{{Dictator bio
| image =[[File:Enver_Hoxha_November_1984.jpg|200px]]
| name =Enver Hoxha
| birth =October 16, 1908 Gjirokastër, Albania
| parents =
| religion =[[Islam]] (formerly) [[Atheism]]
| education =
| spouse =Nexhmije Hoxha
| children =Ilir Hoxha Sokol Hoxha Ranvera Hoxha
| death =April 11, 1985
| deathmanner =Heart failure
| burial =Tirana
| country =Albania
| military =n/a
| rank =n/a
| polbeliefs =[[Communism]]
| party =Party of Labour of Albania
| dictatordate =1944-1985
| war =
| deathnumber =
}}
'''Enver Hoxha''' (October 16, 1908 – April 11, 1985) was the [[Stalinism|Stalinist]] dictator of [[Albania]] from 1944 to his death in 1985.

Despite being little-known outside of Albania itself, he is considered one of the strictest and most authoritarian [[Eastern Bloc]] rulers of the [[Cold War]] era. In 1967, he banned all religions from Albania.

==Biography==
Hoxha was born in to an [[Islam]]ic family in 1908. He studied in [[France]] and joined the [[French Communist Party]]. 1936 he returned to Albania and worked as teacher. In 1939 [[Benito Mussolini]] annexed Albania. Hoxha lost his job and founded the [[Albanian Communist Party]] in 1941. After the [[Second World War]] he was declared as president. In his tenure Christians, Muslims, landowners, recalcitrant peasants and political opponents were sent to prison or executed.<ref>http://www.historytoday.com/richard-cavendish/death-enver-hoxha</ref> In particular [[Catholic]]s were persecuted. Hoxha cut the number of Catholic churches from 253 to 100 and all Catholics were stigmatized as "fascists".<ref>http://www.country-data.com/cgi-bin/query/r-186.html</ref> After Khruschev criticized Stalin, Hoxha started to improve Albania's relations with [[China]].<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2009/sep/03/dictator-lit-hoxha-on-stalin</ref>

Hoxha got support from the Chicago Area Friends of Albania.

==References==
<references/>

{{Communism}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hoxha, Enver}}
[[Category:Albania]]
[[Category:Communists]]
[[Category:Dictators]]
[[Category:Atheists]]
[[Category:Former Muslims]]
[[Category:Left-wing Nationalism]]
[[Category:Anti-Christianity]]
[[Category:Anti-Islam]]
[[Category:Feminists]]
[[Category:Mass Murderers]]
[[Category:Police State]]

2026-09-24T11:04:21Z

Joeylad: /* Examples */

A grooming gang is a term used primarily in the [[UK]] to refer to multiple individuals, often first or second generation [[Islam]]ic [[immigrant]]s, that enslave children of the host culture into [[prostitution]] and [[human trafficking]].

== Examples ==
=== Aylesbury ===
The Aylesbury child sexual abuse ring was a group of five men, mostly of [[Pakistani]] heritage, who committed serious sexual assaults of two under aged girls in [[Aylesbury]], [[Buckinghamshire]]. In July 2015, they were found guilty of offences including rape and child prostitution over a period extending from 2006 to 2012.
=== Gateshead ===
In 2025, a group of four Romanian nationals and one [[Albanian]] man were sentenced for sexually exploiting vulnerable girls as young as 13 in [[Gateshead]], County Durham.<ref>[https://www.gbnews.com/news/grooming-gang-jailed-gateshead-teenage Sick grooming gang jailed after drugging and raping teenage girls]</ref>
=== Rochdale ===
In 2012, nine men were convicted of offences including rape, conspiracy to engage in sexual activity with a child and trafficking. They had targeted primarily white teenage girls in [[Rochdale]], [[Lancashire]]. Eight of the men were of Pakistani heritage, with one being an Afghan assylum seeker. One of the main traffickers, Shabir Ahmed, confirmed [[Anti-white sentiment|anti-white racist]] motives of the gang.
===Rotherham===
From the late 1980s until 2013, group-based sexual exploitation gangs affected as many as 1400 girls (mostly white and many from care home backgrounds) in and around the town of Rotherham, Yorkshire. Many of the gangs consisted of men of Pakistani descent, 80% according to Operation Stovewood.

== Wiki bias ==
In June 2025, [[Breitbart]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Cover Up: Wikipedia Editors Propose Deleting UK Grooming Gangs Scandal Article |url=https://www.breitbart.com/tech/2025/06/29/cover-up-wikipedia-editors-propose-deleting-uk-grooming-gangs-scandal-article/ |work=Breitbart |date=June 29, 2025}}</ref> reported that a [[Wikipedia]] page about the UK grooming gangs scandal was nominated for deletion by a liberal editor, who argued it was a biased or “fringe” duplicate of broader child sexual abuse coverage.
The move is part of a wider dispute over how the topic is represented on Wikipedia, highlighting claims of past institutional cover-ups and referencing a recent review that identified failures by UK authorities.

==See also==
*[[Rape jihad]]

==Notes==
* Grooming gangs ‘more associated with Islam than ethnicity’.ChristianConcern, 12 November 2025.[https://christianconcern.com/news/grooming-gangs-more-associated-with-islam-than-ethnicity/]

* EXPOSED: The Religious and Cultural Roots of Pakistani Grooming Gangs in Britain. ''GBNews''. June 17, 2025.[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ydP96BsWpEY]

* U.K. to Investigate Role of Islamic Doctrine on Grooming Gangs. Move Comes after Australian Scholar Documented Issue in 2025 Report. Jules Gomes. M.E. Forum. January 6, 2026.[https://www.meforum.org/fwi/fwi-news/u-k-to-investigate-role-of-islamic-doctrine-on-grooming-gangs]
==Further references==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:rape jihad]]
[[Category:Islamism]]

2026-09-06T07:22:23Z

Joeylad:

The '''Picts''' were a people who lived in what is now north-eastern [[Scotland]] in the Early Middle Ages. Their confederation of tribes in northern Scotland eventually ran from Fife to Caithness. The Picts were in general agrarian, living in small communities, similar in culture to most other celts including Pagan animistic polytheism. In 843 A.D. they united with the kingdom of the Scots or [[Dál Riata]] and were assimilated into the Scottish nation.

The kingdom recorded in Old English as ''[[Wærteras]]'' (sometimes referred to as 'Fortriu') is thought to have been the dominant Pictish kingdom, and is thought to have been centred around the Moray Firth.

Broadly speaking, the Pictish territory was bound to the south by the Anglian kingdom of Northumbria, by the Brittonic Kingdom of Strathclyde to the south-west, in the west by the Gaelic kingdom of Dál Riata and, from about the 9th century onwards, by Norse territories to the north. The areas controlled by the Picts broadly covered the Scottish counties [[Aberdeenshire]], [[Angus]], [[Banffshire]], [[Caithness]], [[Cromartyshire]], [[Fife]], [[Inverness-shire]], [[Kincardineshire]], [[Moray]], [[Nairnshire]], [[Perthshire]], [[Ross-shire]], [[Stirlingshire]] and [[Sutherland]] as well as the Northern Isles, [[Orkney]] and [[Shetland]].
==Writing & Language==
The Picts had their own system of writing, Pictish. However, little survives today, so the history of the Picts themselves is a largely "academically recreated" history from other sources.

The Pictish language was first mentioned by [[Bede]] in the 8th century, and the categorization of this language as well as its relationship to other language in Britain was historically the subject of intense debate. The late 20th and early 21st century consensus that the language was a Brittonic one closely related to [[Welsh]], is now generally accepted. This is on the basis of Welsh words appearing in Pictish place-names, such words including ''aber'', ''caer'' and ''pen'', inscriptions on Pictish monuments being interpreted as Brittonic (e.g. Pictish ''cuhett'' vs Welsh ''cyhyd''), and Picts recorded as having borne Brittonic names including ''Mailcon'', ''Resad'', ''Talorc'' and ''Wrgust''.

==Woad==
In battle, the Picts used to dye their faces and skin with blue woad, giving them a fearsome appearance.<ref>[http://www.woad.org.uk/html/britain.html History of Woad]</ref>

==Sources==

The New American Desk Encyclopedia, Penguin Group, 1989

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Scotland]]

Oswestry

2026-09-06T07:04:23Z

Joeylad: /* History */

'''Oswestry''' ([[Welsh language|Welsh]]: ''Croesoswallt'') is a historic market town of the [[Welsh Marches]], located within the English county [[Shropshire]].

A town of the Anglo-Welsh border region, the town changed hands between English and Welsh control multiple times throughout the [[Middle Ages]]. As late as 1972, residents were still split between English and Welsh identity.
==History==
The area has been inhabited since at least the 8th century BC, with evidence for an [[Iron Age]] fort at a location known as Old Oswestry, immediately north of the modern town.

The Iron Age hill fort was still occupied as late as 43 AD. In the Roman period, the inhabitants were likely either the Cornovii or the [[Ordovices]], two of the tribes recorded as living in the area by [[Ptolemy]] in the 2nd century A.D. The site is known in modern Welsh as ''Caer Ogyrfan'', which means "fort/city of Gogyrfan"; according to Arthurian legend, Gogyrfan was the father of Guinevere.

As of the Anglian period, The Battle of Maserfield took place in c. 642 AD and is widely believed to have been fought in Oswestry (although other accounts prefer [[Golborne]], [[Lancashire]]). The battle was fought by the Pagan Anglian kingdom [[Mercia]] and the Britons against the Christian kingdom [[Northumbria]]. Oswestry sits in between Offa's Dyke (Welsh: ''Clawdd Offa'') to the west and Wat's Dyke (''Clawdd Wat'') to the east. Built around the 8th century, the purpose for their construction is debated, but they broadly deliniated the border between Anglian Mercia and the Briton or Welsh kingdoms such as [[Powys]]. Old Oswestry hill fort was incorporated into Wat's Dyke.

Following the Norman conquest of 1066, the Domesday Book was completed in 1086 at the behest of [[William the Conqueror]]. Oswestry was not mentioned by name in the survey, but a castle in the area was listed as ''Lvvre'', thought to be for French ''l’oeuvre'' ("the work").<ref>[https://www.medievalists.net/2010/08/the-domesday-book-castle-lvvre/ The Domesday Book castle LVVRE]</ref> The castle was recorded as having been built by Rainalt, the Norman sheriff of Shropshire, would become Oswestry Castle.

The precursor to the modern name is first attested as ''Oswaldestroe'' in the 1190s, seemingly meaning "Oswald's tree". Old English ''trēow'' and Middle English ''tre'' (> "tree") can also mean "[[cross]]", and the Welsh name (first attested in the 13th century) is ''Croesoswallt'', meaning "Oswald's cross".

==Notable people==
* [[Wilfred Owen]] (1893-1918) - soldier known for his war poetry.
[[Category:Settlements in Shropshire]]