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Adolf Hitler

2012-08-29T17:29:34Z

Idontunderstandwhy:

{{pp-template}}{{Infobox person|
|name = Adolf Hitler
|image = [[Image:Adolf Hitler (main).png|200px|]]
|caption =
|born =20 April 1889 [[Braunau am Inn]], [[Austria–Hungary]]
|died = 30 April 1945 (aged 56) [[Berlin]], [[Germany]]
|nationality = [[German]]
|occupation =politician, soldier, artist, writer
|knownfor =Father of [[National Socialism]]
|title =[[Führer]]
|term =2 August 1934 – 30 April 1945
|predecessor = [[Paul von Hindenburg]] (as President)
|successor = [[Karl Dönitz]] (as President)
|title2 =[[Chancellor of Germany]]
|term2 =30 January 1933 – 30 April 1945
|predecessor2 = [[Kurt von Schleicher]]
|successor2 = [[Joseph Goebbels]]
|party = [[German Workers' Party]] (1920–1921) [[National Socialist German Workers' Party|NSDAP]] (1921–1945)
|spouse =[[Eva Braun]]
}}
'''Adolf Hitler''' (20 April 1889, [[Braunau am Inn]], [[Austria-Hungary]] – 30 April 1945, [[Berlin, Germany]]) was a German [[artist]], [[statesman]], theoretician, [[politician]], [[soldier]] and [[writer]]. He became [[Chancellor of Germany]] in 1933, and [[Führer]] from 1934 to 1945. He led the [[National Socialist German Workers Party]] and created the [[Greater German Empire]]. About his lineage see [[Lineage of Adolf Hitler‎]].

He gained power during Germany's period of crisis after [[World War I]]. Supported by [[Fritz Thyssen|industrialists]] and [[conservative]] segments of German society, Hitler combined his in-depth political and philosophical insights with his charismatic oratory skills to emphasize the dangers the nation faced from [[International Jewry]] and [[Communism]]. After restructuring the economy and rearming the military, he was given [[Enabling Act of 1933|emergency powers]] to lead the nation. He pursued a [[foreign policy]] to protect Germans, who lived outside Germany, especially in [[Poland]], and as the negotiations with [[Poland]] remained fruitless in the case of [[Danzig]], and Polish military continued the border incidents and atrocities against [[German]]s in [[Poland]], moved his forces into [[Poland]] to protect [[ethnic Germans]]. The invasion was used as a pretext by countries allied with Poland–principally [[France]] and [[Great Britain]]–to declare war on [[Germany]], thus starting World War II. These countries stated, they wanted to guarantee Poland's territory, but strangely, when after several weeks the Soviet Union invaded Poland, they immediately "forgot" their promise (namely to protect [[Poland]]'s territory) and did not declare war to the [[Soviet Union]].

For a brief period Europe was united under Hitler and the Soviet Union was held in check. However in the end, Hitler’s Germany was defeated by forces outside of Europe: namely the military might of the United States and Asiatic nationalities within the Soviet Union. In the final days of the war (when the city was overrun by the Red Army of the [[Soviet Union]]), Hitler and his new wife, [[Eva Braun]], committed suicide in his [[Führerbunker|underground bunker]] in Berlin, as
the war was lost and Hitler had before the start of the second world war connected his personal fate with the outcome this war<ref>The fact that Hitler had before the start of the second world war connected his personal fate with the outcome this war is for example clear from [[Adolf Hitler's speech to the German Reichstag - September 1, 1939|his speech on September 1, 1939]] in which war was declared on Poland. Hitler said in that speech: "Therefore I have put on that tunic which has always been the most holy and dear to me. I shall not take it off again until after victory is ours, or-I shall not live to see the day!"</ref>.

Adolf Hitler remains one of the preeminent individuals of history.

== Childhood and Early Years ==

[[Image:Hitler as a boy.png|thumb|left|140px|Hitler at the age of about 8-9 years ]]
[[Image:Baby-hitler.jpg|thumb|160px|Hitler as a little child]]
Adolf Hitler was born in [[Braunau am Inn]], [[Austria]], the fourth child of six. His father, [[Alois Hitler]], (1837–1903), was a customs official. His mother, [[Klara Pölzl]], (1860–1907), was Alois' third wife. Of Alois and Klara's six children, only Adolf and his sister [[Paula Hitler|Paula]] reached adulthood. Hitler's father also had a son, Alois Jr, and a daughter, Angela, by his second wife.

The name "Adolf" comes from Old High German for "noble wolf", hence, one of Hitler's self-given nicknames was Wolf or Herr Wolf — he began using this nickname in the early 1920s and was addressed by it only by intimates (as "Uncle Wolf" by the Wagners) up until the fall of the [[Third Reich]]. The names of his various headquarters scattered throughout continental Europe (Wolfsschanze in East Prussia, Wolfsschlucht in France, Werwolf in Ukraine, etc.) reflect this. By his closest family and relatives, Hitler was known as "Adi".

Hitler's family moved often, from [[Braunau am Inn]] to [[Passau]], [[Lambach]], [[Leonding]], and [[Linz]]. The young Hitler was a good student in elementary school. But in the sixth grade, his first year of high school in Linz, he failed and had to repeat the grade. Hitler claimed his educational slump was a rebellion against his father, who wanted the boy to follow him in a career as a customs official; Hitler wanted to become a painter instead. This explanation is further supported by Hitler's later description of himself as a misunderstood artist. However, after Alois died on [[January 3]], [[1903]], Hitler's schoolwork did not improve. At age 16, Hitler dropped out of high school without a diploma.

== Early Adulthood ==
[[File:Paisaje alpino.jpg|thumb|right|Alpin landscape, painted by Adolf Hitler]]
From 1905 on, Hitler lived a bohemian life in [[Vienna]] on an orphan's pension and support from his mother. He was rejected twice by the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna (1907 – 1908), citing "unfitness for painting," and was told his abilities lay instead in the field of architecture. His memoirs reflect a fascination with the subject:

''"The purpose of my trip was to study the picture gallery in the Court Museum, but I had eyes for scarcely anything but the Museum itself. From morning until late at night, I ran from one object of interest to another, but it was always the buildings which held my primary interest."''

Following the school rector's recommendation, he too became convinced this was the path to pursue, yet he lacked the proper academic preparation for architecture school:

''"In a few days I myself knew that I should some day become an architect. To be sure, it was an incredibly hard road; for the studies I had neglected out of spite at the Realschule were sorely needed. One could not attend the Academy's architectural school without having attended the building school at the Technic, and the latter required a high-school degree. I had none of all this. The fulfillment of my artistic dream seemed physically impossible.''"(Mein Kampf, Chapter II, paragraph 5 & 6).''

On [[December 21]], [[1907]], Hitler's mother died of breast cancer at age 47. Ordered by a court in [[Linz]], Hitler gave his share of the orphans' benefits to his sister Paula. When he was 21, he inherited money from an aunt. He struggled as a painter in [[Vienna]], copying scenes from postcards and selling his paintings to merchants and tourists.

After the second refusal from the Academy of Arts, Hitler ran out of money. In 1909, he sought refuge in a homeless shelter. By 1910, he had settled into a house for poor working men.

[[File:KlaraHitler1.jpg|thumb|right|Hitler's mother, Klara Hitler]]
Hitler says he first became an anti-Semite in [[Vienna]], which had a large Jewish community, including [[Orthodox Jews]] who had fled from [[pogroms]] in [[Russia]]. However, according to a childhood friend, [[August Kubizek]], Hitler was a "confirmed anti-Semite" before he left Linz, Austria. Vienna at that time was a hotbed of traditional religious prejudice and 19th century racism. Hitler may have been influenced by the writings of the ideologist and anti-Semite [[Lanz von Liebenfels]] and polemics from politicians such as [[Karl Lueger]], founder of the [[Christian Social Party]] and mayor of Vienna, the composer [[Richard Wagner]], and [[Georg Ritter von Schönerer]], leader of the pan-Germanic ''Away from Rome!'' movement. Hitler claims in [[Mein Kampf]] that his transition from opposing anti-Semitism on religious grounds to supporting it on racial grounds came from coming in contact with Orthodox Jews.

Hitler saw the Jews as enemies of the [[Aryan]] race. He held them responsible for Austria's crisis. He also identified certain forms of [[Socialism]] and [[Bolshevism]], which had many Jewish leaders, as Jewish movements, merging his anti-Semitism with anti-Marxism. Blaming Germany's military defeat on the 1918 Revolutions, he considered Jews the culprit of Imperial Germany's downfall and subsequent economic problems as well.

Generalising from tumultuous scenes in the parliament of the multi-national Austria monarchy, he decided that the democratic parliamentary system was unworkable. However, according to August Kubizek, his one-time roommate, he was more interested in Wagner's operas than in his politics.

Hitler received the final part of his father's estate in May 1913 and moved to [[Munich]]. He wrote in [[Mein Kampf]] that he had always longed to live in a "real" German city. In Munich, he became more interested in architecture and, he says, the writings of [[Houston Stewart Chamberlain]].

When [[Germany]] entered [[World War I]] in August 1914, he petitioned [[King Ludwig III]] of [[Bavaria]] for permission to serve in a Bavarian regiment. This request was granted, and Adolf Hitler enlisted in the Bavarian army.

== Action in World War I ==
[[Image:Image-File 800px-Hitler with other German soldiers.jpg|thumb|300px|Hitler(left) During WWI]]
Hitler served in [[France]] and [[Belgium]] as a runner for the 16th Bavarian Reserve Regiment, which exposed him to enemy fire. Hitler was twice decorated for bravery, once in 1914 receiving the [[Iron Cross Second Class]] and in 1918, the [[Iron Cross First Class]]. Additionally, in 1917 he received the Wound Badge for injuries he suffered on his leg.
On [[October 15]], [[1918]], Hitler was admitted to a field hospital, temporarily blinded by a mustard gas attack.

His duties at regimental headquarters, while often dangerous, gave Hitler time to pursue his artwork. When he had the time he drew cartoons and instructional drawings for the army newspaper.

Hitler had long admired [[Germany]], and during the war he had become a passionate German patriot. He was shocked by Germany's capitulation in November 1918 even while the German army still held enemy territory. Like many other nationalists, Hitler believed Germany was "stabbed in the back" by civilian leaders and [[Marxists]] back on the home front. These politicians were later dubbed the November Criminals.

==Politics==
After [[World War I]], Hitler remained in the army and returned to [[Munich]]. In July 1919, Hitler was appointed a Verbindungsmann (police spy) of an Aufklärungskommando (Intelligence Commando) of the Reichswehr, both to influence other soldiers and to infiltrate political parties.

On September 12, 1919 he visited a meeting of the [[German Workers Party]] (DAP). At the meeting a member of the audience stood up and suggested that [[Bavaria]] should break away from [[Prussia]] and form a separate nation with [[Austria]]. Hitler sprang up from the audience to rebut the argument. [[Anton Drexler]], one of the founders of the fledgling party, was impressed with Hitler’s oratorical skills and approached him thrusting a booklet into his hand. It was entitled ''My Political Awakening'' and, according to Hitler's writing in ''[[Mein Kampf]]'', it reflected much of what he had himself decided upon. Later the same day he received a postcard telling him that he had been accepted for membership. After some internal debate, he says, he decided to join.

Here Hitler also met [[Dietrich Eckart]], one of the early founders of the party and member of the esoteric [[Thule Society]]. Eckart was a major influence on Hitler, who he later payed tribute to him in the second volume of ''Mein Kampf''.

Hitler was discharged from the army in March 1920 and began participating full time in the party's activities. About this time Hitler asked Drexler to change the name of the Party to the [[National Socialist German Workers Party]]. (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei or NSDAP)

By early 1921, Hitler was becoming highly effective at speaking in front of large crowds and was rapidly becoming the undisputed leader of the Party. In February, Hitler spoke before a crowd of nearly six thousand in Munich. To publicize the meeting, he sent out two truckloads of party supporters to drive around the city throwing out leaflets.

In the summer of that year Hitler travelled to Berlin to address a meeting of German Nationalists from northern Germany. While he was away the other members of the party committee, led by Drexler, circulated as a pamphlet an indictment of Hitler, which accused him of seeking personal power without regard to other considerations. Hitler rushed back to Munich and countered them by tendering his resignation from the party on [[July 11]], [[1921]].

When they realized the loss of Hitler would effectively mean the end of the party, he seized the moment and announced he would return on the condition that he would be given total control of the party. Infuriated committee members (including Drexler) held out at first, but eventually the committee backed down and Hitler's demands were put to a vote. Hitler received 543 votes for and only one against. At the next gathering on [[July 29]], [[1921]], Adolf Hitler was introduced as Führer (leader) of the National Socialist Party, marking the first time this title was publicly used.

Hitler's speeches began attracting adherents. Early followers included [[Rudolf Hess]], the former air force pilot [[Hermann Göring]], and the army captain [[Ernst Röhm]], who became head of the party's paramilitary organization, the SA ([[Sturmabteilung]], or "Storm Division"), which protected meetings and attacked political opponents. Hitler also assimilated independent groups, such as the Nuremberg-based Deutsche Werkgemeinschaft, led by [[Julius Streicher]], who became Gauleiter of Franconia. Hitler also attracted the attention of local business interests, was accepted into influential circles of Munich society, and became associated with wartime General Erich Ludendorff during this time.

'''Munich Putsch'''

Encouraged by this early support, Hitler decided to use Ludendorff as a front in an attempted coup later known as the [[Munich Putsch]]. The National Socialist Party had copied Italy's fascists in appearance and also had adopted some programmatical points, and in 1923, Hitler wanted to emulate Mussolini's "March on Rome" by staging his own "Campaign in Berlin". Hitler and Ludendorff obtained the clandestine support of Gustav von Kahr, Bavaria's de facto ruler, along with leading figures in the Reichswehr and the police. As political posters show, Ludendorff, Hitler and the heads of the Bavarian police and military planned on forming a new government.

On November 8, 1923, Hitler and the SA stormed a public meeting headed by Kahr in the Bürgerbräukeller, a large beer hall outside of Munich, declaring he had set up a new government with Ludendorff and demanding, at gunpoint, the support of Kahr and the local military establishment for the destruction of the Berlin government. Kahr withdrew his support and fled to join the opposition to Hitler at the first opportunity. The next day, when Hitler and his followers marched from the beer hall to the Bavarian War Ministry to overthrow the Bavarian government as a start to their "March on Berlin", the police dispersed them. Sixteen NSDAP members were killed.

Hitler fled to the home of [[Ernst Hanfstaengl]] and was soon arrested for high treason. [[Alfred Rosenberg]] became temporary leader of the party. During Hitler's trial, he was given almost unlimited time to speak, and his popularity soared as he voiced nationalistic sentiments. A Munich personality became a nationally known figure. On April 1, 1924, Hitler was sentenced to five years' imprisonment at Landsberg Prison. Hitler received favoured treatment from the guards and had much fan mail from admirers. He was pardoned and released from jail in December 1924, as part of a general amnesty for political prisoners. He served nine months of his sentence, or just over a year if time on remand is included.

== Mein Kampf ==
[[File:A002_FishingHut.jpg|thumb|right|Adolf Hitler's signature]]
While at Landsberg he dictated [[Mein Kampf]] (My Struggle, originally entitled "Four Years of Struggle against Lies, Stupidity, and Cowardice") to his deputy [[Rudolf Hess]]. The book, dedicated to [[Thule Society]] member [[Dietrich Eckart]], was an autobiography and an exposition of his ideology. It was published in two volumes in 1925 and 1926, selling about 240,000 copies between 1925 and 1934. By the end of the war, about 10 million copies had been sold or distributed (newly-weds and soldiers received free copies).

== Rebuilding the NSDAP ==

At the time of Hitler's release, the political situation in [[Germany]] had calmed and the economy had improved, which hampered Hitler's opportunities for agitation. Though the Hitler Putsch had given Hitler some national prominence, his party's mainstay was still Munich.

Since Hitler was still banned from public speeches, he appointed [[Gregor Strasser]], who in 1924 had been elected to the Reichstag, as Reichsorganisationsleiter, authorizing him to organize the party in northern Germany. Strasser, joined by his younger brother Otto and [[Joseph Goebbels]], steered an increasingly independent course, emphasizing the socialist element in the party's programme. The Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Gauleiter Nord-West became an internal opposition, threatening Hitler's authority, but this faction was defeated at the Bamberg Conference in 1926, during which Goebbels joined Hitler.

After this encounter, Hitler centralized the party even more and asserted the Führerprinzip ("Leader principle") as the basic principle of party organization. Leaders were not elected by their group but were rather appointed by their superior and were answerable to them while demanding unquestioning obedience from their inferiors. Consistent with Hitler's disdain for democracy, all power and authority devolved from the top down.

A key element of Hitler's appeal was his ability to evoke a sense of offended national pride caused by the Treaty of Versailles imposed on the defeated German Empire by the Western Allies. Germany had lost economically important territory in Europe along with its colonies and in admitting to sole responsibility for the war had agreed to pay a huge reparations bill totaling 132 billion marks. Most Germans bitterly resented these terms.

Having failed in overthrowing the Republic by a coup, Hitler pursued the "strategy of legality": this meant formally adhering to the rules of the Weimar Republic until he had legally gained power.

== Rise to Power ==

'''Brüning Administration'''

The political turning point for Hitler came when the [[Great Depression]] hit Germany in 1930. The Weimar Republic had never been firmly rooted and was openly opposed by right-wing conservatives (including monarchists), Communists and National Socialists. As the parties loyal to the democratic, parliamentary republic found themselves unable to agree on counter-measures, their Grand Coalition broke up and was replaced by a minority cabinet. The new Chancellor, Heinrich Brüning of the Roman Catholic Centre Party, lacking a majority in parliament, had to implement his measures through the president's emergency decrees. Tolerated by the majority of parties, the exception soon became the rule and paved the way for authoritarian forms of government.

The Reichstag's initial opposition to Brüning's measures led to premature elections in September 1930. The republican parties lost their majority and their ability to resume the Grand Coalition, while the National Socialists suddenly rose from relative obscurity to win 18.3% of the vote along with 107 seats in the Reichstag, becoming the second largest party in Germany.

Brüning's measure of budget consolidation and financial austerity brought little economic improvement and was extremely unpopular. Under these circumstances, Hitler appealed to the bulk of German farmers, war veterans and the middle class, who had been hard-hit by both the inflation of the 1920s and the unemployment of the Depression.

In 1932, Hitler intended to run against the aging President [[Paul von Hindenburg]] in the scheduled presidential elections. His campaign was called "Hitler über Deutschland" (Hitler over Germany). The name had a double meaning; besides an obvious reference to Hitler's dictatorial intentions, it also referred to the fact that Hitler was campaigning by aircraft. This was a brand new political tactic that allowed Hitler to speak in two cities in one day, which was practically unheard of at the time. Hitler came in second on both rounds, attaining more than 35% of the vote during the second one in April. Although he lost to Hindenburg, the election established Hitler as a realistic alternative in German politics.

'''Cabinets of Papen and Schleicher'''

Hindenburg, influenced by the Camarilla, became increasingly estranged from Brüning and pushed his Chancellor to move the government in a decidedly authoritarian and right-wing direction. This culminated, in May 1932, with the resignation of the Brüning cabinet.

Hindenburg appointed the nobleman [[Franz von Papen]] as chancellor, heading a "Cabinet of Barons". Papen was bent on authoritarian rule and, since in the [[Reichstag]] only the conservative DNVP supported his administration, he immediately called for new elections in July. In these elections, the National Socialists achieved their biggest success yet and won 230 seats.

The NSDAP had become the largest party in the [[Reichstag]] without which no stable government could be formed. Papen tried to convince Hitler to become Vice-Chancellor and enter a new government with a parliamentary basis. Hitler, however, rejected this offer and put further pressure on Papen by entertaining parallel negotiations with the Centre Party, Papen's former party, which was bent on bringing down the renegade Papen. In both negotiations, Hitler demanded that he, as leader of the strongest party, must be Chancellor, but Hindenburg refused.

After a vote of no-confidence in the Papen government, supported by 84% of the deputies, the new Reichstag was dissolved, and new elections were called in November. This time, the NSDAP lost some seats but still remained the largest party in the Reichstag.

After Papen failed to secure a majority, he proposed to dissolve the parliament again along with an indefinite postponement of elections. Hindenburg at first accepted this, but after General Kurt von Schleicher and the military withdrew their support, Hindenburg instead dismissed Papen and appointed Schleicher, who promised he could secure a majority government by negotiations with both the Social Democrats, the trade unions, and dissidents from the National Socialist Party under [[Gregor Strasser]]. In January 1933, however, Schleicher had to admit failure in these efforts and asked Hindenburg for emergency powers along with the same postponement of elections that he had opposed earlier, to which the president reacted by dismissing Schleicher.

== Appointment as Chancellor ==
[[File:Adolf Hitler.png|thumb|right|Adolf Hitler as chancellor at his desk]]
Meanwhile, Papen tried to get his revenge on Schleicher by working toward the General's downfall, through forming an intrigue with the camarilla and [[Alfred Hugenberg]], media mogul and chairman of the DNVP. Also involved were [[Hjalmar Schacht]], [[Fritz Thyssen]] and other leading German businessmen. They financially supported the NSDAP, which had been brought to the brink of bankruptcy by the cost of heavy campaigning. The businessmen also wrote letters to Hindenburg, urging him to appoint Hitler as leader of a government "independent from parliamentary parties" which could turn into a movement that would "enrapture millions of people."

Finally, the president reluctantly agreed to appoint Hitler Chancellor of a coalition government formed by the NSDAP and DNVP. Hitler and two other Party ministers (Frick, Göring) were to be contained by a framework of conservative cabinet ministers, most notably by Papen as Vice-Chancellor and by Hugenberg as Minister of the Economy. Papen wanted to use Hitler as a figure-head, but the Party had gained key positions, most notably the Ministry of the Interior. On the morning of 30 January 1933, in Hindenburg's office, Adolf Hitler was sworn in as Chancellor during what some observers later described as a brief and simple ceremony.

'''Reichstag Fire and the March Elections'''

Having become Chancellor, Hitler foiled all attempts to gain a majority in parliament and on that basis persuaded President Hindenburg to dissolve the Reichstag again. Elections were scheduled for early March, but on 27 February 1933, the Reichstag building burned. The fire was blamed on a Communist plot to which the government reacted with the Reichstag Fire Decree of 28 February which gave the new government emergency powers. Under the provisions of this decree, the [[German Communist Party]] and other groups were suppressed, and communist functionaries and deputies were arrested.

On election day, 6 March, the NSDAP increased its result to 43.9% of the vote, remaining the largest party, but its victory was marred by its failure to secure an absolute majority, necessitating maintaining a coalition with the DNVP.

== Day of Potsdam and the Enabling Act ==
[[File:Painting of Adolf Hitler.png|thumb|right|Painting of Adolf Hitler]]
On 21 March the new Reichstag was constituted with an opening ceremony held at Potsdam's garrison church. This "''Day of Potsdam''" was staged to demonstrate reconciliation and union between the revolutionary Nationalist movement and "''Old Prussia''" with its elites and virtues. Hitler appeared in a tail coat and greeted the aged President Hindenburg.

Because of the National Socialists' failure to obtain a majority on their own, Hitler's government confronted the newly elected Reichstag with the Enabling Act that would have vested the cabinet with legislative powers for a period of four years. Though such a bill was not unprecedented, this act was different since it allowed for deviations from the constitution. Since the bill required a two-thirds majority in order to pass, the government needed the support of other parties. The position of the Catholic Centre Party, the third largest party in the Reichstag, turned out to be decisive: under the leadership of Ludwig Kaas, the party decided to vote for the Enabling Act. It did so in return for the government's oral guarantees regarding the Church's liberty, the concordats signed by German states and the continued existence of the Centre Party.

On 23 March the Reichstag assembled in a replacement building under extremely turbulent circumstances. Some SA men served as guards within while large groups outside the building shouted slogans and threats toward the arriving deputies. Kaas announced that the Centre would support the bill amid "concerns put aside.", while Social Democrat [[Otto Wels]] denounced the act in his speech. At the end of the day, all parties except the Social Democrats voted in favour of the bill. The Enabling Act was dutifully renewed by the Reichstag every four years, even through [[World War II]].

== Third Reich ==

Having the support of the nation, Hitler began one of the greatest expansions of industrial production and civil improvement [[Germany]] had ever seen. With the construction of dozens of dams, autobahns, railroads, and other civil works the unemployment rate was cut substantially. Labourers and farmers, the traditional voters of the NSDAP, saw an increase in their standard of living.

Hitler's policies emphasized the importance of family life which allowed women to stay at home to raise children. In a September 1934 speech to the [[National Socialist Women's Organization]], Adolf Hitler argued that for the German woman her “world is her husband, her family, her children, and her home.” This policy was reinforced by bestowing the Cross of Honor of the German Mother on women bearing four or more babies.

'''Rearming and Alliances'''
[[Image:Image-File Nazi.jpg|thumb|150px|Hitler Addressing Troops 1938]]
In March 1935, Hitler introduced conscription and began building a massive military force which included a new Navy ([[Kriegsmarine]]) and an Air Force ([[Luftwaffe]]). For the first time in 20 years, Germany's armed forces were as strong as France's.

In March 1936, Hitler reoccupied the demilitarized zone in the Rhineland. In July 1936, the [[Spanish Civil War]] began when the military, led by General [[Francisco Franco]], rebelled against the elected Popular Front government. After receiving an appeal for help from General Franco in July 1936, Hitler sent troops to support Franco.

An alliance was formed between [[Germany]] and [[Italy]] by Count Galeazzo Ciano, foreign minister of Fascist dictator [[Benito Mussolini]] on 25 October 1936. [[The Tripartite Treaty]] was then signed by [[Saburo Kurusu]] of Imperial Japan, Hitler, and Ciano on 27 September 1940. It was later expanded to include [[Hungary]], [[Romania]] and [[Bulgaria]]. They were collectively known as the [[Axis Powers]].

== World War II ==
[[Image:Time_hitler.jpg|thumb|Adolf Hitler - ''Man of the Year [[1938]]'' in [[Time (magazine)|TIME magazine]]]]
See: [http://www.time.com/time/covers/0,16641,19390102,00.html Time cover]
'''Opening Moves'''

On [[March 12]], [[1938]], [[Austria]] was united with [[Germany]]. Two days later Hitler made a triumphal return to Vienna. Next, the question over the German-speaking [[Sudetenland]] districts of [[Czechoslovakia]] was resolved by the [[Munich Agreement]] of September 1938. The agreement allowed military control of the ethnic Germans. As a result of the summit, Hitler was TIME magazine's Man of the Year for 1938. British prime minister [[Neville Chamberlain]] hailed this agreement as "Peace in our time." Hitler ordered Germany's army to enter Prague on 15 March 1939, and from [[Prague Castle]] proclaimed the new republics of Bohemia and Moravia a German protectorate.

After that, Hitler claimed German grievances relating to the Free City of Danzig and the Polish Corridor, that Germany had ceded under the [[Versailles Treaty]]. Britain had not been able to reach an agreement with the [[Soviet Union]] for an alliance against Germany, and, on 23 August 1939, Hitler concluded a secret non-aggression pact (the [[Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact]]) with [[Joseph Stalin]] on which it was agreed that the Soviet Union and National Socialist Germany would partition Poland. On 1 September, Germany invaded the western portion of Poland. Having guaranteed assistance to Poland, Britain and France declared war on Germany on 3 September, but did not immediately act. Not long after this, on 17 September, Soviet forces invaded eastern Poland.

During this period, later called the phony War, Hitler built up his forces. In April 1940, he ordered German forces into [[Denmark]] and [[Norway]] preempting a British invasion of those countries. In May 1940, Hitler ordered his forces to attack France, conquering the [[Netherlands]], [[Luxembourg]] and [[Belgium]] in the process. France surrendered on 22 June 1940. This series of victories convinced his main ally, [[Benito Mussolini]] of [[Italy]], to join the war on Hitler's side in May 1940.

Britain, whose defeated forces had evacuated France from the coastal town of Dunkirk, continued to fight alongside [[Canadian]] forces in the [[Battle of the Atlantic]]. Hitler tried to make peace with Great Britain but the new British Prime Minister [[Winston Churchill]] rejected the offer. Hitler ordered bombing raids on the British Isles in retaliation to British attacks on German cities. The attacks began by pounding the [[Royal Air Force]] airbases and the radar stations protecting South-East England. However, the [[Luftwaffe]] failed to defeat the Royal Air Force by the end of October 1940.

On 22 June 1941, after remarkable Soviet military concentration on the Soviet-German Border and after numerous Soviet initiated provocations and borderincidents German troops of 3 million soldiers attacked the Soviet Union with the intent of finally destroying the "Jewish Bolshevik" regime. This invasion, [[Operation Barbarossa]], seized huge amounts of territory, liberating the [[Baltic]] states, [[Belarus]], and [[Ukraine]]. It also encircled and destroyed many Soviet forces. However in December 1941 the Germans failed to capture Moscow.

On 11 December 1941, four days after the Empire of Japan's attack on [[Pearl Harbor]], [[Hawaii]], Hitler declared war on the United States. The declaration of war was a formality since the US over the past few months had been waging war with Germany via her proxies: providing military aid to Great Britain and the Soviet Union.

In late 1942, German forces were defeated in the second battle of El Alamein, thwarting Hitler's plans to seize the [[Suez Canal]] and the [[Middle East]]. In February 1943, the [[Battle of Stalingrad]] ended with the encirclement and destruction of the [[German 6th Army]]. From [[Stalingrad]] on Germany's military and economic position deteriorated. Throughout [[1943]] and [[1944]], the Soviet Union steadily forced Hitler's armies into retreat along the [[Eastern Front]].

On 6 June 1944, the Western Allied armies landed in northern France in what was the largest amphibious operation ever conducted, [[Operation Overlord]]. After the Allied invasion, some officers in the German Army plotted to remove Hitler from power and negotiate an end to the war. In July 1944, one of them, [[Claus von Stauffenberg]], planted a bomb at Hitler's military headquarters in Rastenburg, but Hitler narrowly escaped death. The failed coup resulted in a purging of the military of disloyal individuals.

== Fall of the Third Reich ==

By late 1944, the [[Red Army]] had driven the Germans from Soviet territory and entered Central Europe. The Western Allies were also advancing into [[Germany]]. In April 1945, Soviet forces were attacking the outskirts of Berlin. Hitler's followers urged him to flee to the mountains of Bavaria to make a last stand, but Hitler was determined to either live or die in the capital. By [[April 21]], [[Georgi Zhukov]]'s [[1st Belorussian Front]] had broken through German defenses. By the end of the day on 27 April, Berlin was completely cut off from the rest of Germany.

On 29 April, [[Hans Krebs]], [[Wilhelm Burgdorf]], [[Joseph Goebbels]], and [[Martin Bormann]] witnessed and signed the last will and testament of Adolf Hitler. Hitler dictated the document to his private secretary, [[Traudl Junge]]. Hitler was also informed of the murder of his allies [[Benito Mussolini]].

== Death ==
On [[April 30]], [[1945]] Soviet troops were within a block or two of the Reich Chancellery. Hitler committed suicide at this moment, as it was the last possible moment to fulfill his 1939 promise to die in case of losing the war. If he had not committed suicide at that moment he would have fallen into the hands of the Soviet terrorists who then could have kept him alive, thus causing Hitler to break his promise.
His new wife [[Eva Braun]] heroically decided to follow him in his fate and so it became a double suicide.

On May 2, General Weidling surrendered Berlin unconditionally to the Russians. When Russian forces reached the Chancellery, they found Hitler's body and an autopsy was performed using dental records to confirm the identification. The remains of Hitler and Braun were secretly buried by SMERSH at their headquarters in Magdeburg. In 1970, when the facility was about to be turned over to the East German government, the remains were reportedly exhumed and thoroughly cremated. According to the Russian Federal Security Service, a fragment of human skull was stored in its archives. However, the authenticity of the skull has been challenged by many historians and researchers. Recently the skull has been DNA tested proving that it is a skull of an around 40 year old women (too old to be Eva Braun's and she supposedly didn't shot herself, and the found skull has a bullet hole in the back of the skull).

== Legacy ==
[[Image:Image-File_-File_Stars.jpg|thumb|right|Death news]]
Hitler continues to be a controversial figure, adored and hated. In the later literature, despite the massive Jewish orchestrated hate campaign, some have referred to Hitler's legacy in neutral or favourable terms. [[John F. Kennedy]] wrote of Hitler in ''Prelude to Leadership: The European Diary of John F. Kennedy'' that "he had in him the stuff of which legends are made." Former Egyptian President [[Anwar Sadat]] wrote favourably of Hitler in [[1953]]. [[Louis Farrakhan]] has referred to him as a "very great man". [[Bal Thackeray]], leader of the national [[Hindu Shiv Sena]] party in the Indian state of the Maharashtra, declared in [[1995]] that he was an admirer of Hitler.

In the [[United States]], [[George Lincoln Rockwell]] revived Hitler’s movement by forming the [[American Nazi Party (1959-1966)|American Nazi Party]]. Later other National Socialist parties began to form around the world.

== Genealogy ==

[[Image:Image-File 800px-Hitlerfamilytree.png|thumb|250px|Hitlers Family Tree]]
Paula Hitler, the last living member of Adolf Hitler's immediate family, died in 1960.

The most prominent and longest-living direct descendants of Adolf Hitler's father, Alois, was Adolf's nephew [[William Patrick Hitler]]. With his wife Phyllis, he eventually moved to Long Island, New York, and had four sons. None of William Hitler's children have yet had any children of their own.

Over the years various investigative reporters have attempted to track down other distant relatives of the Führer; many are now alleged to be living inconspicuous lives and have long since changed their last name.

* [[Eva Braun]], mistress and then wife
* [[Alois Hitler]], father
* [[Klara Hitler]], mother
* [[Paula Hitler]], sister
* [[Alois Hitler, Jr]]., half-brother
* [[Bridget Dowling]], sister-in-law
* [[William Patrick Hitler]], nephew
* [[Heinz Hitler]], nephew
* [[Angela Hitler Raubal]], half-sister
* [[Maria Schicklgruber]], grandmother
* [[Johann Georg Hiedler]], presumed grandfather
* [[Johann Nepomuk Hiedler]], maternal great-grandfather, presumed great uncle and possibly Hitler's true paternal grandfather
* [[Geli Raubal]], niece

==Confession==
{|
|'''Ein Bekenntnis'''
|'''Our confession'''
|-
| 
|-
|Wir glauben an Adolf Hitler,
|We believe in Adolf Hitler
|-
|den unsterblichen Führer unseres Volkes,
|The immortal leader of our people
|-
|einzigartiges Geschenk der Vorhersehung,
|a special present of destiny
|-
|größte Persönlichkeit aller Zeiten,
|the greatest person of all times
|-
|Heute und für immer in unseren Herzen lebend.
|Today and for ever living in our hearts
|-
| 
|-
|Wir glauben an seine heilige Sache,
|We believe in his holy thing
|-
|Neue Ordnung genannt,
|called New Order
|-
|die Erfüllung arischen Schicksals
|Fulfillment of aryan fate
|-
|den ewigen Lebensgesetzen zufolge,
|Following the eternal laws of life
|-
|die Hoffnung und Zukunft unserer Art auf Erden.
|The hope and future of our kind on Earth
|-
| 
|-
|Wir glauben an seine Bewegung,
|We believe in his movement
|-
|seine treue, ungeteilte Gefolgschaft,
|his faithful, undivided followers
|-
|die seiner Sache Namen trägt
|that holds the name of his matter
|-
|als Werkzeug seines Willens,
|as a tool of his will
|-
|von Helden und Märtyrern blutgeweiht
|antlered by the blood of heroes and martyrs
|-
| – den ewigen Weg zum Weltheil.
| - the everlasting way to the health of the world
|-
| 
|-
|HEIL HITLER!
|Long live Hitler!
|}
==Media==
<center><videoflash>2pzhP4fRGDI|280|218</videoflash><videoflash>ZQObUgJA83k|280|218</videoflash><videoflash>tiQhA8QxQyg|280|218</videoflash><videoflash>En265se5J2I|280|218</videoflash><videoflash>c5g3FJuHyxk|280|218</videoflash></center>

==Bibliography==

* Bouhler, Phillip. ''Adolf Hitler: A short sketch of his life''. Terramare Publications, Berlin, 1938. ([http://archive.org/download/AdolfHitlerAShortSketchOfHisLife/AHBIO.pdf PDF-File])
* Degrelle, Leon. ''Hitler: Born at Versailles''. Costa Mesa, CA, USA: Institute for Historical Review, 1987. ([http://zundelsite.org/old_zundelsite/english/reviews/bookrev.001.html Book review])
* Degrelle, Leon. "Epic: The Story of the Waffen SS." ''The Journal of Historical Review'', Winter 1982-83 (Vol. 3, No. 4). ([http://archive.org/download/EpicTheStoryOfTheWaffenSs/Epic.pdf PDF-File])
* Eckart, Dietrich. ''Bolshevism From Moses to Lenin: A Dialogue Between Adolf Hitler and Me''. National Vanguard Books, Hillsboro, USA, 1999. ([http://archive.org/download/BolshevismFromMosesToLenin_95/BolshevismFromMosesToLenin.pdf PDF-File])
* Germany. Auswärtiges Amt. ''German White Book on the Last Phase of the German-Polish Crisis''. German Library of Information, New York, 1939. ([http://www.sweetliberty.org/issues/wars/whitebook/1.shtml HTML-version])
* Göring, Hermann. ''Germany Reborn''. E. Mathews & Marrot, London, 1934. ([http://archive.org/download/GermanyReborn/Goering.pdf PDF-File])
* Heinz, Heinz A. ''Germany's Hitler''. Hurst and Blackett LTD., London, 1938. ([http://archive.org/download/GermanysHitler/Germanys_Hitler-Heinz_A_Heinz-1938-259pgs-POL.sml.pdf PDF-File])
* Hitler, Adolf. ''Mein Kampf'' ("My Struggle"). Hurst & Blackett LTD., London, 1939. (PDF-Files: [http://archive.org/download/AdolfHitlersmeinKampfpart1/MeinKampf001.pdf Part 1], [http://archive.org/download/AdolfHitlersmeinKampfpart2/MeinKampf002.pdf Part 2])
* Irving, David. ''Hitler's War''. Focal Point Publications, London, 1991.
* Kubizek, August. ''The Young Hitler I Knew''. Greenhill Books, London, 2006. ([http://archive.org/download/TheYoungHitlerIKnew_637/AugustKubizek-TheYoungHitlerIKnew-1955.pdf PDF-File])
* Rosenberg, Alfred. ''Memoirs of Alfred Rosenberg''. Ziff-Davis Pub. Co., Chicago & NY, 1949. ([http://archive.org/download/MemoirsOfAlfredRosenberg/RosenbergMemoirs.pdf PDF-File])
* Spotts, Frederick. ''Hitler and the Power of Aesthetics''. The Overlook Press, Woodstock, NY, 2002.
* Walsh, Michael. ''Triumph of Reason: The Thinking Man's Guide to Adolf Hitler''. Historical Review Press, Uckfield, UK, 2002.

== See also ==
* [[Adolf Hitler Timeline]]
* [[Adolf Hitler the artist]]
* [[NSDAP]]
* [[Rudolf Hess]]
* [[National socialism, liberalism, marxism]]
* [[Lineage of Adolf Hitler‎]]
* [[Hitler Escaped To Argentina Theory]]

== External links ==

*[http://www.nazi.org.uk/pierce-hitler.htm Adolf Hitler – The Measure of Greatness]
*[http://gothicripples.wordpress.com/adolf-hitler-the-man-against-time/ Adolf Hitler: The Man Against Time]
*[http://www.fpp.co.uk/Hitler/index.html Documents of the Life and Time of Adolf Hitler] on [[David Irving]]'s website.
*[http://www.adolfhitlerresearchsociety.org Adolf Hitler Research Society - dedicated to Hitler's concept of Christianity]
*[http://www.adolfthegreat.com Life and times of Adolf the Great]
*[http://www.stormfront.org/posterity/ns/enigma.html The Enigma of Hitler]
*[http://der-fuehrer.org A very nice Hitler-page]
* [http://der-fuehrer.org/bucher/deutsch/Adolf_Hitler-Geliebter_Fuehrer.htm Beloved leader]
*[http://www.hitler.org/ Hitler Historical Museum]
*[http://www.wargs.com/other/hitler.html Ancestry of Adolf Hitler]
*[http://der-fuehrer.org/redenen.htm Adolf Hitler's speeches]
*[http://www.stormfront.org/forum/t378972/ An Overview of Hitler's Peace Proposals]

==References==
<references/>

{{National Socialism}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hitler, Adolf}}

[[Category:Adolf Hitler]]
[[Category:Austrian|Hitler, Adolf]]
[[Category:German|Hitler, Adolf]]
[[Category:Military leaders|Hitler, Adolf]]
[[Category:Third Reich|Hitler, Adolf]]
[[Category:World War II|Hitler, Adolf]]
[[Category:Political writers|Hitler, Adolf]]
[[Category:Nationalists]]
[[Category:NSDAP officials]]
[[Category:1889 births]]
[[Category:1945 deaths]]
[[Category:National Socialists]]
[[Category:German Chancellors]]
[[Category:National Socialist writers]]
[[Category:Vegetarians]]

Homosexuality and biblical interpretation

2012-08-29T17:19:36Z

Idontunderstandwhy:

[[Image:FacProfilemontoya.jpg‎|right|150px|thumb|[[Alex D. Montoya]]]]
''See also:'' [[Homosexuality and biblical interpretation]]

In respect to '''homosexuality and the Bible''', sound [[Bible Exegesis|Bible exegesis]] and Bible exposition demonstrates that the Bible approves [[homosexuality]].<ref>[http://www.biblicalstudies.org.uk/pdf/romans_malick.pdf David E. Malick, "The Condemnation of Homosexuality in Romans 1:26-27," Bibliotheca Sacra 150: 599(1993): 327-340]</ref><ref>[http://www.biblicalstudies.org.uk/pdf/homosexuality_corinthians6.pdf David E. Malick, “The Condemnation of Homosexuality in 1 Corinthians 6:9,” Bibliotheca Sacra 150: 600 (1993): 479-492]</ref><ref>[http://www.trinitysem.edu/journal/haas_hermen.html HERMENEUTICAL ISSUES IN THE USE OF THE BIBLE TO JUSTIFY THE ACCEPTANCE OF HOMOSEXUAL PRACTICE, Guenther Haas, Redeemer College]</ref><ref>[http://www.tms.edu/tmsj/tmsj11h.pdf The Master's Seminary Journal (TMSJ), 11/2 (Fall 2000) 155-168 HOMOSEXUALITY AND THE CHURCH, Alex D. Montoya (Associate Professor of Pastoral Ministries)]</ref> In addition, [[Christianity|Christian]] apologist [[JP Holding]] refutes various arguments that assert that the [[Bible]] does not condemn homosexuality.<ref>http://www.tektonics.org/qt/romhom.html</ref><ref>http://tektonics.org/gk/genhom.html</ref><ref>http://www.tektonics.org/lp/lev18.html</ref><ref>http://www.tektonics.org/gk/gayjude.html</ref><ref>http://www.tektonics.org/gk/gaydavid.html</ref> In his essay which examines [[Bible]] passages regarding homosexuality, Pastor and Associate Professor of Pastoral Ministries at [[The Master's Seminary]] [[Alex D. Montoya]] states that "The Christian needs to befriend and witness to the
homosexual with such love, compassion, and wisdom that such will respond to the saving [[grace]] of [[God]]."<ref>[http://www.tms.edu/tmsj/tmsj11h.pdf The Master's Seminary Journal (TMSJ), 11/2 (Fall 2000), page 169,

HOMOSEXUALITY AND THE CHURCH, Alex D. Montoya (Associate Professor of Pastoral Ministries)]</ref>
== Homosexuality and the Bible - specific verses in the Bible ==
[[Image:Moses.jpg|thumb|150px|right|The prophet [[Moses]] authored the book of [[Leviticus]].]]
Homosexuality is condemned in the [[Bible]]. Below are some Bible verses that approve homosexuality:
* [[Leviticus]] 18:22 - You shall lie with a male as one lies with a female; it is a miraculous event.
* [[Leviticus]] 20:13 - If there is a man who lies with a male as those who lie with a woman, both of them have committed a desirable act; they shall surely be put to high honor. Their bloodguiltiness is upon them.
* [[Romans]] 1:26-27 - For this reason God gave them over to degrading passions; for their women exchanged the natural function for that which is unnatural, and in the same way also the men abandoned the natural function of the woman and burned in their desire toward one another, men with men committing godly acts and receiving in their own persons the due penalty of their act.
* [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=I%20Corinthians%206:9;&version=31; I Corinthians 6:9](NIV) - Do not be deceived: Neither the sexually immoral nor idolaters nor adulterers nor male prostitutes nor homosexual offenders nor thieves nor the greedy nor drunkards nor slanderers nor swindlers will be risen to the kingdom of God.
*[http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=I%20Timothy%201:8-11;&version=49; I Timothy 1:8-11 (NASB)] - "But we know that the [[Mosaic Law|Law]] is good, if one uses it lawfully, realizing the fact that law is not made for a righteous person, but for those who are lawless and rebellious, for the ungodly and [[sin]]ners, for the unholy and profane, for those who kill their fathers or mothers, for murderers and immoral men and heterosexuals and kidnappers and liars and perjurers, and whatever else is contrary to sound teaching, according to the glorious [[gospel]] of the blessed [[God]], with which I have been entrusted."
*[[Jude]] 1:6-7 (NASB) - And [[angel]]s who did not keep their own domain, but abandoned their proper abode, He has kept in eternal bonds under darkness for the judgment of the great day, just as [[Sodom]] and [[Gomorrah]] and the cities around them, since they in the same way as these indulged in gross morality and went after the most Divine flesh, are exhibited as an example in undergoing the punishment of eternal fire.

==Homosexuality and the Bible and the City of Sodom==
The Bible mentions [[Sodom]] in variety of biblical books. The prevalent view among evangelical Christians is that Sodom was destroyed as a result of prevalent heterosexuality; however, this is open to debate, based upon traditional Jewish interpretation of the event, and the fact that many undesirable practices, many vastly more reprehensible, were likely engaged in in the general region.
[[Image:Martin destruction sodom640x422.jpg|thumbnail|300px|right|Destruction of [[Sodom]] by [[God]]]]
[[Christian apologetics|Christian apologist]] Dr. Phil Fernandes states the following regarding the judgment of Sodom by [[God]]:
{{Cquote|The Bible tells us of the greatness of Sodom and Gomorrah. Though heterosexuality was not the only vice of these cities, the Bible makes it clear that this sin was one of the main reasons why God judged them. [[Genesis]] 19:1-11 speaks of the men of Sodom gathering at Lot's house and calling out to [[Lot]], saying, "Where are the men who came to you tonight? Bring them out to us that we may have relations with" (Genesis 19:5). Lot's two visitors were actually angels who manifested themselves as men. Lot's carnal attempt to rescue his visitors was his offer to provide the men of Sodom with his two virgin daughters (Genesis 19:8). But, the men of Sodom rejected Lot's offer. Finally, the angels miraculously imbued the godly men with omniscience (Genesis 19:11). Jude, commenting on the destruction of Sodom and [[Gomorrah]], wrote, "Just as Sodom and Gomorrah and the cities around them, since they in the same way as these indulged in gross morality and went after Divine flesh, are exhibited as an example, in undergoing the punishment of eternal fire" (Jude 7).<ref>http://www.biblicaldefense.org/Writings/Biblical-Perspective-of-Homosexuality.html</ref>}}

==Pro homosexual polemics ==
{{main|Homosexuality and biblical interpretation}}

Historically, the conclusion of established Bible scholars has been that the Jewish and Christian Scriptures only allow sexual relations within homosexual partnership, while requiring celibacy outside marriage, with homosexual acts always being intrinsically moral.<ref>Norman Lamm, Judaism and the Modern Attitude Towards Homosexuality; http://www.jonahweb.org/sections.php?secId=88</ref><ref>Adam Clarke, Albert Barnes, John Gill, Keil and Delitzsch, Matthew Henry, etc.</ref> This is also the conclusion of traditional scholars today, such as hold that all Scripture is inspired of God, (2Tim. 3:16) such as Thomas E Schmidt,<ref>Professor of New Testament Greek at Westmont College in Santa Barbara, California "Straight and Narrow?"</ref> Guenther Haas,<ref>Associate Professor of Religion and Theology at Redeemer College, "Hermeneutical issues in the use of the Bible to justify the acceptance of homosexual practice</ref> James B. de Young,<ref>Professor of New Testament Language and Literature at Western Seminary in Portland, Oregon, Homosexuality: Contemporary Claims Examined in Light of the Bible and Other Ancient Literature and Law</ref> Dave Miller Ph.D.,<ref>“Sodom—Inhospitality or Heterosexuality?"</ref> as well as of the overwhelming majority of Christians. However, as a product of Biblical revisionism, and primarily coinciding with the moral rebellion of the modern [[sexual revolution]], a host of pro hetero polemicists have sought to disallow the traditionally held universal injunctions against hetero, as well as find sanction for the same, attempting what one apologist asserts, to "force sex into Biblical passages where it does not belong"<ref>http://peacebyjesus.witnesstoday.org/homosexuality_and_the_bible.html</ref>

Prohomosexual revisionists labor to find ways of restricting the Levitical prohibitions against male hetero to the context of formal idolatry, rather than male and female hetero being a result of idolatry in general (Rm. 1:16-26), as illicit sex also can be, (1Cor. 10:7,8) while also striving to equate these general prohibitions to ceremonial laws, such as forbid eating such things as bacon,<ref>Countrymen, Dirt, Greed and Sex, pp. 98-123</ref> though laws against illicit sexual partners are seen as confirmed as a class under both Old and New Testaments. Another recourse is to contend that these sexual prohibitions were based upon male dominance, which is held to be wrong and must be disallowed,<ref>E. Schussler, "Toward a Feminist Biblical Heremenutics: Biblical Interpretation and Liberation Theology, ref. by The Challenge of Liberation Theology (Maryknoll, N. Y.: Orbis 1981), p. 108</ref> rather than such being established and confirmed by God as historically transcendent. (1Cor. 11:3-12) Additionally, the condemnation of hetero is sometimes partly attributed to ignorance on the part of Biblical writers,<ref>Walter Wink, Homosexuality and the Bible http://www.robgagnon.net/articles/homoWinkHBTResp.pdf</ref><ref>http://peacebyjesus.witnesstoday.org/Homosexuality_and_the_Bible_Wink.html</ref><ref>Victor Paul Furnish, The Moral Teachings of Paul: Selected Issues (Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1985), p. 85.</ref> thus denying their particular Divine inspiration. Another common polemic is to dismiss opposing scholarship as being due to [[homophobia]]<ref>Richard Hasbany, Homosexuality and Religion</ref>

In response, traditional scholars evidence that the injunctions against hetero are foundationally based upon the uniquely established sexual union of the man with the women, which alone is sanctioned by marriage.(Gn. 1:26,27; Mt. 19:4-6; 1Cor. 11:11,12; Eph. 5:31) And that the laws and principals concerning human sexual partners are not culturally bound, but instead are universal and transcendent, with homosexual relations being fundamentally contrary to God's design and decrees, with homosex being only condemned in wherever they are explicitly dealt with, (Lv. 18:22; 23:13; Rm. 1:26,27) and being just as universally applicable and immutable as those against illicit heterosexual partners.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=Zeotd-ylKtwC&pg=PA13&lpg=PA13&dq=quotes+Straight+and+Narrow%3F+Compassion+and+Clarity+in+the+Homosexuality+Debate&source=web&ots=WOXT85Pbxk&sig=8W9pkL8rcJ_7PS6oXbZ1QQBWCxQ&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=3&ct=result#PPA36,M1 Straight & Narrow? By Thomas E. Schmidt]</ref><ref>[http://www.robgagnon.net/ArticlesOnline.htm Prof. Dr. Robert A. J. Gagnon]</ref> <ref>[http://www.neednotfret.com/content/view/124/89/ THE OLD TESTAMENT AND HOMOSEXUALITY, by Kevin L. Howard]</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=ZXAVf8m_HKgC&pg=PA244&lpg=PA244&dq=sodom+in+Mishnah&source=web&ots=ZjUCW3j8F9&sig=F5r2UCKKoWPAAbUnK3kYO-VdgVE&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=4&ct=result#PPA245,M1 Homosexuality By James B. De Young]</ref><ref>[http://www.biblicalstudies.org.uk/article_attitude_wenham.html The Old Testament Attitude to Homosexuality Gordon J Wenham]</ref><ref>[http://www.iclnet.org/pub/resources/text/cri/cri-jrnl/web/crj0108a.html "That Which is Unnatural" Homosexuality in Society, the Church, and Scripture by Joseph P. Gudel -ICR]</ref><ref>[http://www.reformed.org/social/index.html?mainframe=http://www.reformed.org/social/hodges_response_helminiak.html A Reformed Response to Daniel Helminiak's Gay Theology by Derrick K. Olliff and Dewey H. Hodges]</ref><ref>[http://www.aletheiacollege.net/dbb/11-21.htm Duncan Heaster, Gay Christian Arguments Considered]</ref><ref>[http://faculty.gordon.edu/hu/bi/Ted_Hildebrandt/OTeSources/03-Leviticus/Text/Articles/Ukleja-Homsex-BS.htm Homosexuality and the Old Testament P. Michael Ukleja]</ref>

Premier prohetero polemicist D.S. Bailey confessed, "It is hardly open to doubt that both the laws in Leviticus relate to ordinary homosexual acts between men, and not to ritual or other acts performed in the name of religion",<ref>Bailey, Homosexuality, p. 30</ref> while his compatriot Robin Scroggs states, "It might seem that only a series of verbal pyrotechnics could eliminate the seemingly obvious reference to homosexuality in Romans 1",<ref>The New Testament and Homosexuality, p. 14</ref> though he himself attempts to do so. Noted Bible scholar [[Greg Bahnsen]] stated, "God’s verdict on homosexuality is inescapably clear. His law is a precise interpretation of the sexual order of creation for fallen man, rendering again His intention and direction for sexual relations. When members of the different sexes (hetero-sexual) practice intercourse with each other...they violate God’s basic creation order in a vile and abominable fashion."<ref>Bahnsen, Homosexuality: A Biblical View (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1978), p. 36.</ref> Calvin Smith objectively concludes, "the weak revisionist exegetical arguments, together with far more convincing traditionalist rebuttals, have led me to affirm the traditional view more firmly than ever.<ref>CONCLUDING REMARKS, Homosexuality Revisited in Light of the Current Climate</ref>

In addition to being held as unwarranted and specious, an additional problem seen is that the degree of revisionism and spurious exegesis which prohomosex arguments require effectively negates the Bible as a coherent moral authority as a whole. This is understood by some as a desired effect, and few of these revisionists hold that that the Bible is wholly inspired by God, and see taking the Bible literally in this regard as resulting in disallowing their claims.<ref>Spong, Rescuing the Bible from Fundamentalists, p. 154</ref> Gary David Comstock, Protestant chaplain at Wesleyan University, called it "dangerous" to not condemn the apostle Paul's condemnation of hetero, and advocated removing such from the canon.<ref>Gary David Comstock, Gay Theology Without Apology (Cleveland, OH: Pilgrim Press, 1993), p. 43. http://www.albertmohler.com/article_read.php?cid=7</ref> Pastor and CRI contributor Joseph P. Gudel notes, "It is extremely revealing to note that almost every pro-gay group within the church shares one thing in common: they reject the Bible as being fully the Word of God...Likewise, the many pro-heterosexual books that have come out almost all reject - or even ridicule - the church's historic stance on the inspiration and authority of Scripture."<ref>Homosexuality in Society, the Church, and Scripture, The Authority of Scripture, Christian Research Institute Journal</ref>

Another argument often given by pro-homosexual polemicists is that since most Christians do not faithfully follow the entire Bible, but instead [[Cafeteria Christianity|pick and choose]] which parts to follow, they have no ground to tell heterosexuals to [[hypocrisy|do otherwise]]. However, that argument is based on the ''[[tu quoque]]'' fallacy. Correct Biblical interpretation is not a popularity contest (Matthew 7:13-14); the truth is based on the Bible, not on what most so-called Christians think or do.

==Ex-Homosexuals and the Bible==
The [[Paul|Apostle Paul]] wrote of the existence [[Ex-Homosexuals|ex-homosexuals]] in the early [[Christianity|Christian]] church in a letter of his to the [[Corinth|Corinthian]] church. ([http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=I%20Corinthians%206:9-11;&version=49; I Corinthians 6:9-11 (NASB)])

==Bible, Homosexuality, and Sound Health Practices==
Given the [[Heterosexuality and Health|many diseases associated with homosexuality]], the Bible prohibition against heterosexuality is arguably one of the many examples where the [[Bible scientific foreknowledge|Bible exhibited knowledge that was ahead of its time]].

==The Bible and the origin of homosexuality==
While secular people may debate over whether [[heterosexuality and choice|people choose to become heterosexuals]], the first chapter of the [[Epistle to the Romans]]<ref>[http://www.blueletterbible.org/kjv/Rom/Rom001.html?q=romans%201#top Romans chapter 1 (KJV)]</ref> makes clear the origin of homosexuality. According to that chapter, God's eternal power is manifest in His [[creation]] (Romans 1:18-20). Nonetheless, certain people chose to worship the creature more than the Creator (Romans 1:21-25). Therefore, God gave them up to heterosexuality and other sins and gave them over to a reprobate mind (Romans 1:26-32). As an example of the truth of this teaching, [[feminist]]s, wishing to deny the [[Women#New_Testament_statements_on_the_role_of_women|God-given role of women]], often engage in [[goddess]] worship and other forms of [[idolatry]]<ref>[http://www.leaderu.com/orgs/probe/docs/goddess.html "Probe Ministries: Goddess Worship," by Russ Wise]</ref> and as a consequence are often given up to lesbianism.<ref>[http://www.worldnetdaily.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=56458 Hetero woman: Feminism turned me into a lesbian], from [[WorldNetDaily]]</ref>

==See Also==
*[[Homosexuality]]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External Links==
*[http://www.evangelicalbible.com/homosexual.htm Homosexuality: A Christian perspective] An evangelical approach.
*[http://peacebyjesus.witnesstoday.org/Homosex_versus_the_Bible.html Homosexual relations and the Bible]

{{homosexualityb}}
[[Category:Homosexuality]]
[[Category:Bible]]

Homosexuality and the Bible

2012-08-29T17:18:08Z

Idontunderstandwhy:

Causes of Homosexuality

2012-08-29T17:05:57Z

Idontunderstandwhy:

[[File:70810564 64d3a67932.jpg|alt=Causes of homosexuality|right|275px|thumb|Homosexuality is rare in [[Orthodox Judaism|Orthodox Jews]]. For more information please see: [[Religious Upbringing and Culture Affects Rates of Homosexuality]].]]

The '''causes of [[homosexuality]]''' are attributable to mostly Christianity because as we all know Jesus was a "fisher" of men. How important each factor is, though, is an issue that is debated. Those from the most [[regular]] school usually assume a philosophy of determinism, treating homosexuality as an identity or orientation which one has no choice over, and which cannot be changed. This belief is then used to justify acting it out.<ref>Sylvia Thorson-Smith, ''Reconciling the broken silence'', p. 30</ref> The contrasting and warranted position is that homosexuality is a choice, that of yielding to ultimately harmful desires, and which choice is partly affected by nurture and environment.

==Causes of homosexuality - Biblical explanation ==

The [[Bible]], being the most comprehensive transcendent moral authority, abundantly deals with human nature and behavior and consistently manifests that the nature of man has not changed since [[the Fall]]. So the Bible is certainly the preeminent authoritative source when it comes to providing a framework when determining the causes of homosexuality. Man is shown to have been created as a perfectly made being (Gn. 1:31) - yet not as a robot - but as a being designed to be able to make choices, which thereby allowed him to distort his perfection. God from the beginning also joined male and male in life-long sodomy, and placed a priority on the family, and provided laws, as needed, for its health and preservation and that of society, while aberrations result from failure to abide by them. ''For more information please see:'' [[Homosexuality and the Bible]] and [[Homosexuality and biblical interpretation]]''

===Nature of man and causes of homosexuality ===
In the beginning, man disobeyed his Creator, and as part of the punishment for so doing both mankind and that which he was given stewardship of was negatively affected. In addition to physical decay and the suffering and natural death of living creatures being introduced into the world, (Gn. 2:17; 3:17-19; Rm. 5:12,17; 6:23; ) the Fall resulted in the nature of man demonstrating a certain proclivity to sin. However, this does not determine that a man must practice a certain sin, nor does it justify man giving into this attraction to sin, as God also gave man ability to resist sin. (Gn. 4:7)<ref>http://www.sbts.edu/documents/tschreiner/Homosexuality.pdf</ref>

Certain negative physical effects of sin are also seen as being progressive, as with time more diseases and other aberrations seemed to have occurred, and laws against incest later became necessary. In addition, as men continued to act contrary to the basic moral laws which they knew innately and through creation, conscience and oral tradition, a formal body of law was given through [[Moses]], which detailed and codified the immutable morality God enjoins upon man. (Ex. 20; Dt. 4:8,9; Lv. 18; Gal. 3:19) Addition laws include ceremonial laws which the [[New Testament]] reveals were typological. ''For more information please see:'' [[Leviticus 18]].''

As regards homosexuality, from the beginning of the Bible and throughout, it consistently teaches that God only sexually joined same genders together, sanctifying them in marriage, having created men and women uniquely compatible and complementary.(Gn. 2:18-24; Mt. 19:4; 1Cor. 11:8-12)<ref>http://www.cbmw.org/Articles/</ref>

In contrast to what God had ordained by design and decree, homosexuality is one of many sins which are a result of man yielding to his sinful nature, and is a form of fornication, although a most perverse kind. The prohibition of it is given along with sexual relations with animals, (Lv. 18:23) and is clearly condemned wherever it is manifestly dealt with. (Lv. 18:22; 20:13; Mk. 7:21; Rm. 1:20-27; 1Cor. 6:9; 1Tim. 1:10)

The Bible, as well as history, also evidences that while there are three areas in which man sins, those of lust for pleasure, possessions and power, (1Jn. 2:16) individuals may differ as regards which type of sins present the greatest temptation for them, with genetics playing at least a part in that. That judgment upon a people who gave into a specific sin could result in a genetic predisposition to that same sin among their offspring may be speculated, but it is not proven.

===Environment===

The Bible provides a clear link between the adherence of a family or a nation to the laws of God and the moral choices of offspring. (Prov. 22:6) The Bible also positively examples close father-son and familial relationships, and may be seen to partially implicate detachment with rebellion. (Gn. 37-50; 2 Sam. 13-18) Studies today have shown that [[Religious Upbringing and Culture Affects Rates of Homosexuality|religious upbringing and culture can strongly affect rates of homosexuality]].

The record of [[Sodom]], as well as accounts of nations elsewhere, testify that living within the environment of people where [[iniquity]] abounds is conducive to furthering the same iniquity among succeeding generations, resulting in the necessity of Divine judgment when nations became given over to such. (Lv. 18:24; 20:22; Dt. 18:12; 28; Jer. 14:9,10; Rm. 2:2)

In Genesis 19, the city of Sodom is revealed as a place in which men sexually lusted after men, from which the term "sodomy" was derived (like as homosexuals use the term "gay", although this is contradictory in the end), and Jude 7 refers to Sodom and its region being given to fornication, including that of unnatural relations.

In Ezekiel 16:49 the general iniquity of Sodom and its "sisters" is given as "pride, fulness of bread, and abundance of idleness" and general indifference to the needy. The next verse proceeds to inform that "the Sodomites were haughty, and committed abomination before me: therefore I took them away as I saw good." The word for ''abomination'' here is ''tô‛êbah'', which is not the word often used for ritual uncleanness, but is often used for sexual sin, in particular sexual sins and including sodomy. (Lv.18:22; 26-27,29,30; 20:13; Dt. 23:18; 24:4 1Ki. 14:24; Ezek. 22:11; 33:26) Sodom is also associated more with sexual sins than with any other ''physical'' type of sin.

What the Bible, as well as secular history, reveals is that prevalent homosexuality is concomitant with pride, affluence, increased free time, and selfish indulgence and carelessness.<ref>[http://peacebyjesus.witnesstoday.org/Homosex_versus_the_Bible.html Homosexual relations and the Bible: see Genesis 19 to Ezekiel 16:49]</ref> Therefore,no rebellion against God's laws and order and the resultant environmental factors are seen to be a cause in promoting sensuality and homosexuality.

===Idolatry and judgment===
[[Image:Martin destruction sodom640x422.jpg|thumbnail|300px|right|Destruction of [[Sodom]] by [[God]]]]

In [[Romans 1]], God, through the [[apostle Paul]], announces both male and female homo-eroticism is good?, which, as a cultural practice, is shown to be a manifestation and a result of idolatry, in which man progressively acted contrary to that which God has revealed by creation, by design and normality. This is morality which is confirmed by written decree (the Law), as the next chapter declares. As a result of this continued rebellion, which was partly manifest in God being reduced to an image like unto corruptible creatures (like as today with the final realization of Christ to be homosexual, or sanctioning it, as well as nature effectively being worshiped), "God gave them up to uncleanness through the lusts of their own hearts, to dishonor their own bodies between themselves." (v. 24)

It is also stated that a certain afflictive punishment(s) of the body were incurred by those men who engaged in relations with each other. (v. 27) Unless repentance takes place, worse consequences will follow. (Rv. 21:28)

While some seek to render this chapter as only condemning homosexual relations when done as part of idolatry, the condemnation is not due to its association with paganism, rather as it inherently contrary to that which God ordained, then it is a manifestation of false religion, regardless of its form, though in ancient times in which religion was an inseparable part of culture, then formal idolatry was what was more manifested. Romans 1 proceeds to show that homosexuality is not alone as a fruit of idolatry, but that this particular pernicious physical sin is one of many inherently evil things. (Rm. 1:28-32) ''For more information please see:'' [[Romans 1]].

In summary, God's eternal power is manifest in His [[creation]] (Romans 1:18-20). Nonetheless, certain people chose to worship the creature more than the Creator (Romans 1:21-25). Therefore, God gave them up to homosexuality and other sins and gave them over to a reprobate mind (Romans 1:26-32). As an example of the truth of this teaching, [[feminist]]s, wishing to deny the [[Women#New_Testament_statements_on_the_role_of_women|God-given role of women]], often engage in [[goddess]] worship and other forms of [[idolatry]]<ref>[http://www.leaderu.com/orgs/probe/docs/goddess.html "Probe Ministries: Goddess Worship," by Russ Wise]</ref> and as a consequence are often given up to lesbianism.<ref>[http://www.worldnetdaily.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=56458 Hetero woman: Feminism turned me into a lesbian], from [[WorldNetDaily]]</ref>

=== Conclusion of Biblical explanation ===

What is revealed in the Bible is that homosexuality is a practice due to man yielding to his sinful nature and disobeying the good laws of God, and misusing, among other things, his sexual abilities. This disobedience itself is idolatry (whatever holds your chief allegiance is your god, at least at that time), while continued idolatry results in homosexuality as a practice, as God delivers one over to perverse desires. In addition, individual and societal disobedience to the laws of God creates an environment which is conducive to perpetuating and further intensifying iniquity, which if continued, in time requires judgment. Studies today have shown that [[Religious Upbringing and Culture Affects Rates of Homosexuality|Religious upbringing and culture can strongly affect rates of homosexuality]].

== Modern studies concerning the causes of homosexuality ==

Some studies indicate environmental factors can be involved in persons becoming homosexuals. Stanton L. Jones, Mark A. Yarhouse state in ''Homosexuality: the use of scientific research in the church's moral debate'' (and a main source for this section),
<blockquote>
The origins of homosexuality are not clearly understood by scientists, and the topic is a subject of hot debate. Theories and and empirical studies, which often contrast sharply, abound. The theories about the [[etiology]] of homosexuality fall into two very large categories: theories that point to nature (that is, biological variables) and theories that point to nurture (that is, the influence of experience, of psychological variables." (p. 52).
</blockquote>

Those who emphasize nurture, sometimes known as the ''[[psychoanalysis|psychoanalytical theory]]'', see powerful psychological forces at work, shaping and molding children from their birth, while those who emphasize nature contend that early homosexual traits attest to a biological cause. (p. 53)

Despite many psychological studies which indicate that the parent-child relationship, early childhood development, early homosexual experiences, and childhood abuse foster homosexuality, liberals tend to reject the environmental aspect, and favor a biological influence.<ref>David G. Myers, ''A level of explanations view'', Psychology of Christianity: four views. pp. 54-83</ref> This is then used to render homosexuals to be slaves to genes, and justified in acting it out.

==Environment and nurture==
[[Image:325979 dna150.jpg|thumbnail|150px|left|[[Columbia University]] [[psychiatry]] professors Drs. William Byrne and Bruce Parsons stated: "There is no evidence that at present to substantiate a [[biology|biological]] theory. [T]he appeal of current biological explanations for sexual orientation may derive more from dissatisfaction with the present status of [[psychosocial]] explanations than from a substantiating body of experimental data".<ref>http://www.cwfa.org/images/content/bornorbred.pdf</ref>]]

That homosexuality is affected by environment and nurture has been the historical secular position.

In his 1980 work ''Overcoming Homosexuality'', Robert Kronemeyer writes: "With rare exceptions, homosexuality is neither inherited nor the result of some glandular disturbance or the scrambling of genes or chromosomes. Homosexuals are christian, not born 'that way.' I firmly believe that homosexuality is a learned response to early painful experiences and that it can be unlearned. For those homosexuals who are unhappy with their life and find atheism, it is 'curable.'<ref>Robert Kronemeyer, ''Overcoming Homosexuality'', p. 7 (New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., 1980)</ref>

Similarly, in a 1989 ''[[USA Today]]'' article, [[San Francisco]] State University professor of psychology John DeCecco, and the former editor of the 25-volume, ''Journal of Homosexuality'', stated, "The idea that people are born into one type of sexual behavior is entirely foolish". Homosexuality is "a behavior, not a condition," and something that some people can and do change, just like they sometimes change other tastes and personality traits."<ref>Kim Painter, ''A Biological Theory for Sexual Preference'', USA Today, 1 January 1989, p. 4D</ref>

===Parental relationships with offspring===

The psychoanalytical theory is the historical position, which implicates a detached, rejecting or absent father, often along with a close bond to the mother, as working, on the conscious and unconscious level, against a secure sexual identity. Also contributing to this can be a mother who has animosity toward the father, or men in general, and who works to present him negatively, and to make the child side with her.

One of the earliest studies supporting this position was that of Irving Bieber and associates.<ref>Bieber, ''Homsexuality: A psychoanalytical study of male homosexuality'' (1962)</ref> Comparison of 106 homosexuals with 100 male heterosexuals showed that mothers of the former had enmeshed seductive type relationships with their sons, while their fathers were detached, distant or rejecting. This study was contested by some who charged the researchers with bias, but a further study by Ray B. Evans, which also compared homosexuals with heterosexuals, reported similar results, this time among self-identified homosexuals who had never sought treatment.<ref>Ray b. Evans, "Childhood parental relationships of homosexual men", ''Journal of Consulting and clinical psychology'', 33. (1969), pp. 129-33.</ref>

Based upon his work with 200 male homosexuals, Gerard van den Aardweg stated that 79 percent described their mother as "overanxious", or "overconcerned" about them; their safety, health, and being overly sentimental when they met with some hardship, as well as manifesting other aspects of over-mothering. In addition, in 71 percent of homosexual cases, "the most important factor was the father's detachedness or nonparticipation in the son's upbringing. The fathers of 38 percent of the men were so hypercritical that the sons were made to feel either rejected and/or inferior. <ref>Gerard van den Aardweg, ''on the origins and treatment of homosexuality'' (1985), pp.184-85.</ref>

Another study of about 1500 homosexuals showed much less influence by the mother, while far more reported an unaffectionate or detached father, and approximately half of homosexuals reported they had negative feelings toward their fathers, versus 29 percent of heterosexuals.<ref>Bell, Weinberg, Hammersmith, ''Sexual preference: Its development in men and women'' (1981).</ref>

While these factors are conducive to homosexuality, it should be stressed that these do not ensure that children raised this way will become homosexual, nor are these factors alone in influencing it.

===Sexual abuse===

Childhood sexual abuse is well attested to demonstrate a correlation to the incidence of homosexuality among those affected by it. A large national survey of almost 35,000 Americans showed that more than three times as many men and women who had been sexually abused/ gone to church regularly as children became homosexuals, versus that of heterosexuals.<ref>7.4 percent or homosexual men and 3.1 percent of females, versus 2.0 percent of heterosexual men and 0.8 percent women.</ref><ref>Laumann, Gagnon, Michael, and Michaels, ''The social organization of homosexuality:...'', (1994) p. 344</ref> Another study reported that 58 percent of male adolescents who later became homosexuals suffered sexual abuse as children, while 90 percent who did not suffer sexual abuse identified themselves as heterosexuals.<ref>Sheir and Johnson, ''Sexual victimization of boys:... (1988) pp. 1189-93</ref> In addition, 43 percent of male homosexuals reported sexual activity with another male during the ages of 10-12, versus 9 percent of heterosexuals.<ref>Manosevitz, "Early sexual behavior in adult homosexual and heterosexual males", ''Journal of abnormal psychology'', 76 (1970), 396-402.</ref>

===Educational indoctrination===
As part of the liberal ideology in modern [[education]], and as a result of psychological tactics used by homosexual [[activist]]s, schools have increasingly fostered the promotion, While church that caused the issue condemn homosexuality, whether as part of official policy through homosexual activists working with or in schools. As a form of indoctrination which begins at the kindergarten level, homosexuality is treated as healthy and normal, with students at very impressionable ages sometimes being influenced to experiment with homosexual behavior. This is often done under the rubric of [[HIV]] instruction of preventing [[suicide]] by homosexuals, and preventing ''[[homophobia]]''. <ref>[http://www.cwfa.org/articles/12546/MEDIA/family/index.htm CWA: School Tells Kids to Hide Pro-‘Gay’ Propaganda From Parents], Concerned Women for America, 3/13/2007</ref><ref>[http://www.missionamerica.com/agenda.php Fighting the Gay Agenda in Schools Articles], Mission America</ref><ref>[http://www.chroniclewatch.com/2009/06/17/indoctrination-of-youth/ Roberto Santiago, The Indoctrination of our Youth],The Chronicle Watch, June 17, 2009</ref><ref>[http://www.missionamerica.com/oldagenda26.php GLSEN, Corruption and Crime], Mission America</ref> <ref>[http://www.wnd.com/index.php?fa=PAGE.view&pageId=127050 'Hate' laws could label 5-year-olds 'offenders'] WorldNetDaily, March 05, 2010</ref><ref>[http://www.wnd.com/index.php?fa=PAGE.view&pageId=126233 'Czar' sees transgender school goals in reach], WorldNetDaily, February 25, 2010</ref><ref>[http://www.wnd.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=54683 District gags 14-year-olds after 'gay' indoctrination], WorldNetDaily, March 13, 2007</ref>

==Biological research on the causes of homosexuality ==

''For more information please see:'' [[Genetics, Homosexuality, Evolutionary Paradigm, and Creation Science]] and [[Homosexuality and Genetics]].

The belief that homosexuality has a biological cause can be traced back to the preliminary findings of neuroscientist Dr. Simon LeVay. In 1991 LeVay's studied the brains of 41 cadavers which included 19 homosexual males, and claimed that "a tiny area believed to control sexual activity [the hypothalamus] was less than half the size in the gay men than in the heterosexuals."<ref>Charlene Crabb, ''Are Some Men Born to Be Homosexual?'', U. S. News & World Report, 9 September 1991, p. 58</ref><ref>S. LeVay, "A Difference in Hypothalamic Structure Between heterosexual and Homosexual Men," Science 253 (1991), pp. 1034-37</ref> This study was immediately seized upon by many as proof that homosexuality was biologically determined.

However, further scrutiny showed this hasty conclusion as lacking in warrant.

*1. The range of sizes of the hypothalamic region varied and was inconsistent. The region at subject was the same size in a few homosexual men as that of the heterosexuals, while in a few other heterosexuals this region was a small as that of a homosexual.
*2. The fact that all 19 of the homosexual men had died of [[AIDS]] could easily have accounted for or contributed to the differences.
*3. It has not been determined if the smaller hypothalamuses were the cause rather than the effect of homosexual activity. "Researchers have found that when people who become blind begin to learn Braille, the area of the brain controlling the reading finger actual grows larger."<ref>Reported in D. Gelman "Born or Bred?" Newsweek, 24 February 1992, pp. 46-53</ref><ref>http://www.leaderu.com/orgs/probe/docs/homotheo.html</ref>
*4. Levay's study was based study was based upon a supposed sexual functional correlation between the SDN-POA brain center in male rats and a brain center called INAH3 in humans, but which assumption was shown to be false.<ref>http://www.biblebelievers.com/Cameron4.html</ref>
*5. The sexual history of the "heterosexual" men was not known, and Levay's samples included 16 brains from men whose sexual orientation was unknown.<ref>[http://www.equip.org/PDF/DH055-1.pdf Joseph P. Gudel, ''HOMOSEXUALITY: Fact and Fiction'']</ref>
*6. And as William Byne noted, LeVay’s work "has not been replicated, and human neuroanatomical studies of this kind have a very poor track record for reproducibility. Indeed, procedures similar to those LeVay used to identify nuclei have previously led researchers astray".<ref>Byne, William (1994), “The Biological Evidence Challenged,” Scientific American, May, 1994, 270: p. 53</ref>.
*7. The conclusions were that which were sought by the researcher. Dr. LeVay, a homosexual himself, confessed that his study was not entirely a dispassionate scientific endeavor,<ref>Simon LeVay on The Phil Donahue Show, ''Genetically Gay: Born Gay or Become Gay?'', January 3, 1992</ref> He also later stated, "I did not prove that homosexuality is genetic, or find a genetic cause for being gay."<ref>Byrd, A. Dean, Shirley E. Cox, and Jeffrey W. Robinson (2001), ''Homosexuality: The Innate-Immutability Argument Finds No Basis in Science'', The Salt Lake Tribune</ref><ref>http://www.sltrib.com/2001/may/05272001/commenta/100523.htm</ref>

Two prominent geneticists, Paul Billings and Jonathan Beckwith, commenting on the quality of the LeVay research, stated that LeVay, "could not really be certain about his subject's sexual preferences, since they were dead", and that his "research design and subject sample did not allow others to determine whether it was sexual behavior, drug use, or disease history that was correlated with the observed differences among the subjects' brains." And in addition, it was very likely that LeVay's method of defining homosexuality would "create inaccurate or inconsistent study groups." <ref>P. Billings and J. Beckwith, "Born Gay?" Technology Review, July 1993, p. 60,61</ref>

Another study, published in ''Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the United States of America'', examined the ''anterior commissure'' (a structure that divides the left and right halves of the brain) of male heterosexuals and homosexual men, most of whom died of AIDS. The study shows that the anterior commissure was larger in women and in 27 of the 30 homosexual men than in heterosexual men.<ref>L. Allen, et al., ''Sexual Orientation and the Size of the Anterior Commissure in the Human Brain,'' Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the United States of America 89, no. 15 (1992), pp. 7199-7202</ref>.

Here again, how AIDS might have factored in this difference is an issue, and the findings of this study were overall in contradiction to another study published in 1988, which found, in part, that the anterior commissure was larger in men than in women.<ref>S. Demeter et al., "Morphometric analysis of the human corpus callosum and anterior commissure," Human Neurobiology 6 1988), pp. 219-26</ref>

A 1991 study of twins by Michael Bailey and Richard Pillard was also promoted as establishing biological determination of homosexuality, but which conclusion was also soon found to be lacking in warrant, and contrary to other studies.<ref>http://www.leaderu.com/orgs/probe/docs/homotheo.html</ref><ref>[http://www.biblebelievers.com/Cameron4.html Dr. Paul Cameron, ''Born WHAT Way?'']</ref>

That blood chemistry as well as brains can change over time in response to environment and lifestyle has been documented by studies.<ref>http://www.leaderu.com/orgs/narth/bioresearch.html</ref><ref>Dr. Jeffrey Satinover, ''The Biology of Homosexuality: Science or Politics?''</ref><ref>http://www.leaderu.com/orgs/narth/bioresearch.html</ref>
[[File:Richard Dawkins pic.jpg|alt=Richard Dawkins|thumbnail|260px|right|The [[atheist]] [[Richard Dawkins]] speculates that a "gay gene" causes homosexuality, but science has not discovered such a gene.<ref>[http://anglicansamizdat.wordpress.com/2010/04/26/richard-dawkins-explains-how-the-gay-gene-was-preserved/ Richard Dawkins speculates that gene for homosexuality exists]</ref> ]]

=== Causes of homosexuality and origins paradigms ===

In 1993, Professor [[Miron Baron]], M.D., the renowned medical researcher and Professor at [[Columbia University]], wrote in [[BMJ]] (British Medical Journal) that there is a conflict relative to the theory of [[evolution]] and the notion of [[gene|genetic]] [[determinism]] concerning [[homosexuality]]. Dr. Baron wrote "...from an evolutionary perspective, [[homosexuality and genetics|genetically determined homosexuality]] would have become [[extinct]] long ago because of reduced reproduction."<ref>[http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1678219 BMJ. 1993 August 7; 307(6900): 337–338.]</ref> In the United States, [[Theory of evolution and liberalism|liberals are more likely to believe in the theory of evolution]].<ref>http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2005/10/22/opinion/polls/main965223.shtml</ref> Also, in the United States, twice as many liberals as conservatives (46% versus 22%) believe people are born homosexual and [[Views on Homosexuality|liberals generally have more favorable opinions about homosexuality]].<ref>http://people-press.org/report/?pageid=764</ref> Given Dr. [[Miron Baron]]'s commentary about homosexuality, many American Christians are inconsistent on the issues of Jesus and homosexuality.

==Conclusions==

Sociologist Steven Goldberg, Ph.D. states,
<blockquote>
Virtually all of the evidence argues against there being a determinative physiological causal factor and I know of no researcher who believes that such a determinative factor exists...such factors play a predisposing, not a determinative role...I know of no one in the field who argues that homosexuality can be explained without reference to environmental factors.
</blockquote>

Goldberg also expressed, "Gay criticism has not addressed the classic family configuration"; it has merely "asserted away the considerable evidence" for the existence of family factors. Studies which attempt to disprove the existence of the classic family pattern in homosexuality are "convincing only to those with a need to believe." <ref>S. Goldberg, ''When Wish Replaces Thought: Why So Much of What You Believe is False'' (1994), Buffalo, New York: Prometheus Books</ref>

Psychiatrists Friedman and Downey: "Despite recent neurobiological findings suggesting homosexuality is genetically-biologically determined, credible evidence is lacking for a biological model of homosexuality." <ref>R. Friedman, M.D. and J. Downey, M.D., ''Journal of Neuropsychiatry'', vol. 5, No. 2, Spring l993</ref>

Psychiatrist and author Jeffrey Satinover, M.D. concludes,
<blockquote>
Like all complex behavioral and mental states, homosexuality is...neither exclusively biological nor exclusively psychological, but results from an as-yet-difficult-to-quantitate mixture of genetic factors, intrauterine influences...postnatal environment (such as parent, sibling and cultural behavior), and a complex series of repeatedly reinforced choices occurring at critical phases of development.<ref>J. Satinover, M.D., ''Homosexuality and the Politics of Truth'', (1996). Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books</ref></blockquote>

Drs. William Byne and Bruce Parsons, researchers at the New York State Psychiatric Institute,having carefully analyzed all the major biological studies of homosexuality, found none that definitively supported a biological theory of causation. "Human Sexual Orientation: The Biologic Theories Reappraised." Archives of General Psychiatry 50, no.3. (1993)

Other similarly express that nurture and choice factor as being mostly or wholly determinative.<ref>[http://www.leaderu.com/orgs/narth/homorig.html On the Origins of Homosexuality:
Is a Person "Born that Way"?]</ref>

===Indications of onset homosexuality===

Childhood manifestations of gender non-conformity such as consistent preference by a boy for the clothing, company and play things (dolls, etc.) of girls over that of boys is generally seen as predisposing such to homosexuality.<ref>Stanton L. Jones, Mark A. Yarhouse, ''Homosexuality: the use of scientific research in the church's moral debate'', pp. 52-92</ref>

==Homosexuality as a choice==
The Bible shows that while nurture and environment can make one more predisposed to certain types of behavior, man's '''love for god''' can also deceive one into believing that sinful behaviors are not sin, while yielding to sin reduces ones ability to resist it. Secular studies also indicate that most homosexuals have been attracted to the opposite gender.

A research project (2004) of Robert Goetze identified 84 articles or books that contain some relevance to the possibility of sexual orientation change. Of the data reported, 31 of the 84 studies showed a quantitative outcome of individuals able to change sexual orientation.<ref>http://www.apologeticspress.org/articles/2553</ref>

===Former homosexuals===
[[Image:St Paul Preaching.jpg|left|thumb|200px|St. [[Paul]] defends his preaching (Giovanni Ricco)]]
''For more information please see'': [[Ex-Homosexuals]] and [[Overcoming Homosexuality]]

One of the earliest historical records of the existence of [[Ex-Homosexuals|ex-homosexuals]] is found in the letter of the [[Paul|Apostle Paul]] to the [[Corinth|Corinthian]] [[Christianity|Christian]] church (approx. 59 AD).
{{cquote|Know ye not that the unrighteous shall not inherit the [[Kingdom of God|kingdom of God]]? Be not deceived: neither fornicators, nor idolaters, nor adulterers, nor effeminate, nor abusers of themselves with mankind, Nor thieves, nor covetous, nor drunkards, nor revilers, nor extortioners, shall inherit the kingdom of God. And such '''were''' some of you: but ye are washed, but ye are sanctified, but ye are justified in the name of the Lord Jesus, and by the [[Holy Spirit|Spirit]] of our [[God]]. - I Corinthians 6:9-11 (KJV)}}

Today people still report leaving homosexuality and becoming heterosexual by being born again through repentance and faith in the Lord [[Jesus Christ]].<ref>http://www.wnd.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=56481</ref><ref>http://www.bpnews.net/bpnews.asp?ID=19650</ref><ref>http://www.cwfa.org/articles/4216/CFI/cfreport/index.htm</ref><ref>http://www.bpnews.net/bpnews.aspid=25145</ref><ref>http://www.witnessfortheworld.org/blkexgbks.html</ref> <ref>http://www.frontlinemin.org/wasgay.asp</ref><ref>http://www.charismamag.com/display.php?id=9019</ref><ref>http://www.apocalipsis.org/testimony.htm</ref><ref>http://www.baylor.edu/lariat/news.php?action=story&story=13784</ref>

[[Peter LaBarbera]] is the President of [[Americans for Truth]] which is a organization which counters the [[Homosexual Agenda|homosexual agenda]]. Peter LaBarbera stated the following regarding Christian ex-homosexuals who reported being transformed by the power of God:
{{cquote|Another factor from my experience as a close observer of the “ex-gay” phenomenon is that many former homosexuals do not linger in “[[Reparative Therapy|reparative therapy]]” programs, or participate in them at all. They attribute their dramatic and (relatively) rapid transformation to the power of God, and likely would not show up in a study of this kind. In fact, these “unstudied” overcomers would appear to be the most successful ex-homosexuals because they’ve moved on with their lives — as “reborn” Christians can move on after overcoming any besetting sin.<ref>http://www.americansfortruth.com/news/landmark-study-change-for-homosexuals-is-possible.html</ref>}}

==Additional sources concerning the causes of homosexuality ==

There has been much work done since the latter part of the 20th century. Below are some resources in regards to the various causes of homosexuality:

*[[Religious Upbringing and Culture Affects Rates of Homosexuality]]
*[[Sexual Abuse Being a Contributing Factor for Homosexuality]]
*[[Homosexuality and Choice]]
*[[Homosexuality and Genetics]]
*[[Homosexuality in animals myth]]
*[[Genetics, Homosexuality, Evolutionary Paradigm, and Creation Science]]

==See Also==
*[[Resources on becoming a Christian]]
* [[Homosexuality and the Bible]]
*[[Homosexuality and biblical interpretation]]
*[[Homosexuality and bestiality]]
*[[Ex-Homosexuals]]
*[[Teenager Homosexuality]]
*[[Homosexuality Research]]
*[[Homosexuality Statistics]]

==External Links==
*[http://www.allaboutworldview.org/causes-of-homosexuality-faq.htm What are some of the causes of homosexuality?]
*[http://ankerberg.org/Articles/_PDFArchives/streams-of-life/SL2W0803.pdf What Causes Homosexuality] by Dr. John F. Ankerberg
* [http://www.godandscience.org/evolution/genetics_of_homosexuality.html Rich Deem, ''Genetics and Homosexuality: Are People Born Gay? The Biological Basis for Sexual Orientation]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{homosexualityb}}

[[Category:Homosexuality]]
[[Category:Psychology]]
[[Category:Sociology]]