Conservapedia - User contributions [en]

13 American colonies

2011-10-13T23:03:48Z

KevinYan:

<!--#REDIRECT [[Thirteen Colonies]]

13th Amendment

2011-10-13T23:03:48Z

KevinYan:

<!--#REDIRECT [[Thirteenth Amendment]]

12 Disciples

2011-10-13T23:03:48Z

KevinYan:

<!--#redirect [[Twelve Apostles]]

12 Steps

2011-10-13T23:03:47Z

KevinYan:

<!--#REDIRECT [[Alcoholics Anonymous]]

12(b)(6)

2011-10-13T23:03:47Z

KevinYan:

<!--A '''12(b)(6)''', named after the subsection of the [[Federal Rules of Civil Procedure]] on which it is based, is a [[motion]] that is filed by a [[defendant]] in the opening stages of a [[Federal]] [[civil]] case. The motion declares that there is a "failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted," or in other words, even assuming the allegations made by the [[plaintiff]] are true, there is no [[legal]] basis for relief.
==References==
*[http://www.law.cornell.edu/rules/frcp/Rule12.htm Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12]

[[Category:Law]]

12 tribes

2011-10-13T23:03:47Z

KevinYan:

<!--#redirect [[Twelve Tribes of Israel]]

12 tribes of Israel

2011-10-13T23:03:47Z

KevinYan:

<!--#redirect [[Twelve Tribes of Israel]]

12th Amendment

2011-10-13T23:03:47Z

KevinYan:

<!--#REDIRECT [[Twelfth Amendment]]

10th and Wolf

2011-10-13T23:03:46Z

KevinYan:

<!--'''10th & Wolf''' (2006) is a film about the son of a made member of the [[Mafia]] who tries to escape the world of [[organized crime]] by joining the [[Marines]]. He feels let down when the government 'cuts a deal' to leave Saddam in power and gets himself thrown out of the Marines, only to be offered an FBI deal if he'll rat out the mob in his old neighborhood.

When Tommy comes back to the neighborhood, he's welcomed by his aunt, his brother Vincent, and his cousin Joey, who owns a strip club with a tall one-legged murderer named Junior. Joey knows that Junior murdered Willy, but refuses to tell his widow Brandy anything; instead, he offers her a bartending job at the club, which is managed by Vincent.

[[category:movies]]

110th United States Congress

2011-10-13T23:03:46Z

KevinYan:

<!--[[Image:102.gif|350px|right|thumb|The Zogby International Poll reported a "paltry 11 percent rated Congress positively, beating the previous low of 14 percent in July." <ref>[http://www.zogby.com/news/ReadNews.dbm?ID=1359 Reuters/Zogby Poll], Septermber 19, 2007.</ref>]]
The [[Democratic party]] which gained control of the [[U.S. House of Representatives]] in the 2006 Congressional midterm elections had promised major reforms within the first 100 hours. One reform in particular was lobbying and ethics reform--a key plank in the fall 2006 campaign. Democrats vowed greater openness in the Congressional Appropriations process, and an end to so-called "[[earmark]]s", an appropriation designated to spend specific money on a specific project in a specific members district, sometimes designating a specific private business concern to whom the money is to be spent with. Several Republican members had been caught up in so-called earmark scandals, trading money for influence, and this was widely accredited as a key reason why the GOP lost control of the House after a dozen years.

==Achievements==

In the first five months of 2007 after the Democratic party took control of Congress, the majority party,

* Reissued a "blank check" to the President on the [[Iraq War]], which allegedly was opposed by 70 percent <ref>[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/18831132/ The entire government has failed us on Iraq], Keith Olbermann, MSNBC ''Countdown'', May 24, 2007.</ref> in opinion polls and was vociferously opposed by many Congressional candidates in 2006. The bill included an increase in the [[minimum wage]].

* Successfully renamed six post offices, four courthouses, a national park, and one of the buildings housing the Department of Education in Washington. They also extended the lives of two government commissions, reduced the membership of the Red Cross board of governors from 50 to 20, and authorized construction of 541 feet of road on a flood plain in St. Louis County, Missouri.

*Kept the government going with two temporary spending bills, completed one appropriations bill which was vetoed, redesignated five Eastern European countries (Albania, Macedonia, Croatia, Georgia and Ukraine) for security aid, and passed a bill on penalties for animal fighting that had passed in the Republican Congress last year.

*Voted to kill lobbying reforms that were part of the 2006 [[Honest Leadership and Open Government Act]] Democratic candidates made a centerpiece of their campaign message in 2006. <ref>[http://thehill.com/leading-the-news/panel-softens-lobbying-bill-provisions-2007-05-17.html Panel softens lobbying bill provisions], By Alexander Bolton, ''The Hill'', May 17, 2007.</ref>

*Passed a bill to allow [[federal funding]] of stem cell research on lines of stem cells derived from discarded human embryos created for fertility treatments. The bill caused the first veto of Bush's presidency.

*Passed a bipartisan bill expanding the State Children's Health Insurance Program, increasing coverage by 4 million people by 2012. After a Bush veto, Congress passed a second version which was also vetoed by the President.

*Passed the appropriations bill to fund the Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education for 2008. It was vetoed by the President and did not pass an override.

By mid June 2007, Congressional Approval ratings had hit a new low, with only 23% of the American people expressing approval, worse than [[President George W. Bush]] had experienced. <ref>[http://www.washingtontimes.com/national/20070617-115222-5077r.htm Democratic Congress shows cracks], By Donald Lambro, ''The Washington Times'', June 18, 2007.</ref> The ''L.A. Times'' reported Congressional Approval ratings were the lowest in a decade--since the [[Bill_Clinton#Impeachment|Clinton Impeachment]] trial. <ref>[http://www.latimes.com/news/politics/la-na-pelosi12jun12,1,2398539.story?coll=la-headlines-politics&ctrack=1&cset=true Approval of Congress lowest in a decade], By Noam N. Levey, ''L.A. Times'', June 12, 2007.</ref>

==Earmark reform==

A House ethics panel is led by a lawmaker who holds the record for taking the most free travel, while another panel member was implicated in the recent flap over the firing of U.S. attorneys. The earmark process by which so-called "pork barrel" projects are doled out to members by June of 2007 saw no major changes. In fact, rules approved the first day in power in January, the ''Associated Press'' reported, where being ignored. Rep. [[David Obey]] of Wisconsin, Chairman of the House Appropriations Committee, instructed members to withhold "earmark requests" until September.

According to the ''Associated Press'', what Obey did ran counter to new rules Democrats promised that would make spending decisions more open. Those rules made it clear that projects earmarked for federal dollars and their sponsors were to be made available to public scrutiny. The rules also require lawmakers requesting such projects to provide a written explanation describing their requests and a letter certifying that they or their spouse would not make any financial gain from them. The greater transparency was intended to lead to more self-discipline on the part of lawmakers. <ref> [http://www.foxnews.com/wires/2007Jun03/0,4670,CongressPetProjects,00.html House Keeps Pet Projects From Scrutiny] Andrew Taylor, Associated Press, June 03, 2007.</ref> Two weeks later, a group called Citizens Against Government Waste (CAGW) reported that after a wave of protest from across the [[political spectrum]], Democrats backed down from plans to keep taxpayers in the dark about tens of billions of dollars in congressionally earmarked spending. CAGW President Tom Schatz said
“Chairman Obey wanted to stay behind closed doors and play ‘God’ with earmarks, but the taxpayers won this battle for transparency and accountability.” <ref>[http://www.cagw.org/site/News2?page=NewsArticle&id=10818 Obey Lost - Taxpayers Won!], Citizens Against Waste in Government Press Release June 15, 2007.</ref>

The legislative journal, ''The Hill'', reported Sen. [[Carl Levin]] and Sen. [[Hillary Rodham Clinton]] were the two top Senatorial [[Pork#Government_Budgets|pork barrel]] reciepients via the earmark process in 2007. <ref>[http://thehill.com/leading-the-news/clinton-can-boast-wealth-of-earmarks-2007-06-13.html Clinton can boast wealth of earmarks], By Roxana Tiron and Ilan Wurman, ''The Hill'', June 13, 2007.</ref>

==Tax increases==
House Energy and Commerce Committee Chairman [[John Dingell]] of Michigan announced a proposal for a new carbon tax that would increase the gasoline tax by 50 cents. In addition to raising the gasoline tax, Dingell’s new proposal would institute a “double digit” tax on each ton of carbon dioxide emitted. <ref>[http://thehill.com/leading-the-news/dingell-to-propose-50-cent-gasoline-tax-increase-2007-07-07.html Dingell to propose 50 cent gasoline tax increase], By Chris Good, ''The Hill'', July 07, 2007.</ref>

The ''[[Wall Street Journal]]'' reported in April House Ways and Means Chairman [[Charlie Rangel]] effectively declared the death of [[Reaganomics]] in America. Democrats have come up with an idea to slow the 17 million middle class Americans subject [[Alternative Minimum Tax]] (AMT). Changes in the AMT rate, and the treatment of dividends and capital gains, still leaves the budget at least $600 billion short of paying for the AMT fix. House Democrats have acknowledged that to close this final gap, they will have to consider raising personal income taxes.

The top AMT rate would increase to 31.5% from 28%. Democratic tax experts also recommend eliminating the lower rate for capital gains and dividends for those subject to the AMT. This would raise the capital gains tax rate to about 31% from its present 15% rate. <ref>[http://online.wsj.com/article/SB117789342653886488-search.html?KEYWORDS=tax&COLLECTION=wsjie/6month $650 Billion Tax Hike,] Stephen Moore, Op-Ed, ''The Wall Street Journal'', 4/30/07.</ref>

== Other Congresses ==
* Next: [[111th United States Congress]]
* Previous: [[109th United States Congress]]
* See also: [[103rd United States Congress]]
* [[H.R. 1592: Local Law Enforcement Hate Crimes Prevention Act of 2007]]

==See also==
*[[H.R. 1592: Local Law Enforcement Hate Crimes Prevention Act of 2007]]

==References==
<references/>

==External links==
*[http://www.therealdemocratstory.com/ The Real Democrat Story], Open the File on the Freshmen Democrats.
*[http://www.crooksandliars.com/2007/06/23/rep-patrick-mchenry-earmark-crusader/ Rep. Patrick McHenry: Earmark Crusader: Updated], By: Nicole Belle on Saturday, June 23rd, 2007.

[[Category:United States History]]
[[Category:United States]]
[[Category:Statesmen]]
[[Category:110th United States Congress]]

100 BC

2011-10-13T23:03:45Z

KevinYan:

<!--[[Augustus Caesar]]

[[Battle of Actium]]

[[Claudius]]

[[Cleopatra]]

[[Horace]]

[[Julius Caesar]]

[[Livy]]

[[Marc Antony]]

[[Octavian]]

[[Ovid]]

[[Pax Romana]]

[[Virgil]]

[[Category:Years]]

12 Apostles

2011-10-13T23:03:45Z

KevinYan:

<!--#redirect [[Twelve Apostles]]

10mm Auto

2011-10-13T23:03:44Z

KevinYan:

<!--The '''10mm Auto''' (10x25mm) is a cartridge for semi-automatic pistols, developed by firearms visionary Jeff Cooper and originally produced by ammunition manufacturer FFV Norma AB of Åmotfors, Sweden.

It was originally introduced in 1983 for the Bren Ten pistol, of ''Magnum PI'' fame. That pistol was later followed by the Colt Dela Elite.

==Adoption and Rejection by the FBI==

In the late 1980s, the FBI adopted the 10mm round in the S&W 1076 pistol. This chambering was selected due to the Bureau's dissatisfaction with the performance of the .38 Special cartridge in the S&W revolver during the infamous 1986 Miami FBI shootout, in which special agents [[Gerald Dove]] and [[Benjamin Grogan]] were martyred by two criminals.

The FBI chose the 10mm round based on its superior ballistic performance, producing up to 744 ft·lbf (nearly equaling the .41 Magnum). Shortly thereafter, the Bureau was forced to relinquish their 10mm pistols, switching instead to the .40 S&W cartridge, a round of very similar design, but less stopping power.

The decision to change to the .40 S&W was caused by the inability of many FBI agents to cope with the recoil produced by a full-power combat cartridge. At this point in the FBI's history, [[affirmative action]] programs had led to the hiring of a substantially different demographic than had been hired in the past. Further, many new recruits in the 1980s had generally been too young to have served in the [[Vietnam War]], which combined with a general urbanization of the United States as well as politico-cultural pressures against legal firearms ownership, left the FBI with a pool of candidates unfamiliar with and uncomfortable with firearms. Accordingly, a change was made to a less-powerful cartridge that could be easily handled by the average recruit.

FBI statistics do not indicate how many shootings have failed to stop a suspect due to the usage of a reduced power cartridge.

==Non-LEO usage==

The 10mm cartridge continues to enjoy a fringe popularity among certain firearms enthusiasts:
*Those who hunt medium mammals such as wild hog or deer utilize 10mm autopistols such as the [[Glock]] 20 or Colt Delta Elite.
*Those with the training to handle a full-power cartridge offer prefer the 10mm for self-defense.
*Those competing in tactical shooting competitions (IDPA, IPSC) sometimes use the S&W 610 10mm revolver, since the 10mm cartridges can be united by a single "moon-clip", giving the shooter a reloading speed advantage over the traditional revolver.

As of 2008, several companies have reintroduced 10mm products that had languished in past years, leading to hopes for the long-term viability of the cartridge, albeit more for the specialist than the average shooter.

[[Category: Guns]]

11th Amendment

2011-10-13T23:03:44Z

KevinYan:

<!--#REDIRECT [[Eleventh Amendment]]

10 Years

2011-10-13T23:03:44Z

KevinYan:

<!--'''10 Years''' is a hard [[rock music|rock]] band. They're known for singles such as "Wasteland" and "Prey" and the album ''The Autumn Effect''. Their song "Wasteland" was their first song to chart a #1 single on the Billboard Modern Rock Charts. "Wasteland" also made #2 on the Mainstream Rock Charts and #94 on the Billboard Hot 100.

[[Category:Alternative Rock Bands]]

10 Commandments for drivers

2011-10-13T23:03:43Z

KevinYan:

<!--#REDIRECT [[Ten_Commandments_for_drivers]]

110th Congress

2011-10-13T23:03:43Z

KevinYan:

<!--#REDIRECT [[110th United States Congress]]

10th Mountain Division

2011-10-13T23:03:43Z

KevinYan:

<!--The '''10th Mountain Division''' is a light infantry division of the [[United States Army]] currently serving under the XVIII Airborne Corps. The unit's specialty involves fighting effectively in harsh conditions. Like the rest of the corps, it is designed for rapid deployment anywhere in the world. The division is currently based at Fort Drum, New York.

==Overview==
As a specially tailored infantry division, the 10th Mountain Division is rapidly deployable by strategic airlift to conduct a full spectrum of operations from humanitarian relief to combat. Over the last decade, the division has been involved in more deployments than any other division in the Army.

Rapid deployment is the foundation for a ready 10th Mountain Division. Ninety-six hours after notification, the division is expected to deploy by air, sea and land, worldwide. In order to ensure readiness for rapid deployment, the division designates subordinate units that will deploy first. At any given time, one of the division's two infantry brigades is designated as the First Infantry Brigade to Deploy (FIBTD), with one battalion task force within the brigade designated first to deploy. The deployment readiness of the brigade centers on the philosophy that it will deploy with the personnel and equipment on-hand at the time of notification.

The 10th Mountain Division is designated a Force Package 3 unit and is considered a reinforcing combat unit or "follow-on force". The Army distributes its limited resources utilizing a "tiered resource" policy. Tiered resource means providing the highest level of warfighting resources to the "first to fight, first to deploy, and first to be required" units. Per war plans and current strategic lift schedules, the 10th Mountain Division can expect to remain a Force Package 3 unit with its authorized personnel strength between 90 and 95 percent. Units selected for peace operations normally are those not deemed immediately crucial in the event of a major theater war. As such, their resourcing generally is below that of the Army's "first to deploy/fight" units.

The division commander's goal is to keep deployment tempo for units below 120 days per year. The FY98 projected deployment tempo for 1-32 and 1-87 Infantry Battalion's was 116 days. The projected deployment tempo for 2-22 Infantry is estimated at 158 days due to Alpha Company's deployment to Bosnia in support of Operation Joint Guard. Moral and discipline within the division are outstanding. The 10th Mountain Division was one of only a few divisions in the Army to reach its Department of the Army reenlistment objectives for FY97.

In November 1939, the Soviet Union invaded Finland. Finnish soldiers on skis annihilated two tank divisions, humiliating the Russians. Charles Minot (Minnie) Dole, the president of the National Ski Patrol, saw this as a perfect example of why the U.S. Army needed mountain troops. Dole spent months lobbying the War Department to train troops in mountain and winter warfare. In September 1940, Dole was able to present his case to General George C. Marshall, the Army Chief of Staff, who caused the Army take action on Dole’s proposals to create ski units.

On December 8, 1941, the Army activated its first mountain unit, the 87th Mountain Infantry Battalion (Later became an entire Regiment) at Fort Lewis, Washington. The unit was dubbed "Minnie's Ski Troops" in honor of Dole. The 87th trained on Mount Rainier's 14,408 foot peak. The National Ski Patrol took on the unique role of recruiting for the 87th Infantry Regiment and later the Division. After returning from the Kiska Campaign in the Aleutian Islands near Alaska the 87th formed the core of the new Division.

==World War II==
This unique organization came into being on July 13, 1943, at Camp Hale, Colorado as the 10th Light Division (Alpine). The combat power of the Division was contained in the 85th, 86th, and 87th Infantry Regiments. The Division's year training at the 9,200 foot high Camp Hale honed the skills of its soldiers to fight and survive under the most brutal mountain conditions.

On June 22, 1944, the Division was shipped to Camp Swift, Texas to prepare for the Louisiana maneuvers of 1944, which were later canceled. A period of acclimation to a low altitude and hot climate was necessary to prepare for this training.

On November 6, 1944, the 10th Division was redesignated the 10th Mountain Division. That same month the blue and white "Mountain" tab was authorized.

The division entered combat on January 28, 1945 in the North Apennine Mountains of Italy. The division faced German positions arrayed along the 5 mile long Monte Belvedere-Monte della Torraccia ridge. Other divisions had attempted to assault Mount Belvedere three times, even holding it temporarily, but none had succeeded. To get to Mount Belvedere the division first had to take a ridge line to the west known to the Americans as the Riva Ridge. The Germans on Riva Ridge protected the approaches to Mount Belvedere. The assault on Riva Ridge was the task of the 1st Battalion and F Company, 2d Battalion, 86th Mountain Infantry. After much scouting, it was decided the assault would be at night, a 1,500-vertical-assent. The Germans considered the ridge to be impossible to scale and manned it with only one battalion of mountain troops. The attack by the 86th on February 18, 1945, was a complete success and an unwelcome surprise to the Germans.

Mount Belvedere was assaulted next. Belvedere was heavily manned and protected with minefields. Shortly after the 86th assault on the Riva Ridge, the 85th and 87th Regiments made a bayonet attack without covering artillery fire on Belvedere beginning on February 19th. Again the surprise of the assault was successful and after a hard fight, the peak was captured. Realizing the importance of the peak, the Germans made seven counterattacks over two days. After the first three days of intense combat, the division lost 850 casualties to include 195 dead. The 10th had captured over 1,000 prisoners. The 10th was now in a position to breach the German's Apennine Mountain line, take Highway 65 and open the way to the Po Valley.

On April 14, 1945, the final phase of the war in Italy began. With the 85th and 87th leading, the 10th Mountain Division attacked toward the Po Valley spearheading the Fifth Army drive. The fighting was fierce with the loss of 553 mountain infantryman killed, wounded, or missing in the first day.

On April 14th, Private First Class John D. Magrath, from East Norwalk, Connecticut, assigned to Company G, 2d Battalion 85th Infantry, became the division's only Medal of Honor recipient. His company was pinned down by heavy artillery, mortar and small-arms fire near Castel d’ Aiano, Italy. Shortly after the company had crossed the line of departure, it came under intense enemy fire and the company commander, Captain Halvorson was killed. Volunteering to accompany the acting commander with a small reconnaissance party moving on Hill 909, radioman Magrath set out with the group. After going only a few yards, the party was pinned down. But instead of flopping to the ground as the others had done, Magrath, armed only with his M-1 Garand, charged ahead and disappeared around the corner of a house. Coming face to face with two Germans manning a machine gun, Magrath killed one and forced the other to surrender. Five more of the enemy emerged from their foxholes, firing at Magrath and retreating toward their own lines. Discarding his rifle in favor of the deadlier German MG-34 machine gun, Magrath mowed down the fleeing enemy, killing one and wounding three. He then saw another German position, moved forward, and exchanged fire until he had killed two and wounded three and captured their weapon. The rest of Company G followed his lead with amazed admiration. Later that day, Magrath volunteered to run through heavy shelling to gather a casualty report. As he was crossing an open field, two mortar rounds landed at his feet, killing him instantly. John Magrath, age nineteen, was awarded the Medal of Honor, posthumously. In June 1995, Fort Drum, New York renamed its Soldiers Sports Complex as the John D. Magrath Gymnasium. A plaque and portrait at Magrath Gym honor his memory.

Early on April 20th, the seventh day of the attack, the first units of the 85th Infantry Regiment broke out into Po Valley. Five days of attack had cost 1,283 casualties. With the German's mountain line broken, the next objective was to cross the Po River.

On the morning of April 23rd, the 10th was the first division to reach the Po River. The first battalion of the 87th Mountain Infantry, the original mountain infantry unit, made the crossing under fire in 50 light canvas assault boats.

The final combat for the 10th Division took place in the vicinity of Lake Garda, a canyon lake at the foothills of the Alps. On April 27, 1945, the first troops reached the south end of the lake, cutting off the German Army's main escape route to the Brenner Pass. The drive was delayed by destroyed tunnels and road blocks. Using amphibious DUKWs, these obstacles were bypassed and the towns of Riva and Tarbole at the head of the lake were captured. Organized resistance in Italy ended on May 2, 1945.

The 10th completely destroyed five elite German divisions. In 114 days of combat, the 10th Division suffered casualties of 992 killed in action and 4,154 wounded.

Since the 10th Mountain Division was one of the last to enter combat, it was to be used in the projected invasion of Japan. These plans ended with the surrender of Japan in August 1945. After a brief tour of duty in the Army of Occupation in Italy, the 10th was sent to Camp Carson, Colorado. There on 30 November 1945, the 10th Mountain Division was disbanded.

==Postwar years==
Veterans of the 10th Mountain Division were in a large part responsible for the development of skiing into a big name sport and popular vacation industry after World War II. Ex-soldiers from the 10th laid out ski hills, built ski lodges, designed ski lifts and improved ski equipment. They started ski magazines and opened ski schools. Vail, Aspen, Sugarbush, Crystal Mountain, and Whiteface Mountain are but a few of the ski resorts built by 10th Mountain veterans.

To meet the Army's requirements to train large numbers of replacements the 10th was reactivated as a training division on July 1, 1948, at Fort Riley, Kansas. It didn’t retain its wartime designation as a Mountain Division and as result lost its "Mountain" tab. The Division had the mission of processing and training new soldiers for service with other Army units. The outbreak of the Korean Conflict in June 1950, enlarged this mission. A total of 123,000 men completed basic training with the 10th during the period 1948-1953.

In January 1954, the Department of Army announced that the 10th Division would become a combat infantry division, and be sent to Europe under a new rotation policy. The 10th Training Division was reduced to zero strength in May 1954. The personnel and equipment of the 37th Infantry Division were brought to Fort Riley, and on June 15, 1954, became the new 10th Infantry Division. In what became known as Operation Gyroscope, the 10th replaced the 1st Infantry Division in Germany. The headquarters of the 10th Division was located in Wurzburg, with all units stationed within a 75 miles radius. Stretched in an arc, from Frankfurt to Nurenburg, the 10th occupied a strategic center position in the NATO defense forces. With 9 Infantry Battalions, 4 Artillery Battalions, and one Tank Battalion, the 10th Infantry Division was a powerful military force. The 10th Division was in turn replaced in Germany by the 3rd Infantry Division in 1958. The 10th was then sent to Fort Benning, Georgia and inactivated on June 14, 1958.

==Reactivation==
The Division was officially reactivated on February 13, 1985, at Fort Drum, New York as the 10th Mountain Division (Light Infantry). The division commander after reactivation was Brigadier General William S. Carpenter. The 10th was the first division of any kind formed by the Army since 1975 and the first based in the Northeast US since World War II. The 10th Mountain Division (LI) was designed to meet a wide range of worldwide infantry-intensive contingency missions. Equipment design was oriented toward reduced size and weight for reasons of both strategic and tactical mobility.

==Desert Shield/Desert Storm==
Although the 10th didn't deploy to Southwest Asia as a unit, about 1,200 10th Mountain Division soldiers did go. The largest unit to deploy was the 548th Supply and Services Battalion with almost 1,000 soldiers, which supported the 24th Mechanized Infantry Division in Iraq. Following a cease-fire in March, the first Division soldiers began redeploying to Fort Drum. The last soldiers were welcomed home in June 1991.

==Hurricane Andrew relief==
Hurricane Andrew struck South Florida on August 24, 1992, killing 13 people, rendering an estimated 250,000 people homeless and causing damages in excess of 20 billion dollars. On September 27, 1992, the 10th Mountain Division assumed responsibility for Hurricane Andrew disaster relief as Task Force Mountain. Division soldiers set up relief camps, distributed food, clothing, medical necessities and building supplies as well as helping to rebuild homes and clear debris. The last of the 6,000 Division soldiers to deployed to Florida returned home in October 1992.

==Somalia==
Operation Restore Hope - December 1992 to May 1993. On December 3, 1993, the Division headquarters was designated as the headquarters for all Army Forces (ARFOR) of the Unified Task Force (UNITAF) for Operation Restore Hope. Major General Steven L. Arnold, the Division Commander, was named Army Forces commander. The Division's mission was to secure major cities and roads to provide safe passage of relief supplies to the starving Somali population. Due to 10th Mountain Division efforts, humanitarian agencies declared an end to the food emergency and factional fighting decreased. A Company, 41st Engineer Battalion built a 160 foot Bailey bridge north of Kismayo. It was the largest Bailey bridge built outside the U.S. since the Vietnam War. Beginning in mid February 1993, the Division began the gradual reduction of forces in Somalia.

==Operation Continue Hope==
On 4 May, the UN assumed the task of securing the flow of relief supplies in Somalia. All remaining Division units in Somalia came under the control of a new headquarters, United Nations Operations in Somalia (UNOSOM II).

On 3 October, Special Operations Task Force Ranger (TFR) conducted a daylight raid on an enemy stronghold, deep in militia-held Mogadishu. The Rangers had successfully captured some of warlord Mohammed Farah Aidid's key aides but went to the aid of an aircraft shot down by enemy fire. They were quickly surrounded by Somali gunmen. The 2-14th Infantry Battalion quick reaction force (QRF) was dispatched to secure the ground evacuation route. As darkness fell, the 2-14th Infantry was reinforced with coalition armor and for three hours they fought a moving gun battle from the gates of the Port to the Olympic Hotel and the Ranger perimeter. The 2-14th was successful in linking up with the Rangers and began withdrawal under fire along a route secured by Pakistani forces. As dawn broke over the city the exhausted soldiers marched, rode, and stumbled into the protective Pakistani enclave at city stadium. For 2-14th soldiers, the ordeal had lasted over twelve hours. The 2-14th had a total of twenty-nine soldiers wounded and one killed. Task Force Ranger suffered nineteen killed, fifty-seven wounded, and one missing (captured, later returned alive). Estimates of Somali militia losses were three hundred killed and over seven hundred wounded. With six and a half hours of continuous fighting, this was the longest sustained firefight by regular US forces since the Vietnam War.

The last divisional combat unit stationed in Somalia, 2d Battalion, 22d Infantry returned home March 12, 1994. In all, some 7,300 soldiers from the 10th served in Somalia.

==Haiti==
The Division formed the nucleus of the Multinational Force Haiti (MNF Haiti) and Joint Task Force 190 (JTF 190) in Haiti during Operation Uphold Democracy. The MNF-Haiti was the US led coalition force in Haiti which included soldiers from 20 nations. More than 8,600 of the almost 21,000 troops in Haiti wore the 10th Mountain Division patch.

At 0930 hours, on 19 September 1994, the Division's 1st Brigade conducted the Army’s first air assault from an aircraft carrier. This force consisted of 54 helicopters and almost 2,000 soldiers. They occupied the Port-au-Prince International Airport. This was the largest Army air operation conducted from a carrier since the Doolittle Raid in World War II, where Army Air Force bombers were launched off of a carrier to attack Tokyo.

The Division's mission was to create a secure and stable environment under which the legitimate government of Haitian President Jean-Bertrand Aristide could be reestablished and democratic elections held. The final step in preparing for Aristide’s return from exile occurred early on October 13th, when General Cedras, his family and members his de-facto government left the country for Panama. When President Aristide returned to the Port-au-Prince International Airport on October 15, 1994, his security was provide courtesy of the 10th Mountain Division.

The 10th Mountain Division handed over control of the MNF-Haiti to the 25th Infantry Division on January 15, 1995. The Division redeployed the last of more than 8,600 Division soldiers who served in Haiti by January 31, 1995.

==Bosnia==
The 642d Engineer Company deployed for Bosnia on March 18, 1997 for a 6 month tour constructing and maintaining roads and base camps. Two companies of the 2d Battalion, 14th Infantry deployed for Bosnia a day later. B Company's mission is to defend a critical bridge site, C Company's mission is to act as the theater reserve.

In the fall of 1998, the division received notice that it would be serving as senior headquarters of Task Force Eagle, providing a peacekeeping force to support the ongoing operation within the Multi-National Division-North area of responsibility in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Preparations began immediately for Stabilization Force 6. While division staff began planning, soldiers began training. The division split into two operations: Task Force Drum-for those remaining in the North Country-and Task Force Eagle, set to deploy to Bosnia. Warfighting skills remained the focus of the division's training.

In preparation for the Bosnia assignment, four major events were staged in 1999, including an SFOR6 conference in Tuzla, Bosnia; a deployment exercise at Fort Drum as a rehearsal; a conference at Fort Drum and Fort Hood, and an inter-theater rehearsal by some staff members, with other units in Bosnia.

Selected division units began deploying in late summer, to link up with their commander, Maj. Gen. James L. Campbell, who had preceded his soldiers to Bosnia. Approximately 3,000 division soldiers deployed. Meanwhile at Fort Drum, every effort was made to ensure the safety and care of soldiers and families remaining at home.

After successfully performing their mission in Bosnia, the division units conducted a Transfer of Authority, relinquishing their assignments to soldiers of the 49th Armored Division, Texas National Guard. By early summer 2000, all 10th Mountain Division soldiers had returned safely to Fort Drum.

After adding humanitarian, training and operational deployments together, the 10th Mountain Division had earned the distinction of being the most deployed Army division during the 1990s, a period which had seen the greatest number of missions for United States military forces-reserve and active-since the end of World War II.

==Operation Enduring Freedom==
Soldiers from the division secured key forward operating bases in both nations, screened over 3,500 detainees at Sherberghan Prison in Northern Afghanistan, and engaged in combat during operations Anaconda and Mountain Lion. During Operation Anaconda, Coalition Joint Task Force Mountain, commanded by Maj. Gen. F. L. Hagenbeck, killed several hundred Al-Qaeda terrorists and destroyed an important enemy base of operations in the Shah-I-Khat Valley 100 miles southeast of Kabul. Subsequent operations destroyed 4.5 million pounds of ammunition and killed or captured several hundred more terrorists.

Elements from across the 10th Mountain Division were scheduled to return duties to Afghanistan in support of Operation Enduring Freedom in May 2003. The rotation of soldiers has began in June and was to continue throughout the summer months.

Elements of division headquarters replaced selected staff members and assume command-and-control duties with coalition forces of Coalition Joint Task Force 180.

The 1st Brigade Combat Team joined other coalition forces conducting combat operations to eliminate remaining terrorists elements in the region. The soldiers also provided security and assist with humanitarian relief effort to the people of Afghanistan. The 2nd BCT provided forces to train the Afghan National Army. Other units from the division provided administrative and logistical support to deployed forces.

==Operation Iraqi Freedom==
During 2003, 10th Mountain Division Soldiers continued to add to the division's history by selflessly going where the nation called on them to serve. As the year closed, more than 6,000 division Soldiers had deployed around the world to fight the war on terrorism.

Members of 2nd Battalion, 14th Infantry Regiment had several combat engagements in Northern Iraq during formal combat operations while providing convoy security operations. Soldiers of 2nd Battalion, 15th Field Artillery Regiment, members of the 20th Air Support Operations Squadron and the 10th Target Acquisition Detachment also served in Iraq during formal combat operations.

In March 2003, the 642nd Engineer Company and 725th Ordnance Company deployed to the U.S. Central Command region. Elements of 4th Battalion, 31st Infantry Regiment, 2-15th FAR, 548th Corps Support Battalion and 110th Military Intelligence Battalion, as well as 57th Transportation Company, 514th Maintenance Company and 725th Explosive Ordnance Company also received orders to deploy to the CENTCOM region.

Already deployed were elements of 2-14 Infantry, 511th Military Police Company, 59th Chemical Company, Long Range Surveillance Detachment, 95th Firefighting Detachment and 520th Engineer Detachment. Soldiers of 4-31 Infantry also began deploying elements to Djibouti in April to continue fighting the global war on terrorism.

==Modular division==
The 10th Mountain Division officially transformed into the modular format the Army is evolving into during a ceremony at Sexton Field on 13 September 2004. As part of the ceremony, seven units were inactivated and 13 units were activated.

The seven units inactivated were as follows: Division Support Command; 3rd Battalion, 62nd Air Defense Artillery Regiment; 110th Military Intelligence Battalion; 10th Signal Battalion; 41st Engineer Battalion; 10th Forward Support Battalion and 710th Main Support Battalion.

The 13 units activated are as follows: 3rd Brigade Combat Team (Unit of Action); 10th Mountain Division Support Brigade; Unit of Employment, Special Troops Battalion; 1st Squadron, 71st Cavalry Regiment; 10th Brigade Support Battalion; 1st Brigade Special Troops Battalion; 2nd Squadron, 71st Cavalry Regiment; 2nd Brigade Special Troops Battalion; 3rd Squadron, 71st Cavalry Regiment; 4th Battalion, 25th Field Artillery; 710th Brigade Support Battalion; 3rd Brigade Special Troops Battalion and the Support Brigade Special Troops Battalion.

As the division transformed at Sexton Field, Soldiers of the 2nd Brigade Combat Team (Unit of Action) and 3rd Squadron, 17th Calvary Regiment were involved in combat operations in Iraq.

==External links==
* [http://www.drum.army.mil Fort Drum and the 10th Mountain Division Home Page] - official site.

[[Category:United States Army]]

10 Commandments

2011-10-13T23:03:42Z

KevinYan:

<!--#Redirect[[Ten Commandments]]

10th Amendment

2011-10-13T23:03:42Z

KevinYan:

<!--#REDIRECT [[Tenth Amendment]]

1066 and All That

2011-10-13T23:03:42Z

KevinYan:

<!--'''''1066 and All That,''''' by W. C. Sellar and E. J. Yeatman, is a classic work of humor that pretends to be a history of [[England]]. It was first published in 1930 and has been so popular that it has stayed in print ever since. Its full title is:
:''1066 and All That: A Memorable History of England, comprising all the parts you can remember, including 103 Good Things, 5 Bad Kings and 2 Genuine Dates.''
People who are studying [[English]] history appreciate its muddled, tongue-in-cheek humor. According to Sellar and Yeatman, for example, what they call the "[[Magna Carta|Magna Charter]]" said

*That no one was to be put to death, save for some reason—(except the Common People);
*That everyone should be free—(except the Common People);
*That everything should be of the same weight and measure throughout the Realm—(except the Common People)

and concludes that "[[Magna Carta|Magna Charter]] was therefore the chief cause of Democracy in England, and thus a ''Good Thing'' for everyone (except the Common People)."<ref>'''Sellar, W.C. and Yeatman, R.J.''', ''1066 and All That: A Memorable History of England'' London: Methuen (1930) 1998 reprint ISBN 0-4137-7270-5</ref>

1066 is a reference to the year the [[Battle of Hastings]] was fought, a date that all English schoolchildren memorize, like 1776 in the United States; it is one of Sellar and Yeatman's "2 Genuine Dates,"
the other being 55 B.C. when [[Julius Caesar]] led the first Roman invasion of Britain.

Its impact since 1930 has been enormous. It has been a successful stage show, and has also been serialised on radio; its title has passed into the language as a phrase in its own right. Sellar and Yeatman were aiming to produce a work far more complex than just a parody of history, however - they were mocking the simplistic and didactic manner in which English history was then taught to children. The title is drawn from the general observation that for all the emphasis on memorizing dates that made up so much of history teaching, few people remembered more than two: 1066 and 55 BC. (and the day and month of the [[Gunpowder Plot]], "''though not, of course, the year''").<ref>'''Sellar, Yeatman,''' op cit.</ref>

==References==

<references/>
[[Category:Books]]

104th Congress

2011-10-13T23:03:41Z

KevinYan:

<!--#REDIRECT [[104th United States Congress]]

1066

2011-10-13T23:03:41Z

KevinYan:

<!--'''1066''' is the year of the [[Norman Conquest]] of [[England]] (''see main article: [[Battle of Hastings]]'')

[[Category: English History]]

104th United States Congress

2011-10-13T23:03:41Z

KevinYan:

<!--The '''104th United States Congress''' was the sessions of Congress that occurred from January 3, 1995 to January 3, 1997. Due to the [[Contract with America]] and dissatisfaction with Democratic policies, the elections of 1994 finally saw an increase in the [[Republican]] majority of [[Congress]]. House speaker [[Newt Gingrich]] declared Congress "under new management" during this Congress. This Congress was able to pass much excellent conservative pro-American legislation despite [[liberal]] and impeached president [[Bill Clinton]] being in office. Coincidentally, the ushering in of a Republican dominated Congress exactly coincided with the success of the US economy, a strong economy that lasted until the [[Democrats]] surprisingly won power back in 2006. Not surprisingly, the economy then dropped sharply, as did Congressional opinion polls.

The 104th Congress was the most productive in nearly 50 years. President [[Bill Clinton]], fearing defeat in 1996, signed many good bills into law. The accomplishments of the 104th Congress included:

*[[DOMA]]
*Welfare reform
*Prisoner litigation reform
*the [[Solomon Amendment]]

(add to list)

[[Category:United States Congress]]

1. FC Köln

2011-10-13T23:03:41Z

KevinYan:

<!--'''1. FC Koln''' is a [[German]] [[soccer]] team currently playing in the [[Bundesliga]]. The club plays in Cologne. The colors are red, black, and white, and the mascot is a goat. The current manager is Christoph Daum and the current sponsor is Gerling.

==Roster==
===Goalkeepers===
*1 Faryd Mondragon
*18 Thomas Kessler
*32 Dieter Paucken

===Defenders===
*2 Miso Brecko
*3 Youssef Mohamad
*4 Marvin Matip
*5 Ümit Özat
*6 Tobias Nickenig
*17 Kevin Pezzoni
*21 Pedro Geromel
*23 Kevin McKenna
*25 Kevin Schöneberg
*26 Aleksandar Mitreski
*27 Michael Parensen
*28 Carsten Cullmann

===Midfielders===
*10 Thomas Broich
*12 Petit
*13 Daniel Brosinski
*16 André
*20 Roda Antar
*22 Fabrice Ehret
*29 Taner Yalcin
*33 Michael Niedrig

===Strikers===
*7 Nemanja Vucicevic
*8 Matthias Scherz
*9 [[Manasseh Ishiaku]]
*11 Milivoje Novakovic
*14 Wilfried Sanou
*19 Adil Chihi
*30 Michael Gardawski

==Notable Former Players==
*ST [[Tony Woodcock]]

[[Category:German Soccer]]
[[Category:Bundesliga 1 teams]]

101st Airborne Division

2011-10-13T23:03:40Z

KevinYan:

<!--[[Image:101st airborne.jpg|thumb|right|Major General [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] encouraging the men of the 101st Airborne Division]]
The '''101st Airborne Division''' is a division of the [[United States Army]] that provides forcible entry capability through heliborne 'air assault' operations. Capable of inserting a 4,000 soldier combined arms task force, 150-kilometers into enemy terrain in one lift, and possessing 281 helicopters, including three battalions of Apache attack helicopters, this division is the most versatile in the Army. For this reason, the 101st Airborne Division is the division most in demand by combatant commanders.

Based at Fort Campbell, Kentucky, the division is capable of inserting a 4,000 soldier combined arms task force, 150-kilometers into enemy terrain in one lift, and possessing 281 helicopters, including three battalions of Apache attack helicopters, this division is the most versatile in the Army. For this reason, the 101st Airborne Division is the division most in demand by combatant commanders.

The 101st stands as the Army's and world's only air assault division with unequaled strategic and tactical mobility. The 101st is unique in that it normally conducts operations 150 to 300 kilometers beyond the line of contact or forward-line-of-own-troops, requiring theater- and national-level intelligence support as a matter of course.

The 101st was formed on August 15th, 1942. The 101st played a key role in [[D-Day]] landings on June 6th, 1944. The night before the invasion they were dropped behind enemy lines. The planes carrying them were under heavy antiaircraft fire and took evasive action. Scattering much of the division all over [[Normandy]]. They caused havoc among the [[German]] ranks even though they were not formed up into their proper units and companies. After [[World War II]] the 101st Airborne Division was deactivated.

In 1956, the 101st was reactivated as a combat division. Lead elements of the division deployed to [[Vietnam]] in 1965, and were joined by the rest of the division in 1967. In 1968, the 101st was reorganized as an airmobile division. In 1973, after its return from Vietnam the 101st was designated an air assault division, and is the only air assault division in the U.S. Army.

In 1991, the 101st Airborne fought in the [[Desert Storm|Persian Gulf conflict]], conducting air assault operations deep into enemy territory. The 101st sustained no soldiers killed in action during the 100-hour war and captured thousands of enemy prisoners of war. Today, the 101st Airborne serves in [[Iraq]].

==External links==
*[http://www.lonesentry.com/gi_stories_booklets/101stairborne/index.html The Story of the 101st Airborne Division] (WWII book)

[[category:United States Army]]

103rd United States Congress

2011-10-13T23:03:40Z

KevinYan:

<!--The '''103rd United States Congress''' refers to the sessions of [[Congress]] from January 3, 1993 to January 3, 1995. [[Tom Foley]] retained the Speakership and many Democratic policies were put into force. Among these were the [[Family Medical Leave Act]], the [[Brady Bill]], and the Freedom of Access to Clinic Entrances Act. This was the last Congress for 12 years that Democrats would retain a majority in the House, as dissatisfied voters elected a Republican majority in the [[104th Congress]].

[[Category:United States Congress]]

1000 BC

2011-10-13T23:03:39Z

KevinYan:

<!--[[Assyrian Empire]]

[[Iron Smelting]]

[[Solomon]]

[[Category:Years]]

100 AD

2011-10-13T23:03:39Z

KevinYan:

<!--[[Barracks Emperors]]

[[Constantine]]

[[Diocletian]]

[[Han Empire]]

[[Manichaeism]]

[[Category:Years]]

"christmas tree" bill

2011-10-13T23:03:39Z

KevinYan:

<!--#REDIRECT [["Christmas tree" bill]]

.NET

2011-10-13T23:03:39Z

KevinYan:

<!--{{Disambiguation}}

You could be looking for:
*[[.Net framework|.NET framework]] - a [[Microsoft]] library of software modules
*[[.Net runtime environment|.NET runtime environment]] - a [[Microsoft]] byte-code interpreter for languages that utilize the [[.Net framework|.NET framework]]

[[Category:Disambiguation Pages]]

1. FC Koln

2011-10-13T23:03:38Z

KevinYan:

<!--#REDIRECT [[1. FC Köln]]

.NET runtime environment

2011-10-13T23:03:38Z

KevinYan:

<!--#Redirect[[.Net runtime environment]]

0

2011-10-13T23:03:38Z

KevinYan:

<!--#REDIRECT [[Zero]]

+/-

2011-10-13T23:03:38Z

KevinYan:

<!--#redirect [[Plus/minus]]

.net framework

2011-10-13T23:03:37Z

KevinYan:

<!--The '''.NET Framework''' is a library of [[software]] modules for writing software that run on [[Microsoft]]'s [[.Net runtime environment|.NET runtime environment]].
[[category:information technology]]

.pst

2011-10-13T23:03:37Z

KevinYan:

<!--#REDIRECT [[File format (.pst)]]

.net runtime environment

2011-10-13T23:03:37Z

KevinYan:

<!--The '''.NET runtime environment''' is a virtual machine for executing Just In Time (JIT) compiled byte-code ([[MSIL]]) for software written in [[.Net framework|.NET]] [[Programming language|programming languages]] such as [[C#]] and [[Visual Basic.net]].

[[category:information technology]]

.NET framework

2011-10-13T23:03:37Z

KevinYan:

<!--#Redirect[[.Net framework]]

.50 AE

2011-10-13T23:03:36Z

KevinYan:

<!--#Redirect[[.50 Action Express]]

's-Hertogenbosch

2011-10-13T23:03:36Z

KevinYan:

<!--''''s-Hertogenbosch''', familiarly called '''Den Bosch''' (literally, the Duke's Wood; ''Bois-le-Duc'' in French) is the capital of southern Dutch province of [[Noord Brabant]]. Created a city in 1185, it was an important centre in the middle ages and as late as the sixteenth century was the second-largest city in the present Netherlands. It suffered during the Dutch Wars of Independence, and later in the 19th century from blinkered municipal authorities who forbade industrial or educational development in the city. This has, however, led to the preservation of an antique townscape which has made Den Bosch a tourist centre.

The city has a population of 136,000

[[Category:Dutch Cities and Towns]]

.50 Action Express

2011-10-13T23:03:36Z

KevinYan:

<!--The '''.50 Action Express''' is a large-bore handgun cartridge designed in 1988 by Evan Whildin, primarily for use in [[Magnum Research]]'s [[Desert Eagle]] handgun. It was later used in Magnum Research's [[Big Frame Revolver]], as well as some other weapons by other companies.

Due to the heavy recoil of such a large caliber bullet, smaller cartridges that are still easily lethal are generally preferred for self defense. Use for such a high caliber usually involves metallic silhouette shooting or [[handgun]] [[hunting]]. It is also used for self defense against thick-skinned animals that would not normally be killed by smaller cartridges, like [[bear]]. Hunters or people living in areas with animals like bears would need such a gun.

[[Category:Guns]]

$

2011-10-13T23:03:36Z

KevinYan:

<!--#REDIRECT [[Dollar]]

"Tax revolt"

2011-10-13T23:03:35Z

KevinYan:

<!--#redirect[[Tax revolt]]

"Constitution Lecture One"

2011-10-13T23:03:35Z

KevinYan:

<!--CONSTITUTION LECTURE ONE.

GETTING STARTED ON A GREAT ADVENTURE!

1. Course Materials
2. How to Read: Objective meaning? Or, subjective interpretation?
3. First Homework Assignment
4. Thinking about Our Constitution

1. Course Materials: You need 4 items:

a) '''Pocket copy of [[Declaration of Independence]] and The [[U.S. Constitution]]'''. www.askheritage.org/ has them.

b) '''The Federalist Papers'''. This is a collection of 85 essays written during 1787-1788 by [[Alexander Hamilton]], [[James Madison]], and [[John Jay]], in order to explain the proposed Constitution to The People and to induce them to ratify it. For this reason, [[The Federalist Papers]] are THE authoritative commentary on the meaning of The Constitution.

The late 18th century style of writing might seem difficult at first; but if you stick with it, you will get used to it. The authors were geniuses in political philosophy, and they are delightful! James Madison, of course, is The Father of the U.S. Constitution.

There are web editions with searchable texts, and Amazon has hard copies.

c) '''Webster's American Dictionary of the English Language (1828)'''.[Go to www.lexrex.com/catalog/webster1828.htm ] I have the big beautiful green & gold hard copy which is a facsimile of the original. It costs almost $60.00; but is worth it. Amazon also has it in hard copy and in kindle for $10.00.

You need Webster's because words change meaning throughout time: 200 years ago, "nice" meant "precise". "Choice" now means "abortion". For the statist-in-chief, words have no objective meaning at all - they are merely devices to create emotional reactions in his mindless followers. The statists have been hard at work for many years destroying our Language. There IS a political motive for destroying a Language! [See George Orwell's Essay, "Politics and the English Language" at www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/orwell46.htm ] To restore Our Constitutional Republic, we must learn what the Words meant when The Constitution was written.

d) '''Colored pencils'''.

2. How should we read The Declaration of Independence, The Constitution, and The Federalist Papers? There are two schools of thought:

a) The Traditional View, which I urge you to embrace, is that texts have a fixed and objective meaning, and it is the reader's task to ascertain '''that''' meaning. In order to do this, you must, among other things, pay close attention to definitions of words - you must understand the meaning of words the same way the author understood them. This is why you need Webster's 1828 Dictionary.

You must also lay aside your own views and everything you think you already know about the subject so that you can read with an open mind, and so you don't read your own views into the text. Here is a common example of such error: Our allies are rightly angry at the "federal" government in Washington, D.C. But to some of these allies, "federal" has become a very bad word synonymous with statist government. So, they argue, since Hamilton, Madison, and Jay were "federalists", they were big-government statists, and the Anti-federalists were the ones with the right idea!

But this dreadful error can be avoided simply by opening your mind and by looking up ''federal'' in Webster's! There, we learn that ''federal'' meant:

<blockquote>
Consisting in a compact between parties, particularly and chiefly between states or nations; founded on alliance by contract or mutual agreement; as a ''federal'' government, such as that of the United States.
</blockquote>

It is the federal government created by The Constitution which is explained and endorsed in The Federalist Papers. The federal government created by Our Constitution bears no resemblance whatsoever to the illegitimate dictatorship now in Washington, D.C.

b) The modern view on how to understand a literary text is that a text means whatever the reader thinks it means. The concept of a text having a fixed and objective meaning has been thrown out altogether! [See article on "Deconstruction" at www.yale.edu/lawweb/jbalkin/articles/deconessay.pdf ]

The sorry result of this view is that American educrats no longer teach how to read for the objective meaning of a text. It has become the dogma of our time that texts have no “objective meaning” to be discovered! Instead, each person is to come up with his own “understanding” – and one person’s “understanding” is as good as another’s. A friend recalls the following incident which occurred in an high school English class during 1960: The class read a short story, and then the teacher asked each student to say what the story meant to him. Whatever a student said was praised by the teacher. But when it was my friend’s turn, he said: “It doesn’t matter what it means to me – what matters is what the author meant.” The teacher was not pleased with this ‘out of place’ comment. Is it any wonder that judges on the U.S. Supreme Court feel free to “understand” the Constitution any way they please? They were '''''conditioned''' in school'' to “think” that way; but '''they''' did not resist the conditioning.

But here, you will learn how to read our Founding Documents to look for and find the "original intent" - the "objective" meaning of the Documents.

3. First homework assignment:

a) Take your pocket copy of The Declaration of Independence and The Constitution. Go through both documents carefully and underline all references to God. Be sure you don't miss the express recognition of the Lordship of Jesus Christ which is contained within The Constitution!

b) For now, read through only the first Seven Articles of The Constitution. We will address the Amendments later.

With another color, go through The Constitution (through Art. VII) and underline each of the law-making powers delegated by The Constitution to Congress. Most of the powers delegated to Congress are listed ("enumerated") at Art. I, Sec. 8; however, other enumerated powers granted to Congress are set forth elsewhere in The Constitution.

Use another color for the powers delegated to The Executive Branch; and a 4th color for the judicial power of the federal courts.

c) Use a 5th color to underline all powers which are specifically forbidden to the federal government.

Use a 6th color to underline all powers which are specifically forbidden to The States.

4. Thinking about Our Constitution: Re-read The Preamble. With respect to The Constitution: Who established it and put it into effect? Who is the "creator" and who is the "creature"? Who is the "master" and who is the "servant"?
[[Category:Homeschool Curriculum]]

"lame duck" session

2011-10-13T23:03:35Z

KevinYan:

<!--#REDIRECT [["Lame duck" Session]]

"pump em up

2011-10-13T23:03:34Z

KevinYan:

<!--#REDIRECT [[Pump 'Em Up]]

"Sunday of Orthodoxy"

2011-10-13T23:03:34Z

KevinYan:

<!--The '''Sunday of Orthodoxy''' is the first Sunday of [[Lent]] in the [[Eastern Orthodox Church]]. This day commemorates the end of the [[Iconoclastic controversy]]. The day is commemorated with the Divine Liturgy of Saint Basil the Great, which is preceded by the Matins service. A Great Vespers is conducted on Saturday evening.

Orthodox faithful carry icons in a procession, while the clergy offer petitions for the people, civil authorities, and those who have reposed in the faith. It is the norm for persons to carry the Saint for whom they were named.

[[Category:Christianity|S]]

"information theory"

2011-10-13T23:03:34Z

KevinYan:

<!--#REDIRECT [[Information theory]]

"Must pass" bill

2011-10-13T23:03:34Z

KevinYan:

<!--#REDIRECT [["Must pass" Bill]]