Conservapedia - User contributions [en]

Jane Austen

2008-09-03T23:52:59Z

MHayes:

'''Jane Austen''' (December 16, 1775 – July 18m 1817) was a British writer in the early nineteenth century. Though her canon includes various comic stories, six completed novels, and two unfinished novels, her best-known works may be ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'' and ''[[Emma]]''.

She wrote her first two works, ''[[Sense and Sensibility]]'' and ''Pride and Prejudice'', in her early twenties. ''Northanger Abbey'', her third manuscript, sold to a publisher for ten pounds, but was not immediately published.

Austen's family moved to Bath when she was 25. This marks the beginning of a fallow period in her writing, and eight years of much family upheaval. In 1809, Austen, her sisters, and her mother moved to Chawton, where she was able to write again.

''Sense and Sensibility'' was finally published in 1811, and ''Pride and Prejudice'' followed in 1813. ''Mansfield Park'' and ''Emma'' followed in 1814 and 1815. Austen finished her work ''Persuasion'' in 1816, when the rights for ''Northanger Abbey'' were bought back by Austen's brother.

Jane Austen died July 18, 1817, just a few months before her last two novels were published together in December, finally identifying her and her previous works.

==Novel outlines==
In ''Pride and Prejudice'', the two antagonists are the immensely wealthy Mr. Darcy and the middle-class Elizabeth Bennet. Her [[prejudice]] against his [[pride]] and disdain is gradually broken down by his kindness.

In 'Emma', the protagonist, Emma Goldman, thinks she has found love, only to have it end in heartbreak through [[deceit]].

==External links==
*[http://www.jimandellen.org/austen/janeausten.onfilm.html Film Adaptations of Jane Austen's Novels]
*[http://www.pemberley.com Online appreciation of Jane Austen fansite]
*[http://www.jasna.org/info/about_austen.html]
*[http://www.janeausten.co.uk/ The Jane Austin Center, Bath]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Austen, Jane}}

[[category:Women Authors]]

Jane Austen

2008-09-03T23:51:54Z

MHayes:

'''Jane Austen''' (December 16, 1775 – July 18m 1817) was a British writer in the early nineteenth century. Though her canon includes various comic stories, six completed novels, and two unfinished novels, her best-known works may be ''[[Pride and Prejudice]]'' and ''[[Emma]]''.

She wrote her first two works, ''[[Sense and Sensibility]]'' and ''Pride and Prejudice'', in her early twenties. ''[[Northanger Abbey]]'', her third manuscript, sold to a publisher for ten pounds, but was not immediately published.

Austen's family moved to Bath when she was 25. This marks the beginning of a fallow period in her writing, and eight years of much family upheaval. In 1809, Austen, her sisters, and her mother moved to Chawton, where she was able to write again.

''Sense and Sensibility'' was finally published in 1811, and ''Pride and Prejudice'' followed in 1813. ''[[Mansfield Park]]'' and ''Emma'' followed in 1814 and 1815. Austen finished her work ''[[Persuasion]]'' in 1816, when the rights for ''Northanger Abbey'' were bought back by Austen's brother.

Jane Austen died July 18, 1817, just a few months before her last two novels were published together in December, finally identifying her and her previous works.

==Novel outlines==
In ''Pride and Prejudice'', the two antagonists are the immensely wealthy Mr. Darcy and the middle-class Elizabeth Bennet. Her [[prejudice]] against his [[pride]] and disdain is gradually broken down by his kindness.

In 'Emma', the protagonist, Emma Goldman, thinks she has found love, only to have it end in heartbreak through [[deceit]].

==External links==
*[http://www.jimandellen.org/austen/janeausten.onfilm.html Film Adaptations of Jane Austen's Novels]
*[http://www.pemberley.com Online appreciation of Jane Austen fansite]
*[http://www.jasna.org/info/about_austen.html]
*[http://www.janeausten.co.uk/ The Jane Austin Center, Bath]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Austen, Jane}}

[[category:Women Authors]]

Talk:Israel

2008-09-03T23:49:37Z

MHayes:

I was trying to fine tune this entry but I think I ruined it

The entry on the Israeli/Palestinian conflict seems very one sided...

I see that you are guilty of doing exactly what you complain about on Wikipedia.

I edited this entry adding factual and easily verifiable information and someone came along and deleted the entire thing, claiming that my edits were not true.

I would like to know what was not true about the facts I listed. Every single thing I wrote is easily verified.

:The article is just a long list of war-related grievances. None of it has a source, and most of it is false. If you want to write an article on the conflict between Israel and its neighbors, then it would have to have verifiable info. This is an article on Israel, and should describe Israel.
: Almost everything is false. The deleted portion starts with "In 1948, it once again became a sovereign nation largely due to terrorist tactics". Not true. Israel became a sovereign nation as a result of a UN action. [[User:RSchlafly|RSchlafly]] 13:08, 12 March 2007 (EDT)

:: ... but would almost certainly not have been handed over to the UN if groups such as Haganah, the Stern gang, and Irgun had not carried out terrorist attacks against the British; the King David hotel bombing, which was the most obvious example, killed 91 people - I would call that terrorist tactics. [[User:Wikinterpreter|Wikinterpreter]]

::: Israelis say that the King David hotel was a military target in a war of independence. If so, it was not terrorist. [[User:RSchlafly|RSchlafly]] 16:45, 19 March 2007 (EDT)

*Be mindful of your train of logic. If I blew up a children's hospital, then turned around and said "it was a military target," then by your reasoning no one should ever claim that I did a horrible and evil thing such as, well, blowing up a children's hospital... [[User:Jros83|Jros83]] 23:20, 22 June 2007 (EDT)*

:::: But almost all bombers say that they are attacking complicit targets in wars of independence. [[User:Wikinterpreter|Wikinterpreter]]

::::: No, terrorist bombers target civilians, such as random people on a public bus. [[User:RSchlafly|RSchlafly]] 15:29, 21 March 2007 (EDT)

:::::: But they say that the civilians are complicit. Anyway, of the 91 people killed, only 28 were British: 41 were Arabs, 17 were Jews, and 5 haven't been identified. They would seem like civilians. [[User:Wikinterpreter|Wikinterpreter]]

*There we go with another [[deceit]], written as if it is fact. The land was never, not ever, their home, so it cannot be a "war of independence", but more truthfully called a "war of theft", simply terrorism. --[[User:TK|Sysop-TK]] [[User_talk:TK|/MyTalk]] 03:29, 25 June 2007 (EDT)

== The map ==

The map is not accurate, since it shows the Jewish parts of East-Jerusalem and the West-Bank are not in Israel. It also shows not the Golan Heights. Some of the territory are disputed, but not Golan Heights or East-Jerusalem, these are annexed many years ago to Israel. I dont know should the map show Oslo "Area B" or "Area C" which are run now by "Palestinian" authority, but probably it should show Area "A", and aboslutely show East-Jerusalem and Golan in Israel.

Étienne Léger

== GDP ==

The GDP figures are confusing. The article discusses a GDP per capita of 17K+ in 2005, but yet it is 26K+ in 2006. This would appear to be inconsistent. For the record, the CIA factbook would seem to support the higher number. [[User:Learn together|Learn together]] 15:53, 8 August 2008 (EDT)

==Biblical Israel==
Do we need a page on the Biblical Israel and the Upper/Lower kingdom history? --[[User:MHayes|MHayes]] 19:49, 3 September 2008 (EDT)

Paradise

2008-09-03T23:47:27Z

MHayes: New page: '''Paradise''' is a Persian word that roughly equates to the "heaven" side of the Heaven/Hell duality in Zoroastrianism. When the ancient Tribe of the Upper Kingdom was freed from Bab...

'''Paradise''' is a Persian word that roughly equates to the "heaven" side of the Heaven/Hell duality in Zoroastrianism. When the ancient Tribe of the [[Upper Kingdom]] was freed from Babalonian Exhile, they adopted many cultural traits and parts of the language from the Zoroastrians, including the word Paradise.

The English usage of Paradise for Heaven comes through French, which takes its form "paradis" from the Latin. Latin borrowed from the Greek, which took the word more directly from the Persian word.

Infiltration

2008-09-03T23:38:37Z

MHayes: New page: '''Infiltration''' means leakage into something, as infiltrates in the waste water system from externam sources like rain water.

'''Infiltration''' means leakage into something, as infiltrates in the waste water system from externam sources like rain water.

Altes

2008-09-03T18:13:01Z

MHayes:

'''Altes''' is a mythological king of the [[Leleges]] and father of [[Laothoë]] (a wife of [[Priam]]). He is mentioned in Homer's ''The [[Iliad]]''

[[Category:Ancient Greece]]
[[Category:Mythology]]

Altes

2008-09-03T17:18:56Z

MHayes:

'''Altes''' is a mythological king of the [[Leleges]] and father of [[Laothoë]] (a wife of [[Priam]]). He is mentioned in Homer's ''[[The Iliad]]''

[[Category:Ancient Greece]]
[[Category:Mythology]]

Altes

2008-09-03T17:18:45Z

MHayes:

'''Altes''' is a mythological king of the [[Leleges]] and father of [[Laothoë]] (a wife of [[Priam]]). He is mentioned in Homor's ''[[The Iliad]]''

[[Category:Ancient Greece]]
[[Category:Mythology]]

Syndrome

2008-09-03T17:03:22Z

MHayes:

A '''Syndrome''' is the group or recognizable pattern of symptoms or abnormalities that indicate a particular trait or [[disease]].

The term has come to be used in social studies as well, when discussing the way people behave with recognizable patterns. The "Hollywood Syndrome" could be used to define the situation with [[Hollywood values]] as an example.

== Sources ==
http://www.genome.gov/glossary.cfm?key=syndrome

[[category:genetics]]

Plains

2008-09-03T16:58:20Z

MHayes:

'''Plains''' are an extensive area of level or rolling treeless country. They may contain tall grass or [[farms]] and in some cases even trees and dense shrubbery.

The United States Great Plains are critical to the economy not only of the United States, but of the world, since a large precentage of both human and animal grade food comes from the Great Plains.

The book ''The Grapes of Wrath'' by John Steinbeck is set in part on the Great Plains during the great dustbowl.
== External links ==

*[http://www.enchantedlearning.com/geography/glossary/ Glossary]
[[Category: Geography]]

Scam

2008-09-03T16:52:26Z

MHayes:

A '''scam''' is a method of making [[money]], gaining power, or obtaining other benefits by conning people into giving the scam-artist or con-artist that which he or she wants (usually, in the form of money). Scams always involve [[deceit]] of some form.

Scams are significantly effective on older women who are more vulnerable to either power pressure or requests for compassion, so it is important for families to protect our elder women.

==See also==
*[[Whitewater]]

[[category:law]]

Talk:Essay:Rules of Chivalry for Students

2008-09-03T16:49:50Z

MHayes: /* Equal */

At first I thought this might be parody, then I saw who created it... now I think perhaps it's not that bad a page after all. [[User:NewCrusader|NewCrusader]] 20:22, 2 September 2008 (EDT)
:Why would you think it was parody? [[User:HenryS|HenryS]] 20:23, 2 September 2008 (EDT)
::Because it's typical of liberals to accuse conservatives of being outdated, or of supporting gender inequality. If it looks like us as seen by them, it may be written by them. But I know Aschlafly is no parodist, so I can trust this. [[User:NewCrusader|NewCrusader]] 20:56, 2 September 2008 (EDT)
:This is no parody. My class of 56 teenagers, boys and girls, starts Thursday. Unlike my prior classes, this one is going to develop a bit of [[chivalry]].--[[User:Aschlafly|Aschlafly]] 20:26, 2 September 2008 (EDT)
::Aschlafly, might I ask where you teach? I more than somewhat like the articles I see here. I did not know as much about Barack Obama untill I read that article on him,and am rather impressed by the depth of multiple other articles. [[User:JohnI|JohnI]] 20:31, 2 September 2008 (EDT)

::: I teach in [[New Jersey]]. I don't use any school. Thanks for your comments, if sincere, and regardless Godspeed to you.--[[User:Aschlafly|Aschlafly]] 20:34, 2 September 2008 (EDT)

::::As a thought, it would be interesting to ask the students in your pending class to contribute a few entries themselves. I'm sure most of us are not teen-age students, so it would be interesting to get their direct perspective on what they'd consider "chivalrous". --[[User:DinsdaleP|DinsdaleP]] 21:23, 2 September 2008 (EDT)

==Sports==
What does attending boys' sporting events have to do with chivalry? [[User:HenryS|HenryS]] 20:35, 2 September 2008 (EDT)

:It is supportive of your classmates.[[User:ErstBlenchPoet|ErstBlenchPoet]] 20:37, 2 September 2008 (EDT)
::I just don't see that as fitting in. Lets get more opinions. [[User:HenryS|HenryS]] 20:38, 2 September 2008 (EDT)

:::Because they are more easily injured, girls should not play most sports (except the explicitly feminine ones such as gymnastics or dance). Therefore it is appropriate for them to cheer on the sidelines and provide support.[[User:ErstBlenchPoet|ErstBlenchPoet]] 20:40, 2 September 2008 (EDT)
:::::Ah, I see. Welcome back, ErstBlenchPoet. [[User:HenryS|HenryS]] 20:46, 2 September 2008 (EDT)
::::I do somewhat object to that, I have seen quite a couple women and girls playing sports, including what you would consider not to be "explictily feminine ones", and while I have seen some of them get injured, the amount seemed about even to the men. I believe that both genders can cheer at athletic events, as below. [[User:JohnI|JohnI]] 20:45, 2 September 2008 (EDT)
::::I agree that attending sports events is supportive however I dont think it specifically applies to girls as such. More the whole class should get out and cheer each other on. [[User:ClarkeD|ClarkeD]] 20:42, 2 September 2008 (EDT)
:::::I removed it per consensus. [[User:HenryS|HenryS]] 20:46, 2 September 2008 (EDT)
::::::How about a "both" section? It would be a good place for listing things like being supportive of classmates' endeavors. I also think the "no cursing" should be #1. [[User:Human|Human]] 21:06, 2 September 2008 (EDT)
:::::::I agree with that idea. Another one I think should be in "both" would be proper dress. [[User:JohnI|JohnI]] 21:55, 2 September 2008 (EDT)

==hat doffing==
(unindent) Would removing one's hat in the presence of a lady be considered anachronistic? While a hat is no longer a major part of adult attire, many teenagers wear baseball caps and the like. --[[User:Benp|Benp]] 20:47, 2 September 2008 (EDT)
:I was brought up to not wear hats inside period. [[User:ClarkeD|ClarkeD]] 20:49, 2 September 2008 (EDT)

I can't believe my entry was removed. I am from Belgium and here most girls curtsey, and all are taught to! I can't believe that it is considered anachronistic in America! I hope the other Europeans here agree with me. --[[User:HPoirot|HPoirot]] 20:52, 2 September 2008 (EDT)
:I never saw that in Brussles. But then again, my eyes were only for chocolate. ;-) Seriously, your teens curtsey for someone other than royalty?--[[User:MHayes|MHayes]] 21:09, 2 September 2008 (EDT)
::And how often did you see men bow? Good manners are fading, but I guarantee you that every girl learns to curtsey here. --[[User:HPoirot|HPoirot]] 21:18, 2 September 2008 (EDT)

::: I don't know. Seems far-fetched, HPoirot. It hasn't been seen in the U.S. for many decades.--[[User:Aschlafly|Aschlafly]] 21:31, 2 September 2008 (EDT)
::::You are the teacher and I do not want you to teach wrong manners. Still, I can only feel sad that the U.S. have gone so far. All the world admires and takes example from the U.S., but also imports most of your uses and manners, including some which are questionable. Good luck for your class though, teaching chivalry to students is an admirable task. --[[User:HPoirot|HPoirot]] 21:39, 2 September 2008 (EDT)

==Complementing people==
why should complementing people be reserved as something boys do for girls. *everyone* especially young teens trying to find their path in this world, can benefit from sharp, insightful (not empty) complements. "I really like your ideas on that last question". "Your writing style is impressive". and "I find that you have wonderful taste in literature, would you recommend something to me". "golly sally you are sure' perty" seems like something from the 1950's tv reality. We can have our well educated kids do far better than that! I try to find one really genuine thing to say about a person I work with each day. And when I can, I try to make it about them, not just what they are wearing, or things they cant change like how pretty they look.--[[User:MHayes|MHayes]] 21:07, 2 September 2008 (EDT)

:Nicely said. A sincere compliment on what someone does (which we can change with every choice we make) goes a long way to building a good self-image. --[[User:DinsdaleP|DinsdaleP]] 21:20, 2 September 2008 (EDT)

:: Chivalry emphasizes complimenting females. They appreciate it more than males do. In fact, a male can find a compliment to be patronizing or insincere.--[[User:Aschlafly|Aschlafly]] 21:24, 2 September 2008 (EDT)

:::I'd think a female would find an insincere or patronizing "compliment" just as offensive. You're right about chivalry being oriented about the manners of men in their treatment of women, though. It just seems a shame to pass on an opportunity to teach both genders in a 21st century class about courtesy, manners and respect without it depending so much on which gender one belongs to. --[[User:DinsdaleP|DinsdaleP]] 21:31, 2 September 2008 (EDT)

::::(edit conflict) That is just wrong, Andy. A complement is important to all people. Especially people who are strong, who are intelligent, and who want to be important community leaders. Boys take and give complements every day and are better for it. perhaps you mean to say "flattery" where it isn't a complement about something someone does well, but just empty rhetoric about how pretty they are. Are you truly sitting here saying that you, a man, do not complement your students, and if you do, they boys only think it is hollow or patronizing? Teachers teach by pointing out the best in each thing they say, and then trying to help make other aspects as good. Teachers teach by saying "you have really improved in your essay writing (and it does not matter if its Jane or John), but you still need to work on your math skills". Teachers teach by giving grades that do not just have letters, but well explained reasons for why they were given that grade which *necessarily* provides things they student does well, not just things he or she does poorly. --[[User:MHayes|MHayes]] 21:33, 2 September 2008 (EDT)

==Dresses==

I believe it should be mentioned that wearing a dress is preferable for a girl seeing how it is more traditional and it establishes set gender roles. Pants were originally designed to be worn exclusively by men and were worn exclusively until the Feminist movement in the 60's. -- [[User:Jose83|Jose83]]

Girls

1. Put your superior social skills to good use by welcoming others.
2. Do not attempt to embarrass a boy, as in trying to beat him in arm-wrestling or bragging that you did better on a test.
3. Avoid excessive gossip.
4. Dress modestly, not provocatively or suggestively. A dress is preferable.
5. Avoid profanity.

-- [[User:Jose83|Jose83]]
:Didn't you learn anything since your last parody block? [[User:HenryS|HenryS]] 21:28, 2 September 2008 (EDT)

::That was parody, but given that there are essays like [[Essay:Women wearing pants]] written by sysops it's not that far a stretch. --[[User:DinsdaleP|DinsdaleP]] 21:37, 2 September 2008 (EDT)

Please focus your attention on the writing, not the writer. --[[User:Ed Poor|Ed Poor]] [[User talk:Ed Poor|Talk]] 09:35, 3 September 2008 (EDT)

== Rules for both genders ==

Would it be appropriate to redivide this with one section for rules which apply to both genders (e.g. good manners, avoid profanity, avoid gossip), then the sections on ruled for boys and girls? I think that many of the rules should apply equally to boys & girls, although there are a few which are more specific. [[User:Sideways|Sideways]] 09:30, 3 September 2008 (EDT)
:Frankly, I think that would be a wonderful idea. I am a Christian woman who puts my family first. But I am also a supporter of women finding their own strength and wisdom and path - and not just being empty wombs that some people want us to be. We are mothers, and it takes an inordinate amount of awareness, lifeskills, intelligence, and even stubbornness (kids are a blessing, but damn are they a pain!) to be a good mother. Rules in our house, and rules in my highschool classes go for BOTH genders. No one hits the other, both of my kids are to have respect for each other. Both are to help out either parent when it's needed (and yes, both my son and my husband do the dishes if they need done, and I've been known to use a drill when something is loose. being the head of the household, and being a good wife as defined by Christianity does not mean you have to be dogmatic as a man nor a push over as a woman. and nothing in the bible says women are less - just that they have differences.) In my classroom, no one uses bad language, no one slouches when anyone else is giving a presentation, all students help pick up before we go out, all students help monitor each other's works. And if and when any student gets a great grade, they are encouraged to be proud of the grade but not tease others. "girls should not tease boys about higher grades" makes it sound as if boys should be getting the higher grades. Everyone is treated equally in my classes. This is what mutual respect is all about, and it is a very Christian and Jesus-like view. Bravo for suggesting it!--[[User:MHayes|MHayes]] 12:40, 3 September 2008 (EDT)

==Equal==

Boys and girls are not 'equal' - in things like strength, for instance - so it's unlikely a boy would lower himself by bragging the way sideways suggested.

We have separate do's and dont's for boys and girls because of their inherent differences. If you want to argue about whether such differences exist (or are socially conditioned), start a debate page - don't make ideological edits. --[[User:Ed Poor|Ed Poor]] [[User talk:Ed Poor|Talk]] 09:33, 3 September 2008 (EDT)
:How was it an ideological edit? It was an edit related to chivalry. Wouldn't you agree that a boy bragging about beating a girl is decidedly unchivalrous? I have certainly encountered this sort of bragging, and do consider it unchivalrous, for the very reason that there is a difference in strength and aptitude, which is why I believe it should be acknowledged as a rule of chivalry. The reason that ''most'' boys would not lower themselves to this kind of bragging is precisely because they consider it unchivalrous. [[User:Sideways|Sideways]] 09:40, 3 September 2008 (EDT)
::Ed, that is also a sexist view point. Boys are not "better" than women, you know. and boys *do* brag, and girls brag. neither should be encouraged to brag. But I am beginning to find that several of you do not have Christian Equality in mind, but rather like stating that women are an inferior being. Not one place in the Bible will you find it stated that women are more likely to be braggarts then men. No where in the Bible does Jesus, or Paul, or even Timothy suggest that women shouldn't be proud of their educational accomplishments. Being a good Christian woman is about putting your family first in a melinia where the entire world wants you to put your career first. (again, why I have issues with Palin, serious ones). Being a good Chrsitian woman means knowing your husband is the ultimate arbitrator if you and he disagree about something - but it does not mean you should not express your opinion nor does it mean he should not listen and does not have to respect you. Being a good Christian woman means finding love at the core of what you do, and putting aside petty things we *all* as humans are tempted to do. but in no way, anywhere in our Bible does it suggest that women are more likely to be petty, nor that men must somehow "handle" women, or that men should be treated with kid gloves and not embarrassed in class. That is just reinforcing the idea that women are not as capable as men in navigating this world. We use different emotional paths, and put value in other places, but we are just as valuable and important as men. Your comments are hateful to women, I'm sorry to say, by belittling them and turning us into mere toys and not strong, loving, compassionate, intelligent beings on our own.Michelle. Proud mother, Proud Wife, Proud educator, Proud student and scholar (in that order). --[[User:MHayes|MHayes]] 12:49, 3 September 2008 (EDT)

== Essay? ==

Regarding NewCrusader's concern that this might be a parody, well, this is no essay at all. An essay is a ''written composition of moderate length exploring a particular issue or subject''. What we have here is just an enumeration of "guidelines".
Perhaps it would be better without the "Essay", just "Rules of Chivalry for Students," under a new category: Conservative guidelines or something like that. --[[User:CBlake|CBlake]] 11:17, 3 September 2008 (EDT)
:I'd point out that '''Essay:''' as a ''wiki namespace'' is not necessarily the same as ''essay'' in the dictionary. --[[User:EPauper|EPauper]] 11:21, 3 September 2008 (EDT)

::From that point of view, obviously. --[[User:CBlake|CBlake]] 11:30, 3 September 2008 (EDT)

:: And I'll point out that "Essay" is not actually a namespace on Conservapedia! This page (not the talk page, of course) is in mainspace. [[User:Philip J. Rayment|Philip J. Rayment]] 11:31, 3 September 2008 (EDT)
:::Oh, point taken! I thought both Essay: and Debate: were separate namespaces. --[[User:EPauper|EPauper]] 11:33, 3 September 2008 (EDT)

:::: I've avoided adding new namespaces because they frustrate searching. I've been told that there is a software change to overcome that frustration, but that seems to be low priority right now.--[[User:Aschlafly|Aschlafly]] 12:10, 3 September 2008 (EDT)

Talk:Essay:Rules of Chivalry for Students

2008-09-03T16:40:20Z

MHayes: /* Rules for both genders */

At first I thought this might be parody, then I saw who created it... now I think perhaps it's not that bad a page after all. [[User:NewCrusader|NewCrusader]] 20:22, 2 September 2008 (EDT)
:Why would you think it was parody? [[User:HenryS|HenryS]] 20:23, 2 September 2008 (EDT)
::Because it's typical of liberals to accuse conservatives of being outdated, or of supporting gender inequality. If it looks like us as seen by them, it may be written by them. But I know Aschlafly is no parodist, so I can trust this. [[User:NewCrusader|NewCrusader]] 20:56, 2 September 2008 (EDT)
:This is no parody. My class of 56 teenagers, boys and girls, starts Thursday. Unlike my prior classes, this one is going to develop a bit of [[chivalry]].--[[User:Aschlafly|Aschlafly]] 20:26, 2 September 2008 (EDT)
::Aschlafly, might I ask where you teach? I more than somewhat like the articles I see here. I did not know as much about Barack Obama untill I read that article on him,and am rather impressed by the depth of multiple other articles. [[User:JohnI|JohnI]] 20:31, 2 September 2008 (EDT)

::: I teach in [[New Jersey]]. I don't use any school. Thanks for your comments, if sincere, and regardless Godspeed to you.--[[User:Aschlafly|Aschlafly]] 20:34, 2 September 2008 (EDT)

::::As a thought, it would be interesting to ask the students in your pending class to contribute a few entries themselves. I'm sure most of us are not teen-age students, so it would be interesting to get their direct perspective on what they'd consider "chivalrous". --[[User:DinsdaleP|DinsdaleP]] 21:23, 2 September 2008 (EDT)

==Sports==
What does attending boys' sporting events have to do with chivalry? [[User:HenryS|HenryS]] 20:35, 2 September 2008 (EDT)

:It is supportive of your classmates.[[User:ErstBlenchPoet|ErstBlenchPoet]] 20:37, 2 September 2008 (EDT)
::I just don't see that as fitting in. Lets get more opinions. [[User:HenryS|HenryS]] 20:38, 2 September 2008 (EDT)

:::Because they are more easily injured, girls should not play most sports (except the explicitly feminine ones such as gymnastics or dance). Therefore it is appropriate for them to cheer on the sidelines and provide support.[[User:ErstBlenchPoet|ErstBlenchPoet]] 20:40, 2 September 2008 (EDT)
:::::Ah, I see. Welcome back, ErstBlenchPoet. [[User:HenryS|HenryS]] 20:46, 2 September 2008 (EDT)
::::I do somewhat object to that, I have seen quite a couple women and girls playing sports, including what you would consider not to be "explictily feminine ones", and while I have seen some of them get injured, the amount seemed about even to the men. I believe that both genders can cheer at athletic events, as below. [[User:JohnI|JohnI]] 20:45, 2 September 2008 (EDT)
::::I agree that attending sports events is supportive however I dont think it specifically applies to girls as such. More the whole class should get out and cheer each other on. [[User:ClarkeD|ClarkeD]] 20:42, 2 September 2008 (EDT)
:::::I removed it per consensus. [[User:HenryS|HenryS]] 20:46, 2 September 2008 (EDT)
::::::How about a "both" section? It would be a good place for listing things like being supportive of classmates' endeavors. I also think the "no cursing" should be #1. [[User:Human|Human]] 21:06, 2 September 2008 (EDT)
:::::::I agree with that idea. Another one I think should be in "both" would be proper dress. [[User:JohnI|JohnI]] 21:55, 2 September 2008 (EDT)

==hat doffing==
(unindent) Would removing one's hat in the presence of a lady be considered anachronistic? While a hat is no longer a major part of adult attire, many teenagers wear baseball caps and the like. --[[User:Benp|Benp]] 20:47, 2 September 2008 (EDT)
:I was brought up to not wear hats inside period. [[User:ClarkeD|ClarkeD]] 20:49, 2 September 2008 (EDT)

I can't believe my entry was removed. I am from Belgium and here most girls curtsey, and all are taught to! I can't believe that it is considered anachronistic in America! I hope the other Europeans here agree with me. --[[User:HPoirot|HPoirot]] 20:52, 2 September 2008 (EDT)
:I never saw that in Brussles. But then again, my eyes were only for chocolate. ;-) Seriously, your teens curtsey for someone other than royalty?--[[User:MHayes|MHayes]] 21:09, 2 September 2008 (EDT)
::And how often did you see men bow? Good manners are fading, but I guarantee you that every girl learns to curtsey here. --[[User:HPoirot|HPoirot]] 21:18, 2 September 2008 (EDT)

::: I don't know. Seems far-fetched, HPoirot. It hasn't been seen in the U.S. for many decades.--[[User:Aschlafly|Aschlafly]] 21:31, 2 September 2008 (EDT)
::::You are the teacher and I do not want you to teach wrong manners. Still, I can only feel sad that the U.S. have gone so far. All the world admires and takes example from the U.S., but also imports most of your uses and manners, including some which are questionable. Good luck for your class though, teaching chivalry to students is an admirable task. --[[User:HPoirot|HPoirot]] 21:39, 2 September 2008 (EDT)

==Complementing people==
why should complementing people be reserved as something boys do for girls. *everyone* especially young teens trying to find their path in this world, can benefit from sharp, insightful (not empty) complements. "I really like your ideas on that last question". "Your writing style is impressive". and "I find that you have wonderful taste in literature, would you recommend something to me". "golly sally you are sure' perty" seems like something from the 1950's tv reality. We can have our well educated kids do far better than that! I try to find one really genuine thing to say about a person I work with each day. And when I can, I try to make it about them, not just what they are wearing, or things they cant change like how pretty they look.--[[User:MHayes|MHayes]] 21:07, 2 September 2008 (EDT)

:Nicely said. A sincere compliment on what someone does (which we can change with every choice we make) goes a long way to building a good self-image. --[[User:DinsdaleP|DinsdaleP]] 21:20, 2 September 2008 (EDT)

:: Chivalry emphasizes complimenting females. They appreciate it more than males do. In fact, a male can find a compliment to be patronizing or insincere.--[[User:Aschlafly|Aschlafly]] 21:24, 2 September 2008 (EDT)

:::I'd think a female would find an insincere or patronizing "compliment" just as offensive. You're right about chivalry being oriented about the manners of men in their treatment of women, though. It just seems a shame to pass on an opportunity to teach both genders in a 21st century class about courtesy, manners and respect without it depending so much on which gender one belongs to. --[[User:DinsdaleP|DinsdaleP]] 21:31, 2 September 2008 (EDT)

::::(edit conflict) That is just wrong, Andy. A complement is important to all people. Especially people who are strong, who are intelligent, and who want to be important community leaders. Boys take and give complements every day and are better for it. perhaps you mean to say "flattery" where it isn't a complement about something someone does well, but just empty rhetoric about how pretty they are. Are you truly sitting here saying that you, a man, do not complement your students, and if you do, they boys only think it is hollow or patronizing? Teachers teach by pointing out the best in each thing they say, and then trying to help make other aspects as good. Teachers teach by saying "you have really improved in your essay writing (and it does not matter if its Jane or John), but you still need to work on your math skills". Teachers teach by giving grades that do not just have letters, but well explained reasons for why they were given that grade which *necessarily* provides things they student does well, not just things he or she does poorly. --[[User:MHayes|MHayes]] 21:33, 2 September 2008 (EDT)

==Dresses==

I believe it should be mentioned that wearing a dress is preferable for a girl seeing how it is more traditional and it establishes set gender roles. Pants were originally designed to be worn exclusively by men and were worn exclusively until the Feminist movement in the 60's. -- [[User:Jose83|Jose83]]

Girls

1. Put your superior social skills to good use by welcoming others.
2. Do not attempt to embarrass a boy, as in trying to beat him in arm-wrestling or bragging that you did better on a test.
3. Avoid excessive gossip.
4. Dress modestly, not provocatively or suggestively. A dress is preferable.
5. Avoid profanity.

-- [[User:Jose83|Jose83]]
:Didn't you learn anything since your last parody block? [[User:HenryS|HenryS]] 21:28, 2 September 2008 (EDT)

::That was parody, but given that there are essays like [[Essay:Women wearing pants]] written by sysops it's not that far a stretch. --[[User:DinsdaleP|DinsdaleP]] 21:37, 2 September 2008 (EDT)

Please focus your attention on the writing, not the writer. --[[User:Ed Poor|Ed Poor]] [[User talk:Ed Poor|Talk]] 09:35, 3 September 2008 (EDT)

== Rules for both genders ==

Would it be appropriate to redivide this with one section for rules which apply to both genders (e.g. good manners, avoid profanity, avoid gossip), then the sections on ruled for boys and girls? I think that many of the rules should apply equally to boys & girls, although there are a few which are more specific. [[User:Sideways|Sideways]] 09:30, 3 September 2008 (EDT)
:Frankly, I think that would be a wonderful idea. I am a Christian woman who puts my family first. But I am also a supporter of women finding their own strength and wisdom and path - and not just being empty wombs that some people want us to be. We are mothers, and it takes an inordinate amount of awareness, lifeskills, intelligence, and even stubbornness (kids are a blessing, but damn are they a pain!) to be a good mother. Rules in our house, and rules in my highschool classes go for BOTH genders. No one hits the other, both of my kids are to have respect for each other. Both are to help out either parent when it's needed (and yes, both my son and my husband do the dishes if they need done, and I've been known to use a drill when something is loose. being the head of the household, and being a good wife as defined by Christianity does not mean you have to be dogmatic as a man nor a push over as a woman. and nothing in the bible says women are less - just that they have differences.) In my classroom, no one uses bad language, no one slouches when anyone else is giving a presentation, all students help pick up before we go out, all students help monitor each other's works. And if and when any student gets a great grade, they are encouraged to be proud of the grade but not tease others. "girls should not tease boys about higher grades" makes it sound as if boys should be getting the higher grades. Everyone is treated equally in my classes. This is what mutual respect is all about, and it is a very Christian and Jesus-like view. Bravo for suggesting it!--[[User:MHayes|MHayes]] 12:40, 3 September 2008 (EDT)

==Equal==

Boys and girls are not 'equal' - in things like strength, for instance - so it's unlikely a boy would lower himself by bragging the way sideways suggested.

We have separate do's and dont's for boys and girls because of their inherent differences. If you want to argue about whether such differences exist (or are socially conditioned), start a debate page - don't make ideological edits. --[[User:Ed Poor|Ed Poor]] [[User talk:Ed Poor|Talk]] 09:33, 3 September 2008 (EDT)
:How was it an ideological edit? It was an edit related to chivalry. Wouldn't you agree that a boy bragging about beating a girl is decidedly unchivalrous? I have certainly encountered this sort of bragging, and do consider it unchivalrous, for the very reason that there is a difference in strength and aptitude, which is why I believe it should be acknowledged as a rule of chivalry. The reason that ''most'' boys would not lower themselves to this kind of bragging is precisely because they consider it unchivalrous. [[User:Sideways|Sideways]] 09:40, 3 September 2008 (EDT)

== Essay? ==

Regarding NewCrusader's concern that this might be a parody, well, this is no essay at all. An essay is a ''written composition of moderate length exploring a particular issue or subject''. What we have here is just an enumeration of "guidelines".
Perhaps it would be better without the "Essay", just "Rules of Chivalry for Students," under a new category: Conservative guidelines or something like that. --[[User:CBlake|CBlake]] 11:17, 3 September 2008 (EDT)
:I'd point out that '''Essay:''' as a ''wiki namespace'' is not necessarily the same as ''essay'' in the dictionary. --[[User:EPauper|EPauper]] 11:21, 3 September 2008 (EDT)

::From that point of view, obviously. --[[User:CBlake|CBlake]] 11:30, 3 September 2008 (EDT)

:: And I'll point out that "Essay" is not actually a namespace on Conservapedia! This page (not the talk page, of course) is in mainspace. [[User:Philip J. Rayment|Philip J. Rayment]] 11:31, 3 September 2008 (EDT)
:::Oh, point taken! I thought both Essay: and Debate: were separate namespaces. --[[User:EPauper|EPauper]] 11:33, 3 September 2008 (EDT)

:::: I've avoided adding new namespaces because they frustrate searching. I've been told that there is a software change to overcome that frustration, but that seems to be low priority right now.--[[User:Aschlafly|Aschlafly]] 12:10, 3 September 2008 (EDT)

Invesco Field

2008-09-03T02:37:01Z

MHayes: New page: '''Invesco Field at Mile High''' is the tax-funded Arena predominatly used by the Denver Broncos<ref> (GO TEAM)</ref> but also used for major concerts, soccer teams, and the 2008 Democrati...

'''Invesco Field at Mile High''' is the tax-funded Arena predominatly used by the Denver Broncos<ref> (GO TEAM)</ref> but also used for major concerts, soccer teams, and the 2008 Democratic National Convention.

Though it has the formal name of "Invesco Field", locals still say "Mile High", and still see it as the Field that John built.

Talk:Essay:Rules of Chivalry for Students

2008-09-03T01:33:16Z

MHayes: /* Complementing people */

Talk:Essay:Rules of Chivalry for Students

2008-09-03T01:09:11Z

MHayes: /* hat doffing */

Talk:Essay:Rules of Chivalry for Students

2008-09-03T01:07:57Z

MHayes:

Edo

2008-09-01T14:11:41Z

MHayes:

'''Edo''' is the former name of [[Tokyo]]. The name was changed to Tokyo in 1868 when the capital of Japan moved from Kyoto.

[[Category:Japan]]

Alphabet

2008-08-31T22:55:40Z

MHayes: alphabets are not foundational of writing, they are foundational of some writing.

An '''alphabet''' is a series of symbols [[letters]] which correlate to individual sounds, allowing the spoken word to be recorded for later use. The word "alphabet" is a combination of the first two letters ([[alpha]] and [[beta]]) of the [[Greek]] alphabet. Many ancient alphabets evolved from even earlier writings, of ancient ''pictograms'' where a spoken sound or word was represented by small drawing of an object. These pictures eventually developed into formalized graphical symbols. By convention these symbols are written in a specific order ([[alphabetic]] order).

== Latin Alphabets ==

The '''Latin alphabet''' (or '''Roman alphabet''') is the most widely-used [[alphabetic writing system]] in the world.<ref>http://www.orbilat.com/Languages/Latin/Grammar/Latin-Alphabet.html</ref> Most Western alphabets are based on the script of ancient [[Rome]] which comprises the following 23 characters or letters:

:[[A|Aa]], [[B|Bb]], [[C|Cc]], [[D|Dd]], [[E|Ee]], [[F|Ff]], [[G|Gg]], [[H|Hh]], [[I|Ii]], [[K|Kk]], [[L|Ll]], [[M|Mm]], [[N|Nn]], [[O|Oo]], [[P|Pp]], [[Q|Qq]], [[R|Rr]], [[S|Ss]], [[T|Tt]], [[V|Vv]], [[X|Xx]], [[Y|Yy]], [[Z|Zz]]

=== English Alphabet ===
In the English language three characters have been added to the Latin alphabet, and the English alphabet comprises the following '''26''' characters:

:Aa, Bb, Cc, Dd, Ee, Ff, Gg, Hh, Ii, '''[[J|Jj]]''', Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Oo, Pp, Qq, Rr, Ss, Tt, '''[[U|Uu]]''', Vv, '''[[W|Ww]]''', Xx, Yy, Zz

=== Other Languages ===

Most Germanic and Romance languages from Europe use the same letters as the English alphabet. Some languages expand the alphabet's representation with with [[diacritic]]al<ref>Sometimes referred to as ''accented'' letter, e.g. á, ç, è, î, ñ, ü</ref> markings on the letters, but these are not considered by the language to be distinct letters. [[digraph]]s<ref>Two letters that represent a single sound and are regarded as distinct from their individual components, such as ''ll'' in Welsh or Spanish</ref> and [[ligature]]s <ref>Two letters that are combined into one such as the German double-S: '''''ß'''''</ref>.

== Greek Alphabet ==

The Greek alphabet comprises the following characters:

[[Alpha|Αα]], [[Beta|Ββ]], [[Gamma|Γγ]], [[Delta|Δδ]], [[Epsilon|Εε]], [[Zeta|Ζζ]], [[Eta|Ηη]], [[Theta|Θθ]], [[Iota|Ιι]], [[Kappa|Κκ]], [[Lamda|Λλ]], [[Mu (Greek letter)|Μμ]], [[Nu|Νν]], [[Xi|Ξξ]], [[Omicron|Οο]], [[Pi|Ππ]], [[Rho| Ρ ρ]], [[Sigma|Σσς]], [[Tau|Ττ]], [[Upsilon|Υυ]], [[Phi|Φφ]], [[Chi|Χχ]], [[Psi|Ψψ]], [[Omega|Ωω]]

In addition to the single letters, Greek letters may be combined to make completely new sounds, such as ντ, which makes a "d" sound or αυ, which makes the sound "af" or "av".

== Cyrillic Alphabet ==
The '''Cyrillic alphabet''', and variants of it, is used in [[Russian]], [[Ukrainian]], [[Bulgarian]], [[Serbo-Croat]] and [[Mongolian]] (in the Republic of [[Mongolia]]). The Cyrillic alphablet was manditory in [[Soviet]] republics before their independence from the [[Soviet Union]], but many of these have reverted to their earlier alphabets which often are based on Latin letters.

== Hebrew Alphabet ==

The '''Hebrew alphabet''' is made up of 22 letters used in the Hebrew and [[Judaism|Jewish]] languages. The Hebrew word for "alphabet" is '''אלף-בית''' ("alef-bet"), derived from the first two letters of the alphabet. Five of the letters - Kaf, Mem, Nun, Pe and Tsadi - have a different appearance when used as the last letter in a word. The letters are written and read from right to left, and have only one case.

{| style="background:lightsteelblue; color:black" align="center"
|-
!'''[[Aleph (Hebrew)|Alef]]'''||'''[[Beth (letter)|Bet/Vet]]'''||'''[[Gimel (letter)|Gimel]]'''||'''[[Daleth|Dalet]]'''||'''[[He (letter)|He]]'''||'''[[Waw (letter)|Vav]]'''||'''[[Zayin]]'''||'''[[Khet (letter)|Khet]]'''||'''[[Teth|Tet]]'''||'''[[Yodh|Yod]]'''||'''[[Kaph|Kaf/Khaf]]'''
|-
| rowspan="2" align="center"; style="font-family:SBL Hebrew, Ezra SIL SR, Ezra SIL, Cardo, Chrysanthi Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Narkisim, Times New Roman;font-size:200%; text-align:center" height=40 valign=top|א
| rowspan="2" align="center"; style="font-family:SBL Hebrew, Ezra SIL SR, Ezra SIL, Cardo, Chrysanthi Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Narkisim, Times New Roman;font-size:200%; text-align:center" height=40 valign=top|ב
| rowspan="2" align="center"; style="font-family:SBL Hebrew, Ezra SIL SR, Ezra SIL, Cardo, Chrysanthi Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Narkisim, Times New Roman;font-size:200%; text-align:center" height=40 valign=top|ג
| rowspan="2" align="center"; style="font-family:SBL Hebrew, Ezra SIL SR, Ezra SIL, Cardo, Chrysanthi Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Narkisim, Times New Roman;font-size:200%; text-align:center" height=40 valign=top|ד
| rowspan="2" align="center"; style="font-family:SBL Hebrew, Ezra SIL SR, Ezra SIL, Cardo, Chrysanthi Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Narkisim, Times New Roman;font-size:200%; text-align:center" height=40 valign=top|ה
| rowspan="2" align="center"; style="font-family:SBL Hebrew, Ezra SIL SR, Ezra SIL, Cardo, Chrysanthi Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Narkisim, Times New Roman;font-size:200%; text-align:center" height=40 valign=top|ו
| rowspan="2" align="center"; style="font-family:SBL Hebrew, Ezra SIL SR, Ezra SIL, Cardo, Chrysanthi Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Narkisim, Times New Roman;font-size:200%; text-align:center" height=40 valign=top|ז
| rowspan="2" align="center"; style="font-family:SBL Hebrew, Ezra SIL SR, Ezra SIL, Cardo, Chrysanthi Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Narkisim, Times New Roman;font-size:200%; text-align:center" height=40 valign=top|ח
| rowspan="2" align="center"; style="font-family:SBL Hebrew, Ezra SIL SR, Ezra SIL, Cardo, Chrysanthi Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Narkisim, Times New Roman;font-size:200%; text-align:center" height=40 valign=top|ט
| rowspan="2" align="center"; style="font-family:SBL Hebrew, Ezra SIL SR, Ezra SIL, Cardo, Chrysanthi Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Narkisim, Times New Roman;font-size:200%; text-align:center" height=40 valign=top|י
| style="font-family:SBL Hebrew, Ezra SIL SR, Ezra SIL, Cardo, Chrysanthi Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Narkisim, Times New Roman;font-size:200%; text-align:center" height=40 valign=top|כ
|-
|style="font-size:200%; text-align:center; font-family:SBL Hebrew, Ezra SIL SR, Ezra SIL, Cardo, Chrysanthi Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Narkisim, Times New Roman" height=40 valign=top|ך
|-
!'''[[Lamedh|Lamed]]'''||'''[[Mem]]'''||'''[[Nun (letter)|Nun]]'''||'''[[Samekh]]'''||'''[[Ayin]]'''||'''[[Pe (letter)|Pe/Fe]]'''||'''[[Tsade|Tsadi]]'''||'''[[Qoph|Kuf]]'''||'''[[Resh]]'''||'''[[Shin (letter)|Shin/Sin]]'''||'''[[Taw (letter)|Tav]]'''
|-
| rowspan="2" align="center"; style="font-family:SBL Hebrew, Ezra SIL SR, Ezra SIL, Cardo, Chrysanthi Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Narkisim, Times New Roman;font-size:200%; text-align:center" height=40 valign=top|ל
| style="font-family:SBL Hebrew, Ezra SIL SR, Ezra SIL, Cardo, Chrysanthi Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Narkisim, Times New Roman;font-size:200%; text-align:center" height=40 valign=top|מ
| style="font-family:SBL Hebrew, Ezra SIL SR, Ezra SIL, Cardo, Chrysanthi Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Narkisim, Times New Roman;font-size:200%; text-align:center" height=40 valign=top|נ
| rowspan="2" align="center"; style="font-family:SBL Hebrew, Ezra SIL SR, Ezra SIL, Cardo, Chrysanthi Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Narkisim, Times New Roman;font-size:200%; text-align:center" height=40 valign=top|ס
| rowspan="2" align="center"; style="font-family:SBL Hebrew, Ezra SIL SR, Ezra SIL, Cardo, Chrysanthi Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Narkisim, Times New Roman;font-size:200%; text-align:center" height=40 valign=top|ע
| style="font-family:SBL Hebrew, Ezra SIL SR, Ezra SIL, Cardo, Chrysanthi Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Narkisim, Times New Roman;font-size:200%; text-align:center" height=40 valign=top|פ
| style="font-family:SBL Hebrew, Ezra SIL SR, Ezra SIL, Cardo, Chrysanthi Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Narkisim, Times New Roman;font-size:200%; text-align:center" height=40 valign=top|צ
| rowspan="2" align="center"; style="font-family:SBL Hebrew, Ezra SIL SR, Ezra SIL, Cardo, Chrysanthi Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Narkisim, Times New Roman;font-size:200%; text-align:center" height=40 valign=top|ק
| rowspan="2" align="center"; style="font-family:SBL Hebrew, Ezra SIL SR, Ezra SIL, Cardo, Chrysanthi Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Narkisim, Times New Roman;font-size:200%; text-align:center" height=40 valign=top|ר
| rowspan="2" align="center"; style="font-family:SBL Hebrew, Ezra SIL SR, Ezra SIL, Cardo, Chrysanthi Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Narkisim, Times New Roman;font-size:200%; text-align:center" height=40 valign=top|ש
| rowspan="2" align="center"; style="font-family:SBL Hebrew, Ezra SIL SR, Ezra SIL, Cardo, Chrysanthi Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Narkisim, Times New Roman;font-size:200%; text-align:center" height=40 valign=top|ת
|-

| style="font-family:SBL Hebrew, Ezra SIL SR, Ezra SIL, Cardo, Chrysanthi Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Narkisim, Times New Roman;font-size:200%; text-align:center" height=40 valign=top|ם
| style="font-family:SBL Hebrew, Ezra SIL SR, Ezra SIL, Cardo, Chrysanthi Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Narkisim, Times New Roman;font-size:200%; text-align:center" height=40 valign=top|ן
|style="font-family:SBL Hebrew, Ezra SIL SR, Ezra SIL, Cardo, Chrysanthi Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Narkisim, Times New Roman;font-size:200%; text-align:center" height=40 valign=top|ף
|style="font-family:SBL Hebrew, Ezra SIL SR, Ezra SIL, Cardo, Chrysanthi Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic, Arial Unicode MS, Narkisim, Times New Roman;font-size:200%; text-align:center" height=40 valign=top|ץ
|}

== Arabic Alphabet ==

== Korean alphabet ==

== Thai alphabet ==

==Notes & References==

<references/>
[[Category:Languages]]

Letter

2008-08-31T22:43:38Z

MHayes: New page: A '''letter''' is a grapheme (image) that represents a particular sound (phoneme) in a language, and is used in the written construction of that language. Letters are individual members o...

A '''letter''' is a grapheme (image) that represents a particular sound (phoneme) in a language, and is used in the written construction of that language. Letters are individual members of [[alphabet]]s.

Talk:North American Indians

2008-08-31T22:36:15Z

MHayes:

== category - ==

The Native Americans category was seen on the [[Trail of Tears]] article and is likely appropriate here too. --[[User:Rutm|Rutm]] 14:53, 14 September 2007 (EDT)
==Self governing==
I'm always torn on this aspect, so please weigh in or change. There is such a contention among res Indians about just how much self governance they are allowed - and if it should be portrayed as "we don't have much independence" or "we are now governing ourselves". As you say, policing for example, and much of the judicial system is run the way the indians choose. On the other hand, teh Feds tell the locals exactly what they can and cannot investigate on rez land, as it is "federal land" so FBI has technical jurisdiction. Much of what is seen is superficial "feel good", i think. I know that the Govt controls the sales of water and oil and mineral rights on rez owned land to ONLY the govt, then they tend to pay pennies on the dollar. I think it's quite frustrating for Indian governments around this country to feel they would have financial independence if they actually got a fair market for their resources or were able to sell those resources (plutonium, water, gold, oil) on teh open market. Still, it's a good point to realize they are sovereign nations and have taken control of much of their identity since the Indian Reorginization Act. Michelle--[[User:MHayes|MHayes]] 18:34, 31 August 2008 (EDT)

Talk:North American Indians

2008-08-31T22:34:48Z

MHayes: /* category - */

== category - ==

The Native Americans category was seen on the [[Trail of Tears]] article and is likely appropriate here too. --[[User:Rutm|Rutm]] 14:53, 14 September 2007 (EDT)
==Self governing==
I'm always torn on this aspect, so please weigh in or change. There is such a contention among res Indians about just how much self governance they are allowed - and if it should be portrayed as "we don't have much independence" or "we are now governing ourselves". Much of what is seen is superficial "feel good", i think. I know that the Govt controls the sales of water and oil and mineral rights on rez owned land to ONLY the govt, then they tend to pay pennies on the dollar. I think it's quite frustrating for Indian governments around this country to feel they would have financial independence if they actually got a fair market for their resources or were able to sell those resources (plutonium, water, gold, oil) on teh open market. Still, it's a good point to realize they are sovereign nations and have taken control of much of their identity since the Indian Reorginization Act. Michelle--[[User:MHayes|MHayes]] 18:34, 31 August 2008 (EDT)

Vocabulary

2008-08-31T22:07:02Z

MHayes: rechecked statistics in my books. bad memory.

'''Vocabulary''' is a list or collections of words as in the words used by a person, a language, or a group. Conservaedia focuses encyclopedic entries for high school students, therefore it uses an appropriate "vocabulary" of words students would know.

All languages have vocabularies that are in constant flux. Words come and go in the language even if they are not formally recognized by any group. Some organizations or fields of study, like the legal field for example, have specialized vocabulary that the population at large is not generally expected to know.

*American English is said to have over well over 500,000 words.
*The average English adult is said to have roughly 18,000 words in their active vocabulary.
The average High school student vocabulary is roughly 10,000 words
The SAT tests for approximately 35,000 words.

Talk:Profanity

2008-08-31T22:05:38Z

MHayes: /* Not euphemisms */

Is there ''any'' chance that some of these words can be mentioned in the article? I know we need to be [[family-friendly]], but it would be helpful for the article not to have to tiptoe around the words it attempts to discuss. If anything, placing words in historical and educational context tends to take the sting out of them. It is the refusal to mention them that gives the words their power in the first place.

For example, there is one word (four letters long, begins with a C, signifies a part of the female anatomy, generally regarded as highly offensive), which has been in use for centuries, though it was not always a swear-word. It appears in Chaucer's Canterbury Tales with several different spellings but the same meaning, albeit in a manner not intended to shock, and survives as part of the name of a well-known London street. Its etymology is derived from a Latin root word, there are several other inoffensive words in the English language (and other languages) derived from the same root. Nonetheless, it is considered so offensive in modern times that it did not appear in a newspaper until as recently as 1988; compare this with the most famous four-letter word (the one beginning with F), which had appeared in print over a hundred years earlier.

I think that information like this is interesting and of good educational value. Are there any objections? [[User:Eoinc|Eoinc]] 17:01, 4 June 2008 (EDT)
:NO! There are objections to it, and chief among them is the fact that Conservapedia is ''family-friendly'', and we are not going to have a child sit here and read the garbage of a four-letter-word obsenity dictionary. We have stated that postition many times in the past, and as far as we're concerned, discussion about it is terminated. [[User:Karajou|Karajou]] 17:06, 4 June 2008 (EDT)

::Thank you. I understand your objection. Similarly, though, I hope you can see where I'm coming from. I do not for a moment advocate creating an obscenity dictionary, or tacking on a long list of offensive words to the article. But would you not agree that the refusal to utter certain words is exactly what makes them offensive? By discussing them in a mature, sober manner, they lose their power to shock and offend. By treating the words as if they were dangerous, we exacerbate the problem. [[User:Eoinc|Eoinc]] 17:46, 4 June 2008 (EDT)

:Interestingly enough, I came across [http://www.conservapedia.com/Roger_Stone this] page just the other day and wasn't quite sure what to think. [[User:Wandering|Wandering]] 17:56, 4 June 2008 (EDT)

::My goodness, that's bizarre. It took me a moment to see what you were referring to. But that's a good example of immature usage of swearing, intended purely to shock. Clearly, he thought of the name first and that spectacularly weak backronym is the best he could come up with. [[User:Eoinc|Eoinc]] 18:02, 4 June 2008 (EDT)

:::I think that the people who read this encyclopedia (including the young ones) know what the words are! "''But would you not agree that the refusal to utter certain words is exactly what makes them offensive''?" Yes, it's also what makes them '''''fun''''' and, personally, I think it's better to get fun out of illicit use of a few ripe syllables than other, more serious, ways. Keep swearwords where they belong: in the bar, behind the bikesheds at school and on that internet chat site you think your parents don't see.--[[User:Toffeeman|Toffeeman]] 17:34, 31 August 2008 (EDT)

==Not euphemisms==

I reverted one edit which had changed "mock swear words" to "euphamisms" [sic], because the words are not quite euphemisms. A euphemism is a word or expression which is used in place of a less acceptable synonym. For example, "restroom" instead of "toilet". In the case of a mock swear word like ''dang'' or ''gosh'' (replacing ''damn'' and ''God'', respectively), the new words don't actually mean the same thing as the ones they replace. [[User:Eoinc|Eoinc]] 20:23, 10 June 2008 (EDT)
:Agreed but I can't, for the life of me, think of the right term. "Mock swear words" sounds a bit clunky to me and doesn't speak of the connection between the "real" and the "fake". "Naff" is a true "mock swear word" having been made up anew for a TV comedy about prisons (the characters had to swear all the time because it was set in prison, but couldn't because it was on TV). But "dang" and "gosh" actually ''derive'' from "damn" and "God". If you can think of anything, there are two usages of "euphamism" (one from me) just waiting for the right term!--[[User:Toffeeman|Toffeeman]] 17:23, 31 August 2008 (EDT)
::I would consider these euphemisms. They don't have the same literal meaning as the words they replace, but they have the same function (e.g. expressing surprise, annoyance, used for emphasis, etc.) so they mean the same thing in the context in which they are used. [[User:Sideways|Sideways]] 17:30, 31 August 2008 (EDT)
:::"Frap"??? Isn't that a kind of milkshake? [[User:Sideways|Sideways]] 17:36, 31 August 2008 (EDT)
::::A chilled coffee milkshake. Being a strict Macchiatto/Espresso man I shudder at the mere mention of it. --[[User:Toffeeman|Toffeeman]] 17:39, 31 August 2008 (EDT)
:Am I sure? yeah. Most "soft" curse words actually become soft because 200 years ago they were teh F-you of their time. Dang, Fop, Bugger, arse, (gosh, i don't know about, admittedly) were found in 12th century writing and were the equivalent of today's "you said WHAT" words). But take it out if you wish. --[[User:MHayes|MHayes]] 18:05, 31 August 2008 (EDT)

Vocabulary

2008-08-31T22:00:46Z

MHayes: New page: '''Vocabulary''' is a list or collections of words as in the words used by a person, a language, or a group. Conservaedia focuses encyclopedic entries for high school students, therefore ...

'''Vocabulary''' is a list or collections of words as in the words used by a person, a language, or a group. Conservaedia focuses encyclopedic entries for high school students, therefore it uses an appropriate "vocabulary" of words students would know.

All languages have vocabularies that are in constant flux. Words come and go in the language even if they are not formally recognized by any group. Some organizations or fields of study, like the legal field for example, have specialized vocabulary that the population at large is not generally expected to know.

American English is said to have over well over 500,000 words.
The average English adult is said to have roughly 30,000 words in their active vocabulary.
The average High school student vocabulary is roughly 10,000 words
The SAT tests for approximately 45,000 words.

Profanity

2008-08-31T21:48:52Z

MHayes:

'''Profanity''', also known as '''bad language''', '''swearing''', '''cursing''', or '''cussing''', is the usage of [[word]]s which are considered to be offensive or abusive. Its use is taboo in polite or formal environments, and more commonly accepted in informal contexts. Profanity is particularly common in traditionally masculine settings. The word "profanity" comes from the word "profane", which means that which is not sacred.

Profane words tend to involve certain near-universal subjects: filth, particularly human waste; forbidden sexual practices; and [[blasphemy|blasphemous]] treatment of the sacred. However, it is the words themselves, and not the concepts they represent, which cause offense, as there are numerous words to signify any taboo subject, with varying levels of acceptability. Among profane words, there exist at least two levels of offensiveness. There are also, in many languages including English, euphemisms such as ''darn'', ''drat'', ''gosh'', ''frap'' and so on (which are often simply words that were once strongly profane but have lost thier meaning over hundreds of years).

Over time, the perceived offensiveness of some expressions has changed. Up to the twentieth century the most offensive terms were religious. Many exclamations we find completely innoffensive are euphemistic renditions of blasphemy. The twentieth century saw a shift to sexual terms as the most offensive. Recently racial terms have grown in their offensiveness (the "N" word was commonplace and acceptible before the twentieth century, it is now too offensive even for use in male-only settings).{{fact}}

[[Category:Language]]

Talk:Essay:Best Concepts to Teach Teenagers

2008-08-31T17:22:36Z

MHayes:

4 and 5 are too vague to be helpful. They are not concepts or principles, and I suggest replacing them.--[[User:Aschlafly|Aschlafly]] 12:57, 31 August 2008 (EDT)
:As a teacher I would disagree. Perhaps they are not worded well, but teaching teens how to make decisions, and how to evalulate information in this world is critical to their becoming successful and moral adults. This site is a perfect example. Why is the information on this site valuable? We state that Wiki is biased, but how do we teach teens to figure that out for themselves? How do we teach teens the tools to say "ah, sex is not for me", rather than just parrot us. When teens parrot, they only know the answers to the question we provided. But when we teach them how to look at evidence with a critical eye, and say "fine so science says X, but how do we know it is true or not" - we do our kids in our schools a disservice. Critical thinking seems to be core here. So teaching that skill is far more important than just teaching what you or I or some other adult has found using "critical thinking". That's my 02 cents, anyhow. Michelle. --[[User:MHayes|MHayes]] 13:02, 31 August 2008 (EDT)
::Six is WONDERFUL. Something I wish I were more aware of as I watch my "babies" turn 9 and 6. gak!--[[User:MHayes|MHayes]] 13:22, 31 August 2008 (EDT)

Warrior

2008-08-31T17:21:26Z

MHayes: New page: A '''warrior''' in the most simplest of terms, is someone who fights, more specifically fights in a war. Generally, warriors fight for something they believe in with strong conviction, th...

A '''warrior''' in the most simplest of terms, is someone who fights, more specifically fights in a war. Generally, warriors fight for something they believe in with strong conviction, though a few cases throughout history are found of mercenary warriors for hire.

A warrior may fight phiscally, like an army soldier, a 17th century American Indian protecting his home, or the famous Japanese Samauri. But a warrior may also fight with words, like an impassioned journalist or blogger, or may fight with spirit.

Christianity has long recognized the importance of being a warrior: "Christian soldiers marching off to war, with the cross of Jesus going on before..." and Warriors of God.

==See also==
[[Soldier]]

North American Indians

2008-08-31T17:06:25Z

MHayes: /* Social Issues */

'''North American Indians''' (also '''Native Americans''') are the original inhabitants of the Americas. The Native Americans of North America are typically considered to be all those tribes north of Central Mexico. While technically part of North America, most archaeologists tend to place the civilizations of Central Mexico into a separate category.<ref>Swidler, Nina, Dongoske, Roger. 1997. ''Native Americans and Archaeologists: Stepping Stones to Common Ground.'' Walnut Creek: AltaMira Press.</ref> Tribes in North America maintained a wide variety of [[subsistence pattern]]s, from hunting and gathering, to intensive agriculture. North America is also home to two of the most unusual groups of hunter-gatherers, the Northwest Coast tribes, and the Aleuts. The first Native Americans are believed to have migrated from Asia via the [[Bering land bridge]], the exposed continental shelf between Asia and N. America during the last Ice Age. There are also those that subscribe to a similar migration by sea that followed the ancient coastline from Asia around the Bering land mass. A small group of researchers claim to have uncovered evidence of possible migration from Europe during the same time period, but the evidence is still heavily contested.

While the American Indian population once numbered over 100 million, over 90% were killed by [[smallpox|European diseases]] augmented by changes in the natural habitat caused by the new arrivals.<ref>[http://www.powersource.com/cocinc/history/trail.htm Trail of Tears]</ref>

== Culture Areas of North America ==

American Indians of North America are generally divided into culture areas according to similarities in geography, environment, subsistence patterns, language family, and similar social practices. According to the ''Handbook of North American Indians'', there are ten such cultural areas.<ref>Washburn, Wilcomb E. 1998. ''Handbook Of North American Indians, Vol. 4, History of Indian-White Relations.'' Washington: Smithsonian Institute.</ref>
;Arctic
:Greenland, extreme northern Canada, and the northern and western coastlines of Alaska.
;Subarctic
:Most of central Canada and interior Alaska.
;Northeast
:New England, Nova Scotia, the Great Lakes region, the Chesapeake Bay area, and most of current day W. Virginia, the Ohio River valley, and Illinois.
;Southeast
:N. Carolina excluding the NE corner, western Virginia, southern W. Virginia, and all the southern states east of the Mississippi River, in addition to parts of Arkansas, Louisiana, and eastern Texas.
;Plains
:the entire Midwest United States from Texas north to southern parts of Canada.
;Southwest
:Central Mexico north into W. Texas, NM, and AZ.
;Great Basin
:Nevada, Utah, N. Arizona, W. Colorado, W. Wyoming, S. Idaho, SE Oregon, and parts of W. California.
;California
:Interior and Coastal California and N. Baja.
;Northwest Coast
:N. California to S. Alaska along 1500 miles of coastline.
;Plateau
:Parts of Oregon, Washington, N. Idaho, W. Montana, and SW Canada.

== Today ==

Today, many Indian tribes are seeing a resurgence, such as in [[California]], through laws that give them special privileges in allowing [[gambling]] in the form of slot machines and other gaming, through outreach programs to reunite urban Indians with both their reservation families and other urban tribal members; programs set up both by the tribe themselves (often with assistance of state and local governments) to teach their languages and open schools that focus on a tribal way of life. Most tribes have been granted some limited power in self governance as well, significantly in the area of the sentencing of tribal members in various criminal and civil issues. Special tax breaks have helped Indian people and Indian reservations become more self-sufficient. Some states have even revisited the definition of 'reservation' based on teh Dawes Act which originally provided for substantially more "reservation" land if the Indian people would buy it as individual land, and either market it or farm it (the intent was to help Indian Peoples integrate into the American social and economic systems). SFor instance in [[Wisconsin]], Indian reservation land can include buying real estate in [[Milwaukee]] - far from the physical location of the tribes themselves.

Self governance is a huge issue, with each of the over 300 recognized tribes having different rules and regulations placed on them by the Government. As with every other political system in the world, Indian People disagree with each other about many issues from how to spend government money to how "traditional" to become, to what religion should be the focal point of the tribe.

Such issues even impact the non-indian government system as well. Consider the [[South Dakota]] elections of 2002 where [[John Thune]] was ahead in the senate race after all votes were counted except for the reservations. With Thune's margin known, incredibly, the results given by the reservation showed that almost all of the reservation inhabitants voted and voted overwhelmingly for his opponent who won by 500 votes. Thune ran again in 2004 and again was ahead by a similar margin, but this time the Indian reservations didn't vote the same after monitors were installed to watch the proceedings. Thune won.

Other issues remain between recognized Sovereign Nations and the US government including mineral right issues, natural resource husbandry and mediation, conflicts with government run museums (as well as a few private museums) over who has the right to various artifacts, what rights modern Indian peoples should and should not have when dealing with artifacts that are clearly earlier than the oldest known existence of any particular tribe (for example, who has rights to archaeological finds at mesa verde, which is not navajo nor pueble, but are a now-extinct tribe, Anisazii).

==Social Issues==
When the American Indian Peoples were rounded up onto reservations, the sudden dependence on the government created situations that are often associated with welfare situations. Both because of biology (Indian people like many Asian people do not break down alcohol the same way Europeans do) and the lack of being a "bread winner" that men throughout history find critical to identity as head of the family, alcohol and drug abuse are very common both among reservation and urban Indians today. <ref>12% of Indian deaths are related to alcohol, several times the national average. http://www.foxnews.com/wires/2008Aug28/0,4670,IndianDeathsAlcohol,00.html</ref> A strong rise in child and spousal abuse occurred after the "welfare state" like existence for the men came into being. Without the need to provide for the family, depression sets in, and is a common problem on the reservation.

Conflicts between "traditionalists" and "modernists", between "Christian Indians" and "tribal religion" Indians, between urban Indians and reservation Indians, and "full bloods" and "mixed bloods" are common among Indian people and effect their politics and social life. In the 1980's, Indian reservations began to see a rise in gangs, often as a result of drugs and drug wars with other social cultures in large cities.

Yet at the same time, Indian People have a proud heritage and find strength there to renew their cultures. They are, as a people, generally both proud to be American and (since World War I), proud soldiers for this country. At any Indian gathering, the first people onto the dance floor, or introduced politically, or recognized for contributions to the tribe are the elder male veterans, then the elder women (non veterans), the all other veterans, and only then people who have not served in the US military.

Indian People have many problems to solve, but new social services, generally run and funded by the tribes themselves, along with new recognition of Indian People's contributions to society are ways that tribes and individuals are trying to change things.

== References ==
<references/>

==See Also==

* [[American Indian]]
* [[Native American]]
* [[Trail of Tears]]
* [[Jamestown Massacre]]

[[category:ethnicities]]
[[category:Native Americans]]

Talk:Essay:Best Concepts to Teach Teenagers

2008-08-31T17:02:02Z

MHayes:

User talk:UnicornTapestry

2008-08-31T16:58:18Z

MHayes: /* Notice of name needed */

== Notice of name needed ==

Your user name is silly. We need a real first name and last initial for your edits. Don't create a new account, but provide your real first name and last initial for switching your account.--[[User:Aschlafly|Aschlafly]] 17:20, 30 August 2008 (EDT)

You haven't responded, despite my temporary block and notice here. You seem to have an ax to grind against the Scientologists, and inserted dated allegations. Don't edit here for such a non-educational purpose. Thanks and Godspeed.--[[User:Aschlafly|Aschlafly]] 17:20, 30 August 2008 (EDT)

:You are correct about Scientologists, although I wouldn't have couched it that way. The damage done is a personal issue with me, and I considered the updates historical rather than dated. I'd appreciate if you clarified about non-educational purpose. I'm been researching their Operation Snow WHite, but if you'd rather not have it, I don't need to pursue it.

:I don't like airing things in public. Feel free to contact me via eMail.

:kind regards, --[[User:UnicornTapestry|UnicornTapestry]] 01:38, 31 August 2008 (EDT)

::Conservapedia is not the place to grind an ax, not matter how justified your complaints may be. Conservapedia is a place to learn, teach and grow, and rise above whatever may be weighting us down.--[[User:Aschlafly|Aschlafly]] 12:00, 31 August 2008 (EDT)

==email==
I'm not too up on wikis. how do you find an email? Michelle--[[User:MHayes|MHayes]] 11:50, 31 August 2008 (EDT)

Essay:Best Concepts to Teach Teenagers

2008-08-31T16:56:55Z

MHayes:

Suppose you had just five new principles to teach a teenager. Which would you teach?

Here are some suggestions:

#[[opportunity cost]] (e.g., watching television is expensive)
#values have long-term personal consequences (e.g., [[Hollywood Values]])
#[[deceit]] exists far more than you expect
#how to evaluate options and information to make informed decisions
#(and on that line) how to evaluate the information itself (what is the source? is there an agenda? what is the stated (honest and open), or underlying (not stated but honest), or deciteful purpose of the agenda (for example, even here at CP we have an openly stated agenda, but why do we have that agenda and what does it bring and/or balance with other people/site's agendas?)
#<more>

[[Category:Essays]]

Essay:Best Concepts to Teach Teenagers

2008-08-31T16:56:02Z

MHayes:

Suppose you had just five new principles to teach a teenager. Which would you teach?

Here are some suggestions:

#[[opportunity cost]] (e.g., watching television is expensive)
#values have long-term personal consequences (e.g., [[Hollywood Values]])
#[[deceit]] exists far more than you expect
#how to evaluate options and information to make informed decisions
#(and on that line) how to evaluate the information itself (what is the source? is there an agenda? what is the stated purpose of the agenda(for example, even here at CP we have an openly stated agenda, but why do we have that agenda and what does it bring and/or balance with other people/site's agendas?)
#<more>

[[Category:Essays]]

Proper noun

2008-08-31T16:25:51Z

MHayes:

A '''proper noun''' is the noun that is the name of a specific person, place, or thing. In [[English]], they are normally always capitalized.

Examples:
*"man" is not a proper noun, but "Philo Drummond" is.
*"town" is not proper, but "Jonestown" is.
*"sword" is non-proper, but "Excalibur" is proper.

*The only real god is God*.

[[Category:Grammar]]

North American Indians

2008-08-31T16:23:22Z

MHayes:

'''North American Indians''' (also '''Native Americans''') are the original inhabitants of the Americas. The Native Americans of North America are typically considered to be all those tribes north of Central Mexico. While technically part of North America, most archaeologists tend to place the civilizations of Central Mexico into a separate category.<ref>Swidler, Nina, Dongoske, Roger. 1997. ''Native Americans and Archaeologists: Stepping Stones to Common Ground.'' Walnut Creek: AltaMira Press.</ref> Tribes in North America maintained a wide variety of [[subsistence pattern]]s, from hunting and gathering, to intensive agriculture. North America is also home to two of the most unusual groups of hunter-gatherers, the Northwest Coast tribes, and the Aleuts. The first Native Americans are believed to have migrated from Asia via the [[Bering land bridge]], the exposed continental shelf between Asia and N. America during the last Ice Age. There are also those that subscribe to a similar migration by sea that followed the ancient coastline from Asia around the Bering land mass. A small group of researchers claim to have uncovered evidence of possible migration from Europe during the same time period, but the evidence is still heavily contested.

While the American Indian population once numbered over 100 million, over 90% were killed by [[smallpox|European diseases]] augmented by changes in the natural habitat caused by the new arrivals.<ref>[http://www.powersource.com/cocinc/history/trail.htm Trail of Tears]</ref>

== Culture Areas of North America ==

American Indians of North America are generally divided into culture areas according to similarities in geography, environment, subsistence patterns, language family, and similar social practices. According to the ''Handbook of North American Indians'', there are ten such cultural areas.<ref>Washburn, Wilcomb E. 1998. ''Handbook Of North American Indians, Vol. 4, History of Indian-White Relations.'' Washington: Smithsonian Institute.</ref>
;Arctic
:Greenland, extreme northern Canada, and the northern and western coastlines of Alaska.
;Subarctic
:Most of central Canada and interior Alaska.
;Northeast
:New England, Nova Scotia, the Great Lakes region, the Chesapeake Bay area, and most of current day W. Virginia, the Ohio River valley, and Illinois.
;Southeast
:N. Carolina excluding the NE corner, western Virginia, southern W. Virginia, and all the southern states east of the Mississippi River, in addition to parts of Arkansas, Louisiana, and eastern Texas.
;Plains
:the entire Midwest United States from Texas north to southern parts of Canada.
;Southwest
:Central Mexico north into W. Texas, NM, and AZ.
;Great Basin
:Nevada, Utah, N. Arizona, W. Colorado, W. Wyoming, S. Idaho, SE Oregon, and parts of W. California.
;California
:Interior and Coastal California and N. Baja.
;Northwest Coast
:N. California to S. Alaska along 1500 miles of coastline.
;Plateau
:Parts of Oregon, Washington, N. Idaho, W. Montana, and SW Canada.

== Today ==

Today, many Indian tribes are seeing a resurgence, such as in [[California]], through laws that give them special privileges in allowing [[gambling]] in the form of slot machines and other gaming, through outreach programs to reunite urban Indians with both their reservation families and other urban tribal members; programs set up both by the tribe themselves (often with assistance of state and local governments) to teach their languages and open schools that focus on a tribal way of life. Most tribes have been granted some limited power in self governance as well, significantly in the area of the sentencing of tribal members in various criminal and civil issues. Special tax breaks have helped Indian people and Indian reservations become more self-sufficient. Some states have even revisited the definition of 'reservation' based on teh Dawes Act which originally provided for substantially more "reservation" land if the Indian people would buy it as individual land, and either market it or farm it (the intent was to help Indian Peoples integrate into the American social and economic systems). SFor instance in [[Wisconsin]], Indian reservation land can include buying real estate in [[Milwaukee]] - far from the physical location of the tribes themselves.

Self governance is a huge issue, with each of the over 300 recognized tribes having different rules and regulations placed on them by the Government. As with every other political system in the world, Indian People disagree with each other about many issues from how to spend government money to how "traditional" to become, to what religion should be the focal point of the tribe.

Such issues even impact the non-indian government system as well. Consider the [[South Dakota]] elections of 2002 where [[John Thune]] was ahead in the senate race after all votes were counted except for the reservations. With Thune's margin known, incredibly, the results given by the reservation showed that almost all of the reservation inhabitants voted and voted overwhelmingly for his opponent who won by 500 votes. Thune ran again in 2004 and again was ahead by a similar margin, but this time the Indian reservations didn't vote the same after monitors were installed to watch the proceedings. Thune won.

Other issues remain between recognized Sovereign Nations and the US government including mineral right issues, natural resource husbandry and mediation, conflicts with government run museums (as well as a few private museums) over who has the right to various artifacts, what rights modern Indian peoples should and should not have when dealing with artifacts that are clearly earlier than the oldest known existence of any particular tribe (for example, who has rights to archaeological finds at mesa verde, which is not navajo nor pueble, but are a now-extinct tribe, Anisazii).

==Social Issues==
When the American Indian Peoples were rounded up onto reservations, the sudden dependence on the government created situations that are often associated with welfare situations. Both because of biology (Indian people like many Asian people do not break down alcohol the same way Europeans do) and the lack of being a "bread winner" that men throughout history find critical to identity as head of the family, alcohol and drug abuse are very common both among reservation and urban Indians today. <ref>12% of Indian deaths are related to alcohol, several times the national average. http://www.foxnews.com/wires/2008Aug28/0,4670,IndianDeathsAlcohol,00.html</ref> A strong rise in child and spousal abuse occurred after the "welfare state" like existence for the men came into being. Without the need to provide for the family, depression sets in, and is a common problem on the reservation.

Conflicts between "traditionalists" and "modernists", between "Christian Indians" and "tribal religion" Indians, between urban Indians and reservation Indians, and "full bloods" and "mixed bloods" are common among Indian people and effect their politics and social life. In the 1980's, Indian reservations began to see a rise in gangs, often as a result of drugs and drug wars with other social cultures in large cities.

Yet at the same time, Indian People have a proud heritage and find strength there to renew their cultures. They are, as a people, generally both proud to be American and have been since World War I, proud soldiers for this country. At any Indian gathering, the first people onto the dance floor, or introduced politically, or recognized for contributions to the tribe are the elder male veterans, then the elder women (non veterans), the all other veterans, and only then people who have not served in the US military.

Indian People have many problems to solve, but new social services, generally run and funded by the tribes themselves, along with new recognition of Indian Peoples contributions to society are ways that tribes and individuals are trying to change things.

== References ==
<references/>

==See Also==

* [[American Indian]]
* [[Native American]]
* [[Trail of Tears]]
* [[Jamestown Massacre]]

[[category:ethnicities]]
[[category:Native Americans]]

Kissing

2008-08-31T15:54:31Z

MHayes:

'''Kissing''' is the action of pressing one's [[lips]] against something or someone as a sign of affection.

The meaning of a kiss can vary considerably. In many cultures kissing on the mouth is a private and intimate expression of love and desire by courting or married couples. Kissing somebody on the cheek or forehead is a sign of affection, for example between family members. In some formal settings, gentlemen are expected to kiss the hand of a lady when introduced. Kissing a ring on the hand of a bishop or royal is a sign of respect or devotion. There is a longstanding [[Roman Catholic]] tradition of kissing the [[Pope]]'s ring in this way.

People sometimes kiss inanimate objects such as their own possessions as an eccentric display of affection or gratitude to them. Prostrating oneself and kissing the ground can be an expression of relief shown by those returning to their homeland after a long absence. Pope [[John Paul II]] was noted for kissing the ground on arrival at various airports on his Papal visits.

Kissing has been practiced throughout human history, in virtually all cultures of the world. Humans are believed to be the only creatures that kiss, although mouth contact is observed among the courtship rituals of some mammals and birds, including pigeons.

Kissing people of the same sex is often considered socially inappropriate, and sometimes even considered [[taboo]] because of its association with [[homosexuality]]. However, in many cultures, including France, Italy, Russia, Egypt and some other countries, it is common to greet friends of either sex with a kiss - usually on the cheek - as a sign of platonic friendship. This was also customary in Biblical times, when [[Judas Iscariot]] used a kiss as the signal to have [[Jesus]] arrested.

[[Category:Culture]]
[[Category:Family]]
[[Category:Sexuality]]

User talk:UnicornTapestry

2008-08-31T15:50:52Z

MHayes: /* Notice of name needed */

== Notice of name needed ==

Your user name is silly. We need a real first name and last initial for your edits. Don't create a new account, but provide your real first name and last initial for switching your account.--[[User:Aschlafly|Aschlafly]] 17:20, 30 August 2008 (EDT)

You haven't responded, despite my temporary block and notice here. You seem to have an ax to grind against the Scientologists, and inserted dated allegations. Don't edit here for such a non-educational purpose. Thanks and Godspeed.--[[User:Aschlafly|Aschlafly]] 17:20, 30 August 2008 (EDT)

:You are correct about Scientologists, although I wouldn't have couched it that way. The damage done is a personal issue with me, and I considered the updates historical rather than dated. I'd appreciate if you clarified about non-educational purpose. I'm been researching their Operation Snow WHite, but if you'd rather not have it, I don't need to pursue it.

:I don't like airing things in public. Feel free to contact me via eMail.

:kind regards, --[[User:UnicornTapestry|UnicornTapestry]] 01:38, 31 August 2008 (EDT)
::I'm not too up on wikis. how do you find an email? Michelle--[[User:MHayes|MHayes]] 11:50, 31 August 2008 (EDT)

Fringe benefit

2008-08-30T20:42:06Z

MHayes:

A '''fringe benefit''' is a form of pay for the performance of services, in addition to a persons base pay.

A fringe benefit is any non-wage payment or benefit (e.g., [[pension]] plans, profit-sharing programs, vacation pay, and company-paid life, health, and unemployment [[insurance]] programs) granted to employees by employers. They may be required by law, granted unilaterally by employers, or obtained through collective bargaining. Employers' payments for fringe benefits are included in employee-compensation packages.

Fringe benefits constitute a higher proportion of total employee compensation in [[Europe]] than in the [[United States]]. In Europe they are often the result of [[legislation]]; in the United States collective bargaining has been more important in gaining such benefits. The prevalence of fringe-benefit programs increased sharply during [[World War II]] because controls on this type of compensation were less stringent than controls on wages.

== References ==

*http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9035448/fringe-benefit
*http://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-pdf/p15b.pdf
*http://www.hoover.org/publications/ednext/3347981.html

[[category:economics]]

Talk:Kissing

2008-08-30T20:29:43Z

MHayes: /* Comments */

Can this be unlocked? The administrator who locked it seems to be inactive now(?). I just started composing an article for this without realising there was a lock against creation. I assume the block was because of the sexual aspect of kissing. However, there are many facets to the subject, so I don't think it's helpful to just keep it blank. [[User:Sideways|Sideways]] 19:32, 28 August 2008 (EDT)

:You can paste your article text below. If an admin likes it, he'll move it to the article page. --[[User:Ed Poor|Ed Poor]] [[User talk:Ed Poor|Talk]] 19:50, 28 August 2008 (EDT)
::"What facets?" Well, kissing babies, for one. Both by politicians and their close relatives. [[User:Human|Human]] 20:07, 28 August 2008 (EDT)

== Proposed text ==

'''Kissing''' is the action of pressing one's [[lips]] against something or someone as a sign of affection.

The meaning of a kiss can vary considerably. Kissing on the mouth is a private and intimate expression of love and desire by courting or married couples. Kissing somebody on the cheek or forehead is a sign of affection, for example between family members. In some formal settings, gentlemen are expected to kiss the hand of a lady when introduced. Kissing a ring on the hand of a bishop or royal is a sign of respect or devotion. There is a longstanding [[Roman Catholic]] tradition of kissing the [[Pope]]'s ring in this way.

People sometimes kiss inanimate objects such as their own possessions as an eccentric display of affection or gratitude to them. Prostrating oneself and kissing the ground can be an expression of relief shown by those returning to their homeland after a long absence. Pope [[John Paul II]] was noted for kissing the ground on arrival at various airports on his Papal visits.

Kissing has been practiced throughout human history, in virtually all cultures of the world. Humans are believed to be the only creatures that kiss, although mouth contact is observed among the courtship rituals of some mammals and birds, including pigeons.

Kissing people of the same sex is [[taboo]] in many cultures because of its association with [[homosexuality]]. However, in some European countries, including France and Italy, it is common to greet friends of either sex with a kiss on the cheek as a sign of platonic friendship. This was also customary in Biblical times, when [[Judas Iscariot]] used a kiss as the signal to have [[Jesus]] arrested.

[[User:Sideways|Sideways]] 20:20, 28 August 2008 (EDT)

==Comments==

:Wow, nice succinct overview! One minor quibble - using the phrase "lovers and married couples". Can you think of a way around the word "lovers"? I'm trying to come up with one, but the best I have so far is the horribly clumsy "pre-married"! Oh, and re: "object kissing", would it be worth mentioning the Godfather thing of kissing his ring? And don't people kiss the Pope's ring as a token of respect? And lastly... is not prostrating oneself and kissing the ground of one's homeland a common expression of those who have been under forced absence for a time? [[User:Human|Human]] 20:27, 28 August 2008 (EDT)

::Thank you. I've tweaked it slightly - see above. Make any further changes you think would improve it. Let's hope it gets copied to the article page. [[User:Sideways|Sideways]] 20:57, 28 August 2008 (EDT)

The pretense that it's never erotic is an obstacle for inclusion.

So is the insinuation that there's an irrational taboo about men, which seems to justify homosexuality. Please write about something else. --[[User:Ed Poor|Ed Poor]] [[User talk:Ed Poor|Talk]] 05:35, 29 August 2008 (EDT)

:I have not pretended that kissing is never erotic. See first paragraph: "Kissing on the mouth is a private and intimate expression of love and ''desire'' by courting or married couples". Change this to "sexual desire" or "erotic desire" if you think that it really needs to be spelled out. I could certainly write more on the subject of kissing as erotic, but witheld from doing so on the basis that this is intended to be a family-friendly encyclopedia.

:I have endeavoured to discuss that kissing is not ''always'' erotic. This ties in with the subject of same-sex kissing. I have stated that this can be homosexual, and is taboo in many societies because of this. Most people would agree that this is true and this taboo does exist. I have made no comment or insinuation whether this is rational or irrational.

:I have mentioned that kissing (including same-sex kissing) is common in some cultures (both contemporary and historical) as a platonic sign of friendship, blessing or respect. This is also indisputably true, and I think that it should be mentioned. Whatever our opinions on same-sex kissing within our own society, we must recognise that it has not ''always'' necessarily been sexual, in order not to misinterpret biblical passages or historical accounts which relate to one man kissing another in a non-sexual context. [[User:Sideways|Sideways]] 09:02, 29 August 2008 (EDT)

Forget same-sex, ''family members'' kiss each other (usually on the cheek, but sometimes more) just for hello/goodbye. Ed's right, kissing is usually erotic, so I can definitely understand if the majority of kissing would be non-family-friendly, but non-erotic kissing (especially on the cheek) isn't uncommon. --[[User:Interiot|Interiot]] 13:03, 29 August 2008 (EDT)
:I dunno about the "usually" thing. Not to get too graphic, but the dividing line might be open vs. closed mouth kissing - it's easy enough for this article to be about the former. [[User:Human|Human]] 20:13, 29 August 2008 (EDT)

It looks like a pretty good overview to me. Neither do I see a "pretense that it's never erotic"; rather, the topic has been addressed in a family-friendly way. And there's no justification of homosexuality in the proposal, although I'm not sure that the "taboo" against blokes kissing on the lips is solely due to homosexual connotations. I support making this the article. [[User:Philip J. Rayment|Philip J. Rayment]] 01:19, 30 August 2008 (EDT)
:What he said. [[User:DLerner|DLerner]] 08:05, 30 August 2008 (EDT)
::I agree. I like it. Well-rounded, comprehensive yet succinct, famiily-friendly. Nicely done. --[[User:Hsmom|Hsmom]] 13:42, 30 August 2008 (EDT)
==cultural context==
While i know this is for Americans, it would be apprpriate to add words like "In the United states, kissing on the lips means..." Russian men kiss on the lips and are not homosexual. Islamic men (from some countries, forgive me for not knowing which) kiss on the lips or cheeks. I'd hate to think some 16 year old assumes the president of Russia or President Bush are gay because they kissed eachother. (not that I think this has ever happened, but...)--[[User:MHayes|MHayes]] 16:29, 30 August 2008 (EDT)

Pronoun

2008-08-30T20:04:10Z

MHayes: /* Formal and Informal You */

A '''pronoun''' is a word that substitutes for a [[noun]]. For example, in the sentence "Speak not in the ears of a fool: for he will despise the wisdom of thy words" (Proverbs 23:9 KJV), the word "he" is a pronoun that stands in for the word "fool," which is a noun, "thy" is an arcahic pronoun for "the listener" (or "you" in modern English). Pronouns also include "it" "that" "those", and the possessives "his, her, their".

<ref>[http://grammar.uoregon.edu/pronouns/pronouns.html The Tongue Untied: Pronouns]</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!colspan="3" width="25%"|Basic Pronoun Forms (Nominative [[Grammatical case|Case]])
|-
!Form!!Singular!!Plural
|-
!1st Person
|I
|We
|-
!2nd Person
|You
|You
|-
!3rd Person
|He, she, it
|They
|}

==Formal and Informal You==
Many languages, including English (though they are now found only in texts like the King James Bible and Shakespere) have formal and informal 2nd person pronoun (you). This is often refered to as "Tu/Vous" which is the French formal and informal forms of you. Since many people read the King James Bible, and since language can simply be fun, here are the "tu/vous" forms for twelfth century English.
*Informal form of "you" = thou (I) thee (me) thy/thine[1](my or mine).
*Formal form of "you" = You (I) you (me) your/yours (my or mine).

It is interesting to note that early writers of English addressed God informally, which I think is important in understanding our relationship with our Father.

==References==
<references/>

==External Links==
*[http://www.grammarbook.com/grammar/pronoun.asp Pronouns] and [http://www.grammarbook.com/grammar_quiz/pronouns_1.asp Pronouns Quiz]

[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Parts of Speech]]

Pronoun

2008-08-30T20:03:22Z

MHayes:

A '''pronoun''' is a word that substitutes for a [[noun]]. For example, in the sentence "Speak not in the ears of a fool: for he will despise the wisdom of thy words" (Proverbs 23:9 KJV), the word "he" is a pronoun that stands in for the word "fool," which is a noun, "thy" is an arcahic pronoun for "the listener" (or "you" in modern English). Pronouns also include "it" "that" "those", and the possessives "his, her, their".

<ref>[http://grammar.uoregon.edu/pronouns/pronouns.html The Tongue Untied: Pronouns]</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!colspan="3" width="25%"|Basic Pronoun Forms (Nominative [[Grammatical case|Case]])
|-
!Form!!Singular!!Plural
|-
!1st Person
|I
|We
|-
!2nd Person
|You
|You
|-
!3rd Person
|He, she, it
|They
|}

==Formal and Informal You==
Many languages, including English (though they are now found only in texts like the King James Bible and Shakespere) have formal and informal 2nd person pronoun (you). This is often refered to as "Tu/Vous" which is the French formal and informal forms of you. Since many people read the King James Bible, and since language can simply be fun, here are the "tu/vous" forms for twelfth century English.
Informal form of "you" = thou (I) thee (me) thy/thine[1](my or mine).
Formal form of "you" = You (I) you (me) your/yours (my or mine).

It is interesting to note that early writers of English addressed God informally, which I think is important in understanding our relationship with our Father.

==References==
<references/>

==External Links==
*[http://www.grammarbook.com/grammar/pronoun.asp Pronouns] and [http://www.grammarbook.com/grammar_quiz/pronouns_1.asp Pronouns Quiz]

[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Parts of Speech]]

Talk:Sarah Palin

2008-08-30T19:45:15Z

MHayes: /* Her other son, Trig. */

== Sexist ==

Don't consider me sexist but... she at least looks a woman. Not like that Hillary who'd grow moustaches if she could. --[[User:AdamE|AdamE]] 11:24, 29 August 2008 (EDT)

:Maybe not sexist but decidedly un-gallant and not a little silly. Hilary Clinton looks every inch a woman. If she looks less attractive than Sarah Palin that might just have something to do with the age difference: on the same basis I'd be much more worried if Obama was after my wife than if McCain were! C'mon, if attractivness was relevant you'd be lining up to vote Obama in. --[[User:Toffeeman|Toffeeman]] 11:30, 29 August 2008 (EDT)

::Un-gallant and cynical. --[[User:UnicornTapestry|UnicornTapestry]] 15:41, 30 August 2008 (EDT)

== Her other son, Trig. ==

Should such a private and personal happening as that of her second son be brought to the general public? On one hand, it is only her and her family's matter, but on the other hand it shows that her acts are as honorable as her words. At least I was dubious on her at first, but reading more and more on her I am convinced that she is the Vice President America and the world need. I'm sure even liberals aknowledge her courage and that she did the right thing with Trig. But I leave it to those more knowledgeable to include such familiar matters or not in the article. [[User:SilvioB|SilvioB]] 15:17, 29 August 2008 (EDT)
: For what it's worth I think it should be mentioned, not because it's an invasion of her family's privacy, but because it says something important and positive about her character. She had stated publicly that she and her husband knew of the condition during the pregnancy, and chose not to abort it because of their values. That's a defining statement about her living the values she talks about, and one of the reasons I respect her as a person. --[[User:DinsdaleP|DinsdaleP]] 15:34, 29 August 2008 (EDT)

Please feel free to include that information. [[User:Learn together|Learn together]] 15:47, 29 August 2008 (EDT)
:Done --[[User:DinsdaleP|DinsdaleP]] 16:22, 29 August 2008 (EDT)

::Much of that information is in public release and has been reported in interviews in People and Vogue. I added a couple of comments she made, plus information about her son in the military.

::--[[User:UnicornTapestry|UnicornTapestry]] 21:50, 29 August 2008 (EDT)
:::The one of the rare times I will make a display of my personal opinions on here. I find this woman to be hypocritical and in fact somewhat repulsive as a mother. I am all for women's rights, adn all for women having a career, but she has a SIX MONTH OLD SON, and is about to go on a campaign trail. The only possible way she can manage a campaign trail is if someone else raises her son. And a special needs son as well. I am heart sick that this woman would put her career before her child. Men are expected to do this, but women are the core of our children's lives. We are central to who they become. Especially for the first 5 years of their life. Work before you have a kid, expand your career after your child is back in school. But the 5 most important years of a child's development are before he or she starts socializing, and this woman is willing to be an American vice president which will keep her on the road over 200 days a year, if you go by averages of other VPs, and often in countries where it's not only "discouraged" to take a child, but out right dangerous. Vietnam and Korea - if you are there to represent the US. Venezuela. Cuba. Georgia. China. not places to be taking a child. I am disheartened, as I said. This is not a good role model for how to be a women in teh US finding a career - when the career comes before your own family. AGain, rarely will you see me make a statement like this, cause I'm not normally into challenges. but this woman makes me so sad for her child, and as a mother, as a woman who believes that a Christian woman (and any woman, frankly) should put her infants first... it is just sad. Would it have killed her to wait 5 years before being in such demanding political positions?--[[User:MHayes|MHayes]] Michelle13:58, 30 August 2008 (EDT)

::::Wow, that's heartfelt and does give one pause. I have to confess I didn't put the numbers (dates) together. Thanks for making me think a little more about this.
::::--[[User:UnicornTapestry|UnicornTapestry]] 15:37, 30 August 2008 (EDT)
::::: Thanks. I get argumentative on topics about things like linguistics, and what languages are related to what languages (what I'm pursuing for my graduate degree). But i rarely butt into political comments. maybe I should. maybe not. but I set aside my studies for my kids, and it was THE RIGHT THING TO DO for me. I really feel that there is an important reason that the Bible (and many other religions, by the way) advocate that a woman make her life at home *until* such a time as her kids are grown. I woudn't even go that far, but I did say that I woudln't go back to teaching till my two were in school, cause then I don't have to be there "9-5". but when they are so little? I truly feel, and maybe this isn't proven by science, maybe it is, that a woman is more emotionally connected to her kids (and vica versa) than the father, and should be there for them at their development. hugs. Michelle. --[[User:MHayes|MHayes]] 15:45, 30 August 2008 (EDT) (PS, if other than this, you ever want to see me be realllllyyy stubborn, just ask me about the T-D vocalization in Navajo after the move into New Mexico. hehe. (edit conflict)

== Oh, boy... ==

Cue the whitewashing. I'm gonna guess the polar bear section will be deleted or completely rewritten within 24 hours. As it stands, it certainly seems like a good example of "[[liberal bias]]". [[User:Egen|Egen]] 15:26, 29 August 2008 (EDT)
:I suggest to close this article from editing for a few days or at least hours. It's clear that it will become a favorite target for vandals. I'm sure if changes have to be made, Administrators will be able to make them well. I'm not suggesting a long term block, mind you, just to let things calm down. [[User:SilvioB|SilvioB]] 15:29, 29 August 2008 (EDT)
::I think Silvio has nmade a good point. [[User:Bugler|Bugler]] 15:30, 29 August 2008 (EDT)

:::The polar bear status is unclear. International numbers have been increasing, but largely due to numbers now being reported in Siberia and other former states of the Soviet Union. I don't know if different species are involved or that the aggregate is germane. It will be interesting to find out.

:::kind regards, --[[User:UnicornTapestry|UnicornTapestry]] 21:56, 29 August 2008 (EDT)

== Affirmative Action Vice-President ==
What is the Affirmative Action Vice-President part about? That is ridiculous. She would be the first woman VP but that has nothing to do with affirmative action. [[User:Fsamuels|Fsamuels]] 16:48, 29 August 2008 (EDT)
:It's criticising (in an oblique way) the accusations that Obama would be the first "Affirmitive Action President". I suspect that whoever called Palin that is hoping that you will find it ridiculous and decide that the Obama accusation is similarly ridiculous. --[[User:Toffeeman|Toffeeman]] 16:59, 29 August 2008 (EDT)

==Second Picture==
I think we should take it down. It's just like the first one and is totally unnecessary. If there is a second picture then it should be her with [[John McCain]]. I'm going to take it down. Maybe an administrator could replace it with this. [[User:Chippeterson|Chippeterson]] 29 August 2008 http://hotair.cachefly.net/images/2008-08/palin.jpg

: Sorry, link says '''access denied'''. --[[User:Joaquín Martínez]], [[User talk:Joaquín Martínez|talk]] 09:41, 30 August 2008 (EDT)

O.K., how about this one. http://media3.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/photo/2008/08/29/PH2008082902687.jpg [[User:Chippeterson|Chippeterson]] 30 August 2008

:That's better! --[[User:UnicornTapestry|UnicornTapestry]] 11:15, 30 August 2008 (EDT)

:That's a good one.--[[User:Frey|Frey]] 14:47, 30 August 2008 (EDT)

It seems to be popular. Anyway an administrator could come in and upload it? [[User:Chippeterson|Chippeterson]] 30 August 2008

Noun

2008-08-30T19:35:45Z

MHayes:

A '''noun''' is a [[word]] used to name a [[person]], [[animal]], [[place]], [[thing]], or an abstract [[idea]]. Nouns are usually the first words which small children learn.<ref> [http://www.arts.uottawa.ca/writcent/hypergrammar/nouns.html The Writing Centre], University of Ottawa </ref> The bold words in the following [[sentence]] are all nouns:

"'''Jesus''' will return to set up His '''kingdom''' on '''Earth'''."

A proper noun is a name given to a person, place or company or title. "Jesus" is a propper noun, as is the Book of Genesis. Abraham is a proper noun as is the First United Methodist Church. In English, proper nouns are capitalized. A very clear example of proper nouns vs., common nouns is the word "god". God, the Christian Diety by name is a propper noun and is capped. "god" the concept of diety is not a proper noun. Consider this sentence: "The only true god is God".

In English, most, capitalized words are also proper nouns. The most common exception is the word "I" which is a [[pronoun]]. That rule varies from language to language; for example, [[German language|German]] capitalizes all nouns, while many [[writing]] systems have no concept of capitalization.

In many languages like Russian, Hebrew, Greek and Latin nouns have different forms in different [[grammatical case|cases]] to show their relationships to other words in the sentence.

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:languages]]
[[Category:Parts of Speech]]

Grammar

2008-08-30T19:03:49Z

MHayes:

'''Grammar''' is the study of the rules governing use of [[language]]. As such, it is part of the discipline of [[linguistics]].

A "Grammar" (from a linguistic point of view) catalogs the various parts of speech in use by the language, including: verbs, nouns, pronouns, prepositions; it catalogs how actions are described, almost exclusively trough use of [[verbs]]s, and how those verbs are conjugated within a sentence; it catalogs how a language codifies for both mode and tense; and it attempts to quantify other less precise aspects of written or oral communication like metaphors, enclitics, onomatopoeia, and others.

==Some Grammar Concepts==
===Sentence Structure===
When linguists describe sentence structure in languages, they typically look at the relationship between the Subject, the Object and the Verb and classify the language by the order of those words.

*'''Subject''' is the agent of the action (such as a person).
*'''Verb''' is the action being undertaken (the thing being done eg. buying).
*'''Object''' is the item, person or thing that has the action done to it (eg. the paper).

'''SVO''' refers to '''subject''', '''verb''', '''object'''. An [[English]] example of this is '''I (s) buy (v) the book (obj)'''. In [[German]] this would be rendered '''Ich (s) kaufe(v) das Buch(o)'''.

Other languages have different sentence structures. Russian, for example, would render that Я (s) книгу (o) покупаю (v).

Besides SVO, the two most common are SOV (subject, object, verb), as used in [[Japanese language|Japanese]] (hon(s) wo katta (v)) , and VSO (verb, subject, object), as used in Biblical [[Hebrew]].
[[Category:Languages]]

Grammar

2008-08-30T18:58:19Z

MHayes:

'''Grammar''' is the study of the rules governing use of [[language]]. As such, it is part of the discipline of [[linguistics]].

A "Grammar" (from a linguistic point of view) catalogs the various parts of speech in use by the language, including: verbs, nouns, pronouns, prepositions; it catalogs how actions are described, almost exclusively trough use of [[verbs]]) and how those verbs are conjugated within a sentence; it catalogs how a language codifies for both mode and tense; and it attempts to quantify other less precise aspects of written or oral communication like metaphors, enclitics, onomatopoeia, and others.

==Some Grammar Concepts==
===Sentence Structure===
When lingusits describe sentance structure in languages, they typically look at the relationship between the Subject, the Object and the Verb and classify the language by the order of those words. '''SVO''' refers to '''subject''', '''verb''', '''object'''. An [[English]] example of this is '''I buy the paper'''. In [[German]] this would be rendered '''Ich kaufe die Zeitung'''.

*'''Subject''' is the agent of the action (such as a person).
*'''Verb''' is the action being undertaken (the thing being done eg. buying).
*'''Object''' is the item, person or thing that has the action done to it (eg. the paper).

Other languages have different sentence structures. Besides SVO, the two most common are SOV (subject, object, verb), as used in [[Japanese language|Japanese]], and VSO (verb, subject, object), as used in Biblical [[Hebrew]].
[[Category:Languages]]

American Indian

2008-08-30T18:34:57Z

MHayes:

'''American Indians''' are the descendants of the inhabitants of [[North America|North]] and [[South America]] before the coming of [[Europe]]ans in 1492.

They are believed to have descended from [[Asia|Asians]] who crossed the [[Bering Straight|Bering land bridge]] during the last [[Ice Age]]. According to archaeologists, this took place as early as 20,000 years ago.<ref name="who">TIME - Who Were The First Americans?, By MICHAEL D. LEMONICK, ANDREA DORFMAN, Sunday, Mar. 05, 2006 [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1169905,00.html]</ref>

Those who are only partly descended from those early inhabitants are still considered American Indians if they maintain tribal affiliation or community attachment. However, each Indian tribe or band has its own definitions regarding membership, some based on historical tradition, others based on rules (like blood quanta) imposed by the US Government.

A few American Indians prefer to be called [[Native American]]s in order to distinguish themselves from the people of [[India]], and to emphasize their North America ancestry.

During the [[American Civil War]], many Indian tribes supported the [[Confederacy]], on the grounds that they were against the U.S. government and due to the fact that many among the so called "civilized tribes" such as the [[Cherokee]] also owned African slaves.<ref>Descendants Of Freedmen Of The Five Civilized Tribes - History[http://www.freedmen5tribes.com/History.htm]</ref>

== Origins ==

There are competing theories about when and from where the first inhabitants of North and South America arrived. The [[Kennewick Man]] is an ancient [[skeleton]] found in 1996 and judged by [[radiocarbon dating]] to be over 9000 years old.<ref>http://www.infoplease.com/biography/var/kennewickman.html</ref> The morphology of the Kennewick Man remains is said to differ from that of present day Native Americans, suggesting a different ancestry{{fact}} but there is some controversy about that.<ref name="who" />

==References==
<references/>

==See Also==
* [[North American Indians]]
* [[Native American]]
* [[Wounded Knee Massacre]]

[[Category:Ethnicities]]
[[Category:North America]]
[[Category:South America]]

Talk:Sarah Palin

2008-08-30T18:32:24Z

MHayes: /* Her other son, Trig. */

Don't consider me sexist but... she at least looks a woman. Not like that Hillary who'd grow moustaches if she could. --[[User:AdamE|AdamE]] 11:24, 29 August 2008 (EDT)

Maybe not sexist but decidedly un-gallant and not a little silly. Hilary Clinton looks every inch a woman. If she looks less attractive than Sarah Palin that might just have something to do with the age difference: on the same basis I'd be much more worried if Obama was after my wife than if McCain were! C'mon, if attractivness was relevant you'd be lining up to vote Obama in. --[[User:Toffeeman|Toffeeman]] 11:30, 29 August 2008 (EDT)

== Her other son, Trig. ==

Should such a private and personal happening as that of her second son be brought to the general public? On one hand, it is only her and her family's matter, but on the other hand it shows that her acts are as honorable as her words. At least I was dubious on her at first, but reading more and more on her I am convinced that she is the Vice President America and the world need. I'm sure even liberals aknowledge her courage and that she did the right thing with Trig. But I leave it to those more knowledgeable to include such familiar matters or not in the article. [[User:SilvioB|SilvioB]] 15:17, 29 August 2008 (EDT)
: For what it's worth I think it should be mentioned, not because it's an invasion of her family's privacy, but because it says something important and positive about her character. She had stated publicly that she and her husband knew of the condition during the pregnancy, and chose not to abort it because of their values. That's a defining statement about her living the values she talks about, and one of the reasons I respect her as a person. --[[User:DinsdaleP|DinsdaleP]] 15:34, 29 August 2008 (EDT)

Please feel free to include that information. [[User:Learn together|Learn together]] 15:47, 29 August 2008 (EDT)
:Done --[[User:DinsdaleP|DinsdaleP]] 16:22, 29 August 2008 (EDT)

::Much of that information is in public release and has been reported in interviews in People and Vogue. I added a couple of comments she made, plus information about her son in the military.

::--[[User:UnicornTapestry|UnicornTapestry]] 21:50, 29 August 2008 (EDT)
:::The one of the rare times I will make a display of my personal opinions on here. I find this woman to be hypocritical and in fact somewhat repulsive as a mother. I am all for women's rights, adn all for women having a career, but she has a SIX MONTH OLD SON, and is about to go on a campaign trail. The only possible way she can manage a campaign trail is if someone else raises her son. And a special needs son as well. I am heart sick that this woman would put her career before her child. Men are expected to do this, but women are the core of our children's lives. We are central to who they become. Especially for the first 5 years of their life. Work before you have a kid, expand your career after your child is back in school. But the 5 most important years of a child's development are before he or she starts socializing, and this woman is willing to be an American vice president which will keep her on the road over 200 days a year, if you go by averages of other VPs, and often in countries where it's not only "discouraged" to take a child, but out right dangerous. Vietnam and Korea - if you are there to represent the US. Venezuela. Cuba. Georgia. China. not places to be taking a child. I am disheartened, as I said. This is not a good role model for how to be a women in teh US finding a career - when the career comes before your own family. AGain, rarely will you see me make a statement like this, cause I'm not normally into challenges. but this woman makes me so sad for her child, and as a mother, as a woman who believes that a Christian woman (and any woman, frankly) should put her infants first... it is just sad. Would it have killed her to wait 5 years before being in such demanding political positions?--[[User:MHayes|MHayes]] Michelle13:58, 30 August 2008 (EDT)

== Oh, boy... ==

Cue the whitewashing. I'm gonna guess the polar bear section will be deleted or completely rewritten within 24 hours. As it stands, it certainly seems like a good example of "[[liberal bias]]". [[User:Egen|Egen]] 15:26, 29 August 2008 (EDT)
:I suggest to close this article from editing for a few days or at least hours. It's clear that it will become a favorite target for vandals. I'm sure if changes have to be made, Administrators will be able to make them well. I'm not suggesting a long term block, mind you, just to let things calm down. [[User:SilvioB|SilvioB]] 15:29, 29 August 2008 (EDT)
::I think Silvio has nmade a good point. [[User:Bugler|Bugler]] 15:30, 29 August 2008 (EDT)

:::The polar bear status is unclear. International numbers have been increasing, but largely due to numbers now being reported in Siberia and other former states of the Soviet Union. I don't know if different species are involved or that the aggregate is germane. It will be interesting to find out.

:::kind regards, --[[User:UnicornTapestry|UnicornTapestry]] 21:56, 29 August 2008 (EDT)

== Affirmative Action Vice-President ==
What is the Affirmative Action Vice-President part about? That is ridiculous. She would be the first woman VP but that has nothing to do with affirmative action. [[User:Fsamuels|Fsamuels]] 16:48, 29 August 2008 (EDT)
:It's criticising (in an oblique way) the accusations that Obama would be the first "Affirmitive Action President". I suspect that whoever called Palin that is hoping that you will find it ridiculous and decide that the Obama accusation is similarly ridiculous. --[[User:Toffeeman|Toffeeman]] 16:59, 29 August 2008 (EDT)

==Second Picture==
I think we should take it down. It's just like the first one and is totally unnecessary. If there is a second picture then it should be her with [[John McCain]]. I'm going to take it down. Maybe an administrator could replace it with this. [[User:Chippeterson|Chippeterson]] 29 August 2008 http://hotair.cachefly.net/images/2008-08/palin.jpg

: Sorry, link says '''access denied'''. --[[User:Joaquín Martínez]], [[User talk:Joaquín Martínez|talk]] 09:41, 30 August 2008 (EDT)

O.K., how about this one. http://media3.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/photo/2008/08/29/PH2008082902687.jpg [[User:Chippeterson|Chippeterson]] 30 August 2008

:That's better! --[[User:UnicornTapestry|UnicornTapestry]] 11:15, 30 August 2008 (EDT)

Talk:Sarah Palin

2008-08-30T17:58:26Z

MHayes: /* Her other son, Trig. */

Don't consider me sexist but... she at least looks a woman. Not like that Hillary who'd grow moustaches if she could. --[[User:AdamE|AdamE]] 11:24, 29 August 2008 (EDT)

Maybe not sexist but decidedly un-gallant and not a little silly. Hilary Clinton looks every inch a woman. If she looks less attractive than Sarah Palin that might just have something to do with the age difference: on the same basis I'd be much more worried if Obama was after my wife than if McCain were! C'mon, if attractivness was relevant you'd be lining up to vote Obama in. --[[User:Toffeeman|Toffeeman]] 11:30, 29 August 2008 (EDT)

== Her other son, Trig. ==

Should such a private and personal happening as that of her second son be brought to the general public? On one hand, it is only her and her family's matter, but on the other hand it shows that her acts are as honorable as her words. At least I was dubious on her at first, but reading more and more on her I am convinced that she is the Vice President America and the world need. I'm sure even liberals aknowledge her courage and that she did the right thing with Trig. But I leave it to those more knowledgeable to include such familiar matters or not in the article. [[User:SilvioB|SilvioB]] 15:17, 29 August 2008 (EDT)
: For what it's worth I think it should be mentioned, not because it's an invasion of her family's privacy, but because it says something important and positive about her character. She had stated publicly that she and her husband knew of the condition during the pregnancy, and chose not to abort it because of their values. That's a defining statement about her living the values she talks about, and one of the reasons I respect her as a person. --[[User:DinsdaleP|DinsdaleP]] 15:34, 29 August 2008 (EDT)

Please feel free to include that information. [[User:Learn together|Learn together]] 15:47, 29 August 2008 (EDT)
:Done --[[User:DinsdaleP|DinsdaleP]] 16:22, 29 August 2008 (EDT)

::Much of that information is in public release and has been reported in interviews in People and Vogue. I added a couple of comments she made, plus information about her son in the military.

::--[[User:UnicornTapestry|UnicornTapestry]] 21:50, 29 August 2008 (EDT)
:::The one of the rare times I will make a display of my personal opinions on here. I find this woman to be hypocritical and in fact somewhat repulsive as a mother. I am all for women's rights, adn all for women having a career, but she has a SIX MONTH OLD SON, and is about to go on a campaign trail. The only possible way she can manage a campaign trail is if someone else raises her son. And a special needs son as well. I am heart sick that this woman would put her career before her child. Men are expected to do this, but women are the core of our children's lives. We are central to who they become. Especially for the first 5 years of their life. Work before you have a kid, expand your career after your child is back in school. But the 5 most important years of a child's development are before he or she starts socializing, and this woman is willing to be an American vice president which will keep her on the road over 200 days a year, if you go by averages of other VPs, and often in countries where it's not only "discouraged" to take a child, but out right dangerous. Vietnam and Korea - if you are there to represent the US. Venezuela. Cuba. Georgia. China. not places to be taking a child. I am disheartened, as I said. This is not a good role model for how to be a women in teh US finding a career - when the career comes before your own family. AGain, rarely will you see me make a statement like this, cause I'm not normally into challenges. but this woman makes me so sad for her child, and as a mother, as a woman who believes that a Christian woman (and any woman, frankly) should put her infants first... it is just sad. Would it have killed her to wait 5 years before being in such demanding political positions?--[[User:MHayes|MHayes]] 13:58, 30 August 2008 (EDT)

== Oh, boy... ==

Cue the whitewashing. I'm gonna guess the polar bear section will be deleted or completely rewritten within 24 hours. As it stands, it certainly seems like a good example of "[[liberal bias]]". [[User:Egen|Egen]] 15:26, 29 August 2008 (EDT)
:I suggest to close this article from editing for a few days or at least hours. It's clear that it will become a favorite target for vandals. I'm sure if changes have to be made, Administrators will be able to make them well. I'm not suggesting a long term block, mind you, just to let things calm down. [[User:SilvioB|SilvioB]] 15:29, 29 August 2008 (EDT)
::I think Silvio has nmade a good point. [[User:Bugler|Bugler]] 15:30, 29 August 2008 (EDT)

:::The polar bear status is unclear. International numbers have been increasing, but largely due to numbers now being reported in Siberia and other former states of the Soviet Union. I don't know if different species are involved or that the aggregate is germane. It will be interesting to find out.

:::kind regards, --[[User:UnicornTapestry|UnicornTapestry]] 21:56, 29 August 2008 (EDT)

== Affirmative Action Vice-President ==
What is the Affirmative Action Vice-President part about? That is ridiculous. She would be the first woman VP but that has nothing to do with affirmative action. [[User:Fsamuels|Fsamuels]] 16:48, 29 August 2008 (EDT)
:It's criticising (in an oblique way) the accusations that Obama would be the first "Affirmitive Action President". I suspect that whoever called Palin that is hoping that you will find it ridiculous and decide that the Obama accusation is similarly ridiculous. --[[User:Toffeeman|Toffeeman]] 16:59, 29 August 2008 (EDT)

==Second Picture==
I think we should take it down. It's just like the first one and is totally unnecessary. If there is a second picture then it should be her with [[John McCain]]. I'm going to take it down. Maybe an administrator could replace it with this. [[User:Chippeterson|Chippeterson]] 29 August 2008 http://hotair.cachefly.net/images/2008-08/palin.jpg

: Sorry, link says '''access denied'''. --[[User:Joaquín Martínez]], [[User talk:Joaquín Martínez|talk]] 09:41, 30 August 2008 (EDT)

O.K., how about this one. http://media3.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/photo/2008/08/29/PH2008082902687.jpg [[User:Chippeterson|Chippeterson]] 30 August 2008

:That's better! --[[User:UnicornTapestry|UnicornTapestry]] 11:15, 30 August 2008 (EDT)

Saliva

2008-08-29T00:33:42Z

MHayes:

'''Saliva''' (also known as spit) is the water-based fluid, made in the mouth by the [[salivary glands]] packed with enzymes. The function of saliva is to begin the breakdown of foods in the mouth as it is mixed with foods during the chewing process.

Verb

2008-08-29T00:31:17Z

MHayes:

A '''verb''' is a word or words that express actions, events, or states of being. The verb or compound verb is often a critical element of the [[predicate]] of a sentence. In each of the following sentences, the verb or compound verb is italicized:

"Jesus died on the cross for your sins."

The verb "died" describes the action of Jesus.

"God ''gave'' us memories that we might have roses in
December."

Forms of "to be", such as "is", "are", etc. are also verbs of a particular type, called copulas, which define states of being (Jesus is the perfect teacher. Mary is Jesus' mother.) Some languages, such as Russian, do not use copulas.

Many languages inflect verbs to indicate such categories as person, number, tense, [[aspect (grammar)|aspect]], mood, and [[voice]]. The set of all forms of a verb is called its ''conjugation''. English inflects for number and tense. God ''loves'' us; but we ''love'' God. God ''created'' the Heavens and the Earth; but He creates things daily.

==Compound verbs==
The most simple compound verb are verbs with the "helper" verb of "has" and "to be".
I ''am going''. He ''had been going''.
In English, compound verbs generally mark space in time, telling us what actions in a sentence happen in relation to other actions. "I had been reading the Bible, when I decided to change my life". "had been" tells us what the subject (I) was doing, when I acted "decided" to change.

==External Links==
*[http://www.grammarbook.com/grammar/subjectVerb.asp Finding Subjects and Verbs] and [http://www.grammarbook.com/grammar_quiz/finding_subjects_verbs_1.asp Finding Subjects and Verbs Quiz]
*[http://www.grammarbook.com/grammar/subjectVerbAgree.asp Subject and Verb Agreement] and [http://www.grammarbook.com/grammar_quiz/subject_verb_agreement_1.asp Subject and Verb Agreement Quiz]

[[Category:languages]]
[[Category:Parts of Speech]]