boundless.org/2000/features/a0000225.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/features/why-is-gender-studies-dominated-by-one-gender-1.289830&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; recently renamed &amp;quot;gender studies&amp;quot; at some schools&lt;br /&gt;
# [[Atheism|Secularism]]&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/08/us/08secular.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
#[[Homosexuality|LGBT]] studies&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.yale.edu/lgbts/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.lgbts.umd.edu/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
# Film&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;georgetown&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
# General Religious studies programs and Theology&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www9.georgetown.edu/grad/gppi/hpi/cew/pdfs/whatsitworth-complete.pdf What's It Worth?] Georgetown University, July 2011&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;yahoolist&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;.  Ministers, however, have a low 1.2% unemployment rate in the [[United States]]. &amp;lt;ref name=georgetown&amp;gt;[http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703648304575212001278867126.html?mod=WSJ_hpp_sections_careerjournal]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
# English Literature/Literary Criticism&lt;br /&gt;
# Music Therapy&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;georgetown&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
# Dance&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;georgetown&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
# Interior Design&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;yahoolist&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
# Art History&amp;lt;ref name=yahoolist&amp;gt;[http://finance.yahoo.com/college-education/article/110196/20-worst-paying-college-degrees-in-2010 20 Worst-Paying College Degrees in 2010] Yahoo! Finance, 08/12/2010&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
# Comic Book Art&lt;br /&gt;
# Surfing Studies&lt;br /&gt;
# Golf Management – University of Birmingham / Florida Gulf Coast University&lt;br /&gt;
# Communications&lt;br /&gt;
# [[Evolution|Evolutionary biology]]&lt;br /&gt;
# Architecture &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.foxbusiness.com/slideshow/personal-finance/2010/06/28/worst-fields-graduates/#slide=5&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
# Degrees leading to careers in investment banking and corporate work&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.foxbusiness.com/slideshow/personal-finance/2010/06/28/worst-fields-graduates/#slide=3&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
# Journalism &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.foxbusiness.com/slideshow/personal-finance/2010/06/28/worst-fields-graduates/#slide=4&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
# Psychology&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;georgetown&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
# Fashion Design&lt;br /&gt;
# Theater&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;georgetown&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
# Horticulture&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;yahoolist&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
# Human Resources&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;yahoolist&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
# Photography&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;georgetown&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
# Video game design&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;One observer noted that not even the video game industry typically hires people who majored in video game design.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
# Forestry/Range Management/Wildlife Management&lt;br /&gt;
# Environmental Studies&lt;br /&gt;
# Outdoor Recreation&lt;br /&gt;
# Fine Art&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.artcareer.net/faqs/job-market-outlook-for-artists-and-designers/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;yahoolist&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Courses==&lt;br /&gt;
# Football Culture&lt;br /&gt;
# Queer Musicology – UCLA&lt;br /&gt;
# The Science of Harry Potter – Frostburg University &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;CBS News: ''Harry Potter Goes To College:  Professor Uses Boy Wizard To Explores Links Between Magic, Science'', by Bootie Cosgrove-Mather, Sept. 26, 2003 [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2003/11/19/national/main584456.shtml] ''...Frostburg State President Catherine R. Gira said she isn't worried that some may view a Harry Potter class as trivial.  &amp;quot;Irrespective of the specific title of the course, the 'magic' in the fiction is being analyzed by applying concepts of physics, chemistry, biology and engineering. This honors course creatively packages scientific principles in a contemporary way that will interest today's students,&amp;quot; Gira said.''&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
# Native American Feminism - University of Michigan&lt;br /&gt;
# Cyber Feminism - Cornell University&lt;br /&gt;
# Feminist New Black Man - Occidental College &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HvlL_lDk4ko Jason Mattera At CPAC, YouTube]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
# Philosophy and Star Trek – Georgetown University in Washington &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; [http://courses.georgetown.edu/index.cfm?Action=View&amp;amp;CourseID=PHIL-180]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
# Emotional Literacy&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1076368/Schools-councils-waste-300-000-useless-emotional-literacy-course-faraway-island-sun.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
# Media Genres, the study of zombies - University of Baltimore &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.aolnews.com/weird-news/article/university-of-baltimore-pop-culture-class-focuses-on-zombies/19625044?test=latestnews College Course Preps Pupils for Zombie Apocalypse, AOL News, September 9, 2010]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
# The Science of Superheroes - UC Irvine &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.newsrealblog.com/2010/11/14/the-top-8-california-schools-that-are-like-totally-wasting-your-money/ The Top 8 California Schools that Are, Like, Totally Wasting Your Money, NewsRealBlog, November 14, 2010]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
# Field Equipment Operation (tractor driving) - UC Davis&lt;br /&gt;
# Hip Hop: The Politics of Culture - UC San Diego&lt;br /&gt;
# History of Surfing - UC Santa Barbara&lt;br /&gt;
# Labor Studies - UM Saint Louis &amp;amp; UM Kansas City &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.thehotjoints.com/2011/04/25/video-college-course-teaches-violent-union-tactics/ Video: College Course Teaches Violent Union Tactics, The Hot Joints, April 25, 2011]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
# Arguing with Judge Judy - UC Berkeley&lt;br /&gt;
# Self-Esteem - Cal State Fresno&lt;br /&gt;
# Gaga for Lady Gaga: Sex, Gender, and Identity- University of Virginia-Charlottesville&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/09/10/lady-gaga-college-class_n_712540.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Sources ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www9.georgetown.edu/grad/gppi/hpi/cew/pdfs/whatsitworth-complete.pdf What's It Worth? The Economic Value of College Majors] - Comprehensive report at [[Georgetown University]] website&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://learnfinancialplanning.com/best-worst-college-majors-degree/ Best and Worst College Majors]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.toptenz.net/to-10-useless-college-classes-degrees.php Top 10 Useless College Degrees &amp;amp; Classes]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:college]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:education]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== References ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>MarkN85</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Cut,_Cap_and_Balance&amp;diff=891299</id>
		<title>Cut, Cap and Balance</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Cut,_Cap_and_Balance&amp;diff=891299"/>
		<updated>2011-07-20T16:15:27Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;MarkN85: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;The '''Cut, Cap and Balance Act''' is a [[budget]] plan created by the [http://rsc.jordan.house.gov/default.aspx Republican Study Committee] of [[Congress]].  The goal of the Act is to improve the financial situation of the United States by cutting and limiting government spending, as well as passing a Constitutional amendment that requires a balanced budget ever fiscal year. The Act passed the House of Representatives by a vote of 234-190 on July 19, 2011.  It is opposed by [[President Obama]], and it is unlikely to pass the Democrat controlled [[Senate]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Cut==&lt;br /&gt;
The &amp;quot;cut&amp;quot; portion of the Act requires that discretionary and mandatory spending reductions be made that would cut the deficit in half next year.  In the legislative version of the Act passed by the House of Representatives, Medicare and Social Security are exempt from immediate cuts.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Cap==&lt;br /&gt;
The &amp;quot;cap&amp;quot; portion of the Act requires that spending not exceed 19.9% of GDP at any time by 2018.  This is in line with the average amount of federal spending for the past thirty years.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Balance==&lt;br /&gt;
The &amp;quot;balance&amp;quot; portion would require that Congress propose a balanced budget amendment to the US Constitution.  The amendment would:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*require a super majority in either the House of Representatives or Senate for government spending to exceed revenue&lt;br /&gt;
*limit the spending to 18% of GDP, unless a super majority votes otherwise&lt;br /&gt;
*bar courts from raising taxes to satisfy the previous requirements&lt;br /&gt;
*these requirements could be waived during a war&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2011/07/how-a-balanced-budget-amendment-would-work/242202/ How a Balanced Budget Amendment Would Work] The Atlantic, July 20, 2011&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External Links==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.cutcapandbalanceact.com/ Cut Cap and Balance Act Homepage]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://rsc.jordan.house.gov/default.aspx Republican Study Committee Homepage]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist|2}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Politics]][[Category:United States Government]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>MarkN85</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Hubble_Space_Telescope&amp;diff=890778</id>
		<title>Hubble Space Telescope</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Hubble_Space_Telescope&amp;diff=890778"/>
		<updated>2011-07-18T21:51:21Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;MarkN85: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[Image:Hubble 01.jpg|right|thumb|350px|Hubble Space Telescope as seen from the Space Shuttle Discovery on mission STS-82.]]&lt;br /&gt;
The '''Hubble Space Telescope''' is an American space probe in Low-Earth orbit (about 350 miles high) that is used to study and image celestial objects.  It is operated by [[NASA]]'s [http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/home/index.html Goddard Space Flight Center] and the [http://www.stsci.edu/resources/ Space Telescope Science Institute].  The [[telescope]] was launched April 25, 1990 and began operations soon thereafter.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==History==&lt;br /&gt;
After launch, it was found that all of the images from the telescope were out of focus.  An investigation found that the primary mirror of the telescope had been ground to the wrong radius, preventing the telescope from properly focusing.  In December, 1993, the [[Space_shuttle|Space Shuttle]] Endeavor, during mission STS-61, captured the telescope and added a lens that corrected the defect in the primary mirror.  Since then, the Hubble Space Telescope has been an invaluable tool to [[astronomy|astronomers]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hubble has a resolution of just less than 0.1 arcsec in red light.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; One arcsec is 1/3600 of a degree.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Its main imaging camera has 16 million pixels.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The current mission of the telescope was recently extended by NASA.  On January 17, 2004, primarily due to the recent [[Colombia]] shuttle accident and the perceived risk of shuttle flights, NASA announced that the final servicing mission to the Hubble Space Telescope would not be funded.  Scientists around the world and members of congress put pressure on NASA to reconsider, and on October 31, 2006, NASA announced it would go ahead with a Hubble Space Telescope service mission in 2008.  This fourth mission to Hubble cost $1 billion and should effectively extend the life of the telescope by another decade. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The telescope is named after astronomer [[Edwin Hubble]] whose observations of galaxies led him to the discovery that the universe is expanding.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The total cost of Hubble to NASA so far has been about $9 billion.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Dennis Overbye, [http://www.astromart.com/news/news.asp?news_id=746 &amp;quot;One Last Ride to the Hubble,&amp;quot; ''New York Times'' Dec 4, 2007]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Hubble has a 94-inch mirror. Earth-based telescopes with three times the diameter cost only 2% as much, but are affected by distortions caused by the atmosphere.  Astronomers hope that new methods of adaptive optics will improve the resolution of earth-based telescopes, because funding on the scale of Hubble is difficult to achieve.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hubble's successor will be the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is a large, infrared-optimized space telescope, scheduled for launch in 2014. Its mirror will be 6.5 meters.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; See [http://www.jwst.nasa.gov/ The James Webb Space Telescope]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Photography ==&lt;br /&gt;
'''The Hubble Ultra Deep Field''' is a picture taken by [[Hubble Telescope]]'s Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) and the Near Infrared Camera and Multi-object Spectrometer (NICMOS) of an &amp;quot;empty area&amp;quot; one tenth the diameter of a full moon when viewed from Earth. The 11.5 square [[arc minute]] area is equivalent to a grain of sand held at arm's length. Taken over a period of almost 11 days, the picture required 400 orbits around Earth and 800 exposures, which is equivalent to approximately 1 million seconds of exposure time. With an estimated 10,000 [[galaxy|galaxies]] in this image, nearly every speck of light is an entire galaxy or group of galaxies.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;gallery&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Image:udf.jpg|The Hubble Ultra Deep Field, Click for a high resolution view.&lt;br /&gt;
Image:Hudf-illustration.jpg|Location of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field in the sky.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gallery&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
====Other images====&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;gallery&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
File:Hs-2005-35-a-large web.jpg|Small Magellanic Cloud&lt;br /&gt;
File:Hs-1994-02-c-web.jpg|Spiral galaxy M100&lt;br /&gt;
File:Hs-2005-02-e-web.jpg|Red supergiant star V838 Monocerotis&lt;br /&gt;
File:CarinaNebula.jpg|Star birth in the Carina Nebula&lt;br /&gt;
File:BugNebulaNGC 6302.jpg|The Bug, or Butterfly Nebula NGC 6302&lt;br /&gt;
File:StephansQuintet.jpg|Galactic grouping known as Stephan's Quintet &lt;br /&gt;
File:OmegaCentauri1.jpg|100,000 stars residing in the crowded core of Omega Centauri&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/gallery&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Also See==&lt;br /&gt;
[[NASA]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External Links==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://hubblesite.org/ HubbleSite]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.aerospaceguide.net/spacehistory/hubble-history.html Hubble Space Telescope History]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.mindspring.com/~deline/ Jim's Hubble Telescope Photo Gallery]&lt;br /&gt;
* Dennis Overbye, [http://www.astromart.com/news/news.asp?news_id=746 &amp;quot;One Last Ride to the Hubble,&amp;quot; ''New York Times'' Dec 4, 2007]&lt;br /&gt;
====references====&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[category:astronomy]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>MarkN85</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=National_Aeronautics_and_Space_Administration&amp;diff=890776</id>
		<title>National Aeronautics and Space Administration</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=National_Aeronautics_and_Space_Administration&amp;diff=890776"/>
		<updated>2011-07-18T21:47:51Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;MarkN85: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[Image:Nasa-large.png|right|150px]]&lt;br /&gt;
The [[United States]] '''National Aeronautics and Space Administration''' (NASA) was founded in 1958. It was created by legislation for the purpose of creating a government-backed national space program in response to the launch of [[Sputnik|Sputnik I]], the [[Soviet Union]]'s the first man-made satellite. According to the act, NASA was to conduct research on the problems of flight in and out of the atmosphere with and without human pilots, and to cooperate with other nations in the peaceful exploration of space. NASA is responsible for many satellites including [[Landsat]], which was a series of satellites for the collection of information on natural resources, communication satellites and weather satellites. The [[Project Apollo]] program under NASA led to several landings on the [[Moon]] from 1969-1972. It is also the designer and developer of the [[space shuttle]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Today NASA has four main mission directorates, &lt;br /&gt;
*'''Aeronautics''', the work of developing and proving new flight technologies&lt;br /&gt;
*'''Exploration Systems''', creating new capabilities and spacecraft for affordable, sustainable human and robotic exploration.&lt;br /&gt;
*'''Science''', explores the Earth, and beyond&lt;br /&gt;
*'''Space Operations''', the space shuttle, the International Space Station and flight support.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Unfortunately, NASA has also lately been distracted by [[anthropogenic global warming theory]], due to the political machinations of alarmists such [[James E. Hansen]] [http://www.nasa.gov/worldbook/global_warming_worldbook.html].  George Deutsch, an appointee of [[President George W. Bush]], tried to rein in NASA's turn towards environmental radicalism, but this provoked a reaction from the [[liberal media]] [http://www.theinquirer.net/inquirer/news/1037099/bush-spinner-calls-nasa-site-censorship].&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Apollo 11 Launch.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Apollo 11 launch. The small cloud midway up the rocket is due to the Low Pressure in that region as the Rocket Passes through Max Q, the maximum dynamic pressure exerted on the rocket in the launch.]]&lt;br /&gt;
==NASA Manned Missions==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*'''[[Project Mercury]] ''' Initiated in 1958 and completed in 1963, Project Mercury was the United States' first man-in-space program. The objectives of the program, which made six manned flights from 1961 to 1963, were specific:  orbit a manned spacecraft around Earth, investigate man's ability to function in space and recover both man and spacecraft safely.  &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/mercury/missions/program-toc.html &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*'''Project Gemini ''' The Gemini Program was a necessary intermediate step between Project Mercury and the Apollo Program and had four objectives: subject astronauts to long duration flights- a requirement for projected later trips to the moon or deeper space; develop effective methods of rendezvous and docking with other orbiting vehicles, and to maneuver the docked vehicles in space; perfect methods of reentry and landing the spacecraft at a pre-selected land-landing point; gain additional information concerning the effects of weightlessness on crew members and to record the physiological reactions of crew members during long duration flights. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/gemini/index.html  &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*'''[[Project Apollo]] ''' On May 25, 1961, President [[John F. Kennedy]] announced the goal of sending a man to the moon before the end of the decade. Coming just three weeks after Mercury astronaut Alan Shepard became the first American in space, Kennedy's bold challenge set the nation on a journey unlike any before in human history. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:Eight years of hard work by thousands of Americans came to fruition on July 20, 1969, when the lunar module landed in the [[Sea of Tranquility]] and [[Apollo 11]] commander [[Neil Armstrong]] stepped onto the moon's surface with the words;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;span text-align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;&amp;gt;{{cquote|That's one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind.}}&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:Six of the missions -- Apollos 11, 12, 14, 15, 16 and 17 -- went on to land on the moon, studying soil mechanics, meteoroids, seismic, heat flow, lunar ranging, magnetic fields and solar wind. Apollos 7 and 9 tested spacecraft in Earth orbit; Apollo 10 orbited the moon as the dress rehearsal for the first landing. An oxygen tank explosion forced [[Apollo 13]] to scrub its landing, but the &amp;quot;can-do&amp;quot; problem solving of the crew and mission control turned the mission into a &amp;quot;successful failure.&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:The program also drew inspiration from Apollo 1 astronauts Gus Grissom, Ed White and Roger Chaffee, who lost their lives in a fire during a launch pad test in 1967.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:Project Apollo concluded with the Apollo/Soyuz mission during July 1975, part of a series of cooperative space flights between the United States and the Soviet Union (Russia) that continues today.  The docking in space of the two spacecraft took place at 2:17 p.m. U.S. Central Daylight Time on 17 July. Two days of joint operations followed. After separation, the Soyuz remained in space for almost two days before landing in the USSR on 21 July. The Apollo spacecraft remained in space for another three days before splashing down near Hawaii on 24 July. The mission was a resounding success for both Americans and Soviets. They achieved their goal of obtaining flight experience for rendezvous and docking of human spacecraft. In addition, they also demonstrated in-flight intervehicular crew transfer, as well as accomplished a series of scientific experiments. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/apollo/index.html &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; http://history.nasa.gov/30thastp/overview.html &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*'''Skylab''' was America's first space station and orbital science and engineering laboratory.  Skylab was launched into Earth orbit by a [[Saturn V]] rocket on May 14, 1973 as part of the Apollo program. Three crews visited the station, with their missions lasting 28, 59 and 84 days.  The mission crews performed a plethora of UV astronomy experiments, eight separate solar experiments and detailed X-ray studies of the Sun. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/skylab/index.html &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The mission crews performed a plethora of UV astronomy experiments, eight separate solar experiments and detailed X-ray studies of the Sun.  Skylab served as the greatest solar observatory of its time, a microgravity lab, a medical lab, an Earth-observing facility, and, most importantly, a home away from home for its residents. The program also led to new technologies. Special showers, toilets, sleeping bags, exercise equipment and kitchen facilities were designed to function in microgravity. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/skylab/index.html &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; http://www.nasa.gov/missions/shuttle/f_skylab1.html &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*The '''[[Space shuttle|Space Shuttle]]''' is the world's first reusable spacecraft, and the first spacecraft in history that can carry large satellites both to and from orbit. The Shuttle launches like a rocket, maneuvers in Earth orbit like a spacecraft and lands like an airplane. Each of the three Space Shuttle orbiters now in operation -- Discovery, Atlantis and Endeavour -- is designed to fly at least 100 missions. So far, altogether they have flown a combined total of less than one-fourth of that. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:Columbia was the first Space Shuttle orbiter to be delivered to NASA's Kennedy Space Center, Fla., in March 1979. Columbia and the STS-107 crew were lost Feb. 1, 2003, during re-entry. The Orbiter Challenger was delivered to KSC in July 1982 and was destroyed in an explosion during ascent in January 1986. Discovery was delivered in November 1983. Atlantis was delivered in April 1985. Endeavour was built as a replacement following the Challenger accident and was delivered to Florida in May 1991. An early Space Shuttle Orbiter, the Enterprise, never flew in space but was used for approach and landing tests at the Dryden Flight Research Center and several launch pad studies in the late 1970s. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:The Shuttle has the most reliable launch record of any rocket now in operation. Since 1981, it has boosted more than 1.36 million kilograms (3 million pounds) of cargo into orbit. More than than 600 crew members have flown on its missions. Although it has been in operation for almost 20 years, the Shuttle has continually evolved and is significantly different today than when it first was launched. NASA has made literally thousands of major and minor modifications to the original design that have made it safer, more reliable and more capable today than ever before. After 135 missions, the Space Shuttle flew its last flight on July 8, 2011. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:In 1992, the U.S. and the new Russian Federation renewed the 1987 space cooperation agreement and issued a &amp;quot;Joint Statement on Cooperation in Space.&amp;quot; Subsequent additions to the agreement outline the development of the NASA-Mir program.  From February 1994 to June 1998, space shuttles made 11 flights to the Russian space station Mir, and American astronauts spent seven residencies onboard Mir. Space shuttles also conducted crew exchanges and delivered supplies and equipment.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; http://www.nasa.gov/returntoflight/system/system_STS.html &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle-mir/index.html  &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*The '''International Space Station''' is a working laboratory orbiting 240 miles (390 kilometers) above the Earth and is home to an international crew.  It is the most complex scientific and technological endeavor ever undertaken, involving five space agencies representing 16 nations. Once completed, this new research outpost in space will include contributions from the U.S., Canada, Japan, Russia, Brazil, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. As a research outpost, the station is a test bed for future technologies and a research laboratory for new, advanced industrial materials, communications technology, medical research and much more. On-orbit assembly began in 1998 with the launch of Zarya, and today the station provides crewmembers with 15,000 cubic feet of habitable volume – more room than a conventional three-bedroom house – and weighs 404,000 pounds. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:The station now includes the Russian-built Zarya Module and the Zvezda Service Module, which contain the station’s living quarters and life-support systems; the U.S.-built Unity Connecting Module, providing docking ports for several station components; the U.S.-built Destiny Laboratory, which expands the station’s scientific capabilities with experiment compartments that allow nearly continuous scientific research and provide additional life support and robotic capabilities; the U.S.-built Quest Airlock, a doorway to space that supports station-based spacewalks; the Canadian-built Canadarm2, a new-generation robotic arm that gives the station a movable space crane; the Russian-built Pirs docking compartment, which adds additional spacewalking and docking capabilities to the station; and truss segments, which serve as the framework for additional station segments. Japanese and European research laboratories are ready for delivery to expand the station’s research capabilities even more. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/spacenews/factsheets/index.html &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*NASA had planned to continue human space flight with '''Project Constellation''', which consists of the Orion spacecraft (similar to the Project Apollo Command Module, but larger and with up to date flight systems) and the Ares I, a launch vehicle.  The Ares is similar to the solid fuel rocket from the current Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster (SRB), but more powerful, and has a second stage.  The first launch was hoped for 2011 and the first human launch in 2014&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/constellation/orion/index.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;.  Due to budget cuts, however, funding was removed for the program in the 2011 federal budget, and the current status of the project is unknown.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==NASA Unmanned Missions==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*'''Explorer 1''' was the first satellite launched by the United States when it was sent into space on January 31, 1958. Following the launch of the Soviet Union's Sputnik 1 on October 4, 1957, the U.S. Army Ballistic Missile Agency was directed to launch a satellite using its Jupiter C rocket developed under the direction of Dr. Wernher von Braun. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory received the assignment to design, build and operate the artificial satellite that would serve as the rocket's payload. JPL completed this job in less than three months. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:The primary science instrument on Explorer 1 was a cosmic ray detector designed to measure the radiation environment in Earth orbit. Once in space this experiment, provided by Dr. James Van Allen of the University of Iowa, revealed a much lower cosmic ray count than expected.  The existence of these radiation belts was confirmed by another U.S. satellite launched two months later, and they became known as the Van Allen Belts in honor of their discoverer. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/explorer/explorer-overview.html &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*The '''Pioneer Venus''' Project's main objective was to investigate the solar wind in the Venusian environment, map the planet's surface through a radar imaging system and study the characteristics of the upper atmosphere and ionosphere. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:Pioneer Venus consisted of two spacecraft: the Orbiter and the Multiprobe. The Orbiter carried an assortment of instruments for investigating plasma in upper Venusian atmosphere, observing reflected sunlight from the cloud layers at a variety of wavelengths, in addition to a surface radar mapper, and was launched on the May 20, 1978. It reached orbit around Venus on Dec. 4, 1978. Although originally intended to operate for one Venusian year, most of the Orbiter's instruments were still operating when the spacecraft entered the atmosphere on Oct. 8, 1992.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:The Pioneer Venus Multiprobe, which was launched on Aug. 8, 1978 and reached Venus on Dec. 9, 1978, was made of 5 separate probes: the probe transporter (referred to as the Bus), a large atmospheric entry probe (called Sounder), and three small probes. The Sounder released from the Bus on Nov. 15, 1978. The three smaller probes released on Nov. 19, 1978. The probes sent data to Earth as they descended toward the surface. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/pioneer-venus/index.html  &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*The '''Surveyor probes''' (1966 - 1968) were the first U.S. spacecraft to land safely on the Moon.  The main objectives of the Surveyors were to obtain close-up images of the lunar surface and to determine if the terrain was safe for manned landings. Each Surveyor was equipped with a television camera. In addition, Surveyors 3 and 7 each carried a soil mechanics surface sampler scoop which dug trenches and was used for soil mechanics tests and Surveyors 5, 6, and 7 had magnets attached to the footpads and an alpha scattering instrument for chemical analysis of the lunar material.  &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/lunar/surveyor.html  &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*'''Galileo''' was launched from the cargo bay of Space Shuttle Atlantis in 1989. The exciting list of discoveries started even before Galileo got a glimpse of Jupiter. As it crossed the asteroid belt in October 1991, Galileo snapped images of Gaspra, returning the first ever close-up image of an asteroid.  In 1994 the spacecraft made the only direct observation of a comet impacting a planet-- comet Shoemaker-Levy 9's collision with Jupiter. &lt;br /&gt;
:Galileo's descent probe made the first in-place studies of the planet's clouds and winds, and it furthered scientists' understanding of how Jupiter evolved. The probe also made composition measurements designed to assess the degree of evolution of Jupiter compared to the Sun. &lt;br /&gt;
:Galileo extensively investigated the geologic diversity of Jupiter's four largest moons: Ganymede, Callisto, Io and Europa. Galileo found that Io's extensive volcanic activity is 100 times greater than that found on Earth. The moon Europa, Galileo unveiled, could be hiding a salty ocean up to 100 kilometers (62 miles) deep underneath its frozen surface containing about twice as much water as all the Earth's oceans. Data also showed Ganymede and Callisto may have a liquid-saltwater layer. The biggest discovery surrounding Ganymede was the presence of a magnetic field. No other moon of any planet is known to have one. &lt;br /&gt;
:The prime mission ended six years ago, after two years of orbiting Jupiter. NASA extended the mission three times to continue taking advantage of Galileo's unique capabilities for accomplishing valuable science. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; http://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/galileo/news/release/press030921.html &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*'''TOPEX/Poseidon''', launched in 1992, is a joint venture between CNES and NASA to map ocean surface topography. While a 3-year prime mission was planned, with a 5-year store of expendables, TOPEX/Poseidon has delivered an astonishing 10+ years of data from orbit. It has made the following contributions:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:-Measured sea levels with unprecedented accuracy to better than 5 cm&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
:-Continuously observed global ocean topography &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:-Monitored effects of currents on global climate change and produced the first global views of seasonal changes of currents &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:-Monitored large-scale ocean features like Rossby and Kelvin waves and studied such phenomena as El Niño, La Niña, and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:-Mapped basin-wide current variations and provided global data to validate models of ocean circulation &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:-Mapped year-to-year changes in heat stored in the upper ocean &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:-Produced the most accurate global maps of tides ever &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:-Improved our knowledge of Earth's gravity field &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://topex-www.jpl.nasa.gov/mission/topex.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*''' Magellan Spacecraft''' &lt;br /&gt;
:The Magellan spacecraft, named after the sixteenth-century Portuguese explorer whose expedition first circumnavigated the Earth, was launched May 4, 1989, and arrived at Venus on August 10, 1990. Magellan's solid rocket motor placed it into a near-polar elliptical orbit around the planet. During the first 8-month mapping cycle around Venus, Magellan collected radar images of 84 percent of the planet's surface, with resolution 10 times better than that of the earlier Soviet Venera 15 and 16 missions. Altimetry and radiometry data also measured the surface topography and electrical characteristics. &lt;br /&gt;
:During the extended mission, two further mapping cycles from May 15, 1991 to September 14, 1992 brought mapping coverage to 98% of the planet, with a resolution of approximately 100m. &lt;br /&gt;
:Precision radio tracking of the spacecraft will measure Venus' gravitational field to show the planet's internal mass distribution and the forces which have created the surface features. Magellan's data will permit the first global geological understanding of Venus, the planet most like Earth in our solar system.  &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/magellan/fact.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* '''Viking Project'''&lt;br /&gt;
:NASA's Viking Mission to Mars was composed of two spacecraft, Viking 1 and Viking 2, each consisting of an orbiter and a lander. The primary mission objectives were to obtain high resolution images of the Martian surface, characterize the structure and composition of the atmosphere and surface, and search for evidence of life. &lt;br /&gt;
:Viking 1 was launched on August 20, 1975 and arrived at Mars on June 19, 1976. The first month of orbit was devoted to imaging the surface to find appropriate landing sites for the Viking Landers. On July 20, 1976 the Viking 1 Lander separated from the Orbiter and touched down at Chryse Planitia.  Viking 2 was launched September 9, 1975 and entered Mars orbit on August 7, 1976. &lt;br /&gt;
:The Viking 2 Lander touched down at Utopia Planitia on September 3, 1976. The Orbiters imaged the entire surface of Mars at a resolution of 150 to 300 meters, and selected areas at 8 meters.  The Viking 2 Orbiter was powered down on July 25, 1978 after 706 orbits, and the Viking 1 Orbiter on August 17, 1980, after over 1400 orbits.  &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/viking.html&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== National Space Science Data Center ==&lt;br /&gt;
The National Space Science Data Center, located in NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, is NASA's central archive of images and raw data from its various missions. Among other services, the NSSDC assigned an internationally recognized International Designator, a unique identifier for every rocket probe, vehicle, or stage of such vehicle ever launched. The code begins with the year (AD) of launch, followed by a three-digit launch sequence number and a one-to-three-letter &amp;quot;part code&amp;quot; for the launch. (Failed launches receive an arbitrary code.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== NASA Langley Science Directorate ==&lt;br /&gt;
Atmospheric scientists at NASA Langley Research Center conduct research from the land, sea, air and space to understand the atmospheric effects caused by volcanic eruptions, industrial pollution, changes in the planet’s energy balance and other events. They also support application programs, the worldwide distribution of NASA data and educational outreach activities. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Science research at Langley, specifically in atmospheric science, can trace its beginnings to the Center's aeronautical studies. In the 1960s, scientists began exploring how atmospheric dynamics, density and temperature varied with altitude to understand their effects on aircraft performance. Langley scientists expanded this effort in the 1970s to include atmospheric chemistry research and then shifted their research emphasis to environmental concerns. Rich in aeronautical heritage, Langley's atmospheric science research impacts how all of NASA studies the Earth and other planets. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://science.larc.nasa.gov/AboutUs.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Space Exploration]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist|2}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>MarkN85</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=North_Atlantic_Treaty_Organization&amp;diff=890773</id>
		<title>North Atlantic Treaty Organization</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=North_Atlantic_Treaty_Organization&amp;diff=890773"/>
		<updated>2011-07-18T21:42:29Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;MarkN85: &lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;[[Image:NATO1.gif‎|thumb|300px| NATO committee.]]&lt;br /&gt;
The '''North Atlantic Treaty Organization''' (NATO) is a military alliance of 28 nations, founded in 1949.  Its current secretary is [[Jaap de Hoop Scheffer]] of the [[Netherlands]]. &lt;br /&gt;
==History==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Beginning ===&lt;br /&gt;
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization was established shortly after [[World War II]] in 1949. The original members consisted of ten Western European countries, the [[United States]], and [[Canada]]. These countries formed the alliance to further the goal of security in the North Atlantic region, and they did this by ingraining the principal that an attack against one member would be considered an attack against all.  Therefore, all would respond with support to the attacked nation. In 1952 NATO began its first round of enlargement of the early alliances history, letting in [[Turkey]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Cold War ===&lt;br /&gt;
NATO acceptance of Western [[Europe]]an countries in 1955 led Soviet Russia to set up a counter organization, The [[Warsaw Treaty Organization]] (or Warsaw Pact). Common defense, the ongoing MAD strategy, and economic crisis led the [[Soviet Union]] and the Warsaw Pact to its demise. NATO’s transatlantic relations and prevention were key to the end of the [[Cold War]], and the beginning of a interlinking of United States and European policies, which still remains to this day.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Kosovo ===&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Apartment building burns in Belgrade 1999 after NATO air raids on power grid in Serbia..jpg|thumb|left|250px|Apartment building burns in Belgrade in 1999. The building caught fire as residents were cooking with firewood during a power blackout after NATO air raids on power grid in Serbia.]]&lt;br /&gt;
After the fall of the [[Soviet Union]] and the end of the [[Cold War]], NATO appeared to lose it purpose as it no longer had the threat of USSR. NATO began to shift its focus to from its original defense alliance to a more offensive mode. In 1999, the [[United States]] led its NATO allies on a bombing campaign to stop [[Yugoslav]] President Slobodan Milošević's ethic cleansing of the Albanians inside of [[Kosovo]]. The mission in [[Kosovo]] did not go as well as planned. After the air strikes, havoc reigned over [[Kosovo]], abuses continued and human rights organizations listed abuses committed by the Alliance members during the campaign. In an attempt to solve the violence, NATO countries and the [[United Nations]] took on a mission to stabilize and reconstruct the country, a mission which is currently ongoing. The OTAN intervention was illegal, destructive, and based on fraudulent claims. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; [http://www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=va&amp;amp;aid=1666 The U.S.-NATO Military Intervention in Kosovo.] &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
James Bissett, a former Canadian ambassador to Yugoslavia, Bulgaria and Albania, wrote: &amp;quot;the Central Intelligence Agency assisted by the British Special Air Service were training KLA members in Albania and in the summer of 1998 sending them back into Kosovo to assassinate Serbian mayors, ambush Serbian policemen and intimidate hesitant Kosovo Albanians. The aim was to destabilize Kosovo and overthrow [[Serbia]]n strongman Slobodan Milosevic... The hope was that with Kosovo in flames NATO could intervene ...&amp;quot; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; [http://www.catholicapologetics.info/modernproblems/currenterrors/unation.htm The United Nations:Chief Instrument of Russia's Errors by Cornelia R. Ferreira.] CATHOLIC APOLOGETICS. &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== NATO War Crimes ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to Professor Robert Hayden from the University of Pittsburgh:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
NATO's attacks have been aimed against civilian targets since literally the first night of the bombing, when a tractor factory in the Belgrade suburb of Rakovica was destroyed by cruise missiles. Since then NATO targets have included roads, railroad tracks and bridges hundreds of miles from Kosovo, power plants, factories of many kinds, food processing and sugar processing plants, water pumping stations, cigarette factories, central heating plants for civilian apartment blocks, television studios, post offices, non-military government administrative buildings, ski resorts, government official residences, oil refineries, civilian airports, gas stations, and chemical plants. NATO's strategy is not to attack Yugoslavia's army directly, but rather to destroy Yugoslavia itself, in order to weaken the army. With this strategy it is military losses that are &amp;quot;collateral damage,&amp;quot; because most of the attacks are aimed at civilian targets.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The level of damage done to clearly non-military infrastructural targets in Serbia would seem to render NATO military commanders and at least some NATO political leaders liable to the same charge that was made against Ratko Mladi and Radovan Karadi by the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY), &amp;quot;extensive destruction of property:&amp;quot; that they&lt;br /&gt;
individually and in concert with others planned, instigated, ordered or otherwise aided and abetted in the planning, preparation or execution of the extensive, wanton and unlawful destruction of ... property, not justified by military necessity or knew or had reason to know that subordinates were about to destroy or permit others to destroy ... property or had done so and failed to take necessary and reasonable measures to prevent this destruction or to punish the perpetrators thereof.&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The war supposedly in defense of human rights has produced war crimes by NATO, and a civilian casualty rate that is at least three time higher than the casualty rate of the &amp;quot;intolerable&amp;quot; violations of human rights that NATO was supposedly acting to correct. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; [http://jurist.law.pitt.edu/hayden.htm Humanitarian Hypocrisy.] University of Pittsburgh. &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Modern History ===&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:FormerSoDDRNATO.JPG‎ |thumb|320px|Former [[United States]] [[Secretary of Defense]], [[Donald Rumsfeld]] addressing NATO]]&lt;br /&gt;
After Kosovo, NATO’s ability to be an offensive organization was called into question. Some called for the abolishment of the organization, stating that it had lost it original purpose. &lt;br /&gt;
NATO began to look for its new goal in the 21 century. After the attacks on the [[World Trade Centers]] and [[The Pentagon|Pentagon]] on September 11, 2001, NATO countries quickly responded by aiding the [[United States]], as they had promised in Article Five of their founding treaty. AWACS airplanes were sent on surveillance, and NATO began its first and only article five mission to this day, [[Operation Active Endeavor]], which was a Maritime mission to protect the Mediterranean from terrorist operations and drug and WMD trafficking. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After the end of the [[Cold War]], European defense spending had weakened and its military lacked technology and modernization.  In 2002, NATO met for its annual summit, which was held in [[Prague]]. The 19 country alliance made a list of improvements that its members needed to make in order to effectively fight the war on terror, these improvements called for, among other thing, a NATO Military Concept for Defense against Terrorism.  NATO members also took steps to modernize there forces, all 19 countries agreed to spend at least 2% of their GDP on defense. NATO also agreed on its new focus, terrorism. As  Spain’s former prime minster [[José María Aznar]], said, “[[Jihad]]ism has replaced Communism, as Communism replaced [[Nazi]]sm, as an existential threat to the liberal democracies.”&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Further Expansion and Russian Relations ===&lt;br /&gt;
In 2004, NATO further expanded to Eastern European countries, these included [[Estonia]], [[Latvia]], [[Lithuania]], [[Slovakia]], [[Slovenia]], [[Bulgaria]] and [[Romania]], resulting in an organization of 26 nations.  This spark of expansion was seen as an offensive move by [[Russia]] and caused a rift in the NATO, Russia relations. The Russian lower house released to the press a statement, &amp;quot;At present we are debating the draft statement of the State Duma which we are planning to adopt in connection with NATO's expansion eastward. Our opinion is equivocal that this act is erroneous. I think that this is a big historical mistake on the part of western states.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Afghanistan ===&lt;br /&gt;
NATO took command and co-ordination of the [[International Security Assistance Force]] (ISAF) in August 2003. When NATO and some non-member states joined (such as [[Australia]] and [[Japa]]n), the initial mission was limited to [[Kabul]], but soon expanded. In 2006, when NATO took over full command over the Afghanistan operation, the [[Taliban]] began a major campaign. Commanders complained that their forces were being restricted by national restrictions, and that they needed more troops. In November 2006, at another NATO summit in [[Riga]], NATO countries removed 15% of restrictions placed on troops. NATO called on member governments to provide more troops to their mission in Afghanistan, but several countries had their resources stretched thin in [[Kosovo]], as well as their mission in [[Iraq]] of training the new Iraqi government’s security force.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== [[Libyan uprising 2011]] ===&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Libya helicopter tigre NATO.jpg|right|280px]]&lt;br /&gt;
UN Security Council Resolution (UNSCR) 1973 of March 17, 2011 followed on the heels of Gaddafi’s public threat on March 2, 2011 to throw western oil companies out of Libya, and his invitation on March 14 to Chinese, Russian, and Indian firms to produce Libyan oil in their place.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;''[http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/3/12/7661/Business/Economy/Gaddafi-offers-Libyan-oil-production-to-India,-Rus.aspx Gaddafi offers Libyan oil production to India, Russia, China,] Agence France-Presse, March 14, 2011.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; China, Russia, India and Brazil all abstained on UNSC Resolution 1973.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Resolution 1973 authorized strict limitations, according to international law, on NATO as the organization with  responsibility for the implementation of the resolution. Particularly, it provides only for a naval blockade enforcing the arms embargo, and enforcement of a no-fly zone. On March 29, 2011, Russian envoy Dmitry Rogozin commented after a meeting with NATO officials in [[Brussels, Belgium]], that Russia expressed deep concern over the interpretation of the Security Council’s resolution, as some countries have effectively turned it into an approval for ground operations.&lt;br /&gt;
{{Cquote|[[Moscow]] has many questions about how the UN Security Council’s resolution is being carried out...First of all, there are reports that civilians have been killed in the air strikes. This is odd if you consider the message of the resolution, which says that the foreign forces’ actions should protect civilians. So it’s hard to comprehend how you can protect civilians by killing them....we demanded that the UN Security Council be fully informed about the actions of the alliance in Libya at all times...  We have reports of air strikes against convoys far from the front line. This is a far cry from the UN Security Council resolution.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://rt.com/news/coalition-libya-nato-russian-envoy/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Despite France taking the lead role in the intervention, the Congressional Research Service reports, &amp;quot;Only the United States and NATO possess the command and control capabilities necessary for coalition operations enforcing the no-fly zone over Libya.&amp;quot; France only recently rejoined the NATO alliance, in 2008, after a 40 year absence. The Congressional Research Service, which analyzes information and prepares reports for members of Congress, also states,&lt;br /&gt;
{{Cquote|In spite of statements underscoring NATO unity on steps announced to date, the initial planning and operational phases were also marked by significant levels of discord within Europe and [[NATO]] on the aims and future direction of the mission. A key point of contention was reportedly the amount of flexibility that NATO forces would be granted to protect civilians and civilian areas, as called for in paragraph 4 of UNSCR 1973. Reports indicate that French officials insisted on maintaining the ability to strike ground forces that threatened civilian areas, while their [[Turkish]] counterparts vocally opposed any targeting of ground forces. Adding to the strain within NATO, NATO ally [[Germany]] abstained from UNSCR 1973 and, opposed to any potential [[combat]] operation, on March 23, withdrew its naval assets in the [[Mediterranean]] from NATO command. Throughout the first week of operations, other European allies contributing to the mission, including Italy and Norway, expressed increasing frustration with the lack of agreement within NATO, with Norway refusing to deploy its fighter jets unless under they were under NATO command and control.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Operation Odyssey Dawn (Libya):&lt;br /&gt;
Background and Issues for Congress, ''Congressional Research Service,'' March 30, 2011, p. 20 pdf.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:NATO air strike on Tripoli Libya.jpg|left|300px|NATO air strike on Tripoli, Libya.]]&lt;br /&gt;
Of Nato's 28 members, 14 are said to be &amp;quot;actively participating,&amp;quot; but only 6 have provided military support. Of the 22-country [[Arab League]], whose appeal prompted the United Nations to vote on intervention, only [[Qatar]] and the [[United Arab Emirates]] are involved. Of the 192 members of the [[UN General Assembly]], who all have a legal &amp;quot;responsibility to protect&amp;quot; civilians attacked by their own governments, only [[Sweden]] has responded.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2011/apr/19/libya-mission-military-advisory-team&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
NATO planes and ships have been striking cities and military installations in Libya since mid-March, 2011. Allied military officials have spoken in recent weeks of the need for escalation to help protect Libyan civilians and have called for Gaddafi to step down. Libyan officials have said that NATO is picking sides in a civil war and complained that strikes on Gaddafi’s Tripoli compound are attempts to assassinate the leader of a sovereign country. NATO launched its largest airstrike against Moammar Gaddafi’s regime on May, 24, 2011, with at least 15 massive explosions rocking the Libyan capital. [http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/french-officials-france-and-britain-to-use-attack-helicopters-in-libya/2011/05/23/AFTF909G_story.html?hpid=z2]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==NATO Members==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! NATO Member&lt;br /&gt;
! NATO Summit&lt;br /&gt;
! Expansion Year &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Belgium]]&lt;br /&gt;
| Founder&lt;br /&gt;
| Original Member, 1949&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Canada]]&lt;br /&gt;
| Founder&lt;br /&gt;
| Original Member, 1949&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Denmark]]&lt;br /&gt;
| Founder&lt;br /&gt;
| Original Member, 1949&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[France]]&lt;br /&gt;
| Founder&lt;br /&gt;
| Original Member, 1949&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Iceland]]&lt;br /&gt;
| Founder&lt;br /&gt;
| Original Member, 1949&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Italy]]&lt;br /&gt;
| Founder&lt;br /&gt;
| Original Member, 1949&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Luxembourg]]&lt;br /&gt;
| Founder&lt;br /&gt;
| Original Member, 1949&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Netherlands]]&lt;br /&gt;
| Founder&lt;br /&gt;
| Original Member, 1949&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Norway]] &lt;br /&gt;
| Founder&lt;br /&gt;
| Original Member, 1949&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Portugal]]&lt;br /&gt;
| Founder&lt;br /&gt;
| Original Member, 1949&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[United Kingdom]]&lt;br /&gt;
| Founder&lt;br /&gt;
| Original Member, 1949&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[United States]]&lt;br /&gt;
| Founder&lt;br /&gt;
| Original Member, 1949&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Greece]]&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
| First Round, 1952&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Turkey]]&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
| First Round, 1952&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Germany]] &lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
| First Round, 1952 &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Spain]]&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
| Third Round, 1982&lt;br /&gt;
|-Bonn,Germany&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Czech Republic]]&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Washington, D.C.]]&lt;br /&gt;
| Fourth Round, 1999&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Hungary]]&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Washington, D.C.]] &lt;br /&gt;
|Fourth Round, 1999&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Poland]]&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Washington, D.C.]]&lt;br /&gt;
| Fourth Round, 1999&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Bulgaria]] &lt;br /&gt;
| [[Washington, D.C.]]&lt;br /&gt;
| Fifth Round, 2004 &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Estonia]]&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Istanbul, Turkey]]&lt;br /&gt;
|Fifth Round, 2004  &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Latvia]] &lt;br /&gt;
| [[Istanbul, Turkey]]&lt;br /&gt;
| Fifth Round, 2004 &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Lithuania]]&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Istanbul, Turkey]]&lt;br /&gt;
| Fifth Round, 2004 &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Romania]] &lt;br /&gt;
| [[Istanbul, Turkey]]&lt;br /&gt;
| Fifth Round, 2004 &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Slovakia]]&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Istanbul, Turkey]]&lt;br /&gt;
| Fifth Round, 2004 &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Slovenia]]&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Istanbul, Turkey]]&lt;br /&gt;
| Fifth Round, 2004 &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Albania]]&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Bucharest, Romania]]&lt;br /&gt;
| Sixth Round, 2008&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Croatia]]&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Bucharest, Romania]]&lt;br /&gt;
| Sixth Round, 2008&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External Links==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.nato.int/ NATO's Official Website]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://nobsblog.blogspot.com/1999/01/clinton-wag-dog-no-kosovo-genocide.html Clinton Wag the Dog -- No Kosovo Genocide], German Foreign Office Report, January 6, 1999.&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.fair.org/extra/9907/kosovo-crimes.html Legitimate Targets?] How U.S. Media Supported War Crimes in Yugoslavia.&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=va&amp;amp;aid=1666 The U.S.-NATO Military Intervention in Kosovo.] Triggering ethnic conflict as a pretext for intervention.&lt;br /&gt;
*NATO and Rebel Atrocities in Libya: [http://sjlendman.blogspot.com/ by Stephen Lendman.] July 14, 2011. [[Stephen Lendman]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== References ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Military Alliances]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:NATO]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[category:diplomacy]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[category:Cold War]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Afghanistan War]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>MarkN85</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=North_Atlantic_Treaty_Organization&amp;diff=890772</id>
		<title>North Atlantic Treaty Organization</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=North_Atlantic_Treaty_Organization&amp;diff=890772"/>
		<updated>2011-07-18T21:30:02Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;MarkN85: /* Beginning */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[Image:NATO1.gif‎|thumb|300px| NATO committee.]]&lt;br /&gt;
The '''North Atlantic Treaty Organization''' (NATO) is a military alliance of 26 nations, founded in 1949.  Its current secretary is [[Jaap de Hoop Scheffer]] of the [[Netherlands]]. &lt;br /&gt;
==History==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Beginning ===&lt;br /&gt;
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization was established shortly after [[World War II]] in 1949. The original members consisted of ten Western European countries, the [[United States]], and [[Canada]]. These countries formed the alliance to further the goal of security in the North Atlantic region, and they did this by ingraining the principal that an attack against one member would be considered an attack against all.  Therefore, all would respond with support to the attacked nation. In 1952 NATO began its first round of enlargement of the early alliances history, letting in [[Turkey]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Cold War ===&lt;br /&gt;
NATO acceptance of Western [[Europe]]an countries in 1955 led Soviet Russia to set up a counter organization, The [[Warsaw Treaty Organization]] (or Warsaw Pact). Common defense, the ongoing MAD strategy, and economic crisis led the [[Soviet Union]] and the Warsaw Pact to its demise. NATO’s transatlantic relations and prevention were key to the end of the [[Cold War]] and the beginning of a interlinking of United States and European policies, which still remains to this day.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Kosovo ===&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Apartment building burns in Belgrade 1999 after NATO air raids on power grid in Serbia..jpg|thumb|left|250px|Apartment building burns in Belgrade in 1999. The building caught fire as residents were cooking with firewood during a power blackout after NATO air raids on power grid in Serbia.]]&lt;br /&gt;
After the fall of the [[Soviet Union]] and the end of the [[Cold War]]. NATO had seemed to lose it purpose as it no longer had the threat of USSR. NATO began to shift its focus to from its original defense alliance to a more offensive mode. In 1999 the [[United States]] led its NATO allies on a bombing campaign to stop [[Yugoslav]] President Slobodan Milošević's ethic cleansing of the Albanians inside of [[Kosovo]]. The mission in [[Kosovo]] did not go as well as planned. After the air strikes, havoc reigned over [[Kosovo]], abuses continued and human rights organizations listed abuses committed by the Alliance members during the campaign. In an attempt to solve the violence NATO countries and the [[United Nations]] took on a mission to stabilize and reconstruct the country. A mission which is currently ongoing. The OTAN intervention was illegal, destructive, and based on fraudulent claims. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; [http://www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=va&amp;amp;aid=1666 The U.S.-NATO Military Intervention in Kosovo.] &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
James Bissett, a former Canadian ambassador to Yugoslavia, Bulgaria and Albania, wrote: &amp;quot;the Central Intelligence Agency assisted by the British Special Air Service were training KLA members in Albania and in the summer of 1998 sending them back into Kosovo to assassinate Serbian mayors, ambush Serbian policemen and intimidate hesitant Kosovo Albanians. The aim was to destabilize Kosovo and overthrow [[Serbia]]n strongman Slobodan Milosevic... The hope was that with Kosovo in flames NATO could intervene ...&amp;quot; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; [http://www.catholicapologetics.info/modernproblems/currenterrors/unation.htm The United Nations:Chief Instrument of Russia's Errors by Cornelia R. Ferreira.] CATHOLIC APOLOGETICS. &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== NATO War Crimes ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to Professor Robert Hayden from the University of Pittsburgh:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
NATO's attacks have been aimed against civilian targets since literally the first night of the bombing, when a tractor factory in the Belgrade suburb of Rakovica was destroyed by cruise missiles. Since then NATO targets have included roads, railroad tracks and bridges hundreds of miles from Kosovo, power plants, factories of many kinds, food processing and sugar processing plants, water pumping stations, cigarette factories, central heating plants for civilian apartment blocks, television studios, post offices, non-military government administrative buildings, ski resorts, government official residences, oil refineries, civilian airports, gas stations, and chemical plants. NATO's strategy is not to attack Yugoslavia's army directly, but rather to destroy Yugoslavia itself, in order to weaken the army. With this strategy it is military losses that are &amp;quot;collateral damage,&amp;quot; because most of the attacks are aimed at civilian targets.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The level of damage done to clearly non-military infrastructural targets in Serbia would seem to render NATO military commanders and at least some NATO political leaders liable to the same charge that was made against Ratko Mladi and Radovan Karadi by the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY), &amp;quot;extensive destruction of property:&amp;quot; that they&lt;br /&gt;
individually and in concert with others planned, instigated, ordered or otherwise aided and abetted in the planning, preparation or execution of the extensive, wanton and unlawful destruction of ... property, not justified by military necessity or knew or had reason to know that subordinates were about to destroy or permit others to destroy ... property or had done so and failed to take necessary and reasonable measures to prevent this destruction or to punish the perpetrators thereof.&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The war supposedly in defense of human rights has produced war crimes by NATO, and a civilian casualty rate that is at least three time higher than the casualty rate of the &amp;quot;intolerable&amp;quot; violations of human rights that NATO was supposedly acting to correct. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; [http://jurist.law.pitt.edu/hayden.htm Humanitarian Hypocrisy.] University of Pittsburgh. &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Modern History ===&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:FormerSoDDRNATO.JPG‎ |thumb|320px|Former [[United States]] [[Secretary of Defense]], [[Donald Rumsfeld]] addressing NATO]]&lt;br /&gt;
After Kosovo, NATO’s ability to be an offensive organization was in question. Some called for the abolishment of the organization, stating that it had lost it original purpose. &lt;br /&gt;
NATO began to look for its new goal in the 21 century. Then on September 11, 2001, its goal was defined. After the attacks on the [[World Trade Centers]] and [[The Pentagon|Pentagon]] by terrorist, NATO countries quickly responded to come to the [[United States]] aid as they had promise in Article Five of their founding treating. AWACS airplanes were sent on surveillance and NATO began its first and only article five mission to this day, [[Operation Active Endeavo]]r, which was a Maritime mission to protect the Mediterranean from terrorist operations and drug and WMD trafficking. After the end of the [[Cold War]], European defense spending had weakened and its military lacked technology and modernization.  In 2002, NATO met for its annual summit, which was held in [[Prague]]. The 19 country alliance made a list of improvements that its members needed to make in order to effectively fight the war on terror, these improvements called for, among other thing, a NATO Military Concept for Defense against Terrorism.  NATO members also took steps to modernize there forces, all 19 countries agreed to spend at least 2% of their GDP on defense. NATO also agreed on its new focus, terrorism. As  Spain’s former prime minster [[José María Aznar]], said, “[[Jihad]]ism has replaced Communism, as Communism replaced [[Nazi]]sm, as an existential threat to the liberal democracies.”&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Further Expansion and Russian Relations ===&lt;br /&gt;
In 2004, NATO further expanded to Eastern European countries, these included [[Estonia]], [[Latvia]], [[Lithuania]], [[Slovakia]], [[Slovenia]], [[Bulgaria]] and [[Romania]], resulting in an organization of 26 nations.  This spark of expansion was seen as an offensive move by [[Russia]] and caused a rift in the NATO, Russia relations. The Russian lower house released to the press a statement, &amp;quot;At present we are debating the draft statement of the State Duma which we are planning to adopt in connection with NATO's expansion eastward. Our opinion is equivocal that this act is erroneous. I think that this is a big historical mistake on the part of western states.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
=== Afghanistan ===&lt;br /&gt;
NATO took command and co-ordination of the [[International Security Assistance Force]] (ISAF) in August, 2003. When NATO and some non-member states joined (such as [[Australia]] and [[Japa]]n), the initial mission was limited to [[Kabul]], but soon expanded. In 2006, when NATO took over full command over the Afghanistan operation, the [[Taliban]] began a major campaign. Commanders complained that their forces were being restricted by national caveats and also that they needed more troops. In the November of 2006, at another NATO summit in [[Riga]], NATO countries removed 15% of caveats placed on troops. NATO called on member governments to provide more troops to their mission in Afghanistan but countries capability's were stretched thin in [[Kosovo]] as well as their mission in [[Iraq]] of training the new Iraqi government’s security force.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== [[Libyan uprising 2011]] ===&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Libya helicopter tigre NATO.jpg|right|280px]]&lt;br /&gt;
UN Security Council Resolution (UNSCR) 1973 of March 17, 2011 followed on the heels of Gaddafi’s public threat on March 2 to throw western oil companies out of Libya, and his invitation on March 14 to Chinese, Russian, and Indian firms to produce Libyan oil in their place.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;''[http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/3/12/7661/Business/Economy/Gaddafi-offers-Libyan-oil-production-to-India,-Rus.aspx Gaddafi offers Libyan oil production to India, Russia, China,] Agence France-Presse, March 14, 2011.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; China, Russia, India and Brazil all abstained on UNSC Resolution 1973.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Despite France taking the lead role in the intervention, the Congressional Research Service reports, &amp;quot;Only the United States and NATO possess the command and control capabilities necessary for coalition operations enforcing the no-fly zone over Libya.&amp;quot; France only recently rejoined the NATO alliance, in 2008, after a 40 year absence. The Congressional Research Service, which analyzes information and prepares reports for members of Congress, also states,&lt;br /&gt;
{{Cquote|In spite of statements underscoring NATO unity on steps announced to date, the initial planning and operational phases were also marked by significant levels of discord within Europe and [[NATO]] on the aims and future direction of the mission. A key point of contention was reportedly the amount of flexibility that NATO forces would be granted to protect civilians and civilian areas, as called for in paragraph 4 of UNSCR 1973. Reports indicate that French officials insisted on maintaining the ability to strike ground forces that threatened civilian areas, while their [[Turkish]] counterparts vocally opposed any targeting of ground forces. Adding to the strain within NATO, NATO ally [[Germany]] abstained from UNSCR 1973 and, opposed to any potential [[combat]] operation, on March 23, withdrew its naval assets in the [[Mediterranean]] from NATO command. Throughout the first week of operations, other European allies contributing to the mission, including Italy and Norway, expressed increasing frustration with the lack of agreement within NATO, with Norway refusing to deploy its fighter jets unless under they were under NATO command and control.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Operation Odyssey Dawn (Libya):&lt;br /&gt;
Background and Issues for Congress, ''Congressional Research Service,'' March 30, 2011, p. 20 pdf.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:NATO air strike on Tripoli Libya.jpg|left|300px|NATO air strike on Tripoli, Libya.]]&lt;br /&gt;
Of Nato's 28 members, 14 are said to be &amp;quot;actively participating,&amp;quot; but only 6 have provided military support. Of the 22-country [[Arab League]], whose appeal prompted the United Nations to vote on intervention, only [[Qatar]] and the [[United Arab Emirates]] are involved. Of the 192 members of the [[UN General Assembly]], who all have a legal &amp;quot;responsibility to protect&amp;quot; civilians attacked by their own governments, only [[Sweden]] has responded.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2011/apr/19/libya-mission-military-advisory-team&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Resolution 1973 authorized strict limitations, according to international law, on NATO as the organization with  responsibility for the implementation of the resolution. Particularly, it provides only for a naval blockade enforcing the arms embargo, and enforcement of a no-fly zone. On March 29, 2011, Russian envoy Dmitry Rogozin commented after a meeting with NATO officials in [[Brussels, Belgium]], that Russia expressed deep concern over the interpretation of the Security Council’s resolution, as some countries have effectively turned it into an approval for ground operations.&lt;br /&gt;
{{Cquote|[[Moscow]] has many questions about how the UN Security Council’s resolution is being carried out...First of all, there are reports that civilians have been killed in the air strikes. This is odd if you consider the message of the resolution, which says that the foreign forces’ actions should protect civilians. So it’s hard to comprehend how you can protect civilians by killing them....we demanded that the UN Security Council be fully informed about the actions of the alliance in Libya at all times...  We have reports of air strikes against convoys far from the front line. This is a far cry from the UN Security Council resolution.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://rt.com/news/coalition-libya-nato-russian-envoy/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
NATO planes and ships have been striking cities and military installations in Libya since mid-March, 2011. Allied military officials have spoken in recent weeks of the need for escalation to help protect Libyan civilians and have called for Gaddafi to step down. Libyan officials have said that NATO is picking sides in a civil war and complained that strikes on Gaddafi’s Tripoli compound are attempts to assassinate the leader of a sovereign country. NATO launched its largest airstrike against Moammar Gaddafi’s regime on May, 24, 2011, with at least 15 massive explosions rocking the Libyan capital. [http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/french-officials-france-and-britain-to-use-attack-helicopters-in-libya/2011/05/23/AFTF909G_story.html?hpid=z2]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(NATO, which came into being through a treaty as a defensive military force, had been illegally transformed without the benefit of a treaty into an offensive military force. [http://www.aim.org/aim-column/obama%E2%80%99s-war-in-libya-is-illegal-and-unconstitutional/])&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
NATO and Rebel Atrocities in Libya: [http://sjlendman.blogspot.com/ by Stephen Lendman.] July 14, 2011. [[Stephen Lendman]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==NATO Members==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! NATO Member&lt;br /&gt;
! NATO Summit&lt;br /&gt;
! Expansion Year &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Belgium]]&lt;br /&gt;
| Founder&lt;br /&gt;
| Original Member, 1949&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Canada]]&lt;br /&gt;
| Founder&lt;br /&gt;
| Original Member, 1949&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Denmark]]&lt;br /&gt;
| Founder&lt;br /&gt;
| Original Member, 1949&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[France]]&lt;br /&gt;
| Founder&lt;br /&gt;
| Original Member, 1949&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Iceland]]&lt;br /&gt;
| Founder&lt;br /&gt;
| Original Member, 1949&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Italy]]&lt;br /&gt;
| Founder&lt;br /&gt;
| Original Member, 1949&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Luxembourg]]&lt;br /&gt;
| Founder&lt;br /&gt;
| Original Member, 1949&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Netherlands]]&lt;br /&gt;
| Founder&lt;br /&gt;
| Original Member, 1949&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Norway]] &lt;br /&gt;
| Founder&lt;br /&gt;
| Original Member, 1949&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Portugal]]&lt;br /&gt;
| Founder&lt;br /&gt;
| Original Member, 1949&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[United Kingdom]]&lt;br /&gt;
| Founder&lt;br /&gt;
| Original Member, 1949&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[United States]]&lt;br /&gt;
| Founder&lt;br /&gt;
| Original Member, 1949&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Greece]]&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
| First Round, 1952&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Turkey]]&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
| First Round, 1952&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Germany]] &lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
| First Round, 1952 &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Spain]]&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
| Third Round, 1982&lt;br /&gt;
|-Bonn,Germany&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Czech Republic]]&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Washington, D.C.]]&lt;br /&gt;
| Fourth Round, 1999&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Hungary]]&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Washington, D.C.]] &lt;br /&gt;
|Fourth Round, 1999&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Poland]]&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Washington, D.C.]]&lt;br /&gt;
| Fourth Round, 1999&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Bulgaria]] &lt;br /&gt;
| [[Washington, D.C.]]&lt;br /&gt;
| Fifth Round, 2004 &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Estonia]]&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Istanbul, Turkey]]&lt;br /&gt;
|Fifth Round, 2004  &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Latvia]] &lt;br /&gt;
| [[Istanbul, Turkey]]&lt;br /&gt;
| Fifth Round, 2004 &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Lithuania]]&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Istanbul, Turkey]]&lt;br /&gt;
| Fifth Round, 2004 &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Romania]] &lt;br /&gt;
| [[Istanbul, Turkey]]&lt;br /&gt;
| Fifth Round, 2004 &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Slovakia]]&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Istanbul, Turkey]]&lt;br /&gt;
| Fifth Round, 2004 &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Slovenia]]&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Istanbul, Turkey]]&lt;br /&gt;
| Fifth Round, 2004 &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External Links==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.nato.int/ NATO's Official Website]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://nobsblog.blogspot.com/1999/01/clinton-wag-dog-no-kosovo-genocide.html Clinton Wag the Dog -- No Kosovo Genocide], German Foreign Office Report, January 6, 1999.&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.fair.org/extra/9907/kosovo-crimes.html Legitimate Targets?] How U.S. Media Supported War Crimes in Yugoslavia.&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=va&amp;amp;aid=1666 The U.S.-NATO Military Intervention in Kosovo.] Triggering ethnic conflict as a pretext for intervention.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== References ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Military Alliances]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:NATO]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[category:diplomacy]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[category:Cold War]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Afghanistan War]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>MarkN85</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Mitch_McConnell&amp;diff=890771</id>
		<title>Mitch McConnell</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Mitch_McConnell&amp;diff=890771"/>
		<updated>2011-07-18T21:27:33Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;MarkN85: /* U.S. Senate */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Officeholder&lt;br /&gt;
|name=Mitch McConnell&lt;br /&gt;
|image=McConnell.jpg&lt;br /&gt;
|party=[[Republican]]&lt;br /&gt;
|spouse=[[Elaine Chao]]&lt;br /&gt;
|religion=Baptist&lt;br /&gt;
|offices=&lt;br /&gt;
	{{Officeholder/senator&lt;br /&gt;
	|state=Kentucky&lt;br /&gt;
	|terms=January 3, 1985 - Present&lt;br /&gt;
	|preceded=[[Walter Huddleston]]&lt;br /&gt;
	|former=n&lt;br /&gt;
	|succeeded=&lt;br /&gt;
	}}&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Addison Mitchell &amp;quot;Mitch&amp;quot; McConnell, Jr.''', born February 20, 1942 (age {{age|1942|2|20}}), is the senior [[Republican]] United States Senator from [[Kentucky]] and the Senate [[Minority Leader]] in the 111th [[Congress]]. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Early Life==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
McConnell was born in [[Tuscumbia]], [[Alabama]] to Julia Shockley and Addison Mitchell McConnell and raised in south [[Louisville]], Kentucky, he attended duPont Manual High School and graduated from the [[University of Louisville]] College of Arts and Sciences with honors in 1964, where he was student body president and member of Phi Kappa Tau. He graduated in 1967 from the [[University of Kentucky]] College of Law, where he was elected president of the Student Bar Association. McConnell gained experience on Capitol Hill as an intern under Senator [[John Sherman Cooper]], later as an assistant to Senator [[Marlow Cook]], and was a Deputy Assistant Attorney General under President [[Gerald R. Ford]]. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==U.S. Senate==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
McConnell was elected to the Senate in 1984 when he defeated two-term [[Democratic]] Senator Dee Huddleston. Since then he has been reelected four times. After the 2006 elections, he was unanimously elected Senate Minority Leader, previously serving as Majority Whip. He is married to former Secretary of Labor [[Elaine Chao]]. McConnell has been very involved in Republican party politics. He was chairman of the [[National Republican Senatorial Committee]] during the 1998 and 2000 election cycles. In both, Republicans maintained control of the [[Senate]]. McConnell is viewed as a [[conservative]] on nearly all issues, receiving an 89% lifetime rating from the [[American Conservative Union]]. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.acuratings.org/2008all.htm#KY&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; However, he was one of just three Senate Republicans who voted against a Constitutional ban on [[Flag Desecration Amendment|flag desecration]]. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=109&amp;amp;session=2&amp;amp;vote=00189&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
McConnell offered offshore [[oil]] drilling resolutions on the Senate floor in July 2008. He was intent on setting a trigger to initiate drilling if the price exceeds a certain mark. First he offered to drill if gas prices hit $4.50 a gallon. This was rejected by Democrats. Then he offered a trigger at $5.50 a gallon, $7.50 a gallon and $10 per gallon, with Democrats rejecting each offer.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.humanevents.com/article.php?id=27826 Breaking: Dems like $10 per Gallon Gasoline] Human Events, July 31, 2008&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Mitch McConnell managed to hold onto his senate seat in the 2008 elections, which saw a Democratic surge, just short of a supermajority.  Mitch McConnell is widely regarded within the Republican Party as an adept Minority Leader. The filibuster strategy used by the Democrats was first pushed by McConnell.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External Links==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[http://mcconnell.senate.gov Sen. McConnell's Official Web Site]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{DEFAULTSORT:McConnell, Mitch}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:United States Senators]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Republican Party]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: 110th United States Congress]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:111th United States Congress]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Reagan Era]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:The 100 Americans The Left Hates Most]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>MarkN85</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Incentive&amp;diff=890770</id>
		<title>Incentive</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Incentive&amp;diff=890770"/>
		<updated>2011-07-18T21:20:36Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;MarkN85: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;An '''incentive''' is usually some sort of reward (or a threat of punishment) that persuades a person to complete a task. Many companies use incentives to entice new customers to their business. For example, car manufacturers offer incentives to consumers, such as 0% financing, cash back offers or lifetime warranties, to bring in business. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Of course, the main incentive for Americans is their paycheck. Employers can also choose to increase productivity at their firms via incentive pay.  Under incentive pay, performing tasks that go above and beyond one's responsibilities at a firm can result in a bonus for that individual or consideration for a promotion. Performing below expectations can result in less incentive pay, involuntary termination of employment, or the employee leaving the firm, as they are not getting paid as much as their productive counterparts.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Incentives do not have to be financial in nature; studies have shown that non-financial [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1467089507000292 performance incentives can also improve productivity at the workplace].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Economics terms]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Business]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>MarkN85</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Social_media&amp;diff=888575</id>
		<title>Social media</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Social_media&amp;diff=888575"/>
		<updated>2011-07-12T21:08:48Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;MarkN85: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''Social media''' is a term for websites and/or applications that allow users to share information and communicate with other users in a &amp;quot;social&amp;quot; setting.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Characteristics of Users==&lt;br /&gt;
Unfortunately, many users become addicted to such sites.  In fact, 2010 statistics for Facebook show users spend more than 928 million hours per month playing online games &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://socialtimes.com/facebook-gamers-hours-per-month_b24156 Facebook Gamers Play 927 Million Hours of Games Per Month [Infographic], Social Times, October 18, 2010]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;.  This addictive behavior results in: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*depression [http://www.mobiledia.com/news/85472.html]&lt;br /&gt;
*lower academic and job-related achievement by those who spend time there{{fact}}&lt;br /&gt;
*interference with the development of good, lasting relationships&lt;br /&gt;
*displacement of healthy social gatherings{{fact}}&lt;br /&gt;
*increased likelihood of divorce&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.aaml.org/about-the-academy/press/press-releases/e-discovery/big-surge-social-networking-evidence-says-survey- AAML press release] &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
*higher exposure to [[cyberbullying]] and other online threats. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://mg.co.za/article/2011-05-10-a-million-children-being-bullied-on-facebook 'A million children being bullied on Facebook', Mail&amp;amp;Guardian Online, May 10, 2011]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Social media experts and psychologists have noted that many users find the need to constantly update their status, check on other's statuses or play games suffer from what is known as &amp;quot;Facebook Addiction Disorder.&amp;quot;  The &amp;quot;disorder&amp;quot; was shown to be prevalent in young people, as a study showed that college students who were asked to abstain from facebook for 24 hours experienced helplessness, loneliness, and anxiety&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.dailystar.com.lb/Culture/Lifestyle/2011/Jul-09/Spending-hours-updating-your-status-You-may-be-a-Facebook-addict.ashx#axzz1RvVMJJOr Spending hours updating your status? You may be a Facebook addict] The Daily Star, July 9, 2011 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Criticism of Social Media==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Despite several social media websites boasting large numbers of users, active user percentages have slowed or declined in recent times.  For example, facebook reported only a 1.7% month to month increase in active users&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.buzzom.com/2011/06/facebooks-growth-rate-is-dropping-says-report/ Facebook’s Growth Rate is Dropping, says Report] Buzzom.com, June 13, 2011&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;.  Social media critics have noted that these sites often promote &amp;quot;hive-mind&amp;quot; behavior, where many users band together behind one ideology.  In June 2011, users of the website [[Reddit]] crashed White House phone lines&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://caivn.org/article/2011/06/18/internet-activists-crash-white-house-phone-lines-calling-end-war-drugs INTERNET ACTIVISTS CRASH WHITE HOUSE PHONE LINES CALLING FOR AN END TO THE WAR ON DRUGS] CA Independent Voter Network, June 18, 2011&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Benefits of Social Media==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Republicans and conservatives, however, [[Twitter#Prominence|have been able to utilize the social media site Twitter more than their Democratic counterparts]].  Success of [[Tea Party]] rallies are a result of organizers utilizing social media, such as Facebook and Twitter, to engage volunteers and spread the word&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2009/04/11/organizers-recipes-effective-tea-parties/ Organizers Give Recipes for Effective Tea Parties] Fox News, April 11, 2009&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Employers have also used social media sites to vet potential employees, particularly to see if potential hires have engaged in sexist or racist commentary or displayed photos of illegal activities&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.itworld.com/it-managementstrategy/176227/have-you-cleaned-your-facebook-profile-your-next-job-may-depend-it Cleaned up your Facebook profile yet? Your next job may depend on it.] IT World, June 21, 2011&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Politicians who embrace [[Facebook]] seem to enjoy a short-term boost in popularity followed by a long-term decline in credibility.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[[Barack Obama]] and [[Sarah Palin]] are two examples of this.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Popular Social Media Sites==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Facebook]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Twitter]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[LinkedIn]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External Links==&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.deseretnews.com/article/700139450/Priest-cautions-flock-against-allowing-children-on-Facebook.html Priest cautions flock against allowing children on Facebook]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Online social networking]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Websites]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>MarkN85</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=X_Corp.&amp;diff=888559</id>
		<title>X Corp.</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=X_Corp.&amp;diff=888559"/>
		<updated>2011-07-12T18:54:38Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;MarkN85: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:Twitter logo.jpg|right|160px]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Twitter, Inc.''' is  a social networking tool that has rapidly emerged as a new medium of online [[news]] distribution. The free microblogging [[website]], where users can submit messages containing 140 characters or less to their followers, was co-founded by [[Jack Dorsey]] and Evan Williams. ''Twitter'' is a privately funded startup established by Obvious.com in [[San Francisco]], on March 21, 2006. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://mashable.com/2009/03/21/happy-birthday-twitter/ Happy Birthday Twitter!] Mashable&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://cellphones.about.com/od/textmessaging/a/twittertexting.htm Twitter: Free Microblogging Service Perhaps the Perfect Mobile Blogging Tool, About.com, August 16, 2008]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Usage==&lt;br /&gt;
Twitter allows users to follow others, share status updates and / or news via &amp;quot;tweets,&amp;quot; or republish another user's status update (referred to as a &amp;quot;retweet&amp;quot;). If a subject is popular enough, it can become a trending topic worldwide, and is displayed on the main website.  Corporations can also pay Twitter to have a &amp;quot;Sponsored Trend&amp;quot; appear in the trending topics column. Twitter has made URL shorterners (such as ow.ly, bit.ly, tinyurl.com, and goo.gl, to name a few) popular, as they allow long URLs to be shortened and posted within a tweet.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As a simple messaging tool, the website states: &lt;br /&gt;
{{cquote|Twitter asks one question, &amp;quot;What are you doing?&amp;quot; Answers must be under 140 characters in length and can be sent via mobile texting, instant message, or the web. The result of using Twitter to stay connected with friends, relatives, and coworkers is that you have a sense of what folks are up to but you are not expected to respond to any updates unless you want to.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Twitter [[API]] allows developers to create applications for computers and mobile phones that allow users to filter their twitter feed, as well as track click-through rates, manage multiple accounts, or log-in to a website using their Twitter login.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Per 2011 figures, they are a fast growing company with over 200 million registered users worldwide, with an average of 65 million tweets daily. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://online.wsj.com/article_email/SB10001424052748703716904576134543029279426-lMyQjAxMTAxMDAwOTEwNDkyWj.html Twitter as Tech Bubble Barometer, Wall Street Journal, February 10, 2011]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; As of 2009, the major search engines integrated tweets into the search results. Twitter achieved its first profits by signing search engine contracts with Google and [[Bing]]. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/dec2009/tc20091220_549879.htm Content-Search Deals Make Twitter Profitable, BusinessWeek, December 21, 2009]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The company has an enormous market capitalization of 10-15 billion dollars. Twitter has rejected takeover offers worth hundreds of millions of dollars from [[Google]] and [[Facebook]]. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Many celebrities, national sports figures and members of [[Congress]] &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Members_of_Congress_who_Twitter Members of Congress who Twitter] Source Watch Encyclopedia&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; have verified Twitter accounts and anybody can follow their posts. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==About The CEO==&lt;br /&gt;
Evan Williams, Jack Dorsey's partner, started the website ''Blogger'', which he sold to ''Google''.&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Twitter office space.jpg|thumb|Twitter office space (Photo by Jennifer Woodard Maderazo).]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Twitter Phenom==&lt;br /&gt;
The site is such a popular destination that new news articles about Twitter appear daily. In fact, one tweet by Daniel Knight Hayden, 52, which stated that he would massacre hundreds attending an Oklahoma City [[Tax Day Tea Party]] led to him being arrested by the FBI. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://news.cnet.com/8301-1023_3-10227769-93.html?tag=newsEditorsPicksArea.0 FBI accuses Twitter user of massacre threats] CNet, April 26, 2009&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  Tweets of popular celebrities and politicians have also been commented on in the [[mainstream media]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Prominence==&lt;br /&gt;
Thus far, Republicans have been more adept at utilizing Twitter than Democrats.  Republicans occupy 18 of the top 20 spots in terms of followers for politicians on Twitter as of January 2010. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://newsbusters.org/blogs/lachlan-markay/2010/01/14/study-twitter-republicans-dominate-dems Study: On Twitter, Republicans Dominate Dems, NewsBusters.org, January 14, 2010]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The study, &amp;quot;Twongress: The Power of Twitter in Congress,&amp;quot; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.eyeonfda.com/files/twongress-white-paper-final-1-14-10.pdf Twongress: The Power of Twitter in Congress (PDF), Eyeonfda.com, January 2010]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; showed twice as many Republicans use Twitter even though there were far fewer Republicans in Congress at the time. ''&amp;quot;Republican (members of Congress) are outpacing their Democratic rivals in nearly every single category that was measured&amp;quot;'' &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2010/01/15/republicans-gain-twitter-edge-democrats-study/?test=latestnews Republicans Gain the Twitter Edge on Democrats, Study Shows, Fox News, January 15, 2010]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;   This has ushered a markedly different trend for Republicans, who for years have been outmatched by Democrats online.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Iranian Protesters==&lt;br /&gt;
Iranian protesters angered by the results of [[Iran]]'s disputed presidential election started to tweet marches on the government. This forced the Islamic Republic to block all cell phone messaging in June 2009, as tweets can also be submitted via text message. At the request of the U.S. State Department, Twitter delayed scheduled maintenance to allow tweets from Iranians.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In a separate incident, a group calling itself Iranian Cyber Army hacked into Twitter and defaced their homepage. They replaced the page with a bold pro-Iranian and anti-American message. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.techcrunch.com/2009/12/18/twitter-dns-attack-iran/ Twitter Hack: Part Of Broader Iranian Strategy, Techcrunch.com, December 18, 2009]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== See Also ==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Social media]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Facebook]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[MySpace]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== References ==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== External Links ==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.twitter.com Twitter Home Page]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.foxnews.com/video/index.html?playerId=videolandingpage&amp;amp;streamingFormat=FLASH&amp;amp;referralObject=3955253&amp;amp;referralPlaylistId=playlist Video - Social Networking - Twitter can get you fired], ''Fox News'', March 24, 2009&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://news.cnet.com/8301-1009_3-10075487-83.html?tag=mncol;txt U.S. Army warns of twittering terrorists]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://news.cnet.com/8301-13577_3-10439573-36.html Astronaut sends first live tweets from space]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://thehill.com/blogs/twitter-room Congressional Twitter accounts]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Online social networking]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Websites]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>MarkN85</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=South_Park&amp;diff=883967</id>
		<title>South Park</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=South_Park&amp;diff=883967"/>
		<updated>2011-06-28T18:54:16Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;MarkN85: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[Image:Southparkseason10opening.png|right|thumb|300px]]&lt;br /&gt;
'''''South Park''''' is an Emmy and Peabody award-winning animated cartoon series created by Trey Parker and Matt Stone that is shown on American cable network [[Comedy Central]]. It is controversial due to its use of vulgar and obscene language, biting humor, and questionable depictions of religion and other respected institutions. Shows have touched on [[Catholic|Catholicism]], [[Islam]], [[Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints|Mormonism]], [[Judaism]], [[Scientology]], and made jokes about [[Jesus]], [[Moses]], [[Muhammad]] and other religious leaders. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Premise==&lt;br /&gt;
Taking place in the small town of South Park, Colorado, the show follows four friends: Stan, Kyle, Kenny and Cartman.  Due to the low quality animation that South Park utilizes, the majority of episodes are made in less than a week, allowing for the creators to change their storylines at the last minute.  For example, an early episode entitled ''Quintuplets 2000'' was changed to reflect the controversy surrounding Elian Gonzalez at the time.  In fact, many of the situations depicted are parodies of current events in politics and pop culture.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A running gag in the early seasons revolved Kenny dying in every episode, often in brutal ways, but his character would return the following episode, fully alive and with no one commenting on his previous death(s).  The tradition was abandoned when Kenny was &amp;quot;killed off&amp;quot; for good for several seasons, before returning.  &lt;br /&gt;
==Movie==&lt;br /&gt;
Of the 1999 ''South Park'' movie, ''South Park: Bigger, Longer, &amp;amp; Uncut,'' movie reviewer [[Roger Ebert]] said &amp;quot;The film is rated R instead of NC-17 only because it's a cartoon, I suspect; even so, the [[MPAA]] has a lot of 'splaining to do,&amp;quot; meaning presumably that Ebert believes it should have been rated NC-17. &amp;quot;Waves of four-letter words roll out over the audience,&amp;quot; he says. Parker and Stone have stated that they pressured the MPAA into giving the film an 'R' rating, as it had been given an NC-17 rating three times previously despite minor edits. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.pluggedinonline.com/movies/movies/a0001322.cfm&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A frequent criticism of ''South Park'' is that it indulges in shock for shock's sake. Ebert says of the film, &amp;quot;All it lacks is a point to its message. What is it saying? That movies have gone too far, or that protests against movies have gone too far? It is a sign of our times that I cannot tell. Perhaps it's simply anarchistic, and feels that if it throws enough shocking material at the wall, some of it will stick. A lot of the movie offended me.&amp;quot; However, he acknowledges, &amp;quot;I laughed. I did not always feel proud of myself while I was laughing, however.... No target is too low, no attitude too mean or hurtful, no image too unthinkable.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/19990630/REVIEWS/906300301/1023&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A month later, Ebert modified his opinion: &amp;quot;I gave 'South Park' a marginal thumbs down (2.5 stars) because of what I called the movie's mean spirit, but I did like its intelligence and energy, and as the smoke clears from the summer of 1999 it's clear to me that this was a movie that took chances and made scathing criticisms of the broken-down [[MPAA rating system]]. I got carried away by my immediate reaction; but at least I was right when I called it 'the most slashing political commentary of the year'.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/19990829/ANSWERMAN/908290306&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Reception==&lt;br /&gt;
''South Park'' has been praised for its often blunt [[Libertarianism|libertarian]] viewpoints on many political, moral, and social issues of the day. For example, in &amp;quot;Chinpokomon&amp;quot; (a satire of the Pokemon craze), the boys learn that blindly following a trend can be dangerous, and that it's best to just be yourself. In &amp;quot;Super Best Friends,&amp;quot; we discover that [[Jesus]], [[Muhammad]], [[Buddha]], [[Moses]], [[Joseph Smith]], and [[Krishna]] are all friends, even though countries have gone to war over them.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Politics==&lt;br /&gt;
Parker and Stone describe themselves as &amp;quot;equal opportunity offenders&amp;quot; and some episodes have made fun of liberal causes, particularly environmentalism and support for legalized [[abortion]]. Other episodes have ridiculed the anti-immigration movement and other conservative causes. Despite this, the show usually does not outrightly condemn any social group; to date, only [[terrorism|terrorists]] and pedophiles have been given such treatment by the show. While [[Scientology]] itself has been heavily mocked, the creators have expressed sympathy for those who have been drawn into it. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There is a form of anti-censorship, libertarian-leaning conservatism known as &amp;quot;South Park Republicans&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;South Park Conservatives.&amp;quot; The creators are uneasy about stating their political views (even hesitating to declare themselves libertarians) &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Charlie Rose interview, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VqtLudQtIGs &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;, though they note that of all the different groups they mock, [[Hollywood values|Hollywood Liberals]] display the most indignance. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Interview on The Hour, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QLyVm4Rr2eo &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Matt Stone has stated, &amp;quot;I hate conservatives, but I really (expletive) hate liberals.&amp;quot; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.manhattan-institute.org/html/_rp-hate_conservatives.htm&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; As of recently, however, South Park has taken a more liberal tone, including mocking [[Glenn Beck]] and portraying [[Tea Party|&amp;quot;The Pissed Off And Angry Party&amp;quot;]] as sexually-insecure men who lack knowledge about government.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This show is known as an equal opportunity offender of religions and popular for making people laugh at the expense of others. Nearly every episode uses the [[Lord]]'s name in vain. Their depictions of the prophet Mohammed may even get the show's creators killed as extremist Muslims have issued death threats. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.wnd.com/?pageId=144313 Islamic warning to 'South Park' still 'remains', WND, April 22, 2010]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Controversies==&lt;br /&gt;
After the episode ''Trapped in the Closet'', an episode which dealt with Scientology, Isaac Hayes left the show in 2006.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.boston.com/news/local/articles_of_faith/2008/08/south_park_scie.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  Following Isaac's departure, the character of Chef was killed off the following season.  Chef's death was a parody of the third episode of the [[Star Wars]] saga, which left the possibility of Chef returning to the show.  However, following Isaac's death in 2008, the character will obviously not return.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 2010, the episodes ''200'' and ''201'', the 200th and 201st episodes respectively, caused controversy for depicting Muhammad.  The celebrities that South Park has mocked over the years band together, and they decide that they need Muhammad, as they believe he is &amp;quot;unmockable,&amp;quot; given the reactions to a Danish newspaper's printing of critical cartoons of Muhammad.  Following the airing of the episode 200, threats were made against the creators of South Park.  In ''201'', several minutes of dialogue at the end of the episode were bleeped out.  The episodes are not available for streaming on the internet or on Netflix on Demand.  Despite the flurry of controversy surrounding the depiction of Muhammad, the prophet was depicted in the episode ''Super Best Friends'' with no controversy.&lt;br /&gt;
==Main Characters==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The vast majority of episodes focus on four native South Park boys in the third and later fourth grade, often referred to as just &amp;quot;the boys&amp;quot;.  The creators of South Park have stated that their personalities are usually reflected through Kyle &amp;amp; Stan.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Stan Marsh===&lt;br /&gt;
Stan is voiced by co-creator Trey Parker and is more or less a filter for his personality and experiences. Though possessing a foul mouth and other shortcomings that typify his age, Stan is basically a good kid, with above-average intelligence and a strong sense of morality. He is the best friend of Kyle Broflovski, a good friend of Kenny McCormick, and about the closest thing to a friend that Eric Cartman can ever expect to have. He comes from a typical middle-class household. His father Randy is a geologist and his mother Sharon is a stay-at-home mom. Typical of the adult characters on South Park, both parents are frequently irrational, but they are also shown to genuinely love their son.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Kyle Broflovski===&lt;br /&gt;
What Trey Parker is to Stan, co-creator Matt Stone is to Kyle. Similar to Stan in many ways, Kyle is arguably more intelligent and moral than Stan. His father Gerald is a lawyer, and his mother is a stay-at-home mom prone to moral outrage and stereotypical &amp;quot;Jewish mother&amp;quot; mannerisms. He and his family are [[Jewish]], though religion does not seem to play a major role in Kyle's day-to-day life. Kyle will commonly give the moral of an episode at the end, often with the prelude &amp;quot;you know, I learned something today.&amp;quot; In the season 13 episode &amp;quot;Margaritaville&amp;quot; this tendency was brought to messianic proportions, where he is depicted as a &amp;quot;[[prophet]]&amp;quot; of the economy by telling residents that the economy is an abstract concept created by people, not a vengeful entity, and that it requires faith to function. The town council (an impromptu collection of adults led by Randy Marsh, who claims that America has angered the economy) hears of this &amp;quot;young Jew spreading heresy about the economy&amp;quot; and sets up a [[Judas]] figure (obviously, Cartman) to capture him. Kyle evades capture and instead uses a credit card with no spending limit to write off the debts of the other South Park residents.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Kenny McCormick===&lt;br /&gt;
Originally more of a gimmick character, Kenny was killed in every episode of seasons 1-5, and then died &amp;quot;permanently&amp;quot; at the end of 5. This &amp;quot;permanent death&amp;quot; lasted until season 7, at which point he became a regular character who still died occasionally, though as before with no consequence to future episodes. Between season 5 and 7, Kenny's soul was &amp;quot;trapped in Cartman's body&amp;quot; after Eric Cartman confused his ashes with hot chocolate. After drinking these ashes, Cartman began having Kenny's memories and speaking his statements. Kenny is considerably poorer than the other boys, with a run-down house governed by parents who frequently abuse alcohol and engage in domestic violence. Despite this he gets along fine with his better-off friends and does not in general get made fun of for his poverty (except by Eric Cartman). He is &amp;quot;voiced&amp;quot; by Matt Stone, though this is of little consequence as everything he says is mumbled incomprehensibly from an over-sized orange parka. The other characters, however, seem to understand him. For the 1999 movie, Kenny removed his parka, revealing his face and blonde hair color, to say &amp;quot;Goodbye, you guys&amp;quot; (this line was voiced by [[Mike Judge]], creator of [[Beavis &amp;amp; Butt-head]] and [[King of the Hill]]). In one episode written after the movie, Kenny's legible speech and face appeared again, though he was wearing different clothes, and it was not obvious that he was Kenny until he had died.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Eric Cartman===&lt;br /&gt;
Often just called &amp;quot;Cartman,&amp;quot; he is arguably the main character of the show. He is obese, bigoted, narcissistic, and generally sociopathic; he was originally conceived as an eight-year-old version of Archie Bunker from [[All in the Family]]. He is very antagonistic towards Kyle, largely because of Kyle's ethnicity. (Cartman is anti-Semitic and admires [[Adolf Hitler]].) Fights between the two, usually stemming from mocking each character's respective obesity and ethnicity, have become a centerpiece of the show. Ironically, however, each has saved the other's life twice. All three of the other boys are open about their dislike for Cartman, but they still usually refer to him as their friend. Cartman has been shown to be extremely intelligent and manipulative, and he has a dark charisma that makes him a natural leader of the boys in times of adventure. Cartman's sociopathy has been traced to his upbringing by a single mother, Lianne. Lianne encourages Eric's obesity, and treats him like a friend instead of a son, thus not disciplining him. Lianne, a &amp;quot;crack whore&amp;quot; in the show, was also the name of Trey's former fiancee who Trey saw cheating with another man.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Leopold &amp;quot;Butters&amp;quot; Stotch===&lt;br /&gt;
Though not originally a main character, Butters has seen considerable airtime since season 5 and is often considered the &amp;quot;breakout character&amp;quot; of the show. He is kind, wholesome, and trusting to a fault - in other words, he is basically the opposite of Cartman, and many episodes have been devoted to the relationship between the two. His parents are [[mentally ill]], with his father showing obsessive-compulsive behavior and mother having issues with anxiety and panic. Butters' mother attempted to kill him in one episode. During season 6 when Kenny was absent, Butters briefly filled in as the fourth boy. This eventually fell through, but he has been shown to have a friendly relationship with the other boys since then.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;small&amp;gt;&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/small&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== External Links ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0121955/ IMDB Website]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Television Shows]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.southparkstudios.com South Park Official Website]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>MarkN85</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=American_Telephone_and_Telegraph&amp;diff=883960</id>
		<title>American Telephone and Telegraph</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=American_Telephone_and_Telegraph&amp;diff=883960"/>
		<updated>2011-06-28T18:36:13Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;MarkN85: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''American Telephone and Telegraph (AT&amp;amp;T)''' is the 20th largest telephone company worldwide. The original American Telephone &amp;amp; Telegraph, sometimes referred to as &amp;quot;The Bell System&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;Ma Bell,&amp;quot; was split into eight separate regional bell operating companies in 1984 following an antitrust lawsuit. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The eight &amp;quot;Baby Bells&amp;quot; have since merged into three corporations: AT&amp;amp;T Inc., [[Verizon Communications]], and [[Qwest Communications]]. AT&amp;amp;T Inc., also known as &amp;quot;the new AT&amp;amp;T,&amp;quot; was formed with the purchase of AT&amp;amp;T Corporation by SBC Communications. The name &amp;quot;AT&amp;amp;T&amp;quot; was kept because of its international recognition.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Present Company==&lt;br /&gt;
Today, AT&amp;amp;T provides landline telephone service, television, high speed internet (via DSL or through U-Verse), and wireless phone service.  In 2004, following the acquisition of AT&amp;amp;T by SBC Global Communcations, Cingular Wireless was rebranded as AT&amp;amp;T Mobility.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 2011, AT&amp;amp;T Mobility announced that their intention to purchase T-Mobile USA from Deutsche Telekom.  If the sale goes through, AT&amp;amp;T Mobility will surpass Verizon Wireless and become the largest wireless provider in the United States&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.engadget.com/2011/03/20/atandt-agrees-to-buy-t-mobile-from-deutsche-telekom/ AT&amp;amp;T agrees to buy T-Mobile USA from Deutsche Telekom for $39 billion (update)] Engadget, March 20, 2011&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;.  &lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Companies]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Technology]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist|1}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>MarkN85</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=PlayStation&amp;diff=882319</id>
		<title>PlayStation</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=PlayStation&amp;diff=882319"/>
		<updated>2011-06-23T22:01:57Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;MarkN85: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;The '''Sony PlayStation''' is a video game system developed by [[Sony]].  Originally released in December 1994, the PlayStation is in its third iteration (known as the PlayStation 3 or PS3 for short).  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==PlayStation 1 (PSX)==&lt;br /&gt;
The original PlayStation was released in December of 1994 in Japan, and in the United States in September 1995.  The release was an enormous success for Sony, as it became the first video game system to sell over 100 million units nine years after its release.  The success of the system also led to several popular game series, including the continuation of [[Final Fantasy]], [[Ridge Racer]], and [[Crash Bandicoot]].  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The original PlayStation supported CDs, as opposed to cartridges that were used by rival Nintendo.  Games could be saved through a memory card that plugged into the front of the system.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==PlayStation 2 (PS2)==&lt;br /&gt;
The second iteration of the PlayStation was released in 2000.  The PS2 became the best-selling console of all time, reaching 150 million units sold in January 2011.  The PS2 boasted better graphics than its predecessor, the ability to play video DVDs in addition to video games, and later, online gaming.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==PlayStation 3 (PS3)==&lt;br /&gt;
Sony's most current version of the PlayStation system is the PS3.  The PS3 initially launched in 2006.  Initial reviews were critical, with most reviewers criticizing the high price point and a lack of high quality video games.  However, the hardware and Blu-Ray capabilities were praised, as at the time, the PS3 was one of the cheaper Blu-Ray players on the market.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The PS3 underwent several hardware revisions, including a removal of backwards comparability with PS2 titles, slimming the system down, and changing the size of the hard drive in the system.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Playstation 3 Controversies==&lt;br /&gt;
After vulnerabilities were discovered in the PlayStation 3 firmware that allowed for unauthorized programs to be run, Sony forced a firmware upgrade that removed the option to install Linux on the PS3.  The slim versions of the PS3 automatically came with this feature removed.  This led to several class-action lawsuits being filed, the results of which are still pending.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In April 2011, the PlayStation Network, an online gaming network that allows users to download and purchase games from the PlayStation Store, as well as play against others online, was hacked.  As a result, the network shutdown for over a month, leading to millions of dollars in lost income for Sony and video game companies.  Following the restoration of the network, users were allowed to download two free games, were enrolled in identity theft protection for a year, and were given a free month of PlayStation Plus, a program that allows users to purchase certain titles at discounts.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Electronics]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Video Game Systems]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>MarkN85</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=IPhone&amp;diff=882307</id>
		<title>IPhone</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=IPhone&amp;diff=882307"/>
		<updated>2011-06-23T21:41:34Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;MarkN85: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{lowercase}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The [[Apple Inc.|Apple]] '''iPhone''' is a next-generation [[cell phone]] built with [[internet|web]] capability in &amp;quot;true-web&amp;quot; fashion; rather than viewing &amp;quot;mobile&amp;quot; versions of web-pages, as is common on other mobile devices, it uses a [[touch screen]] panel, enabling the user to navigate a full-size [[web page]]. In the United States, the iPhone has been exclusive to the [[American Telephone and Telegraph|AT&amp;amp;T Mobility]] network, but the latest version was made available on the [[Verizon Communications|Verizon Wireless]] network in February 2011.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Other Applications ==&lt;br /&gt;
Aside from cellular phone capabilities, and web-viewing, the iPhone also offers (through partnership with [[Google|Google Maps]]), a full-featured map application that users can use anywhere in the [[United States]], over AT&amp;amp;T's [[EDGE]] data network. Other standard [[Personal Digital Assistant|PDA]] capabilities were included, too, such as [[Microsoft Outlook]] synchronization capability.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 2008, with the release of the iPhone 2.0 operating system (later renamed to iOS 2.0), users were able to download applications via the App Store.  Applications distributed by Apple must adhere to several restrictions, which has led to much controversy, as well as several groups developing unofficial software that can be installed on an iPhone via &amp;quot;jailbreaking.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Release and Price Controversy ==&lt;br /&gt;
The iPhone was released in the United States on 29 June 2007 to wide acclaim.  Upon release the iPhone was capable only of usage on the [[AT&amp;amp;T]] network, and retailed (depending on memory size) for $500 and $600. The pricing of the device rapidly made it a luxury and status symbol, although it restricted availability to most other users.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Only 69 days after the release, though, on 5 September 2007, Apple slashed the prices of the device to $400 for the model formerly priced at $600, and discontinued selling the lower-capacity $500 model. This quick price cut - aside from being very uncommon in Apple's tradition of delayed price cuts - inflamed some so-called &amp;quot;early adopters,&amp;quot; or those who had purchased the iPhone in the preceding two months, and now had no recourse against Apple's seemingly capricious price cut. Apple founder [[Steve Jobs]], conscious of his company's image, quickly offered a $100 credit to the [[iTunes]] Music Store to every early adopter who could not otherwise obtain price relief from a return or exchange.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Starting in 2008 with the release of the iPhone 3g, AT&amp;amp;T, and later Verizon Wireless, reduced the cost of the iPhone when a two year contract is signed.  In May 2011, AT&amp;amp;T released a version of the iPhone 4.0 that comes factory unlocked, although at a much steeper price&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://articles.cnn.com/2011-06-14/tech/unlocked.iphone.available_1_iphone-32gb-model-gsm-network?_s=PM:TECH Unlocked iPhone 4 now available in the U.S.] CNN.com, June 14, 2011&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Notable Oversights ==&lt;br /&gt;
Despite the iPhone's technological breakthroughs, it initially lacked several features that users have come to expect of [[Personal Digital Assistant|PDAs]], such as a copy and paste feature, [[Bluetooth]] synchronization capability, and a customizable ringtone. The latter of these two features, within one week of the iPhone's release, were available to users who were willing to &amp;quot;[[hack]]&amp;quot; their device to add such functionality, a practice known as &amp;quot;jailbreaking&amp;quot;. Copy and paste functionality and bluetooth were announced for iPhone OS 3.0, and ringtones are now available via the [[iTunes]] store.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Also, many AT&amp;amp;T customers were befuddled that the iPhone's designers had not taken the chance to use AT&amp;amp;T's [[3G]] mobile data network, a considerably faster and more usable framework than the included EDGE compatibility. Apple stated that the EDGE network was used to prolong battery life, as the battery on the original iPhone would not last long on 3G. The newest version of the iPhone is now capable of utilizing the 3G network.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 2010, AT&amp;amp;T dropped support for unlimited data plans and began offering limited data plans to new customers&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.wired.com/gadgetlab/2010/06/att-adds-iphone-tethering-kills-unlimited-data-for-ipad-smartphones/ AT&amp;amp;T Adds iPhone Tethering, Kills Unlimited Data for iPad, Smartphones] Wired Magazine, June 2, 2010&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;.  Users in large metropolitan areas, such as San Francisco, New York City, Chicago and Minneapolis have all reported extremely slow data speeds with AT&amp;amp;T, as AT&amp;amp;T has been unable to keep up with the demand of data usage by their customers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
At release, the iPhone sorely disappointed consumers because it lacked an [[Adobe]] Flash Player. Since November 2010 the Skyfire browser, which is available in iTunes app store for an additional charge, plays Flash. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;www.wired.com/gadgetlab/2010/11/skyfire-iphone-app/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Privacy and Spyware Concerns===&lt;br /&gt;
The iOS app store offers many free and paid apps, although some have been found to be spyware.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://blogs.computerworld.com/14568/iphone_apps_are_spyware_panic iPhone Spyware]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;[http://blogs.wsj.com/wtk-mobile/ What they know mobile]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
Furthermore, some have expressed concern over Apple's new tracking patent, which describes a system that could:&lt;br /&gt;
* Take pictures of the user&lt;br /&gt;
* Record user's voice, even when not calling&lt;br /&gt;
* Determine user's heartbeat &amp;quot;signature&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
* Determine if the device has been hacked&lt;br /&gt;
* Monitor internet activity&lt;br /&gt;
While this is said to be an innovation on anti-theft software, identifying unauthorized users, some have called this spyware.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2010/08/steve-jobs-watching-you-apple-seeking-patent-0 EFF IPhone article]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{Reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Apple Inc.]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[category:technology]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>MarkN85</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Melbourne&amp;diff=874624</id>
		<title>Melbourne</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Melbourne&amp;diff=874624"/>
		<updated>2011-06-01T19:38:21Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;MarkN85: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;''' Melbourne''' is [[Australia]]'s second largest city, and the capital of the state of [[Victoria]]. Melbourne is the collective name for the City of Melbourne and greater suburban area, and is home to 4 million people.&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Melbourne tram 250.jpg|thumb|A Melbourne tram.]]&lt;br /&gt;
The City of Melbourne is located on the banks of the [[Yarra River]] and is renowned for its parks and gardens. The Victorian state parliament is located in the inner city. The Greater Melbourne area has an extensive system of street [[tram]]s and suburban [[railway]] lines.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Greater Melbourne area surrounds Port Phillip Bay. Due to a rapid increase in population and a consequent increase in land and house values, the metropolitan area now extends almost to the tip of the Mornington Peninsula and the City of [[Geelong]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Melbourne is famous for being the home of the Australian Football League and for its large [[Greece|Greek]] community.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As a major city of Australia, Melbourne is considered the sporting and cultural capital of the country. Melbourne hosts the Australian Open each year in January and has extensive sporting facilities, including the renowned Melbourne Cricket Ground. Melbourne also has many art galleries, such as the National Gallery of Victoria. Each year, Melbourne also hosts the internationally recognized Melbourne Comedy Festival in April. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==History==&lt;br /&gt;
In 1835, English explorer John Batman discovered the area that would later become the north and central areas of Melbourne.  Batman purchased the land from the local population, although as settlements expanded in Australia, the area was eventually purchased by English government, although the residents and town were allowed to remain in the area.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Economy==&lt;br /&gt;
Industrial development and the rise of manufacturing caused the population to shift gradually from rural areas to cities during the early 1920s&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Goodman, R. (1999). &amp;quot;Industrialisation in Australia&amp;quot;. Prenwell Press&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;. In addition, farming remained prevalent. The economy was hard-hit by the [[Great Depression]], resulting in lower prices for farmers, layoffs among iron miners, and industrial unrest. Compounding the adversity, the Northern region were hit by a severe drought. The [[Civilian Conservation Corps]] and other programs around the state established some jobs for Indians on their reservations, and the [[Indian Reorganization Act]] of 1934 provided the tribes with a mechanism of self-government. This measures assisted the Indigenous population, giving them a greater voice within the state, and promoted more respect for tribal customs because religious ceremonies and [[native language]]s were no longer suppressed.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Today, Melbourne is home to the largest port in Australia, which provides substantial income for the city and state. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Transport ==&lt;br /&gt;
Melbourne has a reasonably extensive [[freeway]] network, as well as a large suburban railway system, and one of the largest tram systems in the world.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Earlier freeways radiated out from the fringes of the inner city, but in more recent times a freeway has been built connecting three of these radial freeways through the inner city, and a ring road has been constructed around the outer suburbs to the west and north.&lt;br /&gt;
A freeway running north-south through the eastern suburbs is currently (2007) under construction.&lt;br /&gt;
The inner city connecting freeway and the north-south freeway under construction are both electronically [[toll]]ed.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The railway system is broad gauge (5' 3&amp;quot;) and electrified at 1500 volts D.C. on overhead wires.&lt;br /&gt;
It is a radial system based on the inner city, with [[underground]] lines around the central business district, allowing services from most lines to serve all the CBD's five [[station]]s.&lt;br /&gt;
Services operate seven days a week, from around 5 a.m. to midnight on most days, and generally with 15 or 20-minute frequencies in off-peak times, and more frequently in peak times.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Melbourne's tram system is standard gauge (4' 8&amp;amp;frac12;&amp;quot;) and electrified at 600 volts D.C. on overhead wires.&lt;br /&gt;
Although it is mostly a radial system, there are several cross-suburban lines.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Melbourne's public transport (suburban railway, tram system, and buses) are privately operated under contract to the State Government and share a common time-based fare and ticketing system.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A feature of Melbourne's tram system is that some of the trams  have been converted to operating restaurants that take diners on a tour of the city.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Facts about Melbourne ==&lt;br /&gt;
* Rock music is especially popular in Melbourne, leading to one alley in the city to be officially renamed AC/DC Lane.  Many of the alleyways in Melbourne are covered with rock music posters or graffiti related to that music genre.&lt;br /&gt;
* Melbourne was the temporary capital of Australia from Federation in 1901 to the transfer of the government to [[Canberra]] in 1927.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;MelbOrg&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.ga.gov.au/education/facts/capital/v.htm Melbourne, Victoria] (Australian Government, Geoscience Australia)&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* Melbourne's Greek community is reputed to be the second largest in the world.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;MelbOrg&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[http://www.melbourneaustralia.org/melbourne.html Melbourne, Victoria, Australia], Melbourne Travel Guide.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* Melbourne's Italian community is reputed to be the largest outside [[Italy]].&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;MelbOrg&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* Melbourne's tram system is the largest in an English-speaking country, the largest in the southern hemisphere, and one of the largest in the world.&lt;br /&gt;
* Melbourne was the site of the 1956 [[Olympic Games]] and the 2006 [[Commonwealth Games]].&lt;br /&gt;
* Melbourne was portrayed in the 1959 [[Stanley Kramer]] movie ''On the Beach'' (starring [[Ava Gardner]]) as the last pocket of civilisation following a global nuclear war.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://us.imdb.com/title/tt0053137/ On the Beach] (Internet Movie Database)&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
* Melbourne is the most southerly city in the world with a population of over 1,000,000 people.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9108743/Melbourne#361049.hook Melbourne] Encyclopedia Britannica.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
*It is also home to the Australian Formula One Grand Prix.&lt;br /&gt;
*Melbourne is pronounced as &amp;quot;Mel-ben&amp;quot;.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==See also==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Melbourne Australia Temple]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==For further reading==&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.melbourne.vic.gov.au/ City of Melbourne official site]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== References ==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist|2}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Australian Cities and Towns]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>MarkN85</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Australian_economy&amp;diff=874619</id>
		<title>Australian economy</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Australian_economy&amp;diff=874619"/>
		<updated>2011-06-01T19:26:28Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;MarkN85: /* Exports and Imports */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[Australia]] is a Developed Country with a Capitalist economy. It has a very small population compared to other Western Countries like the [[USA]] and the [[UK]] but despite this it is in the top 15 Countries by Gross Domestic Product (a measure of wealth of a nation).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Exports and Imports== &lt;br /&gt;
The economy of Australia is very different to that of other developed countries.  For example, there  is a nearly equal amount of exports compared to imports, which is generally not seen in Western Economies. This is mainly due to the fact that Australia is vast and rich in natural resources, and exports items such as coal, gold, meat, wool, iron ore, wheat and machinery.  Australia has maintained trade links with various countries throughout history, but more recently with the economic boom of China and India exports (especially natural resources) have experienced a spike in growth. In 2008, China was 2nd while India was 4th on the Australian exports list, and China was 1st on Australia’s Imports list.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Strong growth==&lt;br /&gt;
Australia’s strong trade market is generally attributed to its 2 decades of continuous growth at above average rates. This is really remarkable after considering the fact that there have been 2 recessions in that time frame (the Early 2000s recession and the current recession). Australia is the only western nation that isn’t in recession currently due to the Global Economic crisis. Australia’s GDP reached over $1 trillion in the mid - late 2000’s and this has been the result of the booming trade in some states like Western Australia where the exports account for twice as much value than their imports. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Businesses== &lt;br /&gt;
Businesses are attracted to Australia for a number of factors which include: &lt;br /&gt;
	&lt;br /&gt;
* The fact that Australia is the fastest place in the world in which to start a business (according to the World Bank) &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Strategic location in the fast-growing Asia–Pacific region&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Economic and political stability &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* And a good and stable financial and legal system. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Unemployment==&lt;br /&gt;
The unemployment rate in Australia is currently 5.5% and despite the Global financial crisis the unemployment rate had never went over 6%, instead peaking at at only 5.8% in October 2009. This is unlike the US where the unemployment rate went over 10% despite massive stimulus. [http://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/markets/total-employment-soars-by-35200-amid-consensus-for-10000-australian-bureau-of-statistics/story-e6frg926-1225819149211] [http://www.news.com.au/business/jobless-rate-falls-to-55pc-in-december/story-e6frfm1i-1225819147794]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Further reading==&lt;br /&gt;
* Official Statistics -- [http://www.dfat.gov.au/GEO/fs/aust.pdf]  &lt;br /&gt;
* General Overview -- [http://www.traveldocs.com/au/economy.htm]&lt;br /&gt;
* Detailed overview -- [http://www.dfat.gov.au/facts/global_economy.pdf]&lt;br /&gt;
* CIA World Factbook -- [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/as.html]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Australia]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>MarkN85</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Debate:_Was_Osama_really_killed_in_Abbottabad%3F&amp;diff=868370</id>
		<title>Debate: Was Osama really killed in Abbottabad?</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Debate:_Was_Osama_really_killed_in_Abbottabad%3F&amp;diff=868370"/>
		<updated>2011-05-12T21:03:04Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;MarkN85: /* NO */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{debate}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==YES==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Yes, Osama bin Laden was killed during a raid that occurred on May 1, 2011 in Abottabad, Pakistan.  One argument made in opposition is that there are no photos, so how can we prove he's dead?  The same people who advance this talking point fail to show any real evidence that he is either alive somewhere, or died years ago.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
One example is the claim that Benazir Bhutto told BBC in an interview that he was murdered in 2007.  However, in an interview a day later, when asked where bin Laden is, [http://edition.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0711/03/cnr.06.html she told CNN that General Musharraf knew where bin Laden was and was hiding him.]  She also spoke of bin Laden being alive to Greta Van Susteren in November of 2007 after the BBC interview, to NPR, and to the BBC again.  I believe the explanation that there was an error in translation, or she simply misspoke, as Bhutto was actually referring to Khalid Sheikh Muhammad's murder of Daniel Pearl.  Besides, if I was interviewing someone and they told me that they knew bin Laden was murdered, I certainly would ask follow-up questions or investigate further.  You're also assuming that multiple media outlets across the world colluded together to &amp;quot;hide the truth.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Furthermore, if he is dead, where have the movies and recordings been coming from where he mentions current and ongoing events?  Granted, he could have pre-recorded a message of his that was released on the 60th anniversary of Israel prior to his death, but in another, he mentions the election of Barack Obama.  That assumes he was at least alive until 2007-2008.  Additionally, these tapes have been verified as bin Laden, not only by the American government, but a variety of governments worldwide.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If he is still alive, where is he being held?  What good does it do to keep him alive?  Sure, you could get plenty of intelligence out of him, but there were stashes of computers and data found in his compound.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Now, I could understand and question if the United States threw a missile at his compound, reduced it to rubble and claimed he was dead.  But, in saying that he's not dead, there's an implication that the US Navy Seals and the Obama administration are colluding to deceive the American public.  Besides, there isn't any benefit, other than a temporary bump in the polls, that Obama could receive from lying about bin Laden.  As of yet, he hasn't called for an immediate withdrawal from Afghanistan, nor has he declared the War on Terror over.  The elections are still 18 months away, a lifetime in politics, and there is no major legislation that the administration was trying to pass that needed a bump in support that an operation like this would provide.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In a case like this, I believe that the burden of proof really resides on the deniers.  The only news sources I could find that discuss whether or not he is dead mainly poke huge holes through the deniers' stories and dismiss them as a fringe movement.  Yes, there have been citizens of Pakistan who claim he's not dead, as well as a statement released by his family.  However, they are either asking for evidence he's dead, and they don't offer any proof that he isn't dead.  If I asked 25 random people on the street what color the sky was, I'm sure at least one would say something besides blue, but I wouldn't use that as evidence that the sky is indeed not blue.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
And it's not a liberal media conspiracy either, as conservative news sources, including most of the top conservative news sources listed on this site, have either dismissed the theories or have not provided any support.  Additionally, many of the theories concerning bin Laden still being alive require way too many jumps in logic that just aren't backed up by any evidence whatsoever.  The only &amp;quot;famous&amp;quot; person advocating these theories that I could find is Cindy Sheehan.  Hell, even al Qaeda confirmed he's dead!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Finally, if you did get the pictures, would you be satisfied of his death? I think a vast majority would, but as with the birther movement, there will still be that teeny tiny percentage that will ignore any evidence that contradicts their theory.  And if you got the DNA sample, what would you compare it to?  Would you know how to analyze it?  --[[User:MarkN85|MarkN85]] 15:11, 11 May 2011 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
That's by far the simplest and most likely explanation given the reactions of all the world governments, the United States, and Al Qaeda themselves. As with the moon landing and 9/11, there will always be debatable trivia (flag ripples, type of collapse, beard color), but it's unconvincing, speculative, and isn't connected to a strong alternate theory (the conspiracy are all more convoluted and farfetched). There's no doubt in my mind that we landed on the moon, that the World Trade Center collapsed because it was hit by planes hijacked by terrorists, and that a SEAL team shot bin Laden. I don't want to get too bogged down on the small points, which other people will argue,but the burial at sea was the most elegant solution --- you don't get accused of parading the body around and lose goodwill, and you don't leave it in Muslim hands where people may make it a shrine. There's not much Obama does well, but this time he did all right because he basically took the advice of his security advisors who knew much more than he did about fighting Al Qaeda and didn't stick to the misguided ideas from his campaign. Some day there will be books describing the campaign in detail and I'm sure it will be clear that the hardworking, serious people concerned with national security had more to do with it than any politician.[[User:KingHanksley|KingHanksley]] 12:34, 12 May 2011 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==NO==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In my opinion Osama was not killed in Abbottabad. The governments refusal to publish pictures of his corpse and the &amp;quot;burial at sea&amp;quot;, which contradicts muslim funeral rites leave some very big question marks. The published videos also don't seem satisfactory to me. The fact that Osama coloured his beard is a bit too convenient to explain some Osama tapes, that are speculated to be fake.&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
I suspect that he was either killed long before Obama became president, or that he was not actually killed at all, but captured by Seal Team Six.--[[User:VPropp|VPropp]] 13:18, 11 May 2011 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:@MarkN85: Thanks for participating. You made some interesting arguments. I would like to address some of your points:&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
:Let's start with a misunderstanding. In my very short text, I never once mentioned the thought of a &amp;quot;liberal media conspiracy&amp;quot;; I didn't even mention the media at all. So quite a few of your points are kind of moot.&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
:As for the videos: The videos are to some part, what ignited my doubts. The fact that they just very conveniently explain, why in some videos Osama has a black beard again, irritates me. Why would a muslim man dye his beard? Just for vanity? In the arabic culture a grey beard is a sign of wisdom (not that Osama is/was a wise man). The videos could have been found in another Al-Quaeda hideout, or in the very hideout in Abbottabad, which still does not prove that Osama was killed there. Btw: Did you look at the timeline of the Osama videos and the doubts about their authenticity? In 2007, after three years of video silence, there was a new Bin Laden video, which froze the picture of him, every time he mentioned current events. Could it be that he has/had a voice double?&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
:As for the motivation of Obama to lie about the whole thing: Does Obama actually need a reason to lie? But seriously, there is no direct positive effect for Obama yet, apart from the slight bump in the polls. You're right. But the alleged death of Osama opens up a way to withdraw from Afghanistan and possibly Iraq. Obama will of course wait a bit longer till he drops that political bomb, which will give him more than a slight bump in the polls.&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
:But in the end you're right. I can't proof that Osama is still alive or died years ago. But shouldn't the burden of proof be on the one who makes the claim in the first place? Why does Obama not publish proof that can be understood by the wider public and especially by the arab people?&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; Btw: How do you explain the burial at sea, when the sons of Hussein were presented in an open casket?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
::I have no idea why he dyes his beard, but [http://www.seattlepi.com/default/article/Sen-Osama-photos-pretty-graphic-1376666.php Senator Jim Inhofe] and [http://www.wday.com/event/article/id/46814/group/News/Representative Michelle Bachmann] have seen the actual photos at the CIA, agree with the decision not to release them to the public, and his beard is dyed in those photos. --[[User:MarkN85|MarkN85]] 17:03, 12 May 2011 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Debate]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>MarkN85</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Debate:_Was_Osama_really_killed_in_Abbottabad%3F&amp;diff=868105</id>
		<title>Debate: Was Osama really killed in Abbottabad?</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Debate:_Was_Osama_really_killed_in_Abbottabad%3F&amp;diff=868105"/>
		<updated>2011-05-11T19:11:58Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;MarkN85: /* YES */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{debate}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==YES==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Yes, Osama bin Laden was killed during a raid that occurred on May 1, 2011 in Abottabad, Pakistan.  One argument made in opposition is that there are no photos, so how can we prove he's dead?  The same people who advance this talking point fail to show any real evidence that he is either alive somewhere, or died years ago.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
One example is the claim that Benazir Bhutto told BBC in an interview that he was murdered in 2007.  However, in an interview a day later, when asked where bin Laden is, [http://edition.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0711/03/cnr.06.html she told CNN that General Musharraf knew where bin Laden was and was hiding him.]  She also spoke of bin Laden being alive to Greta Van Susteren in November of 2007 after the BBC interview, to NPR, and to the BBC again.  I believe the explanation that there was an error in translation, or she simply misspoke, as Bhutto was actually referring to Khalid Sheikh Muhammad's murder of Daniel Pearl.  Besides, if I was interviewing someone and they told me that they knew bin Laden was murdered, I certainly would ask follow-up questions or investigate further.  You're also assuming that multiple media outlets across the world colluded together to &amp;quot;hide the truth.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Furthermore, if he is dead, where have the movies and recordings been coming from where he mentions current and ongoing events?  Granted, he could have pre-recorded a message of his that was released on the 60th anniversary of Israel prior to his death, but in another, he mentions the election of Barack Obama.  That assumes he was at least alive until 2007-2008.  Additionally, these tapes have been verified as bin Laden, not only by the American government, but a variety of governments worldwide.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If he is still alive, where is he being held?  What good does it do to keep him alive?  Sure, you could get plenty of intelligence out of him, but there were stashes of computers and data found in his compound.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Now, I could understand and question if the United States threw a missile at his compound, reduced it to rubble and claimed he was dead.  But, in saying that he's not dead, there's an implication that the US Navy Seals and the Obama administration are colluding to deceive the American public.  Besides, there isn't any benefit, other than a temporary bump in the polls, that Obama could receive from lying about bin Laden.  As of yet, he hasn't called for an immediate withdrawal from Afghanistan, nor has he declared the War on Terror over.  The elections are still 18 months away, a lifetime in politics, and there is no major legislation that the administration was trying to pass that needed a bump in support that an operation like this would provide.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In a case like this, I believe that the burden of proof really resides on the deniers.  The only news sources I could find that discuss whether or not he is dead mainly poke huge holes through the deniers' stories and dismiss them as a fringe movement.  Yes, there have been citizens of Pakistan who claim he's not dead, as well as a statement released by his family.  However, they are either asking for evidence he's dead, and they don't offer any proof that he isn't dead.  If I asked 25 random people on the street what color the sky was, I'm sure at least one would say something besides blue, but I wouldn't use that as evidence that the sky is indeed not blue.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
And it's not a liberal media conspiracy either, as conservative news sources, including most of the top conservative news sources listed on this site, have either dismissed the theories or have not provided any support.  Additionally, many of the theories concerning bin Laden still being alive require way too many jumps in logic that just aren't backed up by any evidence whatsoever.  The only &amp;quot;famous&amp;quot; person advocating these theories that I could find is Cindy Sheehan.  Hell, even al Qaeda confirmed he's dead!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Finally, if you did get the pictures, would you be satisfied of his death? I think a vast majority would, but as with the birther movement, there will still be that teeny tiny percentage that will ignore any evidence that contradicts their theory.  And if you got the DNA sample, what would you compare it to?  Would you know how to analyze it?  --[[User:MarkN85|MarkN85]] 15:11, 11 May 2011 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==NO==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In my opinion Osama was not killed in Abbottabad. The governments refusal to puublish pictures of his corpse and the &amp;quot;burial at sea&amp;quot;, which contradicts muslim funeral rites leave some very big question marks. The published videos also don't seem satisfactory to me. The fact that Osama coloured his beard is a bit too convenient to explain some Osama tapes, that are speculated to be fake.&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
I suspect that he was either killed long before Obama became president, or that he was not actually killed at all, but captured by Seal Team Six.--[[User:VPropp|VPropp]] 13:18, 11 May 2011 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Debate]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>MarkN85</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Osama_Bin_Laden&amp;diff=866524</id>
		<title>Osama Bin Laden</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Osama_Bin_Laden&amp;diff=866524"/>
		<updated>2011-05-05T01:06:01Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;MarkN85: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[Image:382px-AQ00100.jpg|right|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
'''Osama bin Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden''' ([[Arabic language|Arabic]]: أسامة بن محمد بن عوض بن لادن‎, Usāmah bin Muḥammad bin ‘Awaḍ bin Lādin; (born March 10, 1957 - died May 2, 2011.), commonly known as '''Osama bin Laden''' (Arabic: أسامة بن لادن), was a radical [[Sunni]] [[Muslim]], and the leader of [[al Qaeda]], a worldwide [[terrorist]] group responsible for the [[September 11, 2001 attacks]], terrorist attacks on Americans in the 1990s, and other attacks on innocent civilians in Europe, Asia, and Africa.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Family ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Bin Laden was an Arab from a Yemeni family that made a fortune in construction in [[Saudi Arabia]]. His family disowned bin Laden in 1994 and the Saudi Arabian government revoked both his passport and citizenship. He went to [[Afghanistan]] with his network of Arab allies to fight against the  Soviets in the [[Soviet-Afghan War]].  He was never aided or funded by the U.S. or the CIA. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Terrorism and Al Qaeda ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In bin Laden's declarations and writings, he asserts that American attacks against Muslims justify reciprocation by Muslims, including the killing of innocents as a part of militaristic [[jihad]]. He refers to Islamic states headed by individuals friendly to the United States as usurper states which are disloyal to [[Islam]].&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
Bin Laden and his followers were based in war-torn Sudan for most of the 1990s at the invitation of [[Hassan al-Turabi]], a powerful Sudanese political leader and terrorism supporter. In the late 1990s bin Laden issued two fatahs (declarations of holy war) against the United States for the basing of troops in the Arabian Peninsula to defend against external aggression by [[Saddam Hussein]] and because of the suffering of the Iraqi people under UN economic sanctions.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.kimsoft.com/2001/binladenwar.htm bin Laden's Declaration of War], 1998.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 1998, bin Laden and [[Ayman al-Zawahiri]], then leader of the Egyptian terrorist group called the [[Islamic Brotherhood]], announced the joining of al Qaeda and the Islamic Brotherhood to form the ''World Islamic Front for the Jihad Against Jews and Crusaders''&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; http://www.janes.com/security/international_security/news/jir/jir011003_1_n.shtml&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;. In 1998, the United States embassies in Kenya and Tanzania were destroyed by suicide bombers; the United States later indicted both bin Laden and al-Zawahiri for the attacks which killed 224 people. In retaliation the United States launched [[cruise missile]]s, however, both terrorist leaders escaped.  They then fled to Afghanistan, where al Qaeda  set up camps that were protected by the [[Taliban]] government. When the Taliban refused to turn al Qaeda terrorists over to justice, NATO invaded and liberated Afghanistan in Oct. 2001. He was almost captured but escaped to Pakistan, where local warlords continued to harbor him. Occasionally he released a recording giving new threats. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the 1990s, bin Laden also gave funding to Chechen terrorists fighting against Russia&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Central_Asia/DJ29Ag05.html]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;.  These terrorists were later responsible for the [[Beslan school siege of 2004]].  Chechens also fought in Afghanistan against U.S. forces on behalf of the Taliban&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://muslimvillage.net/story.php?id=370]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Osama White House Reactions 4 2 2011.jpg|thumb|Osama's death, White House Reactions on 5/2/2011.]]&lt;br /&gt;
Bin Laden was cited by the United States government as the most wanted terrorist. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Death in 2011 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Bin Laden was killed in a mansion outside Abbottabad, a highland town 50 km. north of Islamabad, capital of [[Pakistan]]. According to news reports, the White House, and the US Military, facial recognition, and DNA evidence confirmed the identity of the man killed as Osama bin Laden. Apparently the alleged mastermind of the 9/11 attack did not have the opportunity to surrender:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;In the room with Bin Laden, a woman, Bin Laden's wife, rushed the U.S. assaulter and was shot in the leg but not killed,&amp;quot; White House spokesman Jay Carney said. &amp;quot;Bin Laden was then shot and killed. He was not armed.&amp;quot; CIA Director [[Leon Panetta]] said in an interview on PBS television Tuesday that he did not believe Bin Laden had a chance to speak before he was shot in the face and killed. &amp;quot;To be frank, I don't think he had a lot of time to say anything,&amp;quot; Panetta said. [http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/sc-dc-0504-bin-laden-us-20110503,0,6448886.story?track=rss&amp;amp;utm_source=feedburner&amp;amp;utm_medium=feed&amp;amp;utm_campaign=Feed%3A+latimes%2Fmostviewed+%28L.A.+Times+-+Most+Viewed+Stories%29]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Reports also stated that one of his wives who was captured in the raid identified the body as well. Three men besides Bin Laden and a woman were killed during the 40-minute raid. Osama was later buried at sea in the Arabian Sea, less than a day after his death; a burial at sea leaves no marked grave (no definitive location). Several pundits have pointed out that this would prevent Islamic extremists from creating a shrine of his grave site. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Photographs of Operation and Death ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
To date, no pictures have been shown of the military operation, although ABC News showed photographs of Osama's compound after the operation was complete.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://abcnews.go.com/International/slideshow/photos-inside-osama-bin-laden-kill-zone-13508190 EXCLUSIVE: Inside the Compound Where Osama Bin Laden Was Killed] ABC News, retrieved 05/03/2011&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On May 4, 2011, Obama announced that the post-mortem photographs  of bin Laden would not be released.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;cbsnews&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;  According to CNN, the most recognizable photo of Bin Laden was taken in a hangar after the operation was complete.  However, there is a massive open head wound across both eyes, and it is considered gruesome and mangled enough that it would not be appropriate to print on the front page of a newspaper.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://whitehouse.blogs.cnn.com/2011/05/03/even-more-on-the-photos/?hpt=T1 Even more details on the OBL photos] CNN, 05/03/2011&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Republican senator and vice chairman of the Senate Intelligence Committee [[Saxby Chambliss]] of Georgia and Republican senator and member of the armed services committee [[Kelly Ayotte]] of New Hampshire claimed to have seen the post-mortem photographs of bin Laden&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;cbsnews&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-503544_162-20059739-503544.html?tag=cbsContentWrap;cbsContent Obama: I won't release bin Laden death photos] CBS News, 05/04/2011&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;, however the photos they viewed were actually fake.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://firstread.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2011/05/04/6586256-fake-out-senators-confused-over-bin-laden-photos Fake out: Senators confused over bin Laden photos] MSNBC, 05/04/2011&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Reactions to Death ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the US, news of Bin Laden's death was generally met with a mixture of relief and joy, ranging from spontaneous public gatherings to celebrate the news, to more sober reactions by victims of the September 11 attacks.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Some have withheld judgment on whether or not they believe Osama was killed, including one mother of a 9/11 victim.&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
But for Stella Olender of Chicago, her questions aren’t politically-motivated conspiracy theories, but rather the still-fresh wounds of losing a daughter, 39-year-old Christine, who died at the World Trade Center in the Sept. 11 attacks.&lt;br /&gt;
“Is it true or false? I don’t know,” Olender said in a phone interview while working at her tailoring and cleaning business in the city’s Hanson Park neighborhood.&lt;br /&gt;
Olender said she’s particularly concerned because U.S. officials have said bin Laden’s body was buried at sea but haven’t offered any photographic proof that he was killed.&lt;br /&gt;
“To me, that seems strange, that they disposed of it and no one (besides) whoever was right there knows what happened, if it’s true or false, you know?” Olender said. [http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/breaking/chibrknews-bin-laden-gone-but-not-conspiracy-theories-20110502,0,4993669.story]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
About the compound in Abbottabad where Osama died, one resident said:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
“That house is in an army area. What kind of standards does the Pakistan army have — they’re fools? If you think they’re fools, okay, Osama’s here,” said ur-Rehman. He said that he and others in the area have concluded that bin Laden was not there and that the United States staged a “drama.” [http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/bin-laden-neighbors-saw-little-amiss/2011/05/03/AF0alFjF_story.html?hpid=z2]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== See also ==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Islamic terrorism]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Afghanistan War]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Terrorism]] &lt;br /&gt;
* [[FBI Most Wanted Terrorist List]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== External links ==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://davidraygriffin.com/books/osama-bin-laden-dead-or-alive/ Osama bin Laden Dead or Alive?] by David Ray Griffin.&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-bin-laden-conspiracy-20110503,0,3052618.story?page=2 Bin Laden's sea burial fuels conspiracy theories.]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Further reading==&lt;br /&gt;
* Randal, Jonathan. ''Osama: The Making of a Terrorist'' (2004). 339 pp.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bin Laden, Osama}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Terrorists]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: al-Qaeda]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Muslims]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Afghanistan War]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>MarkN85</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Osama_Bin_Laden&amp;diff=866412</id>
		<title>Osama Bin Laden</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Osama_Bin_Laden&amp;diff=866412"/>
		<updated>2011-05-04T19:22:49Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;MarkN85: misspelling&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[Image:382px-AQ00100.jpg|right|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
'''Osama bin Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden''' ([[Arabic language|Arabic]]: أسامة بن محمد بن عوض بن لادن‎, Usāmah bin Muḥammad bin ‘Awaḍ bin Lādin; (born March 10, 1957 - died May 2, 2011.), commonly known as '''Osama bin Laden''' (Arabic: أسامة بن لادن), was a radical [[Sunni]] [[Muslim]], and the leader of [[al Qaeda]], a worldwide [[terrorist]] group responsible for the [[September 11, 2001 attacks]], terrorist attacks on Americans in the 1990s, and other attacks on innocent civilians in Europe, Asia, and Africa.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Family ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Bin Laden was an Arab from a Yemeni family that made a fortune in construction in [[Saudi Arabia]]. His family disowned bin Laden in 1994 and the Saudi Arabian government revoked both his passport and citizenship. He went to [[Afghanistan]] with his network of Arab allies to fight against the  Soviets in the [[Soviet-Afghan War]].  He was never aided or funded by the U.S. or the CIA. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Terrorism and Al Qaeda ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In bin Laden's declarations and writings, he asserts that American attacks against Muslims justify reciprocation by Muslims, including the killing of innocents as a part of militaristic [[jihad]]. He refers to Islamic states headed by individuals friendly to the United States as usurper states which are disloyal to [[Islam]].&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
Bin Laden and his followers were based in war-torn Sudan for most of the 1990s at the invitation of [[Hassan al-Turabi]], a powerful Sudanese political leader and terrorism supporter. In the late 1990s bin Laden issued two fatahs (declarations of holy war) against the United States for the basing of troops in the Arabian Peninsula to defend against external aggression by [[Saddam Hussein]] and because of the suffering of the Iraqi people under UN economic sanctions.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.kimsoft.com/2001/binladenwar.htm bin Laden's Declaration of War], 1998.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 1998, bin Laden and [[Ayman al-Zawahiri]], then leader of the Egyptian terrorist group called the [[Islamic Brotherhood]], announced the joining of al Qaeda and the Islamic Brotherhood to form the ''World Islamic Front for the Jihad Against Jews and Crusaders''&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; http://www.janes.com/security/international_security/news/jir/jir011003_1_n.shtml&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;. In 1998, the United States embassies in Kenya and Tanzania were destroyed by suicide bombers; the United States later indicted both bin Laden and al-Zawahiri for the attacks which killed 224 people. In retaliation the United States launched [[cruise missile]]s, however, both terrorist leaders escaped.  They then fled to Afghanistan, where al Qaeda  set up camps that were protected by the [[Taliban]] government. When the Taliban refused to turn al Qaeda terrorists over to justice, NATO invaded and liberated Afghanistan in Oct. 2001. He was almost captured but escaped to Pakistan, where local warlords continued to harbor him. Occasionally he released a recording giving new threats. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the 1990s, bin Laden also gave funding to Chechen terrorists fighting against Russia&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Central_Asia/DJ29Ag05.html]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;.  These terrorists were later responsible for the [[Beslan school siege of 2004]].  Chechens also fought in Afghanistan against U.S. forces on behalf of the Taliban&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://muslimvillage.net/story.php?id=370]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Osama White House Reactions 4 2 2011.jpg|thumb|Osama's death, White House Reactions on 5/2/2011.]]&lt;br /&gt;
Bin Laden was cited by the United States government as the most wanted terrorist. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Alleged Death in 2011 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Bin Laden was killed in a mansion outside Abbottabad, a highland town 50 km. north of Islamabad, capital of [[Pakistan]]. According to news reports, the White House, the US Military, facial recognition, and DNA evidence confirmed the identity of the man killed as Osama bin Laden. Apparently the alleged master mind of the 9/11 attack did not have the opportunity to surrender:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;In the room with Bin Laden, a woman, Bin Laden's wife, rushed the U.S. assaulter and was shot in the leg but not killed,&amp;quot; White House spokesman Jay Carney said. &amp;quot;Bin Laden was then shot and killed. He was not armed.&amp;quot; CIA Director [[Leon Panetta]] said in an interview on PBS television Tuesday that he did not believe Bin Laden had a chance to speak before he was shot in the face and killed. &amp;quot;To be frank, I don't think he had a lot of time to say anything,&amp;quot; Panetta said. [http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/sc-dc-0504-bin-laden-us-20110503,0,6448886.story?track=rss&amp;amp;utm_source=feedburner&amp;amp;utm_medium=feed&amp;amp;utm_campaign=Feed%3A+latimes%2Fmostviewed+%28L.A.+Times+-+Most+Viewed+Stories%29]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Reports also stated that one of his wives who was captured in the raid identified the body as well. Three men besides Bin Laden and a woman were killed during the 40-minute raid. Osama was later buried at sea in the Arabian Sea, less than a day after his death; a burial at sea leaves no marked grave and no evidence of Bin Laden's killing (no definitive location). Several pundits have pointed out that this would prevent Islamic extremists from creating a shrine of his grave site. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Photographs of Operation and Death ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
To date, no pictures have been shown of the military operation, although ABC News showed photgraphs of Osama's compound after the operation was complete.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://abcnews.go.com/International/slideshow/photos-inside-osama-bin-laden-kill-zone-13508190 EXCLUSIVE: Inside the Compound Where Osama Bin Laden Was Killed] ABC News, retrieved 05/03/2011&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On May 4, 2011, Obama announced that the post-mortem photographs  of bin Laden would not be released.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;cbsnews&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;  According to CNN, the most recognizable photo of Bin Laden was taken in a hangar after the operation was complete.  However, there is a massive open head wound across both eyes, and it is considered gruesome and mangled enough that it would not be appropriate to print on the front page of a newspaper.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://whitehouse.blogs.cnn.com/2011/05/03/even-more-on-the-photos/?hpt=T1 Even more details on the OBL photos] CNN, 05/03/2011&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Republican senator and vice chairman of the Senate Intelligence Committee [[Saxby Chambliss]] of Georgia and Republican senator and member of the armed services committee [[Kelly Ayotte]] of New Hampshire have seen the post-mortem photographs of bin Laden&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;cbsnews&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-503544_162-20059739-503544.html?tag=cbsContentWrap;cbsContent Obama: I won't release bin Laden death photos] CBS News, 05/04/2011&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Reactions to Death ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Some have withheld judgment on whether or not they believe Osama was killed, including one mother of a 9/11 victim.&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
But for Stella Olender of Chicago, her questions aren’t politically-motivated conspiracy theories, but rather the still-fresh wounds of losing a daughter, 39-year-old Christine, who died at the World Trade Center in the Sept. 11 attacks.&lt;br /&gt;
“Is it true or false? I don’t know,” Olender said in a phone interview while working at her tailoring and cleaning business in the city’s Hanson Park neighborhood.&lt;br /&gt;
Olender said she’s particularly concerned because U.S. officials have said bin Laden’s body was buried at sea but haven’t offered any photographic proof that he was killed.&lt;br /&gt;
“To me, that seems strange, that they disposed of it and no one (besides) whoever was right there knows what happened, if it’s true or false, you know?” Olender said. [http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/breaking/chibrknews-bin-laden-gone-but-not-conspiracy-theories-20110502,0,4993669.story]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
About the compound in Abbottabad where Osama died, one resident said:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
“That house is in an army area. What kind of standards does the Pakistan army have — they’re fools? If you think they’re fools, okay, Osama’s here,” said ur-Rehman. He said that he and others in the area have concluded that bin Laden was not there and that the United States staged a “drama.” [http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/bin-laden-neighbors-saw-little-amiss/2011/05/03/AF0alFjF_story.html?hpid=z2]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== See also ==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Islamic terrorism]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Afghanistan War]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Terrorism]] &lt;br /&gt;
* [[FBI Most Wanted Terrorist List]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== External links ==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://davidraygriffin.com/books/osama-bin-laden-dead-or-alive/ Osama bin Laden Dead or Alive?] by David Ray Griffin.&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-bin-laden-conspiracy-20110503,0,3052618.story?page=2 Bin Laden's sea burial fuels conspiracy theories.]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Further reading==&lt;br /&gt;
* Randal, Jonathan. ''Osama: The Making of a Terrorist'' (2004). 339 pp.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bin Laden, Osama}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Terrorists]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: al-Qaeda]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Muslims]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Afghanistan War]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>MarkN85</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Essay:Liberal_Denials_about_History&amp;diff=866400</id>
		<title>Essay:Liberal Denials about History</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Essay:Liberal_Denials_about_History&amp;diff=866400"/>
		<updated>2011-05-04T19:12:56Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;MarkN85: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Here are [[liberal]] denials about history, with the result that virtually no textbooks teach them.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== General denials ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The following truths about history are typically denied by liberal history textbooks:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
#That &amp;quot;Yankee ingenuity&amp;quot; (American inventions) far surpassed the rest of the world, and brought great wealth to it.&lt;br /&gt;
#That military battles are an essential part of history, and of preserving freedom.&lt;br /&gt;
#That there were valid reasons for past opposition to immigration which had nothing to do with racism; immigration did not enable the North to beat the South.&lt;br /&gt;
#That unions caused great harm, including senseless violence and lost jobs.&lt;br /&gt;
#That hard work was the key to the success of many Americans.&lt;br /&gt;
#That most great Americans, from Abraham Lincoln to Thomas Edison, were homeschooled.&lt;br /&gt;
#That [[Abraham Lincoln]]'s [[faith]] grew while he was President.&lt;br /&gt;
#That [[Benjamin Franklin]] abandoned the [[Deism]] of his youth later in his life.&lt;br /&gt;
#That [[Thomas Jefferson]]'s religious beliefs were not representative of the other [[Founding Fathers]].&lt;br /&gt;
#That [[Rhode Island]] and [[Thomas Jefferson]], and their view of a &amp;quot;separation of church and state,&amp;quot; had no role in the formation of the [[Constitution]].&lt;br /&gt;
#That there were [[conservative]] Presidents before [[Ronald Reagan]], such as [[George Washington]], [[James Monroe]] and [[Grover Cleveland]].&lt;br /&gt;
#That &amp;quot;anti-imperialism&amp;quot; movements against the United States were really communist or Muslim movements against Christianity, as in denying the Islamic basis for the Philippine insurgency around 1900.&lt;br /&gt;
#That the colony and state of &amp;quot;Virginia&amp;quot; was named after the &amp;quot;Virgin Queen&amp;quot; Elizabeth.&lt;br /&gt;
#That the colony and state of Maryland was named after Queen Henrietta Maria.&lt;br /&gt;
#That President [[FDR]] did not end the [[Great Depression]], and may have prolonged it.&lt;br /&gt;
#That President [[LBJ]]'s [[Great Society]] did little to alleviate poverty.&lt;br /&gt;
#That President [[Ronald Reagan]]'s foreign policy was key to ending the Cold War.&lt;br /&gt;
#That NO &amp;quot;[[triangular trade]]&amp;quot; existed in the 17th and 18th centuries with the New World&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;In fact, no specific &amp;quot;triangular&amp;quot; trade route has ever been identified and it is unlikely that there was significant sale of goods to Africa at that time.  The term was invented by an historian more than 100 years later.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
#That the [[Catholic Church]] has a history of promoting science, not suppressing it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== General bias ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
#Standard textbooks mislead students into thinking that contributions to history were somehow based more on status than by effort or Providence.  This bias is a form of [[Essay:Status Worship|status worship]].&lt;br /&gt;
#Standard textbooks emphasize material things (like race, gender, wealth, scarcity) at the expense of the more important role played by ideas and &amp;quot;the power of the pen.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
#Standard textbooks overemphasize the significance of popularity (e.g [[JFK]]).&lt;br /&gt;
#Standard textbooks mislead students into thinking that presidential elections (which are usually just determined by the economic cycle) are more significant than warranted.&lt;br /&gt;
#Standard textbooks ignore or deceive students about the fact that most great contributions to western society have been made by conservative Christians.&lt;br /&gt;
#Standard textbooks portray all presidents have being comparable in effectiveness and accomplishment, when in fact some were successful and some were failures.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Specific truths that history books deny or distort==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
#[[Rhode Island]] was the only state to separate church and state, and as a result it became the biggest importer of slaves.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&amp;quot;The largest slave trading ports in America were located in Rhode Island and soon rivaled those of Liverpool. The wealth and economy of New England was based solely on slave trading and exporting rum; and the southern most colonies were NOT part of that odious slave trade.&amp;quot;[http://www.floridareenactorsonline.com/realslavetraders.htm]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
#[[Thomas Jefferson]] was not as successful or important as liberals claim;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;For example, Jefferson was given a wealthy estate but died in substantial debt.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; He failed personally and as president, especially in his second term.&lt;br /&gt;
#[[Chivalry]] was customary throughout most of American history.&lt;br /&gt;
#The greatest corruption in government during the Grant Administration was by the Democratic-controlled &amp;quot;[[Tammany Hall]].&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
#The misnamed &amp;quot;[[Gilded Age]]&amp;quot; generated tremendous prosperity for the world, thanks to an absence of stifling regulation.&lt;br /&gt;
#[[Public school]] education in its current form in the U.S.A. is less than 100 years old.&lt;br /&gt;
#[[Atheist]] materialism lay behind the genocidal crimes of the [[Nazi]]s&lt;br /&gt;
#[[Martin Luther King]] was a Republican who preached Conservative values.&lt;br /&gt;
#[[Lenin]] was a ruthless and violent dictator who oppressed the people of the [[Soviet Union]] as thoroughly as [[Stalin]].&lt;br /&gt;
#[[Nazism]], with its insistence on the collective, was a [[left-wing]] doctrine.&lt;br /&gt;
#That the Democratic Party supported slavery, while the Republican party opposed it&lt;br /&gt;
(add more)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== References ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:United States History Essays]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>MarkN85</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Osama_Bin_Laden&amp;diff=866387</id>
		<title>Osama Bin Laden</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Osama_Bin_Laden&amp;diff=866387"/>
		<updated>2011-05-04T18:22:52Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;MarkN85: /* Photographs of Operation and Death */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[Image:382px-AQ00100.jpg|right|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
'''Osama bin Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden''' ([[Arabic language|Arabic]]: أسامة بن محمد بن عوض بن لادن‎, Usāmah bin Muḥammad bin ‘Awaḍ bin Lādin; (born March 10, 1957 - died May 2, 2011.), commonly known as '''Osama bin Laden''' (Arabic: أسامة بن لادن), was a radical [[Sunni]] [[Muslim]], and the leader of [[al Qaeda]], a worldwide [[terrorist]] group responsible for the [[September 11, 2001 attacks]], terrorist attacks on Americans in the 1990s, and other attacks on innocent civilians in Europe, Asia, and Africa.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Family ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Bin Laden was an Arab from a Yemeni family that made a fortune in construction in [[Saudi Arabia]]. His family disowned bin Laden in 1994 and the Saudi Arabian government revoked both his passport and citizenship. He went to [[Afghanistan]] with his network of Arab allies to fight against the  Soviets in the [[Soviet-Afghan War]].  He was never aided or funded by the U.S. or the CIA. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Terrorism and Al Qaeda ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In bin Laden's declarations and writings, he asserts that American attacks against Muslims justify reciprocation by Muslims, including the killing of innocents as a part of militaristic [[jihad]]. He refers to Islamic states headed by individuals friendly to the United States as usurper states which are disloyal to [[Islam]].&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
Bin Laden and his followers were based in war-torn Sudan for most of the 1990s at the invitation of [[Hassan al-Turabi]], a powerful Sudanese political leader and terrorism supporter. In the late 1990s bin Laden issued two fatahs (declarations of holy war) against the United States for the basing of troops in the Arabian Peninsula to defend against external aggression by [[Saddam Hussein]] and because of the suffering of the Iraqi people under UN economic sanctions.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.kimsoft.com/2001/binladenwar.htm bin Laden's Declaration of War], 1998.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 1998, bin Laden and [[Ayman al-Zawahiri]], then leader of the Egyptian terrorist group called the [[Islamic Brotherhood]], announced the joining of al Qaeda and the Islamic Brotherhood to form the ''World Islamic Front for the Jihad Against Jews and Crusaders''&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; http://www.janes.com/security/international_security/news/jir/jir011003_1_n.shtml&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;. In 1998, the United States embassies in Kenya and Tanzania were destroyed by suicide bombers; the United States later indicted both bin Laden and al-Zawahiri for the attacks which killed 224 people. In retaliation the United States launched [[cruise missile]]s, however, both terrorist leaders escaped.  They then fled to Afghanistan, where al Qaeda  set up camps that were protected by the [[Taliban]] government. When the Taliban refused to turn al Qaeda terrorists over to justice, NATO invaded and liberated Afghanistan in Oct. 2001. He was almost captured but escaped to Pakistan, where local warlords continued to harbor him. Occasionally he released a recording giving new threats. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the 1990s, bin Laden also gave funding to Chechen terrorists fighting against Russia&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Central_Asia/DJ29Ag05.html]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;.  These terrorists were later responsible for the [[Beslan school siege of 2004]].  Chechens also fought in Afghanistan against U.S. forces on behalf of the Taliban&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://muslimvillage.net/story.php?id=370]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Osama White House Reactions 4 2 2011.jpg|thumb|Osama's death, White House Reactions on 5/2/2011.]]&lt;br /&gt;
Bin Laden was cited by the United States government as the most wanted terrorist. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Alleged Death in 2011 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Bin Laden was killed in a mansion outside Abbottabad, a highland town 50 km. north of Islamabad, capital of [[Pakistan]]. According to news reports, the White House, the US Military, facial recognition, and DNA evidence confirmed the identity of the man killed as Osama bin Laden. Apparently the alleged master mind of the 9/11 attack did not have the opportunity to surrender:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;In the room with Bin Laden, a woman, Bin Laden's wife, rushed the U.S. assaulter and was shot in the leg but not killed,&amp;quot; White House spokesman Jay Carney said. &amp;quot;Bin Laden was then shot and killed. He was not armed.&amp;quot; CIA Director [[Leon Panetta]] said in an interview on PBS television Tuesday that he did not believe Bin Laden had a chance to speak before he was shot in the face and killed. &amp;quot;To be frank, I don't think he had a lot of time to say anything,&amp;quot; Panetta said. [http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/sc-dc-0504-bin-laden-us-20110503,0,6448886.story?track=rss&amp;amp;utm_source=feedburner&amp;amp;utm_medium=feed&amp;amp;utm_campaign=Feed%3A+latimes%2Fmostviewed+%28L.A.+Times+-+Most+Viewed+Stories%29]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Reports also stated that one of his wives who was captured in the raid identified the body as well. Three men besides Bin Laden and a woman were killed during the 40-minute raid. Osama was later buried at sea in the Arabian Sea, less than a day after his death; a burial at sea leaves no marked grave and no evidence of Bin Laden's killing (no definitive location). Several pundits have pointed out that this would prevent Islamic extremists from creating a shrine of his grave site. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Photographs of Operation and Death ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
To date, no pictures have been shown of the military operation, although ABC News showed photgraphs of Osama's compound after the operation was complete.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://abcnews.go.com/International/slideshow/photos-inside-osama-bin-laden-kill-zone-13508190 EXCLUSIVE: Inside the Compound Where Osama Bin Laden Was Killed] ABC News, retrieved 05/03/2011&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On May 4, 2011, Obama announced that the post-mortem photographs  of bin Laden would not be released.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;cbsnews&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;  According to CNN, the most recognizable photo of Bin Laden was taken in a hangar after the operation was complete.  However, there is a massive open head wound across both eyes, and it is considered gruesome and mangled enough that it would not be appropriate to print on the front page of a newspaper.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://whitehouse.blogs.cnn.com/2011/05/03/even-more-on-the-photos/?hpt=T1 Even more details on the OBL photos] CNN, 05/03/2011&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Republican senator and vice chairman of the Senate Intelligence Committee [[Saxby Chambliss]] of Georgia and Republican senator and member of the armed services committee [[Kelly Ayote]] of New Hampshire have seen the post-mortem photographs of bin Laden&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;cbsnews&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-503544_162-20059739-503544.html?tag=cbsContentWrap;cbsContent Obama: I won't release bin Laden death photos] CBS News, 05/04/2011&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Reactions to Death ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Some have withheld judgment on whether or not they believe Osama was killed, including one mother of a 9/11 victim.&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
But for Stella Olender of Chicago, her questions aren’t politically-motivated conspiracy theories, but rather the still-fresh wounds of losing a daughter, 39-year-old Christine, who died at the World Trade Center in the Sept. 11 attacks.&lt;br /&gt;
“Is it true or false? I don’t know,” Olender said in a phone interview while working at her tailoring and cleaning business in the city’s Hanson Park neighborhood.&lt;br /&gt;
Olender said she’s particularly concerned because U.S. officials have said bin Laden’s body was buried at sea but haven’t offered any photographic proof that he was killed.&lt;br /&gt;
“To me, that seems strange, that they disposed of it and no one (besides) whoever was right there knows what happened, if it’s true or false, you know?” Olender said. [http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/breaking/chibrknews-bin-laden-gone-but-not-conspiracy-theories-20110502,0,4993669.story]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
About the compound in Abbottabad where Osama died, one resident said:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
“That house is in an army area. What kind of standards does the Pakistan army have — they’re fools? If you think they’re fools, okay, Osama’s here,” said ur-Rehman. He said that he and others in the area have concluded that bin Laden was not there and that the United States staged a “drama.” [http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/bin-laden-neighbors-saw-little-amiss/2011/05/03/AF0alFjF_story.html?hpid=z2]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== See also ==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Islamic terrorism]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Afghanistan War]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Terrorism]] &lt;br /&gt;
* [[FBI Most Wanted Terrorist List]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== External links ==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://davidraygriffin.com/books/osama-bin-laden-dead-or-alive/ Osama bin Laden Dead or Alive?] by David Ray Griffin.&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-bin-laden-conspiracy-20110503,0,3052618.story?page=2 Bin Laden's sea burial fuels conspiracy theories.]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Further reading==&lt;br /&gt;
* Randal, Jonathan. ''Osama: The Making of a Terrorist'' (2004). 339 pp.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bin Laden, Osama}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Terrorists]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: al-Qaeda]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Muslims]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Afghanistan War]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>MarkN85</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Osama_Bin_Laden&amp;diff=866385</id>
		<title>Osama Bin Laden</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Osama_Bin_Laden&amp;diff=866385"/>
		<updated>2011-05-04T18:21:30Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;MarkN85: cleanup and wikified sections; better flow of updated information&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[Image:382px-AQ00100.jpg|right|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
'''Osama bin Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden''' ([[Arabic language|Arabic]]: أسامة بن محمد بن عوض بن لادن‎, Usāmah bin Muḥammad bin ‘Awaḍ bin Lādin; (born March 10, 1957 - died May 2, 2011.), commonly known as '''Osama bin Laden''' (Arabic: أسامة بن لادن), was a radical [[Sunni]] [[Muslim]], and the leader of [[al Qaeda]], a worldwide [[terrorist]] group responsible for the [[September 11, 2001 attacks]], terrorist attacks on Americans in the 1990s, and other attacks on innocent civilians in Europe, Asia, and Africa.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Family ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Bin Laden was an Arab from a Yemeni family that made a fortune in construction in [[Saudi Arabia]]. His family disowned bin Laden in 1994 and the Saudi Arabian government revoked both his passport and citizenship. He went to [[Afghanistan]] with his network of Arab allies to fight against the  Soviets in the [[Soviet-Afghan War]].  He was never aided or funded by the U.S. or the CIA. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Terrorism and Al Qaeda ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In bin Laden's declarations and writings, he asserts that American attacks against Muslims justify reciprocation by Muslims, including the killing of innocents as a part of militaristic [[jihad]]. He refers to Islamic states headed by individuals friendly to the United States as usurper states which are disloyal to [[Islam]].&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
Bin Laden and his followers were based in war-torn Sudan for most of the 1990s at the invitation of [[Hassan al-Turabi]], a powerful Sudanese political leader and terrorism supporter. In the late 1990s bin Laden issued two fatahs (declarations of holy war) against the United States for the basing of troops in the Arabian Peninsula to defend against external aggression by [[Saddam Hussein]] and because of the suffering of the Iraqi people under UN economic sanctions.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.kimsoft.com/2001/binladenwar.htm bin Laden's Declaration of War], 1998.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 1998, bin Laden and [[Ayman al-Zawahiri]], then leader of the Egyptian terrorist group called the [[Islamic Brotherhood]], announced the joining of al Qaeda and the Islamic Brotherhood to form the ''World Islamic Front for the Jihad Against Jews and Crusaders''&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; http://www.janes.com/security/international_security/news/jir/jir011003_1_n.shtml&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;. In 1998, the United States embassies in Kenya and Tanzania were destroyed by suicide bombers; the United States later indicted both bin Laden and al-Zawahiri for the attacks which killed 224 people. In retaliation the United States launched [[cruise missile]]s, however, both terrorist leaders escaped.  They then fled to Afghanistan, where al Qaeda  set up camps that were protected by the [[Taliban]] government. When the Taliban refused to turn al Qaeda terrorists over to justice, NATO invaded and liberated Afghanistan in Oct. 2001. He was almost captured but escaped to Pakistan, where local warlords continued to harbor him. Occasionally he released a recording giving new threats. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the 1990s, bin Laden also gave funding to Chechen terrorists fighting against Russia&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Central_Asia/DJ29Ag05.html]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;.  These terrorists were later responsible for the [[Beslan school siege of 2004]].  Chechens also fought in Afghanistan against U.S. forces on behalf of the Taliban&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://muslimvillage.net/story.php?id=370]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Osama White House Reactions 4 2 2011.jpg|thumb|Osama's death, White House Reactions on 5/2/2011.]]&lt;br /&gt;
Bin Laden was cited by the United States government as the most wanted terrorist. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Alleged Death in 2011 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Bin Laden was killed in a mansion outside Abbottabad, a highland town 50 km. north of Islamabad, capital of [[Pakistan]]. According to news reports, the White House, the US Military, facial recognition, and DNA evidence confirmed the identity of the man killed as Osama bin Laden. Apparently the alleged master mind of the 9/11 attack did not have the opportunity to surrender:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;In the room with Bin Laden, a woman, Bin Laden's wife, rushed the U.S. assaulter and was shot in the leg but not killed,&amp;quot; White House spokesman Jay Carney said. &amp;quot;Bin Laden was then shot and killed. He was not armed.&amp;quot; CIA Director [[Leon Panetta]] said in an interview on PBS television Tuesday that he did not believe Bin Laden had a chance to speak before he was shot in the face and killed. &amp;quot;To be frank, I don't think he had a lot of time to say anything,&amp;quot; Panetta said. [http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/sc-dc-0504-bin-laden-us-20110503,0,6448886.story?track=rss&amp;amp;utm_source=feedburner&amp;amp;utm_medium=feed&amp;amp;utm_campaign=Feed%3A+latimes%2Fmostviewed+%28L.A.+Times+-+Most+Viewed+Stories%29]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Reports also stated that one of his wives who was captured in the raid identified the body as well. Three men besides Bin Laden and a woman were killed during the 40-minute raid. Osama was later buried at sea in the Arabian Sea, less than a day after his death; a burial at sea leaves no marked grave and no evidence of Bin Laden's killing (no definitive location). Several pundits have pointed out that this would prevent Islamic extremists from creating a shrine of his grave site. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Photographs of Operation and Death ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
To date, no pictures have been shown of the military operation, although ABC News showed photgraphs of Osama's compound after the operation was complete.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://abcnews.go.com/International/slideshow/photos-inside-osama-bin-laden-kill-zone-13508190 EXCLUSIVE: Inside the Compound Where Osama Bin Laden Was Killed] ABC News, retrieved 05/03/2011&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On May 4, 2011, Obama announced that the photographs would not be released&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;cbsnews&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;  According to CNN, the most recognizable photo of Bin Laden was taken in a hangar after the operation was complete.  However, there is a massive open head wound across both eyes, and it is considered gruesome and mangled enough that it would not be appropriate to print on the front page of a newspaper.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://whitehouse.blogs.cnn.com/2011/05/03/even-more-on-the-photos/?hpt=T1 Even more details on the OBL photos] CNN, 05/03/2011&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Republican senator and vice chairman of the Senate Intelligence Committee [[Saxby Chambliss]] of Georgia and Republican senator and member of the armed services committee [[Kelly Ayote]] of New Hampshire have seen the post-mortem photographs of bin Laden&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;cbsnews&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-503544_162-20059739-503544.html?tag=cbsContentWrap;cbsContent Obama: I won't release bin Laden death photos] CBS News, 05/04/2011&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Reactions to Death ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Some have withheld judgment on whether or not they believe Osama was killed, including one mother of a 9/11 victim.&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
But for Stella Olender of Chicago, her questions aren’t politically-motivated conspiracy theories, but rather the still-fresh wounds of losing a daughter, 39-year-old Christine, who died at the World Trade Center in the Sept. 11 attacks.&lt;br /&gt;
“Is it true or false? I don’t know,” Olender said in a phone interview while working at her tailoring and cleaning business in the city’s Hanson Park neighborhood.&lt;br /&gt;
Olender said she’s particularly concerned because U.S. officials have said bin Laden’s body was buried at sea but haven’t offered any photographic proof that he was killed.&lt;br /&gt;
“To me, that seems strange, that they disposed of it and no one (besides) whoever was right there knows what happened, if it’s true or false, you know?” Olender said. [http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/breaking/chibrknews-bin-laden-gone-but-not-conspiracy-theories-20110502,0,4993669.story]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
About the compound in Abbottabad where Osama died, one resident said:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
“That house is in an army area. What kind of standards does the Pakistan army have — they’re fools? If you think they’re fools, okay, Osama’s here,” said ur-Rehman. He said that he and others in the area have concluded that bin Laden was not there and that the United States staged a “drama.” [http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/bin-laden-neighbors-saw-little-amiss/2011/05/03/AF0alFjF_story.html?hpid=z2]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== See also ==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Islamic terrorism]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Afghanistan War]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Terrorism]] &lt;br /&gt;
* [[FBI Most Wanted Terrorist List]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== External links ==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://davidraygriffin.com/books/osama-bin-laden-dead-or-alive/ Osama bin Laden Dead or Alive?] by David Ray Griffin.&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-bin-laden-conspiracy-20110503,0,3052618.story?page=2 Bin Laden's sea burial fuels conspiracy theories.]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Further reading==&lt;br /&gt;
* Randal, Jonathan. ''Osama: The Making of a Terrorist'' (2004). 339 pp.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bin Laden, Osama}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Terrorists]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: al-Qaeda]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Muslims]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Afghanistan War]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>MarkN85</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Osama_Bin_Laden&amp;diff=866376</id>
		<title>Osama Bin Laden</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Osama_Bin_Laden&amp;diff=866376"/>
		<updated>2011-05-04T18:00:12Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;MarkN85: /* Alleged Death in 2011 */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[Image:382px-AQ00100.jpg|right|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
'''Osama bin Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden''' ([[Arabic language|Arabic]]: أسامة بن محمد بن عوض بن لادن‎, Usāmah bin Muḥammad bin ‘Awaḍ bin Lādin; (born March 10, 1957 - died May 2, 2011.), commonly known as '''Osama bin Laden''' (Arabic: أسامة بن لادن), was a radical [[Sunni]] [[Muslim]], and the leader of [[al Qaeda]], a worldwide [[terrorist]] group responsible for the [[September 11, 2001 attacks]], terrorist attacks on Americans in the 1990s, and other attacks on innocent civilians in Europe, Asia, and Africa.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Family ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Bin Laden was an Arab from a Yemeni family that made a fortune in construction in [[Saudi Arabia]]. His family disowned bin Laden in 1994 and the Saudi Arabian government revoked both his passport and citizenship. He went to [[Afghanistan]] with his network of Arab allies to fight against the  Soviets in the [[Soviet-Afghan War]].  He was never aided or funded by the U.S. or the CIA. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Terrorism and Al Qaeda ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In bin Laden's declarations and writings, he asserts that American attacks against Muslims justify reciprocation by Muslims, including the killing of innocents as a part of militaristic [[jihad]]. He refers to Islamic states headed by individuals friendly to the United States as usurper states which are disloyal to [[Islam]].&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
Bin Laden and his followers were based in war-torn Sudan for most of the 1990s at the invitation of [[Hassan al-Turabi]], a powerful Sudanese political leader and terrorism supporter. In the late 1990s bin Laden issued two fatahs (declarations of holy war) against the United States for the basing of troops in the Arabian Peninsula to defend against external aggression by [[Saddam Hussein]] and because of the suffering of the Iraqi people under UN economic sanctions.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.kimsoft.com/2001/binladenwar.htm bin Laden's Declaration of War], 1998.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 1998, bin Laden and [[Ayman al-Zawahiri]], then leader of the Egyptian terrorist group called the [[Islamic Brotherhood]], announced the joining of al Qaeda and the Islamic Brotherhood to form the ''World Islamic Front for the Jihad Against Jews and Crusaders''&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; http://www.janes.com/security/international_security/news/jir/jir011003_1_n.shtml&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;. In 1998, the United States embassies in Kenya and Tanzania were destroyed by suicide bombers; the United States later indicted both bin Laden and al-Zawahiri for the attacks which killed 224 people. In retaliation the United States launched [[cruise missile]]s, however, both terrorist leaders escaped.  They then fled to Afghanistan, where al Qaeda  set up camps that were protected by the [[Taliban]] government. When the Taliban refused to turn al Qaeda terrorists over to justice, NATO invaded and liberated Afghanistan in Oct. 2001. He was almost captured but escaped to Pakistan, where local warlords continued to harbor him. Occasionally he released a recording giving new threats. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the 1990s, bin Laden also gave funding to Chechen terrorists fighting against Russia&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Central_Asia/DJ29Ag05.html]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;.  These terrorists were later responsible for the [[Beslan school siege of 2004]].  Chechens also fought in Afghanistan against U.S. forces on behalf of the Taliban&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://muslimvillage.net/story.php?id=370]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Osama White House Reactions 4 2 2011.jpg|thumb|Osama's death, White House Reactions on 5/2/2011.]]&lt;br /&gt;
Bin Laden was cited by the United States government as the most wanted terrorist. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Alleged Death in 2011 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Bin Laden was killed in a mansion outside Abbottabad, a highland town 50 km. north of Islamabad, capital of [[Pakistan]]. According to news reports, the White House and the US Military, facial recognition as well as DNA evidence, which was analyzed in a speedy fashion, confirmed the identity of the man killed as Bin Laden. Reports also stated that one of his wives who was captured in the raid identified the body as well. Three men besides Bin Laden and a woman were killed during the 40-minute raid. Osama was later buried at sea in the Arabian Sea, less than a day after his death; a burial at sea leaves no marked grave and no evidence of Bin Laden's killing (no definitive location). Several pundits have pointed out that this would prevent Islamic extremists from creating a shrine of his grave site. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
To date, '''no pictures''' have been shown of the military operation, although ABC News showed photgraphs of Osama's compound after the operation was complete.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://abcnews.go.com/International/slideshow/photos-inside-osama-bin-laden-kill-zone-13508190 EXCLUSIVE: Inside the Compound Where Osama Bin Laden Was Killed] ABC News, retrieved 05/03/2011&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  Twenty-two people were either killed or captured as part of the raid, but the names and identities of those besides Osama Bin Laden have not yet been revealed.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://news.yahoo.com/s/yblog_exclusive/the-secret-team-that-killed-bin-laden;_ylt=ApbvyfwHE6ZKcBaQhhxqyAYb.3QA;_ylu=X3oDMTNsMXZucW9jBGFzc2V0A3libG9nX2V4Y2x1c2l2ZS8yMDExMDUwMi90aGUtc2VjcmV0LXRlYW0t The secret team that killed bin Laden] National Journal via Yahoo News, 05/02/2011&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  On May 3, 2011, the Drudge Report [http://drudgereport.com/flash3b.htm claimed that the White House will release at least one photo], although the time of release is still being debated.  According to CNN, the most recognizable photo of Bin Laden was taken in a hangar after the operation was complete.  However, there is a massive open head wound across both eyes, and it is considered gruesome and mangled enough that it would not be appropriate to print on the front page of a newspaper.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://whitehouse.blogs.cnn.com/2011/05/03/even-more-on-the-photos/?hpt=T1 Even more details on the OBL photos] CNN, 05/03/2011&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Republican senator and vice chairman of the Senate Intelligence Committee [[Saxby Chambliss]] of Georgia and Republican senator and member of the armed services committee [[Kelly Ayote]] of New Hampshire have seen the post-mortem photographs of bin Laden&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-503544_162-20059739-503544.html?tag=cbsContentWrap;cbsContent Obama: I won't release bin Laden death photos] CBS News, 05/04/2011&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Some have withheld judgment on whether or not they believe Obama was killed, '''including one mother of a 9/11 victim.'''&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
But for Stella Olender of Chicago, her questions aren’t politically-motivated conspiracy theories, but rather the still-fresh wounds of losing a daughter, 39-year-old Christine, who died at the World Trade Center in the Sept. 11 attacks.&lt;br /&gt;
“Is it true or false? I don’t know,” Olender said in a phone interview while working at her tailoring and cleaning business in the city’s Hanson Park neighborhood.&lt;br /&gt;
Olender said she’s particularly concerned because U.S. officials have said bin Laden’s body was buried at sea but haven’t offered any photographic proof that he was killed.&lt;br /&gt;
“To me, that seems strange, that they disposed of it and no one (besides) whoever was right there knows what happened, if it’s true or false, you know?” Olender said. [http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/breaking/chibrknews-bin-laden-gone-but-not-conspiracy-theories-20110502,0,4993669.story]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Apparently the alleged master mind of the 9/11 attack did not have the opportunity to surrender:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;In the room with Bin Laden, a woman, Bin Laden's wife, rushed the U.S. assaulter and was shot in the leg but not killed,&amp;quot; White House spokesman Jay Carney said. &amp;quot;Bin Laden was then shot and killed. He was not armed.&amp;quot; CIA Director [[Leon Panetta]] said in an interview on PBS television Tuesday that he did not believe Bin Laden had a chance to speak before he was shot in the face and killed. &amp;quot;To be frank, I don't think he had a lot of time to say anything,&amp;quot; Panetta said. [http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/sc-dc-0504-bin-laden-us-20110503,0,6448886.story?track=rss&amp;amp;utm_source=feedburner&amp;amp;utm_medium=feed&amp;amp;utm_campaign=Feed%3A+latimes%2Fmostviewed+%28L.A.+Times+-+Most+Viewed+Stories%29]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
About the compound in Abbottabad where alleged Osama died the neighbors said:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
“That house is in an army area. What kind of standards does the Pakistan army have — they’re fools? If you think they’re fools, okay, Osama’s here,” said ur-Rehman. He said that he and others in the area have concluded that bin Laden was not there and that the United States staged a “drama.” [http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/bin-laden-neighbors-saw-little-amiss/2011/05/03/AF0alFjF_story.html?hpid=z2]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== See also ==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Islamic terrorism]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Afghanistan War]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Terrorism]] &lt;br /&gt;
* [[FBI Most Wanted Terrorist List]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== External links ==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://davidraygriffin.com/books/osama-bin-laden-dead-or-alive/ Osama bin Laden Dead or Alive?] by David Ray Griffin.&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-bin-laden-conspiracy-20110503,0,3052618.story?page=2 Bin Laden's sea burial fuels conspiracy theories.]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Further reading==&lt;br /&gt;
* Randal, Jonathan. ''Osama: The Making of a Terrorist'' (2004). 339 pp.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bin Laden, Osama}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Terrorists]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: al-Qaeda]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Muslims]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Afghanistan War]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>MarkN85</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Osama_Bin_Laden&amp;diff=866356</id>
		<title>Osama Bin Laden</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Osama_Bin_Laden&amp;diff=866356"/>
		<updated>2011-05-04T16:12:17Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;MarkN85: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[Image:382px-AQ00100.jpg|right|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
'''Osama bin Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden''' ([[Arabic language|Arabic]]: أسامة بن محمد بن عوض بن لادن‎, Usāmah bin Muḥammad bin ‘Awaḍ bin Lādin; (born March 10, 1957 - '''allegedly'''&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.politicususa.com/en/glenn-beck-bin-laden&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.newsbusters.org/blogs/tim-graham/2011/05/03/cindy-sheehan-thinks-empire-faked-osama-takedown-will-chris-matthews-rec&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;died May 2, 2011.), commonly known as, '''Osama bin Laden''' (Arabic: أسامة بن لادن), was a radical [[Sunni]] [[Muslim]], and the leader of [[al Qaeda]], a worldwide [[terrorist]] group responsible for the [[September 11, 2001 attacks]], terrorist attacks on Americans in the 1990s, and other attacks on innocent civilians in Europe and Asia.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Family ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Bin Laden was an Arab from a Yemeni family that made a fortune in construction in [[Saudi Arabia]]. His family disowned bin Laden in 1994 and the Saudi Arabian government revoked both his passport and citizenship. He went to [[Afghanistan]] with his network of Arab allies to fight against the  Soviets in the [[Soviet-Afghan War]].  He was never aided or funded by the U.S. or the CIA. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Terrorism and Al Qaeda ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In bin Laden's declarations and writings, he asserts that American attacks against Muslims justify reciprocation by Muslims, including the killing of innocents as a part of militaristic [[jihad]]. He refers to Islamic states headed by individuals friendly to the United States as usurper states which are disloyal to [[Islam]].&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
Bin Laden and his followers were based in war-torn Sudan for most of the 1990s at the invitation of [[Hassan al-Turabi]], a powerful Sudanese political leader and terrorism supporter. In the late 1990s bin Laden issued two fatahs (declarations of holy war) against the United States for the basing of troops in the Arabian Peninsula to defend against external aggression by [[Saddam Hussein]] and because of the suffering of the Iraqi people under UN economic sanctions.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.kimsoft.com/2001/binladenwar.htm bin Laden's Declaration of War], 1998.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 1998, bin Laden and [[Ayman al-Zawahiri]], then leader of the Egyptian terrorist group called the [[Islamic Brotherhood]], announced the joining of al Qaeda and the Islamic Brotherhood to form the ''World Islamic Front for the Jihad Against Jews and Crusaders''&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; http://www.janes.com/security/international_security/news/jir/jir011003_1_n.shtml&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;. In 1998, the United States embassies in Kenya and Tanzania were destroyed by suicide bombers; the United States later indicted both bin Laden and al-Zawahiri for the attacks which killed 224 people. In retaliation the United States launched [[cruise missile]]s, however, both terrorist leaders escaped.  They then fled to Afghanistan, where al Qaeda  set up camps that were protected by the [[Taliban]] government. When the Taliban refused to turn al Qaeda terrorists over to justice, NATO invaded and liberated Afghanistan in Oct. 2001. He was almost captured but escaped to Pakistan, where local warlords continued to harbor him. Occasionally he released a recording giving new threats. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the 1990s, bin Laden also gave funding to Chechen terrorists fighting against Russia&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Central_Asia/DJ29Ag05.html]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;.  These terrorists were later responsible for the [[Beslan school siege of 2004]].  Chechens also fought in Afghanistan against U.S. forces on behalf of the Taliban&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://muslimvillage.net/story.php?id=370]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Osama White House Reactions 4 2 2011.jpg|thumb|Osama's death, White House Reactions on 5/2/2011.]]&lt;br /&gt;
Bin Laden was cited by the United States government as the most wanted terrorist. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Alleged Death in 2011 ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Bin Laden was killed in a mansion outside Abbottabad, a highland town 50 km. north of Islamabad, capital of [[Pakistan]]. According to news reports, the White House and the US Military, facial recognition as well as DNA evidence, which was analyzed in a speedy fashion, confirmed the identity of the man killed as Bin Laden. Reports also stated that one of his wives who was captured in the raid identified the body as well. Three men besides Bin Laden and a woman were killed during the 40-minute raid. Osama was later buried at sea in the Arabian Sea, less than a day after his death; a burial at sea leaves no marked grave and no evidence of Bin Laden's killing (no definitive location). Several pundits have pointed out that this would prevent Islamic extremists from creating a shrine of his grave site. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
To date, '''no pictures''' have been shown of the military operation, although ABC News showed photgraphs of Osama's compound after the operation was complete.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://abcnews.go.com/International/slideshow/photos-inside-osama-bin-laden-kill-zone-13508190 EXCLUSIVE: Inside the Compound Where Osama Bin Laden Was Killed] ABC News, retrieved 05/03/2011&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  Twenty-two people were either killed or captured as part of the raid, but the names and identities of those besides Osama Bin Laden have not yet been revealed.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://news.yahoo.com/s/yblog_exclusive/the-secret-team-that-killed-bin-laden;_ylt=ApbvyfwHE6ZKcBaQhhxqyAYb.3QA;_ylu=X3oDMTNsMXZucW9jBGFzc2V0A3libG9nX2V4Y2x1c2l2ZS8yMDExMDUwMi90aGUtc2VjcmV0LXRlYW0t The secret team that killed bin Laden] National Journal via Yahoo News, 05/02/2011&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  On May 3, 2011, the Drudge Report [http://drudgereport.com/flash3b.htm claimed that the White House will release at least one photo], although the time of release is still being debated.  According to CNN, the most recognizable photo of Bin Laden was taken in a hangar after the operation was complete.  However, there is a massive open head wound across both eyes, and it is considered gruesome and mangled enough that it would not be appropriate to print on the front page of a newspaper.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://whitehouse.blogs.cnn.com/2011/05/03/even-more-on-the-photos/?hpt=T1 Even more details on the OBL photos] CNN, 05/03/2011&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Some have withheld judgment on whether or not they believe Obama was killed, '''including one mother of a 9/11 victim.'''&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
But for Stella Olender of Chicago, her questions aren’t politically-motivated conspiracy theories, but rather the still-fresh wounds of losing a daughter, 39-year-old Christine, who died at the World Trade Center in the Sept. 11 attacks.&lt;br /&gt;
“Is it true or false? I don’t know,” Olender said in a phone interview while working at her tailoring and cleaning business in the city’s Hanson Park neighborhood.&lt;br /&gt;
Olender said she’s particularly concerned because U.S. officials have said bin Laden’s body was buried at sea but haven’t offered any photographic proof that he was killed.&lt;br /&gt;
“To me, that seems strange, that they disposed of it and no one (besides) whoever was right there knows what happened, if it’s true or false, you know?” Olender said. [http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/breaking/chibrknews-bin-laden-gone-but-not-conspiracy-theories-20110502,0,4993669.story]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Apparently the alleged master mind of the 9/11 attack did not have the opportunity to surrender:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;In the room with Bin Laden, a woman, Bin Laden's wife, rushed the U.S. assaulter and was shot in the leg but not killed,&amp;quot; White House spokesman Jay Carney said. &amp;quot;Bin Laden was then shot and killed. He was not armed.&amp;quot; CIA Director [[Leon Panetta]] said in an interview on PBS television Tuesday that he did not believe Bin Laden had a chance to speak before he was shot in the face and killed. &amp;quot;To be frank, I don't think he had a lot of time to say anything,&amp;quot; Panetta said. [http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/sc-dc-0504-bin-laden-us-20110503,0,6448886.story?track=rss&amp;amp;utm_source=feedburner&amp;amp;utm_medium=feed&amp;amp;utm_campaign=Feed%3A+latimes%2Fmostviewed+%28L.A.+Times+-+Most+Viewed+Stories%29]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
About the compound in Abbottabad where alleged Osama died the neighbors said:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
“That house is in an army area. What kind of standards does the Pakistan army have — they’re fools? If you think they’re fools, okay, Osama’s here,” said ur-Rehman. He said that he and others in the area have concluded that bin Laden was not there and that the United States staged a “drama.” [http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/bin-laden-neighbors-saw-little-amiss/2011/05/03/AF0alFjF_story.html?hpid=z2]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== See also ==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Islamic terrorism]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Afghanistan War]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Terrorism]] &lt;br /&gt;
* [[FBI Most Wanted Terrorist List]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== External links ==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://davidraygriffin.com/books/osama-bin-laden-dead-or-alive/ Osama bin Laden Dead or Alive?] by David Ray Griffin.&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-bin-laden-conspiracy-20110503,0,3052618.story?page=2 Bin Laden's sea burial fuels conspiracy theories.]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Further reading==&lt;br /&gt;
* Randal, Jonathan. ''Osama: The Making of a Terrorist'' (2004). 339 pp.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bin Laden, Osama}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Terrorists]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: al-Qaeda]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Muslims]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Afghanistan War]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>MarkN85</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Paradigm&amp;diff=866352</id>
		<title>Paradigm</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Paradigm&amp;diff=866352"/>
		<updated>2011-05-04T15:41:05Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;MarkN85: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;A '''paradigm''' is a framework of rules and theories that follow a distinct pattern (the word paradigm actually comes from the Greek word for pattern).  Throughout history, paradigms have changed in events referred to as '''paradigm shifts.'''  An example of a paradigm shift would be the promotion by [[Galileo]] of a [[heliocentric]] solar system, versus the common paradigm of a [[geocentric]] solar system.  Paradigm shifts are often met with resistance, as many become stuck in '''paradigm paralysis.'''  In this case, the Roman Catholic church condemned Galileo's findings and forced him to recant.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Paradigm shift==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
MSN's Encarta defines a '''paradigm shift''' as &amp;quot;a radical change in somebody's basic assumptions about or approach to something.&amp;quot;[http://encarta.msn.com/dictionary_701708536/paradigm_shift.html].  The term paradigm shift was introduced by [[Thomas Kuhn]] in his 1962 book ''[[The Structure of Scientific Revolutions]]''.  The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy wrote the following regarding Kuhn's concept of the paradigm shift:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;blockquote style=&amp;quot;background: #F9F9F9; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; padding: .3em;&amp;quot;&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;A mature science, according to Kuhn, experiences alternating phases of normal science and revolutions. In normal science the key theories, instruments, values and metaphysical assumptions that comprise the disciplinary matrix are kept fixed, permitting the cumulative generation of puzzle-solutions, whereas in a scientific revolution the disciplinary matrix undergoes revision, in order to permit the solution of the more serious [[Anomaly|anomalous]] puzzles that disturbed the preceding period of normal science.&amp;quot; [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/thomas-kuhn/#3]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Kuhn had a theory about the history of science which denied the existence of scientific progress, and which denied the rationality of scientists switching from one theory to another. He popularized the term &amp;quot;paradigm shift&amp;quot; to describe such a switch.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Paradigm Paralysis==&lt;br /&gt;
A paradigm paralysis occurs when individuals refuse to accept a paradigm shift.  Often, this can have devastating results, especially in the business world.  A famous example is the rise of the quartz movement wristwatch.  In 1967, Swiss watchmakers displayed the first model of a quartz movement watch.  Despite being more accurate, cheaper, and less intricate than their mechanical counterparts, the Swiss refused to change their method of watchmaking.  In 1969, the Japanese company Seiko released the first commercially available quartz movement watch.  The watch proved popular enough that as of 2010, nearly 95% of all watches use quartz movement in the design.  The Swiss' failure to adopt to the new paradigm of quartz movement instead of mechanical movement devastated the watch industry of Switzerland.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== See also ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Credibility]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[category:philosophy]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>MarkN85</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Talk:Osama_Bin_Laden&amp;diff=866248</id>
		<title>Talk:Osama Bin Laden</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Talk:Osama_Bin_Laden&amp;diff=866248"/>
		<updated>2011-05-04T01:23:32Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;MarkN85: /* Death */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;:Osama Bin Laden actually appears (uncredited) as a tribal leader in the American blockbuster ''Rambo III'' [http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0095956/].  This is a well-known statement, based on the presence of Rambo III filming in Afghanistan, Bin Laden's then friendliness with US interests, and the presence of a lot of extras.  I think this should be included. [http://www.plp.org/misc/oblncia.html]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Bush==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Erm - how can an article about OBL not mention George Bush?!  Utter madness from the home schooled loonies [[User:Mralph72|Mralph72]] 08:53, 5 May 2007 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
How is Bin Laden responsible for the 9/11/01 attack if he is not wanted for it?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
http://www.fbi.gov/wanted/terrorists/terbinladen.htm&lt;br /&gt;
http://www.amw.com/fugitives/case.cfm?id=24550#wantedfor&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Bin Laden has not been found guilty for the 9/11/01 attack, although he has been found guilty for other crimes. How about mentioning those (at least first) before mentioning something of which he hasn't even been convicted?&lt;br /&gt;
* Because [[Saddam Hussein|Saddam]] and [[the Axis of Evil]] were responsible for it. Try to keep up. --[[User:JonathanDrain|JonathanDrain]] 14:58, 24 July 2007 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Taliban &amp;quot;emerging&amp;quot; out of mujaheddin ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Taliban most assuredly did '''not''' &amp;quot;emerge from&amp;quot; the ''mujaheddin'', despite what the cited source, commondreams.org (which bills itself as &amp;quot;breaking news and views for the progressive [read ''liberal''] community&amp;quot;), says.  Even [CNN http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/9610/05/taleban/] can get it right&amp;amp;mdash;the Taliban arose in opposition to the muj.  At ''most,'' some of the muj may have defected to the Taliban.  The idea that US aid to the muj &amp;quot;in the 80s&amp;quot; (to use commondreams.org's phrase) led to 9/11 is simply a liberal myth. [[User:Tradcon|Traditional Conservative]] 23:53, 9 September 2007 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:This is vague at best. ''Mujahideen'' simply refers to anyone who is engaged in ''jihad'', which bin Laden claims all of his men are. [[User:TaKess|TaKess]] 16:15, 12 May 2009 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Contradiction ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This article both claims (incorrectly) that Clinton took no action against Bin Laden and also (correctly) claims that Bin Laden was targeted in a cruise missile strike. Both cannot be true.--[[User:Mrvipond|Mrvipond]] 10:39, 14 December 2007 (EST)&lt;br /&gt;
::The cruise missile attack was an attempt by Clinton to distract people from the Lewinsky scandal. It wasn't until after the Sept 11 attacks that Clinton started claiming Bin Laden had been the target.  Before then the justification was a series of vague references to &amp;quot;insurgents.&amp;quot; The article should either drop the reference to the cruise missile attacks or clarify their relevance.  I vote for clarifying, because if the mention is dropped critics will claim we're censoring data. --[[User:AlexC|AlexC]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Death ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Is it not worth also mentioning that there is a widespread belief that he is now dead. The broadcasts he supposedly made last year (the first for 3 years) were widely believed to be obvious fakes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
::Should we change the date of death to '''allegedly''' to show that there has been no definitive proof to-date? I wouldn't be all too surprised if Obama jumped the gun and said they killed Osama to increase his ratings before actually checking if it was indeed Osama, I mean they released the information only hours afterwards, not enough time for a proper confirmation. Just a suggestion! --[[User:IScott|IScott]] 17:32, 3 May 2011 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:::I agree. I personally believe he is dead but if the article does not state directly that he is dead we should not have a definitive death date [[User:KingHanksley|KingHanksley]] 18:10, 3 May 2011 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
::::If we're going with that narrative, could someone add sources saying he isn't dead?  Shocker of shockers, I haven't found anything yet.  --[[User:MarkN85|MarkN85]] 20:52, 3 May 2011 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
::::: I found a source immediately, I question whether you even looked or just blindly assumed there wouldn't be any. Glenn Beck argued that he doesn't believe he is dead, people clearly aren't convinced. http://www.politicususa.com/en/glenn-beck-bin-laden  .--[[User:IScott|IScott]] 21:03, 3 May 2011 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:::::: Did you read the site you pulled that from?  &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
''In times of emotional crisis, unstable right wingers can always count on Glenn Beck to make it all better by whisking them off to a fantasy world where reality does not apply. Why should they bother with reality, when the soothing voice of Glenn Beck can provide the ultimate delusional narcotic?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Beck may have fallen out of favor, but with the death of Bin Laden, it looks like the addicts are lining up around the block. Don’t worry Teabaggers, your pusher man is here to give you the fix that you need.''&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:MarkN85|MarkN85]] 21:23, 3 May 2011 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== &amp;quot;Few&amp;quot; Truthers? ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I notice the first footnote says that there only a 'few' 9/11 truthers...&lt;br /&gt;
This would seem to go against the scope and ever growing prominence (especially in reference to coverage by mainstream media) of this 9/11 truth movement.&lt;br /&gt;
It is refreshing, though, that this article isn't ubiquitous in it's statement but rather says that Bin Laden is &amp;quot;widely believed&amp;quot; to hold responsibility. [[User:BrentonEccles|BrentonEccles]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
this is a pretty pathetic cheap shot to link barrack obama and osama bin laden. it needs to be removed&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>MarkN85</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Talk:Osama_Bin_Laden&amp;diff=866240</id>
		<title>Talk:Osama Bin Laden</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Talk:Osama_Bin_Laden&amp;diff=866240"/>
		<updated>2011-05-04T00:52:47Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;MarkN85: /* Death */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;:Osama Bin Laden actually appears (uncredited) as a tribal leader in the American blockbuster ''Rambo III'' [http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0095956/].  This is a well-known statement, based on the presence of Rambo III filming in Afghanistan, Bin Laden's then friendliness with US interests, and the presence of a lot of extras.  I think this should be included. [http://www.plp.org/misc/oblncia.html]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Bush==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Erm - how can an article about OBL not mention George Bush?!  Utter madness from the home schooled loonies [[User:Mralph72|Mralph72]] 08:53, 5 May 2007 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
How is Bin Laden responsible for the 9/11/01 attack if he is not wanted for it?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
http://www.fbi.gov/wanted/terrorists/terbinladen.htm&lt;br /&gt;
http://www.amw.com/fugitives/case.cfm?id=24550#wantedfor&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Bin Laden has not been found guilty for the 9/11/01 attack, although he has been found guilty for other crimes. How about mentioning those (at least first) before mentioning something of which he hasn't even been convicted?&lt;br /&gt;
* Because [[Saddam Hussein|Saddam]] and [[the Axis of Evil]] were responsible for it. Try to keep up. --[[User:JonathanDrain|JonathanDrain]] 14:58, 24 July 2007 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Taliban &amp;quot;emerging&amp;quot; out of mujaheddin ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Taliban most assuredly did '''not''' &amp;quot;emerge from&amp;quot; the ''mujaheddin'', despite what the cited source, commondreams.org (which bills itself as &amp;quot;breaking news and views for the progressive [read ''liberal''] community&amp;quot;), says.  Even [CNN http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/9610/05/taleban/] can get it right&amp;amp;mdash;the Taliban arose in opposition to the muj.  At ''most,'' some of the muj may have defected to the Taliban.  The idea that US aid to the muj &amp;quot;in the 80s&amp;quot; (to use commondreams.org's phrase) led to 9/11 is simply a liberal myth. [[User:Tradcon|Traditional Conservative]] 23:53, 9 September 2007 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:This is vague at best. ''Mujahideen'' simply refers to anyone who is engaged in ''jihad'', which bin Laden claims all of his men are. [[User:TaKess|TaKess]] 16:15, 12 May 2009 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Contradiction ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This article both claims (incorrectly) that Clinton took no action against Bin Laden and also (correctly) claims that Bin Laden was targeted in a cruise missile strike. Both cannot be true.--[[User:Mrvipond|Mrvipond]] 10:39, 14 December 2007 (EST)&lt;br /&gt;
::The cruise missile attack was an attempt by Clinton to distract people from the Lewinsky scandal. It wasn't until after the Sept 11 attacks that Clinton started claiming Bin Laden had been the target.  Before then the justification was a series of vague references to &amp;quot;insurgents.&amp;quot; The article should either drop the reference to the cruise missile attacks or clarify their relevance.  I vote for clarifying, because if the mention is dropped critics will claim we're censoring data. --[[User:AlexC|AlexC]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Death ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Is it not worth also mentioning that there is a widespread belief that he is now dead. The broadcasts he supposedly made last year (the first for 3 years) were widely believed to be obvious fakes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
::Should we change the date of death to '''allegedly''' to show that there has been no definitive proof to-date? I wouldn't be all too surprised if Obama jumped the gun and said they killed Osama to increase his ratings before actually checking if it was indeed Osama, I mean they released the information only hours afterwards, not enough time for a proper confirmation. Just a suggestion! --[[User:IScott|IScott]] 17:32, 3 May 2011 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:::I agree. I personally believe he is dead but if the article does not state directly that he is dead we should not have a definitive death date [[User:KingHanksley|KingHanksley]] 18:10, 3 May 2011 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
::::If we're going with that narrative, could someone add sources saying he isn't dead?  Shocker of shockers, I haven't found anything yet.  --[[User:MarkN85|MarkN85]] 20:52, 3 May 2011 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== &amp;quot;Few&amp;quot; Truthers? ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I notice the first footnote says that there only a 'few' 9/11 truthers...&lt;br /&gt;
This would seem to go against the scope and ever growing prominence (especially in reference to coverage by mainstream media) of this 9/11 truth movement.&lt;br /&gt;
It is refreshing, though, that this article isn't ubiquitous in it's statement but rather says that Bin Laden is &amp;quot;widely believed&amp;quot; to hold responsibility. [[User:BrentonEccles|BrentonEccles]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
this is a pretty pathetic cheap shot to link barrack obama and osama bin laden. it needs to be removed&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>MarkN85</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Osama_Bin_Laden&amp;diff=866148</id>
		<title>Osama Bin Laden</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Osama_Bin_Laden&amp;diff=866148"/>
		<updated>2011-05-03T18:42:15Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;MarkN85: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[Image:382px-AQ00100.jpg|right|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
'''Osama bin Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden''' ([[Arabic language|Arabic]]: أسامة بن محمد بن عوض بن لادن‎, Usāmah bin Muḥammad bin ‘Awaḍ bin Lādin; (born March 10, 1957 - d. May 2, 2011.), commonly known as, '''Osama bin Laden''' (Arabic: أسامة بن لادن), was a radical [[Sunni]] [[Muslim]], and the leader of [[al Qaeda]], a worldwide [[terrorist]] group responsible for the [[September 11, 2001 attacks]], terrorist attacks on Americans in the 1990s, and other attacks on innocent civilians in Europe and Asia.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Bin Laden was an Arab from a Yemeni family that made a fortune in construction in [[Saudi Arabia]]. His family disowned bin Ladin in 1994 and the Saudi Arabian government revoked both his passport and citizenship. He went to [[Afghanistan]] with his network of Arab allies to fight against the  Soviets in the [[Soviet-Afghan War]].  He was never aided or funded by the U.S. or the CIA.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In bin Laden's declarations and writings, he asserts that American attacks against Muslims justify reciprocation by Muslims, including the killing of innocents as a part of militaristic [[jihad]]. He refers to Islamic states headed by individuals friendly to the United States as usurper states which are disloyal to [[Islam]].&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
Bin Laden and his followers were based in war-torn Sudan for most of the 1990s at the invitation of [[Hassan al-Turabi]], a powerful Sudanese political leader and terrorism supporter. In the late 1990s bin Laden issued two fatahs (declarations of holy war) against the United States for the basing of troops in the Arabian Peninsula to defend against external aggression by [[Saddam Hussein]] and because of the suffering of the Iraqi people under UN economic sanctions.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.kimsoft.com/2001/binladenwar.htm bin Laden's Declaration of War], 1998.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 1998, bin Laden and [[Ayman al-Zawahiri]], then leader of the Egyptian terrorist group called the [[Islamic Brotherhood]], announced the joining of al Qaeda and the Islamic Brotherhood to form the ''World Islamic Front for the Jihad Against Jews and Crusaders''&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; http://www.janes.com/security/international_security/news/jir/jir011003_1_n.shtml&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;. In 1998, the United States embassies in Kenya and Tanzania were destroyed by suicide bombers; the United States later indicted both bin Laden and al-Zawahiri for the attacks which killed 224 people. In retaliation the United States launched [[cruise missile]]s, however, both terrorist leaders escaped.  They then fled to Afghanistan, where al Qaeda  set up camps that were protected by the [[Taliban]] government. When the Taliban refused to turn al Qaeda terrorists over to justice, NATO invaded and liberated Afghanistan in Oct. 2001. He was almost captured but escaped to Pakistan, where local warlords continued to harbor him. Occasionally he released a recording giving new threats. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the 1990s, bin Laden also gave funding to Chechen terrorists fighting against Russia&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Central_Asia/DJ29Ag05.html]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;.  These terrorists were later responsible for the [[Beslan school siege of 2004]].  Chechens also fought in Afghanistan against U.S. forces on behalf of the Taliban&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://muslimvillage.net/story.php?id=370]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Osama White House Reactions 4 2 2011.jpg|thumb|Osama's death, White House Reactions on 5/2/2011.]]&lt;br /&gt;
Bin Laden was cited by the United States government as the most wanted terrorist. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Bin Laden was killed in a mansion outside Abbottabad, a highland town 50 km. north of Islamabad, capital of [[Pakistan]]. According to news reports, the White House and the US Military, facial recognition as well as DNA evidence, which was analyzed in a speedy fashion, confirmed the identity of the man killed as Bin Laden. Reports also stated that one of his wives who was captured in the raid identified the body as well. Three men besides Bin Laden and a woman were killed during the 40-minute raid. Osama was later buried at sea in the Arabian Sea, less than a day after his death; a burial at sea leaves no marked grave and no evidence of Bin Laden's killing (no definitive location). Several pundits have pointed out that this would prevent Islamic extremists from creating a shrine of his grave site. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
To date, no pictures have been shown of the military operation, although ABC News showed photgraphs of Osama's compound after the operation was complete.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://abcnews.go.com/International/slideshow/photos-inside-osama-bin-laden-kill-zone-13508190 EXCLUSIVE: Inside the Compound Where Osama Bin Laden Was Killed] ABC News, retrieved 05/03/2011&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  Twenty-two people were either killed or captured as part of the raid, but the names and identities of those besides Osama Bin Laden have not yet been revealed.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://news.yahoo.com/s/yblog_exclusive/the-secret-team-that-killed-bin-laden;_ylt=ApbvyfwHE6ZKcBaQhhxqyAYb.3QA;_ylu=X3oDMTNsMXZucW9jBGFzc2V0A3libG9nX2V4Y2x1c2l2ZS8yMDExMDUwMi90aGUtc2VjcmV0LXRlYW0t The secret team that killed bin Laden] National Journal via Yahoo News, 05/02/2011&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  On May 3, 2011, the Drudge Report [http://drudgereport.com/flash3b.htm claimed that the White House will release at least one photo], although the time of release is still being debated.  According to CNN, the most recognizable photo of Bin Laden was taken in a hangar after the operation was complete.  However, there is a massive open head wound across both eyes, and it is considered gruesome and mangled enough that it would not be appropriate to print on the front page of a newspaper.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://whitehouse.blogs.cnn.com/2011/05/03/even-more-on-the-photos/?hpt=T1 Even more details on the OBL photos] CNN, 05/03/2011&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
But for Stella Olender of Chicago, her questions aren’t politically-motivated conspiracy theories, but rather the still-fresh wounds of losing a daughter, 39-year-old Christine, who died at the World Trade Center in the Sept. 11 attacks.&lt;br /&gt;
“Is it true or false? I don’t know,” Olender said in a phone interview while working at her tailoring and cleaning business in the city’s Hanson Park neighborhood.&lt;br /&gt;
Olender said she’s particularly concerned because U.S. officials have said bin Laden’s body was buried at sea but haven’t offered any photographic proof that he was killed.&lt;br /&gt;
“To me, that seems strange, that they disposed of it and no one (besides) whoever was right there knows what happened, if it’s true or false, you know?” Olender said. [http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/breaking/chibrknews-bin-laden-gone-but-not-conspiracy-theories-20110502,0,4993669.story]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== See also ==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Islamic terrorism]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Afghanistan War]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Terrorism]] &lt;br /&gt;
* [[FBI Most Wanted Terrorist List]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Further reading==&lt;br /&gt;
* Randal, Jonathan. ''Osama: The Making of a Terrorist'' (2004). 339 pp.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bin Laden, Osama}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Terrorists]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: al-Qaeda]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Muslims]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Afghanistan War]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>MarkN85</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Osama_Bin_Laden&amp;diff=866143</id>
		<title>Osama Bin Laden</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Osama_Bin_Laden&amp;diff=866143"/>
		<updated>2011-05-03T17:53:50Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;MarkN85: added updated information and sources&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[Image:382px-AQ00100.jpg|right|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
'''Osama bin Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden''' ([[Arabic language|Arabic]]: أسامة بن محمد بن عوض بن لادن‎, Usāmah bin Muḥammad bin ‘Awaḍ bin Lādin; (born March 10, 1957 - d. May 2, 2011.), commonly known as, '''Osama bin Laden''' (Arabic: أسامة بن لادن), was a radical [[Sunni]] [[Muslim]], and the leader of [[al Qaeda]], a worldwide [[terrorist]] group responsible for the [[September 11, 2001 attacks]], terrorist attacks on Americans in the 1990s, and other attacks on innocent civilians in Europe and Asia.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Bin Laden was an Arab from a Yemeni family that made a fortune in construction in [[Saudi Arabia]]. His family disowned bin Ladin in 1994 and the Saudi Arabian government revoked both his passport and citizenship. He went to [[Afghanistan]] with his network of Arab allies to fight against the  Soviets in the [[Soviet-Afghan War]].  He was never aided or funded by the U.S. or the CIA.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In bin Laden's declarations and writings, he asserts that American attacks against Muslims justify reciprocation by Muslims, including the killing of innocents as a part of militaristic [[jihad]]. He refers to Islamic states headed by individuals friendly to the United States as usurper states which are disloyal to [[Islam]].&lt;br /&gt;
   &lt;br /&gt;
Bin Laden and his followers were based in war-torn Sudan for most of the 1990s at the invitation of [[Hassan al-Turabi]], a powerful Sudanese political leader and terrorism supporter. In the late 1990s bin Laden issued two fatahs (declarations of holy war) against the United States for the basing of troops in the Arabian Peninsula to defend against external aggression by [[Saddam Hussein]] and because of the suffering of the Iraqi people under UN economic sanctions.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.kimsoft.com/2001/binladenwar.htm bin Laden's Declaration of War], 1998.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 1998, bin Laden and [[Ayman al-Zawahiri]], then leader of the Egyptian terrorist group called the [[Islamic Brotherhood]], announced the joining of al Qaeda and the Islamic Brotherhood to form the ''World Islamic Front for the Jihad Against Jews and Crusaders''&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; http://www.janes.com/security/international_security/news/jir/jir011003_1_n.shtml&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;. In 1998, the United States embassies in Kenya and Tanzania were destroyed by suicide bombers; the United States later indicted both bin Laden and al-Zawahiri for the attacks which killed 224 people. In retaliation the United States launched [[cruise missile]]s, however, both terrorist leaders escaped.  They then fled to Afghanistan, where al Qaeda  set up camps that were protected by the [[Taliban]] government. When the Taliban refused to turn al Qaeda terrorists over to justice, NATO invaded and liberated Afghanistan in Oct. 2001. He was almost captured but escaped to Pakistan, where local warlords continued to harbor him. Occasionally he released a recording giving new threats. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the 1990s, bin Laden also gave funding to Chechen terrorists fighting against Russia&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Central_Asia/DJ29Ag05.html]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;.  These terrorists were later responsible for the [[Beslan school siege of 2004]].  Chechens also fought in Afghanistan against U.S. forces on behalf of the Taliban&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://muslimvillage.net/story.php?id=370]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Osama White House Reactions 4 2 2011.jpg|thumb|Osama's death, White House Reactions on 5/2/2011.]]&lt;br /&gt;
Bin Laden was cited by the United States government as the most wanted terrorist. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Bin Laden was killed in a mansion outside Abbottabad, a highland town 50 km. north of Islamabad, capital of [[Pakistan]]. According to news reports, the White House and the US Military, facial recognition as well as DNA evidence, which was analyzed in a speedy fashion, confirmed the identity of the man killed as Bin Laden. Reports also stated that one of his wives who was captured in the raid identified the body as well. Three men besides Bin Laden and a woman were killed during the 40-minute raid. Osama was later buried at sea in the Arabian Sea, less than a day after his death; a burial at sea leaves no marked grave and no evidence of Bin Laden's killing (no definitive location). Several pundits have pointed out that this would prevent Islamic extremists from creating a shrine of his grave site. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
To date, no pictures have been shown of the military operation, although ABC News showed photgraphs of Osama's compound after the operation was complete.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://abcnews.go.com/International/slideshow/photos-inside-osama-bin-laden-kill-zone-13508190 EXCLUSIVE: Inside the Compound Where Osama Bin Laden Was Killed] ABC News, retrieved 05/03/2011&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  Twenty-two people were either killed or captured as part of the raid, but the names and identities of those besides Osama Bin Laden have not yet been revealed.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://news.yahoo.com/s/yblog_exclusive/the-secret-team-that-killed-bin-laden;_ylt=ApbvyfwHE6ZKcBaQhhxqyAYb.3QA;_ylu=X3oDMTNsMXZucW9jBGFzc2V0A3libG9nX2V4Y2x1c2l2ZS8yMDExMDUwMi90aGUtc2VjcmV0LXRlYW0t The secret team that killed bin Laden] National Journal via Yahoo News, 05/02/2011&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  On May 3, 2011, the Drudge Report [http://drudgereport.com/flash3b.htm claimed that the White House will release at least one photo], although the time of release is still being debated.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
But for Stella Olender of Chicago, her questions aren’t politically-motivated conspiracy theories, but rather the still-fresh wounds of losing a daughter, 39-year-old Christine, who died at the World Trade Center in the Sept. 11 attacks.&lt;br /&gt;
“Is it true or false? I don’t know,” Olender said in a phone interview while working at her tailoring and cleaning business in the city’s Hanson Park neighborhood.&lt;br /&gt;
Olender said she’s particularly concerned because U.S. officials have said bin Laden’s body was buried at sea but haven’t offered any photographic proof that he was killed.&lt;br /&gt;
“To me, that seems strange, that they disposed of it and no one (besides) whoever was right there knows what happened, if it’s true or false, you know?” Olender said. [http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/breaking/chibrknews-bin-laden-gone-but-not-conspiracy-theories-20110502,0,4993669.story]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== See also ==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Islamic terrorism]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Afghanistan War]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Terrorism]] &lt;br /&gt;
* [[FBI Most Wanted Terrorist List]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Further reading==&lt;br /&gt;
* Randal, Jonathan. ''Osama: The Making of a Terrorist'' (2004). 339 pp.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bin Laden, Osama}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Terrorists]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: al-Qaeda]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Muslims]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Afghanistan War]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>MarkN85</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=EBay&amp;diff=866078</id>
		<title>EBay</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=EBay&amp;diff=866078"/>
		<updated>2011-05-03T15:35:41Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;MarkN85: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{lowercase}}&lt;br /&gt;
'''eBay''' is an [[Internet]] [[auction]] site and marketplace that was founded in 1995. The CEO of eBay Inc., which is publicly traded on [[NASDAQ]], was Meg Whitman. Whitman left the job in 2008.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;MSNBC: ''eBay CEO Meg Whitman to retire'', Jan. 23, 2008, retrieved on 10/14/2008[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/22782796/]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  eBay also owns [[Paypal]] and [[Skype]].  &lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External links==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://ebay.com/ eBay]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[category:websites|eBay]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>MarkN85</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Auction&amp;diff=865005</id>
		<title>Auction</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Auction&amp;diff=865005"/>
		<updated>2011-04-29T18:35:06Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;MarkN85: Created page with &amp;quot;An '''auction''' is a process by which a person or persons sell an item to buyers by the process of bidding.  There are several different ways that items can be auctioned off.  =...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;An '''auction''' is a process by which a person or persons sell an item to buyers by the process of bidding.  There are several different ways that items can be auctioned off.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Types of Auctions==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===English Auction===  &lt;br /&gt;
An English auction is one of the most common auctions, particularly popularized by the auction website [[eBay]].  In this type of an auction, the seller offers an item up for bidding.  The seller will describe the attributes of the item being auctioned before bids begin.  The opening bid is almost always less than what the value of the item is (for example, many auctions on eBay start out at $0.99, despite being worth upwards of thousands of dollars). Buyers can then bid up incrementally on the item.  Once there are no more bids to be placed, the item goes to the highest bidder.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Dutch Auction===&lt;br /&gt;
A dutch auction is similar to an English auction, but in this case, bidding starts at a very high price.  The auctioneer lowers the price of the item, until someone is willing to purchase it.  The term was popularized by auctions held by the Dutch for their tulips, which led to [[tulip mania]], and eventually, the near-collapse of the Dutch economy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Sealed bid first-price auction===&lt;br /&gt;
In this auction, all potential buyers anonymously submit the most that they are willing to pay for an item.  The auctioneer collects all of the bids, and the buyer who submitted the highest bid wins the item.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Sealed bid, second-price auction===&lt;br /&gt;
This is run exactly like a sealed bid, first price auction, except that the winner of the auction gets the item for the second highest price (i.e., if the winner bids $100, and the second highest bid was $75, then the $100 bidder gets the item for $75).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Common value auction===&lt;br /&gt;
In this auction, the seller gives no information to the sellers regarding the item for sale.  However, the sellers are able to do their own research on the item prior to bidding.  This type of auction is commonly used by the United States government in selling deep-sea oil drilling rights to private companies.  The government only provides the location of the area of the ocean or land tract up for sale.  The companies are allowed to perform their own inquiries into whether or not there may be oil in the tract up for sale, and there is no guarantee that they will find oil if they win that tract. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Penny auctions===&lt;br /&gt;
Penny auctions are primarily found on the internet.  In this type of auction, a high-value item starts off with an asking price of $0.01.  Bidders can only bid up by a penny.  However, bidders have to purchase bids from the auction house, the value of which runs anywhere from $0.60 to $1.00.  Every time a bid is placed on an item, the time left in the auction is reset.  This continues until no bids are placed before time runs out.  This is often considered a form of gambling, as the auction is extremely biased towards the house (i.e., if a computer sells for $95.00, the firm can make up to $9,499, depending on how much the bids cost the bidders)&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.usatoday.com/tech/news/2011-02-06-penny-auctions_N.htm Penny auctions promise savings, overlook downsides] USA Today, 02/06/2011&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;.  If a bidder does not win an item, they are still out all the money they spent on purchasing bids.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Strategies==&lt;br /&gt;
For a bidder, the strategy is to always bid less than what you believe the item to be, assuming that your valuation is higher than the other bidders.  A bidder's value of an item may be lower or higher than the actual retail value of the item for auction, and it differs amongst potential bidders (for example, hard-to-find popular retail items are usually sold for higher than the actual retail price on eBay).  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the case of a second-price auction, it is advantageous to bid your true value, assuming that it is higher than all the other bidders valuations.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;gardner&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Gardner, Roy. ''Games for Business and Economics''; John Wiley &amp;amp; Sons, Inc.; Hoboken, New Jersey. (2003) &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Auctions &amp;amp; Game Theory==&lt;br /&gt;
An example using game theory is listed below.  In this case, if both players bid the same amount, then the payout in parentheses is assumed to be half of the value, as they are equally likely to win the auction (usually through some means of a tie-breaker).  The values in parantheses are (Bidder #1 bid - Bidder #1 true value, Bidder #2 bid - Bidder #2 true value).  If one player bids higher than the other, the other bidder gets 0 (they don't get the item and don't spend any money).  The [[Nash equilibrium]]s are marked with an asterisk:&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
!Bidder #2 bids $3 (overbid)&lt;br /&gt;
!Bidder #2 bids $2 (their true value)&lt;br /&gt;
!Bidder #2 bids $1 (underbid)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Bidder #1 bids $3 (overbid)&lt;br /&gt;
| (-1, -0.5) &lt;br /&gt;
| (-2, 0)&lt;br /&gt;
| (-2, 0)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Bidder #1 bids $2 (overbid)&lt;br /&gt;
| (0, -1)&lt;br /&gt;
| (-.05, .05)&lt;br /&gt;
| (0, -1)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Bidder #1 bids $1 (their true value)&lt;br /&gt;
| (0, -2)&lt;br /&gt;
| (0, 1)*&lt;br /&gt;
| (0, .05)*&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In this case, Bidder #1 has a dominant strategy of bidding $1.  Therefore, if Bidder #2 bids $2, they will win the auction.  For this case, if you know what another person values an item at, shave your bid to their value, and do not go over yours. &amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;gardner&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist|1}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External Links==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.ebay.com eBay Online Auctions]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.sothebys.com Sotheby's Auction House]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Economics]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Commerce]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>MarkN85</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Worst_College_Majors&amp;diff=864989</id>
		<title>Worst College Majors</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Worst_College_Majors&amp;diff=864989"/>
		<updated>2011-04-29T16:54:34Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;MarkN85: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;The '''worst college majors''' are fields of study that leave the student with relatively few job opportunities and often a distorted or ultra-[[liberal]] view of the world.  If the student incurred debt in attending college, then he is left with obligations without any practical way to pay for them.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
We encourage college students and employers to improve this list over time.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Majors==&lt;br /&gt;
# Women's studies&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&amp;quot;Women’s studies ... is disappearing from British universities. ... Students have begun to realise, too, that women’s studies is useless for getting you a job. It’s no coincidence that the subject’s collapse coincided with the introduction of tuition fees. The moment you start paying for something is the moment you consider whether it’s really worthwhile.&amp;quot; [http://www.theinsider.com/news/639292_The_End_Of_Women_s_Studies_And_Other_Useless_Qualifications]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.boundless.org/2000/features/a0000225.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/features/why-is-gender-studies-dominated-by-one-gender-1.289830&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
# Film&lt;br /&gt;
# General Religious studies program at a [[liberal]] college&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;yahoolist&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;.  Religious majors at liberal colleges are often [[atheistic]] or anti-[[Christian]] in curriculum.  Ministers, however, have a low 1.2% unemployment rate in the [[United States]]. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703648304575212001278867126.html?mod=WSJ_hpp_sections_careerjournal]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
# English Literature/Literary Criticism&lt;br /&gt;
# Music Therapy&lt;br /&gt;
# Dance&lt;br /&gt;
# Interior Design&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;yahoolist&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
# Art History&amp;lt;ref name=yahoolist&amp;gt;[http://finance.yahoo.com/college-education/article/110196/20-worst-paying-college-degrees-in-2010 20 Worst-Paying College Degrees in 2010] Yahoo! Finance, 08/12/2010&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
# Comic Book Art&lt;br /&gt;
# Surfing Studies&lt;br /&gt;
# Golf Management – University of Birmingham / Florida Gulf Coast University&lt;br /&gt;
# Communications&lt;br /&gt;
# Gambling -- euphemistically called &amp;quot;Gaming&amp;quot; or Recreation &amp;amp; Leisure&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;yahoolist&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
# [[Evolution|Evolutionary biology]]&lt;br /&gt;
# Architecture &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.foxbusiness.com/slideshow/personal-finance/2010/06/28/worst-fields-graduates/#slide=5&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
# Degrees leading to careers in investment banking and corporate work&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.foxbusiness.com/slideshow/personal-finance/2010/06/28/worst-fields-graduates/#slide=3&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
# Journalism &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.foxbusiness.com/slideshow/personal-finance/2010/06/28/worst-fields-graduates/#slide=4&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
# Psychology&lt;br /&gt;
# Fashion Design&lt;br /&gt;
# Theater&lt;br /&gt;
# Horticulture&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;yahoolist&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
# Human Resources&lt;br /&gt;
# Photography&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Courses==&lt;br /&gt;
# Football Culture&lt;br /&gt;
# Queer Musicology – UCLA&lt;br /&gt;
# The Science of Harry Potter – Frostburg University &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;CBS News: ''Harry Potter Goes To College:  Professor Uses Boy Wizard To Explores Links Between Magic, Science'', by Bootie Cosgrove-Mather, Sept. 26, 2003 [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2003/11/19/national/main584456.shtml] ''...Frostburg State President Catherine R. Gira said she isn't worried that some may view a Harry Potter class as trivial.  &amp;quot;Irrespective of the specific title of the course, the 'magic' in the fiction is being analyzed by applying concepts of physics, chemistry, biology and engineering. This honors course creatively packages scientific principles in a contemporary way that will interest today's students,&amp;quot; Gira said.''&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
# Native American Feminism - University of Michigan&lt;br /&gt;
# Cyber Feminism - Cornell University&lt;br /&gt;
# Feminist New Black Man - Occidental College &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HvlL_lDk4ko Jason Mattera At CPAC, YouTube]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
# Philosophy and Star Trek – Georgetown University in Washington &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; [http://courses.georgetown.edu/index.cfm?Action=View&amp;amp;CourseID=PHIL-180]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
# Emotional Literacy&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1076368/Schools-councils-waste-300-000-useless-emotional-literacy-course-faraway-island-sun.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
# Media Genres, the study of zombies - University of Baltimore &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.aolnews.com/weird-news/article/university-of-baltimore-pop-culture-class-focuses-on-zombies/19625044?test=latestnews College Course Preps Pupils for Zombie Apocalypse, AOL News, September 9, 2010]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
# The Science of Superheroes - UC Irvine &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.newsrealblog.com/2010/11/14/the-top-8-california-schools-that-are-like-totally-wasting-your-money/ The Top 8 California Schools that Are, Like, Totally Wasting Your Money, NewsRealBlog, November 14, 2010]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
# Field Equipment Operation (tractor driving) - UC Davis&lt;br /&gt;
# Hip Hop: The Politics of Culture - UC San Diego&lt;br /&gt;
# History of Surfing - UC Santa Barbara&lt;br /&gt;
# Labor Studies - UM Saint Louis &amp;amp; UM Kansas City &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.thehotjoints.com/2011/04/25/video-college-course-teaches-violent-union-tactics/ Video: College Course Teaches Violent Union Tactics, The Hot Joints, April 25, 2011]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
# Arguing with Judge Judy - UC Berkeley&lt;br /&gt;
# Self-Esteem - Cal State Fresno&lt;br /&gt;
# Gaga for Lady Gaga: Sex, Gender, and Identity- University of Virginia-Charlottesville&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/09/10/lady-gaga-college-class_n_712540.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Sources ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://learnfinancialplanning.com/best-worst-college-majors-degree/ Best and Worst College Majors]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.toptenz.net/to-10-useless-college-classes-degrees.php Top 10 Useless College Degrees &amp;amp; Classes]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:college]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:education]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== References ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>MarkN85</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Essay:Liberal_Denials_about_History&amp;diff=864969</id>
		<title>Essay:Liberal Denials about History</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Essay:Liberal_Denials_about_History&amp;diff=864969"/>
		<updated>2011-04-29T15:23:14Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;MarkN85: see talk page&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Here are [[liberal]] denials about history, with the result that virtually no textbooks teach them.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== General denials ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The following truths about history are typically denied by liberal history textbooks:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
#That &amp;quot;Yankee ingenuity&amp;quot; (American inventions) far surpassed the rest of the world, and brought great wealth to it.&lt;br /&gt;
#That military battles are an essential part of history, and of preserving freedom.&lt;br /&gt;
#That there were valid reasons for past opposition to immigration which had nothing to do with racism; immigration did not enable the North to beat the South.&lt;br /&gt;
#That unions caused great harm, including senseless violence and lost jobs.&lt;br /&gt;
#That hard work was the key to the success of many Americans.&lt;br /&gt;
#That most great Americans, from Abraham Lincoln to Thomas Edison, were homeschooled.&lt;br /&gt;
#That [[Abraham Lincoln]]'s [[faith]] grew while he was President.&lt;br /&gt;
#That [[Benjamin Franklin]] abandoned the [[Deism]] of his youth later in his life.&lt;br /&gt;
#That [[Thomas Jefferson]]'s religious beliefs were not representative of the other [[Founding Fathers]].&lt;br /&gt;
#That [[Rhode Island]] and [[Thomas Jefferson]], and their view of a &amp;quot;separation of church and state,&amp;quot; had no role in the formation of the [[Constitution]].&lt;br /&gt;
#That there were [[conservative]] Presidents before [[Ronald Reagan]], such as [[George Washington]], [[James Monroe]] and [[Grover Cleveland]].&lt;br /&gt;
#That &amp;quot;anti-imperialism&amp;quot; movements against the United States were really communist or Muslim movements against Christianity, as in denying the Islamic basis for the Philippine insurgency around 1900.&lt;br /&gt;
#That the colony and state of &amp;quot;Virginia&amp;quot; was named after the &amp;quot;Virgin Queen&amp;quot; Elizabeth.&lt;br /&gt;
#That the colony and state of Maryland was named after Queen Henrietta Maria.&lt;br /&gt;
#That President [[FDR]] did not end the [[Great Depression]], and may have prolonged it.&lt;br /&gt;
#That President [[LBJ]]'s [[Great Society]] did little to alleviate poverty.&lt;br /&gt;
#That President [[Ronald Reagan]]'s foreign policy was key to ending the Cold War.&lt;br /&gt;
#That NO &amp;quot;[[triangular trade]]&amp;quot; existed in the 17th and 18th centuries with the New World&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;In fact, no specific &amp;quot;triangular&amp;quot; trade route has ever been identified and it is unlikely that there was significant sale of goods to Africa at that time.  The term was invented by an historian more than 100 years later.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
#That the [[Catholic Church]] has a history of promoting science, not suppressing it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== General bias ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
#Standard textbooks mislead students into thinking that contributions to history were somehow based more on status than by effort or Providence.  This bias is a form of [[Essay:Status Worship|status worship]].&lt;br /&gt;
#Standard textbooks emphasize material things (like race, gender, wealth, scarcity) at the expense of the more important role played by ideas and &amp;quot;the power of the pen.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
#Standard textbooks overemphasize the significance of popularity (e.g [[JFK]]).&lt;br /&gt;
#Standard textbooks mislead students into thinking that presidential elections (which are usually just determined by the economic cycle) are more significant than warranted.&lt;br /&gt;
#Standard textbooks ignore or deceive students about the fact that most great contributions to western society have been made by conservative Christians.&lt;br /&gt;
#Standard textbooks portray all presidents have being comparable in effectiveness and accomplishment, when in fact some were successful and some were failures.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Specific truths that history books deny or distort==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
#[[Rhode Island]] was the only state to separate church and state, and as a result it became the biggest importer of slaves.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&amp;quot;The largest slave trading ports in America were located in Rhode Island and soon rivaled those of Liverpool. The wealth and economy of New England was based solely on slave trading and exporting rum; and the southern most colonies were NOT part of that odious slave trade.&amp;quot;[http://www.floridareenactorsonline.com/realslavetraders.htm]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
#[[Chivalry]] was customary throughout most of American history.&lt;br /&gt;
#The greatest corruption in government during the Grant Administration was by the Democratic-controlled &amp;quot;[[Tammany Hall]].&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
#The misnamed &amp;quot;[[Gilded Age]]&amp;quot; generated tremendous prosperity for the world, thanks to an absence of stifling regulation.&lt;br /&gt;
#[[Public school]] education in its current form in the U.S.A. is less than 100 years old.&lt;br /&gt;
#[[Atheist]] materialism lay behind the genocidal crimes of the [[Nazi]]s&lt;br /&gt;
#[[Martin Luther King]] was a Republican who preached Conservative values.&lt;br /&gt;
#[[Lenin]] was a ruthless and violent dictator who oppressed the people of the [[Soviet Union]] as thoroughly as [[Stalin]].&lt;br /&gt;
#[[Nazism]], with its insistence on the collective, was a [[left-wing]] doctrine.&lt;br /&gt;
#That the Democratic Party supported slavery, while the Republican party opposed it&lt;br /&gt;
(add more)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== References ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:United States History Essays]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>MarkN85</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Talk:Essay:Liberal_Denials_about_History&amp;diff=864782</id>
		<title>Talk:Essay:Liberal Denials about History</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Talk:Essay:Liberal_Denials_about_History&amp;diff=864782"/>
		<updated>2011-04-28T18:30:22Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;MarkN85: /* Thomas Jefferson */ new section&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;== Public school education in its current form is less than 100 years old.  ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
So is penicillin. That doesn't make it a bad thing. [[User:AliceBG|AliceBG]] 18:15, 5 September 2008 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
: Then why don't liberals admit it about public schools, and question its long-term value (harm)?--[[User:Aschlafly|Aschlafly]] 18:20, 5 September 2008 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:Can you provide any sources that show that the majority of liberals deny that the current public education system is less than 100 years old? As a liberal, and being in a fairly liberal community, I have never even heard that this was an issue. --[[User:AndrasK|AndrasK]] 21:03, 5 September 2008 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
::Should this entry not read 'American public schools...', I am not going to comment on American schools, as I know very little about them. However public schools (in the American sense, ie state sponsored and controlled schools) have existed for centuries in other countries.  For instance the state school I went to was founded in 1445 --[[User:J00ni|J00ni]] 18:55, 6 October 2008 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:::Universal education has been provided from public funds in Scotland since about 1570. England caught up with the Education Act in 1870 and many towns and villages, including the one I live in, have state schools which are much older than that (early 19th century in our case). So as J00ni says, this statement is specific to the USA.&lt;br /&gt;
:::In any case, as AliceBG says, so what? [[User:FredFerguson|FredFerguson]] 19:29, 10 February 2009 (EST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== This essay sparks interest, but... ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
...then we're left with no source or explanation, so the overall impression is a startled shrug. Which ''is'' a pity, so I offer my view in the hope that you could expand it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For example, the Rhode Island point immediately triggers the question what makes you assume that this single cause (separation of church and state) among the undoubtedly many had the consequence (slave importer). Our entry about Rhode Island currently states that &amp;quot;Rhode Island was the first state to outlaw slavery&amp;quot;, so what's to stop somebody from claiming that the separation of church and state caused this, too? Without any explanation or source, both conclusions are equally valid (and shaky).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The point about public school education in its current form being just 100 years old is fairly weak because my reaction was &amp;quot;...it seems to work pretty well, so what's the point?&amp;quot; You seem to assume that every conservative will go &amp;quot;Oh no! Public schools in their current form are horrible!&amp;quot;, but... nope, sorry. :/ I'm not saying public schools are Heaven on Earth, but to me, this item looks out of place on a list about Liberal History Denials. It would help if you at least explained the alternative: What changed 100 years ago?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
And if I'm not ''completely'' mistaken, liberals don't deny that chivalry was a big thing here (conversely, I never noticed conservatives pointing out that chivalry was customary throughout history) - it just happened to be a big thing in several other countries, too, so I don't see the need to go out of my way to point it out. It's sort of a given. But maybe I'm missing your point. Please enlighten me, I'm always open for new ideas!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lastly, the &amp;quot;American Indians vs. Asians&amp;quot; thing... really needs a source. Who says they're &amp;quot;too different&amp;quot;, for example? And on what basis? This sounds like a fairly complex evolution issue, so it ''really'' needs some background.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I'm fairly new here, and this essay strikes me as a collection of &amp;quot;inside jokes&amp;quot; (not in the &amp;quot;funny&amp;quot; sense, but in the &amp;quot;This will make little sense unless you also read my other fifty essays about these things&amp;quot; sense). So I would appreciate some expansion of these points. --[[User:DirkB|DirkB]] 19:47, 5 September 2008 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
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: As to your first point, there's no denying a correlation between the separation of church and state and slavery, though [[liberals]] will refuse to admit it.  I've updated our Rhode Island entry to reflect that this tiny state controlled 60-90% of the African slave trade after the Revolution.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
: Your other points are not any more open-minded.  Public schools in their current form is less than 100 years old.  It's a fact.  The fact has significance.  Admit it and teach it.  If you think critical analysis of the results of this less-than-100-year experience is inappropriate, then welcome to the liberal mindset.&lt;br /&gt;
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: Chivalry is not taught as part of history.  It should be.  Your view is unclear.&lt;br /&gt;
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: American Indians are different from Asians in almost every significant way.  Blood type.  Interests.  Every other measure you can think of.  Deny it and join the liberal denial about history.--[[User:Aschlafly|Aschlafly]] 20:06, 5 September 2008 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
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I have a few questions about these. I'll address them one by one for simplicity.&lt;br /&gt;
# Can one say for sure they are too different for one to have descended from the other? YEC theory postulates that everyone is descended from two people. Obviously major changes in such groups have occurred over the years, and very different groups must have common ancestry.&lt;br /&gt;
#Rhode Island was the biggest importer of slaves? That's news to me. Overall, I think you'll find Virginia, Georgia, and the Carolinas imported more slaves than Rhode Island ever did. I know you don't care for Wikipedia, but, for lack of a more convenient source, if you look at their [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_in_America Slavery in America] article, you'll see he highest slave population for any year in RI was less than a thousand, while in Virginia it at one point reached nearly half a million.&lt;br /&gt;
#Chivalry, in its most literal sense, dealt with etiquette among the gentry and nobility. America does not have a nobility, has never had knighthood, and has not had such a code. In its less formal sense: etiquette rules in general, manners, politeness (especially towards women), I don't think anyone denies its presence. &lt;br /&gt;
#As for the age of the public school system, I'm not sure if its denied; I just wonder the significance. If you're saying it's not  adequately tried and true, well, I have to wonder, what is the alternative? Homeschooling is not an option for most people. Even when one parent can stay home with the child for 18 years, how competent will any one person be at teaching multiple subjects at an advanced level? I consider myself a pretty smart guy, but I couldn't teach most classes at a high school level. If I ever had a special needs child I wouldn't know where to begin. It seems to me there are 4 choices: public school, private school, home school, or no school. The last should not be an option, the middle two aren't available to everyone, so that just leaves public school. While its far from perfect, I think efforts should go towards improvement rather than dismissal.&lt;br /&gt;
Well, that's my thought. I hope you'll take the time to reply. Thanks. [[User:Sanders|Sanders]] 20:43, 5 September 2008 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
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::(Edit Conflict with Sanders, so some points might overlap)&lt;br /&gt;
::Andy, I believe you missed ''all'' of my points and simply replied by repeating your claims. But maybe it's my fault for not being clear enough. Paraphrasing Sun Tzu: &amp;quot;If words of question are not clear and distinct, if requests are not thoroughly understood, then the initial poster is to blame.&amp;quot; So here we go again, more to the point (I hope):&lt;br /&gt;
::#&amp;quot;There's no denying it&amp;quot; is a very bad reply to a request for sourcing and explanation. If it's so obvious and undeniable, then you can surely produce at least a single source that explains (instead of just asserting) it. Or, since you arrived at that conclusion, you can surely explain it yourself. You're a teacher - would you tell your student that &amp;quot;there's no denying it&amp;quot; if they asked you &amp;quot;Could you explain how Rhode Island's position as #1 slave importer was a result of the church/state separation?&amp;quot;? I hope not.&lt;br /&gt;
::#I didn't doubt that &amp;quot;public school education in its current form is less than 100 years old&amp;quot;. My questions were how things had been 100 years ago and what the point of this claim is. You don't even say what the results are, but you imply that I disfavor critical analysis of such results. In fact, that's why I repeatedly called for expansion of your points. I know you value conciseness, but in its current form, this essay only teases and hints, but fails to deliver. Which is why I made my initial comment in the first place (along with notes saying just that).&lt;br /&gt;
::#Chivalry... I really don't get why you want to stress it in a single country when it was widely spread. Unless your point is that it should be pointed out also for the other countries. I could agree with that. But either way, this strikes me as pointless. Also, your claim that it's not taught is weak: My History teacher pointed out that it was followed in the US and other countries as a basic concept, along with a brief primer about its roots. But from what I remember, it's more of a social issue and less of a distinct historic one in terms of impact (and even less of a distinct US History one), so I currently don't see the need for such emphasis. But I repeat: I'm willing to listen if you explain it. I'm open for new things. But simply repeating your short claims without any sort of source or background won't help.&lt;br /&gt;
::#A great response. I ask for background, a source and an expansion, and you basically reply with &amp;quot;Almost everything is different! If you deny this, then you're a Liberal History Denier!&amp;quot; Though I admit that the &amp;quot;Their interests are different!&amp;quot; bit cracked me up. I always like a teacher with humor. I can see it now. &amp;quot;Asians like Mahjong. American Indians didn't. Hah-ha!&amp;quot; :P Seriously, though, you're making a veeeeery strong claim here that deeply dips into evolutionary biology and ethnology, so in the interest of all your readers, I ask for a source.&lt;br /&gt;
::I hope this sums up my issues in a more clear way. I'm happy you replied, but I would be even happier if you actually replied to my questions/requests. :) --[[User:DirkB|DirkB]] 20:57, 5 September 2008 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
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::: DirkB, at the risk of belaboring the obvious, let me try again:&lt;br /&gt;
::: Point 1:  religion teaches that slavery is wrong.  Separating church and state means separating &amp;quot;slavery is wrong&amp;quot; from &amp;quot;state&amp;quot;.  The result is legalized slavery.  Got it now?  That's why Rhode Island imported up to 90% of the slaves.  Don't continue to pretend you don't get the connection.  Of course liberals are going to deny the connection exists, and perhaps so will you.&lt;br /&gt;
::: Point 2:  there's no question here requiring a response.  This is a fact that should be taught and discussed.  But liberals won't.&lt;br /&gt;
::: Point 3:  if you think your history teacher taught you about chivalry in colonial America, then please repeat that for our benefit here.  I doubt you heard much about it.&lt;br /&gt;
::: Point 4:  I said the blood types (and virtually everything else) is different between American Indians and Asians.  You respond with silliness.  You have free will to deny the truth.  I'm interested in the truth and that's where you'll find me.--[[User:Aschlafly|Aschlafly]] 21:37, 5 September 2008 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
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(undent) Aschlafly, I assume that the Asian/Native American theory is taught because it is the consensus generally agreed upon by the experts. If it is so obviously wrong, what do you suggest should be taught in its place? [[User:KimEide|KimEide]] 11:07, 6 September 2008 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
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:I am curious about what is meant by &amp;quot;blood types&amp;quot;. After all, all humans share the same blood types or groups (if it refers to A, B, O, AB). Or is it a reference to DNA? --[[User:JessicaT|KotomiT]]&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;[[User talk:JessicaT|''Hajimemashite!'']]&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; 12:40, 6 September 2008 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
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On the Rhode Is. slavery question, I think this may be Andy's reference: &lt;br /&gt;
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''Rhode Island, of course, was among the most active Northern colonies in importing slaves. Between 1709 and 1807, Rhode Island merchants sponsored at least 934 slaving voyages to the coast of Africa and carried an estimated 106,544 slaves to the New World. From 1732-64, Rhode Islanders sent annually 18 ships, bearing 1,800 hogsheads of rum, to Africa to trade for slaves, earning £40,000 annually. Newport, the colony's leading slave port, took an estimated 59,070 slaves to America before the Revolution. Bristol and Providence also prospered from it. In the years after the Revolution, Rhode Island merchants controlled between 60 and 90 percent of the American trade in African slaves.&lt;br /&gt;
http://www.slavenorth.com/rhodeisland.htm''  [[User:AlanE|AlanE]] 15:09, 6 September 2008 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
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==A bulleted list...==&lt;br /&gt;
A bullet list doesn't quite make it as an essay. While I'd like to think the author will be making additions and fleshing out his arguments, other [[Essay:5 Questions to Ask an Anti-Conservative|&amp;quot;essays&amp;quot;]] [[Essay:10 Ways Liberals Create Atheists|similarly]] are nothing more than [[Essay:Most Influential Persons|baldfaced assertions]] with little or no [[Essay:Electoral College|actual]] [[Essay:Conservatism Essential to Religion|substance]] or [[Essay:Greatest Mysteries of American History|well thought-out]] [[Essay:Hillary's Strategy to Win|arguments]]. Most seem nothing more than mere lists of things to be against, to link to internal articles (or worse other &amp;quot;essays&amp;quot;).&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&amp;lt;s&amp;gt;Good luck defending your lists Aschlafly, for without an inkling as to what thoughts may be behind your spate of &amp;quot;essays&amp;quot;, readers will likely come to the conclusion that the author of such drivel cannot be a vital, energetic thinker but an intellectually lazy and shallow person who cannot put across a cogent argument and satisfies his impotent rage with lists of &amp;quot;bad thoughts&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;/s&amp;gt; [[User talk:MargeryCampbell|Marge]] 15:40, 6 September 2008 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
===NOTE===&lt;br /&gt;
The above was written by me, Christopher Campbell using my mother's account here. She only found out that I was using her account shen she tried to edit later on and found that she could not due to being blocked. At first she thought someone on the internet &amp;quot;hacked&amp;quot; her account and while it was tempting to let her believe this I finally fessed up to making the edit.&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
My Mother will not let me have any internet accounts of my own that she hasn't personally set up and monitor. Nor will she let me have an account here at Conservapedia, (which is why I was forced to use her account). She said that the above proves that I am not ready to edit responsibly, showing (as it does) little regard for the feelings of Mr Schlafly and his efforts to make Conservapedia the best it can be. &lt;br /&gt;
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'''I therefore publicly apologize to you Mr Schlafly for the great wrong I have done, &amp;quot;speaking&amp;quot; rashly and denigrating your encyclopedia without care as to you, your administrators and the other fine editors who are attempting to make Conservapedia a resource we all can be proud of.'''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Christopher Campbell 16:15, 9 September 2008 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
(EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
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:::Well I think that (for one so young) it was an excellent, if somewhat abrasive critique.  It is, however, best to critique the work and ideas not the man: drop the &amp;quot;drivel&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;intellectually lazy&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;shallow&amp;quot; comments next time.  --[[User:Toffeeman|Toffeeman]] 10:35, 11 September 2008 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
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== Dark Ages ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Bullet point 7: &amp;quot;The so-called Dark Ages saw a great revolution in science and learning, brought about by the spread of Christianity throughout Europe and the establishment of networks of monastic 'universities'.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The first phrase is correct, but the rest isn't. The revolution in learning took place in Muslim countries in particular, as well as India and China although the latter two areas did not influence Europe directly until the late 13th century. Europe contributed very little original scholarship indeed for nearly six centuries. A list of notable scholars in Europe in the Dark Ages (by which I assume you mean from the end of the Western Empire in 476 to the early 11th century) would include Isidore of Seville, the great encyclopaedist (d.636), Bede, the historian (d.735), and Alcuin, the theologian and polymath (d.804). There may be a few others but these are probably the only three who stand comparison with the much large number of eminent Muslim scholars of that half-millennium (and even Alcuin would be doubtful in that regard). Europe was very much an intellectual backwater until Gerbert of Aurillac (later Pope Sylvester II from 999) brought Arab learning from Cordoba to Christian Europe.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Places like Seville around 600, Jarrow around 700 and Charlemagne's court at Aachen around 800 were centres of scholarship (qv Isidore, Bede and Alcuin respectively) but cannot by any stretch of the imagination be described as universities. The concept of a university as an educational institution which teaches and awards degrees in a wide range of subjects originated in the Muslim world. Those at Fez and Cairo, built in what Europeans call the Dark Ages, are still very much active. The establishment of the earliest universities in Christian Europe, e.g. Bologna, was clearly inspired by the success of universities in Muslim Europe (i.e. Sicily and Spain).&lt;br /&gt;
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Bottom line: this bullet point should be deleted. [[User:WaZi|WaZi]] 15:47, 28 September 2008 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
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:You are incorrect in your interpretation. A study of Bede's life would show that Jarrow did not stand in isolation, but was part of a network of monastic 'universities' - and the term is used advisedly - that extended across [[Christendom]]. The emphasis in modern historical studies on [[Islamic]] scholarship is based upon a prevalent self-hating Liberal ideology that is unable to credit [[Christianity]] with any positive achievements, and retrospectively adorns the current enemy of modern democratic values with laurels. This is not top decry medieval Islamic scholarship, which had much of merit, but to rescue Christian science and scholarship from its current, politially-motivated neglect. [[User:Bugler|Bugler]] 15:53, 28 September 2008 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
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::1. It sounds as though you need to do some reading about early mediaeval scholarship! Isidore certainly influenced Muslim scholars in Spain but, Bede apart, no Christian scholar from the mid-7th to early 11th century made an original contribution to scholarship comparable to those of Muslims such as Avicenna and Averroes or Jews such as Moses Maimonides.&lt;br /&gt;
::2. I don't understand your point about &amp;quot;the current enemy of modern democratic values&amp;quot;. How does that relate to Islam in general? [[User:WaZi|WaZi]] 16:56, 28 September 2008 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
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:::WaZi is correct. I've deleted this statement. [[User:FredFerguson|FredFerguson]] 19:32, 10 February 2009 (EST)&lt;br /&gt;
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==Conservative denials about history==&lt;br /&gt;
If liberals were to write their own version of this, it would probably accuse conservatives of lying about exactly the same subjects. Wouldn't it be better to make a serious historical claim, with references to academic analysis, verifiable sources, and such respectable things? It would certinly be better than just declaring that liberals are lying with a one-sentence claim and no backing evidence, even if they are. It makes conservapedia look stupid. [[User:NewCrusader|NewCrusader]] 14:40, 6 October 2008 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
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== Misnamed ==&lt;br /&gt;
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I always thought that it was called the &amp;quot;guilded age&amp;quot; because there was so much money and prosperity; everything was figuratively gold-coated (gilded). I'm confused why this age is misnamed. [[User:HelpJazz|Help]][[User talk:HelpJazz|Jazz]] 20:15, 13 October 2008 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
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==Status==&lt;br /&gt;
''That contributions to history are determined more by status than by effort or Providence. This bias is a form of status worship.'' I'm confused.  Isn't it liberals who are always being accused of insisting that the contributions of minorities and women be added to textbooks and courses, even if that displaces learning about white men with more status whose contributions may have been more significant?  --[[User:Hsmom|Hsmom]] 16:10, 28 October 2008 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
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: &amp;quot;Status&amp;quot; is not the same as &amp;quot;contributions&amp;quot;.  Often they are opposites.  The comment here is about the increasing focus of history books on status, such as who held public office or who won an award, rather than on contributions such as Thomas Edison's works.  This issue has nothing to do with race.--[[User:Aschlafly|Aschlafly]] 16:48, 28 October 2008 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
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::Is there any evidence that history books once had less focus on &amp;quot;status&amp;quot; than they do now?  [[User:Corry|Corry]] 21:27, 28 October 2008 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
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::: My personal experience as a teacher of over 6 years, and as a student.  There is more focus today on who held what position, rather than who accomplished what.  I welcome anyone who has old textbooks to see how much more attention was paid to folks like Thomas Edison in the past.--[[User:Aschlafly|Aschlafly]] 21:34, 28 October 2008 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
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== Amerindians &amp;amp; Asians ==&lt;br /&gt;
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The statement that American Indians are too different from East Asians to have been descended from them is incorrect so I've deleted it. Several genetic studies using variation in DNA sequences have shown that American Indians are more closely related to East Asians than to any other group. E.g. see Risch et al (2003) in ''Genome Biology'' 3:1−12. [[User:FredFerguson|FredFerguson]] 19:41, 10 February 2009 (EST)&lt;br /&gt;
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== Specific Denials ==&lt;br /&gt;
1. First of all, your source is &amp;quot;www.floridareenactorsonline.com.&amp;quot; A history professor would laugh at you while writing a massive F if you used this as a source. Not that its facts are necessarily wrong. Northern merchants were almost certainly involved in the slave trade. The article does not attempt to make any connection between separation of church and state and the slave trade; in fact, its discussion of Rhode Island concentrates mainly on the pre-Revolution era, so describing it as a state in the essay is an anachronism.&lt;br /&gt;
2. Thomas Jefferson may not have been the single most successful president ever, but he did engineer the Louisiana Purchase and win the first Barbary War. As for important, his extensive political writings were fundamental in early American political thought. He also did write the first drafts of the Declaration, and most of his material remained in the final copy.&lt;br /&gt;
3. Not really sure what this means. How would this be taught in a history class? I assume you're talking about gender courtesies, not an archaic system of aristocratic hierarchy, but even these gender interactions are based around specific social and economic circumstances, and these are commonly addressed by history books. To simply teach that &amp;quot;chivalry was customary&amp;quot; tells the student nothing about history.&lt;br /&gt;
4. Quite frankly, so what? In general, the Grant era was corrupt on all counts. I assume this is some assertion that liberals hide all the Democrats' faults, but most liberals assert that the parties of the late 19th century are vastly different from today's, so the point is moot. &lt;br /&gt;
5. It did create tremendous prosperity, but it did this through the toil of an underclass that could rarely hope to see the fruits of their labors. The lack of regulation did allow for unprecedented growth, but at the expense of average people.&lt;br /&gt;
6. As other people have pointed out, so what? Lots of things are less than 100 years old, and they're perfectly fine. Glorification of traditionalism is not always a good thing. &lt;br /&gt;
7. Teaching it as purely &amp;quot;atheist materialism&amp;quot; is, as with much of these points, a vast oversimplification that does the student a disservice. The Holocaust has vast and complicated roots that are well studied and cannot be boiled down to simply &amp;quot;atheist materialism.&amp;quot; Traditionally, this point is used to demonstrate how evil &amp;quot;Atheism&amp;quot; (and more specifically, &amp;quot;Darwinism&amp;quot;) is, but that's not a very good, logical argument. An idea's misuse does not make it wrong; I'm sure you would agree anytime I point out some evil act a Christian has perpetrated with the defense &amp;quot;well they're not real Christians.&amp;quot; Misapplication of an idea (and I'll let others get into more depth on how innacurate it is even to say it's an application of the idea) does not make the idea wrong.&lt;br /&gt;
9. Not once in my extensive liberal education was I tought that Lenin was a good dude. You're going to need to cite where this is denied.&lt;br /&gt;
10. I'll refer you back to point seven here. I could just as easily say &amp;quot;The KKK, with its insistence on authority, was a right-wing doctrine.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:CWaddell|CWaddell]] 23:41, 23 February 2009 (EST)&lt;br /&gt;
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==Virginia==&lt;br /&gt;
In what way does the naming of Virginia come under ''&amp;quot;The following truths about history are '''typically''' denied by liberal history textbooks:&amp;quot;''? In my extensive reading I have never come across a denial of Virginia being named after Elizabeth, and I am quite sure that many of these books would qualify as &amp;quot;liberal&amp;quot;  in your eyes, Andy. Maybe some text book has denied it, but is it '''typical''' of the genre? May we have the names of some of these books please? [[User:AlanE|AlanE]] 17:20, 29 March 2009 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
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== Triangular Trade ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Why would liberals assert the existence of triangular trade if it didn't exist?  I went to a Christian high school and I was taught about triangular trade.  I'm not doubting, at all, the word of an actual history teacher, I'm genuinely curious what makes this a liberal myth, and if it maybe should be on the regular [[Essay:Greatest Myths of World History]] instead.  [[User:JacobB|JacobB]] 17:52, 11 August 2009 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
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:I have an open mind about this.  But the &amp;quot;triangle&amp;quot; doesn't make sense because Africa was not a consumer of finished goods.  The term &amp;quot;triangular trade&amp;quot; was an invention of modern historians; it was never used contemporaneously with the trade.&lt;br /&gt;
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:Some people like [[deceit]] for its own sake.  It seems to amuse them.  Why did a phony runner enter the Munich stadium in 1972 as though he was leading the marathon?  It accomplished nothing and robbed the real leader (Frank Shorter) of his moment of triumph, yet some people (often liberals) seem to get a thrill out of fooling others.  It's quite possible someone amused himself with popularizing an absurd concept of &amp;quot;triangular trade.&amp;quot;--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 18:03, 11 August 2009 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
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::Oh, I was just curious, I'm not claiming that this ISN'T liberal deceit.  I've been looking into it for an hour or so and I understand now why it's untrue, which kind of makes me upset with my (private, Christian) school for teaching this.   I was just wondering what made it ''liberal'' deceit.  &lt;br /&gt;
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::It does seem possible somebody made up the idea that Africa was consuming trade goods just to spread a falsehood, and attempting to portray an underdeveloped area as being more developed than it was, or more advanced than it was, reeks of multiculturalist revisionist history.  Makes sense to call it liberal, then, in that sense.  Thanks for explaining! [[User:JacobB|JacobB]] 18:51, 11 August 2009 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
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The idea that Africa was not consuming any trade goods at all is, of course, wrong. The crew of the trading ships did not (at least not in all instances) hunt down and catch the slaves themselves, but often bought them from African (or European, for that matter) slave traders, in Africa. These slave traders, of course, demanded something in return. Yes, the goods brought to Africa for the slaves were absurdly cheap compared to the human lives that they bought, but that's what trade is all about - you buy something at a low price, and sell it at a high. Perhaps it can be debated whether the goods brought the Africa were plentiful enough to in a normal context call it a Triangular Trade, but there is no reason to believe anyone is trying to deceive anyone; there are just various semantic opinions. The facts are that (a small amount of) goods from Europe were used to pay for slaves in Africa, and from the evidence I have seen, I personally don't find it absurd to call this a Triangular Trade. [[User:Crucialwood|Crucialwood]] 07:13, 12 August 2009 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
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: The resistance by Crucialwood simply illustrates how difficult it is to eradicate a misleading liberal concept from education.  &amp;quot;Triangular trade&amp;quot; is indisputably misleading.  There was no significant trade of finished manufactured goods to Africa, and people at the time did not use that term.  The term is a modern invention that misleads, and should be rejected.  Yet Crucialwood insists on keeping it.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 10:21, 12 August 2009 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
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::I do not see how the term i misleading, almost no matter how little goods were traded to Africa. When I was taught of the triangular trade in school, I was presented with the following facts: Ships set off from Europe with a small amount of cheap goods, traded them for slaves in Africa, took the slaves to America and brought American goods back to Europe. Even if the goods in the first part of the triangle only consisted of a bottle of whiskey for 100 slaves, I can't see how the term &amp;quot;triangular trade&amp;quot; is misleading. Perhaps stating &amp;quot;there was significant trade of finished manufactured goods to Africa&amp;quot; is misleading (though I do not have enough evidence at this time to say even that for certain), but the term does not imply that.&lt;br /&gt;
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::Also, maybe I am missing something, but I do not see why you insist on the term &amp;quot;finished manufactured goods&amp;quot;. Does not any goods traded to Africa suffice? [[User:Crucialwood|Crucialwood]] 10:45, 12 August 2009 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
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The point that's being missed here is that ''triangular trade'' implies that there was significant trade of finished manufactured goods to Africa. Trinkets are not &amp;quot;finished manufactured goods&amp;quot;. Ships did move in a triangular course, but this does not mean that the 3 legs of the triangle were equal. Human life was terribly undervalued, both by the men who captured slaves in Africa and the European whites who bought those slaves and brought them to America. Note that treating people as chattel goods is '''not''' what trade is all about. --[[User:Ed Poor|Ed Poor]] &amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;[[User talk:Ed Poor|Talk]]&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; 11:12, 12 August 2009 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:I would not say that point is being &amp;quot;missed&amp;quot;, when I had addressed it quite specifically. Why does ''triangular trade'' imply significant trade of finished manufactured goods? Why does the three legs of the triangle have to be &amp;quot;equal&amp;quot; (which basically just means that WE set a subjective value for the trade goods, by today's standards; not taking into account that the goods were actually sufficient to buy humans in Africa, which, in a context of trade, would in fact imply they were &amp;quot;equal&amp;quot;)? [[User:Crucialwood|Crucialwood]] 23:28, 12 August 2009 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Liberal rant ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This isn't an essay, rather an intellectually shallow, and unsourced bullet list of jingoistic propositions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Example: &lt;br /&gt;
''1. That &amp;quot;Yankee ingenuity&amp;quot; (American inventions) far surpassed the rest of the world, and brought great wealth to it''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is a useless assertion,if not outright jingoistic, as &amp;quot;Yankee ingenuity&amp;quot; (please define this term more exactly if you can) took place over a broad time period of competing inventions from Europe. Additionally, many &amp;quot;Yankee inventions&amp;quot; were conceptualized by foreign nationals, see for example the machine gun, nuclear fission, rocket science (the last two being the key factors in American hegemonic rise in the late 20th century) Additionally, you really need to define Yankee and even American nation. A great argument can be made that it didn't exist until the cusp of the American revolution (if by Yankee innovation you're referring to early history).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
  &lt;br /&gt;
''5. That hard work was the key to the success of many Americans.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It's not an American trait purely, you're referring to the &amp;quot;Protestant Work Ethic&amp;quot;, a Weberian Thesis. &lt;br /&gt;
See for example ,for an overview; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;A. Furnham, The Protestant Work Ethic: A Review of the Psychological Literature, European Journal of Social Psychology, 14:1, pp 87-104&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''6. That most great Americans, from Abraham Lincoln to Thomas Edison, were homeschooled.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Irrelevant in the context of the educational standards of the day. Public education was rare and basic, private tutelage was the method of education for upper class families since time immemorial until the modern advent of public education.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
  10. That Rhode Island and Thomas Jefferson, and their view of a &amp;quot;separation of church and state,&amp;quot; had no role in the formation of the Constitution.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
False, Citation needed before I'll accept that.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 ''12. That &amp;quot;anti-imperialism&amp;quot; movements against the United States were really communist or Muslim movements against Christianity, as in denying the Islamic basis for the Philippine insurgency around 1900.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
False, Ditto #10. Additionally,You need to prove the presence of Muslim movements against Christian's as a theme in colonial conflict,a great argument can be made that Islamic resistance movements are solely a product of decolonization. Finally, you need to prove that these communist or muslim resistance groups are fighting for Marx or Muhammad rather than masking anti-imperial or nationalist urges with a thin cover of ideology.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''15. That President FDR did not end the Great Depression, and may have prolonged it.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Arguable, citation needed. Argument against see: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Gauti Eggertsson, Great Expectations and the End of the Depression, American Economic Review, 98:4,2008,pp 1476-1516&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''17. That President Ronald Reagan's foreign policy was key to ending the Cold War.&lt;br /&gt;
''&lt;br /&gt;
False. Shows a gross misunderstanding of the full view, jingoistic. Author needs to review the literature on Perestroika, and Glasnost, as well as passive resistance within the Soviet Union . Should also review the role of Yeltsin, and the presidents of Ukraine and Belorussia in the immediate period pre-dissolution. Argument should be that Reagan played a crucial role rather than the key role in my opinion.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''18. That NO &amp;quot;triangular trade&amp;quot; existed in the 17th and 18th centuries with the New World[1]''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Irrelevant, straw man argument. Triangle trade is no longer explained as tangible trade routes, rather as a historical construction to understand flows of commerce and explanations for slavery and the first explosion of imperialism in the 17th century. Analogous to the Columbian exchange. Triangle trade not taken absolutely seriously as a tangible fact since '70;s. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
See Gilman Ostrander, The making of the Traignular trade myth, The william and mary quarterly, 3:30:4, 1973, pp 635-644&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Reply ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:REPLY:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:''1. That &amp;quot;Yankee ingenuity&amp;quot; (American inventions) far surpassed the rest of the world, and brought great wealth to it''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:This is a useless assertion,if not outright jingoistic, as &amp;quot;Yankee ingenuity&amp;quot; (please define this term more exactly if you can) took place over a broad time period of competing inventions from Europe. Additionally, many &amp;quot;Yankee inventions&amp;quot; were conceptualized by foreign nationals, see for example the machine gun, nuclear fission, rocket science (the last two being the key factors in American hegemonic rise in the late 20th century) Additionally, you really need to define Yankee and even American nation. A great argument can be made that it didn't exist until the cusp of the American revolution (if by Yankee innovation you're referring to early history).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
::You're in absurd denial here.  There's no disputing that a vast majority of wealth-enhancing inventions have been American.&lt;br /&gt;
  &lt;br /&gt;
:''5. That hard work was the key to the success of many Americans.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:It's not an American trait purely, you're referring to the &amp;quot;Protestant Work Ethic&amp;quot;, a Weberian Thesis. &lt;br /&gt;
See for example ,for an overview; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;quot;A. Furnham, The Protestant Work Ethic: A Review of the Psychological Literature, European Journal of Social Psychology, 14:1, pp 87-104&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
::It's an undeniable fact:  Americans work harder than the rest of the world.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:''6. That most great Americans, from Abraham Lincoln to Thomas Edison, were homeschooled.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:Irrelevant in the context of the educational standards of the day. Public education was rare and basic, private tutelage was the method of education for upper class families since time immemorial until the modern advent of public education.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
::You're clueless. Try reading [[homeschooling]] with an open-mind and then let's discuss.  Contributions by homeschoolers far surpass, in proportionate terms, contributions by people who went to public school.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
::Before I waste time further on this discussion, can you indicate how you do on [[Essay:Quantifying Open-Mindedness|open-mindedness test]]?--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 16:54, 10 December 2009 (EST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I'll do an [[Essay:Quantifying Open-Mindedness|open-mindedness test]] when you discover the &amp;quot;liberal art of citation of sources&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;::It's an undeniable fact:  Americans work harder than the rest of the world.&amp;quot; - Apparently you've never seen a malaysian work camp, I'd love to see an American work that hard. 12 hour shifts, diet cap of 1200 calories a day (less than a slice of pizza) In fact, if you leave the United States and Europe&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:I'd ask you to cite a source, but since you're banned you can't. I'd have to check the math, but I don't think 1200 calories a day is sufficient to sustain hard labor. Don't U.S. lumberjacks eat over 5,000 calories a day? --[[User:Ed Poor|Ed Poor]] &amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;[[User talk:Ed Poor|Talk]]&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; 09:07, 27 December 2009 (EST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
::In this user's absence, I'm happy to provide two sources for you: [http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/lab_hou_wor-labor-hours-worked this one] and [http://captaincapitalism.blogspot.com/2008/11/hours-worked-per-year.html this one]. It looks like Australians, Japanese, and Koreans do indeed work a little harder on average (Koreans much harder). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
::While the Malaysian labor camps may not exactly have been germane to this point, he didn't pull it out of thin air. A google search revealed [http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/index.php/malaysia/24563-human-trafficking-malaysians-extort-thais-ignore this] and [http://209.85.135.132/search?q=cache:_rwpDZ6oTS8J:www.kanlungan.ngo.ph/Resources/Malaysia_Sic%2520Country.pdf+malaysian+workers+underfed&amp;amp;cd=3&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;ct=clnk this] detailing labor camp workers being underfed. [[User:JDWpianist|JDWpianist]] 14:22, 27 December 2009 (EST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== &amp;quot;Liberal Response&amp;quot; ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
You're in absurd denial here.  There's no disputing that a vast majority of wealth-enhancing inventions have been American.&lt;br /&gt;
1] Ad Hominem, but I did it too, so it's acceptable in the context&lt;br /&gt;
2]&amp;quot;Ridiculous fallacy&amp;quot; - it's ridiculous to you, so you brush it off&lt;br /&gt;
3]&amp;quot;correlation doesnt lead to causation&amp;quot; - Because a lot of inventions are from the United States, it doesn't mean that the vast majority are, doesn't mean that they're invented by Americans, doesn't mean it's a specific American trait , to innovate.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;::It's an undeniable fact:  Americans work harder than the rest of the world.&amp;quot; -&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Apparently you've never seen a malaysian work camp, I'd love to see an American work that hard. 12 hour shifts, diet cap of 1200 calories a day (less than a slice of pizza)  By rest of the world you mean Europe, which is true, European workers are lazy socialists, but take a job with a chinese labourer or a korean , even a japanese guy, much harder workers than the average American&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1] Undeniable fact- can't remember which logical fallacy that is, but it's a major one. All facts are deniable, and in this case easily.&lt;br /&gt;
2] Vast generalisation, needs proof.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
You're clueless. Try reading [[homeschooling]] with an open-mind and then let's discuss.  Contributions by homeschoolers far surpass, in proportionate terms, contributions by people who went to public school.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1]Ad hominen&lt;br /&gt;
2]didn't mention homeschooling, mentioned the historical context of Thomas Jefferson and Abe Lincoln. you're homeschooling program has no correlation with the 19th century &amp;quot;home schooling&amp;quot;. The contexts and curriculum are quite different. You're welcome to disagree, let's see the sources.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
::Before I waste time further on this discussion, can you indicate how you do on [[Essay:Quantifying Open-Mindedness|open-mindedness test]]?--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 16:54, 10 December 2009 (EST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I'll do an [[Essay:Quantifying Open-Mindedness|open-mindedness test]] when you discover the &amp;quot;liberal art of citation of sources&amp;quot;. I've seen no counter poiunts here except pointless logical fallacies.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
::You still won't admit that the vast majority of inventions have been American?  Look, you have free will to deny basic facts, but your denial is astounding.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
::Re: homeschooling, people and homeschooling were not that different 150 years ago.  Moreover, you seem to confuse cause with effect.  The point is about the positive effect of homeschooling, regardless of the motivation.  I realize that Germany bans homeschooling and England is over-regulating it, but it remains productive at a far greater level than its percentages.  And this has always been true, as numerous examples [[homeschooling|here]] illustrate.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
::If you were genuinely interested in logic, then you'd spend some time reading or translating the Bible, the most logical book of all.  But I suspect you're more interested in trying to reject the Bible than giving it equal time in your activities.  Am I right?--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 22:11, 16 December 2009 (EST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Now that was a better point, which I can concede on. As per the bible, I'm [[Plymouth Brethren]], rejecting the bible isn't in my &amp;quot;Modus Operandi&amp;quot;.--[[User:JeffD|JeffD]] 22:01, 18 December 2009 (EST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:Interesting.  We seem to have quite an entry on that denomination.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:I don't mean to single you out.  There seem to be many people who read everything ''except'' the most logical book of all, the Bible.  Lots of people even claim to be well-read yet complete avoid and even censor this most influential and most widely read book of all.  Objectively, such an approach is ... not logical.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 23:45, 18 December 2009 (EST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Communism ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The fact that the McCarthy article was featured on the main page recently got me to thinking: liberals, in general, try to gloss over the fact that there was good reason for people to be concerned about the threat posed by Communism.  Public schools will teach the &amp;quot;Red Scares,&amp;quot; for example, but seldom mention the reasons behind the concern--for instance, the 1919 bombing attacks against major American industrialists and government officials.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Should the fact that liberals deny that Communism was a serious threat be included?  --[[User:Benp|Benp]] 22:25, 16 December 2009 (EST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I'm just reading &amp;quot;48 Liberal Lies about American History&amp;quot; now, and I bet I'll be able to add a whole bunch of stuff to this page soon!  See the table of contents [http://books.google.com/books?id=A3Muu2TsOioC&amp;amp;dq=48+Liberal+Lies+About+American+History&amp;amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;amp;source=bl&amp;amp;ots=QA7LddEssH&amp;amp;sig=lepXhrknDTwEN9HCN8AwB-RcOA8&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;ei=qWAxS4aQBoPAsQP4yoG7BA&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;oi=book_result&amp;amp;ct=result&amp;amp;resnum=8&amp;amp;ved=0CCYQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&amp;amp;q=&amp;amp;f=false here]. [[User:JacobB|JacobB]] 19:16, 22 December 2009 (EST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== One question ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Guys, let's face it. There's (as of... Now) three notes on this page, and only one reference to another source (which I personally find a bit suspect, but that might just be me...)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Umm... That means there's a lot of unsourced claims where it should be at least 72 sources (one that cite that it is something that liberals deny (or claim) about history, and one to point out why it's wrong)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Well anyway... Have fun :) [[User:SaWi|SaWi]] 16:11, 1 March 2011 (EST)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Thomas Jefferson ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
So he's listed as being a failure and an unsuccessful president, and had little to do with the Declaration of Independence.  However, the article for him on Conservapedia says he had a successful first term as president, followed by a poor 2nd term, and the [[Declaration of Independence]] article says:&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Early drafts [of the Declaration] exist dating to June 1776.[3] Jefferson's colleagues Benjamin Franklin and Adams made small changes in his draft text and Congress made more. The finished document, which both declared independence and proclaimed a philosophy of government, '''was singly and peculiarly Jefferson's.'''&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
So at least the part about the Declaration of Independence should be removed, or the articles changed to reflect his small role in the Declaration. --[[User:MarkN85|MarkN85]] 14:30, 28 April 2011 (EDT)&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>MarkN85</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Christine_O%27Donnell&amp;diff=864773</id>
		<title>Christine O'Donnell</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Christine_O%27Donnell&amp;diff=864773"/>
		<updated>2011-04-28T16:22:32Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;MarkN85: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[File:Christine.jpg|right]]&lt;br /&gt;
'''Christine O'Donnell''' (born August 27, 1969) is a [[pro-life]] political commentator for the [[Fox News]] channel, having appeared on [[The O'Reilly Factor]], [[Fox &amp;amp; Friends]], and [[Glenn Beck]]. She was the [[Tea Party Express]] and Republican nominee for the U.S. Senate in [[Delaware]] in 2010, defeating [[pro-abortion]] GOP Congressman [[Mike Castle]]. She was defeated in the [[2010 Midterm Elections]] by her opponent,  [[Chris Coons]], and who had a socialist mentality on par with [[Obama]]'s radical agenda.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Following the midterm elections, discrepancies in her campaign reports led to a federal investigation, the results of which are still pending.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0411/53573.html Christine O’Donnell blames software for errors in fundraising reports] Politico, 04/22/2011&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  She has a book coming out in August 2011 entitled ''Troublemaker: Let’s Do What It Takes to Make America Great Again''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Liberal Attacks==&lt;br /&gt;
Predictably, the [[liberal]] establishment has wasted no time in viciously attacking a woman who dares to defend [[pro-life]] and [[Christian]] beliefs. While such slander from liberal media like MSNBC is unsurprising, even supposedly unbiased networks like ABC have claimed that O'Donnell is &amp;quot;either lying or mentally unhinged.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://newsbusters.org/blogs/scott-whitlock/2010/09/15/george-stephanopoulos-touts-attacks-odonnells-opponents-shes-mentall&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;quot; Some conservative commentators have observed the irony of liberals simultaneously claiming that the pro-life movement is anti-feminist while heaping contempt on any woman who dares to defy Democratic control and stand up for her own beliefs; in this way, the reaction to O'Donnell is remeniscint of the similar treatment of Sarah Palin in the 2008 Presidential Election.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://bighollywood.breitbart.com/vjackson/2010/09/15/the-perfect-feminist/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Endorsements==&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Sarah Palin]] &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.rightpundits.com/?p=7197&amp;amp;utm_source=feedburner&amp;amp;utm_medium=feed&amp;amp;utm_campaign=Feed:+RightPundits+(Right+Pundits) Sarah endorses Christine, Right Pundits, September 9, 2010]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Mark Levin]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Michelle Malkin]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Rush Limbaugh]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Jim DeMint]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Sean Hannity]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Tea Party Express]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Independence Hall Tea Party PAC&lt;br /&gt;
*Diamond State Tea Party&lt;br /&gt;
*Our Country Deserves Better PAC&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Gun Owners of America]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[NRA]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Citizens United PAC&lt;br /&gt;
*Delaware’s Common Sense Communities Society&lt;br /&gt;
*One Nation PAC&lt;br /&gt;
*Catholic Families of America&lt;br /&gt;
*Susan B. Anthony List Candidate Fund&lt;br /&gt;
*Tony Perkins and Family Research Council Action PAC&lt;br /&gt;
*Concerned Women PAC&lt;br /&gt;
*Pamela Geller&lt;br /&gt;
*Joanne Herring&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External Links==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.christineodonnell.com/ Campaign Website]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://teamchristine2010.com/ Team Christine 2010]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.facebook.com/supportchristine Facebook page]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://twitter.com/christineod Twitter page]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{DEFAULTSORT:O'Donnell, Christine}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Republican Party]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:2010 Midterm Elections]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Conservatives]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Tea Party Movement]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Women]]&lt;br /&gt;
{{conservatism}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>MarkN85</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Works_Progress_Administration&amp;diff=864646</id>
		<title>Works Progress Administration</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Works_Progress_Administration&amp;diff=864646"/>
		<updated>2011-04-27T20:43:08Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;MarkN85: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[Image:WPA1.jpg|thumb|300px|WPA sewer crew in 1935]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The '''Works Progress Administration''' (later '''Work Projects Administration''', abbreviated '''WPA'''), was created on May 6, 1935 by Presidential order (Congress funded it annually but did not create a permanent agency.). It was the largest and most comprehensive [[New Deal]] agency, employing millions of people and affecting every locality. The WPA refused to allow any job training (which labor unions strongly opposed)&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;There was some job training in the NYA, especially for occupations like domestic servants that were not unionized.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;, with the result that WPA experience did not lead to better job opportunities.  It did reduce unemployment by finding jobs for the least employable and most needy men and women--both black and white--in the country.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
WPA continued and extended the [[FERA]] relief programs started by [[Herbert Hoover]] and continued under [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]].  Unlike FERA (which funded state and local programs), the WPA was run directly by the federal government. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Headed by [[Harry Hopkins]], the WPA provided jobs and income to millions of unemployed during the [[Great Depression]]. It built many public buildings and roads, and as well operated a large arts project. Until it was closed down by Congress in 1943, it was the largest employer in the country &amp;amp;mdash; indeed, the largest employer in most states. Only unemployed people on relief were eligible for most of its jobs. The hourly wages were the prevailing wages in the area, but workers could not work more than 30 hours a week. Before 1940, there was no training involved to teach people new skills. Unskilled workers were very happy to have a real job and a real paycheck rather than waiting in line for food baskets.  However skilled workers who found themselves on the WPA were embarrassed by the downskilled jobs and tried to hide their status.  Thus actors did not want their names to appear on programs for WPA theater productions, fearing they would be stigmatized as poor actors. [[Image:Wpa4.jpg|thumb|300px|poster from WPA arts project]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After the program died it was seldom referenced in politics, either pro or con. Some liberals often had a fond memory of the WPA and therefore an effort was made to set up a jobs program under President [[Jimmy Carter]] in the late 1970s, but by then unskilled manual laborers made up too small a proportion of the work force to make a difference.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Overview==&lt;br /&gt;
===Types of Projects===&lt;br /&gt;
About 75 percent of employment and 75 percent of WPA expenditures went to public facilities such as highways, streets, public buildings, airports, utilities, small dams, sewers, parks, libraries, and recreational fields.  The WPA built 650,000 miles of roads, 78,000 bridges, 125,000 buildings, and 700 miles of airport runways.  Seven percent of the budget was allocated to arts projects, presenting 225,000 concerts to audiences totaling 150 million, and producing almost 475,000 artworks.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Meriam (1946)&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Though some 90% of WPA projects were directed at unskilled blue-collar workers, it also took in many unemployed white-collar artists, musicians, actors, doctors, and writers in such projects as the [[Federal Theater Project]] and the [[Federal Writers' Project]].&lt;br /&gt;
{{Main|New Deal}}&lt;br /&gt;
Over 8,500,000 Americans were hired through the WPA mostly to work in manual labor, building roads and making parks. Unemployed artists and writers were given work through a branch of the WPA known as the Federal Writers’ Project.  Among the most compelling products of the Writers' Project are the interviews with former slaves.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.otrcat.com/formerslaves.htm Former Slave Interviews]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  A sampling of projects includes:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Worker Profile===&lt;br /&gt;
The target recipients were household heads on relief (about 15% of whom were women). Youth programs were operated separately by the [[National Youth Administration]], or NYA. The average worker was about 40 years old (about the same as the average family head on relief).  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The WPA reflected the strongly-held belief at the time that husbands and wives should not both be working (because they would take one job away from a breadwinner.) A study of 2,000 women workers in Philadelphia showed that 90% were married, but wives were reported as living with their husbands in only 15 percent of the cases. Only 2 percent of the husbands had private employment. &amp;quot;All of these [2,000] women,&amp;quot; it was reported, &amp;quot;were responsible for from one to five additional people in the household.&amp;quot;  In rural Missouri 60% of the WPA-employed women were without husbands (12% were single; 25% widowed; and 23% divorced, separated or deserted.)  Thus only 40% were married and living with their husbands, but 59% of the husbands were permanently disabled, 17% were temporarily disabled, 13% were too old to work, and the remaining 10% were either unemployed or handicapped.  An average five years had elapsed since the husband's last employment at his regular occupation. [Howard 283] Most of the women worked in sewing projects, where they were taught to use sewing machines and made clothing, bedding and supplies for hospitals and orphanage.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Relief for Blacks===&lt;br /&gt;
The share of [[FERA]] and WPA benefits going to blacks exceeded their proportion of the general population. The FERA's first relief census reported that more than two million black Americans were on relief in early 1933, a fraction of the black population (17.8%) that was nearly double the proportion of whites on relief (9.5%).  By 1935, there were 3,500,000 blacks (men, women and children) on relief, almost 30 percent of the black population; plus another 200,000 black adults were working on WPA projects. Altogether in 1935, about 40 percent of the nation's black families were either on relief or were employed by the WPA. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;John Salmond, &amp;quot;The New Deal and the Negro&amp;quot; in John Braeman et al, eds. ''The New Deal: The National Level'' (1975). pp 188-89 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Civil rights leaders initially complained that black Americans were proportionally underrepresented.  African-American leaders made such a claim with respect to WPA hires in New Jersey: &amp;quot;In spite of the fact that Negroes indubitably constitute more than 20 per cent of the State's unemployed, they composed 15.9 per cent of those assigned to W.P.A. jobs during 1937.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Howard 287 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Nationwide in late 1937, 15.2% were African American.  The Urban League magazine ''Opportunity'' hailed the WPA: &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;February, 1939, p. 34. in Howard 295&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
It is to the eternal credit of the administrative officers of the WPA that discrimination on various projects because of race has been kept to a minimum and that in almost every community Negroes have been given a chance to participate in the work program. In the South, as might have been expected, this participation has been limited, and differential wages on the basis of race have been more or less effectively established; but in the northern communities, particularly in the urban centers, the Negro has been afforded his first real opportunity for employment in white-collar occupations.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Employment===&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Wpa-sew.jpg|thumb|230px|left|Sewing projects were set up for women.]]&lt;br /&gt;
The goal of the WPA was to employ most of the unemployed people on relief until the economy recovered.  Harry Hopkins testified to Congress in January 1935 why he set the number at 3.5 million, using FERA data. At $1200 per worker per year he asked for and received $4 billion. &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;On January 1 there were 20 million persons on relief in the United States. Of these, 8.3 million were children under sixteen years of age; 3.8 million were persons who, though &lt;br /&gt;
between the ages of sixteen and sixty-five were not working nor &lt;br /&gt;
seeking work. These included housewives, students in school, &lt;br /&gt;
and incapacitated persons. Another 750,000 were persons sixty- &lt;br /&gt;
five years of age or over. Thus, of the total of 20 million persons then receiving relief, 12.85 million were not considered eligible for employment. This left a total of 7.15 million presumably employable persons between the ages of sixteen and sixty-five inclusive. Of these, however, 1.65 million were said to be farm operators or persons who had some non-relief employment, while another 350,000 were, despite the fact that they were already employed or seeking work, considered incapacitated. Deducting this two million from the total of 7.15 million, there remained 5.15 million persons sixteen to sixty-five years of age, unemployed, looking for work, and able to work. Because of the assumption that only one worker per family would be permitted to work under the proposed program, this total of 5.15 million was further reduced by 1.6 million--the estimated number of workers who were members of families which included two or more employable persons. Thus, there remained a net total of 3.55 million workers in as many households for whom jobs were to be provided.&amp;quot; &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Howard p 562, paraphrasing Hopkins&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The WPA employed a maximum of 3.3 million in November 1938. Worker pay was based on three factors: the region of the country, the degree of urbanization and the individual's skill.  It varied from $19/month to $94/month.  The goal was to pay the local prevailing wage, but to limit a person to 30 hours or less a week of work. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Total expenditures on WPA projects through June, 1941, were approximately $11.4 billion. Over $4 billion was spent on highway, road, and street projects; more than $1 billion &lt;br /&gt;
on public buildings; more than $1 billion on publicly owned or &lt;br /&gt;
operated utilities; and another $1 billion on welfare projects including sewing projects for women, the distribution &lt;br /&gt;
of surplus commodities and school lunch projects. [Howard 129]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Cultural Programs==&lt;br /&gt;
About 10% of the WPA went for cultural programs to support unemployed white collar workers, writers, artists, actors and musicians in four major programs, the Music Project, the Writer's Project, the Arts Project, and the Theatre Project - While providing cultural stimulation, the WPA also had drawbacks. Oftentimes mediocrity was perpetuated by using persons of limited talent; likewise, political rather than aesthetic criterion for judging success and poor editing (in the case of the Writer's Project) led to stifling of creativity. A harmonious working relationship between the artists and the agency was never adequately established. Further, individuals were often subjected to censorship, used as propaganda, and imposed on by Congressional committees seeking political aggrandizement.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Billington, 1961&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  The ''Federal Theatre Project'' from its establishment in 1935 until its demise in 1939 was directed by Hallie Flanagan. Theatre centers nationwide produced a wide variety of plays independently and simultaneously, including works by Sinclair Lewis, George Bernard Shaw, and Eugene O'Neill. The Federal Theatre Project produced both regional and national projects and struggled against censorship and cuts in funds for four years before it was ended for political reasons. The  ''Federal Writers' Project''  directed by Henry G. Alsberg, operated in every state to produce an American Guide Book. It undertook a massive collecting process on a county level throughout the country and produced not only a national guide but also one for each state and numerous localities. The ''Historical Records Survey,'' directed by Luther H. Evans, employed 3400 unemployed librarians, archivists, teachers and others, who located and inventoried the public records of every state, such as county records on births, marriages, and deaths, church and cemetery records, newspapers, schools, and memorabilia. It also created an index to the federal census of 1900, which was used to authenticate the ages of people who had no birth certificate but were eligible for old age assistance. The ''Federal Music Project'' sponsored thousands of concerts across the country. In San Diego  the Federal Opera Company made &amp;quot;Cavalleria Rusticana&amp;quot; its first production, with the WPA sewing project making costumes. &amp;quot;Gondoliers&amp;quot; was the second offering and the first to go on the road. By 1937, 73 performances of a variety of shows had been offered to 73,000 people.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==NYA==&lt;br /&gt;
The ''National Youth Administration'' was the WPA's youth division. Work study projects provided jobs for high school and college students.  Unlike the CCC it enrolled women. The NYA ran training programs--even alternative high schools run outside the public school system--to provide training in skills that would not compete with labor unions. &lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Nya3.jpg|thumb|320px|NYA employment]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Lyndon Johnson]] was the NYA director in Texas, Aubrey Williams was national director; Mary McLeon Bethune, Director, Division of Negro Affairs .&lt;br /&gt;
Reporters visited one site in Arkansas:&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; Lindley and Lindley (1938) pp 92-93&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;quot;in Russellville, Arkansas, 31 NYA boys... are working on a complete campus for out-of-school, unemployed Arkansas youth. We saw some of these young men building dormitories and a supervisor's house. The plans call for four dormitories to house 96 youth, a recreation hall, a dining hall, athletic grounds, and, adjacent to this campus, a poultry house, barn, and machinery repair shop. The boys may also choose work and related training in auto mechanics, power plant operation, or diversified agriculture. In these four Arkansas Resident Centers that we visited, boys and girls do NYA work 100 hours a month to earn $25 each, of which they pay $18 for board and room and 50 cents into a co-operative medical fund.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Nya2.jpg|thumb|275px|; this WPA poster was not well proofread, as the first line shows]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
==Criticism==&lt;br /&gt;
The WPA had numerous conservative critics unlike the Civilian Conservation Corps, which was quite popular.  One of the principal criticisms was that the program wasted federal dollars on projects that were not always needed or wanted.  A relic of this criticism survives today in the form of a satirical observation that WPA workers were hired 'to rake leaves in the park.' White-collar WPA projects in particular were often singled out for their sometimes overtly left-wing social and political themes. One criticism of the allocation of WPA projects and funding was that they were often made for political considerations.  Congressional leaders in favor with the Roosevelt administration, or who possessed considerable seniority and political power often helped decide which states and localities received the most funding. The most serious criticism was that Roosevelt was building a nationwide political machine with millions of workers. The [[Hatch Act]] of 1939 outlawed political activities on government time. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Wpa-dem.jpg|thumb|300px|Democratic National Chairman Jim Farley rides the WPA to victory in 1936 elections as WPA head Harry Hopkins approves, in this anti-WPA cartoon.]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The WPA's enemies ridiculed the weak work habits it encouraged, by cruel jokes, calling it &amp;quot;We Poke Along,&amp;quot; &amp;quot;We Piddle Along&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;We Putter Around.&amp;quot;  This is a sarcastic reference to WPA projects that sometimes slowed to a crawl, because foremen on a government project devised to maintain employment often had no incentive or ability to influence worker productivity by demotion or termination.  This criticism was due in part to the WPA's early practice of basing wages on a &amp;quot;security wage,&amp;quot; ensuring workers would be paid even if the project was delayed, improperly constructed, or incomplete.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Wpa-Lean.jpg|thumb|270px|left|The WPA Theatre project produced a play that satirized the common &amp;quot;leaning on a shovel&amp;quot; criticism. ]] &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Evolution and termination==&lt;br /&gt;
In 1940 the WPA changed policy and began vocational educational training of the unemployed to make them available for factory jobs. Previously labor unions had vetoed any proposal to provide new skills.  Unemployment disappeared with the onset of war production in World War II, so Congress shut down the WPA in late 1943.&lt;br /&gt;
==Corruption==&lt;br /&gt;
===Kentucky===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the 1938 election Senator [[Alben Barkley]] was being opposed for the Democratic nomination in the primary in Kentucky by &amp;quot;Happy&amp;quot; Chandler, then governor of the state. During the election grave charges were made in the ''Scripps-­Howard'' Republican newspapers about the manner in which WPA workers in Kentucky were being forced to support the administration candidate. A special Senate committee investigated the charges. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Facts relating to the 1938 election activities of the WPA are taken from the official report of the U. S. Senate Committee on Campaign Expenditures, quoted in ''The Roosevelt Myth'', John T. Flynn, Fox and Wilkes, 1948, Book 1, Ch. 6, [http://www.rooseveltmyth.com/book/fdrmyth_Chapter_Four___Harry_the_Hop_and.htm ''Harry the Hop and the Happy Hot Dogs'']&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the first WPA district of Kentucky, one WPA official went to work on Governor Chandler. He took his orders from the administration political headquarters in Kentucky. He put nine WPA supervisors and 340 WPA timekeepers on government time to work preparing elaborate forms for checking on all the reliefers in the district. Having done this they then proceeded to check up on the 17,000 recipients who were drawing relief money to see how they stood on the election. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the second WPA district, another WPA official who was the area engineer managed a thorough canvass of the workers in Pulaski and Russell counties. The WPA foremen were given sheets upon which they had to report on the standing of the reliefers in the political campaign. It became a part of the WPA organization in Kentucky to learn how many of the down­ people on government relief had devotion to Franklin D. Roosevelt. The reliefers were asked to sign papers pledging themselves to the election of the senior senator from Kentucky. They were given campaign buttons and told to wear them and there were instances where, if they refused, they were thrown off the WPA rolls. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This occurred in a [[Democratic]] primary election where only Democrats could vote. But there were a lot of poor Republicans in Kentucky who couldn't vote in the Democratic primary so long as they were Republicans. So they were told to change their registration and become Democrats, or no WPA jobs for them. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A lady employed in the Division of Employment in WPA District 4 in Kentucky got a letter from the project superintendent asking her for a contribution to the Barkley Campaign Committee. A district supervisor of employment in District 4 told her that the election was drawing near and that she might be criticized if she did not contribute since she was employed on WPA, that she should be in sympathy with the program and be loyal and he stated also that he was a Republican but he was going to change his registration. Then he told her she would be permitted to contribute if she liked in the amount of two per cent of her salary. Letters went out from the superintendent to practically all of the reliefers. The assistant supervisor of the WPA, who got $175 a month, sent a check for $42.50 as a result of this letter and another getting $1800 a year gave $30. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Here is a sample of the letter sent out. It was from the project superintendent for whom these people worked: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;quot;We know that you, as a friend of the National Administration, are anxious to see Senator Barkley reelected as he has supported the President in all New Deal legislation ... If Senator Barkley is nominated and elected by a large majority there is definite possibility of his being the candidate of the Democratic party in 1940. Think what this would mean for Kentucky. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;quot;We know you will appreciate the opportunity of being given a chance to take an active part in reelecting Senator Barkley by making a liberal contribution towards his campaign expenses. Such contribution is actually underwriting a continuance of New Deal policies.&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Reliefers were allowed to pay on the installment plan. The letter went on: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:&amp;quot;As the enclosed subscription blank indicates, you may pay one­half of your contribution now and the balance by July 16.&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Worker after worker testified that he received the above letter or one like it and had made contributions in proportion to the pay he was getting, usually about two per cent. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Pennsylvania===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In Pennsylvania, where Senator Joe Guffey presided over the destinies of the Democratic party, the story was much the same. Men who supplied trucks to WPA were solicited for $100 each in Carbon County. The owners of the trucks were requested by WPA officials to visit representatives of certain political leaders at their homes. Ten or twelve at a time went and many of them contributed. In Lucerne County it was the same. They were told to call at Democratic headquarters and make their contributions. In Montgomery County, the WPA workers got letters stating that at the direction of the senator from Pennsylvania (Guffey) and the state committeeman, a joint meeting of WPA workers would be held on a certain date and they were told &amp;quot;there will be no excuse accepted for lack of attendance.&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The evidence showed that WPA workers in this county, including timekeepers and poor women on sewing projects, were requested and ordered to change their registration from Republican to Democratic and in many cases those who refused were fired. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,756769-2,00.html Records on Relief], [[Time magazine]], Oct. 19, 1936,&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; There was testimony that there were a number of Republicans on the WPA project near Wilkes Barre. They lived in Wilkes Barre and they thought they had a right to continue to be Republicans. They soon discovered that the right had vanished when they became wards of the New Deal and as punishment, 18 were transferred from the project near Wilkes Barre to a project 35 or 40 miles from their homes because they refused to discard their Republican buttons.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In Pennsylvania work­cards were issued by the Party entitling the recipients to employment on the state highways and these were distributed by political groups. Some of these cards entitled the holders to employment &amp;quot;for two to four weeks around election time.&amp;quot; In one county, from September, 1935 to September, 1938, the WPA spent more than $27,000,000 on highways. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A man in Plymouth, Pa., was given a white ­collar relief job before election at $60.50 a month. He was told to change his registration from Republican to Democratic. He refused and very soon found himself transferred ­from a white ­collar job to a pick­axe job on a rock pile in a quarry. There he discovered others on the rock pile who had refused to change their registration.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ten days before the Pennsylvania primary registrations a letter signed by Democratic leader of the 14th ward in Philadelphia was issued which read,&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:Dear Committeemen :&lt;br /&gt;
:Contact all houses in your division and get the names of all men on relief, also of those holding WPA jobs. Urge them to register Democratic on March 26 or else lose their jobs. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;''Philadelphia Inquirer'', March 28, 1936.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Tennessee===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It was the same in Tennessee where the WPA was lighting a fire under Governor Browning. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,931436,00.html &amp;quot;People Would Be Shocked!&amp;quot;], ''Time magazine'', Aug. 08, 1938.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Reliefers who were for Browning ­if it could be proved ­were dropped from the payroll. They were asked for contributions ­of two per cent. One man was asked to put up $5. He didn't have it. He was summoned the next day. The collector had decided to reduce his tribute to $3. He didn't have that. He was told to get it. He had to borrow it. Another, assessed twice before, rebelled. &amp;quot;You don't have to pay,&amp;quot; he was told, &amp;quot;but if you don't you'll have a hell of a time getting on the WPA.&amp;quot; [[African-American]]s on relief were made to put up 25 and 50 cents.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Illinois===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In Cook County, Illinois, where Mayor Kelly and Party Chairman Nash carried the New Deal banner, 450 men were employed in one election district and dismissed the day after election. Seventy reported to do highway work and were told to go to their voting precincts and canvass for votes for the Horner-­Courtney­-Lucas ticket. These 450 men cost $23,268. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Bibliography==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Scholarly studies===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://eh.net/encyclopedia/article/couch.works.progress.administration Jim Crouch, &amp;quot;The Works Progress Administration&amp;quot; ''Eh.Net Encyclopedia'' (2004)] &lt;br /&gt;
* Amenta, Edwin and Halfmann, Drew. &amp;quot;Wage Wars: Institutional Politics, WPA Wages, and the Struggle for U.S. Social Policy.&amp;quot; ''American Sociological Review'' 2000 65(4): 506-528. Issn: 0003-1224 Fulltext: in Jstor; examines key Senate roll-call votes on WPA wage rates and state-level variations in WPA wages &lt;br /&gt;
* Amenta, Edwin and Halfmann, Drew. &amp;quot;Who Voted with Hopkins? Institutional Politics and the WPA.&amp;quot; ''Journal of Policy History'' 2001 13(2): 251-287. Issn: 0898-0306 Fulltext: online at Project Muse and Swetswise&lt;br /&gt;
* Blumberg, Barbara. ''The New Deal and the Unemployed: The View from New York City'' (1979)&lt;br /&gt;
* Hopkins, June.  &amp;quot;The Road Not Taken: Harry Hopkins and New Deal Work Relief&amp;quot; ''Presidential Studies Quarterly'' Vol. 29, (1999)&lt;br /&gt;
* Howard; Donald S. ''The WPA and Federal Relief Policy'' (1943), detailed analysis of all major WPA programs.&lt;br /&gt;
* Lindley, Betty Grimes  and Ernest K. Lindley. ''A New Deal for Youth: The Story of the National Youth Administration'' (1938) [http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&amp;amp;d=93698234 online edition]&lt;br /&gt;
* McJimsey George T. ''Harry Hopkins: Ally of the Poor and Defender of Democracy'' (1987)&lt;br /&gt;
* Meriam; Lewis. ''Relief and Social Security'' The Brookings Institution. 1946. Highly detailed analysis and statistical summary of all New Deal relief programs; 900 pages&lt;br /&gt;
* Millett; John D. and Gladys Ogden. ''Administration of Federal Work Relief'' 1941.  &lt;br /&gt;
* Noun, Rosenfield Louise.  ''Iowa Women in the WPA.'' Iowa State U. Press, 1999. 140 pp.  &lt;br /&gt;
* Rose, Nancy E. ''Put to Work'' (Monthly Review Press, June 1994, ISBN 0-85345-871-5)&lt;br /&gt;
* Singleton, Jeff. ''The American Dole: Unemployment Relief and the Welfare State in the Great Depression'' (2000)&lt;br /&gt;
* Smith, Jason Scott. ''Building New Deal Liberalism: The Political Economy of Public Works, 1933-1956'' (2005)&lt;br /&gt;
* Williams; Edward Ainsworth. ''Federal Aid for Relief'' 1939. [http://www.questia.com/library/book/federal-aid-for-relief-by-edward-ainsworth-williams.jsp online edition]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Cultural projects===&lt;br /&gt;
* Billington, Ray Allen. &amp;quot;Government and the Arts: the W. P. A. Experience.&amp;quot; ''American Quarterly'' 1961 13(4): 466-479. Issn: 0003-0678 Fulltext: in Jstor; Billington was an official of the Massachusetts Writers project &lt;br /&gt;
* Bindas, Kenneth J.  &amp;quot;All of This Music Belongs to the Nation: The Federal Music Project of the WPA and American Cultural Nationalism, 1935-1939.&amp;quot;  PhD dissertation U. of Toledo 1988. 309 pp.  DAI 1989 50(2): 528-A. DA8909905  Fulltext: online at ProQuest Dissertations &amp;amp; Theses &lt;br /&gt;
* Bloxom, Marguerite D., ed. ''Pickaxe and Pencil: References for the Study of the WPA.''  Library. of Congress, 1982. 87 pp.  bibliography&lt;br /&gt;
*  Bold, Christine.  ''The WPA Guides: Mapping America.'' U. Press of Mississippi, 1999. 246 pp.  &lt;br /&gt;
*  Brightman, Stacy Claire.  &amp;quot;The Federal Theatre Project in Los Angeles.&amp;quot;  PhD dissertation U. of California, Davis 1999. 188 pp.  DAI 2000 60(8): 2741-A. DA9940083  Fulltext: online at ProQuest Dissertations &amp;amp; Theses &lt;br /&gt;
* Browne, Lorraine. &amp;quot;Federal Theatre: Melodrama, Social Protest, and Genius&amp;quot; ''Quarterly Journal of the Library of Congress,''  Volume 36 No. 1, Winter 1979, p. 18-37. [http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/fedtp/ftbrwn00.html online edition]&lt;br /&gt;
*  Bustard, Bruce I.  ''A New Deal for the Arts.'' U. of Washington Press, 1997. 133 pp.  &lt;br /&gt;
* Craig, E. Quita.  ''Black Drama of the Federal Theater Era: Beyond the Formal Horizons.'' U. of Massachusetts Press, 1980. 239 pp.  &lt;br /&gt;
* Hirsch, Jerrold.  ''Portrait of America: A Cultural History of the Federal Writers' Project.'' U. of North Carolina Press, 2003. 293 pp.  [http://www.h-net.msu.edu/reviews/showrev.cgi?path=34741119641134 online review]&lt;br /&gt;
* Lyon, Edwin A.  ''A New Deal for Southeastern Archaeology.'' U. of Alabama Press, 1996. 283 pp.  &lt;br /&gt;
* McDonald, William F.  ''Federal Relief Administration and the Arts: The Origins and Administrative History of the Arts Projects of the Works Progress Administration.'' Ohio State U. Press, 1969. 869 pp.  &lt;br /&gt;
* Mangione, Jerre. ''The Dream and the Deal: The Federal Writers' Project, 1935-1943'' (1972)&lt;br /&gt;
* Nunn, Tey Marianna.  ''Sin Nombre: Hispana and Hispanic Artists of the New Deal Era.'' U. of New Mexico Press, 2001. 192 pp.  &lt;br /&gt;
* O'Gara, Geoffrey.  ''A Long Road Home: In the Footsteps of the WPA Writers.'' Houghton Mifflin, 1990. 312 pp.  &lt;br /&gt;
* Seaton, Elizabeth Gaede.  &amp;quot;Federal Prints and Democratic Culture: The Graphic Arts Division of the Works Progress Administration Federal Art Project, 1935-1943.&amp;quot;  PhD dissertation Northwestern U. 2000. 364 pp.  DAI 2000 61(6A): 2080-A. DA9974356  Fulltext: online at ProQuest Dissertations &amp;amp; Theses &lt;br /&gt;
* Strickland, Carol. &amp;quot;Posters for the People,&amp;quot; ''Civilization'' April-May 1997 [http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/fedtp/ftstri00.html heavily illustrated online edition]&lt;br /&gt;
==External links==&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/wpaposters/wpahome.html  Posters from the WPA at the Library of Congress]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.wpamurals.com/ Database of WPA murals]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.steamships.org/wpa/ourjobwpa/index.htm Text and Graphics from 1937 WPA Brochure: &amp;quot;Our Job with the WPA&amp;quot;]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.steamships.org/wpa/qanda/index.htm Text and Graphics from 1939 WPA Brochure: &amp;quot;QUESTION'S AND ANSWERS ON THE WPA&amp;quot;]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.steamships.org/wpa/misc/assignment_slips.htm Samples of WPA Work Assignment Forms used in the 1930s]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Wpa-done.jpg|thumb|530px|WPA summarized its achievements; click twice for the poster]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====references====&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Great Depression]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:New Deal]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Corruption]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Liberalism]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>MarkN85</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Commerce&amp;diff=864483</id>
		<title>United States Department of Commerce</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Commerce&amp;diff=864483"/>
		<updated>2011-04-26T21:55:50Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;MarkN85: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[Image:Doclogo.jpg|right|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The '''United States Department of Commerce''' is one of the fifteen departments comprising the [[Cabinet]] of the United States. The department's mission is &amp;quot;is to help make American businesses more innovative at home and more competitive abroad.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.commerce.gov United States Department of Commerce] US Department of Commerce, retrieved 04/26/2011&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; It was originally created as the United States Department of Commerce and Labor in 1903. It was renamed in 1913, and the labor division was transferred to the newly created Department of Labor.  The current secretary of the Commerce Department is [[Gary Locke]]&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.commerce.gov/about-commerce/commerce-leadership/secretary-gary-locke Secretary Gary Locke|Department of Commerce] US Department of Commerce, retrieved 04/26/2011 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Responsibilities==&lt;br /&gt;
The Department of Commerce is in charge of governmental issues related to the [[economy]] and [[business]]. The Department is responsible for, among other things:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*conducting the [[Census]] &lt;br /&gt;
*issuing patents through the [[Patent and Trademark Office]]&lt;br /&gt;
*weather forecasts through the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Additionally, the secretary of the Department of Commerce is the 10th person in the [[Presidential Line of Succession]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Current Administration==&lt;br /&gt;
President [[Obama]] had trouble succeeding in confirming a Secretary.  His first nominee, Governor [[Bill Richardson]] withdrew himself after several of his donors were investigated by the federal government.  His second nominee, [[Judd Gregg]], cited irreconcilable problems with the 2010 Census and economic stimulus bill, and also withdrew from the nomination.  The current secretary and third nominee, [[Gary Locke]], was approved by the Senate on March 24, 2009.  &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.foxnews.com/politics/first100days/2009/03/24/senate-confirms-locke-commerce-secretary/ Senate Confirms Locke for Commerce Secretary] Fox News, 03/24/2009&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{Reflist|1}}&lt;br /&gt;
==External Links==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.commerce.gov/ Official Website]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: United States Government]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>MarkN85</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Patent_and_Trademark_Office&amp;diff=864482</id>
		<title>Patent and Trademark Office</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Patent_and_Trademark_Office&amp;diff=864482"/>
		<updated>2011-04-26T21:54:45Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;MarkN85: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;The '''Patent and Trademark Office''' (PTO) is the [[federal]] agency which examines and issues [[patent]]s and registers [[trademark]]s. The agency is a part of the [[United States Department of Commerce]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[category:United States Government Agencies]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>MarkN85</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=United_States_Patent_and_Trademark_Office&amp;diff=864481</id>
		<title>United States Patent and Trademark Office</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=United_States_Patent_and_Trademark_Office&amp;diff=864481"/>
		<updated>2011-04-26T21:54:00Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;MarkN85: Redirected page to Patent and Trademark Office&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;#REDIRECT [[Patent and Trademark Office]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>MarkN85</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=U.S._Patent_and_Trademark_Office&amp;diff=864480</id>
		<title>U.S. Patent and Trademark Office</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=U.S._Patent_and_Trademark_Office&amp;diff=864480"/>
		<updated>2011-04-26T21:53:22Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;MarkN85: Redirected page to Patent and Trademark Office&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;#REDIRECT [[Patent and Trademark Office]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>MarkN85</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Commerce&amp;diff=864479</id>
		<title>United States Department of Commerce</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=United_States_Department_of_Commerce&amp;diff=864479"/>
		<updated>2011-04-26T21:52:03Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;MarkN85: updated information&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[Image:Doclogo.jpg|right|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The '''United States Department of Commerce''' is one of the fifteen departments comprising the [[Cabinet]] of the United States. The department's mission is &amp;quot;is to help make American businesses more innovative at home and more competitive abroad.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.commerce.gov United States Department of Commerce] US Department of Commerce, retrieved 04/26/2011&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; It was originally created as the United States Department of Commerce and Labor in 1903. It was renamed to its current name in 1913, and the labor division was transferred to the newly created Department of Labor.  The current secretary of the Commerce Department is [[Gary Locke]]&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.commerce.gov/about-commerce/commerce-leadership/secretary-gary-locke Secretary Gary Locke|Department of Commerce] US Department of Commerce, retrieved 04/26/2011 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Responsibilities==&lt;br /&gt;
The Department of Commerce is in charge of governmental issues related to the [[economy]] and [[business]]. The Department is responsible for, among other things:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*conducting the [[Census]] &lt;br /&gt;
*issuing patents through the [[Patent and Trademark Office]]&lt;br /&gt;
*weather forecasts through the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Additionally, the secretary of the Department of Commerce is the 10th person in the [[Presidential Line of Succession]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Current Administration==&lt;br /&gt;
President [[Obama]] had trouble succeeding in confirming a Secretary.  His first nominee, Governor [[Bill Richardson]] withdrew himself after several of his donors were investigated by the federal government.  His second nominee, [[Judd Gregg]], cited irreconcilable problems with the 2010 Census and economic stimulus bill, and also withdrew from the nomination.  The current secretary and third nominee, [[Gary Locke]], was approved by the Senate on March 24, 2009.  &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.foxnews.com/politics/first100days/2009/03/24/senate-confirms-locke-commerce-secretary/ Senate Confirms Locke for Commerce Secretary] Fox News, 03/24/2009&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{Reflist|1}}&lt;br /&gt;
==External Links==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.commerce.gov/ Official Website]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: United States Government]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>MarkN85</name></author>
	</entry>
</feed>