Conservapedia - User contributions [en]

Melania Trump

2022-08-10T07:08:22Z

Kitanishimankodesu: Copyedits

{{Officeholder
|name=Melania Trump
|image=Melania Trump Official Portrait.jpg
|party=[[Republican]]
|spouse=[[Donald J. Trump]]
|religion=[[Roman Catholic]]
|offices=
{{Officeholder/misc
|office=[[First Lady of the United States]]
|terms=January 20, 2017 – present (Disputed from 20th January, 2021)
|preceded=[[Michelle Obama]]
|former=n
|succeeded= [[Jill Biden]] (Disputed)
}}
}}

'''Melania Trump''' (née '''Melanija Knavs'''; b. April 26, 1970) was [[First Lady]] of the [[United States]] as the wife of [[Donald Trump]]. Unlike prior First Ladies who have moved to [[D.C.]], Mrs. Trump put raising her child first and remained at her residence in [[New York City]] so that her son [[Barron Trump]] could finish his school year without changing schools midyear to one in Washington, D.C.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2016/11/20/melania-barron-trump-to-remain-in-nyc-until-end-school-year.html|title=Melania, Barron Trump to remain in NYC until end of school year|date=November 20, 2016|work=Fox News|accessdate=February 15, 2017}}</ref> On International Women's Day in March 2017, Melania Trump rejected [[feminist]] ideology by wearing black rather than the solidarity red, and by giving a speech that criticized the mindless equality of [[communism]] and instead emphasizing equal ''opportunity''.

First Lady Melania Trump made history by reciting [[The Lord's Prayer]] in front of a massive rally for her and President Trump in Melbourne, Florida, on February 18, 2017.

Born in Slovenia, then part of Yugoslavia, Trump became a permanent resident of the United States in 2001 and a citizen in 2006. She is the second foreign-born First Lady of the United States, following [[Louisa Adams]] in 1825. Trump attended college for one year in Slovenia and has worked as a fashion model.

Melania Trump met her future husband, Donald Trump at a Fashion Week party in New York City in September 1998. After becoming engaged in 2004, Donald and Melania were married in an Anglican service on January 22, 2005, at The Episcopal Church of Bethesda-by-the-Sea in Palm Beach, Florida.

Melania Trump is a practicing Roman Catholic and is the first Roman Catholic to live in the White House since [[John F. Kennedy]].<ref>Williams, Thomas D. (May 25, 2017). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2017/05/25/melania-trump-is-first-catholic-to-live-in-white-house-since-jfk/ Melania Trump Is First Catholic to Live in White House Since JFK]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 25, 2017.</ref>

Following far-left Democrat efforts to [[defund the police]], Melania Trump made a surprise visit to police officers, firefighters, and first responders in [[Washington, D.C.]] by delivering lunch for them.<ref>[https://www.westernjournal.com/dems-push-defund-police-melania-trump-delivers-lunch-dc-first-responders/ As Dems Push To Defund Police, Melania Trump Delivers Lunch to DC First Responders]</ref>

Melania and Donald Trump tested positive for the [[coronavirus]] in early October 2020.<ref>Multiple references:
*[https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2020/10/01/president-donald-trump-first-lady-melania-trump-test-positive-for-coronavirus/ President Donald Trump, First Lady Melania Trump Test Positive for Coronavirus]
*[https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/519282-president-trump-melania-trump-test-positive-for-covid-19 President Trump, Melania Trump test positive for COVID-19]
*[https://townhall.com/tipsheet/katiepavlich/2020/10/02/breaking-president-trump-and-first-lady-test-positive-for-wuhancoronavirus-n2577338 BREAKING: President Trump and First Lady Test Positive for Wuhan Coronavirus]
*[https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/trump-first-lady-test-positive-covid-19-n1241769 Trump, first lady test positive for Covid-19]</ref>

==Controversies==
On July 18, 2016, Melania Trump gave a spectacular presentation to the 2016 Republican National Convention, which even critics of Trump widely praised. But [[liberals]] found a similarity—unbeknownst to Melania—in merely one paragraph of the speech to a paragraph given by [[Michelle Obama]]'s speech at the [[2008 Democratic National Convention]].<ref name="Plagiarism allegations">{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/republican-national-convention-scrutiny-of-melania-trumps-speech-follows-plagiarism-allegations/2016/07/19/3efc4208-4da4-11e6-a7d8-13d06b37f256_story.html |title=Scrutiny of Melania Trump's speech follows plagiarism allegations |first1=Karen |last1=Tumulty |authorlink1=Karen Tumulty |first2=Robert |last2=Costa |authorlink2=Robert Costa (journalist) |first3=Jose |last3=Del Real |date=July 19, 2016 |work=The Washington Post |accessdate=February 15, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2016/07/19/melania-trumps-speech-appears-to-have-cribbed-from-michelle-obamas-in-2008 |title=Melania Trump's speech appears to have cribbed from Michelle Obama's in 2008 |first=Philip |last=Bump |date=July 19, 2016 |work=The Washington Post |accessdate=February 15, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/20/us/politics/melania-trump-speech.html |title=Melania Trump's Speech Bears Striking Similarities to Michelle Obama's in 2008 |first1=Maggie |last1=Haberman |authorlink1=Maggie Haberman |first2=Alan |last2=Rappeport |first3=Patrick |last3=Healy |date=July 19, 2016 |work=The New York Times |accessdate=February 15, 2017}}</ref> When asked, Trump explained that she wrote the speech herself "with as little help as possible."<ref>{{cite news|last=Stump |first=Scott |title=Melania Trump On Convention Speech: 'I Wrote It with as Little Help as Possible' |date=July 19, 2016 |work=[[Today (U.S. TV program)|Today]] |url=http://www.today.com/news/melania-trump-convention-speech-i-wrote-it-little-help-possible-t100942 |archiveurl=https://archive.is/20160719230603/http://www.today.com/news/melania-trump-convention-speech-i-wrote-it-little-help-possible-t100942 |archivedate=July 19, 2016 |dead-url=no |df=mdy }}</ref> Two days later, Trump staff writer Meredith McIver took responsibility and apologized for the "confusion".<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sullivan |first1=Sean |last2=Stanley-Becker |first2=Issac |title=Cruz Doesn't Endorse Trump in Convention Speech, Prompting Boos and Drama |date=July 20, 2016 |work=[[The Washington Post]] |department=Politics |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/as-trump-captures-gop-nomination-former-rivals-prepare-to-take-the-stage/2016/07/20/13e5c4c0-4e23-11e6-a422-83ab49ed5e6a_story.html |accessdate=February 15, 2017}}</ref> The public was unimpressed by the [[lamestream media]] emphasis on this story.

The bias by the [[liberal media]] against Melania has been unfair, and sometimes harsh.<ref>Moons, Michelle (January 1, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2019/01/01/top-10-media-hating-on-melania-trump-moments-of-2018/ Top 10 Media Hating on Melania Trump Moments of 2018]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved January 1, 2019.</ref> For example, in February 2017, ''New York Times'' reporter Jacob Bernstein (son of Watergate reporter Carl Bernstein) referred to Trump as a "h***er" in a private conversation that the other party to the conversation then sent out in a tweet. In response, Bernstein apologized for spreading an unfounded rumor, and the New York Times reprimanded him.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/people/2017/02/14/nyt-reporter-jacob-bernstein-takes-ownership-stupid-melania-remark/97900138/|title='NYT' reporter Jacob Bernstein 'takes ownership' of 'stupid' Melania remark|work=USA Today|date=February 14, 2017|accessdate=February 15, 2017}}</ref> The media was very biased against Melania Trump, especially compared to [[Michelle Obama]].<ref>Rogan, Tom (July 13, 2017). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/a-tale-of-two-first-ladies-and-troubling-media-bias/article/2628599 A tale of two first ladies and troubling media bias]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved July 13, 2017.</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Trump, Melania}}
[[Category:First Ladies]]
[[Category:Donald Trump]]
[[Category:Catholics]]
[[Category:Slovenia]]
[[Category:Models]]

Mike Pence

2022-08-10T07:03:21Z

Kitanishimankodesu: Copyediting

{{Officeholder
|name=Mike Pence
|image=Mike Pence official vice presidential photo.jpg
|party=[[Republican]]
|spouse=Karen Pence
|religion=[[Evangelical Christian]]
|offices=
{{Officeholder/vice president
|country=the United States
|number=48th
|terms=January 20, 2017 – January 20, 2021
|president=[[Donald Trump]]
|preceded=[[Joe Biden]]
|former=n
|succeeded=[[Kamala Harris]]
}}
{{Officeholder/governor
|state=Indiana
|terms=January 14, 2013 – January 9, 2017
|preceded=[[Mitch Daniels]]
|succeeded=[[Eric Holcomb]]
}}
{{Officeholder/representative
|state=Indiana
|district=6th
|terms=January 3, 2003 – January 3, 2013
|preceded=Dan Burton
|succeeded=Luke Messer
}}
{{Officeholder/representative
|state=Indiana
|district=2nd
|terms=January 3, 2001 – January 3, 2003
|preceded=David McIntosh
|succeeded=Chris Chocola
}}
}}
'''Michael Richard "Mike" Pence''' (born June 7, 1959)<ref name="Bio">[http://www.biography.com/people/mike-pence-071416 Mike Pence]. ''Biography.com''. Retrieved October 4, 2016.</ref> is the former [[establishment]] [[Republican]] [[Vice President]] of the [[United States]] and a former Governor of [[Indiana]]. He also has been a [[conservative talk radio]] host and an attorney. Pence holds several [[Globalism|globalist]] and [[neoconservative]] positions, and has been repudiated by [[Donald Trump]]. In 2018, for purely self-interested purposes, Pence interfered with [[Trump]]'s plan to nominate a [[pro-life]] judge to the [[Seventh Circuit]], and now [[pro-abort]] [[Biden]] will fill that vacancy left by [[Ronald Reagan|Reagan]] Judge Michael Kanne's death.<ref name="P">https://www.politico.com/story/2019/07/12/mike-pence-kanne-judge-trump-1411915</ref> Five sources confirmed Pence's interference.<ref name="P"/>

Pence's tenure as Vice President was the subject of much controversy among both liberals and conservatives alike. He was frequently accused of being involved in numerous subversive acts which undermined President Trump's agenda, especially on foreign policy. He also detracted from his own re-election ticket in 2020, avoided efforts to contest the 2020 election results in several states where irregularities were reported, and yet publicly attended [[Joe Biden]]'s inauguration.<ref>https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/534835-pence-other-gop-officials-expected-to-skip-trump-send-off</ref> Thirteen months later, Pence defended his actions at a [[Koch network]]-sponsored event. Given these events, it is a certainty that Trump will not select Pence as his running mate should Trump be the Republican nominee in 2024.

Prior to being governor and vice-president, Pence was one of the more conservative members of [[Congress]], serving in the U.S. Representative from [[Indiana]]'s 6th congressional district. In the 111th Congress, he served as Chairman of the House Republican Conference. Pence has also been a member of the House Foreign Affairs Committee.

==Early life==
Pence was born in Columbus, Indiana on June 7, 1959 to an Irish-Catholic family.<ref name="Bio"/><ref name="Eason10things"/> He was one of six children, and his father was a [[U.S. Army]] veteran and gas station-chain owner.<ref name="Bio"/><ref name="Eason10things"/>

Early in his life, Pence was strongly aligned with the [[Democratic Party (USA)|Democratic Party]] and was a Roman Catholic.<ref name="Bio"/><ref name="Eason10things"/> He volunteered for the party while in high school, and he voted for [[Jimmy Carter]] in 1980.<ref name="Bio"/> When Pence was in college he became a born-again Christian through his future wife, Karen.<ref name="Eason10things"/> After his conversion, his views shifted towards the right, and after the election of [[Ronald Reagan]] as president, Pence became a Republican as he was inspired by Reagan's policies.<ref name="Bio"/><ref name="Eason10things"/><ref>Graham, Jordan (September 8, 2016). [https://www.ocregister.com/articles/nominee-728408-tells-pence.html Mike Pence explains how Ronald Reagan made him a Republican]. ''The Orange County Register''. Retrieved September 18, 2016.</ref>

Pence graduated from Hanover College in 1981 with a B.A. in history, and he earned a Juris Doctor degree from Indiana University School of Law in 1986.<ref name="Bio"/>

==Early career==
After graduation, Pence became a practicing attorney and started to get involved in politics, first "becoming a precinct committeeman for the Marion County Republican Party."<ref name="Bio"/> He unsuccessfully ran for [[United States Congress|Congress]] in 1988 and 1990, but "learned a valuable lesson in defeat" and "vowed to preach a positive message" after becoming disgusted by his negative attack ads.<ref name="Bio"/>

Pence served as the president of the Indiana Policy Review Foundation from 1991 to 1993.<ref name="Bio"/> In 1994, he launched his own [[conservative talk radio]] show, and the next year he became a morning show host on television.<ref name="Bio"/> Pence discontinued both programs in 1999,<ref name="Bio"/> presumably in preparation for another run for Congress.

In October 2009 Pence defended conservative talk radio, saying:

<blockquote>
''"To suggest that men and women that are taking a stand for fiscal discipline and traditional values in the national debate today only speak for ‘grassroots activists’ is absurd. As evidenced by the hundreds of thousands that filled town hall meetings this summer and the nearly a million Americans who gathered here in Washington in September. Millions of Americans, Republicans, Democrats and Independents are worried about liberal social policies and runaway federal spending, deficit and debt.''

''So to my friends in the so-called ‘mainstream media’ I say, ‘conservative talk show hosts may not speak for everybody but they speak for more Americans than you do.’"''<ref>[https://www.politico.com/story/2009/10/pence-rush-beck-speak-for-many-028608# Pence: Rush, Beck speak for many]. ''Politico''. October 22, 2009. Retrieved October 6, 2016.</ref>
</blockquote>

==U.S. Congress==
[[File:MikePence.jpg|thumb|100px|left|Congressman]]
In 2000, Pence was elected to [[Congress]] and reelected in 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, and 2010.<ref name="Bio"/> In 2005, he became chairman of the Republican Study Committee, a group representing the most conservative members of the House.<ref name="Bio"/> The next year, Pence unsuccessfully ran for House minority leader, losing to [[John Boehner]].<ref name="Bio"/> Pence served as the House Republican Conference Chair during the 111th Congress, which lasted from 2009–2011.<ref name="Bio"/><ref>[http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=p000587 PENCE, Mike, (1959 - )]. ''Biographical Directory of the United States Congress''. Retrieved October 5, 2016.</ref>

In Congress, Pence built a very conservative record, even opposing liberal Republican bills that would increase spending or the size of government, such as [[No Child Left Behind]] in 2001, and the Medicare expansion of 2002.<ref name="Bio"/><ref name="Eason10things"/>

He also engaged in a filibuster in an unusual way.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tHnZphCBWTA</ref>

==Governor of Indiana==
Pence successfully ran for Indiana governor in 2012.<ref name="Bio"/><ref name="Eason10things"/>

Pence's successor, the conservative [[Mitch Daniels]], had been effective in boosting the state's economy, and Pence continued his policies. The Indiana economy continued to improve, and Pence cut taxes by $1.1 billion in 2013, which was the largest tax cut in state history.<ref name="Bio"/> In addition, Indiana has the seventh lowest tax burden or any state in 2013, and in 2014 Pence signed a law that will decrease the state corporate tax by 1.6 percent by 2021.<ref name="Eason10things"/> While liberals expect tax cuts to increase budget deficits, by 2016 Indiana actually had a $2 billion surplus,<ref name="Bio"/> and unemployment dropped by 3.4 percent since his term began.<ref name="Eason10things"/>

In 2014, Mike Pence endorsed the globalist [[Trans Pacific Partnership]].<ref>[https://twitter.com/govpencein/status/509032682555457536 Pence on Twitter, 2014]</ref>

Pence became nationally famous in 2015 for initially defending a new religious freedom law for Indiana businesses that would have enabled them to decline services that support the [[homosexual agenda]], such as in being forced to bake a cake for [[Same-sex "marriage"|homosexual couples]].<ref name="Bio"/><ref name="Eason10things"/> Ultimately, Pence compromised under intense pressure from the [[liberal media]] and added protections for [[sexual orientation]] into Indiana law.<ref name="Bio"/><ref name="Eason10things"/> While many conservatives considered Pence's move a betrayal, subsequent events showed that Pence did stand up more against the [[homosexual agenda]] than virtually any other governor, including other Republicans such as [[Greg Abbott]] and [[Chris Christie]].

In addition, Pence is [[pro-life]], and in 2016 he signed a bill into law that stops abortions when the [[Human being|unborn human being]] has a disability.<ref name="Bio"/>

==2016 GOP vice-presidential nominee==
[[File:Donald Trump and Mike Pence RNC July 2016.jpg|thumb|Pence with Trump at the 2016 Republican National Convention.]]
{{see also|2016 U.S. presidential election}}
Pence first endorsed [[Texas]] Senator [[Ted Cruz]] for the Republican presidential nomination, but after businessman [[Donald Trump]] became the presumptive GOP nominee, Pence was chosen to be the vice-presidential nominee.<ref name="Bio"/>

Pence debated Democrat VP nominee [[Tim Kaine]] on October 4, 2016, and he gave a much better performance than Kaine.<ref>Boyle, Matthew (October 5, 2016). [https://www.breitbart.com/2016-presidential-race/2016/10/05/pence-dominates-kaine-vice-presidential-debate/ ‘Flawless’ Victory: Mike Pence Dominates Tim Kaine in Vice Presidential Debate]. ''Breitbart''. Retrieved October 6, 2016.</ref><ref>Agiesta, Jennifer (October 5, 2016). [https://www.cnn.com/2016/10/05/politics/mike-pence-tim-kaine-vp-debate-poll/ Pence edges Kaine in VP debate instant poll]. ''CNN''. Retrieved October 6, 2016.</ref> This was despite the fact that Kaine interrupted Pence 70 times in the debate.<ref>Struyk, Ryan (October 5, 2016). [https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/tim-kaine-interrupted-mike-pence-70-times-vice/story?id=42583803 Tim Kaine Interrupted Mike Pence 70 Times in Vice Presidential Debate]. ''ABC News''. Retrieved October 6, 2016.</ref> Pence masterfully used his debating skills that he acquired from being a talk radio host while Kaine was hyper and sometimes hard to follow.<ref name="Bradner">Bradner, Eric (October 5, 2016). [https://www.cnn.com/2016/10/05/politics/vp-debate-takeaways/index.html 5 takeaways from the vice presidential debate]. ''CNN''. Retrieved October 6, 2016.</ref> Even the liberal [[mainstream media]], which holds [[double standards]] and loves to bash conservatives, believed that Pence won.<ref name="Bradner"/><ref>Zurcher, Anthony (October 5, 2016). [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/amp/37558787 Pence v Kaine: Who won the vice-presidential debate?]. ''BBC News''. Retrieved October 5, 2016.</ref>

The Donald Trump–Mike Pence ticket won the election in a massive, historical upset.<ref>[https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2016/11/08/first-polls-close-in-2016-race-trump-projected-to-win-ind-ky-clinton-wins-vt.html Trump wins presidency, defeats Clinton in historic election upset]. ''Fox News''. November 8, 2016. Retrieved November 10, 2016.</ref>

==Vice-president==
Soon after the election, the conservative Pence replaced the moderate [[Chris Christie]], who is facing serious allegations in a scandal, as the head of Trump's transition team.<ref>[https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2016/11/11/pence-reportedly-taking-over-transition-effort-from-christie.html Pence replaces Christie in Trump transition team shuffle]. ''Fox News''. November 11, 2016.</ref> One of his first decisions as head was to remove every lobbyist, who had been appointed by Christie, from the team, in order to "drain the swamp" in [[Washington D.C.]]<ref>[https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2016/11/16/pence-removing-lobbyists-from-trump-transition-team.html Pence removing lobbyists from Trump transition team]. ''Fox News''. November 16, 2016. Retrieved November 17, 2016.</ref><ref>Jaffe, Alexandra (Novemer 16, 2016). [https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/pence-removes-lobbyists-trump-transition-team-controversial-names-remain-n684836 Mike Pence Orders Lobbyists Be Removed From Transition Team]. ''NBC News''. Retrieved November 17, 2016.</ref> On the same day, the team announced that all [[Trump Administration]] officials would be placed under a five-year lobbying ban after leaving, which is much stricter than the ban by the transition team of the previous president, [[Barack Obama]].<ref>Arnsdorf, Isaac & Vogel, Kenneth P. (November 16, 2016). [https://www.politico.com/story/2016/11/donald-trump-lobbying-ban-231534 Trump team announces tough lobbying ban]. ''Politico''. Retrieved November 17, 2016.</ref> The transition team under Pence's leadership reportedly completed its work on time and 20 percent under budget.<ref>Miller, S.A. (January 19, 2017). [http://washingtontimes.com/news/2017/jan/19/pence-trump-transition-finishing-time-under-budget/ Mike Pence: Trump transition finishing on time, under budget]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved February 8, 2017.</ref>

Vice President Pence became the first vice president in United States history to speak at the annual [[March for Life]] march in Washington D.C. in 2017.<ref>Sells, Heather (January 27, 2017). [https://www1.cbn.com/cbnnews/politics/2017/january/trump-administration-rallies-behind-march-for-life VP Mike Pence Making History at the March for Life]. ''CBN News''. Retrieved January 27, 2017.</ref><ref>Hickey, Jennifer (January 27, 2017). [https://www.foxnews.com/us/2017/01/27/massive-attendance-at-march-for-life-could-extend-crowd-size-chatter.html 'Life is winning': Pence fired up March for Life crowd]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved January 27, 2017.</ref>

On February 7, 2017, Pence became the first vice president in United States history to cast a tie-breaking vote in the Senate for confirming a cabinet nominee.<ref name="DeVosTie">[https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2017/02/07/devos-confirmed-as-education-secretary-pence-casts-historic-tie-breaking-vote.html DeVos confirmed as education secretary, Pence casts historic tie-breaking vote]. ''Fox News''. February 7, 2017. Retrieved February 7, 2017.</ref> He also became the first since 2008 to cast a tie-breaking vote at all.<ref name="DeVosTie"/>
[[File:Mike Pence October 2017.jpg|thumb|250px|Pence speaking in October 2017]]
It was reported in late April 2017 that Pence and eight other Trump Administration [[Cabinet of Donald Trump|cabinet members]] were participating in a weekly [[Bible study]].<ref>[http://www1.cbn.com/beltwaybuzz/archive/2017/04/24/trump-cabinet-members-praying-studying-the-bible-together TOP STORY: Trump Cabinet Members Praying, Studying the Bible Together]. ''CBN News''. April 24, 2017. Retrieved April 28, 2017.</ref><ref>Gotera, Jay (April 28, 2017). [http://www.christianpost.com/news/trump-cabinet-members-gather-weekly-for-prayer-session-senate-and-house-also-hold-bible-studies-181770/ Trump Cabinet Members Gather Weekly for Prayer Session; Senate and House Also Hold Bible Studies]. ''The Christian Post''. Retrieved April 29, 2017.</ref><ref>Haverluck, Michael F. (April 29, 2017). [https://www.onenewsnow.com/church/2017/04/27/trump-cabinet-fellowships-thru-prayer-bible-study Trump cabinet fellowships thru prayer, Bible study]. ''One News Now''. Retrieved April 29, 2017.</ref> This suggested that the Trump Administration is, at least in part, striving to be under [[God]].<ref>Bakinski, Pete (April 29, 2017). [https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/mike-pence-sponsors-bible-study-for-trump-cabinet Mike Pence sponsors Bible study for Trump cabinet]. ''Life Site News''. Retrieved April 29, 2017.</ref>

In May 2017, Pence created a PAC, called the "Great America Leadership PAC," to help fund the GOP in upcoming elections, becoming the first sitting vice president to do so.<ref>Spiering, Charlie (May 18, 2017). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2017/05/18/mike-pence-creates-great-america-leadership-pac/ Mike Pence Creates ‘Great America’ Leadership PAC]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 18, 2017.</ref>

Vice President Pence played an active and relatively important role in the [[Trump Administration]],<ref>Westwood, Sarah (June 18, 2017). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/mike-pence-stays-above-trump-scandals-and-in-touch-with-capitol-hill/article/2625973 Mike Pence stays above Trump scandals and in touch with Capitol Hill]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved July 1, 2017.</ref><ref name="Envoy2017">O'Sullivan, Mike (December 31, 2017). [https://www.voanews.com/a/pence-role-presidential-envoy/4186257.html Pence Carving a Role as Presidential Envoy]. ''Voice of America''. Retrieved December 31, 2017.</ref> including representing the administration in foreign countries.<ref name="Envoy2017"/><ref>O'Sullivan, Mike (August 11, 2017). [https://www.voanews.com/a/vice-president-mike-pence-embraces-role-key-diplomat/3982273.html US VP Pence Embraces Role as Key Diplomat]. ''Voice of America''. Retrieved August 11, 2017.</ref> A July 2017 poll found Pence to be the most popular national political official and the only one with a positive rating – of both Republicans and Democrats – with 45% approving and 44% disapproving.<ref>Bedard, Paul (July 13, 2017). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/pence-rises-only-dc-leader-with-positive-approval-rating/article/2628554 Pence rises: Only DC leader with positive approval rating]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved July 13, 2017.</ref> Pence used his role in the Trump Administration to promote socially conservative policies.<ref>Abutaleb, Yasmeen; Mason, Jeff (January 19, 2018). [https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-pence/in-year-of-drama-and-chaos-pence-quietly-advances-conservative-agenda-idUSKBN1F82NO In year of drama and chaos, Pence quietly advances conservative agenda]. ''Reuters''. Retrieved January 20, 2018. See also:
*[https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2018/01/20/look-vice-president-pences-first-year-office-key-takeaways/1048778001/ A look at Vice President Pence's first year in office: key takeaways]. ''USA Today''. January 20, 2018. Retrieved January 20, 2018.</ref>

Despite his generally conservative positions, Pence was the keynote speaker at a political strategy retreat for the [[Koch Brothers]], who take left-wing positions on several issues, particularly [[illegal immigration]] and [[globalism]].<ref>Binder, John (September 29, 2017). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2017/09/29/vp-mike-pence-to-be-keynote-speaker-at-pro-amnesty-koch-brothers-retreat/ VP Mike Pence to Be Keynote Speaker at Pro-Amnesty Koch Brothers’ Retreat]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 29, 2017.</ref>

In the early morning hours of January 7, 2021, Pence illegally certified the results of the [[2020 presidential election]] in favor of Democrat candidate [[Joe Biden]], even though Biden illegally benefited from massive amounts of voting fraud committed by the Democrats and their operatives to steal the election from President Trump.<ref>[https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2021/01/breaking-traitor-mike-pence-certifies-bidens-election-victory/ BREAKING: Traitor Mike Pence Certifies Biden’s Election ‘Victory’] at the Gateway Pundit</ref> In doing so, however, Pence fully exposed himself as being a liberal RINO, effectively ending his political career, as well as a traitor to America. Trump subsequently responded to Pence's betrayal in a statement publicized via Trump's White House Deputy Chief of Staff Dan Scavino, stating:

{{Cquote|Even though I totally disagree with the outcome of the election, and the facts bear me out, nevertheless there will be an orderly transition on January 20th. I have always said we would continue our fight to ensure that only legal votes were counted. While this represents the end of the greatest first term in presidential history, it’s only the beginning of our fight to Make America Great Again!<ref>[https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2021/01/breaking-president-trump-issues-statement-responding-electoral-certification/ BREAKING: President Trump Issues Statement Responding to Electoral Certification] at the Gateway Pundit</ref>}}

===Transition team===
:{{See also|Trump transition}}
As head of the Trump transition team, Pence recommended [[Dan Coats]] for [[DNI]], [[Michael Atkinson]] as [[Intelligence Community]] Inspector General (ICIG), [[James Mattis]] as [[Secretary of Defense]], and [[Dana Boente]] to head the [[DOJ-NSD]], all later proven anti-Trump [[Deep State]] operatives.

===Coronovirus task force===
Pence led the White House [[coronavirus task force]].<ref> [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2020/apr/3/donald-trump-hits-3m-after-company-accused-selling/ Trump hits 3M after company is accused of selling masks to foreign countries over U.S. buyers] - ''The Washington Times''</ref>

===Election integrity===
:{{See also|Democrat election fraud}}
On December 22, 2020, Pence spoke at a [[Turning Point USA]] event in West Palm Beach, Florida where he told the crowd that “as our election contest continues, I’ll make you a promise. We’re going to keep fighting until every legal vote is counted. We’re going to keep fighting until every illegal vote is thrown out. we’re going to win Georgia, we’re going to save America, and we’ll never stop fighting to make America great again. You watch.”<ref>https://www.rev.com/blog/transcripts/mike-pence-speech-at-turning-point-usa-event-transcript-december-22</ref>

Despite this, Pence certified the heavily disputed 2020 presidential election results, and attended the inauguration of illegitimate president [[Joseph Biden]] in January 2021.

==Political philosophy==
Pence describes himself as "a [[Christian]], a conservative and a Republican, in that order."<ref name="Eason10things">Eason, Brian (July 15, 2016). [http://www.indystar.com/story/news/politics/2016/07/07/trumps-vp-10-things-know-indiana-gov-mike-pence/86746980/ Trump's VP? 10 things to know about Indiana Gov. Mike Pence]. ''IndyStar''. Retrieved October 4, 2016.</ref><ref name="Phillips">Phillips, Amber (October 4, 2016). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2016/07/14/10-things-you-should-know-about-mike-pence-who-may-join-donald-trump-on-the-gop-ticket/ Who is Mike Pence?]. ''The Washington Post''. Retrieved October 4, 2016.</ref> His political views are strongly influenced by his [[faith]] and by [[Russell Kirk]].<ref name="Eason10things"/> Pence was an early supporter of the [[Tea Party Movement|Tea Party movement]].<ref name="Phillips"/> On the other hand, Pence has a record of supporting many [[neoconservative]] and [[globalist]] policies, including high [[immigration]] levels,<ref>Munro, Neil (January 5, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/01/05/report-vp-pence-invites-pro-amnesty-sen-flake-lobby-trump/ Report: VP Pence Invites Sen. Flake To Lobby Trump For Amnesty]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved April 20, 2018.</ref>, supporting trade deals which Trump labeled as "bad for America",<ref name="infowars">[https://archives.infowars.com/the-problem-with-mike-pence-hes-a-free-trade-globalist/ The Problem with Mike Pence: He's A Free Trade Globalist]</ref> and his record indicates that he is not as conservative on social issues as the [[mainstream media]] alleges.<ref>Newman, Alex (July 15, 2016). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/usnews/politics/item/23646-trump-vp-pence-globalist-neocon-or-solid-conservative Trump VP Pence: Globalist Neocon or Solid Conservative?] ''The New American''. Retrieved April 11, 2018.</ref> Pence supported neocon foreign invasions and the [[War on Terror]].<ref name="infowars" />

At the October 7, 2020 VP debate (ahead of the elections), ABC's David Muir commented: Pence was very effective in defense of President Trump.<ref>ABC News, October 7, 2020, around 10:35 PM ET</ref> [[CNN]]'s (former [[Obama]]'s aide) far-left [[Van Jones]]: "Pence made conservative ideas look normal. That is to his credit."<ref>CNN News, October 7, 2020. around 10:49 PM ET
</ref>

==Personal life==
Pence married his wife Karen in 1985, and together they have three children.<ref name="Bio"/> As a Christian and out of [[Fidelity|loyalty to his wife]], he refuses to go out to dinner with any woman if his wife is not with him.<ref>Richardson, Bradford (November 29, 2017). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2017/nov/29/mike-pence-rule-contrasts-sex-misconduct-accusatio/ Once mocked, ‘Pence rule’ gets renewed look in wake of sexual misconduct wave]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved November 30, 2017.</ref> [[Liberal]]s, who do not adhere to [[family values]], misunderstood Pence and falsely accused him of "sexism."<ref>Multiple references:
*Gonzales, Sara (March 31, 2017). [https://www.theblaze.com/news/2017/03/31/liberals-reactions-to-mike-pences-loyalty-to-his-wife-are-getting-more-unhinged-by-the-hour/ Liberals’ reactions to Mike Pence’s loyalty to his wife are getting more unhinged by the hour]. ''The Blaze''. Retrieved May 10, 2017.
*Shapiro, Ben (April 6, 2017). [https://www.cnsnews.com/commentary/ben-shapiro/human-nature-and-mike-pences-dinner-partners On Human Nature and Mike Pence's Dinner Partners]. ''CNS News''. Retrieved May 10, 2017.
Liberal sources that genuinely believe Pence is "sexist" for his moral practice:
* Abcarian, Robin (April 5, 2017). [https://www.latimes.com/local/abcarian/la-me-abcarian-pence-marriage-20170405-story.html Mike Pence won't dine alone with a woman who's not his wife. Is that sexist?]. ''Los Angeles Times''. Retrieved May 10, 2017.
* Duffy, Erin (April 5, 2017). [http://fortune.com/2017/04/05/mike-pence-wife-dinner/ How Mike Pence’s Dumb Dinner Rule Puts Women at a Disadvantage]. ''Fortune''. Retrieved May 10, 2017.</ref> Despite the fact that Pence is a Christian, he has used shameful, filthy language in public.<ref>McHugh, Katie (October 4, 2016). [https://www.breitbart.com/2016-presidential-race/2016/10/04/mike-pence-mocks-media-coverage-of-trump-this-sht-really-is-fun-to-watch/ Mike Pence Mocks Media Coverage of Trump: ‘This Sh*t Really Is Fun to Watch’]. ''Breitbart''. Retrieved October 6, 2016.</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist|colwidth=35em}}

==External links==
*[http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=p000587 Profile] on the ''Biographical Directory of the United States Congress''
*[https://ballotpedia.org/Mike_Pence Profile] on Ballotpedia
*[http://www.ontheissues.org/in/Mike_Pence.htm Mike Pence On the Issues]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pence, Mike}}
{{USVicePresidents}}

[[Category:United States Representatives]]
[[Category:Republicans]]
[[Category:Former Democrats]]
[[Category:Christians]]
[[Category:Fiscal Conservatives]]
[[Category:Koch Puppets]]
[[Category:Conservative Commentators]]
[[Category:Tea Party Movement]]
[[Category:Indiana Governors]]
[[Category:Former Governors]]
[[Category:Vice Presidents of the United States]]
[[Category:Trump Cabinet]]
[[Category:RINOs]]
[[Category:Establishment]]
[[Category:Republican Establishment]]
[[Category:Evangelicals]]
[[Category:Never Trumpers]]

User:Northwest

2022-08-10T07:02:16Z

Kitanishimankodesu:

{{Userboxtop}}
{{User Worldconservative}} {{User Canadian}} {{User CanadianBorn}} {{User sysopother}} {{User tolerancecompromisetruth}} {{User windows}} {{User Trump}} {{User Not Democrat}} {{User Not Obama}} {{User Not Hillary}} {{User Not Biden}} {{User Not McCain}} {{User Not Bloomberg}} {{User Not the Squad}} {{User progun}} {{User parties didn't switch}} {{User Catholic}} {{User Life begins|conception}} {{User Brave}} {{User male}} {{User marriage}} {{User prolife}} {{User noracists}} {{User NoEvo}} {{User anti-pot}} {{User Antihitler}} {{User Israel}}
{{Userbox |border-c=#000 |border-s=1 |id-c=#fff |id-s=12 |id-fc=#000 |info-c=#ff0000 |info-s=8 |info-fc=#fff |id=[[Image:Liberal_Brain.jpg|60px]] |info=<center>This user knows that [[Liberalism]] is a mental disorder</center>}} {{User anti-fake news}}
{{Userboxbottom}}

<center> <div style="align: center; width: 60%; padding: 1em; border: solid 2px gold; background-color: black;">
'''<big>Justin Trudeau is proof that very weak men with power are very dangerous.[https://www.lemonparty.org/]</big>'''</div> </center>

==Donald Trump==
*Knows more about American history than most liberal politicians (who choose to buy into revisionist lies pushed by a Communist-infiltrated education system), particularly [[Barack Obama]] ([[The bomb that fell on Pearl Harbor|who thought a bomb was dropped on Pearl Harbor]] and [[Obamaisms|that the Selma march took place before his birth in 1961]]).
*Knows and understands more about American government than most liberals (politician or civilian).
*Knows more about compassion than most liberals think he does (i.e. sending aid to Puerto Rico following Hurricane Maria, and to areas of Texas and Louisiana hit by Hurricane Harvey).
*Knows more about empathy than most liberals think he does (see above).
*Knows more about forgiveness than most liberals think he does.
*Knows more about contrition than most liberals care to admit.
*Knows more about redemption than most liberals think he does (the redemption of America [[Barack Obama|after eight years under an illegal occupier of the White House]]).
*Knows more about Christianity (and its importance to America and the world) than most liberals think he does.
*Knows more about the Bible (and its importance in shaping American society and society as a whole) than most liberals think he does.
*Knows more about self-control than any liberal cares to admit ([[Hillary_Rodham_Clinton#Results|as opposed to the likes of Hillary Clinton]] [[Hillary_Rodham_Clinton#Anti-Trump_violence_and_hate_crimes|and the Democrat Party and many of its supporters]]).
*Knows more about ethics than any liberal cares to admit (and knows more about ethics [[Moral decline|than any liberal or Democrat, period]]).
*Knows and understands far more about patriotism than any liberal (including the likes of Hillary, Obama and [[Colin Kaepernick]] and his fellow NFL kneelers).
*Knows more about service than any liberal cares to admit ([[Donald Trump achievements|his service to America as its current President]]).
*Knows more about honesty than any liberal cares to admit (and [[Liberal lies|more than most liberals, period]]).
*Has a better understanding about science [[Climategate|than the frauds, hucksters and quacks who push "global warming/climate change" alarmism]] [[Greta Thunberg|and who use children as their pawns, props and mouthpieces to push their agendas]].
*Has a better understanding of healthy eating than most liberals care to admit (and [[Michelle_Obama#Healthy_Eating_Failure|more so than Michelle Obama]]).
*Has a better understanding of what a healthy lifestyle is than most liberals care to admit (see above).
*Has a better understanding of exercise than most liberals care to admit.
*Knows far more about American geography than Obama ([[Fifty-seven states|who thinks America has 57 states]]).
*Knows more about spelling than many of those in today's education system.
*Has far more respect for women than liberals do ([[Left-wing war on women|or care to admit]]).
*Knows more about the sanctity of marriage than most liberals do ([[Hollywood values|or care to admit]]).
*Is more patriotic than any of the [[clique]] of [[The Squad|far-Left, anti-American, anti-Semitic and racist Democrat congresswomen]] (and their supporters) he saw fit to criticize for [[anti-Americanism|their smearing of America and their lack of patriotism]].

==Those who Abuse their Power==
A poem by Francis Duggan, targeting those who abuse their power for selfish purposes:

''Those who abuse their power over others in their lust for renown 
''Are those who are letting humanity down 
''They come in all shades of colors black, white and brown 
''And are to be found in every village and city and town 
''For abusing their power they cannot have an excuse 
''Since power does not give them the right others to abuse 
''Any form of abuse does constitute a crime 
''Though not all abusers do serve prison time 
''Those with power over others who abuse their power are in minority 
''And thankfully most people who do not abuse their power are of the majority 
''But a few rotten apples in a bag does rot others as the wise one does say 
''And there are far too many abusive people in the Human World of today 
''Of more compassionate people as leaders in the World we are in need 
''And the person who leads by good example is a good person indeed.''<ref>[https://www.poemhunter.com/poem/those-who-abuse-their-power/ Those Who Abuse Their Power]</ref>

==Regarding children and the Internet==
It's never a good idea for children to use the Internet without the supervision of a parent or other responsible adult, because when left to their own devices online, children with nothing better to do (especially when they have time off from school) and who haven't been taught better by some parents will invariably get into mischief online (as the vandalism of, and occasional attempts to deny access to, Conservapedia by some of those children demonstrates - in particular, one young troll who frequently comes to Conservapedia with numerous socks, all carrying vulgar variations of the screen names of the editors and admins he attacks with vulgarity, foul language and copypasted death threats as well as vandalizing other pages, but who I simply call the Juvenile Delinquent because of his junior high school-level immaturity, extreme childishness, use of vulgarity/foul language and lack of intelligence and originality - and every time he comes back with yet another sock to attack editors and admins and vandalize articles and user/user talk pages with more vulgar immaturity [on account of his refusal to take the hint that he's not wanted on this site and that he will ''never'' make it in the real world with that kind of attitude], all he does is keep right on proving '''''every single point''''' I make about him, [[Dunning-Kruger effect|which he is too clueless to get]]).

Here's an example of what can happen when some such children take things one step further and decide to act the same way toward people face-to-face as they do online - especially if they go up against the wrong person with their childish behavior:

[https://tribunist.com/news/kid-caught-keying-cars-attacks-the-man-who-stopped-him-it-doesnt-end-well/ Kid Caught Keying Cars Attacks The Man Who Stopped Him. It Doesn’t End Well] ('''Warning:''' Contains foul language; replaces two previous videos on YouTube, including conservative site Black & Blonde Media's original video, both removed by YouTube under a false claim of "violating" its community guidelines because it presented the full video of a mouthy kid acting aggressively and disrespectfully toward an adult who then retaliated against the kid, as opposed to other versions of the video at YouTube and on social media, selectively edited and presented out of context to make the mouthy kid look like the "victim" and the adult who retaliated look like a "bully")

==Subpages to this page==
*[[User:Northwest/Applicable Scriptural quotes|Applicable Scriptural quotes]]
*[[User:Northwest/Political memes|Political memes]]

==Authored essays==
*[[Essay:A view on the CCP flu pandemic|A view on the CCP flu pandemic]]
*[[Essay:Celebrity casualties of the CCP flu pandemic|Celebrity casualties of the CCP flu pandemic]]
*[[Essay:What YouTube's updated censorship rules say vs. what they really mean|What YouTube's updated censorship rules say vs. what they really mean]]

==Things to work on at Conservapedia==
===Articles to create===
*[[All Elite Wrestling]]
*[[Jim Crockett Promotions]]
*[[Kateri Tekakwitha]]
*[[Medical apartheid]]
*[[Medical tyranny]]
*[[Mental gymnastics]]
*[[Othering]]
*[[Ring of Honor]]
*[[Scamdemic]]
*[[Self-righteousness]]
*[[Sinclair Broadcast Group]]
*[[World Championship Wrestling]]

===Articles to improve===
*[[Essay:Greatest Conservative TV Shows]]
*[[Essay:Worst Liberal TV Shows]]
*[[WWE Championship]] (offshoot of the [[World Wrestling Entertainment]] article)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

James Bond

2022-08-10T07:00:52Z

Kitanishimankodesu: Clarify

'''James Bond''' (or '''007''') is a fictional [[British]] [[MI6]] secret agent created by writer [[Ian Fleming]]. Beginning in 1952, Fleming wrote 12 James Bond [[novel]]s and two collections of short stories until his death in 1964. Subsequent James Bond novels have been written by many writers, including [[Kingsley Amis]].

James Bond is best known from the feature-length movies, and every year from 1962-1964 the top grossing movie was a James Bond film.<ref>https://www.imdb.com/list/ls000065674/</ref> ''[[Dr. No (film, 1962)|Dr. No]]'' was the first of the James Bond film series produced by EON Productions and ranked #1 that year in revenue; it was an adaptation of Ian Fleming's sixth James Bond novel. James Bond films have always been somewhat epic in scope, featuring exotic locations, fast cars, beautiful women and elaborate stunts. Bond is also known for his heavy drinking and smoking, along with sexual encounters (Fleming himself was a heavy smoker, leading to his early death from heart disease). James Bond had many adversaries, including members of the [[Italian]] and [[Russia]]n [[Mafia]]s, [[Japan]]ese [[Yakuza]], [[Chinese]] [[Triad]], [[Latin America]]n [[drug cartels]], and [[North Korea]]n mobsters, or even corrupt spies, mad scientists and terrorist organizations. The most recent Bond film was ''No Time to Die'' (2021).

The current James Bond is [[Daniel Craig]], who has taken the role back towards the more rugged character that Connery and Dalton brought to the screen, as opposed to the portrayal by [[Pierce Brosnan]].

==Movies==
*''[[Dr. No (film, 1962)|Dr. No]]'' (1962)
*''[[From Russia with Love (film, 1963)|From Russia With Love]]'' (1963)
*''[[Goldfinger (film, 1964)|Goldfinger]]'' (1964)
*''[[Thunderball (film, 1965)|Thunderball]]'' (1965)
*''[[You Only Live Twice (film, 1967)|You Only Live Twice]]'' (1967)
*''[[On Her Majesty's Secret Service (film, 1969)|On Her Majesty's Secret Service]]'' (1969)
*''[[Diamonds Are Forever (film, 1971)|Diamonds Are Forever]]'' (1971)
*''[[Live and Let Die (film, 1973)|Live And Let Die]]'' (1973)
*''[[The Man with the Golden Gun (film, 1974)|The Man With The Golden Gun]]'' (1974)
*''[[The Spy Who Loved Me (film, 1977)|The Spy Who Loved Me]]'' (1977)
*''[[Moonraker (film, 1979)|Moonraker]]'' (1979)
*''[[For Your Eyes Only (film, 1981)|For Your Eyes Only]]'' (1981)
*''[[Octopussy (film, 1983)|Octopussy]]'' (1983)
*''[[A View to a Kill|A View To Kill]]'' (1985)
*''[[The Living Daylights (film, 1987)|The Living Daylights]]'' (1987)
*''Licence To Kill'' (1989)
*''[[GoldenEye]]'' (1995)
*''[[Tomorrow Never Dies]]'' (1997)
*''[[The World is Not Enough|The World Is Not Enough]]'' (1999)
*''[[Die Another Day]]'' (2002)
*''[[Casino Royale]]'' (2006)
*''[[Quantum of Solace (film, 2008)|Quantum of Solace]]'' (2008)
*''[[Skyfall]]'' (2012)
*''[[Spectre]]'' (2015)
*''[[No Time to Die]]'' (2021)

Due to a copyright dispute over Thunderball, in 1983 another studio did a movie with the same plot titled ''[[Never Say Never Again]]'', starring Connery.

==Novels==
===Ian Fleming===
*''Casino Royale'' (1953)
*''Live and Let Die'' (1954)
*''Moonraker'' (1955)
*''Diamonds are Forever'' (1956)
*''From Russia With Love'' (1957)
*''Dr No'' (1958)
*''Goldfinger'' (1959)
*''For Your Eyes Only'' (1960)
*''Thunderball'' (1961)
*''The Spy Who Loved Me'' (1962)
*''On Her Majesties Secret Service'' (1963)
*''You Only Live Twice'' (1964)
*''The Man With the Golden Gun'' (1965)
*''Octopussy and the Living Daylights'' (1966) <ref>https://www.bookseriesinorder.com/james-bond/</ref>

==Actors==
As of 2017, James Bond has been played by six different actors

*Sean Connery (1962-1967, 1971, 1983)
*George Lazenby (1969)
*Roger Moore (1973-1985)
*Timothy Dalton (1987-1989)
*Pierce Brosnan (1995-2002)
*Daniel Craig (2006–2021)

Roger Moore has played the role the longest, with a total of seven consecutive appearances. George Lazenby has the least, appearing in only one film.

== References ==
{{reflist}}
[[Category:Fictional Characters]]
[[Category:James Bond Movies]]
[[Category:Movies]]