Conservapedia - User contributions [en]

Qingdao

2007-07-03T12:12:08Z

LolaMae:

[[Qingdao]] is a port city in eastern [[Shandong Province]], [[China]]. Qingdao was made famous by the Tsingtao Brewery, started by Germans in 1903. Among the attractions in Qingdao are its many bathing beaches, May Fourth Square, Qingdao Underwater World, Qingdao Beer Museum, Zhongshan Park, Huadong Winery, and nearby [[Laoshan]] mountain.

Qingdao will host the sailing regatta for the 2008 Beijing Olympics.

[[Category: China]]

Qingdao

2007-07-03T12:11:44Z

LolaMae:

Qingdao

2007-07-03T12:09:48Z

LolaMae: New page: Qingdao is a port city in eastern Shandong Province, China. Qingdao was made famous by the Tsingtao Brewery, started by Germans in 1903. Among the attractions in Qingdao are it...

Tour de France

2007-07-03T11:58:20Z

LolaMae:

The [[Tour de France]] is a famous cycling race, held annually in [[France]] during the month of July. The Tour de France, [[Giro d'Italia]], and [[Vuelta a Espagne]] are referred to as the [[Grand Tours]] of professional cycling. The course of the race changes from year to year, often passing through neighboring countries, but traditionally finishes on the [[Champs-Elysees]] in [[Paris]]. In 2007 the race will commence in [[Britain]].

Riders who compete in the Tour de France are members of corporate-sponsored teams of nine riders. These nine riders work together to help the team leader or other team members to increase their standing. Team Discovery Channel (formerly United States Postal Service) is the only team in the Tour based out of the United States.

Riders in the Tour de France compete in several different competitions; the leader of each competition is awarded a jersey at the end of each stage race. The [[Yellow Jersey]] is awarded to the overall race leader. The Green Jersey is awarded to the leader of the points competition, in which points are awarded to riders winning a series of sprint races. The Polka-dot Jersey is awarded to the "King of the Mountains" leader, given to the rider who has the best record climbing designated hills and mountains in the race. The White Jersey is awarded to the "Best Young Rider", the rider under the age of 25 with the highest placement in the overall race standings.

American [[Lance Armstrong]] won the race a record seven times from 1999 to 2005. While the French media often accused Armstrong of steroid use, such claims were never supported by his drug test results. The most recent winner (2006) was another American, [[Floyd Landis]], however his victory has been contested due to a failed drug test following a stage victory. The controversy came after a number of riders, including race favorites [[Ivan Basso]] and [[Jan Ullrich]], were banned from competing in the race just a few days before it began due to allegations of steroid use.

Tour de France

2007-07-03T11:57:59Z

LolaMae: New page: The Tour de France is a famous cycling race, held annually in France during the month of July. The Tour de France, Giro d'Italia, and Vuelta a Espagne are referred to as th...

The [[Tour de France]] is a famous cycling race, held annually in [[France]] during the month of July. The Tour de France, [[Giro d'Italia]], and [[Vuelta a Espagne]] are referred to as the [[Grand Tours]] of professional cycling. The course of the race changes from year to year, often passing through neighboring countries, but traditionally finishes on the [[Champs-Elysees]] in [[Paris]]. In 2007 the race will commence in [[Britain]].

Riders who compete in the Tour de France are members of corporate-sponsored teams of nine riders. These nine riders work together to help the team leader or other team members to increase their standing. Team Discovery Channel (formerly United States Postal Service) is the only team in the Tour based out of the United States.

Riders in the Tour de France compete in several different competitions; the leader of each competition is awarded a jersey at the end of each stage race. The [[Yellow Jersey]] is awarded to the overall race leader. The Green Jersey is awarded to the leader of the points competition, in which points are awarded to riders winning a series of sprint races. The Polka-dot Jersey is awarded to the "King of the Mountains" leader, given to the rider who has the best record climbing designated hills and mountains in the race. The White Jersey is awarded to the "Best Young Rider", the rider under the age of 25 with the highest placement in the overall race standings.

American [[Lance Armstrong]] won the race a record seven times from 1999 to 2005. While the French media often accused Armstrong of steroid use, such claims were never supported by his drug test results. The most recent winner (2006) was another American, [[Floyd Landis]], however his victory has been contested due to a failed drug test following a stage victory. The controversy came after a number of riders, including race favorites Ivan Basso and Jan Ullrich, were banned from competing in the race just a few days before it began due to allegations of steroid use.

Seattle

2007-05-20T06:20:03Z

LolaMae:

'''Seattle''' is the largest city in [[Washington]]. It was named after [[Chief Sealth]], a Suqamish/Duwamish [[Native American]] leader. Seattle, Washington (47.606N. -122.33W) is the largest city in Washington, and in the Pacific Northwest. It was officially incorporated in 1889, but had been a town since 1851, when a group of pioneers from Illinois settled West Seattle, a peninsula within the current city limits to the west. The population as of 2006 is 578,700. The city has generally been at capacity since about 1960, since the population hasn't gone up more than 10,000 people since then. However, the population has increased into the suburbs north toward [[Everett]], south toward [[Seatac]] and [[Tacoma]] and east (across [[Lake Washington]]) to [[Mercer Island]], [[Kirkland]], [[Redmond]], [[Bellevue]] and [[Issaquah]].

==Demographics==
The racial makeup of the city was 67.1 percent White, 16.6 percent Asian, 9.7 percent African American, 2.38 percent from other races, 1.00 percent Native American, 0.50 percent Pacific Islander, and 4.46 percent from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.3 percent of the population. Seattle's median household income is $45,736, where the national average is $41,994. The median age of Seattle residents is 37.9. 36.16% of Seattleites are married, 11.5 are divorced, and one third of those who are married have children. The density is 6,886 people per square mile. Seattle was also rated the most educated city in the United States, with 52.7% of it's residents over age 25 holding at least a bachelor's degree. {{fact}}

==Miscellaneous==

Landmarks include the [[Space Needle]] and the [[Pike Place Market]].

In 1999 Seattle hosted the [[WTO]] at the Washington Convention Center on Pine Street, and found itself the locus of a large protest by anti-globalist activists. Very rapidly, however, anarchists took advantage of the fact that the police were overwhelmed and began destroying property and looting storefronts. The violence of the "Battle of Seattle" raged for several days.

On Ash Wednesday 2001, Seattle sustained damage in the large Nisqually Quake, which cracked the Highway 99 Viaduct and destroyed some vintage brick buildings in Pioneer Square.

Seattle is the home of the [[Discovery Institute]], an influential conservative think tank, and the [[Sasquatch]] Information Society, a group which seeks at educate the public and gather information on [[Bigfoot]].

==Sports==

Seattle is the home of the [[NFL]]'s [[Seattle Seahawks]], the [[NBA]]'s Seattle SuperSonics, and Major League Baseball's [[Seattle Mariners]].

[[Category:US Towns and Cities]]

Seattle

2007-05-20T06:18:57Z

LolaMae: /* Miscellaneous */

'''Seattle''' is the largest city in [[Washington]]. It was named after [[Chief Sealth]], a Suqamish/Duwamish [[Native American]] leader. Seattle, Washington (47.606N. -122.33W) is the largest city in Washington, and in the Pacific Northwest. It was officially incorporated in 1889, but had been a town since 1851, when a group of pioneers from Illinois settled West Seattle, a peninsula within the current city limits to the west. The population as of 2006 is 578,700. The city has generally been at capacity since about 1960, since the population hasn't gone up more than 10,000 people since then. However, the population has increased into the suburbs north toward [[Everett]], south toward [[Seatac]] and [[Tacoma]] and east (across [[Lake Washington]]) to [[Mercer Island]], [[Kirkland]], [[Redmond]], [[Bellevue]] and [[Issaquah]].

==Demographics==
The racial makeup of the city was 67.1 percent White, 16.6 percent Asian, 9.7 percent African American, 2.38 percent from other races, 1.00 percent Native American, 0.50 percent Pacific Islander, and 4.46 percent from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6.3 percent of the population. Seattle's median household income is $45,736, where the national average is $41,994. The median age of Seattle residents is 37.9. 36.16% of Seattleites are married, 11.5 are divorced, and one third of those who are married have children. The density is 6,886 people per square mile. Seattle was also rated the most educated city in the United States, with 52.7% of it's residents over age 25 holding at least a bachelor's degree. {{fact}}

==Miscellaneous==

Landmarks include the [[Space Needle]] and the [[Pike Place Market]].

In 1999 Seattle hosted the [[WTO]] at the Washington Convention Center on Pine Street, and found itself the locus of a large protest by anti-globalist activists. Very rapidly, however, anarchists took advantage of the fact that the police were overwhelmed and began destroying property and looting storefronts. The violence of the "Battle of Seattle" raged for several days.

On Ash Wednesday 2001, Seattle sustained damage in the large Nisqually Quake, which cracked the Highway 99 Viaduct and destroyed some vintage brick buildings in Pioneer Square.

Seattle is the home of the [[Discovery Institute]], an influential conservative think tank, and the [[Sasquatch]] Information Society, a group which seeks at educate the public and gather information on [[Bigfoot]].

==Sports==

Seattle is the home of the [[NFL]]'s [[Seattle Seahawks]], the [[NBA]]'s Seattle SuperSonics, and Major League Baseball's Seattle Mariners.

[[Category:US Towns and Cities]]

Bolivia

2007-05-20T06:11:39Z

LolaMae:

[[Image:Bl-map.gif|right|thumb]]
'''Bolivia''' is a [[country]] in [[South America]]. Bolivia has two capital cities: [[La Paz]] (administrative) and [[Sucre]] (judicial). Bolivia is located southeast of [[Peru]], south of [[Brazil]], north of [[Paraguay]] and [[Argentina]], and east of [[Chile]]. It is notorious for its high consumption of coca leaves, which are used in the production of [[cocaine]]. The current president of Bolivia is a [[liberal]] named [[Evo Morales]].

{{expand}}

[[Category:South American Countries]]

Pen

2007-05-20T06:02:19Z

LolaMae:

A '''pen''' is a writing instrument which uses ink. Popular varieties include: fountain, felt-tip, ball-point, and gel.

== History ==
The ball point pen was invented in 1936, and over the next few decades overtook the [[fountain pen]] as the most-used writing instrument in the industrialised world.

James Valles, Jr.

2007-05-20T05:53:13Z

LolaMae:

'''James Valles, Jr.''' does research in experimental condensed matter [[physics]], in the areas of: superconductivity; electron correlation effects in disordered metals and nanostructures; and in using magnetic fields as a new tool for cell biology and biopolymerization.

Biography

Professor Valles joined the faculty at [[Brown University]] in 1992. Prior to this he was an Assistant Professor of Physics at the University of Oregon from 1989 to 1992 and a postdoctoral member of the technical staff at AT&T Bell Laboratories from 1987 to 1989. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Massachusetts in 1988 and his Bachelor of Arts from Dartmouth College in 1981. He is the recipient of an Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Fellowship.
Interests

Valles' group performs research in two distinct areas: low temperature condensed matter physics and biological physics.

The condensed matter physics research focuses on uncovering and exploring the properties of the possible phases, such as superconducting, insulating, or magnetic, that metals assume at very low temperatures. Which phase emerges in a given system can be determined by a subtle interplay of its geometry, its microscopic structure and whether or not it is in a [[magnetic field]]. Most recently, Valles has focused on films of metals that are so thin that they exhibit two dimensional properties. Some of these come with their own nanostructure, while others are patterned with features on the scale of nanometers. The specific topics that this research addresses are the two dimensional superconductor to insulator and superconductor to metal transitions, localization phenomena, proximity effects in mesoscopic systems, and the physics of thin film growth on low temperature and nanostructured substrates.

Biological physics work in the Valles lab has been directed at developing the use of intense, static magnetic fields as a means of manipulating biological systems. They have shown that cell division in frog eggs, the swimming of microorganisms, and biopolymerization phenomena can be modified and investigated with static magnetic fields.

Awards

1981 Magna Cum Laude, Dartmouth College
1982-84 Graduate Fellow, University of Massachusetts
1986-87 IBM Graduate Fellow
1990-92 Alfred P. Sloan Fellow
1993 Elected to Sigma Xi
Affiliations

American Physical Society Member
American Association for the Advancement of Science Member
Funded Research

1990-92 Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Fellowship

1991-94 National Science Foundation, "Electron Tunneling Studies of Ultrathin Normal Metal Films"

1991-94 Office of Naval Research, "Electron Tunneling Studies of Ultrathin Films Near the Metal Insulator Transition"

1995-98 Office of Naval Research, "Ballistic Electron-Emission Microscopy Studies of High Tc Superconductor Normal Metal Interfaces"

1995-98 National Science Foundation, "Ultra Low Temperature Transport and Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies of Quench Condensed Films"

1997-98 - Salomon Faculty Research Award with Professor K. Mowry -

1998-00 – National Science Foundation, "Tunneling and Transport Studies of Ultrathin Films of Metals and Superconductors"

1999-00 – National Science Foundation, "Manipulation of Cell Division with Static Magnetic Fields"

2002-04 – National Science Foundation, "Quantum Phase Transitions in Nanostructured Superconductors in 2D"

2001-05- NASA, "Magnetic Field Gradient Levitation System for Physics and Biophysics"

2004-2007 NASA, "Microscopic Studies of Gravi-Sensitive Microtubule Assembly in Simulated Variable Gravity Conditions", co-PI with Professor Jay Tang

2005 Jet Propulsion Laboratory "Investigations of the Adaptation of Euglena to Changes in a Simulated Gravity Environment"

2006-2009 National Science Foundation, "Vortices and Quasiparticles in Superconducting Films in Small Order Parameter Amplitude Limit" [http://www.brown.edu/Departments/Physics/people/facultypage.php?id=1106969921]

Rock-Paper-Scissors

2007-05-13T21:08:32Z

LolaMae: New page: '''Rock-Paper-Scissors''' is a simple game played between two people using their hands. The players make fists and say "Rock, Paper, Scissors." On the word "Scissors," both players choose ...

'''Rock-Paper-Scissors''' is a simple game played between two people using their hands. The players make fists and say "Rock, Paper, Scissors." On the word "Scissors," both players choose one of three hand signs, either a fist for 'Rock', the hand flat for 'Paper', or the middle and ring fingers extended for 'Scissors.' The winner is chosen according to the following rules: Paper beats Rock, Scissors beats Paper, and Rock beats Scissors. Rock-Paper-Scissors is often used as a method of tie-breaking. There are many variations of this game.

[[Category: Games]]

User:LolaMae

2007-05-13T20:50:53Z

LolaMae:

My name is Lola Mae Reynolds and I'm from American Falls, Idaho. In my spare time I enjoy baking pies, reading, and playing with my dog Squishy. I am currently a junior at the University of Idaho studying Elementary Education.

Meteor

2007-05-13T20:41:41Z

LolaMae:

A '''meteor''' is a kind of stone that falls from the [[sky]]. The ancient [[Greek]]s believed that the stones were [[Zeus]]'s thunderbolts. A famous quote by [[Thomas Jefferson]]:

:"I would sooner believe that two [[Yankee]] [[professor]]s lied, than that stones fell from the sky."[http://www.eridu.co.uk/Author/atlantis/greek.html]

However, true [[Christian]]s know that [[God]] can make stones fall from the sky if He so chooses, so we should not be surprised at these events. Scientists tell us that between [[Mars]] and [[Jupiter]] lies an enormous cluster of meteors, known as the [[asteroid belt]]. There are several hundred known asteroids, called Apollo asteroids, that are in Earth-crossing orbits.

Strictly speaking, "meteors" are stones that are falling through the sky (aka "fireballs"). When they hit the ground, they become known as "meteorite." However, not many people bother to make this technical distinction. Even some [[textbook]]s get it wrong.

[[Category:Meteorology]]
[[Category: Astronomy]]

Bear

2007-05-13T20:41:28Z

LolaMae:

{{stub}}

A '''bear''' is a large furry mammal. All bears are [[omnivores]], even those which eat a mostly meat diet (polar bears) or a mostly plant diet (pandas). There are eight species of bears:

* [[Polar Bear]] - lives in the Arctic maritime region and hunts (primarily) seals.
* [[Brown Bear]] - also known as the grizzly bear. Subspecies include the [[Kodiak]] bear and the European brown bear. Lives in temperate forested regions of North America, Europe, and Asia.
* [[American Black Bear]] - smaller than the grizzly, and lives in North America. Subspecies include the Kermode bear which lives in British Columbia.
* [[Asian Black Bear]] - lives in Asia.
* [[Panda Bear]] - lives in China and eats a plant diet of bamboo.
* [[Spectacled Bear]] - a small bear which lives in South America.
* [[Sloth Bear]] - lives in South Asia and eats termites.
* [[Sun Bear]] - a small bear which lives in Southeast Asia.

According to conservative television host [[Stephen Colbert]], bears are godless killing machines.

[[Category:Bears| ]]

Meteor

2007-05-13T20:38:19Z

LolaMae:

A '''meteor''' is a kind of stone that falls from the [[sky]]. The ancient [[Greek]]s believed that the stones were [[Zeus]]'s thunderbolts. A famous quote by [[Thomas Jefferson]]:

:"I would sooner believe that two [[Yankee]] [[professor]]s lied, than that stones fell from the sky."[http://www.eridu.co.uk/Author/atlantis/greek.html]

However, true [[Christian]]s know that [[God]] can make stones fall from the sky if He so chooses, so we should not be surprised at these events. Scientists tell us that between [[Mars]] and [[Jupiter]] lies an enormous cluster of meteors, known as the [[asteroid belt]]. It is the [[Earth]]'s passing through this belt and others like it that causes periodic [[meteor shower]]s such as the [[Perseiids]], [[Geminids]], and [[Taurids]].

Strictly speaking, "meteors" are stones that are falling through the sky (aka "fireballs"). When they hit the ground, they become known as "meteorite." However, not many people bother to make this technical distinction. Even some [[textbook]]s get it wrong.

[[Category:Meteorology]]
[[Category: Astronomy]]

Zoo

2007-05-13T20:36:26Z

LolaMae:

A '''zoo''' is a place where animals are kept in cages for their own protection, and for the amusement of [[human]] beings such as ourselves. Some zoos are open-air, and some keep animals in fairly enclosed spaces. A special kind of zoo is the [[petting zoo]], where people and children are allowed to touch and pet the animals. Petting zoos typically include [[llama]]s, [[goat]]s, and [[kangaroo]]s (in [[Australia]]), obviously they cannot include dangerous animals such as [[lions]] and [[tigers]] and [[bears]], or [[jellyfish]].

The most famous zoos in the world are probably the [[San Diego Zoo]], the [[Berlin Zoo]], the [[Woodland Park Zoo]] in [[Seattle]], and the [[National Zoo]] in [[Washington, DC]].

[[Category:Zoos]]

Zoo

2007-05-13T20:36:07Z

LolaMae:

A '''zoo''' is a place where animals are kept in cages for their own protection, and for the amusement of [[human]] [[being]]s such as ourselves. Some zoos are open-air, and some keep animals in fairly enclosed spaces. A special kind of zoo is the [[petting zoo]], where people and children are allowed to touch and pet the animals. Petting zoos typically include [[llama]]s, [[goat]]s, and [[kangaroo]]s (in [[Australia]]), obviously they cannot include dangerous animals such as [[lions]] and [[tigers]] and [[bears]], or [[jellyfish]].

The most famous zoos in the world are probably the [[San Diego Zoo]], the [[Berlin Zoo]], the [[Woodland Park Zoo]] in [[Seattle]], and the [[National Zoo]] in [[Washington, DC]].

[[Category:Zoos]]

Zoo

2007-05-13T20:35:46Z

LolaMae:

A '''zoo''' is a place where animals are kept in cages for their own protection, and for the amusement of [[human]] [[being]]s such as ourselves. Some zoos are open-air, and some keep animals in fairly enclosed spaces. A special kind of zoo is the [[petting zoo]], where people and children are allowed to touch and pet the animals. Petting zoos typically include [[llama]]s, [[goat]]s, and [[kangaroo]]s (in [[Australia]]), obviously they cannot include dangerous animals such as [[lions]] and [[tigers]] and [[bear]]s or [[jellyfish]].

The most famous zoos in the world are probably the [[San Diego Zoo]], the [[Berlin Zoo]], the [[Woodland Park Zoo]] in [[Seattle]], and the [[National Zoo]] in [[Washington, DC]].

[[Category:Zoos]]

Zoo

2007-05-13T20:35:04Z

LolaMae:

A '''zoo''' is a place where animals are kept in cages for their own protection, and for the amusement of [[human]] [[being]]s such as ourselves. Some zoos are open-air, and some keep animals in fairly enclosed spaces. A special kind of zoo is the [[petting zoo]], where people and children are allowed to touch and pet the animals. Petting zoos typically include [[llama]]s, [[goat]]s, and [[kangaroo]]s (in [[Australia]]), obviously they cannot include dangerous animals such as [[bear]]s or [[jellyfish]].

The most famous zoos in the world are probably the [[San Diego Zoo]], the [[Berlin Zoo]], the [[Woodland Park Zoo]] in [[Seattle]], and the [[National Zoo]] in [[Washington, DC]].

[[Category:Zoos]]

Zoo

2007-05-13T20:32:42Z

LolaMae:

A '''zoo''' is a place where animals are kept in cages for their own protection, and for the amusement of [[human]] [[being]]s such as ourselves. Some zoos are open-air, and some keep animals in fairly enclosed spaces. A special kind of zoo is the [[petting zoo]], where people and children are allowed to touch and pet the animals. Petting zoos typically include [[llama]]s, [[goat]]s, and [[kangaroo]]s (in [[Australia]]), obviously they cannot include dangerous animals such as [[bear]]s or [[jellyfish]].

The most famous zoos in the world are probably the [[San Diego Zoo]], the [[Berlin Zoo]], and the [[National Zoo]] in [[Washington, DC]].

[[Category:Zoos]]

Mars

2007-05-13T20:19:21Z

LolaMae:

[[Image:Mars Hubble.jpg|left|thumb|Photo of Mars taken by the [[Hubble Space Telescope]]]]
{{Solarsystem}}
'''Mars''' is the fourth planet from the [[Sun]], after [[Mercury]], [[Venus]], and [[Earth]]. It is called "The Red Planet" because it looks red from Earth.

Mars was known to the antiquities; the Romans even named one of their gods — [[Ares|Mars, the god of war]] — after it. The Romans also knew about Jupiter and Saturn, but it was not until the 17th century that [[William Herschel]] discovered [[Uranus]], and [[Neptune]] and [[Pluto]] took even longer.

Mars has two moons: Phobos and Deimos (which respectively mean "Fear and "Panic" in [[Greek]]). Russian scientists in the 1950s posited that Phobos might be hollow, but these claims were discredited in the late 1960s.

There is a dichotomy on the surface of Mars; the northern hemisphere consists of low-lying volcanic plains, with the southern hemisphere consists of ancient, heavily-cratered highland plains. Mars also has two volcanic regions: Tharsis and Elysium. Within the Tharsis region is the largest volcano in the solar system, [[Olympus Mons]]. Olympus Mons is approximately 500 km across and is about the same size as the state of Arizona. Its peak is 24 km above the surrounding plains and it is surrounded by a vertical scarp 6 km high. A large canyon system, Valles Marineris, is located along the Martian equator east of the Tharsis region. Valles Marineris is 2-6km deep and 200-600km wide and approximately 4,500 km long (approximately the distance from San Francisco to Boston). The eastern part of Valles Marineris appears to have a tectonic origin, but the western part is characterized by features such as teardrop islands and longitudinal grooves, indicating it may have been formed by catastrophic flooding in the past. Such flooding may be possible under current climate conditions. Run-off channels in the cratered highland indicate a thicker atmosphere or warmer climate in the past that would have allowed water to be stable on the surface.

Recent satellite imagery has shown that Mars has a 3 kilometer deep ice cap around its polar regions. The northern polar region is surrounded by dune fields. During the Martian winter, a layer of carbon dioxide condenses at the poles and sublimates in the summer, leaving the water-ice and dust polar caps exposed. The ratio of dust to water-ice contained in the polar caps remains unknown.

[[Image:MarsTopoMap-PIA02031 modest.jpg|left|thumb|300px|Topographic map of Mars.]]

[[Category:Planets]][[Category:Astrology]]

William Shakespeare

2007-05-13T17:09:34Z

LolaMae: /* List of Plays by Shakespeare[http://absoluteshakespeare.com/trivia/bibliography/bibliography.htm] */

[[Image:Foliou.jpg|right|thumb|Portrait of William Shakespeare on the cover of the First Folio (1623), the first collected edition of his plays]]
'''William Shakespeare''' (1564-1616) is regarded as the greatest English-language playwright of all time. Many of his plays are required reading in many U. S. school curricula; those taught in schools often include ''[[Romeo and Juliet]]'', ''[[Macbeth]]'', ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]'' and ''[[Hamlet]]''.

All told, Shakespeare wrote 17 comedies, 10 tragedies, 10 historical plays, and many love [[sonnets]]. All his plays are freely available on the internet.<ref>
http://www-tech.mit.edu/Shakespeare/</ref>

Shakespeare lived in Stratford-upon-Avon and is sometimes called "the bard of Avon." Because of sharing the name "Stratford," the towns of Stratford, Ontario in Canada and Stratford, Connecticut have become the homes of Shakespeare festivals where his plays are performed on a regular basis.

Because Shakespeare was not a member of the upper class and did not become famous until late in his life, historians and biographers don't know very much about his life. There are only a few pictures of him, and nobody is sure how accurate they are.

The idea of an ill-educated (to his contemporaries) person coming among them and making a success was upsetting to the University-educated playwrights of the time. It is believed that the poet, Philip Green, was referring to Shakespeare when he wrote
"There is an upstart crow beautified with our feathers
that, with his '''tiger's heart wrapped in a player's hide'','
supposes he is as well able to bombast out a blank verse
as the best of you; being an absolute Johannes Factotum,
in his conceit the only ''shake-scene'' in a country."

The 'tiger's heart wrapped in a player's hide' is a reference to one of Shakespeare's plays, ''[[Henry the Sixth, part III]]'', <ref> [[Great Books, Shakespeare: I]], Edited by Mortimer J. Adler, 1952. </ref> while 'shake-scene' is a pun or play on words on Shakespeare's name.

His plays seem to show so much education and erudition that there are even theories that they must have been written by someone else, famous candidates being the Earl of Oxford and Sir Francis Bacon. Like Kennedy assassination theories, most scholars do not believe them, but there are enough questions that new books promoting new theories of Shakespearian authorship continue to keep coming out over the years.

A longstanding theatrical superstition holds that it is bad luck to refer to ''Macbeth'' directly by its name, and accordingly, actors traditionally refer to it obliquely as "the Scottish play."

Because Shakespeare's plays are so familiar, there are innumerable references to them in English literature. Sometimes his stories are recast into a different form. Audiences are expected to recognize the musical ''West Side Story'' as a retelling of ''Romeo and Juliet,'' and the classic science-fiction movie ''Forbidden Planet'' as a transformed version of ''The Tempest.'' The motion picture ''Shakespeare in Love,'' which won the 1998 Academy Award as Best Picture is not a history or biography, but is enjoyed for evoking a sense of what Shakespeare's time and place might have been like.

The reverence in which Shakespeare is held, and the language of his plays (which come from the same era as the King James translation of the Bible) should not obscure the fact that his plays were (and still are) fabulously successful commercial entertainment.

He is also famous for his one hundred and fifty-four [[sonnets]], short poems written in a very strict rhyme scheme. The sonnets fall into series or sequences. Most of them are usually read as expressions of romantic or platonic love; some appear to be written to a married woman known in the sonnets as the "Dark Lady," some to a young man known as the "Fair Lord."

In his will, Shakespeare wrote, "I commend my soul into the hands of God, my Creator, hoping and assuredly believing, through the only merits of Jesus Christ, my Saviour, to be made partaker of life everlasting."<ref>http://www.amerisearch.net/index.php?date=2004-04-23&view=View</ref>

His tomb in Holy Trinity Church, Stratford-on-Avon, England, reads as follows:<ref>''Id.''</ref>

:Good Friend For Jesus Sake Forbeare, To Digg The Dust Enclosed Heare. Blese Be Ye Man Spares Thes Stones, And Curst Be He Moves My Bones.

== List of Plays by Shakespeare[http://absoluteshakespeare.com/trivia/bibliography/bibliography.htm] ==

=== Comedies ===
*[[Two Gentlemen of Verona]] (1589)
*[[A Comedy of Errors]] (1589)
*[[The Taming of the Shrew]] (1593)
*[[Love's Labour's Lost]] (1594)
*[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]] (1595)
*[[The Merchant of Venice]] (1596)
*[[The Merry Wives of Windsor]] (1597)
*[[Much Ado About Nothing]] (1598)
*[[As You Like It]] (1599)
*[[Twelfth Night]] (1601)
*[[All's Well That Ends Well]] (1602)
*[[Measure for Measure]] (1603)
*[[Pericles, Prince of Tyre]] (1607)
*[[Cymbeline]] (1609)
*[[A Winter's Tale]] (1609)
*[[The Tempest]] (1610)
*[[The Two Noble Kinsmen]] (1611)

=== Histories ===
*[[King John]] (1590)
*[[Henry VI, Part I]] (1590)
*[[Henry VI, Part II]] (1592)
*[[Henry VI, Part III]] (1593)
*[[Richard III]] (1593)
*[[Richard II]] (1595)
*[[Henry IV, Part I]] (1596)
*[[Henry IV, Part II]] (1597)
*[[Henry V]] (1599)
*[[Henry VIII]] (1613)

=== Tragedies ===
*[[Titus Andronicus]] (1591)
*[[Romeo and Juliet]] (1594)
*[[Julius Caesar]] (1599)
*[[Troilus and Cressida]] (1600)
*[[Hamlet]] (1600)
*[[Othello]] (1603)
*[[Timon of Athens]] (1604)
*[[King Lear]] (1605)
*[[Macbeth]] (1606)
*[[Coriolanus]] (1608)
*[[Antony and Cleopatra]] (1608)

== Trivia ==
"Shakespeare" was spelled many ways before English spelling was standardized. Some of the more unexpected forms are "Shaxper," "Shaxberd," and "Shaksper."<ref>http://shakespeareauthorship.com/name1.html</ref>

== See also ==

*[[Leo Tolstoy]]
*[[Miguel De Cervantes Saavedra]]

==References==
<references/>

-----

[[Category:Authors|Shakespeare, William]]
[[category:poets|Shakespeare, William]]

William Shakespeare

2007-05-13T17:08:48Z

LolaMae: /* List of Plays by Shakespeare */

William Shakespeare

2007-05-13T17:07:50Z

LolaMae: /* List of Plays by Shakespeare */

[[Image:Foliou.jpg|right|thumb|Portrait of William Shakespeare on the cover of the First Folio (1623), the first collected edition of his plays]]
'''William Shakespeare''' (1564-1616) is regarded as the greatest English-language playwright of all time. Many of his plays are required reading in many U. S. school curricula; those taught in schools often include ''[[Romeo and Juliet]]'', ''[[Macbeth]]'', ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]]'' and ''[[Hamlet]]''.

All told, Shakespeare wrote 17 comedies, 10 tragedies, 10 historical plays, and many love [[sonnets]]. All his plays are freely available on the internet.<ref>
http://www-tech.mit.edu/Shakespeare/</ref>

Shakespeare lived in Stratford-upon-Avon and is sometimes called "the bard of Avon." Because of sharing the name "Stratford," the towns of Stratford, Ontario in Canada and Stratford, Connecticut have become the homes of Shakespeare festivals where his plays are performed on a regular basis.

Because Shakespeare was not a member of the upper class and did not become famous until late in his life, historians and biographers don't know very much about his life. There are only a few pictures of him, and nobody is sure how accurate they are.

The idea of an ill-educated (to his contemporaries) person coming among them and making a success was upsetting to the University-educated playwrights of the time. It is believed that the poet, Philip Green, was referring to Shakespeare when he wrote
"There is an upstart crow beautified with our feathers
that, with his '''tiger's heart wrapped in a player's hide'','
supposes he is as well able to bombast out a blank verse
as the best of you; being an absolute Johannes Factotum,
in his conceit the only ''shake-scene'' in a country."

The 'tiger's heart wrapped in a player's hide' is a reference to one of Shakespeare's plays, ''[[Henry the Sixth, part III]]'', <ref> [[Great Books, Shakespeare: I]], Edited by Mortimer J. Adler, 1952. </ref> while 'shake-scene' is a pun or play on words on Shakespeare's name.

His plays seem to show so much education and erudition that there are even theories that they must have been written by someone else, famous candidates being the Earl of Oxford and Sir Francis Bacon. Like Kennedy assassination theories, most scholars do not believe them, but there are enough questions that new books promoting new theories of Shakespearian authorship continue to keep coming out over the years.

A longstanding theatrical superstition holds that it is bad luck to refer to ''Macbeth'' directly by its name, and accordingly, actors traditionally refer to it obliquely as "the Scottish play."

Because Shakespeare's plays are so familiar, there are innumerable references to them in English literature. Sometimes his stories are recast into a different form. Audiences are expected to recognize the musical ''West Side Story'' as a retelling of ''Romeo and Juliet,'' and the classic science-fiction movie ''Forbidden Planet'' as a transformed version of ''The Tempest.'' The motion picture ''Shakespeare in Love,'' which won the 1998 Academy Award as Best Picture is not a history or biography, but is enjoyed for evoking a sense of what Shakespeare's time and place might have been like.

The reverence in which Shakespeare is held, and the language of his plays (which come from the same era as the King James translation of the Bible) should not obscure the fact that his plays were (and still are) fabulously successful commercial entertainment.

He is also famous for his one hundred and fifty-four [[sonnets]], short poems written in a very strict rhyme scheme. The sonnets fall into series or sequences. Most of them are usually read as expressions of romantic or platonic love; some appear to be written to a married woman known in the sonnets as the "Dark Lady," some to a young man known as the "Fair Lord."

In his will, Shakespeare wrote, "I commend my soul into the hands of God, my Creator, hoping and assuredly believing, through the only merits of Jesus Christ, my Saviour, to be made partaker of life everlasting."<ref>http://www.amerisearch.net/index.php?date=2004-04-23&view=View</ref>

His tomb in Holy Trinity Church, Stratford-on-Avon, England, reads as follows:<ref>''Id.''</ref>

:Good Friend For Jesus Sake Forbeare, To Digg The Dust Enclosed Heare. Blese Be Ye Man Spares Thes Stones, And Curst Be He Moves My Bones.

== List of Plays by Shakespeare ==

=== Comedies ===
*[[Two Gentlemen of Verona]] (1589)
*[[A Comedy of Errors]] (1589)
*[[The Taming of the Shrew]] (1593)
*[[Love's Labour's Lost]] (1594)
*[[A Midsummer Night's Dream]] (1595)
*[[The Merchant of Venice]] (1596)
*[[The Merry Wives of Windsor]] (1597)
*[[Much Ado About Nothing]] (1598)
*[[As You Like It]] (1599)
*[[Twelfth Night]] (1601)
*[[All's Well That Ends Well]] (1602)
*[[Measure for Measure]] (1603)
*[[Pericles, Prince of Tyre]] (1607)
*[[Cymbeline]] (1609)
*[[A Winter's Tale]] (1609)
*[[The Tempest]] (1610)
*[[The Two Noble Kinsmen]] (1611)

=== Histories ===
*[[King John]] (1590)
*[[Henry VI, Part I]] (1590)
*[[Henry VI, Part II]] (1592)
*[[Henry VI, Part III]] (1593)
*[[Richard III]] (1593)
*[[Richard II]] (1595)
*[[Henry IV, Part I]] (1596)
*[[Henry IV, Part II]] (1597)
*[[Henry V]] (1599)
*[[Henry VIII]] (1613)

=== Tragedies ===
*[[Titus Andronicus]] (1591)
*[[Romeo and Juliet]] (1594)
*[[Julius Caesar]] (1599)
*[[Troilus and Cressida]] (1600)
*[[Hamlet]] (1600)
*[[Othello]] (1603)
*[[Timon of Athens]] (1604)
*[[King Lear]] (1605)
*[[Macbeth]] (1606)
*[[Coriolanus]] (1608)
*[[Antony and Cleopatra]] (1608)

== Trivia ==
"Shakespeare" was spelled many ways before English spelling was standardized. Some of the more unexpected forms are "Shaxper," "Shaxberd," and "Shaksper."<ref>http://shakespeareauthorship.com/name1.html</ref>

== See also ==

*[[Leo Tolstoy]]
*[[Miguel De Cervantes Saavedra]]

==References==
<references/>

-----

[[Category:Authors|Shakespeare, William]]
[[category:poets|Shakespeare, William]]

Volcano

2007-05-13T16:57:47Z

LolaMae:

A '''volcano''' is a vent of some kind in the earth's crust through which [[magma]] is ejected. The magma frequently builds up in layers, resulting in the formation of mountains. Different types of magma produce different kinds of structures. Hot basaltic [[lava]], which has low viscosity, tends to produce flat shield volcanoes because it can flow long distances before cooling. [[Andesite]] and [[dacite]] lava generally produce cones, like those seen in the cases of [[Mt. Fuji]] and [[Mt. Rainier]], because the higher viscosity lava flows build up more dramatically near the vent

[[Category:Geology]]

Volcano

2007-05-13T16:56:01Z

LolaMae:

A volcano is a vent of some kind in the earth's crust through which [[magma]] is ejected. The magma frequently builds up in layers, resulting in the formation of mountains. Different types of magma produce different kinds of structures. Hot basaltic [[lava]], which has low viscosity, tends to produce flat shield volcanoes because it can flow long distances before cooling. [[Andesite]] and [[dacite]] lava generally produce cones, like those seen in the cases of [[Mt. Fuji]] and [[Mt. Rainier]], because the higher viscosity lava flows build up more dramatically near the vent

[[Category:Geology]]

Volcano

2007-05-13T16:55:36Z

LolaMae:

Volcano

2007-05-13T16:55:20Z

LolaMae:

Volcano

2007-05-13T16:54:55Z

LolaMae:

Volcano

2007-05-13T16:53:32Z

LolaMae:

A volcano is a vent of some kind in the earth's crust through which magma is ejected. The magma frequently builds up in layers, resulting in the formation of mountains. Different types of magma produce different kinds of structures. Hot basaltic lava, which has low viscosity, tends to produce flat shield volcanoes because it can flow long distances before cooling. Andesite and dacite lava generally produce cones, like those seen in the cases of [[Mt. Fuji]] and [[Mt. Rainier]], because the higher viscosity lava flows build up more dramatically near the vent

Lava

2007-05-13T16:53:02Z

LolaMae:

'''Lava''' is molten rock from the [[Earth|Earth's]] [[mantle]]. Lavas differ in chemical composition, but most forms of lava average 3000-4000 degrees [[Fahrenheit]]. Lavas are classified into the following categories based on their chemical composition: [[Basalt]] (Hawaiian volcanoes), [[Andesite]] ([[Andes]] mountains), [[Dacite]] ([[Mt. St. Helens]]), or [[Rhyolite]] ([[Yellowstone]] Caldera).

[[category:geology]]

Volcano

2007-05-13T16:45:04Z

LolaMae: New page: A volcano is a vent of some kind in the earth's crust through which magma is ejected. The magma frequently builds up in layers, resulting in the formation of mountains. Different types o...

A volcano is a vent of some kind in the earth's crust through which magma is ejected. The magma frequently builds up in layers, resulting in the formation of mountains. Different types of magma produce different kinds of structures. Hot basaltic lava, which has low viscosity, tends to produce flat shield volcanoes because it can flow long distances before cooling. Andesite and dacite lava generally produce cones, like those seen in the cases of [[Mt. Fuji]] and [[Mt. Ranier]], because the higher viscosity lava flows build up more dramatically near the vent

Mount Rainier

2007-05-13T16:44:32Z

LolaMae:

'''Mt. Rainier''' is an active [[volcano]] located in [[Washington]] state approximately 50 miles southwest of [[Seattle]]. Mt. Rainier is a prominent feature of the Seattle skyline, and locals refer to it as "The Mountain". With an elevation of 14,410 feet at the peak, Mt. Rainier is the tallest mountain in the [[Cascade range]], and is topped by twenty-six [[glaciers]]. The mountain poses hazard to those living in the nearby river valleys due its history of both eruptive and non-eruptive [[lahars]] (mudflows) [http://www.nps.gov/mora/]

[[Categories: Washington]]

Mount Rainier

2007-05-13T16:43:29Z

LolaMae:

Mount Rainier

2007-05-13T16:42:30Z

LolaMae: New page: '''Mt. Rainier''' is an active volcano located in Washington state approximately 50 miles southwest of Seattle. Mt. Rainier is a prominent feature of the Seattle skyline, and l...

Rocks

2007-05-13T16:36:01Z

LolaMae:

Rocks, also referred to as Rock (singular English) are hard, but somewhat brittle molecular objects containg crystals of one or more minerals. There are many varieties of rocks including basalt and conglomerate, but many simply know them as rocks.

Rocks are classifed as one of three types: sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic. [[Sedimentary rocks]] (for instance, conglomerate, sandstone, shale, and limestone) are formed when particles such as sand, clay, or shells are deposited, compacted, and buried. [[Igneous rocks]] (basalt, andesite, dacite, rhyolite) are formed when magma is extruded by a [[volcano]] or at spreading undersea ridges such as the [[Mid-Atlantic Ridge]]. [[Obsidian]], though formed from magma, is not technically a rock because it lacks crystal structure; it is, in fact, a natural glass. [[Metamorphic rocks]] (marble, slate) are formed when igneous or sedimentary rocks are buried and subjected to sufficient heat and pressure.

The study of rocks is referred to as [[geology]], not to be confused with [[geometry]] or [[geography]]. These folks study the crystalline structures of rocks.

There are many types of rocks other than geological rocks that are found in the ground. These include candy rocks, a form of hard sugar crystal; crack rocks, an addictive substance derived from cocaine; and Hot Rocks, a Rolling Stones CD.

Frodo Baggins

2007-05-13T16:29:52Z

LolaMae:

'''Frodo Baggins''' is a primary character in [[ Lord of the Rings ]]. He is a hobbit in [[J.R.R. Tolkien]]'s world of Middle-Earth and the son of Drogo Baggins and Primula Brandybuck, who both drowned in a boating accident. He was adopted by [[Bilbo Baggins]], because Bilbo said, "we can celebrate out birthday-parties comfortably together." They were both born on the same day. He aquires the One Ring from his Uncle Bilbo and begins an epic journey to [[Mordor]]. In Tolkien's timeline he lived from 2968 to 3021 of the third age of Middle-earth. <ref>[[The Return of the King]] by J.R.R. Tolkien, Houghton Mifflin Company, 1954.</ref>

{{spoiler}}

While staying in The Prancing Pony, he meets [[Strider]] (Aragorn) who helps him get to Rivendell. During his stay at Rivendell the Council of Elrond is held and it is decided to take the ring to [[Mt. Doom]] in Mordor, the only place the One Ring can be destroyed. After the of the Fellowship of the Ring is established, the nine companians set out for Mordor. However, on the slope of Amon Hen, the Fellowship is ambushed by Uruk-Hai sent from Isengard. Frodo and his best friend [[Samwise Gamgee]] escape in an elven boat and set off from Mordor. Along they way they meet [[Gollum]], former bearer of the One Ring. The ring had corrupted Gollum, and he searched for ever since Bilbo Baggins took it from him.

Frodo and Sam force Gollum to be their guide, since he has been to Mordor before. However, he leads them to Shelob's lair, where Sam and Frodo have to confront the great spider. After Frodo is put in a web, Sam is able to scare the spider off. Then Frodo is captured by orcs, who take everything he has. Luckily, Sam was able to get the ring before the orcs captured Frodo. Sam saved Frodo from the orcs and the two continued their journey. They had to hide from a great army of orcs going to the Black Gate of Mordor and then Frodo and Sam went to Mt. Doom. On the slopes pf the mountain Gollum attacked Frodo and Sam. Sam knocked him out, and continued up Mt. Doom. When they reached the top Frodo proclaimed the ring was his and didn't want to destroy it. Then, Frodo put on the ring, which turns the wearer invisible, to sneak past Sam. At that moment Gollum jumped on the invisible Frodo and bit Frodo's ring finger off in order to get the ring. Then, Gollum stumbled into the lava of Mt.Doom. The the great mountain began to fall apart, along with the rest of Mordor, trapping Frodo and Sam on a rock surrounded by lava. They were rescued by giant eagles sent by [[Gandalf]] the Wizard.

The four hobbits of the Fellowship of the Ring, Frodo, Sam, [[Merry]], and [[Pippen]], returned home to the Shire. They saved their home from the rule of the evil Saruman and Lotho Sackville-Baggins. After a few years passed in peace, Frodo and Bilbo sailed over the sea wih the elves.

<references/>

[[Category:Middle-Earth]]

Rocks

2007-05-13T16:29:35Z

LolaMae:

Rocks, also referred to as Rock (singular English) are hard, but somewhat brittle molecular objects containg crystals of one or more minerals. There are many varieties of rocks including basalt and conglomerate, but many simply know them as rocks.

Rocks are classifed as one of three types: sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic. Sedimentary rocks (for instance, sandstone, shale, and limestone) are formed when particles such as sand, clay, or shells are deposited, compacted, and buried. Igneous rocks (basalt, andesite, dacite, rhyolite) are formed from magma extruded by volcanoes or at spreading undersea ridges. Obsidian, though formed from magma, is not technically a rock because it lacks crystal structure; it is, in fact, a natural glass. Metamorphic rocks (marble, slate) are formed when igneous or sedimentary rocks are buried and subjected to sufficient heat and pressure.

The study of rocks is referred to as [[geology]], not to be confused with [[geometry]] or [[geography]]. These folks study the crystalline structures of rocks.

There are many types of rocks other than geological rocks that are found in the ground. These include candy rocks, a form of hard sugar crystal; crack rocks, an addictive substance derived from cocaine; and Hot Rocks, a Rolling Stones CD.

Catalonia

2007-05-13T16:22:29Z

LolaMae:

A self-governing province of north-western [[Spain]] that includes the Balearic Islands. The administrative capital is [[Barcelona]]. Catalonia is based on the medieval kingdom of Aragon that merged into a united Spain on the marriage of Ferdinand and Isabella.

Brief independence during the Civil War of 1936-39 was ended by the victory of General Franco in 1939. Barcelona during the Civil War is notably described in George Orwell's memoir 'Catalan Days'.

The Balearic Islands are an island group in the [[Mediterannean]] sea. Part of Spain. The main islands are Mallorca, Menorca, and Ibiza.

[[Category: Spain]]

Catalonia

2007-05-13T16:22:21Z

LolaMae:

Europe

2007-05-13T16:21:16Z

LolaMae:

[[Image:Europe_Map.gif|thumb|300 px|Europe is shown here in green]]

Europe comprises a large peninsula at the west of the Eurasian land mass.

It stretches from the [[Ural]] Mountains in [[Siberia]] on the east, to the western coast of Spain and Portugal. The islands of [[Great Britain]], [[Ireland]] and [[Iceland]] are also considered to be part of Europe. It is bounded to the north by the [[Arctic]] Ocean, and to the south by the [[Mediterranean]] Sea.

It is home to more than 10% of the worlds population (Around 600,000,000) yet covers only 2% of the land.
Europe is geographically and culturally very diverse.

The [[European Union]] comprises 27 separate states and has the highest GDP of any political entity in the world.

Major countries include [[France]], [[Germany]], [[Spain]], [[Italy]], [[Russia]], [[Ukraine]], and the [[United Kingdom]].

== History ==

[[World War I]] and [[World War II]] started in Europe, and large battles took place in Europe. During the [[Cold War]] Europe was split into a democratic western part and communist eastern part. [[European integration]] has been a theme in European relations since the Cold War ended, see the [[European Union]].

[[France]] and [[Germany]] refused to take part in the Iraqi War{{fact}}, while some European states, notably the [[United Kingdom]], did. [[Austria]] refused to let coalition troops pass through its airspace.{{fact}}

[[Category:Continents]]
[[Category:European Countries ]]

Rocks

2007-05-13T16:20:53Z

LolaMae:

Rocks, also referred to as Rock (singular English) are hard, but somewhat brittle molecular objects including crystals of one or more minerals. There are many variations including Basalt and Obsidian, but many simply know them as rocks.

Generally, the study of rocks is referred to as geology, not to be confused with geometry or geography. These folks study the crystalline structures of rocks.

There are many types of rocks other than geological rocks that are found in the ground. These include candy rocks, a form of hard sugar crystal; crack rocks, an addictive substance derived from cocaine; and Hot Rocks, a Rolling Stones CD.

Numbers

2007-05-13T15:55:01Z

LolaMae:

A number is an abstract concept used for counting or measuring. There are many kinds of numbers: [[prime numbers]], [[composite numbers]], [[rational numbers]], [[real numbers]], [[imaginary numbers]], [[complex numbers]], and [[transcendental numbers]]. These beliefs and belief in [[numerology]] is generally not considered compatible with [[Christian]] beliefs.

Numbers is also a book of the [[Bible]]. It is the fourth book.
[[category:mathematics]]

Rocks

2007-05-13T06:22:02Z

LolaMae:

Rocks, also referred to as Rock (singular english) are hard, but somewhat brittle molecular objects. There are many variations including Basalt and Obsidian, but many simply know them as rocks.

Generally, people who study rocks are referred to as geologists, not to be confused with geometry or geography. These folks study the crystalline structures of rocks.

There are many types of rocks other than geological rocks that are often found in the ground. For instance, Candy rocks, a form of hard sugar crystal; crack rocks, an addictive substance derived from cocaine; and Hot Rocks, a Rolling Stones CD.

Physics

2007-05-13T06:16:01Z

LolaMae:

{{stub}}
'''Physics''' is the study of nature, and is the science of studying the laws of the universe. [[Galileo]] was the first to discover and propose some of the fundamental laws of physics that we still realize today. He began by studying how a ball rolled down an incline and showed that its speed would be proportional to the height it started at. A scientist that studies ''physics'' is called a [[physicist]].

Other famous physicists include [[Aristotle]], [[Tycho Brahe]], [[Johannes Kepler]], [[Carl Gauss]], [[Isaac Newton]], [[James Maxwell]], [[Erwin Schroedinger]], [[Ernest Rutherford]], [[Werner Heisenberg]], [[Niels Bohr]], [[Albert Einstein]], [[J. Robert Oppenheimer]], [[Enrico Fermi]], [[Richard Feynman]], [[Joseph Taylor]], [[Lyman Page]], [[Leon Cooper]], and [[James Valles, Jr.]]

[[Category:Physics| ]]

James Valles, Jr.

2007-05-13T06:15:08Z

LolaMae:

James Valles, Jr. does research in experimental condensed matter physics, in the areas of: superconductivity; electron correlation effects in disordered metals and nanostructures; and in using magnetic fields as a new tool for cell biology and biopolymerization.
Biography

Professor Valles joined the faculty at Brown University in 1992. Prior to this he was an Assistant Professor of Physics at the University of Oregon from 1989 to 1992 and a postdoctoral member of the technical staff at AT&T Bell Laboratories from 1987 to 1989. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Massachusetts in 1988 and his Bachelor of Arts from Dartmouth College in 1981. He is the recipient of an Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Fellowship.
Interests

Valles' group performs research in two distinct areas: low temperature condensed matter physics and biological physics.

The condensed matter physics research focuses on uncovering and exploring the properties of the possible phases, such as superconducting, insulating, or magnetic, that metals assume at very low temperatures. Which phase emerges in a given system can be determined by a subtle interplay of its geometry, its microscopic structure and whether or not it is in a magnetic field. Most recently, Valles has focused on films of metals that are so thin that they exhibit two dimensional properties. Some of these come with their own nanostructure, while others are patterned with features on the scale of nanometers. The specific topics that this research addresses are the two dimensional superconductor to insulator and superconductor to metal transitions, localization phenomena, proximity effects in mesoscopic systems, and the physics of thin film growth on low temperature and nanostructured substrates.

Biological physics work in the Valles lab has been directed at developing the use of intense, static magnetic fields as a means of manipulating biological systems. They have shown that cell division in frog eggs, the swimming of microorganisms, and biopolymerization phenomena can be modified and investigated with static magnetic fields.
Awards

1981 Magna Cum Laude, Dartmouth College
1982-84 Graduate Fellow, University of Massachusetts
1986-87 IBM Graduate Fellow
1990-92 Alfred P. Sloan Fellow
1993 Elected to Sigma Xi
Affiliations

American Physical Society Member
American Association for the Advancement of Science Member
Funded Research

1990-92 Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Fellowship

1991-94 National Science Foundation, "Electron Tunneling Studies of Ultrathin Normal Metal Films"

1991-94 Office of Naval Research, "Electron Tunneling Studies of Ultrathin Films Near the Metal Insulator Transition"

1995-98 Office of Naval Research, "Ballistic Electron-Emission Microscopy Studies of High Tc Superconductor Normal Metal Interfaces"

1995-98 National Science Foundation, "Ultra Low Temperature Transport and Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies of Quench Condensed Films"

1997-98 - Salomon Faculty Research Award with Professor K. Mowry -

1998-00 – National Science Foundation, "Tunneling and Transport Studies of Ultrathin Films of Metals and Superconductors"

1999-00 – National Science Foundation, "Manipulation of Cell Division with Static Magnetic Fields"

2002-04 – National Science Foundation, "Quantum Phase Transitions in Nanostructured Superconductors in 2D"

2001-05- NASA, "Magnetic Field Gradient Levitation System for Physics and Biophysics"

2004-2007 NASA, "Microscopic Studies of Gravi-Sensitive Microtubule Assembly in Simulated Variable Gravity Conditions", co-PI with Professor Jay Tang

2005 Jet Propulsion Laboratory "Investigations of the Adaptation of Euglena to Changes in a Simulated Gravity Environment"

2006-2009 National Science Foundation, "Vortices and Quasiparticles in Superconducting Films in Small Order Parameter Amplitude Limit" [http://www.brown.edu/Departments/Physics/people/facultypage.php?id=1106969921]

James Valles, Jr.

2007-05-13T06:14:28Z

LolaMae: New page: Professor Valles does research in experimental condensed matter physics, in the areas of: superconductivity; electron correlation effects in disordered metals and nanostructures; and in us...

Professor Valles does research in experimental condensed matter physics, in the areas of: superconductivity; electron correlation effects in disordered metals and nanostructures; and in using magnetic fields as a new tool for cell biology and biopolymerization.
Biography

Professor Valles joined the faculty at Brown in 1992. Prior to this he was an Assistant Professor of Physics at the University of Oregon from 1989 to 1992 and a postdoctoral member of the technical staff at AT&T Bell Laboratories from 1987 to 1989. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Massachusetts in 1988 and his Bachelor of Arts from Dartmouth College in 1981. He is the recipient of an Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Fellowship.
Interests

Valles' group performs research in two distinct areas: low temperature condensed matter physics and biological physics.

The condensed matter physics research focuses on uncovering and exploring the properties of the possible phases, such as superconducting, insulating, or magnetic, that metals assume at very low temperatures. Which phase emerges in a given system can be determined by a subtle interplay of its geometry, its microscopic structure and whether or not it is in a magnetic field. Most recently, Valles has focused on films of metals that are so thin that they exhibit two dimensional properties. Some of these come with their own nanostructure, while others are patterned with features on the scale of nanometers. The specific topics that this research addresses are the two dimensional superconductor to insulator and superconductor to metal transitions, localization phenomena, proximity effects in mesoscopic systems, and the physics of thin film growth on low temperature and nanostructured substrates.

Biological physics work in the Valles lab has been directed at developing the use of intense, static magnetic fields as a means of manipulating biological systems. They have shown that cell division in frog eggs, the swimming of microorganisms, and biopolymerization phenomena can be modified and investigated with static magnetic fields.
Awards

1981 Magna Cum Laude, Dartmouth College
1982-84 Graduate Fellow, University of Massachusetts
1986-87 IBM Graduate Fellow
1990-92 Alfred P. Sloan Fellow
1993 Elected to Sigma Xi
Affiliations

American Physical Society Member
American Association for the Advancement of Science Member
Funded Research

1990-92 Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Fellowship

1991-94 National Science Foundation, "Electron Tunneling Studies of Ultrathin Normal Metal Films"

1991-94 Office of Naval Research, "Electron Tunneling Studies of Ultrathin Films Near the Metal Insulator Transition"

1995-98 Office of Naval Research, "Ballistic Electron-Emission Microscopy Studies of High Tc Superconductor Normal Metal Interfaces"

1995-98 National Science Foundation, "Ultra Low Temperature Transport and Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies of Quench Condensed Films"

1997-98 - Salomon Faculty Research Award with Professor K. Mowry -

1998-00 – National Science Foundation, "Tunneling and Transport Studies of Ultrathin Films of Metals and Superconductors"

1999-00 – National Science Foundation, "Manipulation of Cell Division with Static Magnetic Fields"

2002-04 – National Science Foundation, "Quantum Phase Transitions in Nanostructured Superconductors in 2D"

2001-05- NASA, "Magnetic Field Gradient Levitation System for Physics and Biophysics"

2004-2007 NASA, "Microscopic Studies of Gravi-Sensitive Microtubule Assembly in Simulated Variable Gravity Conditions", co-PI with Professor Jay Tang

2005 Jet Propulsion Laboratory "Investigations of the Adaptation of Euglena to Changes in a Simulated Gravity Environment"

2006-2009 National Science Foundation, "Vortices and Quasiparticles in Superconducting Films in Small Order Parameter Amplitude Limit" [http://www.brown.edu/Departments/Physics/people/facultypage.php?id=1106969921]

Physics

2007-05-13T06:10:59Z

LolaMae:

{{stub}}
'''Physics''' is the study of nature, and is the science of studying the laws of the universe. [[Galileo]] was the first to discover and propose some of the fundamental laws of physics that we still realize today. He began by studying how a ball rolled down an incline and showed that its speed would be proportional to the height it started at. A scientist that studies ''physics'' is called a [[physicist]].

Other famous physicists include [[Aristotle]], [[Tycho Brahe]], [[Johannes Kepler]], [[Carl Gauss]], [[Isaac Newton]], [[James Maxwell]], [[Erwin Schroedinger]], [[Ernest Rutherford]], [[Werner Heisenberg]], [[Niels Bohr]], [[Albert Einstein]], [[J. Robert Oppenheimer]], [[Enrico Fermi]], [[Richard P. Feynman]], [[Joseph Taylor]], [[Lyman Page]], [[Leon Cooper]], and [[James Valles, Jr.]]

[[Category:Physics| ]]

Purple state

2007-05-13T05:57:00Z

LolaMae: /* References */

{{stub}}

Purple state is a term gaining popularity in the US media referring to "battleground" states in United States Presidential elections. These states are the ones that candidates expend disproportionate resources in. Examples of "purple" states include: Pennsylvania, Ohio, Colorado, Iowa, Wisconsin, and New Hampshire.{{fact}}

== References ==
* [http://www.princeton.edu/~rvdb/JAVA/election2004/ Purple states of America] - a county by county breakdown of presidential elections since 1960.

Numbers

2007-05-13T05:54:39Z

LolaMae:

A number is an abstract concept used for counting or measuring. There are many kinds of numbers: [[prime numbers]], [[composite numbers]], [[rational numbers]], [[real numbers]], [[imaginary numbers]], [[complex numbers]], [[transcendental numbers]], and smokin' hot numbers (for instance, pi). Belief in [[numerology]] is generally not considered compatible with [[Christian]] beliefs.

Numbers is also a book of the [[Bible]]. It is the fourth book.
[[category:mathematics]]

Cool numbers: 4 8 15 16 23 42