Conservapedia - User contributions [en]

Slavery and abortion

2022-09-03T03:49:17Z

Iraqi editor:

Despite leftist nonsense objections,<ref>[https://rewire.news/article/2013/11/12/abortion-is-not-like-slavery-so-stop-comparing-the-two/ Abortion Is Not Like Slavery, So Stop Comparing the Two]</ref> the modern-day justification of abortion closely resembles the mid-19th century justification of slavery, in which in almost all cases the logical reasoning behind both arguments are entirely identical.

==So-called "positive goods"==
[[John C. Calhoun]] and other racist Southern Democrats in his day upheld the system of slavery, arguing that slavery provides food, shelter, and stability for the slaves, thus somehow benefiting them. They also further argued that slavery prevents unemployment by putting blacks to work and thus prevents so-called anarchy and bloodshed.<ref>[http://www.ushistory.org/us/27f.asp 27f. The Southern Argument for Slavery]</ref><ref>[https://www.abbevilleinstitute.org/clyde-wilson-library/john-c-calhoun-and-slavery-as-a-positive-good-what-he-said/ John C. Calhoun and Slavery as a “Positive Good:” What He Said]</ref> Note how this argument is uncannily similar to the modern-day progressive argument on how abortion somehow benefits the aborted on the basis that "otherwise they would be forced to endure a world of misery". Some even go on to argue that abortion somehow reduces crime as it supposedly stops most criminals from being born. (argument debunked, see [https://www.lifenews.com/2012/10/26/does-abortion-really-reduce-crime-another-look-at-freakonomics/ this link])

==Legality vs. morality==
A common liberal argument to justify abortion is on the basis that it's legal. Many constantly cite [[Roe v. Wade]] to somehow "prove" that an unborn baby is not living because "it's the law". Note how similar this is to how past racist Democrats used [[Dred Scott v. Sandford]] to justify slavery on the basis that "it's the law."[citation needed]

==Conflict of rights==
A common premise of arguments justifying slavery and those justifying abortion is the idea that one person's natural rights somehow have the so-called "right" to infringe upon another's natural rights. The abortion movement always makes the supposition that unborn children have no rights and therefore their fates can be decided solely by the mother. Similarly, past justifications of slavery included the obvious example of arguing that whites had "right" to own slaves, some even falsely citing the Bible to justify.[see previous citation]<ref>https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curse_of_Ham#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldenberg2009168Lulat200585,_86Metcalf2005%5BhttpsbooksgooglecombooksidlWuNIISvBqICvsnippetqham20curseffalse_164%5D-39</ref>

==Evangelical opposition==
Among the largest opposition to slavery in America during the 1850s came from northern [[evangelicals]] who joined the [[Republican Party]] after the Whig Party broke up. Likewise, the current opposition to abortion is strongest among white evangelicals,<ref>[https://www.pewforum.org/fact-sheet/public-opinion-on-abortion/ Public Opinion on Abortion]</ref> three-quarters of whom intended to vote for Donald Trump in the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election.<ref>[https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/04/26/among-white-evangelicals-regular-churchgoers-are-the-most-supportive-of-trump/ Among white evangelicals, regular churchgoers are the most supportive of Trump]</ref>

===== De Humanization =====
People use the excuse that it's okay to enslave People because they are inferior, this is very similar to what abortion Advocates do when they say that a baby in the womb is not a human. In both cases they both use dehumanization. [https://www.grin.com/document/703012 7] [https://abort73.com/abortion/systematic_injustice/ 8]

=References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Abortion]]
[[Category:Slavery]]

User:Iraqi editor

2022-09-03T03:32:46Z

Iraqi editor: Created page with "Hello, I am an Iraqi living in Barsa, Iraq. I am a Shia Muslim and Arab. I am very interested in politics. ==== Iraqi Nationalism ==== I am an Iraqi nationalist, I am proud..."

Hello, I am an Iraqi living in Barsa, Iraq. I am a Shia Muslim and Arab. I am very interested in politics.

==== Iraqi Nationalism ====
I am an Iraqi nationalist, I am proud of the Mesopotamian Heritage of Iraq. We are where civilization began and I think that we Iraqis should revive Iraq to be like the Glorious past of Mesopotamia, Iraq should be once again a true center of the world. I believe that Iraq should determine its own course and that other countries should not get involved in Iraqi politics. We have a very big problem with other Middle Eastern countries trying to influence and interfere within Iraq and that has caused a lot of instability and turmoil in Iraq.

===== Religous views =====
I am a Shia Muslim, but I respect all religions. I believe Iraq should be a secular country even though I am practicing Muslim. Iraq has people of many different religions including Shia Muslims, Sunni Muslims, Christian, Yazidis, and Mandeans. I believe the Iraqi government should be separate from religion.

===== views on Americans and America =====
I totally believe that George Bush was a horrible president and his invasion of Iraq was against international law and I believe that America has no business in Iraq. But I do admire American innovation and the American people. I have no issue with the American people.

===== My Ideal Iraq =====
My Ideal Iraq is a functioning democracy, secular country, has a very nationalistic Outlook and doesn't like other countries interfering in its affairs, it also looks out for its poor population.

Karbala

2022-09-03T02:59:24Z

Iraqi editor:

Karbala is a city in Southern, Iraq. It has a population of 619,000 It is a holy city to [[Shia]] Islam. That is where the Battle of Karbala took place ( not to be confused with the Battle of Karbala in the Invasion of Iraq). It is believed that Hussian the grandson of Muhammad fought Yazeed a corrupt and tyrannical ruler in battle. [https://www.britannica.com/place/Karbala#:~:text=The%20city's%20religious%20significance%20derives,the%20Umayyad%20caliph%20Yaz%C4%ABd%20I. 1] That is where the martyrdom of Hussian took place and where he is buried. Many Shia Muslims around the world travel to the city of Karbala, Iraq to visit the shrine of Hussein. Karbala is generally a very safer City in Iraq because they have more of a security presence there to protect the pilgrims.

Category Iraqi Cities and Towns

Karbala

2022-09-03T02:54:20Z

Iraqi editor:

Karbala is a city in Southern, Iraq. It is a holy city to [[Shia]] Islam. That is where the Battle of Karbala took place ( not to be confused with the Battle of Karbala in the Invasion of Iraq). It is believed that Hussian the grandson of Muhammad fought Yazeed a corrupt and tyrannical ruler in battle. [https://www.britannica.com/place/Karbala#:~:text=The%20city's%20religious%20significance%20derives,the%20Umayyad%20caliph%20Yaz%C4%ABd%20I. 1] That is where the martyrdom of Hussian took place and where he is buried. Many Shia Muslims around the world travel to the city of Karbala, Iraq to visit the shrine of Hussein. Karbala is generally a very safer City in Iraq because they have more of a security presence there to protect the pilgrims.

Karbala

2022-09-03T02:53:52Z

Iraqi editor:

Karbala

2022-09-03T02:51:29Z

Iraqi editor: Created page with "Karbala is a city in Southern, Iraq. It is a holy city to Shia Islam. That is where the Battle of Karbala took place ( not to be confused with the Battle of Karbala in the..."

Islamic State

2022-09-03T02:41:06Z

Iraqi editor:

[[File:Mass beheading of Christians in Libya.jpg|right|350px|thumb|[[Christian]]s were brutally slaughtered en masse by "moderate rebels" whom Obama had given aid to. Flynn was fired for opposing Obama administration policy, and later targeted to be silenced and destroyed by Obama intelligence community holdovers because he knew too much and wanted to reverse [[Obama administration]] policy.]]
:'''''See also: [[Obama war crimes]] and [[Muslim agenda of the Obama administration]]'''''
'''Islamic State''' (IS) (also known as '''Islamic State of Iraq and Syria Or Daesh. (ISIS)<ref>http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2014/07/iraq-christians-told-convert-face-death-2014718111040982432.html</ref> or 'Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant' (ISIL), is a terrorist organization that operates in [[Iraq]] and [[Syria]]. Founded by [[Abu Musab al-Zarqawi]], it grew out of [[al Qaeda]] in Iraq.<ref>https://www.mcclatchydc.com/2014/06/10/229948/some-answers-about-the-islamic.html#emlnl=Morning_Newsletter</ref>

In February 2012 NSC staffer [[Jake Sullivan]] informed [[Hillary Clinton]] that "Al Qaeda is on our side" in the plot to take down Syrian leader [[Bashar al Assad]]. ''Reuters'' reported on August 1, 2012 that [[Barack Obama]] signed a Presidential Finding earlier that same year authorizing transfer of captured weapons from Libya to groups in Syria that later became known as the Islamic State.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170216061621/https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/08/01/obama-secret-syria-order_n_1730712.html?tw_p=twt
{{Quotebox|under provisions of the presidential finding, the United States was collaborating with a secret command center operated by Turkey and its allies. 

Last week, Reuters reported that, along with [[Saudi Arabia]] and Qatar, Turkey had '''established a secret base near the Syrian border to help direct vital military and communications support to Assad’s opponents.

This “nerve center” is in Adana, a city in southern Turkey about 60 miles (100 km) from the Syrian border, which is also home to Incirlik, a U.S. air base where U.S. military and intelligence agencies maintain a substantial presence.''' 

Turkey’s moderate Islamist government has been demanding Assad’s departure with growing vehemence. Turkish authorities are said by current and former U.S. government officials to be increasingly involved in providing Syrian rebels with training and possibly equipment. 

European government sources said wealthy families in Saudi Arabia and Qatar were providing significant financing to the rebels. Senior officials of the Saudi and Qatari governments have publicly called for Assad’s departure. }}</ref> The [[Defense Intelligence Agency]] under [[Gen. Michael T. Flynn]] warned 12 days later that [[Western]] powers and their [[Salafi]] allies wanted to create an Islamic State.<ref>Defense Intelligence Agency document circulated widely among government agencies, including [[CENTCOM]], the CIA, FBI, [[DHS]], NGA (National Geospacial Agency), State Dept., and many others. The document states the West (NATO powers), members of the Gulf Cooperation Council ([[Bahrain]], [[Kuwait]], [[Oman]], Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the [[United Arab Emirates]]), and [[Turkey]] want an [[Islamic State]] ("Salafist principality in Eastern Syria") to oppose the regime of [[Bashar al-Assad]].
{{Quotebox|AQI [al Qaeda in Iraq] SUPPORTED THE SYRIAN OPPOSITION FROM THE BEGINNING, BOTH IDEOLOGICALLY AND THROUGH THE MEDIA…

... AFTER THE RISE OF THE INSURGENCY IN SYRIA, THE RELIGIOUS AND TRIBAL POWERS IN THE REGIONS BEGAN TO SYMPATHIZE WITH THE SECTARIAN UPRISING. THIS (SYMPATHY) APPEARED IN FRIDAY PRAYER SERMONS, WHICH CALLED FOR VOLUNTEERS TO SUPPORT THE SUNNIS IN SYRIA...

THE FUTURE ASSUMPTIONS OF THE CRISIS:

...DEVELOPMENT OF THE CURRENT EVENTS INTO PROXY WAR: …OPPOSITION FORCES ARE TRYING TO CONTROL THE EASTERN AREAS (HASAKA AND DER ZOR), ADJACENT TO THE WESTERN IRAQI PROVINCES (MOSUL AND ANBAR), IN ADDITION TO NEIGHBORING TURKISH BORDERS. ...

'''WESTERN COUNTRIES, THE GULF STATES AND TURKEY ARE SUPPORTING THESE EFFORTS.''' ...'''SIMILAR TO WHAT TRANSPIRED IN LIBYA WHEN BENGHAZI WAS CHOSEN AS THE COMMAND CENTER''' OF THE TEMPORARY GOVERNMENT...

...THE WEST, GULF COUNTRIES, AND TURKEY SUPPORT THE [SYRIAN] OPPOSITION… THERE IS THE POSSIBILITY OF ESTABLISHING A '''DECLARED OR UNDECLARED [[Salafi|SALAFIST]] PRINCIPALITY IN EASTERN SYRIA''' (HASAKA AND DER ZOR), AND THIS IS '''EXACTLY WHAT THE SUPPORTING POWERS TO THE OPPOSITION WANT''', IN ORDER TO ISOLATE THE SYRIAN REGIME…

…ISI COULD ALSO '''DECLARE AN ISLAMIC STATE THROUGH ITS UNION WITH OTHER TERRORIST ORGANIZATIONS IN IRAQ AND SYRIA'''...}}</ref><ref>Documents obtained by a FOIA request of [[Judicial Watch]] show as early as 2012, U.S. intelligence predicted the rise of the Islamic State and the report envisions the terror group as a U.S. strategic asset in the fight against Bashar al-Assad.[http://patdollard.com/2015/05/exposed-2012-defense-dept-documents-reveal-obama-regime-sought-to-create-an-islamic-state/ EXPOSED: 2012 Defense Dept. Documents Reveal Obama Regime Sought To Create An “Islamic State” In Syria And Iraq, PatDollard.com, May 22, 2015]</ref> Flynn was later fired for his opposition to Obama, Hillary Clinton and [[John Brennan]]'s policy to arm Islamic State militants.<ref>https://www.tabletmag.com/sections/news/articles/russiagate-obama-iran</ref> After the Islamic State went on a relentless rampage of murder and beheadings, Gen. Flynn was mercilessly pursued by Obama and Clinton holdovers in the U.S. government to keep him silent.<ref>https://nypost.com/2020/05/13/the-scale-to-which-obamas-team-spied-should-be-focus-of-unmasking/</ref>

Vice president [[Joe Biden]] admitted in 2014 that Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Qatar and Turkey had funneled hundreds of millions of dollars to Islamist rebels in Syria. Biden was forced to retract that statement.<ref>[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/unitedarabemirates/11142683/Joe-Biden-forced-to-apologise-to-UAE-and-Turkey-over-Syria-remarks.html Joe Biden forced to apologise to UAE and Turkey over Syria remarks, ''The Telegraph'', October 6, 2014]</ref> The U.S. did precisely the same thing in terms of supplying and facilitating the Syrian opposition. Obama had requested $500 million to train fighters opposed to ISIS. In August, the Pentagon announced it would defend those forces from attacks by the Syrian government.<ref>[https://www.wsj.com/articles/pentagon-to-defend-new-syria-force-from-assad-regime-others-1438549937 U.S. to Defend New Syria Force From Assad Regime, WSJ, August 2, 2015]</ref>

Turkey's president [[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan|Erdogan]] has good relations with Barack Obama and they both supported Assad's ouster from Syria. Turkey is a major transit point for both foreign fighters and weapons, which makes both presidents complicit in the failure to stop fighters from joining ISIS ranks. [[Ramzan Kadyrov]], ([[Chechnya]]), 38, said the U.S. secretly controls the Islamic State.<ref>[http://finance.yahoo.com/news/putin-points-muslim-rage-cold-210000968.html Putin Points Muslim Rage at Cold War Foes.]</ref>

ISIS attacks Shiite Muslims, the Iraqi Army and Kurdish [[Peshmerga]] troops, and non-Muslims<ref>http://www.euronews.com/2014/08/12/kurdish-peshmerga-troops-plead-for-weapons-to-fight-islamic-state-militants/</ref> Even bin Laden successor [[Ayman al-Zawahiri]] condemned the Islamic State as "extremists".<ref>http://www.frontpagemag.com/point/262795/moderate-islam-al-qaeda-leader-condemns-isis-daniel-greenfield</ref>The goal of ISIS is to reestablish an Islamic Caliphate.<ref>https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Middle-East/2014/0623/Briefing-What-is-the-Islamic-State-In-Iraq-and-the-Levant-ISIS</ref> By March 2019, the Islamic State had lost all the territory it had conquered. Many former ISIS members have returned to their countries of origin without facing any consequences.<ref>Duke, Selwyn (February 24, 2019). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/europe/item/31555-when-the-west-harbors-the-nazis-of-our-time When the West Harbors the Nazis of Our Time]. ''The New American''. Retrieved February 25, 2019.</ref> Its leader [[Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi]] was killed by U.S. forces in October 2019.<ref>Multiple references:
*Coles, Isabel (October 27, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/baghdadi-presided-over-vast-islamic-state-bureaucracy-inspired-terrorism-11572183503 Baghdadi, Brutal Leader of Islamic State, Inspired Terrorism Around the Globe]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved October 27, 2019.
*Schreck, Adam; Karam, Zeina (October 27, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/7c573f62b9614399b0867c14d7788f76 Islamic State leader leaves a legacy of terror]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 27, 2019.
*Krauss, Joseph (October 27, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/e70533c7182f44a3886f2c049b71b8bf Al-Baghdadi’s death a blow, but IS has survived other losses]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 27, 2019.
*[https://www.apnews.com/b35c5ac2cdee48dda3eefaaece769d06 https://apnews.com/b35c5ac2cdee48dda3eefaaece769d06 Timeline of the rise and fall of the Islamic State group]. ''Associated Press''. October 27, 2019. Retrieved October 27, 2019.</ref>
[[File:The-new-map-of-ISIS.jpg|right400px|thumb|Map of lands claimed by the Islamic Caliphate.<ref>https://www.indiatoday.in/world/story/india-in-2020-if-isis-plans-succeed-287500-2015-08-10</ref>]]
==Syria and Iraq==
[[File:The Hero.PNG|right|275px|thumb|Conan, the hero dog who took down Ibrahim bin ‘Awad bin Ibrahim al-Badri ar-Radawi al-Husseini as-Samara’i, real name Ibrahim ibn Awwad al-Badri al-Samarrai (b. 1971) a.k.a. Abu Du'a and [[Caliph Ibrahim al-Badri]], alleged descendant of the [[Prophet Muhammad]], Commander of the Faithful (''Amir al-Mu'minin'') and [[Caliph]] of all Muslims.]]
ISIS has been fighting in the [[Syrian Civil War]] against [[Bashar al-Assad]] and is known for killing [[Christians in Syria]]. An estimated 5,000 Yazidis have been killed by ISIS in a genocide.<ref name="telegraph.co.uk">{{cite news|last1=Hopkins|first1=Steve|title=Full horror of the Yazidis who didn’t escape Mount Sinjar: UN confirms 5,000 men were executed and 7,000 women are now kept as sex slaves|url=https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2792552/full-horror-yazidis-didn-t-escape-mount-sinjar-confirms-5-000-men-executed-7-000-women-kept-sex-slaves.html|publisher=''The [[Daily Mail]]''|date=14 October 2014|location=London}}</ref><ref>http://www.frontpagemag.com/2014/majid-rafizadeh/killings-of-christians-by-islamists-doubled-in-2013/</ref>

In 2014 IS took control of the Iraqi cities of [[Fallujah]] and [[Mosul]]. Since then Christians in Mosul have to pay "Protection taxes" for their [[faith]].<ref>http://www.aina.org/news/20140627135156.htm</ref> In 2015 IS defeated Iraqi troops and seized the city of Ramadi. IS now controls all the border areas between Syria and Iraqi.

Although [[Barack Hussein Obama]] fought ISIS, he had supported the same crew in Syria.<ref>http://www.teapartycrusaders.com/international-news/developing-evidence-barack-hussein-obama-paved-way-rise-isis-iraq/</ref> The IS fights also Kurdish groups like [[Peshmerga]] or [[PKK]].

ISIS car bombs killed more than 200 people in Baghdad.

In 2019, the [[Kurds]] and the United States, as a result of increased military supplies and efficient strategic decisions by President Donald John Trump, captured the final remaining ISIS stronghold in Syria, stripping the terror organization of all its territory.

==Turkey==

Turkish tanks and warplanes along with rebel ground forces captured the symbolic city of Dabiq in Syria, October 2016.<ref>[https://www.oann.com/syrian-rebels-seize-village-where-islamic-state-promised-final-battle/ Syrian rebels seize village, OANN.com, October 16, 2016]</ref>

Turkish jets scrambled as tanks and artillery of its Fifth Armored Brigade shelled ISIS militants across the border in response to a suicide bombing in Turkey that killed 32 people.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/24/world/europe/turkey-isis-us-airstrikes-syria.html?_r=1 U.S. Jets to Use Turkish Bases in War on ISIS, NYT, July 23, 2015]</ref>

Islamic State fighters fired on a Turkish border outpost in the Kilis region, killing one Turkish soldier and wounding five.

Istanbul suicide bomber who blew himself up in Sultanahmet square near the Blue Mosque and Hagia Sophia, killing 11 tourists.<ref>[https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3397116/Turkey-arrests-three-Russians-links-ISIS-suicide-bomb-killed-ten-tourists-Istanbul.html#ixzz3xGUQzjys Face of a killer: Turkish police release first mugshot of the Istanbul ISIS bomber, Dailymail.co.uk, January 13, 2016]</ref>

Islamic State terrorists from Eastern Europe blew up the airport in Istanbul leaving 45 people dead.

Islamic terrorists strapped a bomb onto a child and sent him to a wedding party where he was detonated by remote control, killing over 50 people. Turkey responding by sending tanks and aircraft into a Syrian border town to attack ISIS militants.

==Libya==
[[File:C9Pak4-W0AIldKy (1).jpg|left|350px|thumb|Jake Sullivan to [[Hillary Clinton]], Feb. 12, 2012, "Al Qaeda is on our side in Syria." ''The Guardian'' reported on July 30, 2012, “[Al-Qaida’s] goal is establishing an Islamic state and not a Syrian state."<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jul/30/al-qaida-rebels-battle-syria</ref>]]
Islamic State has created such a vast presence in Libya, 5000 fighters, that the U.S. government is scrambling to come up with a counter plan.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/05/world/africa/isis-libya-us-special-ops.html?_r=0 Obama Is Pressed to Open Military Front Against ISIS in Libya, NYT, February 4, 2016]</ref>

Islamic State fighters captured Gaddafi's home city of Sirte. Libya has been in near anarchy since [[NATO]] forces helped remove Gaddafi.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/2015/05/21/us-libya-security-insight-idUSKBN0O610M20150521 Gaddafi's home town falls to Islamic State in anarchic Libya, Reuters, May 21, 2015]</ref>

January 7, 2016, ISIS attacks the western city of Zliten with car bombs, killing 60 people.<ref>[http://hereandnow.wbur.org/2016/01/14/isis-makes-inroads-in-libya?utm_medium=RSS&utm_campaign=storiesfromnpr ISIS Makes Inroads In Libya, WBUR.org, January 14, 2016]</ref>

January 17, 2016, the coastal town of Bin Jawad became the fourth to fall into ISIS control.<ref>[https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3403911/ISIS-militants-parade-severed-heads-Mediterranean-coast-town-Bin-Jawad-fourth-fall-militants-Libya.html?ito=social-twitter_mailonline]</ref>

==Afghanistan==
Over 10,000 loyalists of the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) terrorist group are based in the remote regions of Afghanistan and Pakistan. A suicide bombing of the Pakistani consulate killed 10 people. The U.S. military presence in Afghanistan has been given new rules of engagement in order to attack ISIS targets.<ref>[https://www.mintpressnews.com/amid-ever-growing-indications-that-isis-is-establishing-itself-as-a-proper-faction-in-southeastern-afghanistan-based-around-the-city-of-jalalabad-the-pentagon-has-reportedly-been-given-broad-new-aut/213042/ Pentagon Expands ISIS Strikes To Afghanistan, Mintpressnews.com, January 23, 2016]</ref> ISIS claimed responsibility in an August 2019 bombing that killed 63 people.<ref>Mora, Edwin (August 19, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2019/08/19/afghanistan-vows-eliminate-isis-safe-havens-wedding-bombing/ Afghanistan Vows to ‘Eliminate’ ISIS Safe Havens After Wedding Bombing Killed 63]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved August 19, 2019.</ref>

==Egypt==
The assassination of a government official has been linked to ISIS. The Sinai Provine, an ISIS-affiliated terrorist group, launched dozens of simultaneous attacks on North Sinai. The Egyptian military announced 17 soldiers and 100 militants were killed in fighting.<ref>[http://egyptianstreets.com/2015/07/01/death-toll-rises-in-north-sinai-as-egypt-enters-a-state-of-war/ Egypt Officially Announces ‘State Of War’ EgyptianStreets.com, July 1, 2015]</ref> Israel has closed its border with Egypt in response to the developments.

Islamic State claims responsibility for a missile attack on an Egyptian warship.<ref>[https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2015/07/16/warship-burns-as-islamic-state-launches-missile-attack-on-egyptian-navy/ WARSHIP BURNS AS ISLAMIC STATE LAUNCHES MISSILE ATTACK ON EGYPTIAN NAVY, Breitbart, July 16, 2015]</ref>

On October 31, 2015, Russian airline Metrojet left an Egyptian airport and blew up in flight killing 224 people. ISIS has claimed responsibility for placing a bomb on board.<ref>[https://www.cnn.com/2015/11/09/middleeast/russian-plane-crash-egypt-sinai/ Russian plane crash: Bomb theory supported by ISIS chatter, officials say, CNN, November 9, 2015]</ref>

ISIS claimed responsibility for a car bomb that injured nine people at the Italian consulate in [[Cairo]].<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/12/world/middleeast/egypt-bombing-at-italian-consulate-in-cairo.html?_r=0 ISIS Claims Responsibility for Blast at Italian Consulate in Cairo, NYT, July 11, 2015]</ref>

==Saudi Arabia==
Islamic State suicide bomber kills 21 at Saudi Shi'ite mosque.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/2015/05/23/saudi-security-idUSL5N0YD1X520150523 Suicide bomber kills 21 at Saudi Shi'ite mosque, Islamic State claims attack, Reuters, May 23, 2015]</ref>

On May 29, another suicide bomber killed 4 people in a Shiite mosque attack.

August 6, suicide bomber kills 15 at a mosque in the headquarters of the Special Emergency Force in Abha.

Suicide bombers hit targets in the city of Medina, 4 known deaths confirmed.<ref>[http://www.weaselzippers.us/281280-breaking-blast-in-medina-near-burial-place-of-muhammad/ Breaking: Suicide Blast In Medina Near Burial Place Of Muhammad…Update: At Least 4 Security Officers Killed, 5 Injured…, WeaselZippers.us, July 4, 2016]</ref>

==Yemen==
Islamic State suicide bomber strikes a Shiite mosque injuring 13 people. Also in May 2015, IS forces executed 15 Yemeni soldiers by beheading.<ref>[http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2015/05/islamic-state-beheads-shoots-15-yemeni-soldiers.php Islamic State beheads, shoots 15 Yemeni soldiers, The Long War Journal, May 1, 2015]</ref>

==Kuwait==
ISIS has claimed responsibility for an apparent bomb blast at the Shi'ite-affiliated Al-Sadiq mosque on June 26, 2015.

==Tunisia==
Gunmen killed at least 27 people at a beachfront Tunisian hotel on June 26, 2015.

==Russia==
ISIS claimed that they would "liberate" [[Chechnya]] and the entire [[Caucasus Mountains]].<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2014/09/06/islamic-state-militants-want-to-fight-putin-2/?utm_term=.6acf9e5a45ff, The Washington Post, September 6, 2014]</ref>

ISIS claimed responsibility for an attack by two men who attacked police officers near [[Moscow]].<ref>[http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/isis-terror-attacks-news-latest-russia-moscow-balashikha-police-gun-axe-allegiance-video-chechen-a7198731.html, Independent, August 19, 2016]</ref>

ISIS claimed responsibility for a bomb attack on a Russian police convoy in Dagestan. One person was killed and two were injured.<ref>[https://www.cbsnews.com/news/isis-claims-bomb-attack-on-russia-police-in-dagestan/, CBS News, March 30, 2016]</ref>

[[Ukrainian]] [[Nazi]]s in the [[Zelensky regime]] actively sought ISIS fighters as foreign mercenaries in the [[Russia-Ukraine war]].<ref>https://youtu.be/VTKRnIvkfuA</ref>

==ISIS-inspired killers==
Many adherents to ISIS, with little or no formal training, act on behalf of the group outside of the region where the fighting is taking place.

===Australia===
December 2014, 18 hostages were held at The Martin Place Lindt café in Sydney by Man Haron Monis. Two hostages and the gunman were killed in a raid by Australian security forces.

===France===
Amedy Coulibaly attacked a kosher supermarket in Paris that killed a policewoman and four shoppers.

[[Islamic terrorism]] at [[Charlie Hebdo]] was an Al Qaeda affiliate attack with the full support of ISIS.

June 26, 2015, One person has been beheaded and two people injured in a terrorist attack at a U.S.-owned gas factory near Lyon.

November 13, 2015, multiple attacks left 129 people dead in a terrorist attack at in [[Paris]], explosions were made by Stade de France (with a Soccer game between France and Germany) and a mass shooting in the Bataclan Theatre.

A Tunisian man living in France used his truck to murder 84 people on 14 July 2016 in [[Nice]], 3 Americans were dead.

On 12 May 2018 a [[Chechnya|Chechen]]-born knifeman attacked passers-by in Paris while shouting “Allahu akbar”. He killed one man and wounded four others. Previously the attacker made a video in which pledged allegiance to the leader of the Islamic State, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi.<ref>Osborne, Samuel (May 14, 2018). [https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/khamzat-azimov-paris-attack-stabbing-knife-kill-terror-chechen-chechnya-edited-a8351071.html Khamzat Azimov: Who is the Paris attacker responsible for stabbing five people, killing one?] ''Independent''. Retrieved September 21, 2018.</ref>

===Bangladesh===
ISIS militants took hostages in a take over of the Holey Artisan Bakery in Dhaka. 20 people that could not recite the Koran were murdered. Security forces would seize the shop from the terrorists. Current death toll at 20 dead including 3 Americans.

===Belgium===
In January 2015, two suspects died a the shootout with police. The raid turned up four Kalashnikovs, handguns, bomb-making materials and police uniforms.<ref>[https://www.cnn.com/2015/01/16/world/belgium-anti-terror-operation/ Source: Belgium terror cell has links to ISIS, some members still at large, CNN.com, January 16, 2015]</ref>

The ringleader of the ISIS cell that committed mass-murder in France, Salah Abdeslam, was captured in Brussels.

ISIS Jihadi's bombed the Brussels airport in March 2016, killing 32 and injuring more than 300.

===Germany===
An axe-wielding [[Muslim]] Afghan refugee attacks passengers on a German train injuring 4 people before being shot dead.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-36827725 Germany axe attack: Assault on train in Wuerzburg injures HK family]</ref>

A Syrian suicide bomber injured 15 people through a suicide attack in [[Ansbach]] on July 24, 2016.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2016/jul/25/ansbach-explosion-german-town-deliberate-blast-latest]</ref>

On December 20, 2016 a truck rammed into a crowded Christmas market in [[Berlin]], killing at least 12 people and injuring at least 48 others.<ref>[https://www.cnsnews.com/news/article/police-truck-attack-killed-12-berlin-intentional]</ref> ISIS claimed responsibility for the attack.<ref>Hjelmgaard, Kim (December 20, 2016). [https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2016/12/20/berlin-truck-crash/95644498/ ISIL calls Berlin attacker a 'soldier' as manhunt for killer resumes]. ''USA Today''. Retrieved December 20, 2016.</ref>

===Indonesia===
Seven people were killed in Jakarta after gunmen and suicide bombers attack a cafe.<ref>[https://www.businessinsider.com/isis-militants-claim-responsibility-for-attack-in-jakarta-in-first-strike-at-indonesia-2016-1?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=referral ISIS militants claim responsibility for attack in Jakarta in first strike at Indonesia, BusinessInsider, January 13, 2015]</ref>

===United Kingdom===
In March 2017 (a year after the Bombings in Brussels) a terrost attack in [[London]] took place, a 52-year-old man drove into pedestrians at the Westminster Bridge, 5 were dead (of which are 3 pedestrians, 1 police officer and the perpetrator), weapons used by the offender had a knife.<ref>https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/london-parliament-attack/isis-claims-responsibility-london-attack-analysts-remain-skeptical-n738071</ref>

===United States===
In May 2015, two suspects were killed by security guards as they went to attack Draw Muhammad Cartoon event in Garland, Texas hosted by [[Pamela Geller]].

July 2015, ISIS militant attacks U.S. military base in Chattanooga, TN. 4 service members were killed.<ref>[http://www.weaselzippers.us/229298-exclusive-islamic-state-account-tweets-warnings-about-chattanooga-moments-before-shooting-began/ WeaselZippers, July 16, 2015]</ref>

Radicalized San Bernardino shooter Tashfeen Malik pledged allegiance to ISIS before killing 14 in California December 3, 2015.<ref>[http://www.weaselzippers.us/243536-breaking-u-s-officials-san-bernardino-shooter-tashfeen-malik-pledged-allegiance-to-isis/ Breaking: U.S. Officials: San Bernardino Shooter Tashfeen Malik Pledged Allegiance To ISIS, WeaselZippers.us, December 4, 2015]</ref>

Radicalized terrorist [[Omar Mateen]] pledged allegiance to [[ISIS]] while slaughtering 49 people at the Pulse [[gay]] nightclub in Orlando.

ISIS reportedly planned on sending terrorists into the U.S. through smuggling routes on the U.S. southern border.<ref>McKay, Hollie (June 6, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/world/isis-plot-westerners-mexico-border ISIS plotted to send westerners to U.S through Mexico border: report]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved June 6, 2019.</ref><ref>Mass, Warren (June 10, 2019). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/usnews/immigration/item/32561-defector-says-isis-invited-him-to-cross-u-s-border-to-engage-in-financial-attacks Defector Says ISIS Invited Him to Cross U.S. Border to Engage in Financial Attacks]. ''The New American''. Retrieved June 10, 2019.</ref>

A [[Kansas]] convert to Islam,<ref>Adam Goldman, [https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/07/us/politics/islamic-state-fluke-ekren.html From Benghazi to Raqqa, a Kansas Woman Left a ‘Trail of Betrayal’], ''The New York Times'', June 7, 2022.<blockquote>
Allison Fluke-Ekren, a Muslim convert from Kansas, rose through the ranks of the Islamic State in Syria, where she provided military training to women and girls, including her daughter.

She rose through the ranks of the Islamic State, commanding a battalion of female fighters and training more than 100 women and girls, including her own daughter.
Even as her daughter eventually escaped to Kansas in 2017, Ms. Fluke-Ekren stayed, hoping to die defending the so-called caliphate and trying to trick her family in the United States into believing she was no longer alive.</blockquote></ref> with ISIS Jihadists between 2011-2019 and who led an all female Jihadi "batallion", Allison Fluke-Ekren, aka Allison Ekren, aka Umm Mohammed al-Amriki and aka Umm Mohammed, was convicted in 2022.<ref>[https://breaking911.com/kansas-mom-accused-of-leading-all-female-isis-brigade-pleads-guilty/ Kansas mom accused of leading all-female ISIS brigade pleads guilty], B911, June 7, 2022.<blockquote>According to court documents, Allison Fluke-Ekren, aka Allison Ekren, aka Umm Mohammed al-Amriki and aka Umm Mohammed, 42, a former resident of Kansas, traveled overseas and from in or about September 2011 through in or about May 2019, engaged in terrorism-related activities in multiple countries, including Syria, Libya and Iraq. Fluke-Ekren ultimately served as the leader and organizer of an ISIS military battalion, known as the Khatiba Nusaybah, where she trained women on the use of automatic firing AK-47 assault rifles, grenades and suicide belts. Over 100 women and young girls, including as young as 10 or 11-years-old, received military training from Fluke-Ekren in Syria on behalf of ISIS.</blockquote></ref>

In [[New Mexico]], in Aug 2022, Herman Leyvoune Wilson, also known as Bilal Mu'Min Abdullah, accused of trying to create ISIS "safe haven."<ref>[https://www.axios.com/2022/08/27/isis-new-mexico-arrest-fbi New Mexico man accused of trying to create ISIS "safe haven"], ''Axios'', 2022/08/27.<blockquote>
A federal grand jury indicted Herman Leyvoune Wilson, also known as Bilal Mu'Min Abdullah,...</blockquote></ref>
On Aug. 23, a federal grand jury indicted him for trying to establish ISIS training center there.
<ref>[https://thehill.com/policy/national-security/3618072-man-arrested-for-allegedly-trying-to-establish-isis-training-center-in-new-mexico/amp/ Man arrested for allegedly trying to establish ISIS training center in New Mexico], ''The Hill'', Aug 27, 2022.</ref><ref>[https://www.reuters.com/legal/new-mexico-man-accused-planning-islamic-state-training-center-2022-08-26 New Mexico man accused of planning Islamic State training center], ''Reuters'', Aug26, 2022.</ref>

(Related:

In 2018, it was found that at a compound in NM, children were trained for Jihad.<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/article/us-new-mexico-crime/teen-from-new-mexico-compound-says-he-was-trained-for-jihad-fbi-idUSKCN1LI003 Teen from New Mexico compound says he was trained for jihad: FBI], ''Reuters'', Sep 1, 2018.<blockquote>A 13-year-old boy who was part of group taken into custody at a squalid New Mexico compound last month has told FBI.</blockquote></ref><ref>[https://www.cbsnews.com/amp/news/new-mexico-compound-man-training-kids-commit-school-shootings-prosecutors-court-documents-today-2018-08-08/ Man at filthy New Mexico compound was training kids to commit school shootings prosecutors say], ''CBS News'', Aug 8, 2018.<blockquote>The father of a missing 4-year-old Georgia boy was training children at a filthy New Mexico compound to commit school shootings, prosecutors alleged in court documents Wednesday. The documents say Siraj Ibn Wahhaj was conducting weapons training with assault rifles at the compound near the Colorado border that was raided by authorities ...</blockquote></ref>
Children were training for school shootings. At the raid, authorities rescued 11 starving children.<ref>
[https://www.cnn.com/2018/08/09/us/new-mexico-compound-children/index.html Children found in New Mexico compound were training for school shootings prosecutors say], ''CNN'', Aug 9, 2018.</ref>
There was a "terrorist training camp to kill US officers.<ref>Claudia Koerner, [https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/claudiakoerner/new-mexico-compound-terrorist-camp-indictment The Compound Raided In New Mexico Was A Terrorist Training Camp To Kill US Officers], ''Buzzfeed'', Mar 15, 2019.<blockquote>
A 3-year-old boy was found dead after the camp was raided last year, and now five adults are facing terror-related charges.</blockquote></ref>)

===Muslim Arab "Palestinians" inside Israel===

* Wassim Assayed / Wasim a-Sayed.
<ref>[https://rotter.net/forum/scoops1/739691.shtml Slaughtered in their beds - Indictment describes: This is how Yehuda and Tamar Kaduri and Ivan Tarnowski were murdered], ''Rotter'', Apr 18, 2022.
<blockquote>
Notice from the State Attorney's Office:

The Jerusalem District Attorney's Office (Criminal) filed an indictment in the city district court against Wasim Assayed (34), a resident of Hebron, for three terrorist attacks in which he killed three people and tried to kill two more and injured them, all for nationalist motives and being a member of the ISIS terrorist organization.

In 2014, the defendant swore allegiance to the terrorist organization ISIS.

On January 8, 2019, the defendant entered Israeli territory carrying two knives in order to kill Jews out of a nationalist and ideological motive.

According to the indictment, filed by attorneys Erez Padan and Yuval Kedar of the Jerusalem District Attorney's Office, the defendant arrived in Jerusalem in the Armon Hanatziv neighborhood and wandered the neighborhood streets with the intent to locate a Jewish victim and murder him. Defendant spotted a girl walking down the street and began to follow her quickly as he skipped up the stairs. When he got her, he pulled out the knife and started stabbing her in the neck and trying to slash it. The girl cried out in pain and the defendant fled the scene quickly. A day after the assassination attempt, the defendant once again returned to the scene with the intent to kill Jews.

At around 21:30 in the evening, the defendant noticed Yehuda Kadouri wearing a skullcap, getting out of the vehicle while driving, unpacking bags of groceries and walking towards the apartment. Defendant followed Yehuda Kadouri some distance, followed him into the building and followed him while watching his actions as he entered the apartment. Shortly afterwards, Yehuda Kadouri left the apartment and returned to his car. Defendant saw this, opened the apartment door and entered it. The defendant moved between the rooms in the apartment and found Tamar Kadouri in her bed in the bedroom where he stabbed her in the neck several times until her death. The defendant hid in one of the rooms in the apartment while waiting for the return of Yehuda Kadouri in order to kill him and surprised him at the door. Defendant stabbed him until he collapsed and passed away.

After the murder of the Kadouri couple, in the morning the defendant left the apartment taking several rings from the deceased's room worth thousands of new shekels, as well as cash from the deceased's wallet.

The indictment further states that in March 2022 the defendant entered Israel with the aim of killing Jews while carrying a bag containing barbed wire, an electric shocker with a flashlight, pepper spray, and a knife with a blade about 15 cm long and wearing gloves on his hands. The defendant climbed the separation fence between A-Ram and Beit Hanina and entered Israel, with his face to the city of Jerusalem.

The defendant arrived late at night in the Armon Hanatziv neighborhood, wandered the streets of the neighborhood with the intention of locating a Jewish victim and murdering him out of a nationalist and ideological motive. The defendant entered a building in the neighborhood and opened the front door to one of the apartments in the building holding the knife in one hand and the shocker in the other. The defendant noticed Ivan Tarnowski (a Moldovan citizen) and two other people sleeping in their beds.
Since he believed they were Jews and according to his early plan, the defendant went to Ivan's bed and stabbed him while he was sleeping with the knife a deep stab in the neck. The defendant then turned to the extra bed that was in the room and began stabbing the other person as well with a deep stab in the neck. Ivan got out of bed and stood in the room and the defendant fled the apartment quickly, with the deceased leaving the apartment following him. The defendant fled the building and the deceased returned to the apartment and collapsed in the doorway of the room where he inflated his soul.

The indictment attributes to the defendant the commission of aggravated murder offenses, an act of terrorism of attempted murder, an act of terrorism of aggravated sabotage and injury, membership in a terrorist organization and other offenses.

Please note that the prosecution requested that the publication of a few details of the indictment be prohibited in order to maintain the dignity and privacy of the deceased.

Efrat Oren

Spokeswoman for the legal units.</blockquote></ref><ref>Tobias Siegal, Emanuel Fabiant, [https://www.timesofisrael.com/islamic-state-supporter-indicted-for-murder-of-three-jerusalem-residents/ Islamic State supporter indicted for murder of three Jerusalem residents], ''TOI'', Apr 18, 2022.
<blockquote>
Wasim a-Sayed, 34, a Palestinian from Hebron, was detained last month; he is accused in killings of Kaduri couple in 2019 and Moldovan foreign worker Ivan Tarnovski in 2022.</blockquote></ref>
: "I decided to murder Jews for me and for Allah" - said the Arab Palestinian resident of Hebron. He was arrested between 2018-2015 for ISIS activity, then was released. He is responsible for murdering the Kadouri couple (Jan 2019), the attempted murder of Hadar Bezalel and the murder of a Moldovan citizen in the Arnona neighborhood in the capital. He desired that it will help advance ISIS ideology. He is described as cold.<ref>Shlomi Heller, [https://news.walla.co.il/item/3500819 The suspect in the murder of the Kadouri couple: an ISIS terrorist who was already in prison - and was released], Walla News, Apr 14, 2022.<blockquote>
Wassim Assayed, a Palestinian resident of Hebron, was arrested between 2018-2015 for ISIS activity. A few months after his release he was arrested again for incitement and membership in the organization, and sent to prison for two and a half years. He was released about a month ago and immediately committed another murder. "I decided to murder Jews for myself and for Allah," he said during his interrogation.

The suspect in a number of murders and attempted murders in Jerusalem is Wassim Assayed, an ISIS terrorist who has been arrested and released several times, and has acted for nationalist motives. His investigation revealed that he was looking for his victims at random, and set himself the goal of murdering Jews in the belief that this would advance ISIS 'aspirations and ideology.

Assayed, a 34-year-old Palestinian resident of Hebron, is described as an indifferent, secretive and strict. During his interrogation, he said, "I did not tell anyone, that was my secret. I decided to murder Jews for me and for Allah."

Assayed was banned between 2015 and 2018 due to activity in the ISIS infrastructure that planned to carry out attacks against Israeli targets. After his release from prison in Israel, he was detained by the Palestinian Authority for several months, and in January 2019 he was arrested again in Israel. He was prosecuted for incitement and membership in a hostile organization. At the end of the prison term - he was transferred to a long administrative detention of about two and a half years from which he was recently released.</blockquote></ref>
Method of operation: entered the victims' apartment when the door was open and slit their throats.<ref>[https://www.jerusalemnet.co.il/%d7%97%d7%93%d7%a9%d7%95%d7%aa/%d7%94%d7%95%d7%aa%d7%a8-%d7%9c%d7%a4%d7%a8%d7%a1%d7%95%d7%9d-%d7%a8%d7%a6%d7%97-%d7%91%d7%a0%d7%99-%d7%94%d7%96%d7%95%d7%92-%d7%9b%d7%93%d7%95%d7%a8%d7%99-%d7%a4%d7%99%d7%92%d7%95%d7%a2-%d7%91%d7%94%d7%a9%d7%a8%d7%90%d7%aa-%d7%93%d7%90%d7%a2%d7%a9-502946 Permitted for publication: The murder of the Kadouri couple - an ISIS-inspired attack], Jerusalem Net, 04/14/22.<blockquote>
The terrorist, Wasim Assayed, a 34-year-old illegal immigrant from Hebron, is also responsible for the attempted murder of Hadar Bezalel and the murder of a Moldovan citizen in the Arnona neighborhood in the capital. Assayed was arrested by chance by Border Police forces, without knowing that he had any connection to the cases, and a knife with the blood of the Moldovan citizen on it was found in his bag. • Assayed was in administrative detention between 2018-2015, and 2020-2019 • Method of operation: entered the victims' apartment when the door was open and slit their throats.</blockquote></ref>

Assayed<ref>Haim Goldich, [https://www.ynetnews.com/article/bybw500se9 Arrest of Islamic State-affiliated Palestinian cracks cold murder case], i24NEWS, YNet, 04.14.22.<blockquote>

Wassim Assayed admits to 2019 murder of Yehuda and Tamar Kadouri in Jerusalem after being arrested for fatal stabbing of Moldovan national last month, suspected attempted stabbing of girl in 2019 .

Wassim Assayed, a 34-year-old Palestinian from Hebron, is the suspect in the January 13, 2019 fatal stabbing of Yehuda, 71, and Tamar, 68, in their apartment in Jerusalem’s Armon Hanatziv neighborhood.

He is also the suspect in the murder of Ivan Tarnowski, a 37-year-old Moldovan national who was stabbed along with another Moldovan national on March 21, 2022 in the Arnona neighborhood of Jerusalem.

Assayed is also credited with a stabbing attempt of a girl in Jerusalem prior to the murder of the Kadouris...

interrogation also revealed that his activity stemmed from his support for the ideology of the Islamic State, to which he swore allegiance.

A timeline of Assayed's rampage:

January 9th, 2019 — Wassim Assayed attempts to murder Hadar Betzalel, 15 at the time, in Armon Hanatziv.

January 10th, 2019 — Assayed stabs and murders the Kadouris in their home. The terrorist saw Yehuda Kadouri leaving his home and entered to find Tamar Kadouri alone. After stabbing her to death, he waited for the husband to return and managed to kill Yehuda despite his attempts to fight off the armed man.

January 11th, 2019 — The terrorist flees the Kadouri home after staying the night.

January 12th, 2019 — Assayed is arrested for affiliation with the Islamic State. Police are still unaware of his involvement in the murder of the Kadouris.

January 13th, 2019 — The bodies of the Kadouris are found in their home.

March 21st, 2022 — Assayed murders Moldovan national Ivan Tarnowski.</blockquote></ref> was specifically looking for victims who looked to him being Jewish.<ref>Gilad Morag, [https://m.ynet.co.il/articles/hyagafreq Conducted contacts with global jihad, imprisoned separately: This is the terrorist who confessed to the murder of the Kadouri couple], ''Ynet'', 04/14/22.
<blockquote>
Wassim Assayed, who confessed to the murder of the couple in Jerusalem, has been imprisoned in Israel on various occasions since 2007. At first these were minor offenses, but later he was sent to administrative detention: "the only means of thwarting danger on his part." In 2011 he was marked as "determined and daring", in prison he was separated due to his extremist views: "Attack other prisoners."

Wassim Assayed, a terrorist from Hebron who was arrested on suspicion of murdering the Kadouri couple in 2019 and on suspicion of murdering Moldovan citizen Ivan Tarnowski in Jerusalem about a month ago, is an ISIS supporter who became involved in crime in Israel in 2007. The 34-year-old terrorist was imprisoned on several occasions His administrative detention - is considered a dangerous detainee...

Assayed, according to the interpretation of the murder case, as a way of his "work," was looking for victims who looked like Jews. Over the years, many interrogees came to the interrogation rooms in the Jerusalem area and many resources and resources of the Israel Police and the GSS were invested. Decipher and connect the cases.The breakthrough in the case was after the murder of the Moldovan worker in the Arnona neighborhood about a month ago.The terrorist was identified on cameras with external appearance similar to the suspect in the murder of the Kadouri couple in the Commissioner's Palace.</blockquote></ref>
One of the shocking details:<ref>Haim Goldberg (@haim_goldberg) Tweeted ([https://twitter.com/haim_goldberg/status/1514547050544832512 Apr 14, 2022]):
<blockquote>Listen to this shocking detail: After the terrorist Vasim Assayed murdered the Kadouri couple in their home in 2019 he washed his hands in their house, locked the door and went to sleep, he was tired. Only after a few hours did he leave their home. What a shocking attack and hats-off to the Jerusalem Central Unit and the Shabak for this insane decipherment.</blockquote></ref><blockquote>After the terrorist Vasim Assayed murdered the Kadouri couple in their home in 2019 he washed his hands in their house, locked the door and went to sleep, he was tired. Only after a few hours did he leave their home.</blockquote>

* On March 22 2022, Muhammad Alab Ahmed abu Alkiyan, [[ISIS]], an Arab Muslim Israeli citizen from the Bedouin town of Hura and a married father of five massacred four people, ramming some with a vehicle and stabbing others <ref>[https://www.ynetnews.com/magazine/article/syhtshvzc Two mothers and a rabbi who fed the poor: Israel names victims of terror spree], ''Ynet'', 03.22.22.<blockquote>
Moshe was struck down first in the murderous attack; Doris's paramedic nephew was unable to save her; Laura had the strength to fight back while being mercilessly attacked, and Menachem was stabbed dozens of times while taking a walk.</blockquote></ref><ref>StandWithUs (@StandWithUs) Tweeted ([https://twitter.com/StandWithUs/status/1506392188820901888 Mar 22, 2022]):<blockquote>
Doris Yahbas.
Rabbi Moshe Kravitsky.
Lora Yitzhak.
Menahem Yehezkel.

These are the names of the four innocent people who were murdered in today's terror attack in Be'er Sheva, southern #Israel.
May their memories forever be a blessing.</blockquote>https://t.co/sMXZSp0XmF [https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FOfHp6cX0AM-gGL.jpg]</ref> because they were Jews. The "moderate" [[Palestinian Authority]] cheered the attack: PA hypocrisy: Honor terror in Arabic and secretly condemn it in English.<ref>Itamar Marcus, [https://palwatch.org/page/30820 PA hypocrisy: Honor terror in Arabic and secretly condemn it in English], ''PMW'', Mar 24, 2022.<blockquote>

PA to Palestinians: The murderer was a “Martyr” [March 23, 2022]

PA Minister to Israeli Minister: "I am deeply shocked by this terror attack." [March 22, 2022].</blockquote></ref>
In [[Gaza]], [[Hamas]] and [[PIJ]] celebrated, as did [[Hezbollah]] in Lebanon.<ref name=ti-31032022/>

*On March 27, 2022, as [[Israel]]i and Arab officials ([[UAE]], [[Egypt]], [[Bahrain]], [[Morocco]]) were gathering for an historic summit, two Arab Muslims, Ayman Bashir Ighbariah Ibrahim and Hassan Bashir Ighbariah, from Umm al-Fahm Israel, carried out a murderous terror attack in Hadera, killing two and injuring six.<ref>https://www.cnn.com/2022/03/28/middleeast/israel-isis-attack-intl/index.html ISIS attack kills two and injures six in Israel as Arab and Israeli officials hold historic summit], ''CNN'', March 28, 2022.</ref><ref>[https://www.timesofisrael.com/minister-arab-israeli-terrorists-in-hadera-shooting-affiliated-to-islamic-state/ Islamic State claims Hadera attack; minister], ''TOI'', March 27, 2022.</ref>

ISIS put out a statement about the "infidel" Jews.<ref><blockquote>ISIS also issued an official proclamation accepting responsibility for the attack in Hadera: "The "infidel" Jews must know that the promises (to harm them) will come to them sooner or later. With the help of Allah."</blockquote>pic.twitter.com/ujON3TGo2j — roi kais • روعي كايس • רועי קייס (@kaisos1987) [https://twitter.com/kaisos1987/status/1508225829339344897 March 27, 2022]</ref> In [[Gaza]], [[Hamas]] and [[PIJ]]<ref name=ti-31032022>[https://www.terrorism-info.org.il/en/two-deadly-isis-inspired-terrorist-attacks-carried-out-in-southern-and-central-israel/ Two deadly ISIS-inspired terrorist attacks carried out in southern and central Israel], Terrorism-Info, 31/03/2022.<blockquote>On March 22 and 27, 2022, two deadly terrorist attacks were carried out, one in Beersheba, in southern Israel, and one in Hadera, in the country’s center. So far it is unclear if they were connected. Four Israelis were killed in Beersheba and two were wounded. In Hadera two Israelis were killed and five were wounded. The following are some of the details of the attacks:

Both were carried out in cifty centers and targeted innocent passersby.

The terrorists who carried out the attacks were Israeli Arabs from Hura (Beersheba) and Umm al-Fahm (Hadera), and were ISIS sympathizers. At least two of them tried to go to Syria to fight in the ranks of ISIS and served sentences in Israeli jails. However, a preliminary investigation revealed a local ISIS network with no direct connection between the terrorists and ISIS headquarters.

ISIS issued an official claim of responsibility for the attack in Hadera. It mentioned the attack in Beersheba although no separate claim of responsibility was issued. The attack in Hadera was one of the few instances in which ISIS claimed responsibility for a terrorist attack inside Israel.

In both instances the Palestinian Authority (PA) leadership did not issue an official statement. Hamas, the Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ) and other terrorist organizations were quick to praise the attacks and attackers, even though they were affiliated with ISIS. Hezbollah, which sent its operatives to fight ISIS in Syria, also welcomed the attacks. In the Gaza Strip, pastries and candy were distributed to passersby.

The attack in Beersheba was carried out by one terrorist who used his vehicle and a knife. The attack in Hadera was more complex and had to have been pre-planned, possibly with the involvement of others. It was carried out by two terrorists who acquired guns, issued a video before the attack and arrived by car.
</blockquote></ref> as well as [[Hezbollah]] in Lebanon had celebrared it.<ref name=ti-31032022/><ref><blockquote>Hezbollah welcomes the attack in Hadera yesterday. A statement from the organization said that the attack underscores the desire of the Palestinian people to fight ...and that it is a practical response to the normalization meetings held by some Arab regimes with the enemy entity.</blockquote>— roi kais • روعي كايس • רועי קייס (@kaisos1987) [https://twitter.com/kaisos1987/status/1508321308211359748 March 28, 2022]</ref>

The Umm al-Fahm mayor, Samir Subhi Mahameed issued a condolence message to the families of the two ISIS terrorists who carried out the attack in Hadera.<ref>[https://rotter.net/forum/scoops1/737321.shtml Umm al-Fahm municipality issued a condolence message to the families of the two terrorists who carried out the attack in Hadera], Rotter, March 31, 2022.<blockquote>
Umm al-Fahm municipality issued a condolence message to the families of the two terrorists who carried out the attack in Hadera
Translation of the message:
* Binding condolences *
On my behalf and on behalf of the members and employees of the Umm al-Fahm Municipality and the people of the city, we send our sincere condolences and our heartfelt condolences to our family in the Bashir family and to the whole family, on the passing of the deceased: Ayman Bashir Ighbariah Ibrahim Hassan Bashir Ighbariah.
May Allah have mercy on them and forgive them and inspire patience and comfort in their families We belong to Allah and we will return to Him
Dr. .. Samir Subhi
Mayor of Umm al-Fahm</blockquote>[https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FPLl7BHXMAA-yME.jpg]</ref>

The Umm al-Fahm post was removed only after the intervention of the Ministry of the Interior, which is currently content with a statement of condemnation.<ref>[https://rotter.net/forum/scoops1/737326.shtml The Umm al-Fahm post of condolences to the families of the terrorists was removed only after the intervention of the Ministry of the Interior, which is currently content with a statement of condemnation]. Rotter, 31.03.22:<blockquote>
Update:

By order of the Minister of the Interior, the Director General of the Ministry of the Interior called the mayor of Umm al-Fahm and asked him to remove the post. The post has been removed.

It is inconceivable that a municipality in the State of Israel would console families of terrorists. This is a serious and shameful post and it is good that it has been deleted.
The Interior Minister will continue to show zero tolerance for supporting terrorism on social networks and in general.</blockquote></ref>

On Apr 1, 2022, ISIS called<ref>[https://rotter.net/forum/scoops1/737461.shtml The ISIS Organization calls to his loyalists in "Palestine" to carry out attacks], ''Rotter News'', Apr 1, 2022.
<blockquote>The ISIS Da'ash organization dedicates his weekly newspaper of honor for the terrorist attacks in Israel. They earn the main page and an article on the internal page, as well as disclosure of the organization against the "false nationalism" and calls for its people to act according to Islam which overpowers nationalism (Palestinian). In the declaration of the organization, the organization refers to a special call to its loyalists in the "Palestinian and its environs" in which he calls them to get up, to fix their way, release themselves from the false nationalism and fill the fatwah of cleansing the world from the infidels and the heresy. This is a religious call for terrorist attacks in "Palestinian territories."</blockquote></ref> on its loyalists in "Palestine" to carry out attacks. It called to eject "Palestinian" nationalism and act according to Islam and perform the fatwa against the infidels.
It dedicated its weekly publication to the attack in Hadera under the headline "Our campaign with the Jews is a pure Islamic campaign."<ref>roi kais • روعي كايس • רועי קייס (@kaisos1987) Tweeted ([https://twitter.com/kaisos1987/status/1509784242917711875 Apr 1, 2022]):<blockquote>
In addition, an article was published in the ISIS weekly dedicated to the attack in Hadera under the headline "Our campaign with the Jews is a pure Islamic campaign." The article is the organization's defense letter for the claim that it does not fight Jews enough and criticism of the Palestinian terrorist organizations that are fighting in Israel in the name of national and non-religious motives.</blockquote>[https://pbs.twimg.com/media/FPPQ_65WYAERnMb.jpg:large]</ref>

The [[Biden]] administration failed to address ISIS problem there.<ref>Daniel Greenfield,, [https://www.jns.org/opinion/will-biden-fund-isis-in-israel-to-aid-the-palestinians/ Will Biden fund ISIS in (Arab Islamists in) Israel to aid the Palestinians?], ''JNS'', March 29, 2022.<blockquote>

The "Palestinian people" have spoken. Will Biden listen to them?

"In the name of Allah, the merciful and compassionate," said Palestinian Authority leader Mahmoud Abbas, “we would like to welcome Secretary Clinton.”
“Blinken,” someone corrected him.

“Sorry, Blinken,” said the 86-year-old Islamic terrorist leader.

U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken had to travel thousands of miles to find a leader even more unpopular and out of it than the one he had left behind at the White House.
That was last year. This year, Abbas got Blinken’s name right, but not much else.

In 17 years (and just one election), Abbas has seen a lot of secretaries of state come and go to get their pictures taken with him before sending him a few hundred million dollars.

Last year, Abbas told Blinken that he had “postponed the elections” because of Israel and that the moment he gets his paws on Jerusalem, “we will hold them immediately and without any delay, because ultimately what we’re interested in is to establish democracy throughout Palestine.” This year they can’t be held either, because Abbas still doesn’t have Jerusalem.

The last Palestinian Authority presidential election was in 2005. Abbas won. The last parliamentary election was in 2006. Hamas won. The presidential and parliamentary elections have been postponed since then but are expected to resume any time now. If not, blame Israel.

Since elections won’t be happening anytime soon, a recent poll reveals that 73% of the “Palestinians” occupying the West Bank and Gaza Strip want Abbas to resign.
If elections were somehow held today, the Hamas presidential candidate would win 54% of the vote while Abbas would only get 38%. So you can see why there will be no elections.

Sixty-one percent want to tear up all agreements with Israel (since they haven’t kept them, that would be a technicality), 70% don’t want to negotiate with Israel and 64% don’t even want to negotiate with Biden. Fifty-eight percent oppose the “two-state solution” that is the touchstone of the entire peace process.

Seventy-three percent believe that the Koran predicts that Israel will be destroyed, but only 32% believe it will happen in 2022.
Under these circumstances, the last thing the Biden administration wants is democracy for the quarreling foreign jihadist tribes who invaded Israel over the last few centuries and were rebranded with the name of the European colonists known as the Philistines.

Blinken is fine with Abbas postponing the elections forever, because otherwise the terror clans will do what they did the last time that Bush naively allowed elections and vote for Hamas.

And that would be inconvenient because Hamas won’t pretend that they aren’t terrorists.

Four Israelis were murdered last week by a Muslim terrorist attack at a mall in Beersheva.

Despite the terrorist’s Islamic State membership, a Hamas spokesman praised “the executor of the heroic operation” and promised more “heroic operations: stabbings, ramming and shooting” like the car-ramming and stabbing spree that killed a rabbi who ran a soup kitchen and two mothers of three. So much for the claim that Hamas will inhibit the rise of the “extremists” of ISIS.
P.A. media also hailed the terrorist, Muhammad Abu al-Kiyan, who was shot and killed by an Israeli bus driver who chased him down on foot, as a “martyr.” If the P.A. follows its usual “Pay to Slay” policy in this case, it won’t just be financially supporting the usual stable of PLO, Hamas and Islamic Jihad families, but also an ISIS terrorist’s family.

And that will mean American taxpayers will end up subsidizing ISIS terrorism in Israel, as the Biden administration explores ways to bypass the Taylor Force Act’s ban on terror funding.

At a joint press conference on Sunday with Israeli Prime Minister Naftali Bennett, Blinken gave a speech mostly blaming Israel for future violence during Passover and Ramadan. That speech was followed by another ISIS attack in which two heavily armed terrorists opened fire on a bus. The Islamic terrorists were taken down by cops who had been eating nearby, but not before they killed two officers.

Hamas celebrated the “valor and courage” of the ISIS terrorists, as

did Islamic Jihad.
Hezbollah, backed by Iran, praised the ISIS attack as an “important and most effective practical response to the infamous and treacherous normalization meetings that some Arab regimes are carrying out with the enemy entity,” referring to the anti-Iran summit in Israel with the foreign ministers of Bahrain, UAE, Morocco and Egypt.

Iran’s pro-Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps outlet, too, praised it as a “martyrdom operation.” When it comes to Israel, Iran and ISIS are on the same side. Much as Al-Qaeda and Iran were on the same side when it came to the terrorist attacks of September 11.

Blinken meanwhile used the visit to pitch Israelis on a Biden plan to remove the IRGC, Iran’s terror hub, from the list of foreign terrorist organizations, claiming it would be “symbolic.”

He failed to condemn the terrorist attack as an ISIS attack, calling it “senseless” violence.

At his joint press conference with Abbas, Blinken also failed to condemn terrorism or to note that ISIS, with the tacit support of his PLO hosts in Ramallah and of Hamas in Gaza, was planting its flag in Israel. Instead, Blinken once again condemned Jewish Israeli “settler violence.”

Like Undersecretary of State Victoria Nuland’s previous visit, the formula of Biden administration officials condemning Israeli “settler violence” while promising to “strengthen” the terrorists of the P.A. is as familiar as it is evil. The P.A. is an unwanted institution whose leader 73% of the people he rules over want to see out of office.
And 49% want to dissolve the Palestinian Authority.

Considering the decades of failure, misery and terrorism wrought by the failed Clinton initiative to create a Palestinian state, it’s long past time for everyone to turn the page on this disaster.

Neither Arab Muslims nor Israelis want Abbas or the P.A. Only diplomats like Blinken and Nuland insist on keeping the senile tyrant of Ramallah in office until he dies.

In a final statistic, the poll asked who was “most deserving of representing and leading the Palestinian people.” Thirty-one percent picked Hamas, 29% chose Abbas’ P.A., and 33% chose none of the above. Eighty-four percent believe the P.A. is corrupt and 70% believe Hamas is dirty.
The “Palestinian people” have spoken. Will Biden listen to them?

The root source of the corruption is the hundreds of millions of dollars Blinken came bearing last year for the regime of a corrupt, senile autocrat who didn’t even know whom he was talking to. There’s more money coming this year to prop up the terrorist regime.

All in the name of a peace which doesn’t exist and that the majority of “Palestinians” don’t want.

The United States has gone from using its foreign aid to the P.A. to prop up PLO, Islamic Jihad and Hamas terrorism against Israel to subsidizing ISIS terrorism.
Will ISIS be a final red line for the corrupt farce of a two-state solution and a peace process?</blockquote></ref>

*On Apr 5, 2022, it was reported that some 15 attacks were thwarted and 400 suspects were identified who had links to ISIS and other organizations.<ref>Meirav Arad, [https://m.news1.co.il/Archive/001-D-452595-00.html "15 terrorist attacks have been foiled recently"], News 1, Apr 5, 2022.<blockquote>
[Bennett] Noted that at least 15 attacks were thwarted and 400 suspects were identified who had links to ISIS and other organizations - called on everyone to "go to work, travel and spend time...</blockquote></ref>

*On April 13, 2022, Bashar Al-Galawi, an Arab Muslim, about 18 years old, from Rahat was arrested by the Israeli General Security Service on suspicion of planning to go to [[Syria]] and join the ranks of the [[ISIS]] terrorist organization.<ref>[https://www.israelnationalnews.com/flashes/574149 Teenager from Bedouin town suspected of trying to join ISIS], ''INN'', Apr 13, 2022.<blockquote>
An 18-year-old resident of the Bedouin city of Rahat in southern Israel was arrested on suspicion of committing security offenses inspired by the Islamic State terrorist group (ISIS). The suspect, Bashar Al-Galawi, has Israeli citizenship.</blockquote></ref><ref>[https://www.0404.co.il/?p=809500 An Arab from Rahat was arrested on suspicion of trying to join ISIS], 0404 News, 13/04/2022.<blockquote>An Arab, about 18 years old, from Rahat was arrested by the General Security Service on suspicion of planning to go to Syria and join the ranks of the ISIS terrorist organization.
The arrest comes against the background of the wave of terrorism in our country and later a series of arrests of ISIS supporters in Israel.</blockquote></ref>

*In May 2022, five Arabs from East Jerusalem were arrested on suspicion of belonging to ISIS.<ref>[https://www.0404.co.il/?p=816369 Five Arabs from East Jerusalem were arrested on suspicion of belonging to ISIS], ''News 0404'', 22/05/2022.<blockquote>
Against the background of the wave of terrorism in our country, five Arabs from East Jerusalem were arrested last weekend on suspicion of belonging to the Islamic State (ISIS).

The five, in their 30s, were questioned by police and their detention was extended until tomorrow.

As you may recall, some of the attacks in the current wave of terrorism were carried out by Arabs who saw themselves as part of the ISIS terrorist organization and our forces set themselves the goal of locating additional supporters of the Islamic State and thus preventing deadly attacks across our country.</blockquote></ref>

==State support for ISIS==
===Pakistan===
Former ISIS fighters in Afghanistan have said that the Pakistani military provided weapons to them.<ref>https://tolonews.com/afghanistan/former-daesh-fighters-claim-pakistan-funded-them</ref>
In June 2017, Abdul Saboor Sabet stated that Pakistani Militias gave reinforcement to ISIS militants against the Afghan Army in the Tora Bora region.<ref>https://tolonews.com/afghanistan/pakistani-militia-backed-daesh-tora-bora-offensive-nds</ref>

===Turkey===
There is evidence to show that the Turkish Intelligence agency MIT, in [[collusion]] with its Western and Middles Eastern partners, conspired to bus ISIS and Al-Qaeda terrorists to Syria which the United States trained at [[NATO]] bases in Turkey. Former ''Today's Zaman'' editor Abdullah Bozkurt, added that the buses were also owned by the MIT. <ref>https://www.investigativeproject.org/7809/report-wiretaps-show-turkish-intel-supported-isis</ref> A captured ISIS jihadist claimed that Turkey provided them with drones and munitions to be used against the Kurds. He also claimed that Turkish hospitals treated ISIS fighters during the 2014-2015 Battle for Kobane.

===Obama's United States===
:{{See also|Obama administration}}
President [[Barack Obama]] signed a Presidential Finding on August 1, 2012 authorizing transfer of captured weapons from [[Libya]] to groups that became the Islamic State.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170216061621/https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/08/01/obama-secret-syria-order_n_1730712.html?tw_p=twt</ref> ''[[Reuters]]'' reported {{Quotebox|under provisions of the presidential finding, the United States was collaborating with a secret command center operated by Turkey and its allies. 

Last week, Reuters reported that, along with [[Saudi Arabia]] and Qatar, Turkey had '''established a secret base near the Syrian border to help direct vital military and communications support to Assad’s opponents.

This “nerve center” is in Adana, a city in southern Turkey about 60 miles (100 km) from the Syrian border, which is also home to Incirlik, a U.S. air base where U.S. military and intelligence agencies maintain a substantial presence.''' 

Turkey’s moderate Islamist government has been demanding Assad’s departure with growing vehemence. Turkish authorities are said by current and former U.S. government officials to be increasingly involved in providing Syrian rebels with training and possibly equipment. 

European government sources said wealthy families in Saudi Arabia and Qatar were providing significant financing to the rebels. Senior officials of the Saudi and Qatari governments have publicly called for Assad’s departure.}}
''[[The Guardian]]'' reported,<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jul/30/al-qaida-rebels-battle-syria</ref>
{{Quotebox|these were not average members of the Free Syrian Army. Abu Khuder and his men fight for [[al-Qaida]]. They call themselves the ghuraba’a, or “strangers”, after a famous jihadi poem celebrating Osama bin Laden’s time with his followers in the Afghan mountains, and they are one of a number of jihadi organisations establishing a foothold in the east of the country now that the conflict in Syria has stretched well into its second bloody year. 

They try to hide their presence. “Some people are worried about carrying the [black] flags” ... 

...[they] are working closely with the military council that commands the Free Syrian Army brigades in the region. “We meet almost every day,” he said. “We have clear instructions from our [al-Qaida] leadership that if the FSA need our help we should give it. We help them with IEDs and car bombs. Our main talent is in the bombing operations” ... 

“The FSA lacks the ability to plan and lacks military experience. That is what [al-Qaida] can bring. ... 

“In the beginning there were very few. Now, mashallah, there are immigrants joining us and bringing their experience,” he told the gathered people. “Men from [[Yemen]], Saudi, Iraq and Jordan... 

“[Al-Qaida’s] goal is establishing an Islamic state and not a Syrian state,” he replied. “Those who fear the organisation fear the implementation of Allah’s jurisdiction...}}
The ''[[New York Times]]'' reported [[David Petraeus]] had been instrumental in helping to get an aviation network moving to supply ISIS rebels and prodded various countries to work together on it. Three Royal Jordanian Air Force [[C-130]]s landed in Esenboga, in a hint at what would become a stepped-up Jordanian and Saudi role. “Within three weeks, two other Jordanian cargo planes began making a round-trip run between Amman, the capital of Jordan, and [[Zagreb]], the capital of [[Croatia]], where, officials from several countries said, the aircraft were picking up a large Saudi purchase of infantry arms from a Croatian-controlled stockpile." Two Jordanian Ilyushins bearing the logo of the Jordanian International Air Cargo firm but flying under Jordanian military call signs made a combined 36 round-trip flights between [[Amman]] and Croatia from December 2012 through February 2013. The same two planes made five flights between Amman and Turkey in January 2013. "As the Jordanian flights were under way, the Qatari flights continued and the Royal Saudi Air Force began a busy schedule, too — making at least 30 C-130 flights into Esenboga from mid-February 2013 to early March 2013, according to flight data provided by a regional air traffic control official.” American officials have confirmed that senior [[White House]] officials were regularly briefed on the shipments.”<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/25/world/middleeast/arms-airlift-to-syrian-rebels-expands-with-cia-aid.html</ref>

[[Edward Snowden]] leaked detail a program that trained approximately 10,000 rebel fighters at a cost of $1 billion a year.<ref>http://fair.org/home/down-the-memory-hole-nyt-erases-cias-efforts-to-overthrow-syrias-government/</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of Islamist terrorist attacks]]
* [[Genocide of Christians by ISIS]]
* [[Jihad]]
* [[Criticism of Islam]]

==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=35em}}

==External links==
*[https://www.timesofisrael.com/timeline-of-the-rise-and-fall-of-islamic-state/ The rise and fall of Islamic State, whose ‘caliphate’ is now said to be over], ''The Times of Israel'' (from the ''Associated Press''), March 23, 2019.

{{Terrorism}}

[[Category:Syria]]
[[Category:Iraq]]
[[Category:Terrorist Organizations]]
[[Category:Islamic Terrorism]]
[[Category:Threats]]
[[Category:Oppression]]
[[Category:Obama Administration]]
[[Category:Anti-American]]
[[Category:Islamic Terrorism]]
[[Category:Islamism]]
[[Category:Child soldiers]]

Arabic language

2022-09-03T02:34:54Z

Iraqi editor:

[[Image:Arabic speaking world.png|thumb|right|*Green=Official language *Blue=One of several official languages]]
'''Arabic''' ('''اللغة العربية''' "''al-luġatu l-ʿarabiyyah'', or simply '''عربي''' "''arabī''") is a [[Semitic language]] spoken by some 360 million people [https://www.worlddata.info/languages/arabic.php#:~:text=The%20Arabic%20language%20(native%20name,Arabic%20as%20their%20mother%20tongue. 1] worldwide. Having its origins in [[Saudi Arabia]], Arabic is closely related to [[Hebrew]] and [[Aramaic]], going back to the [[Tower of Babel]]. Hebrew was the original language of mankind, but God dispersed the peoples of the Earth, and those who remained in Babylon spoke a corruption of Hebrew, Babylonian. In time Babylonian was further corrupted into what is now Arabic.

Arabic is a language with many different dialects. Including Egyptian Arabic,Iraqi Arabic, Lebanese Arabic, Palestinian Arabic, Jordanian Arabic, Syrian Arabic, Najdi Arabic, Yemeni Arabic, Hejazi Arabic, Sudanese Arabic, and Magerbi Arabic. There is also Modern Standard Arabic and Quranic Arabic. It is the liturgical language of [[Islam]]. Arabic is the language to which the [[Quran]] was revealed by Allah according to Islam. Muslims pray in Arabic just like a lot of Catholics used to pray in Latin.

The Arabic alphabet includes ''ʼalif'', ''bāʼ'', ''tāʼ'', '''''ṯ'''āʼ'', ''ǧīm'', ''ḥāʼ'', ''ḫāʼ'', ''dāl'', ''ḏāl'', ''rāʼ'', ''zāī'', ''sīn'', ''šīn'', ''ṣād'', ''ḍād'', ''ṭāʼ'', ''ẓāʼ'', ''ʿayn'', ''ġayn'', ''fāʼ'', ''qāf'', ''kāf'', ''lām'', ''mīm'', ''nūn'', ''hāʼ'', ''wāw'', and ''yāʼ''. The language also includes the short vowels fatHa, damma, and kasra, as well as symbols to aid pronunciation such as the sukoon and shadda. These characters are not typically written, appearing mostly in poetry and the Qur'an.

== Arabic grammar ==
Arabic is written from right to left. Arabic has feminine and masculine words. In Arabic The Verb comes first, then the Subject and finally the Object.

[[Category:Semitic Languages]]
[[Category:Islam]]
[[Category:Middle East]]

Iraq

2022-09-03T02:16:58Z

Iraqi editor: I update the information

{{Country
|name = جمهورية العراق'' Jumhūriyyat ul-Irāq Jomhūrī-ye Īrāq''
|map =Iraq rel 2004.jpg
|flag =Flag of Iraq svg.png
|arms =Arms of Iraq.png
|capital =Baghdad
|capital-raw =
|government =Parliamentary Democracy (developing)
|government-raw =
|languages =Arabic, Kurdish, Turkmen, Aramaic, Armenian| =
|queen =
|monarch-raw =
|president =Barham Salih
|chancellor =
|chancellor-raw =
|pm =Mustafa Al-Kadhimi
|area =169,234 sq. mi.
|pop =40,500,000 (2020)
|pop-basis =
|gdp =$225,000,000,000 (2020)
|gdp-year =
|gdp-pc =$5,556 (2020)
|currency =Iraqi dinar
|idd =
|tld =
}}

The modern country of '''Iraq''' corresponds with the ancient region of Mesopotamia - known by many as the cradle of civilization - where the first cities and classical civilizations developed in the fertile region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.

==Geography==
Iraq is bordered by [[Kuwait]], [[Iran]], [[Turkey]], [[Syria]], [[Jordan]], and [[Saudi Arabia]]. The country slopes from mountains over 3,000 meters (10,000 ft.) above sea level along the border with Iran and Turkey to the remnants of sea-level marshes in the southeast. Much of the land is desert or wasteland. The mountains in the northeast are an extension of the alpine system that runs eastward from the Balkans into southern Turkey, northern Iraq, Iran, and [[Afghanistan]], terminating in the [[Himalayas]].

Average temperatures range from higher than 48 °C (120 °F) in July and August to below freezing in January. Most of the rainfall occurs from December through April and averages between 10 and 18 centimeters (4-7 in.) annually. The mountainous region of northern Iraq receives appreciably more precipitation than the central or southern desert region.

==People==
[[Image:Iraq ethno 2003.jpg|right|200px|thumb|Ethnic distribution]]
[[File:Iraqi girl smiles.jpg|left|240px]]
[[Image:Iraq pop 2003.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Population density]]
Almost 75% of Iraq's population live in the flat, alluvial plain stretching southeast from Baghdad and Basrah to the Persian Gulf. The Tigris and Euphrates Rivers carry about 70 million cubic meters of silt annually to the delta. Known in ancient times as Mesopotamia, the region is the legendary locale of the Garden of Eden. The ruins of [[Ur]], Babylon, and other ancient cities are in Iraq.

Iraq's two largest ethnic groups are Arabs and Kurds. Other distinct groups are Turcoman, Chaldeans, Assyrians, Persians, and Armenians. Arabic is the most commonly spoken language. Kurdish is spoken in the north, and English is the most commonly spoken Western language.

The majority (60-65%) of Iraqi Muslims are members of the Shi'a sect, but there is a large (32-37%) Sunni population as well, made up of both Arabs and Kurds. Small communities of Christians, Jews, Bahais, Mandaeans, and Yezidis also exist. Most Kurds are Sunni Muslim but differ from their Arab neighbors in language, dress, and customs.
*Population (July 2007 est.): 27,499,638.
*Population growth rate (2007 est.): 2.618%.
*Ethnic groups: Arab 75%-80%, Kurd 15%-20%, Assyrian 3%, Turcoman, Chaldean, or others less than 5%.
*Religions: Muslim 97%, Christian 3%, others less than 1%.
*Languages: Arabic (official), Kurdish (official), Assyrian, Armenian.
*Education: Years compulsory—primary school (age 6 through grade 6). Literacy (2006 UNESCO est.)--74.1%.
*Health: Infant mortality rate—47.04 deaths/1,000 live births. Life expectancy—69.3 yrs. (2007 est.)

==Government==
Iraq is a constitutional democracy with a federal system of government. The 2005 Iraqi Constitution guarantees all Iraqis basic rights in many areas. The executive branch is made up of the Presidency Council (one president, two deputy presidents) and a Council of Ministers (one prime minister, two deputy prime ministers, and 34 cabinet ministers). The President is the Head of State, protecting the Constitution and representing the sovereignty and unity of the state, while the Prime Minister is the direct executive authority and commander in chief. Beginning in 2006, the military and police began transitioning from being under the operational control of the Multi-National Forces-Iraq command to Iraqi command and control. The President and Vice Presidents are elected by the Council of Representatives (CoR). The Prime Minister is nominated by the largest bloc in the Council of Representatives. Upon designation, the Prime Minister names the members of his cabinet, the Council of Ministers, which is then approved by the Council of Representatives. The Council of Representatives may withdraw confidence from the Prime Minister, in which case the Prime Minister and Cabinet are considered resigned. Under normal circumstances, the executive branch serves a four-year term concurrent with that of the Council of Representatives.

Iraq's legislative branch consists of an elected Council of Representatives and an as-yet unformed Federation Council. The Council of Representatives consists of 275 members, each of whom is elected to four-year terms of service. At least one-quarter of the members of the Council of Representatives must be female. The responsibilities of the Council of Representatives include enacting federal laws, monitoring the executive branch, and electing the President of the Republic. The Federal Council will be established, by law, as a representative for governorates and territories that are not organized in a region.

Iraq's judicial branch is independent, and is under no authority but that of the law. The federal judicial authority is comprised of the Higher Judicial Council, Federal Supreme Court, Court of Cassation, Public Prosecution Department, Judiciary Oversight Commission, and other federal courts. The Higher Judicial Council supervises the affairs of the federal judiciary. The Federal Supreme Court is the highest court in the country, and the final authority on legal decisions. The establishment of the federal courts, their types, and methods for judicial appointments will be set forth by laws enacted by the Council of Representatives.

===Principal Officials of the Iraqi National Unity Government===
[[File:Maliki and new cabinet dic 2010 Iraq.jpg|thumb|320px|Former Prime Minister [[Haider al-Abadi|Maliki]] and his cabinet, 2010.]]
*President— Barham Salih
*Vice-President--
*Prime Minister— Mustafa Al Kadhimi
*Deputy Prime Minister for Energy—Husayn al-Shahristani
*Deputy Prime Minister for Economic Affairs—Salih al-MUTLAQ
*Deputy Prime Minister for Services—Rowsch Nuri SHAWAYS
*Minister of Agriculture—Izz al-Din al-Dawla
*Minister of Communications—Muhammad Tawfiq Allawi
*Minister of Defense—Vacant
*Minister of Immigration & Displaced Persons—Dindar Najam Shafiq DOSKI
*Minister of Education—Mohammed Tamim
*Minister of Environment—Sargon Lazar SULAYWAH
*Minister of Finance—Rafi Hiyad al-ISSAWI
*Minister of Foreign Affairs—Ali al-SAJRI
*Minister of Health—Majid Hamad Amin JAMIL
*Minister of Higher Education—Ali al-ADIB
*Minister of Human Rights—Muhammad Shia al-SUDANI
*Minister of Interior—Vacant
*Minister of Justice—Hasan al-SHAMMARI
*Minister of Labor & Social Affairs—Nasir al-RUBAI
*Minister of Oil--[[Abdul-Kareem Luaibi]]
*Minister of Trade—Vacant
*Minister of State for Women's Affairs—Hoshyar Mahmud ZEBARI
* Bushra Hussein Saleh is a minister without portfolio. A lone woman in Iraq's new cabinet.
* Ambassador to the US Samir Shakir al-SUMAYDI
* Permanent Representative to the UN, New York Hamid al-BAYATI

===Major Political Parties and Organizations [Leaders]===
Assyrian Democratic Movement [Yonadam Kanna]; Al-Da'wa [Ibrahim al-Ja'afari]; Badr Organization [Hadi al-Amiri]; Constitutional Monarchy Movement [Sharif Ali Bin al-Hussein]; General Conference of Iraqi People [Adnan al-Dulaymi]; Hewar National Iraqi Front [Saleh al-Mutlaq]; Independent Iraqi Alliance [Falah al-Naqib]; Iraqi Hizballah [Karim Mahud al-Muhammadawi]; Iraqi Independent Democrats [Adnan Pachachi]; Iraqi Islamic Party [Muhsin Abd al-Hamid]; Iraqi National Accord (INA) [Ayad Allawi]; Iraqi National Congress (INC) [Ahmad Chalabi]; Iraqi National Unity Movement [Ahmad al-Kubaysi]; Iraqi Turkmen Front [Faruk Abdullah Abdurrahman]; Jama'at al-Fadilah [Ayatollah Muhammad 'Ali al-Yacoubi]; Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) [Massoud Barzani]; Kurdistan Islamic Union [Salaheddine Muhammad Bahaaeddin]; Mithal al-Alusi List [Mithal al-Alusi]; Muslim Ulama Council [Harith Sulayman al-Dari]; National Democratic Movement; Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK) [Jalal Talabani]; Al-Risalyun [Muqtada al-Sadr]; Al-Sadr Movement [Muqtada al-Sadr]; Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq (ISCI, formerly the Supreme Council of the Islamic Revolution in Iraq, SCIRI) [Abdul Aziz al-Hakim]; Yazidi Movement for Reform and Progress

'''Note''': The Democratic Patriotic Alliance of Kurdistan, the Iraqi List, and the United Iraqi Alliance were electoral blocs consisting of the representatives from the various Iraqi political parties. Alliances and Electoral blocs are subject to change.

===Political Conditions===
Since March 2006, the Government of Iraq has been a broad coalition led by a Shi’ite legislative bloc known as the United Iraqi Coalition (UIC) or the United Iraqi Alliance (UIA). The UIC currently holds 128 of 275 seats in the Council of Representatives. The UIC is currently composed of ISCI, the al-Sadr movement, al-Da’wa al-Islamiyya, Da’wa Tanzim al-Iraq, Jama’at al-Fadilah, and various independents. Politicians with Sunni religious affiliations, including the Tawaffuq and Hewar groups, presently hold 59 seats in the Council of Representatives. The Kurdish bloc known as the Democratic Patriotic Alliance of Kurdistan (which includes the KDP & PUK) holds 53 legislative seats. Ayad Allawi's Iraqiyya or Iraqi National List (INL) holds 25 seats. The remaining seats are composed of various independents.

With regard to the executive branch, much care has been given to ensure that there is proportionate distribution of ministerial positions among the major political groups. For example, in the Presidency Council, President Jalal Talabani is Kurdish, Deputy President ‘Adil ‘Abd al-Mahdi is a Shi’a Muslim, and Deputy President Tariq al-Hashimi is a Sunni Muslim. Additionally, the Council of Ministers consists of 18 Shi’a Muslims, 8 Sunni Muslims, 8 Kurds, and 5 members of Ayad Allawi's secular INA.

The Government of Iraq is currently working toward reviewing the Constitution. The process is likely to be a long and careful one, as consideration needs to be given to the interests of each of the major political groups. Issues to be addressed include federalism, the sharing of oil revenues, de-Ba’thification reform, and provincial elections.

===Foreign Relations===
With the fall of Saddam Hussein and the Ba'ath regime, Iraq has taken steps toward re-engagement on the international stage. Iraq currently has diplomatic representation in 54 countries around the world, including 3 permanent Missions to the United Nations in New York, the United Nations Commission on Human Rights in Geneva and the Arab League in Cairo. 48 countries have diplomatic representation in Iraq,

The Republic of Iraq belongs to the following international organizations: United Nations (UN); Arab League (AL); World Bank (WB); International Monetary Fund (IMF); International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA); Nonaligned Movement (NAM); Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC); Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC); Interpol; World Health Organization (WHO); G-19; G-77; Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa (ABEDA); Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development (AFESD); Arab Monetary Fund (AMF); Council of Arab Economic Unity (CAEU); Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO); International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD); International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO); International Community for Radionuclide Metrology (ICRM); International Development Association (IDA); International Development Bank (IDB); International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD); International Finance Corporation (IFC); International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRCS); International Labor Organization (ILO); International Maritime Organization (IMO); Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC); International Organization for Standardization (ISO); International Telecommunication Union (ITU); Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC); United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD); United Nations Education, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO); Universal Postal Union (UPU); World Customs Organization (WCO); World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU); World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO); World Meteorological Organization (WMO); World Trade Organization (WTO) observer.

===Relations with the United States===
The focus of United States policy in Iraq remains on helping the Iraqi people build a constitutional, representative government that respects the rights of all Iraqis and has security forces capable of maintaining order and preventing the country from becoming a safe haven for terrorists and foreign fighters. The ultimate goal is an Iraq that is peaceful, united, stable, democratic, and secure, with institutions capable of providing just governance and security for all Iraqis and is an ally in the war against terrorism. U.S. forces remain in Iraq as part of the Multi-National Force-Iraq to assist the Government of Iraq in training its security forces, as well as to work in partnership with the Government of Iraq to combat forces that seek to derail Iraq's progression toward full democracy. The U.S. Government is carrying out a multibillion-dollar program to assist in the reconstruction of Iraq.

==Defense==
The Iran-Iraq War ended with Iraq sustaining the largest military structure in the Middle East, with more than 70 divisions in its army and an air force of over 700 modern aircraft. Losses during the 1990 invasion of Kuwait and subsequent expulsion of Iraqi forces from Kuwait in 1991 by a UN coalition resulted in the reduction of Iraq's ground forces to 23 divisions and air force to less than 300 aircraft.

When major combat operations ended in April 2003, the Iraqi Army disintegrated, and its installations were destroyed by pilfering and looting. The Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA) officially dissolved the Iraqi military and Ministry of Defense on May 23, 2003. On August 7, 2003, the CPA established the New Iraqi Army as the first step toward the creation of the national self-defense force of post-Saddam Hussein Iraq. Support for the manning, training, and equipping of Iraq's security forces is led by the Multi-National Security Transition Command-Iraq (MNSTC-I). In addition to defense forces, the Ministry of Interior, with the help of the MNSTC-I, is training and equipping civilian police forces to establish security and stability, primarily through combating the nationwide insurgency. Initially under the command and control of the Multi-National Forces-Iraq (MNF-I) command, in 2006 police and Iraqi Army units began to transition to Iraqi civilian control.

==Economy==
[[Image:Iraq oil 2003.jpg|right|200px|thumb|Location of principle oil fields]]
Historically, Iraq's economy was characterized by a heavy dependence on oil exports and an emphasis on development through central planning. Prior to the outbreak of the war with Iran in September 1980, Iraq's economic prospects were bright. Oil production had reached a level of 3.5 million barrels per day, and oil revenues were $21 billion in 1979 and $27 billion in 1980. At the outbreak of the war, Iraq had amassed an estimated $35 billion in foreign exchange reserves.
*GDP (2006 est.): $50.93 billion (official exchange rate).
*GDP per capita (2006 est.): $1,771.
*GDP real growth rate (2006 est.): 3.0%.
*Rate of inflation (2006): 64.8%
*Unemployment rate (2005 estimate): 27%.
*Budget (FY 2007): Revenues--$33.4 billion (est.); expenditures--$41 billion (est.)
*Public debt (2006 est.): $72.9 billion.
*Natural resources: [[Oil]], [[natural gas]], [[phosphate]]s, [[sulfur]].
*Agriculture: Products—wheat, barley, rice, vegetables, cotton, dates, cattle, sheep.
*Industry: Types—petroleum, chemicals, textiles, construction materials, food processing.
*Trade: Exports (2006 est.)--$29.34 billion. Export commodities (2006 est.)--crude oil (97%), other exports (3%). Export partners (2005)--U.S. 49.7%, Jordan 20%, Canada 13%, Italy 10.4%. Imports (2006 est.)--$22.96 billion. Import commodities—food, medicine, manufactured goods, refined petroleum products. Import partners (2005)--Turkey 23.4%, Syria 23.1%, U.S. 11.7%, Jordan 6.3%.

The Iran-Iraq war depleted Iraq's foreign exchange reserves, devastated its economy, and left the country saddled with a foreign debt of more than $40 billion. After hostilities ceased, oil exports gradually increased with the construction of new pipelines and the restoration of damaged facilities. Iraq's invasion of Kuwait in August 1990, subsequent international sanctions, damage from military action by an international coalition beginning in January 1991, and neglect of infrastructure drastically reduced economic activity. Government policies of diverting income to key supporters of the regime while sustaining a large military and internal security force further impaired finances, leaving the average Iraqi citizen facing desperate hardships.

Implementation of a UN Oil-For-Food (OFF) program in December 1996 improved conditions for the average Iraqi citizen. In December 1999, Iraq was authorized to export unlimited quantities of oil through OFF to finance essential civilian needs including, among other things, food, medicine, and infrastructure repair parts. The drop in GDP in 2001-02 was largely the result of the global economic slowdown and lower oil prices. Per capita food imports increased significantly, while medical supplies and health care services steadily improved. The occupation of the U.S.-led coalition in March–April 2003 resulted in the shutdown of much of the central economic administrative structure. The rebuilding of oil infrastructure, utilities infrastructure, and other production capacities has proceeded steadily since 2004 despite attacks on key economic facilities and continuing internal security incidents. Despite uncertainty, Iraq is making progress toward establishing the laws and institutions needed to make and implement economic policy.

Iraq's economy is dominated by the oil sector, which has traditionally provided about 95% of foreign exchange earnings. Current estimates show that oil production averages 2.0 million bbl/day,

One key issue that currently confronts economic policymakers in Iraq is inflation. The year-on-year inflation rate for 2006 was 64.8%, a significant increase over the 2005 rate of 31.6% and well above the IMF target rate of 30% annual inflation. In an effort to infuse some stability in prices in Iraq, the Central Bank of Iraq (CBI) began to appreciate the Iraqi Dinar (ID) relative to the U.S. Dollar (USD) in November 2006. As of June 7, the CBI had appreciated the ID by 17%. It has also accelerated interest rate increases; the deposit rate is currently 20%. Inflation in Iraq, however, is only partly a monetary problem, and is more strongly related to real sector effects, particularly bottlenecks resulting from the security situation.

The Iraqi Government is seeking to pass and implement laws to strengthen the economy, including a hydrocarbon law to encourage development of this sector, a revenue sharing law to equitably divide oil revenues within the nation in line with the Iraqi constitution, and writing regulations to implement a new foreign investment law. Controlling inflation, reducing corruption, and implementing structural reforms such as bank restructuring and private sector development will be key to Iraq's economic growth.

Foreign assistance has been an integral component of Iraq's reconstruction efforts over the past three years. At a Donors Conference in Madrid in October 2003, more than $33 billion was pledged to assist in the reconstruction of Iraq. Out of that conference, the United Nations (UN) and the World Bank launched the International Reconstruction Fund Facility for Iraq (IRFFI) to administer and disburse about $1.4 billion of those funds. The rest of the assistance is being disbursed bilaterally. To date $13.5 billion has been pledged in foreign aid for 2004-2007 from outside of the U.S.

The Government of Iraq has also made an agreement with the Paris Club to reduce some of its debt service obligations. This three-stage agreement will allow for the reduction of over $34 billion in Iraqi debt. Also, in December 2005, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) agreed to extend a stand-by agreement (SBA) to the Government of Iraq in the amount of SDR 475.4 million (about U.S. $685 million).

In July 2006, the Government of Iraq and the UN began work to formulate the International Compact with Iraq (ICI), a five-year framework for Iraq to achieve economic self-sufficiency within its region and the world. On May 3, 2007 in Sharm el-Sheikh the ICI was formally launched by more than 70 countries and international organizations, many represented at the ministerial level.

The Compact aims to create a mutually reinforcing dynamic of national consensus and international support. Domestically the aim is to build a national Compact around the government's political and economic program and to restore the Iraqi people's trust in the state and its ability to protect them and meet their basic needs. Internationally, the Compact establishes a framework of mutual commitments to provide financial and technical assistance and debt relief needed to support Iraq and strengthen its resolve to address critical reforms and policies.

====Agriculture====
[[Image:Iraq land use 2003.jpg|right|200px|thumb|Land use]]
Despite its abundant land and water resources, Iraq is a net food importer. Under the UN Oil-For-Food program, Iraq imported large quantities of grains, meat, poultry, and dairy products. Obstacles to agricultural development during the previous regime included labor shortages, inadequate management and maintenance, salinization, urban migration, and dislocations resulting from previous land reform and collectivization programs. A Ba'ath regime policy to destroy the "Marsh Arab" culture by draining the southern marshes and introducing irrigated farming to this region destroyed a natural food-producing area, while concentration of salts and minerals in the soil due to the draining left the land unsuitable for agriculture. Through assistance from [[USAID]] and [[USDA]], targeted efforts have begun to overcome the damage done by the Ba'ath regime in ways that will rehabilitate the agricultural sector and confront environmental degradation. These efforts include infrastructure development, private sector development, veterinary clinic restoration, increased wheat production, and training and technical assistance in developing policies on sustainable water resources management and building Iraqi natural resources management.

====Trade====
The United Nations imposed economic sanctions on Iraq after it invaded Kuwait in 1990. Under the Oil-For-Food program Iraq was allowed to export oil and use the proceeds to purchase goods to address essential civilian needs, including food, medicine, and infrastructure spare parts. With the lifting of UN sanctions after the Ba'ath regime was removed in 2003, Iraq is gradually resuming trade relations with the international community, including with the U.S. The U.S. designated Iraq as a beneficiary developing country under the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) program in September 2004. Iraq was granted observer status at the World Trade Organization (WTO) in February 2004, and began its WTO accession process in December 2004. On May 25, 2007, Iraq participated in its first Working Party meeting in Geneva. The meeting, in which Trade Minister al-Sudani participated, was characterized as a successful start to the WTO accession process, one that is crucial to Iraq's integration into the international economy. Dependent upon Iraqi progress on relevant issues, the next Working Party meeting could take place as early as spring 2008.

==Christianity==
Iraq has a had a long history of Christianity in its nation dating back before the conquest of Islam in the 7th century. The Chaldean Christians have come under increasing persecution since the recent [[Iraq War]] as the insurgency after the war has targeted Christian churches and communities on more than one occasion. Many Christians have been forced to flee the country. Approximately three-quarters of a million remain. The United States will not recognize them as political refugees since they consider the country to have been 'liberated'. Many of these Christians have fled to Syria, where Christians account for more than 10% of the population.

The U.S. government set up a proposal that 12 of Iraq's 440 government seats be set aside for Christians. The Iraqi government decided to half this to 6, far underrepresenting the percentage of the Christian community by population.<ref>The San Diego Union-Tribune Newspaper, Nov. 9th, 2008</ref> While it is possible for Christians to win seats on their own, Iraq's strongly sectarian voting based upon religion makes this a virtual impossibility.

==History==
Once known as Mesopotamia, Iraq was the site of flourishing ancient civilizations, including the Sumerian, Babylonian, and Parthian cultures.

====Sumer====
The first of these was the Sumerian civilization that arose in southern Mesopotamia around 4,500 BC. The Sumerians grew barley, chickpeas, lentils, millet, wheat, turnips, dates, onions, garlic, lettuce, leeks and mustard and raised cattle, sheep, goats, and pigs. The fertility of the flood plains they farmed and their extensive use of irrigation created surplus food which supported the populations of their cities and a system of government - which stored and distributed food and created the first system of laws. In order to administer this the Sumerians developed the earliest known form of writing - cuneiform - much of which survives as they wrote on clay tablets which were dried in the sun and many of which have survived. The Sumerians worshiped many gods. They also built large mud brick pyramids known as ziggurats as funerary monuments to commemorate the dead.

====Babylon====
In 2371 BC King Sargon of Akkad established the Assyrian dynasty which conquered the region covered by the modern countries of Iraq, Iran, Turkey, Syria and Israel. The Assyrian Empire collapsed with the fall of its capital Nineveh (the modern Iraqi town of Mosul)in 612 BC and was replaced by the Babylonian Empire - Babylon was one of the greatest cities of the ancient world and home to the legendary [[Hanging Gardens of Babylon]] built by King Nebuchadnezzar the second. Mesopotamian dominance of the region ended when the Persian king Cyrus the Great invaded in 539 BC. It remained part of the Persian Empire until Alexander the Great's conquest in 331 BC. It was ruled by the Hellenic descendants of Alexander's army - the Seleucids - until the Persians regained control, in around 150 BC, and made Mesopotamia part of the Parthian Empire - the only civilization to halt Roman expansionism.

====Rise of Islam====
In the 7th Century AD Mesopotamia was incorporated into the vast Muslim Arab empire that covered most of the middle east, north Africa and Spain. In the 8th century the capital of this empire was moved to Baghdad which at a time when Europe was in the Dark Ages became the greatest center for science and art since the time of the ancient Greeks. It was here that Astronomy and Algebra (both Arab words) were studied and advanced, and many familiar stories were first told, like those of Sinbad the Sailor, Ali Baba and the forty thieves, and the thousand and one Arabian nights. By the twelfth century this great empire was in serious decline due to the Crusades, breakaway Muslim states in north Africa, the Mongols in the east and from its own rebellious mercenary soldiers - the Mamalukes and the Turks. Following the assassination of the last Caliph of Baghdad by the Mongols in 1258 there were nearly four centuries of conquest and chaos as Mesopotamia was invaded by Seleucids, Turks, Ottomans, Mongols (under Genghis Khan), Turkoman, Tartars and Kurds.

In the 16th Century Mesopotamia, literally "middle of two rivers" in [[Greek]], became part of the [[Ottoman Empire]].

====20th century====
[[Image:Basra Iraq.jpg|right|thumb|Basra, Iraq]]
In the early 20th Century Arab nationalists including Iraqis began rebelling against their Turkish rulers. With the outbreak of the [[First World War]] they fought alongside the Allies against the Turks in the hope of gaining their independence. France and Britain would control the Arab lands and Iraq came under the British mandate. When Iraqi tribesmen rebelled against British rule, the rebellion was put down using aerial bombardment - the first time air power had been used in such a way. In 1932 Iraq was granted independence although Britain still exercised considerable control over the country and had retained Kuwait for its oil.

In the years following the [[Second World War]] Iraq was allied to Britain, the United States and Turkey, and Britain continued to exert considerable influence over the country. In 1958 an "anti-imperialists" military coup overthrew and executed the British-installed royal family. The coup leader Abd al-Quassim banned all political parties and declared that Kuwait was part of Iraq. The [[Arab League]] then asked Britain to send troops to Kuwait to prevent an Iraqi invasion of one of its member states. The troop deployment prevented a war but al-Quassim responded by allying Iraq with the Soviet Union and communist China. Quassim used money taken from the western owned Iraq Petroleum Company to carry out economic reforms in Iraq. Western governments were becoming concerned Iraq could become the "new Cuba" and in 1963 they supported a pro-western coup that overthrew Quassim. Between 1963 and 1968 there was a period of political instability with several failed governments and attempted coups.

In 1968 the [[Ba'athist|Ba'ath Party]] seized power in a coup lead by General Bakr. The Ba'ath Party believes in the creation of a single, socialist pan-Arab state that would replace all existing Arab countries. During the cold war it was strongly aligned with the [[Soviet Union]]. In 1970 all foreign businesses including the Iraq Petroleum Company were seized and Iraq declared oil would be used as "a political weapon in the struggle against imperialism and Zionism". In 1979 Saddam Hussein replaced Bakr as president of Iraq. Saddam was a particularly brutal ruthless man, he attempted to assassinate Qassim in 1959, played a major role in 1968 coup and under Bakr he had led the much feared Ba'athist secret police. One of his first acts as President was to call a Ba'ath Party assembly where he declared his main political rivals to be traitors and spies; they were led from the assembly one by one to be tried and executed.

*Today, many television commercials and billboards in Baghdad make reference to Iraq's ancient heritage. But modern Iraqi culture is also marked by [[tribalism]] and violence. [http://www.meforum.org/article/1707]

====Absolute rule of Saddam====
Saddam's next major initiative as President of Iraq was to invade [[Iran]] in September 1980, coinciding with the [[Iranian hostage crisis]]. At first, he experienced a high degree of success, overrunning most of [[Khorramsharr]] province, Iran's only [[Arab]]-majority province. His stated war aim was to seize exclusive control of the [[Shatt al-Arab]] waterway
for Iraq.

The war ultimately ground on for eight years, killing over a million people total on both sides. During this time Iraq was taken off the [[United States list of state sponsors of terrorism]], relations with the West were normalized, and various Western countries including the [[United States]] entered into various lucrative deals with Iraq. In the case of the United States this principally consisted of agricultural credits, but other countries liberally supplied Iraq with whatever Saddam believed it needed. The war machine's principal need was cash, and even Iraq's significant oil revenues did not bring in enough, so Saddam borrowed scores of billions of dollars from other Arab countries.

Iran sued for peace following the failure of a [[Kurdish]] rebellion in northern Iraq in the winter of 1988 which Saddam ruthlessly suppressed in the [[Anfal campaign]], turning the chemical weapons he had long used against Iran on his own citizens. Throughout the period of absolute rule a few hundred people every year were executed, frequently by [[torture]], but this was the crescendo of repression as Saddam seemed to be endeavoring to wipe out the Kurds of Iraq. The memory of this repression gave rise to a phrase frequently repeated in the United States following the failure to find weapons of mass destruction in Iraq when that country was overrun in 2003: "Saddam was a weapon of mass destruction."

Iraq enjoyed technical peace (justice being utterly absent) for only two years, after which Saddam invaded [[Kuwait]], the smallest of Iraq's six neighbors, which was unable to offer significant resistance. There were a mixed bag of motivations, but probably the primary one was the debt Saddam had incurred from other Arab nations of the [[Persian Gulf]] during the war. The debt was so overwhelming that it made the invasion almost rational; Saddam hoped to be able to frighten his local creditors into writing off his debts and pay down his debts to more distant creditors with Kuwait's oil revenues, which have always been somewhat higher than those of Iraq, although it is a much smaller country. Accordingly, Saddam announced that Kuwait would become permanently a province of Iraq.

The United States and particularly the [[United Kingdom]], whose policy it had always been to protect Kuwait from Iraq, took an exceedingly dim view of these events. British [[Prime Minister]] [[Margaret Thatcher]] persuaded U. S. [[President]] [[George H. W. Bush]] that Saddam's action, despite his previously close relationship with the West, was a violation of the [[Carter Doctrine]], which stated more or less that the U. S. would not allow ownership of Persian Gulf oil fields to be changed by force. The two countries obtained several resolutions from the [[United Nations Security Council]] to the effect that Iraq would have to withdraw and began with their allies, both [[European]], Arab, and across the broader world, a military build-up in preparation to liberate Kuwait. A worldwide economic [[blockade]] was imposed on Iraq in the hopes that this would persuade it to withdraw without bloodshed. The only goods Iraq could legally buy were food and medicine.

The sanctions failing to bring about the desired end, the U. S.-led coalition was obliged to begin [[Operation Desert Storm]] on January 17 local time. After almost six weeks of continuous bombing, most Iraqi troops in the Kuwait theatre of operations had deserted. The only offensive they launched managed to take the [[Saudi Arabian]] town of Khafji, but Saddam's attempt to send reinforcements resulted in the destruction of several Iraqi divisions, demonstrating that [[air supremacy]] forced a conventional army to remain essentially immobile and unable to concentrate forces to repel attacks. On February 25, a ground offensive was launched resulting in the destruction of numerous additional divisions and the flight of others back to [[Basra]], the second-largest and southernmost city in Iraq.

The coalition in the Gulf War did not have the authorization to force a [[regime change]] in Baghdad in 1992, neither was it ever a stated objective of the coalition.

Not only the [[Republican Guard]], considered Saddam's most loyal and elite troops, but also the regular army's officer corps, however, was made up principally of [[Sunnis]], who perceived the ensuing simultaneous rebellions by Kurds in the north and [[Shiites]] in the south of Iraq as an existential threat rather than as something which, in a more ethnically homogeneous country, they could have joined. The army therefore remained loyal to Saddam and crushed the Shiite rebellion. The U. S., United Kingdom and France intervened in the north through [[Operation Provide Comfort]], which ended Iraqi control of the three Kurdish majority provinces until 1996, when Saddam was able to exploit a split between the two largest Kurdish [[militias]]. They also established no-fly zones in both the north and the south, not only reserving the right but considering it a duty to shoot down any fixed-wing Iraqi aircraft which might fly over those parts of Iraq.

In the following years the use of force against Iraq was only sporadic and limited mostly to [[cruise missile]] attacks until [[Operation Desert Fox]] in December 1998, undertaken in retaliation for the ejection of the [[United Nations Special Commission]] sent to dismantle any Iraqi [[weapons of mass destruction]]. At the time, UNSCOM, as it was known, was credited with destroying more knwon stockpiles than had been destroyed during the war. Saddam's son-in-law [[Hussein Ali Kamel]] defected to [[Jordan]] in 1995 and claimed that Iraq still possessed substantial stocks of [[nerve gas]] and possibly [[biological weapons]]. The following year, without explanation, Kamel returned to Iraq, where he was killed.

It cannot be said for certain what Saddam possessed in 1995, but the stocks Kamel claimed existed were not found either by UNSCOM or by U. S. forces following the 2003 invasion. Little is known of ongoing programs to disseminate WMD manufacturing knowhow, or to whom the knowledge may have been disseminated to. The Iraqis behaved as though they had something to hide, resisting unannounced weapons inspections with all means short of armed force, denying UNSCOM the right to inspect Saddam's various Presidential palaces (mostly built after the war while the sanctions were impoverishing his people), and finally throwing UNSCOM out. If Hussein Kamel were a [[plant]] all along, it would be consistent with Saddam's policy of creating the belief in his opponents that he did possess WMD, as a means of deterring them from attacking. The Duelfer Report, based upon interrogations of high Ba'athist officials, states Saddam believed WMD had saved the regime in the Iran-Iraq War, and the threat of WMD saved him again during the Gulf War. However Saddam's chief aim was to get UN sanctions lifted, after which the WMD program would be restarted in full capacity, and generated by the new revenues and trade lifting the sanctions would bring.

By 1996, the unrelieved economic blockade of Iraq was severely affecting its ability to purchase food and medicine on the world market, as it like most Arab countries had little besides oil to export. Various claims were made to the effect that Iraq's infant mortality was now the highest in the Arab world or even that hundreds of thousands of people had starved to death. For the purpose of purchasing food and medicine, the United Nations agreed to permit Iraq to resume oil exports in what became known as the oil-for-food (OFF) program (see below). The Iraq economy finally recovered from the Gulf War with the OFF. This is now generally considered a major error by [[conservatives]] which will not be repeated should the current sanctions against [[Iran]] be toughened to what they were against Iraq.

Operation Desert Fox was preceded by the [[Iraq Liberation Act]] of 1998, which passed [[Congress]] with a veto-proof margin just as the [[impeachment]] inquiry against President [[Bill Clinton]] was shifting into high gear. The act could be considered a repudiation of Clinton's policy or lack of a policy toward Iraq up to that point. This made it U. S. policy to remove Saddam Hussein from power, which could be considered a [[declaration of war]]. However, not until March 2003 did Clinton's successor [[George W. Bush]] actually order Saddam and his brutal sons [[Uday and Qusay Hussein]] to step down and flee Iraq on pain of invasion. When Saddam refused, [[Operation Iraqi Freedom]] commenced on March 19, 2003; U. S. troops reached Baghdad three weeks later.

====Oil for Food Scandal====
In 2003 Ba'athist party dictator Saddam Hussein, accused of hiding weapons of mass destruction, was removed from power by a US-led coalition of forces. Saddam had effectively stopped previous attempts at enforcement of UN resolutions by essentially bribing <ref>[http://www.globalpolicy.org/security/sanction/iraq1/oilforfood/2004/0125almadalist.htm The Saddam Oil Bribes: The Complete al-Mada List], ''al-Mada'', January 25, 2004.</ref> several Security Council members, namely the Russian Federation and France <ref>Duelfer Report, [http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/pdf/duelfer1_da.pdf Regime Finance and Procurement], Vol. 1, p. 55-56.</ref> through the corrupt [[Oil for food]] (OFF) program managed by UN General Secretary [[Kofi Annan]]'s son.<ref>[https://www.cnn.com/2004/WORLD/meast/11/29/oil.for.food.kojo.annan/index.html Annan 'disappointed' son didn't tell all], CNN, November 30, 2004.</ref>

The Duelfer Report found,
:Iraq pursued its related goals of ending UN sanctions and the UN OFF program by enlisting the help of three permanent UNSC members: Russia, France and China. ... Iraq’s economic “carrots” included offering companies from those countries lucrative oil, reconstruction, agricultural and commercial goods, and weapon systems contracts. ...Saddam’s Regime needed both Moscow’s political clout in the UN and its economic expertise and resources to sustain his Regime from the 1990s until [Operation Iraqi Freedom] (OIF) ... Iraq promised to economically reward Russia’s support by placing it at the head of the list for receiving UN contracts under the UN OFF program....throughout the 1990s, the [Peoples Republic of China] consistently advocated lifting Iraqi sanctions while privately advising Baghdad to strengthen cooperation with the UN.

:In early July 2001, the US and the UK withdrew their joint-proposal to revamp the UN existing sanctions Regime, called “Smart Sanctions,” because of Russian, Chinese, and French opposition. The US/UK proposal attempted to restructure two key elements of the existing sanctions Regime: illicit procurement of weapons and dual-use goods and illicit generation of revenue from Iraqi oil sales outside the UN’s OFF program. In contrast, the Russian draft resolution proposed to reduce the current percentage to the Compensation fund another 5 percent to 20 percent of total value of Iraqi oil exports – and increase the total amount in Iraq’s escrow account to $600 million to pay other expenses ... The UN estimated that each 5 percent reduction in payments to the United Nations Compensation Commission (UNCC) added about $275 million in Iraq’s coffers per each UN OFF six month phase.

:French oil companies wanted to secure two large oil contracts; Russian companies not only wanted to secure (or lock in) oil contracts, but also sought other commercial contracts covering agricultural, electricity, machinery, food, and automobiles and trucks products...France competed with Russian agricultural products for Iraqi contracts....In May 2002, a representative from a French water purification company requested projects for his company in Iraq.

After two years in interrogation, Saddam was hanged by the new Iraqi regime. Iraq is currently plagued by insurgents who are against the new Iraqi government's alliance with the United States, and have reacted violently to Iraq's new government. Their efforts have destabilized the country enough that some consider Iraq to be headed towards civil war.

====The Iraq War ====
[[File:The End Of The Combat Mission in Iraq.jpg|thumb|300px|Meeting on Iraq in the Situation Room of the White House, Jan. 21, 2009 (Official White House Photo by Pete Souza)]]
:''Main article : [[Operation Iraqi Freedom]]''
After the US government decided that Iraq was in defiance of Security Council directives on weapons of mass destruction, President Bush decided to invade and occupy the nation. A US/UK coalition invaded (mostly from the southeast), and a brief shooting war ensued. Iraqi forces gave up fighting (without surrendering) shortly after US forces entered Baghdad (see [[Iraq War]]).

The Democratic Leadership in Congress wanted to withdraw U.S. troops from Iraq, [http://www.washtimes.com/national/20070523-115137-6054r.htm] however Congress voted overwhelmingly to reject the idea in May 2007, 280 -142 in the House and 80–14 in the Senate.<ref>[http://washingtontimes.com/national/20070525-122215-4854r.htm Congress OKs war bill sans timeline,] By S.A. Miller, ''The Washington Times'', May 25, 2007.</ref> U.S. support for the infant Iraqi democracy continues.

On May 10, 2007, 144 Iraqi Parliamentary lawmakers signed onto a legislative petition calling on the United States to set a timetable for withdrawal.<ref>[https://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,271210,00.html Iraq Bill Demands U.S. Troop Withdraw] Associated Press, Fox News, May 10, 2007</ref> On June 3, 2007, the Iraqi Parliament voted 85 to 59 to require the Iraqi government to consult with Parliament before requesting additional extensions of the UN Security Council Mandate for Coalition operations in Iraq.<ref>[https://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1180960615762&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull Iraqi parliament wants say in extension of US-led forces] Associated Press, The Jerusalem Post, June 5, 2007</ref> The current UN mandate expires in December 2007.<ref>[https://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2006/sc8879.doc.htm United Nations Security Council Resolution 1723 (2006)]</ref>

According to the failed state index, which is based on economic, social, and political indicators, Iraq is the second least stable nation for 2007 (out of 177 nations rated). Only [[Sudan]] scored lower.<ref>[http://www.fundforpeace.org/web/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=229&Itemid=366 Failed State Index]</ref>

In September, 2007, the [[Government Accountability Office]] announced that the Iraqi government had failed to meet 11 out of 18 non-binding benchmarks set by the United States congress in May. They partially met four benchmarks, and completely met three. Top U.S. officials, including Bush, said they are disappointed by the Iraqi government's slow rate of progress.<ref>[https://www.cnn.com/2007/POLITICS/09/04/gao.iraq/index.html?iref=topnews Report Finds Little Progress in Iraq]</ref>
=====The Surge: 2007-2008=====
:''Main article: [[Iraq insurgency 2004-2008]]
[[File:Civil engineer.jpg|thumb|Construction of a water treatment plant.]]
In late 2006 President Bush removed Defense Secretary [[Donald Rumsfeld]] and tried the warfighting strategy proposed by General [[David Petraeus]], who was given additional forces. Petraeus sent in 30,000 additional combat troops under Lt. Gen. Ray Odierno, who contained the insurgency and cleared the enemy out of the belts surrounding Baghdad. Sunni leaders and tribal chiefs, fed up with al Qaeda atrocities, set up militias in tactical alliance with coalition and Iraqi government forces, The long ceasefire of Moqtada al Sadr's Shia extremists helped to reduce sectarian tension. Within a few months, Baghdad had been transformed: attacks were down by 60%, civilian deaths had dropped 70% and sectarian attacks of one sort and other had fallen by a staggering 90%. The succwess of "The Surge" strategy made possible the achievement of Bush's timetable for the withdrawal of American troops from Iraq's major cities in summer 2009.<ref>Kimberly Kagan, ''The Surge: A Military History'' (2009)</ref>

====Islamist Terrorism====
In 2014 Islamist terror organization [[Islamic State]] took control over many cities like [[Fallujah]] or [[Mosul]].<ref>http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/battle-to-establish-islamic-state-across-iraq-and-syria-9510044.html</ref> After that [[Barack Hussein Obama]] announced to attack Iraq<ref>https://www.forbes.com/sites/dougbandow/2014/08/09/barack-obama-is-fourth-president-to-put-americans-at-risk-in-iraq-u-s-should-stay-out-and-leave-the-fight-to-others/</ref> and sent weapons to [[Kurd]]ish [[Peshmerga]] fighters.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/aug/11/us-arm-peshmerga-iraq-kurdistan-isis</ref> As a result of this crisis Prime Minister [[Nouri al-Maliki]] resigned.

== See also ==
*[[Arab American]]

==Further reading==
* Dawisha, Adeed. ''Iraq: A Political History from Independence to Occupation'' (2009), good scholarly history 1920–2009.<ref>Iraq: A Political History from Independence to Occupation (Hardcover excerpt and text search)</ref>

==External links==
*[http://www.newmediajournal.us/guest/jon/03242007.htm Christian Evangelism in Iraq], Marie Jon, ''New Media Journal'', March 24, 2007.
*[http://www.asianews.it/index.php?l=en&art=9478&size=A An “Assyrian ghetto” in the Plains of Niniveh to save Iraq’s Christians], ''AsiaNews.it'', 06/06/2007.
*[http://www.aina.org/news/20070608105121.htm Christian Ethnic Cleansing in Iraq], Translated from Swedish by EasternStar News Agency, 6-8-2007.
*[http://frontpagemag.com/2013/alan-w-dowd/iraq-ten-years-later/ Iraq, Ten Years Later]
*[http://www.intifada-palestine.com/2011/11/the-snake-behind-the-arab-spring/ The Snake Behind the Arab Spring.]

==References==
<references/>

{{Copyright Details (US Government)}}

Source = [http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/6804.htm]

{{Asian Countries}}

[[Category:Middle Eastern Countries]]
[[Category:Iraq War]]
[[Category:Terrorism]]
[[Category:Iraq]]
[[Category:Muslim-Majority Countries]]