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Black Panther Party

2009-03-10T01:22:05Z

MHaggerstrom: speelnig

'''The Black Panther Party''' (originally named the ''The Black Panther Party for Self-Defense'') was a [[United States]]-based militant organization that operated from 1966 to 1971. The Panthers had thousands of members and spread across several major cities. In 1969, then-director of the[[FBI| Federal Bureau of Intelligence]], [[J. Edgar Hoover]], said, "The Black Panthers are the greatest threat to the internal security of [[America]].”<ref>http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/cold.war/episodes/13/interviews/seale/</ref>

==History==

The Party was organized in 1966 by two [[Oakland]] college students, [[Huey Percy Newton]] and [[Bobby Seale]], to fight the [[American]] government as a "racist [and] capitalist state". The group criticized in particular the American economic structure, calling for the government to change to a more [[communist]]ic economy. Contrary to activists such as [[Martin Luther King]], the Black Panthers called for violent action against [[racism]]. After King's assassination in 1968, the group began to arm its members as well as provide them with [[military]] training.

The Black Panthers marched into the [[California]] state capital fully armed, leading to the arrest of some group members. Because of the visible militancy of the the group, they often faced police pressure. A number of clashes in the Chicago area left members of the Panthers and police officers either killed or wounded. A raid on the Panther's headquarters in Chicago led to the death of Fred Hampton, the leader of the Chicago chapter, who was killed and others wounded when the police opened fire.

The [[FBI]], under the leadership of of [[J. Edgar Hoover]] carried out a program of counter-intelligence known as [[COINTELPRO]]. Hoover's agents used false letters and undercover agents to create a divide in the BPP's leadership.

==Partnership==

The Black Panther Party carried out many organizational initiatives along with arming mebers and rioting. They formed links with organizations such as the Peace and Freedom Party, the Poor People's March, the Brown Berets, [[Cesar Chavez]] and with other farm labor movements; the American Indian Movement; and the Young Puerto Rican Brothers.
Seales claimed that the reasons for the joining of other coalitions was because the organization was for "all power to all the people, not just black power.”<ref>http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/cold.war/episodes/13/interviews/seale/</ref> They also worked with the Preventive Medical Health Care Clinics and the Breakfast for Children Program, which gave the militant group good publicity.

==Membership==

In 1968, two years after the Black Panthers' founding, the organization counted 400 hundred members, mainly from the poor parts of Oakland. When [[Martin Luther King]] died, membership grew to five thousand with over 45 chapters and branches. The organization also published a newspaper which by 1969 circulated to over 250,000 subscribers.
==References==
<sup><references/></sup>

==See Also==
*[[New Black Panthers]]

[[Category:Black Nationalists]]
[[category:1960s]]
[[category:Black History]]

Jeremiah Wright

2009-03-09T04:26:00Z

MHaggerstrom: corrected my grammar

[[Image:Barack Obama Jeremiah Wright.jpg|left|thumb|Barack Obama and Jeremiah Wright.]] The '''Rev. Jeremiah A. Wright, Jr.''' was the pastor of Trinity United Church of Christ, a large [[Chicago]] church with a black congregation. He had a relatively privileged upbringing in [[Philadelphia]], where his father was a [[Baptist]] minister in the Germantown section and his mother was Vice-Principal at the prestigious Philadelphia High School for Girls. Jeremiah Wright himself attended the Central High School for Boys, which was a selective school that ranked among the very best in the [[United States]]. After attending 2 years of college Wright dropped out and joined first the [[United States Marine Corps]] and then the [[United States Navy]]. Wright associates "with [[Louis Farrakhan]], one of the biggest racists and anti-Semites in the country"<ref>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YKNGBFCZNYw</ref>.

Wright was the mentor of President [[Barack Obama]] during his days in Chicago. Wright married Obama and his wife, baptized his children and had been a close spiritual adviser to [[Obama]] for twenty years. Wright even inspired the title of Obama's book ''The Audacity of Hope''. Wright came under fire for anti-American statements he has made, and for implying that the [[AIDS]] virus was spread by the United States government to wipe out the black population and that the United States got what it deserved on [[9/11]] and that the Jews are evil white people.

Wright's comments were condemned across America. Only when it became politically important, Obama finally distanced himself from Wright. Obama went to Wright's Church for almost many years and must have had a connection.

[[Barack Obama]] claims that he didn't know that Jeremiah Wright held hateful sermons, but went to the church for at least several years.

Wright's anti-American comments didn't end with the election. On December 7, 2008, while the majority of America was observing the anniversary of the Japanese attack on [[Pearl Harbor]], Wright claimed that December 7, 1941 was the day America bombed Hiroshima--a claim that reveals either a truly shocking ignorance of American history, or, more likely, a baldfaced attempt at historical revisionism.<ref>http://www.chicagobreakingnews.com/2008/12/reverend-jeremiah-wright-trinity-united-baptist-church-chicago-obama.html
</ref>

Jeremiah Wright is a staunch supporter for the Nation of Islam. Wright received an award from none other than Louis Farrakhan.

Liberal defenders of Obama like to point out that not everyone was shocked at Wright's preachings and that he was actually defended by [[Mike Huckabee]]. Mike Huckabee stated: "We've got to cut some slack to people who grew up being called names, being told, "You have to sit in the balcony when you go to the movie. You have to go to the back door to go into the restaurant. And you can't sit out there with everyone else. There's a separate waiting room in the doctor's office. Here's where you sit on the bus." And you know what? Sometimes people do have a chip on their shoulder and resentment. And you have to just say, I probably would too. I probably would too. In fact, I may have had a more, more of a chip on my shoulder had it been me."<ref>http://blogs.abcnews.com/politicalpunch/2008/03/huckabee-defend.html
</ref>
Huckabee went on to say that '''"...no one can defend the content of Wright's statements."''' It is worth noting that [[Mike Huckabee]] was not defending the content of Jeremiah Wright's words, but the reason behind them.

==Guest Speaker==
Rev. Wright is now a popular traveling guest speaker, regardless of his warped viewpoint. He was in Washington for the inauguration ceremony of [[Barack Obama]] and gave a Sunday sermon, January 18th at Howard University. <ref>[http://www.newsmax.com/insidecover/jeremiah_wright_sermon/2009/01/18/172770.html Rev. Wright Shows Up in Washington] News Max, January 19, 2009</ref>

==References==
<references/>

{{DEFAULTSORT:Wright, Jeremiah}}
[[Category:Clergy]]
[[Category:Children of Clergy]]

Jeremiah Wright

2009-03-09T04:25:30Z

MHaggerstrom: Edited to update that Obama is now president, not presidential candidate

[[Image:Barack Obama Jeremiah Wright.jpg|left|thumb|Barack Obama and Jeremiah Wright.]] The '''Rev. Jeremiah A. Wright, Jr.''' was the pastor of Trinity United Church of Christ, a large [[Chicago]] church with a black congregation. He had a relatively privileged upbringing in [[Philadelphia]], where his father was a [[Baptist]] minister in the Germantown section and his mother was Vice-Principal at the prestigious Philadelphia High School for Girls. Jeremiah Wright himself attended the Central High School for Boys, which was a selective school that ranked among the very best in the [[United States]]. After attending 2 years of college Wright dropped out and joined first the [[United States Marine Corps]] and then the [[United States Navy]]. Wright associates "with [[Louis Farrakhan]], one of the biggest racists and anti-Semites in the country"<ref>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YKNGBFCZNYw</ref>.

Wright was the mentor President [[Barack Obama]] during his days in Chicago. Wright married Obama and his wife, baptized his children and had been a close spiritual adviser to [[Obama]] for twenty years. Wright even inspired the title of Obama's book ''The Audacity of Hope''. Wright came under fire for anti-American statements he has made, and for implying that the [[AIDS]] virus was spread by the United States government to wipe out the black population and that the United States got what it deserved on [[9/11]] and that the Jews are evil white people.

Wright's comments were condemned across America. Only when it became politically important, Obama finally distanced himself from Wright. Obama went to Wright's Church for almost many years and must have had a connection.

[[Barack Obama]] claims that he didn't know that Jeremiah Wright held hateful sermons, but went to the church for at least several years.

Wright's anti-American comments didn't end with the election. On December 7, 2008, while the majority of America was observing the anniversary of the Japanese attack on [[Pearl Harbor]], Wright claimed that December 7, 1941 was the day America bombed Hiroshima--a claim that reveals either a truly shocking ignorance of American history, or, more likely, a baldfaced attempt at historical revisionism.<ref>http://www.chicagobreakingnews.com/2008/12/reverend-jeremiah-wright-trinity-united-baptist-church-chicago-obama.html
</ref>

Jeremiah Wright is a staunch supporter for the Nation of Islam. Wright received an award from none other than Louis Farrakhan.

Liberal defenders of Obama like to point out that not everyone was shocked at Wright's preachings and that he was actually defended by [[Mike Huckabee]]. Mike Huckabee stated: "We've got to cut some slack to people who grew up being called names, being told, "You have to sit in the balcony when you go to the movie. You have to go to the back door to go into the restaurant. And you can't sit out there with everyone else. There's a separate waiting room in the doctor's office. Here's where you sit on the bus." And you know what? Sometimes people do have a chip on their shoulder and resentment. And you have to just say, I probably would too. I probably would too. In fact, I may have had a more, more of a chip on my shoulder had it been me."<ref>http://blogs.abcnews.com/politicalpunch/2008/03/huckabee-defend.html
</ref>
Huckabee went on to say that '''"...no one can defend the content of Wright's statements."''' It is worth noting that [[Mike Huckabee]] was not defending the content of Jeremiah Wright's words, but the reason behind them.

==Guest Speaker==
Rev. Wright is now a popular traveling guest speaker, regardless of his warped viewpoint. He was in Washington for the inauguration ceremony of [[Barack Obama]] and gave a Sunday sermon, January 18th at Howard University. <ref>[http://www.newsmax.com/insidecover/jeremiah_wright_sermon/2009/01/18/172770.html Rev. Wright Shows Up in Washington] News Max, January 19, 2009</ref>

==References==
<references/>

{{DEFAULTSORT:Wright, Jeremiah}}
[[Category:Clergy]]
[[Category:Children of Clergy]]

Talk:Fraud

2009-03-03T19:54:40Z

MHaggerstrom: the fraud page needs substantial expansion

== I volunteer to revise this page ==

This page needs revision substantial expansion, which I am happy to contribute, to distinguish and describe the multiple kinds of fraud from a legal perspective (civil and criminal) and to disambiguate colloquial or non-legal uses of the word. While the definitions of common law fraud are going to be similar from state to state, there may be operative differences that readers can get insight into as a result of the practice of discussing common law fraud from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. The same goes for the consumer fraud statutes of the various states. Once you've got a fair discussion of what fraud actually means, you can move on to applying definitions and identifying fraud in politics, academics, etc. I've never added anything here, so I don't know the procedure or etiquette for doing so. [[User:MHaggerstrom|MHaggerstrom]] 14:54, 3 March 2009 (EST)