Conservapedia - User contributions [en]

New York City

2018-04-08T21:15:25Z

Kitanishi: So what? Rumors in an encyclopedia?

{{City
|picture =Liberty2.jpg
|picture2 =
|map =
|country =United States
|state =New York
|region =
|settled =1624
|charter =
|population =8,405,837
|area =6,720
|density =27,778.7
|mayor =Bill de Blasio
|demonym =New Yorker
|co-ordinates =40.8° N., 73.9° W.<ref>{{Cite book|date=1922|title=World Almanac and Book of Facts for 1923|url=http://archive.org/stream/worldalmanacbook1923unse#page/62/mode/2up/search/munich|series=series: World Almanac and Book of Facts|language=English|location=New York|publisher=Press Pub Co. (''The New York World'')|pages=63}} Rounded down toward zero.</ref>
}}

[[File:Nyc1.jpg|thumb|450px|the center of the metropolitan area, which stretches into Connecticut (to the northeast) and New Jersey (to the west)]]
'''New York City''', officially the '''City of New York''', is a city and metropolis in the state of [[New York]], located on the East coast of the [[United States of America]]. New York City is known best for the [[New York Stock Exchange]] and financial district, its [[liberal media]], its [[liberal]] [[Broadway]] shows, and its high cost of living. Shows broadcast from New York City include ''The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon'', ''The Late Show with Stephen Colbert'', ''Saturday Night Live'' and Fox News; New York City is also where the major networks grew in influence: [[ABC]], [[CBS]] and [[NBC]].

With a population of 19 million in the three-state metropolitan area (and 8,140,000 in the city as in 2005), it is the most populous urban area in the [[United States]]. The city is divided into five different counties, called boroughs. Manhattan is the financial, commercial, and tourist center. Brooklyn is the most populous of the boroughs, and suburban Queens is the largest in area. The other two boroughs are [[The Bronx]], a downscale residential area, and suburban Staten Island. The modern city was formed in 1898 through a merger of the original New York City with Brooklyn.

New York City is the cultural capital of the world; it has global importance in fashion, finance, news, diplomacy, education, medicine and arts. The city is a world-class tourist destination. It contains many landmarks, including the [[Statue of Liberty]], [[Wall Street]], in Lower Manhattan, and many others. The city (along with its #2 rival Chicago) invented the skyscraper, and still has some of the tallest buildings in the world, like [[Empire State Building]]; the original [[World Trade Center]] towers were destroyed by Islamic terrorists in the [[September 11, 2001 attacks]]. [[File:Gotham1.jpg|thumb|220px]]

==Transportation==
New York owes its success to its status as the major hub of world transportation by air and water. It grew because it has one of the world's finest natural harbors. It is ice-free year-round and deep enough to enable large ships to reach its piers regardless of the tide. The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey was established in 1921 by the two states in order to administer jointly the shared waterfront. Most traffic is now handled through containers. Three major airports serve the city: John F. Kennedy International Airport (for international travel) and La Guardia Airport (for domestic travel), as well as nearby Newark International Airport. All three airports are operated by the Port Authority, which also operates certain bridges, tunnels and subway lines that connect New York and New Jersey.

When [[Hurricane Irene]] was headed for the city in August 2011 following a harsh winter, the MTA (Metropolitan Transportation Authority) shut down all its commuter rail, subway and buses. This move was criticized by some as excessively cautious.

== History ==
The first Dutch settlers arrived on Manhattan in 1624, naming the town New Amsterdam. Indian claims were bought out for the equivalent of $24. The Dutch sent settlers up the Hudson River (which is easily navigable by sailing vessels) to Albany. The Dutch colony, named New Amsterdam, was run in autocratic fashion by Governor Peter Stuyvesant. It soon had a [[cosmopolitan]] flavor, with freedom of religion and numerous ethnic and religious groups; the Dutch brought slaves as house servants.<ref>Slavery was finally abolished in 1799.</ref> The city was captured in war by the British in 1664; they renamed both the city and the colony for the Duke of York (who later became King [[James II]]).
[[File:Nyc2.jpg|thumb|450px|Manhattan neighborhoods]]
The use of [[Ellis Island]] as the checkpoint for millions of European immigrants in the late 19th Century caused New York City's population to swell, as many settled in the city.

[[Image:800px-Times Square Panorama1.jpg|thumb|800px|center|Times Square.]]

== Politics ==
New York City is historically considered a [[liberal]] city, with the majority of the population voting Democrat. However, the mayor has recently been [[Republican]], in the case of [[Rudy Giuliani]] or independent in the case of the [[liberal]] [[Michael Bloomberg]]. In November 2013, liberal Democrat Bill de Blasio was elected mayor and despite his anti-law enforcement rhetoric and liberal socialistic policies, was re-elected in November, 2017. [[Fox News Channel]] is based there in Manhattan. Of the 13 congressional districts that include parts of New York City, only one is represented by a Republican (Daniel M. Donovan, Jr. of [[Staten Island]]).

== Culture ==
[[Image:Duke Ellington Statue.jpg|thumb|[[Duke Ellington]] Statue.]]
New York City is home to top-notch museums in [[art]], [[architecture]], photography, natural history, television, radio and technology, like: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, The Frick Collection, the National Design Museum, the Museum of Natural History,
and the National Academy Museum and School of Fine Arts.<ref>[http://www.ny.com/museums/mile.html Museums in New York City]</ref>

Featured cultural sites are:

•Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts

•Carnegie Hall

•Radio City Music Hall

•Hayden Planetarium

•New York Aquarium

•The Morgan Library

•New York Public Library

•Rose Center for Earth and Space

•International Center of Photography

•Empire State Building Lobby Gallery

•SculptureCenter

•Museum of Biblical Art

•Staten Island Institute of Arts & Sciences

•Center for Architecture

•Studio Museum in Harlem

==Boroughs==
Each of New York City's [[borough]]s is [[coterminous]] with a [[county]] in the State of New York. The five boroughs are:
* [[Manhattan]] (New York County)
* [[Brooklyn]] (Kings County)
* [[Queens]] (Queens County)
* [[The Bronx]] (Bronx County)
* [[Staten Island]] (Richmond County)

Each borough elects its own borough President and district attorney. Unlike the [[London]] boroughs, the boroughs of New York City do not operate as [[local government]]s. All of the non-Manhattan boroughs are sometimes referred to collectively as "the outer boroughs" as they are arranged in a sort of semicircle around Manhattan. Each borough has its own court system, and two boroughs have separate public library systems.

Many places have been proposed as "Sixth Boroughs," which can carry a different meaning depending on who is asked. Some areas often cited as "Sixth Boroughs" include:
* [[Hudson County]], [[New Jersey]]
* [[Nassau County]], [[Long Island]], [[New York]]
* [[Westchester County]], [[New York]]
* [[Newark]], [[New Jersey]]
* [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]]

== See also ==
[[Image:NYC.jpg|thumb|400px|Historic Manhattan]]
*[[Fiorello La Guardia]]
*[[Art cities]]
*[[New York Yankees]]

== External links ==
*[http://www.ny.com/museums/museum.of.american.financial.history.html Museum of American Financial History.]
*[http://www.metmuseum.org/ The Met.]
*[http://www.nyc-arts.org/ NYC ARTS.]
*[http://www.nycwalk.com/rock.html A Walking Tour of Rockefeller Center's Public Art.]

==Further reading==
[[Image:Prometheus Fountain at the Rockefeller Center.jpg|thumb|240px|Prometheus Fountain at the Rockefeller Center.]]
* Burrows, Edwin G., and Mike Wallace. ''Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898'' (2000) [http://www.amazon.com/Gotham-History-York-City-1898/dp/0195140494/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1262334804&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search], the best history; Pulitzer prize
* Caro, Robert. ''The Power Broker: Robert Moses and the Fall of New York.'' (1973) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/0394720245/ref=sib_dp_pt#reader-link excerpt and text search]
* Jackson, Kenneth, ed. ''The Encyclopedia of New York City'' (1995), the best reference book; 1350pp; [http://www.amazon.com/Encyclopedia-New-York-City/dp/0300055366/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1240594479&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
* Jackson, Kenneth and Sam Roberts, eds. ''The Almanac of New York City'' (2008)
* Kessner, Thomas. ''Fiorello H. LaGuardia and the Making of Modern New York'' (1989) the most detailed standard scholarly biography
* Slayton, Robert A. ''Empire Statesman: The Rise and Redemption of Al Smith,'' (2001), 480pp, the standard scholarly biography; [http://www.amazon.com/Empire-Statesman-Rise-Redemption-Smith/dp/1416567771/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1196822024&sr=1-2 excerpt and text search]

==References==
*[http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0763098.html Information Please - Top 50 Cities in the U.S.]
<references/>

[[Category:New York Cities and Towns]]
[[Category:New York City]]
[[Category:Urban History]]
[[Category:Most Liberal American Cities]]

Baseball

2018-04-08T21:04:54Z

Kitanishi: Whoa, what?

''This article is about the game of '''baseball'''. For other uses, see [[Baseball (disambiguation)]]
[[Image:Busch Stadium.jpg|right|thumb|250px|A professional baseball game at Busch Memorial Stadium, St. Louis, Missouri.]]
'''Baseball''' is an outdoor sport played between two teams of nine players each, with the object of the game for the offensive player to hit the ball with a wooden bat in such a manner as to allow that player to successfully touch each base on a running circuit and scoring a point at the run's completion at home plate. Extremely popular within the United States, Japan, and Latin America, baseball is played everywhere from neighborhood sandlots and city streets to its culmination in a best-of-seven championship World Series between two professional teams of the American and National Leagues of Major League Baseball.

Baseball has been intertwined within American life and culture like no other sport has. It has given us record-setting heroes, many of which are still talked about over a century later. It has given rise to movies, songs, books, magazines, and a lexicon of words and phrases which are part of everyday life.

==Description==
[[File:Baseball-Field-Template.jpg|right|200px|thumb|Diagram of a baseball field]]
Baseball is played on a field which is roughly diamond-shaped, with the wide end serving as the outfield. The infield consists of a square, each side of the square 90 feet long. The narrow end of the square is the point furthest from the outfield fence at center field, which can be anywhere from 295 to 450 feet away; this point on the square serves as home plate. The remaining corners serves as first, second, and third bases, running counterclockwise from home plate. Within the center of the square - 60 feet, 6 inches away - is the pitcher's mound.

Baseball is one of the very few sports in which the defense controls the ball. All nine defensive players are on the field during play: three in the outfield (left, center, and right fields); four in the infield (first, second, and third basemen, and shortstop); the catcher behind home plate, and the pitcher on the mound. The single offensive player takes his place within a batter's box on either side of home plate, and with a bat attempts to hit the ball thrown to him by the pitcher into "fair" territory such that it is not caught in the air and gives the batter time to run to a base. The offense strives to advance these baserunners until they circle the three [[infield]] bases in order and get back to home plate, resulting in the scoring of a run. The only offensive players on the field at any other time besides the batter are those who successfully made it onto one of the three bases.

A baseball game is divided into nine innings; each inning consists of both teams having their turns at bat. A "strike" is called when the batter swings and misses a fairly-thrown ball; three strikes results in an "out", which in its basic description means the failure of the batter to reach base. Three outs ends that team's attempt during the inning, and they must go to the field for defense. The game is over when one team has a greater score than the other at the end of the ninth inning; if the game is tied after nine innings, additional innings are played until there is a winner.

===Equipment===
[[Image:Baseball worn.jpg|right|200px|thumb|A well-used baseball]]
The baseball itself is 9-9.25 inches in circumference, and weighs between 5-5.25 oz. The core is made of rubber and cork, wound tightly with woolen yarn, and sealed with a two-piece leather casing closed off with 108 double-stitches in waxed red thread.<ref>http://baseballtips.com/weblog/how-many-stitches-does-a-baseball-have-2/</ref>

The bat is made of wood - primarily ash - and is up to 2.75 inches thick at the striking end, and up to 42 inches long. At one time in professional games aluminum bats were used; they have since been removed, and are sometimes used during amateur games. In a version of baseball known as "stickball" played by kids in some inner cities, the bat consists of little more than a broom handle.

Defensive players wear a baseball glove, or mitt. Made of leather, seven players wear a version with looks like an oversized hand with the fingers sewn together, and a basket of leather between the first finger and thumb. Fingerless, rounded versions are worn by the first baseman and catcher; the catcher's mitt having the addition of heavy padding within the glove. That, plus the chest and knee protectors, and steel face mask, ensures the catcher has protection against the pitcher's fastball, which can be in excess of 90 miles per hour.

==History==
In 1905 a commission was created to determine baseball's origins. Named for a former colonel in the Civil War, the Mill's Commission ultimately centered on the testimony of a mining engineer from Denver, Colorado named Abner Graves, who claimed he was with [[Abner Doubleday]] in Cooperstown, New York in 1839, when Doubleday wrote the rules to the game; his testimony, plus the discovery of several artifacts nearby, helped to establish in the committee's - and public's - mind that the game had originated in Cooperstown.<ref>http://www.catskills-house.com/images/baseball_hall_of_fame_A.pdf</ref>

This particular story of baseball's origins is completely false, despite the romance of the Doubleday tradition. He was never involved with baseball at all, and probably never observed a game being played. In 1839, Doubleday - rather than being at a school in Cooperstown - was a cadet at West Point, and would graduate in 1842; he would see distinguished service during the Civil War. And even though the report was flawed, the Mill's Commission would discover that baseball had its roots in other bat-and-ball games earlier than in the nineteenth century.<ref name=cooperstown>[http://www.baseballhalloffame.org/about/history.htm The Origins of the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum]</ref>

Two games stand out as being the forebears of baseball, and both British in origins. In the game of [[rounders]], a ball is tossed to a batter wielding a 12-inch bat, who must round and touch several bases in order to score. As in baseball, rounders is played with nine players on a field, and the game is divided into innings. Originating in Tudor times and played principally by school-age boys, rounders has the distinction of bearing the first direct reference to the title of ''"base-ball"'' in 1744, from the pages of publisher John Newbery's ''Little Pretty Pocket-Book''.<ref>http://www.history.org/history/teaching/enewsletter/volume2/june04/pocketbook.cfm</ref>

The other, somewhat older game is [[cricket]], a game played on a short field in which the pitcher (called a "bowler" in this game) attempts to dismiss a batter ("batsman"); unlike baseball the game involves the bowler attempting to knock over a set of wooden pegs ("wicket") behind the batsman. Like baseball, cricket play involves runs and outs.

By the early 19th century variations of what would become baseball were being played on the fields, back lots, schoolyards and college campuses of the cities and towns of the United States. In 1845 the New York Knickerbocker Baseball Club was founded, joining, as well as playing against, several other amateur teams in the area. It was in the Elysian Fields near Hoboken, New Jersey on June 19, 1846 that the Knickerbocker club played against the New York Baseball Club, losing in four innings by a score of 23-1. The game itself was noteworthy in that it was played after Alexander Joy Cartwright - whose ordinary job was bank clerk and volunteer fireman - wrote down the first formalized rules for baseball, setting the concept of innings and tagged outs, and limiting each team to nine players. An 1857 convention of baseball clubs would add nine innings to the play of the game, changing the ending of the game from 21 runs.

===First professional leagues===
A year later the National Association of Base Ball Players was created as the first organized league, comprised of amateur teams; despite this several players were paid on occasion. One team not a member, the Cincinnati Red Stockings, became in 1869 the first professional team, and their success in their first season (91 of 92 games won) helped to spread professionalism, leading to the creation of the National Association of Professional Base-Ball Players (1871–75). In 1876, owners of several strong independent teams came together at the behest of William Hulbert. The National League of Professional Base Ball Clubs was his creation, in part because the previous association was rather loosely held together, and more important they had recognized baseball as a business. These first teams of the new National League were the New York Mutuals, Boston Red Stockings (the previous Cincinnati Red Stockings), Philadelphia Athletics, Hartford Dark Blues, St. Louis Brown Stockings, Louisville Grays and Cincinnati Reds. Hulbert's own team, the Chicago White Stockings, would several years later change names to the Chicago Cubs, the oldest currently-active team in baseball.

Several other leagues had also formed during this period. The American Association operated for nine years (1882–91), a serious rival to the National League when it allowed Sunday games and the sale of beer within the stands. A Players League was created by athletes, pressing the National League in finances but ending up driving the American Association out of business. One league, the International Association of Professional Base Ball Players, operated twice: 1877-1880, and 1888-1890, fielding teams in both the United States and Canada. The International Association was also the last league to include black Americans within their teams, something that would not be corrected for nearly sixty years.

In 1901 the American League was established from the minor Western League, and their president (Ban Johnson) ensured that teams would play in rival National League cities as well as raid the other league for talented ball players, offering better pay. A key difference between the two was also established: the designated hitter rule, in which a player not on the field would be in the batting lineup to replace the pitcher. The popularity of the American League was serious enough for a truce to be called, culminating in a championship "World Series" between the two leagues since 1903.

===Dead-ball era===
The simplicity of baseball caused the game to be spread far and wide. Four bags placed on an otherwise empty field allowed it to be played almost immediately; adults played it as readily as children, and even a period as horrendous as the [[American Civil War]] had the game played often on both sides when battles were not being waged. The creation of the professional leagues afterwards also led to statistical record keeping; fans wanted to know who was the best ball player on any given team, whether it was pitching, fielding, or batting. Newspapers kept up with the teams from their cities, familiarizing the players to the fans, and baseball cards were created, added to packs of cigarettes before they became a staple of bubble gum wraps.

Among the first stars of baseball in the late 19th century were Paul Hines (1852-1935) was recognized for being the first player to win Major League's Triple Crown, as well as being a two-time batting champion. Charles “Old Hoss’ Radbourn (1854–1897) was among the first "endurance" men; as pitcher for four teams during his career he compiled a 309-195 career record, winning in 1884 the National League's pitching Triple Crown with a 1.38 ERA, 441 strikeouts, and a 60-win season which still has not been broken. Cy Young (1867-1955) would amass five hundred wins as a pitcher during his career as well as pitching the first perfect game in American League history.<ref>http://sabr.org/gamesproj/game/may-5-1904-cy-young-pitches-perfect-game</ref>

But this was also an era in which games were played with the intention of getting on base, advancing on base, and batting runs in; swinging for the fences in a home run was extremely rare. It was the pitcher who dominated the field, throwing emery balls (a baseball dented first by hitting it on concrete) and spitballs (a baseball coated with saliva or other liquid substance) as readily as curve and fast balls. The ball itself was the only one used throughout the entire game, becoming dark and misshapen before the game was over. The batter had to use strategy to get on base; records for triples (batter getting safely to third base) between 1900-1920 were high, while batting averages (.239 to .283 in both leagues) in the same time period were low. The exceptions were from those who took a more careful approach to hitting the ball; Ty Cobb (1886-1961) batted .420 with 248 hits in 1911, and he would have a lifetime average of .367. "Shoeless" Joe Jackson (1888-1951) hit .408 in the same year, never going below that number during the remainder of his shortened career.

This "dead-ball" era would end rather abruptly. The [[Black Sox Scandal]] - an episode in which players of the Chicago White Sox took money to alter the outcome of the 1919 World Series - threatened to end baseball itself, and owners realized changes had to be made; the replacement of the baseball during play as soon as it was so much as scuffed in 1920 is cited as the chief reason for the end of this era. The additional elimination of emery and spitballs caused the star of the game to be in the batter's box rather than on the mound, allowing the game to see an increase in the hitting of home runs.

==Modern Baseball==
The game of baseball is now played the world over. In North America, the primary governing body at the professional level is Major League Baseball, which consists of thirty clubs. Major League Baseball is divided into two groups; The American League and The National League. Every year, all of the MLB clubs from each league battle to earn a place in the World Series, the pinnacle of the sport. To date the New York Yankees of the American League have won the most World Series titles with 27 followed by the St. Louis Cardinals of the National League with 11 wins. College baseball in the United States is governed primarily by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA).

In Japan, professional baseball is primarily governed by Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB). There are a total of 12 teams. The association is divided into two leagues of six teams each, the Central League and the Pacific League. With 21 overall titles since the league's inception, the Yomiuri Giants have been the most successful Japanese club since the NPB's beginnings in 1958.<ref>[http://www.japanball.com/teams.htm Japanball.com Team and League Information]</ref>

==Little League==
Little League is an international non-profit organization for youth baseball founded in 1939 in Williamsport, Pennsylvania by Carl Stotz. Each league is organized and run by volunteers, allowing for loose and inconsistent structure. Broken into multiple levels for multiple age groups the rules are not consistent with the regulations of Major League Baseball and the youth version is notable for shortening the distance betweens bases and between the pitcher's mound and home base, and in the most extreme circumstances, the ball is not pitched but set atop a tee, allowing the "batter" to swing at a stationary object. Obstensibly a pathway to play in Major League Baseball, Little League has produced few legitimate "stars" in its .. year history, with Jurickson Profar from ther Dutch territory of Curacaoan and Puerto Rican Roberto Alomar among its most recognizable alums.

Little League Baseball was the defendant in a lawsuit in 1973, launched by The National Organization for Women (NOW), founded by the anti-male feminist Betty Friedan, which alleged unfair treatment because girls were not allowed to play. The 12-year-old girl in whose name the case was brought, Maria Pepe, only played in three Little league games after the courts forced her inclusion. Little League continues to promote the homosexual agenda, encouraging girls to play alongside their male counterparts and behave in a masculine way. Girls as old as 13 are desexualized by being dressed in uniforms identical to male players.

The Little League World Series has been played for 69 years, since 1947, and is held in the organization's birthplace, Williamsport, Pennsylvania. While it began as an American tournament that only included teams from the USA it has become international. Taiwan currently holds the most tiles with 17.

==Miscellaneous==

The baseball as we know it—or at least the familiar "figure-eight" stitched cover—was invented in the 1840s by Ellis Drake of Stoughton, Massachusetts.<ref>[http://www.19cbaseball.com/19th-century-baseball.html Nineteenth-century baseballs]</ref>

The umpire's hand signals for "strike" and "out" were invented by deaf baseball player William "Dummy" Hoy (1861-1961)<ref>[http://library.gallaudet.edu/dr/faq-deaf-place-names.html Deaf Place Names]</ref>

 

== References and notes ==
*[http://www.pbs.org/kenburns/baseball/beginners/glossary.html Baseball Glossary] WETA.
*[http://www.nocryinginbaseball.com/glossary/glossary.html Baseball Glossary OF TERMS]
*[http://www.baseball-reference.com/about/pitch_glossary.shtml Pitching Glossary]
*[http://www.baseball-reference.com/about/bat_glossary.shtml Batting Glossary]
<references/>
== External links ==
*[http://mlb.mlb.com/index.jsp The Official Site of Major League Baseball]
*[http://web.minorleaguebaseball.com/index.jsp Minor League Baseball]
*[http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/features/alumni/article.jsp?article=history BASEBALL HISTORY] Major League Baseball Players Alumni Association.
*[http://mlb.mlb.com/mlb/features/alumni/stats.jsp Stats]
*[http://web.baseballhalloffame.org/index.jsp Hall of Fame] National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum, Inc.
== See also ==

*[[Major League Baseball]]
*[[Baseball (disambiguation)]]
{{baseball}}

[[Category:Baseball]]

Duane Gish

2018-04-08T21:02:11Z

Kitanishi: Fix a couple things

{{Infobox person
| name = Duane Gish
| image = Duanegishpic.jpg
| birth_date = February 17, 1921
| birth_place = White City, Kansas
| death_date = March 5, 2013
| death_place = San Diego, California
| nationality = American
| spouse = Lorraine (1st; until her death) Mary Louise (2nd; until his death)
| religion = [[Christianity]]
}}
'''Duane Tolbert Gish''' (February 17, 1921 - March 5, 2013) was a prolific debater for [[YEC|Young Earth Creationism]] and a member of the [[ICR|Institute for Creation Research]].

==Early life and career==
Gish was born on February 17,<ref>Institute for Creation Research</ref> 1921 in White City, [[Kansas]].<ref name="SanDiegoObit">[http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/sandiegouniontribune/obituary.aspx?n=duane-t-gish&pid=163795335 Duane T. Gish - Obituaries]. ''Legacy.com'' (taken from ''The San Diego Union-Tribune''). March 24, 2013. Retrieved October 14, 2016.</ref> During [[World War II]] he served in the [[U.S. Army]] fighting in the Pacific Theater, rising to the rank of [[Captain]] and earning the [[Bronze Star]] for meretricious service.<ref name="SanDiegoObit"/><ref>Looy, Mark (March 6, 2013). [https://answersingenesis.org/ministry-news/ministry/rescued-remembering-the-life-and-legacy-of-dr-duane-t-gish/ Rescued! Remembering the Life and Legacy of Dr. Duane T. Gish]. ''Answers in Genesis''. Retrieved October 14, 2016.</ref>

After the war, Gish went to the University of California, Los Angeles and received a Bachelors of Science degree in chemistry in 1949.<ref name="SanDiegoObit"/><ref name="HallOfFame">[http://creationsciencehalloffame.org/inductees/deceased/duane-t-gish/ Duane T. Gish]. ''Creation Science Hall of Fame''. Retrieved October 14, 2016.</ref> In 1953 he earned a Ph.D. in biochemistry from the University of California, Berkeley.<ref name="SanDiegoObit"/><ref name="HallOfFame"/> He worked at Berkeley as an assistant research associate and as an assistant professor at Cornell University Medical College.<ref name="SanDiegoObit"/><ref name="HallOfFame"/> In 1960 Gish joined the Upjohn Company, located in Kalamazoo, [[Michigan]], serving as a senior research associate in biochemistry until 1970.<ref name="SanDiegoObit"/><ref name="MorrisICR">Henry Morris III (2013). [http://www.icr.org/article/7401/ Duane Gish: Celebrating a Creation Champion]. ''ICR.org'' (from ''Acts & Facts. 42 (5): 18-19''). Retrieved October 14, 2016.</ref>

==Creation scientist==
Gish was one of the several scientists, including [[Henry Morris]], to found the [[Creation Research Society]] in 1963, and he served on its board until 1997.<ref name="MorrisICR"/> He joined the [[Institute for Creation Research]] (ICR) soon after it was formed in 1970 and served as vice president of ICR until 2005.<ref name="SanDiegoObit"/><ref name="MorrisICR"/><ref>Morris, John D. (2005). [http://www.icr.org/article/dr-duane-gish-retires Dr. Duane Gish Retires]. ''ICR.org'' (from ''Acts & Facts. 34 (5)''). Retrieved October 14, 2016.</ref>

==Debating==
Gish took part in over 300 formal debates against evolutionists during his life.<ref name="MorrisICR"/> Due to his effective debating skills and knowledge on the [[creation vs. evolution debate]], Gish was referred to as "creation’s bulldog".<ref name="MorrisICR"/> Critics coined the term "Gish Gallop" when referring to his debating. Gish was viewed as the winner of his debates by friend and foe alike based on audience reaction.<ref name="ankerberg.com">Ankerberg Theological Research Institute, ''Truth in Advertising: Damaging the Cause of Science'', by Dr. John Ankerberg and Dr. John Weldon [http://www.ankerberg.com/Articles/science/SC0104W1E.htm]</ref> So profound was Gish's impact on the debate scene, that [[evolution]]ary websites posted articles stating not how to debate Creationists in general, but instead how to specifically debate Duane Gish. Dr. [[Henry Morris]] wrote of Dr. Gish, saying, "at least in our judgment and that of most in the audiences, he always wins."<ref name="ankerberg.com"/>

Gish once debated [[Madalyn Murray O'Hair]] an atheist activist and founder of [[American Atheists]], and after the debate, Gish recounted that O'Hair said to him "You frighten me!", which Gish believed was because "I didn’t thump the Bible and tell her she was going to Hell, but I approached her in her own element — secular scientific evidence."<ref>[http://creation.com/my-mother-the-most-hated-woman-in-america My Mother: The Most Hated Woman in America] (interview with William J. Murray), by Robert Doolan. ''Creation.com''. Retrieved July 27, 2016.</ref> See also: [[Atheism debates]]

==Beliefs==
As a Christian, Gish believed that salvation is freely obtained through faith in [[Christ]] alone, regardless of ones beliefs on creation.<ref name="Possible?">Gish, Duane (September 1, 1989). [https://answersingenesis.org/theistic-evolution/is-it-possible-to-be-a-christian-and-an-evolutionist/ Is it Possible to be a Christian and an Evolutionist?]. ''Answers in Genesis''. Retrieved August 27, 2016.</ref> Despite this, Gish believed that it is important to believe in biblical young Earth creationism.<ref name="Possible?"/>

==Personal life==
Gish was married to his first wife, Lolly, for 55 years before she died.<ref name="SanDiegoObit"/><ref name="MorrisICR"/> After her death, Gish married his second wife, a widow who was also called Lolly, and they were married for 11 years until his death.<ref name="SanDiegoObit"/><ref name="MorrisICR"/> Gish has four children (two sons and two daughters) with his first wife, two stepsons with his second, nine grandchildren, three step-grandsons, and three great grandchildren.<ref name="SanDiegoObit"/> Gish died on March 6, 2013 at the age of 92.<ref name="SanDiegoObit"/><ref>[http://www.icr.org/article/remembering-dr-duane-t-gish-creations/ Remembering Dr. Duane T. Gish, Creation's 'Bulldog']. ''ICR.org''. Retrieved October 14, 2016.</ref>

Gish had an identical twin brother.<ref name="SanDiegoObit"/>

==Various media examples by and about Gish==
===Facing The Fire===
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LawGTZXBQrQ&feature=channel_page Part 1 of 4]
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hm6umxwRKK8&feature=channel_page Part 2 of 4]
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NCQn5s1fSZ0&feature=channel_page Part 3 of 4]
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aYalAhw8T8s&feature=channel_page Part 4 of 4]
===The Origin of Man===
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z3FZDysZKFQ The Origin of Man]

==References==
<references/>

== External links ==

*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jT7nGNguZg8&list=PL557163935DE7DB84&feature=plpp Dr Ian Plimer vs Dr Duane Gish - 1988 Sydney, Australia Debate]
*[http://icr.org/index.php?module=articles&action=view&ID=404 The Gish - Max Amarillo Debate]
*Morris, Henry; III (2013). [http://www.icr.org/article/7401/ Duane Gish: Celebrating a Creation Champion]. ''Institute for Creation Research'' (from ''Acts & Facts. 42 (5): 18-19'').
*[http://creationsciencehalloffame.org/inductees/deceased/duane-t-gish/ Duane T. Gish profile] at the ''Creation Science Hall of Fame''
*[http://www.creationwiki.org/Duane_Gish Profile] on [[CreationWiki]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Gish, Duane}}

[[Category:Young Earth Creationists]]
[[Category:Scientists]]
[[Category:United States Veterans]]
{{Creation vs. evolution}}

Dannel Malloy

2018-04-08T21:00:04Z

Kitanishi:

'''Dannel Malloy''' is the current governor of [[Connecticut]]. He is a member of the [[Democratic Party]], and as would be expected of a democrat, pushes for higher spending, higher taxes, and generally more restrictions. Because of a budget the Democrats created and Malloy approved of, General Electric has declared it will leave the state and at least three others have threatened to.<ref>http://www.courant.com/politics/capitol-watch/hc-lawmakers-debate-revenue-estimates-liquor-changes-20150601-story.html</ref><ref>http://www.ctpost.com/news/article/GE-says-new-taxes-could-force-it-out-of-6299776.php</ref><ref>http://www.nbcconnecticut.com/news/local/Budget-Deal-Reached-Major-Busineses-Like-GE-and-Aetna-Complain-305769801.html</ref> 
He has also been accused of other often unjust liberal activities. For example, a healthcare network in his state decided to vote on unionizing. After these activists donated to Malloy's campaign fund, he agreed to let them count every undeclared vote as a "yes" vote, and as a result, the Service Employees International Union was formed. He has been making an ongoing effort by any means he can, including the abuse of [[executive order]]s, to form more unions in Connecticut.<ref>http://www.journalinquirer.com/opinion/other_commentary/malloy-and-the-strange-case-of-the-two-new-unions/article_8fde1a58-1704-11e4-bbae-0019bb2963f4.html</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Connecticut Governors]]
[[Category:Liberals]]
[[Category:Anti Second Amendment]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Malloy, Dannel}}

New York City

2018-04-08T20:58:18Z

Kitanishi:

{{City
|picture =Liberty2.jpg
|picture2 =
|map =
|country =United States
|state =New York
|region =
|settled =1624
|charter =
|population =8,405,837
|area =6,720
|density =27,778.7
|mayor =Bill de Blasio
|demonym =New Yorker
|co-ordinates =40.8° N., 73.9° W.<ref>{{Cite book|date=1922|title=World Almanac and Book of Facts for 1923|url=http://archive.org/stream/worldalmanacbook1923unse#page/62/mode/2up/search/munich|series=series: World Almanac and Book of Facts|language=English|location=New York|publisher=Press Pub Co. (''The New York World'')|pages=63}} Rounded down toward zero.</ref>
}}

[[File:Nyc1.jpg|thumb|450px|the center of the metropolitan area, which stretches into Connecticut (to the northeast) and New Jersey (to the west)]]
'''New York City''', officially the '''City of New York''', is a city and metropolis in the state of [[New York]], located on the East coast of the [[United States of America]]. New York City is known best for the [[New York Stock Exchange]] and financial district, its [[liberal media]], its [[liberal]] [[Broadway]] shows, and its high cost of living. Shows broadcast from New York City include ''The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon'', ''The Late Show with Stephen Colbert'', ''Saturday Night Live'' and Fox News; New York City is also where the major networks grew in influence: [[ABC]], [[CBS]] and [[NBC]].

With a population of 19 million in the three-state metropolitan area (and 8,140,000 in the city as in 2005), it is the most populous urban area in the [[United States]]. The city is divided into five different counties, called boroughs. Manhattan is the financial, commercial, and tourist center. Brooklyn is the most populous of the boroughs, and suburban Queens is the largest in area. The other two boroughs are [[The Bronx]], a downscale residential area, and suburban Staten Island. The modern city was formed in 1898 through a merger of the original New York City with Brooklyn.

New York City is the cultural capital of the world; it has global importance in fashion, finance, news, diplomacy, education, medicine and arts. The city is a world-class tourist destination. It contains many landmarks, including the [[Statue of Liberty]], [[Wall Street]], in Lower Manhattan, and many others. The city (along with its #2 rival Chicago) invented the skyscraper, and still has some of the tallest buildings in the world, like [[Empire State Building]]; the original [[World Trade Center]] towers were destroyed by Islamic terrorists in the [[September 11, 2001 attacks]]. [[File:Gotham1.jpg|thumb|220px]]

==Transportation==
New York owes its success to its status as the major hub of world transportation by air and water. It grew because it has one of the world's finest natural harbors. Even before climate change it was ice-free year-round and deep enough to enable large ships to reach its piers, regardless of the tide. The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey was established in 1921 by the two states in order to administer jointly the shared waterfront. Most traffic is now handled through containers. Three major airports serve the city: John F. Kennedy International Airport (for international travel) and La Guardia Airport (for domestic travel), as well as nearby Newark International Airport. All three airports are operated by the Port Authority, which also operates certain bridges, tunnels and subway lines that connect New York and New Jersey.

When [[Hurricane Irene]] was headed for the city in August 2011 following a harsh winter, the MTA (Metropolitan Transportation Authority) shut down all its commuter rail, subway and buses. This move was criticized by some as excessively cautious.

== History ==
The first Dutch settlers arrived on Manhattan in 1624, naming the town New Amsterdam. Indian claims were bought out for the equivalent of $24. The Dutch sent settlers up the Hudson River (which is easily navigable by sailing vessels) to Albany. The Dutch colony, named New Amsterdam, was run in autocratic fashion by Governor Peter Stuyvesant. It soon had a [[cosmopolitan]] flavor, with freedom of religion and numerous ethnic and religious groups; the Dutch brought slaves as house servants.<ref>Slavery was finally abolished in 1799.</ref> The city was captured in war by the British in 1664; they renamed both the city and the colony for the Duke of York (who later became King [[James II]]).
[[File:Nyc2.jpg|thumb|450px|Manhattan neighborhoods]]
The use of [[Ellis Island]] as the checkpoint for millions of European immigrants in the late 19th Century caused New York City's population to swell, as many settled in the city.

[[Image:800px-Times Square Panorama1.jpg|thumb|800px|center|Times Square.]]

== Politics ==
New York City is historically considered a [[liberal]] city, with the majority of the population voting Democrat. However, the mayor has recently been [[Republican]], in the case of [[Rudy Giuliani]] or independent in the case of the [[liberal]] [[Michael Bloomberg]]. In November 2013, liberal Democrat Bill de Blasio was elected mayor and despite his anti-law enforcement rhetoric and liberal socialistic policies, was re-elected in November, 2017. [[Fox News Channel]] is based there in Manhattan. Of the 13 congressional districts that include parts of New York City, only one is represented by a Republican (Daniel M. Donovan, Jr. of [[Staten Island]]).

New York City has strict [[gun control]] laws and is rumored to make it hard for civilians to obtain even non lethal [[Pepper spray|self-defense sprays]].

== Culture ==
[[Image:Duke Ellington Statue.jpg|thumb|[[Duke Ellington]] Statue.]]
New York City is home to top-notch museums in [[art]], [[architecture]], photography, natural history, television, radio and technology, like: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, The Frick Collection, the National Design Museum, the Museum of Natural History,
and the National Academy Museum and School of Fine Arts.<ref>[http://www.ny.com/museums/mile.html Museums in New York City]</ref>

Featured cultural sites are:

•Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts

•Carnegie Hall

•Radio City Music Hall

•Hayden Planetarium

•New York Aquarium

•The Morgan Library

•New York Public Library

•Rose Center for Earth and Space

•International Center of Photography

•Empire State Building Lobby Gallery

•SculptureCenter

•Museum of Biblical Art

•Staten Island Institute of Arts & Sciences

•Center for Architecture

•Studio Museum in Harlem

==Boroughs==
Each of New York City's [[borough]]s is [[coterminous]] with a [[county]] in the State of New York. The five boroughs are:
* [[Manhattan]] (New York County)
* [[Brooklyn]] (Kings County)
* [[Queens]] (Queens County)
* [[The Bronx]] (Bronx County)
* [[Staten Island]] (Richmond County)

Each borough elects its own borough President and district attorney. Unlike the [[London]] boroughs, the boroughs of New York City do not operate as [[local government]]s. All of the non-Manhattan boroughs are sometimes referred to collectively as "the outer boroughs" as they are arranged in a sort of semicircle around Manhattan. Each borough has its own court system, and two boroughs have separate public library systems.

Many places have been proposed as "Sixth Boroughs," which can carry a different meaning depending on who is asked. Some areas often cited as "Sixth Boroughs" include:
* [[Hudson County]], [[New Jersey]]
* [[Nassau County]], [[Long Island]], [[New York]]
* [[Westchester County]], [[New York]]
* [[Newark]], [[New Jersey]]
* [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]]

== See also ==
[[Image:NYC.jpg|thumb|400px|Historic Manhattan]]
*[[Fiorello La Guardia]]
*[[Art cities]]
*[[New York Yankees]]

== External links ==
*[http://www.ny.com/museums/museum.of.american.financial.history.html Museum of American Financial History.]
*[http://www.metmuseum.org/ The Met.]
*[http://www.nyc-arts.org/ NYC ARTS.]
*[http://www.nycwalk.com/rock.html A Walking Tour of Rockefeller Center's Public Art.]

==Further reading==
[[Image:Prometheus Fountain at the Rockefeller Center.jpg|thumb|240px|Prometheus Fountain at the Rockefeller Center.]]
* Burrows, Edwin G., and Mike Wallace. ''Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898'' (2000) [http://www.amazon.com/Gotham-History-York-City-1898/dp/0195140494/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1262334804&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search], the best history; Pulitzer prize
* Caro, Robert. ''The Power Broker: Robert Moses and the Fall of New York.'' (1973) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/0394720245/ref=sib_dp_pt#reader-link excerpt and text search]
* Jackson, Kenneth, ed. ''The Encyclopedia of New York City'' (1995), the best reference book; 1350pp; [http://www.amazon.com/Encyclopedia-New-York-City/dp/0300055366/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1240594479&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
* Jackson, Kenneth and Sam Roberts, eds. ''The Almanac of New York City'' (2008)
* Kessner, Thomas. ''Fiorello H. LaGuardia and the Making of Modern New York'' (1989) the most detailed standard scholarly biography
* Slayton, Robert A. ''Empire Statesman: The Rise and Redemption of Al Smith,'' (2001), 480pp, the standard scholarly biography; [http://www.amazon.com/Empire-Statesman-Rise-Redemption-Smith/dp/1416567771/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1196822024&sr=1-2 excerpt and text search]

==References==
*[http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0763098.html Information Please - Top 50 Cities in the U.S.]
<references/>

[[Category:New York Cities and Towns]]
[[Category:New York City]]
[[Category:Urban History]]
[[Category:Most Liberal American Cities]]