Conservapedia - User contributions [en]

Speciation

2009-12-14T04:36:56Z

Heathamc: /* Allopatric speciation */

'''Speciation''' is a hypothetical process by which new species arise. In fact, speciation has never been observed directly or indirectly. An atheist believes in speciation regardless of the evidence, because it serves as his substitute for the existence of God.

Evolutionists, typically atheists, insist that speciation should occur when gene-flow stops between two sub-populations due to geographic or behavioral isolation. During such isolation the gene pool of each sub-population reacts differently to the processes of [[natural selection]] and [[genetic drift]] and such evolve divergently. If this evolutionary divergence becomes great enough that crosses between individuals from different sub-populations can no longer produce viable offspring each sub-population is considered to be a new species and speciation is said to have occurred.

==Species==
A [[species]] is:

<blockquote>
"a group of [[organism]]s, with similar morphological, physiological, biochemical and behavioral features, which can interbreed to produce fertile offspring, and are reproductively isolated from other species." - Jones M. & Gregory J., Biology 2, 2001, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-79714-4<ref>Biology 2, Jones M. & Gregory J., 2001, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-79714-4</ref>
</blockquote>

;morphological features
:structural features, such as anatomy
;physiological features
:how the body functions
;biochemical features
:sequence of [[base]]s in [[DNA]]
:sequence of [[amino acid]]s in [[protein]]s

For example, all donkeys look alike, have similar physiology and biochemistry and the same genome. Donkeys can successfully interbreed with other donkeys to produce more fertile donkeys. Donkeys can interbreed with a similar species; horses. However, the offspring (called mules) are infertile and cannot reproduce with each other. Therefore donkeys and horses are separate species.

Unfortunately the interbreeding test is often difficult to carry out, especially if the organisms being investigated are rare, take a long time to reproduce or do not breed in captivity.

==Modes of Speciation==
The process of speciation can be conveniently broken into four separate 'modes' of speciation ( allopatric, peripatric, and sympatric) that differ in the degree of geographical isolation between diverging species. Some authors also propose other names for modes of speciation or argue that all speciation events should considered to occur somewhere in a continuum from no geographical isolation to complete geographical isolation.

=== Allopatric speciation===
'''Allopatric speciation''' occurs due to geographical isolation. This is supported by the fact that many islands have their own unique group of species, for example the separation of the [[Galapagos]] islands from the mainland Americas.

Geographical isolation can occur due to many factors, such as:
*Large bodies of water.
*[[Plate tectonics|Continental Drift]]
*Deforestation.
*Mountainous areas.
*Smaller-scale barriers for small or immobile organisms.

The individuals in the separated area are exposed to different selection pressures than the rest of their species and, over time, their morphology, physiology and biochemistry change significantly so that they are now unable to produce fertile offspring when interbred with the original population.

An excellent example of Allopatric speciation occurring within our lifetime and within the borders of the United States would be the Ensantina Salamander ((Ensatina eschscholtzi)). A lung less salamander native to the pacific coast from British Columbia, Canada to Southern California this amphibian originates from a single population and all subspecies are able to interbreed as the population moves from North to South or South to North depending on your vantage point. The interesting point is that there is a black zone, a meeting point near ((Mount Palomar)) outside of San Diego, California. This black zone is an area where the daughter population meets the parent population and through the processes of natural selection the genetic differences between the two populations are so great that the subsequent species can no longer interbreed. This is in fact an example of speciation through natural selection and it can be said that the Ensantina Salamander is in fact living proof of Darwinian Evolution.
DNA and enzymatic evidence is currently being investigated to determine the point at which the two species of this amphibian should be delineated.

===Peripatric Speciation===
'''Peripatric speciation''' occurs when a population is divided into a 'main population' smaller, peripheral isolate which is to some degree separated from the main population. [[Ernst Mayr]] was the first to propose that peripheral populations my play an important role in speciation and this idea gels well with his ideas about [[genetic revolutions]] and the [[founder effect]]

===Sympatric speciation===

In '''sympatric speciation''' reproductive isolation is achieved by newly diverging species without any geographic barriers to gene flow. Sympatric speciation is certainly the most controversial of the proposed methods with most biologists thinking it plays a minor role and many even questioning if it occurs at all. In recent years examples have of sympatric speciation occruring by host shifting by insects and differences in flowering time in palms have been presented as strong evidence that multiple species of cichlid fish may have arisen without geographical barriers to gene flow in crater lakes.

The commonest method of sympatric speciation is probably '''[[polyploidy]]'''. Polyploids contain more than two complete sets of chromosomes in each cell. This can occur if there is an error in [[meiosis]] (production of gametes) so that a gamete ends up with two copies of each set of chromosomes instead of one copy. Two of these gametes may fuse to produce an organism that has four sets of each chromosome in their cells, called a '''tetraploid''' organism.

Tetraploids are usually sterile as four pairs of chromosomes attempt to pair up in meiosis (instead of the usual two pairs) and get muddled. Nevertheless, such organisms my be able to reproduce [[asexually]] as [[mitosis]] is not impaired. This is a fairly common occurrence in plants but particularly rare in animals as most do not naturally reproduce asexually.

Occasionally a tetraploid plant can produce gametes, but they will be diploid. Zygotes produced by these gametes fusing with a gamete from a normal, diploid, plant will be '''triploid''' (contain three pairs of each chromosome). Triploids can grow successfully but will be sterile as three sets of chromosomes cannot be shared equally between two daughter cells. As this triploid plant will not be able to reproduce successfully with its parent, tetraploid, plant it is a ''new species''.

Polyploids where their chromosomes originate only from one species are called '''autopolyploids''' ('auto' meaning 'self'). If a polyploid contains chromosomes from two, closely related, species then it is an '''allopolyploid''' ('allo' meaning 'different'). Meiosis occurs easier in allopolyploids than autoployploids as the chromosome pairs from each species seek to pair up together. Allopolyploids may well be fertile. Even so, allopolypoloids will ''not'' be able to interbreed with their parent species and is a new species.

====Example of sympatric speciation through allopolyploidy====
''Spartina anglica'' is a cord grass that grows vigorously in British salt marshes. Before 1830 the species of ''Spartina'' that grew in such marshes was ''S. maritima'' but in 1829 ''S. alterniflora'' was imported to the regions from America. ''S. maritima'' and ''S. alterniflora'' hybridised to produce a new species, ''S. townsendii'', a diploid plant with a set of chromosomes form each of ''S maritima'' and ''S. alterniflora''. As the two sets of chromosomes from ''S. townsendii'''s parents cannot pair up, meiosis cannot occur and ''S. townsendii'' is sterile. However, ''S. townsendii'' can rapidly reproduce asexually via [[rhizomes]].

At a later time a faulty cycle of mitosis, or the fusion of two diploid gametes from ''S. townsendii'', produced a tetraploid plant. This new species, ''S. angelica'', is an allopolyploid as two pairs of chromosomes came from ''S. maritima'' and two from ''S. alterniflora''. Meiosis can now occur and ''S. angelica'' is fertile and grows so vigorously that it has practically replaced the other three species of ''Spartina'' in England.

==Cospeciation==
Cospeciation happens when the association between two species is very close, that they may speciate in parallel. This is especially likely to happen between parasites and their hosts.

Often this type of speciation is found in symbiotic organisms.

Rarely do scientists find hosts and parasites with exactly matching phylogenies. However, sometimes the phylogenies indicate that cospeciation did happen along with some host-switching.

===Examples of Cospeciation===
:*Cospeciation between bacterial endosymbionts. <ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=10937228</ref>
:*Host-Symbiont Cospeciation. <ref>http://biology.plosjournals.org/perlserv/?request=get-document&doi=10.1371/journal.pbio.0040337</ref>
:*Cospeciation, and Host Switching in Avian Malaria Parasites. <ref>http://striweb.si.edu/publications/PDFs/Bermingham,%20Avian%20malaria%20SysBio04.pdf</ref>

==Speciation and Evolution==
Sometimes speciation is described as "evolution in action." While this description is essentially correct, speciation does not prove the general theory of evolution, specifically, universal common descent.

Creationists assert that many species may exist in a [[Baraminology|created kind]] due to diversification, and that speciation is expected in a creation model as well as the evolutionary model.

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Biology]]

Animal

2009-12-12T21:42:06Z

Heathamc: /* Biblical origin of animals */

{{Taxonomy
|image=Vulpes vulpes.jpg
|kingdom=Animalia}}
An '''animal''' is any creature which is a member of the [[Animalia]] kingdom. Animals must eat [[plant]]s or other organisms to survive. The plants are called "producers" and the animals are "consumers". Scientists call consumers [[heterotroph]]s. Animals have complex [[eukaryotic cell]]s, unlike bacteria which have much simpler [[prokaryote|prokaryotic]] cells. Animal cells do not have [[cell wall]]s, only structural [[protein]]s in the [[cell membrane]]; this allows the animal cell a certain amount of flexibility.

The simplest of all animals are [[sponge]]s, which do not move. Sponges have different cells for different tasks, but these cells are not organized further into [[tissue]]s or [[organ]]s. Sponges also do not exhibit [[symmetry]], unlike all other animals.

The next simplest animals comprise a single species, which fall somewhere between sponges and all other animals. This species, ''Trichoplax adhaerans'', is very small, yet has cells organized into different kinds of tissues, though it does not have organs. This is an improvement on the sponge body plan.

True Animals are grouped into a sub-kingdom called Eumetazoa. All True Animals have tissues and organs, except for one type called Myxozoa. These have regressed to a single-celled form.

The simplest eumetazons are the Radiata, a loose group that includes jellyfish, corals, and comb jellies. Most of them belong in the phylum Cnidaria, except for the comb jellies, which comprise the phylum Ctenophora. Radiatans have what is called radial symmetry, where they can be divided into two even halves in many planes, like a wheel or a circle. All cnidarians have special cells called cnidocytes, which produce the sting. Comb jellies have no such cells and are harmless to humans.

==Biblical origin of animals==
The Book of [[Genesis]] specifies both when and why [[God]] created animals. The "when" is found in the following passage from Genesis ch. 1, which states that God created aquatic creatures and birds on the fifth day and that on the sixth day He created land animals and then man:
{{Bible quote|And God said, Let the waters bring forth abundantly the moving creature that hath life, and fowl [that] may fly above the earth in the open firmament of heaven. And God created great whales, and every living creature that moveth, which the waters brought forth abundantly, after their kind, and every winged fowl after his kind: and God saw that [it was] good. And God blessed them, saying, Be fruitful, and multiply, and fill the waters in the seas, and let fowl multiply in the earth. And the evening and the morning were the fifth day. And God said, Let the earth bring forth the living creature after his kind, cattle, and creeping thing, and beast of the earth after his kind: and it was so. And God made the beast of the earth after his kind, and cattle after their kind, and every thing that creepeth upon the earth after his kind: and God saw that [it was] good. And God said, Let us make man in our image, after our likeness: and let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth. So God created man in his [own] image, in the image of God created he him; male and female created he them. And God blessed them, and God said unto them, Be fruitful, and multiply, and replenish the earth, and subdue it: and have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over every living thing that moveth upon the earth.|book=Genesis|chap=1|verses=20-28|version=KJV}}
The "why" is found in the following passage from Genesis ch. 2, which states that after God had created man, He created land animals and [[birds]] in an attempt (ultimately unsuccessful) to provide one of the animals as a help mate for [[man]]. In the second chapter of Genesis the alternate creation myth offered then has God creating [[Woman]] only after He did not find a helpful mate for man in all the animals. This is different from the first chapter in which the animals were created first and then [[Man]] and [[Woman]] were both created on the same day:
{{Bible quote|And the LORD God said, [It is] not good that the man should be alone; I will make him an help meet for him. And out of the ground the LORD God formed every beast of the field, and every fowl of the air; and brought [them] unto Adam to see what he would call them: and whatsoever Adam called every living creature, that [was] the name thereof. And Adam gave names to all cattle, and to the fowl of the air, and to every beast of the field; but for Adam there was not found an help meet for him.|book=Genesis|chap=2|verses=18-20|version=KJV}}

==External Links==
*[http://www.aim.org/wls/category/animals/ What Liberals Say - Category: Animals], [[Accuracy In Media]]

[[Category:Animals]]

Animal

2009-12-12T21:40:49Z

Heathamc: /* Biblical origin of animals */

{{Taxonomy
|image=Vulpes vulpes.jpg
|kingdom=Animalia}}
An '''animal''' is any creature which is a member of the [[Animalia]] kingdom. Animals must eat [[plant]]s or other organisms to survive. The plants are called "producers" and the animals are "consumers". Scientists call consumers [[heterotroph]]s. Animals have complex [[eukaryotic cell]]s, unlike bacteria which have much simpler [[prokaryote|prokaryotic]] cells. Animal cells do not have [[cell wall]]s, only structural [[protein]]s in the [[cell membrane]]; this allows the animal cell a certain amount of flexibility.

The simplest of all animals are [[sponge]]s, which do not move. Sponges have different cells for different tasks, but these cells are not organized further into [[tissue]]s or [[organ]]s. Sponges also do not exhibit [[symmetry]], unlike all other animals.

The next simplest animals comprise a single species, which fall somewhere between sponges and all other animals. This species, ''Trichoplax adhaerans'', is very small, yet has cells organized into different kinds of tissues, though it does not have organs. This is an improvement on the sponge body plan.

True Animals are grouped into a sub-kingdom called Eumetazoa. All True Animals have tissues and organs, except for one type called Myxozoa. These have regressed to a single-celled form.

The simplest eumetazons are the Radiata, a loose group that includes jellyfish, corals, and comb jellies. Most of them belong in the phylum Cnidaria, except for the comb jellies, which comprise the phylum Ctenophora. Radiatans have what is called radial symmetry, where they can be divided into two even halves in many planes, like a wheel or a circle. All cnidarians have special cells called cnidocytes, which produce the sting. Comb jellies have no such cells and are harmless to humans.

==Biblical origin of animals==
The Book of [[Genesis]] specifies both when and why [[God]] created animals. The "when" is found in the following passage from Genesis ch. 1, which states that God created aquatic creatures and birds on the fifth day and that on the sixth day He created land animals and then man:
{{Bible quote|And God said, Let the waters bring forth abundantly the moving creature that hath life, and fowl [that] may fly above the earth in the open firmament of heaven. And God created great whales, and every living creature that moveth, which the waters brought forth abundantly, after their kind, and every winged fowl after his kind: and God saw that [it was] good. And God blessed them, saying, Be fruitful, and multiply, and fill the waters in the seas, and let fowl multiply in the earth. And the evening and the morning were the fifth day. And God said, Let the earth bring forth the living creature after his kind, cattle, and creeping thing, and beast of the earth after his kind: and it was so. And God made the beast of the earth after his kind, and cattle after their kind, and every thing that creepeth upon the earth after his kind: and God saw that [it was] good. And God said, Let us make man in our image, after our likeness: and let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth. So God created man in his [own] image, in the image of God created he him; male and female created he them. And God blessed them, and God said unto them, Be fruitful, and multiply, and replenish the earth, and subdue it: and have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over every living thing that moveth upon the earth.|book=Genesis|chap=1|verses=20-28|version=KJV}}
The "why" is found in the following passage from Genesis ch. 2, which states that after God had created man, He created land animals and [[birds]] in an attempt (ultimately unsuccessful) to provide one of the animals as a help mate for [[man]]. In the second chapter of Genesis the alternate creation myth offered ten has God creating [[Woman]] after not finding a helpful mate in all the animals. This is different from the first chapter in which the animals were created first and then [[Man]] and [[Woman]] were both created on the same day:
{{Bible quote|And the LORD God said, [It is] not good that the man should be alone; I will make him an help meet for him. And out of the ground the LORD God formed every beast of the field, and every fowl of the air; and brought [them] unto Adam to see what he would call them: and whatsoever Adam called every living creature, that [was] the name thereof. And Adam gave names to all cattle, and to the fowl of the air, and to every beast of the field; but for Adam there was not found an help meet for him.|book=Genesis|chap=2|verses=18-20|version=KJV}}

==External Links==
*[http://www.aim.org/wls/category/animals/ What Liberals Say - Category: Animals], [[Accuracy In Media]]

[[Category:Animals]]

Conservative Bible Project

2009-12-12T21:03:32Z

Heathamc: /* Building on the King James Version */

[[File:BIBLE.jpg|right]]{{ConservativeBible}}

The '''Conservative Bible Project''' is a project to render God's word into modern [[English]] while removing [[liberal]] distortions. Beginners can pick any verse, type its citation into [http://www.blueletterbible.org/], click on "<small>SHOW STRONG'S</small>" at the top right to obtain the Greek, and then make an edit here for all to review.

[[Liberal]] [[bias]] has become the single biggest distortion in modern [[Bible]] translations. There are three sources of errors in conveying biblical meaning are, in increasing amount:

*lack of precision in the original language, such as terms underdeveloped to convey new concepts introduced by Christ
*lack of precision in modern language
*translation bias in converting the original language to the modern one.

Experts in ancient languages are helpful in reducing the first type of error above, which is a vanishing source of error as scholarship advances understanding. English language linguists are helpful in reducing the second type of error, which also decreases due to an increasing vocabulary. '''But the third -- and largest -- source of translation error requires conservative principles to reduce and eliminate'''.<ref>The committee in charge of updating the bestselling version, the [[NIV]], is dominated by professors and higher-educated participants who can be expected to be [[liberal]] and [[feminist]] in outlook. As a result, the revision and replacement of the [[NIV]] will be influenced more by [[political correctness]] and other [[liberal]] distortions than by genuine examination of the oldest manuscripts. As a result of these political influences, it becomes desirable to develop a [[conservative]] translation that can serve, at a minimum, as a bulwark against the liberal manipulation of meaning in future versions.</ref>

As of 2009, there is no fully conservative translation of the [[Bible]] which satisfies the following ten guidelines:<ref>Additional less important guidelines include (1) adherence to a concise and dignifying style, such as use of "who" rather than "that" when referring to people and also use glorifying language for the remarkable achievements and (2) recognizing that Christianity introduced powerful new concepts that even the Greek and Hebrew were inadequate to express, but modern conservative language can express well.</ref>

:# '''Framework against Liberal Bias''': providing a strong framework that enables a thought-for-thought translation without corruption by liberal bias
:# '''Not Emasculated''': avoiding unisex, "gender inclusive" language, and other feminist distortions; preserve many references to the unborn child (the [[NIV]] deletes these)
:# '''Not Dumbed Down''': not dumbing down the reading level, or diluting the intellectual force and logic of Christianity; the [[NIV]] is written at only the 7th grade level<ref>The [[NIV]] has supplanted the [[KJV]] in popularity.</ref>
:#'''Utilize Powerful Conservative Terms''': using powerful new [[Essay:Best New Conservative Terms|conservative terms]] to capture better the original intent;<ref>For example, in 1611 the [[conservative]] concept of "accountability" had not yet developed, and the [[King James Version]] does not use "accountable to God" in translating Romans 3:19; good modern translations do.</ref> Defective translations use the word "comrade" three times as often as "volunteer"; similarly, updating words that have a change in meaning, such as "word", "peace", and "miracle".
:# '''Combat Harmful Addiction''': combating addiction<ref>See [[Bible on Addiction]].</ref> by using modern terms for it, such as "gamble" rather than "cast lots";<ref>For example, the [[English Standard Version]] (2001) does not use the word "gamble" anywhere in translating numerous references to the concept in the [[Bible]].</ref> using modern political terms, such as "register" rather than "enroll" for the census
:# '''Accept the Logic of Hell''': applying logic with its full force and effect, as in not denying or downplaying the very real existence of [[Hell]] or the [[Devil]].
:# '''Express Free Market Parables'''; explaining the numerous economic parables with their full free-market meaning
:# '''Exclude Later-Inserted Inauthentic Passages''': excluding the interpolated passages that liberals commonly put their own spin on, such as the [[adulteress story]]
:# '''Credit Open-Mindedness of Disciples''': crediting [[Essay:Quantifying Openmindedness|open-mindedness]], often found in youngsters like the eyewitnesses Mark and John, the authors of two of the Gospels
:# '''Prefer Conciseness over Liberal Wordiness''': preferring conciseness to the liberal style of high word-to-substance ratio; avoid compound negatives and unnecessary ambiguities; prefer concise, consistent use of the word "Lord" rather than "Jehovah" or "Yahweh" or "Lord God."

Thus, a project has begun among members of [[Conservapedia]] to translate the Bible in accordance with these principles. The translated Bible can be found [[Conservative Bible|here]].

Benefits include:

*mastery of the Bible, which is priceless
*mastery of the English language, which is valuable
*thorough understanding of the differences in Bible translations, particularly the historically important [[King James Version]]
*benefiting from activity that no [[public school]] would ever allow; a Conservative Bible could become a text for public school courses
*liberals will oppose this effort, but they will have to read the Bible to criticize this, and that will open their minds
*this project has a unifying effect on various [[Christian]] denominations, and serves as an important counterweight to liberal efforts to divide conservative candidates based on religion

How long would this project take? There are about 8000 verses in the [[New Testament]]. At a careful rate of translating about four verses an hour, it would take one person 2000 hours, or about one year working full time on the project.

== Possible Approaches ==

Here are possible approaches to creating a conservative Bible translation:

*identify pro-liberal terms used in existing Bible translations, such as "government", and suggest more accurate substitutes
*identify the omission of liberal terms for vices, such as "gambling", and identify where they should be used
*identify conservative terms that are omitted from existing translations, and propose where they could improve the translation
*identify terms that have lost their original meaning, such as "word" in the beginning of the [[Gospel of John]], and suggest replacements, such as "truth"

An existing translation might license its version for improvement by the above approaches, much as several modern translations today are built on prior translations. Alternatively, a more ambitious approach would be to start anew from the best available ancient transcripts.

In stage one, the translation could focus on word improvement and thereby be described as a "conservative word-for-word" translation. If greater freedom in interpretation is then desired, then a "conservative thought-for-thought" version could be generated as a second stage.

== Building on the [[King James Version]] ==

In the [[United States]] and much of the world, the immensely popular and respected [[King James Version]] (KJV) is freely available and in the [[public domain]]. It could be used as the baseline for developing a conservative translation without requiring a license or any fees. Where the KJV is known to be deficient due to discovery of more authentic sources, exceptions can be made that use either more modern [[public domain]] translations as a baseline, or by using the original Greek or Hebrew.

There are several groups of Christians who are expressing the view that such an editing of the work of God is unnecessary and wrong. They would argue that if God were not in a position to protect His written work from liberal bias He is not a God worth following. The point is not that God allowed His book to be altered but that in giving us free will we have been allowed to have different versions of the bible. Our goal will be to create a Bible closer to the original and more in tune with our worldview.

There are 66 books in the [[KJV]], comprised of 1,189 chapters, 31,102 verses, and 788,280 words.<ref>http://www.biblebelievers.com/believers-org/kjv-stats.html</ref> The project could begin with translation of the [[New Testament]], which is only 27 books, 260 chapters, 7,957 verses, and
less than 200,000 words.

Retranslation at rate of 20 verses a day would complete the entire [[New Testament]] in about a year. With 5 good retranslators, that would be an average of only 4 verses a day per translator. At a faster rate of 20 verses per day by 5 good translators, the entire [[New Testament]] could be retranslated in less than 3 months.

== First Example - Liberal-Promoted Falsehood ==

The earliest, most authentic manuscripts of the Gospel According to Luke lack this verse fragment set forth at the start of Luke 23:34:<ref>[http://www.blueletterbible.org/Bible.cfm?b=Luk&c=23&v=34&t=NIV#34 Quoted] here from the [[NIV]].</ref>

:Jesus said, "Father, forgive them, for they do not know what they are doing."

Is this a corruption of the original, perhaps promoted by [[liberal]]s without regard to its authenticity? This does not appear in any other Gospel, and the simple fact is that some of the persecutors of Jesus '''''did''''' know what they were doing. This quotation is a favorite of liberals, although it does not appear in the earliest and best manuscripts of the Gospel of Luke. It should not appear in a [[conservative]] Bible, because in point of fact Jesus might never had said it at all.

== Second Example - Dishonestly Shrewd ==

At Luke 16:8, the [[NIV]] describes an enigmatic parable in which the "master commended the dishonest manager because he had acted shrewdly." But is "shrewdly", which has connotations of dishonesty, the best term here? Being dishonestly shrewd is not an admirable trait.

The better conservative term, which became available only in 1851, is "resourceful". The manager was praised for being "resourceful", which is very different from dishonesty. Yet not even the [[ESV]], which was published in 2001, contains a single use of the term "resourceful" in its entire translation of the Bible.

== Third Example - Socialism ==

Socialistic terminology permeates English translations of the Bible, without justification. This improperly encourages the "social justice" movement among Christians.

For example, the conservative word "volunteer" is mentioned only once in the [[ESV]], yet the socialistic word "comrade" is used three times, "laborer(s)" is used 13 times, "labored" 15 times, and "fellow" (as in "fellow worker") is used 55 times.

== Advantages to a Conservative Bible Online ==

There are several striking advantages to a conservative approach to translating the Bible online:

* participants learn enormously from the process
* liberal bias - and lack of authenticity - become easier to recognize and address
* by translating online, this utilizes the growing online resources that improve accuracy
* supported by conservative principles, the project can be bolder in uprooting and excluding liberal distortions
* the project can adapt quickly to future threats from liberals to biblical integrity
* access is free and immediate to the growing internet audience, for their benefit
* the ensuing debate would flesh out -- and stop -- the infiltration of churches by liberals pretending to be Christian, much as a vote by legislators exposes the liberals
* this would bring the Bible to a new audience of political types, for their benefit; Bible courses in college Politics Departments would be welcome
* this would debunk the pervasive and hurtful myth that Jesus would be a political liberal today
* "Do not judge, or you too will be judged. For in the same way you judge others, you will be judged, and with the measure you use, it will be measured to you." Matthew 7:1 NIV

== References ==

<references/>

== See also ==

* [[Conservative Bible]] (includes links to specific books)
* [http://www.greekbible.com/ Nestle-Aland 26th edition Greek Bible (the source for all modern translations except the [[NKJV]]])
* [http://www.lib.uchicago.edu/e/ets/efts/Greek.html Liddell-Scott-Jones Greek Lexicon and Woodhouse's English-Greek Dictionary]
* [[Bible Translations]]
* [[Bible Translation Issues]]
* [[Bible Retranslation Project]]
* [[Word Analysis of Bible]]
* [[NIV]]
* [[Feminist Bible]] (disfavored here)
* [[Inspiration of Holy Scripture: An Eastern Christian and Jewish Perspective]]
[[Category:Bible]]
[[Category:Bible Versions]]
[[Category:Conservative Bible]]