Conservapedia - User contributions [en]

Labor union

2015-01-02T06:37:19Z

GibsMuhDat:

A '''labor union''' or ''trade union'' is an organization formed for the purpose of collectively representing the interests of a group of workers. Unions often interfere with free enterprise, as in opposing entrepreneurship that creates competition.

'''Labor unions''' can include collectively bargaining with [[employer]]s in order to agree on rates of pay and other conditions of employment. [[Conservatives]] tolerate the right of workers to form unions but oppose compelled union membership, as required by law in most states, and mandatory dues that are spent on [[liberal]] projects.

Liberals, Democrats, and [[RINO]]s are big supporters of unions, and count on their influence to reelect them. In effect, public employee unions are a mechanism by which every taxpayer is forced to fund the [[Democratic Party]].<ref>http://pubsecrets.wordpress.com/2011/02/24/why-the-democratic-party-union-relationship-is-corrupt/</ref> One exception to this rule are police unions. Here, liberal sympathy for criminality outweighs their sympathies for police labor, which is demonized by liberal activists and elected officials like [[Bill DeBlasio]] and [[Al Sharpton]].

[[Wal-Mart]] has been so successful by opposing the formation of unions among its workers, and has closed a profitable store down before allowing any union to exist in it.

There are generally two types of unions, private sector unions and public sector unions; some unions have members in both the private and public sectors.

==References==
<references/>

==See also==
* [[American labor unions]]
[[Category:Labor Unions]]
==External links==
*[http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2009/05/what-unions-do-how-labor-unions-affect-jobs-and-the-economy Studies on Current Effects of Unions] Heritage Foundation
{{liberalism}}

Colin Powell

2015-01-02T06:06:29Z

GibsMuhDat: /* Obama endorsement */

{{Officeholder
|name=Colin Powell
|image=Colin_Powell.jpg
|party=[[Republican]]
|spouse=Alma Vivian Johnson Powell
|religion=[[Episcopalian]]
|offices=
{{Officeholder/secretary (cabinet)
|of=State
|state=United States
|number=65th
|deputy=n
|president=[[George W. Bush]]
|terms=January 20, 2001-January 26, 2005
|preceded=[[Madeleine Albright]]
|former=y
|succeeded=[[Condoleezza Rice]]
}}
}}
'''General Colin Luther Powell''', United States Army (Ret.) (born April 5, 1937) was the 65th [[United States]] [[Secretary of State]] (2001-2005) under President [[George W. Bush]] and is a [[liberal]] member of the [[Republican Party]]. As a General in the [[United States Army]], Powell also served as [[National Security Advisor]] (1987–1989), and as Chairman of the [[Joint Chiefs of Staff]] (1989–1993) he became the highest ranking African American government official in the history of the United States.

==Military career==
While at City College Powell joined the Reserve Officers' Training Corps and later described it as one of the happiest experiences of his life: finding something he loved and could do well, he had "found himself." After graduating from City College in June 1958, he was granted a commission as an Army Second Lieutenant. Powell was a professional soldier for 35 years, during which time he held a variety of command and staff positions and later served as a General. During his military career Powell received the [[Purple Heart]], [[Bronze Star]] and the [[Soldiers Medal]].

==Presidential appointments==
At the age of 49, Powell became President [[Ronald Reagan]]'s National Security Advisor, serving from 1987 to 1989. He retained his Army commission (he was a Lieutenant General at the time of his nomination) while serving as National Security Advisor. After his tenure, Powell was promoted to 4-star General under President [[George H.W. Bush]].

From 1989 to 1993, General Powell served as chairman of the [[Joint Chiefs of Staff]], the highest [[military]] position in the Department of Defense. During this time, he oversaw 28 crises, including the invasion of [[Panama]] in 1989 to remove General [[Manuel Noriega]] from power in 1989 and Operation Desert Storm in the 1991 [[Persian Gulf War]]. During these events, Powell earned his nickname, "the reluctant warrior". After the end of Persian Gulf War, Colin Powell outlined his vision for efficient and decisive military action. His plan is now referred to as the [[Powell Doctrine]]. The Doctrine expresses that military action should be used only as a last resort and only if there is a clear risk to national security by the intended target; the force, when used, should be overwhelming and disproportionate to the force used by the enemy; there must be strong support for the campaign by the general public; and there must be a clear exit strategy from the conflict in which the military is engaged.

[[Image:20010912-4-1.jpg|left|thumb|300px|Secretary of State Colin Powell, [[Vice President of the United States of America|Vice President]] [[Dick Cheney]] and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Hugh Shelton, President George W. Bush talks with the press about the previous day's terrorist attacks during a cabinet meeting Sept. 12, 2001. White House photo by Tina Hager. ]] Later as Secretary of State in the Bush [[administration]], Powell was tremendously popular among the American people. After the [[September 11, 2001 attacks]], Powell's job became of critical importance in managing America's relationships with foreign countries in order to secure a stable coalition in the [[War on Terrorism]]. Powell is best known in the international community for testifying to the [[United Nations]] in 2003 about the specifics of Iraq's weapons of mass destruction program and for failing to generate international support for United States' [[foreign policy]] in George W. Bush's first term.<ref>[http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2003/03/17/1047749726236.html Failure of US diplomacy may claim Powell's scalp</ref> After Powell left the [[National Security Council]], the fortunes for the United States markedly improved in diplomacy (with countries like [[France]]<ref>[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/06/25/AR2007062501691.html?hpid=sec-world Washington Post - Rice Breaks Ice With France's New Leaders]</ref>) and in the [[Iraq War]] after the [[troop surge]] was implemented in George W. Bush's second term. In 2008, he endorsed [[Barack Obama]], who had opposed the surge in 2007.

==Political views==
Colin Powell is a [[liberal]] or moderate Republican who is [[pro-choice]] regarding [[abortion]], supports [[affirmative action]] and "reasonable" [[gun control]]. Although Powell was against [[gay]] marriage at the time (now he's supportvie of it<ref>http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0512/76687.html</ref>), he helped craft the "Don't ask, don't tell" policy in the United States military, along with [[Bill Clinton]]. He has also been critical of the current policy in Iraq. In 2005, Powell telephoned two Senator's, [[Lincoln Chafee]] of [[Rhode Island]] and [[Chuck Hagel]] of [[Nebraska]] (also liberal Republicans) asking them to oppose the nomination of John R. Bolton as ambassador to the [[United Nations]]. In September 2005, Powell criticized the government's response to [[Hurricane Katrina]]. He also opposed [[Guantanamo Bay]] and stripping [[Geneva Convention]] protections from captured terrorists. Powell was mentioned as a potential running mate for [[John McCain]]<ref>http://www.aarpmagazine.org/people/colin_powell.html</ref>, but said he was no longer interested in elected office.

Powell has expressed support for homosexuals serving in the military,<ref>http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/02/03/powell-favors-repeal-of-dont-ask-dont-tell/?_r=0</ref> and for phony same-sex unions as well.<ref>http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/OTUS/colin-powell-expresses-support-gay-marriage/story?id=16416112.</ref>

==Obama endorsement==
On 19 October 2008, Powell endorsed Barack Obama for President. Powell said that Obama was a "transformational figure coming into the world stage" <ref>http://elections.foxnews.com/2008/10/19/colin-powell-endorses-obama/</ref> and expressed disappointment in what he called the "negative tone" of McCain's campaign, as well as in McCain's choice of [[Sarah Palin]] as the Republican vice presidential nominee <ref>http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2008/oct/19/colin-powell-endorses-barack-obama-for-presiden-1/</ref> saying that she lacked experience even as he was supporting a candidate with one year of experience in the Senate before running for President. Powell went on to criticize other Republicans for what he claims is insistence on their part that Obama is a Muslim stating, "I'm also troubled by, not what Senator McCain says, but what members of the Republican Party say... such things as 'Well, you know that Mr. Obama is a Muslim'. Well the correct answer is, 'He's not a Muslim, he's a Christian, he's always been a Christian'. But the really right answer is, 'What if he is?' Is there something wrong with being a Muslim in this country? The answer is 'No', that's not America."<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7678788.stm</ref> A month prior, Powell had said that the thought of an African American President was 'electrifying'. In his speech backing Obama, he also said he did not want to see the appointment of Conservative [[Supreme Court]] Justices.<ref>http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/27265369/</ref> Along with Palin, he's also been critical of other influential people in the Republican Party, such as radio host [[Rush Limbaugh]], who he claims engages in an "ugly" kind of politics, commentator [[Ann Coulter]], Congresswoman [[Michele Bachmann]], whose statement that Obama might hold anti-American views influenced his decision to endorse the [[Illinois]] Senator, those who doubt the authenticity of Obama's birth certificate, and various members of the Bush administration, including former Vice-President [[Dick Cheney]] and former Defense Secretary [[Donald Rumsfeld]], whose conflicts with him, it's believed, caused him to resign his position.

==Family and personal information==
Powell has been married to Alma Vivian Johnson since 1962. They have one child, a son, Michael (1963). The Powells are [[Episcopalians]]. One of Colin Powell's hobbies is restoring classic automobiles.<ref>http://www.4driversonly.com/50226711/colin_powell_drives_a_66_volvo.php</ref>

== References ==
<references/>

{{DEFAULTSORT:Powell, Colin}}
[[Category:Republican Party]]
[[Category:Reagan Era]]
[[Category:Black History]]
[[Category:United States Army]]
[[Category:Soldiers]]
[[Category:United States Secretaries of State]]
[[Category:Presidential Medal of Freedom award winners]]
[[Category:Liberals]]
[[Category:RINOs]]

African Americans

2015-01-02T06:03:46Z

GibsMuhDat: /* Religion */

[[image:Freddouglas.jpg|225px|thumb|[[Frederick Douglass]], historic [[Abolitionism|abolitionist]] activist, historic member of the [[Republican Party]] of the United States.]]

'''African American''' is a [[politically correct]] term some use to describe the ethnic background of Americans with [[Africa]]n ancestry. The great majority of African Americans are descended from Africans brought to North America as [[slavery|slaves]] beginning four centuries ago. Others (like [[Colin Powell]]) were twentieth century immigrants from the [[West Indies]] or Africa. Many American [[conservative]]s believe that the use of terms such as "African-American" or "Mexican-American," collectively referred to as "[[hyphenated American|hyphenated Americanism]]," make the mistake of "putting America second" and emphasize racial differences over common national identity <ref>http://www.americanthinker.com/2010/05/on_becoming_an_unhyphenated_am.html</ref>

==Terms==
The preferred terminology changes constantly. Currently "black" and "African American" are in favor, and "Afro-American" and "Negro" are out of favor. The situation before 1960 was just the reverse. "Colored" was popular until the 1950s, but now is generally out of favor except among some [[leftist]] groups.

==History==
see [[Black history]]

Blacks were originally brought to America to serve as slaves in southeastern states on large-scale plantations. During the [[Civil War]], all slaves were freed by [[Abraham Lincoln]] though the [[Emancipation Proclamation]], the [[Thirteenth Amendment]], and some state actions. During [[Reconstruction]] the Freedmen (freed slaves) gained citizenship and civil and political rights, including the right to marry, move about, and keep their wages.

The system of [[Sharecropper|sharecropping]] instituted after the end of the war left most Freedmen poor, while the [[Jim Crow]] policies of racial [[segregation]] that were implemented after the end of [[Reconstruction]] limited their civic and political rights.

Blacks left the rural south in two waves, the first around 1915-20, the second coming after [[World War II]] when machinery ended the need for large numbers of people to pick cotton by hand. The migrants headed to the large cities of the North and West, and also in the South, moving from very poorly paid farm work to wage labor.

==Politics==
Blacks tended to support the [[Republican Party]] from the 1860s to the 1960s, but few who lived in the South voted--some states even stopped people of African ancestry voting by the use of literacy tests, poll taxes and other measures. The [[New Deal]] provided large-scale relief for blacks during the [[Great Depression]]. Some black Republican organizations, as in Chicago, switched overnight to the [[Democrat]]s. This sudden change is often attributed to the leftist sentiments that were growing in the late twentieth century. The [[15th Amendment]] allowed blacks to vote, but despite vigorous enforcement in the South prior to the [[Voting Rights Act]], minority voter registration was still much lower than white voter registration.<ref>Issacharoff, Samuel; Karlan, Pamela S.; Pildes, Richard H. (2012). ''The Law of Democracy: Legal Structure of the Political Process'' (4th ed.). New York, NY: Foundation Press. ISBN 1-59941-935-1, p. 514</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20040806055436/http://www.justice.gov/crt/voting/intro/intro_a.htm</ref> After the Voting Rights Act, black turnout increased substantially. Since 1964, blacks have voted 85% to 95% for Democrat presidential candidates, with an occasional black Republican elected to state office.

==Religion==
[[Image:President Barack Obama.jpg|thumb|150px|Barack Hussein Obama, the first President with partial black ancestry]]

Among African-Americans, religiosity is very high, and the standard practice since [[Reconstruction]] is for black ministers to be community spokespersons, and political power brokers; they often run for office. The great majority of African Americans are [[Protestant]]s, with their own [[Baptist]], [[Pentecostal]], and [[Methodist]] churches. A few are [[Muslim]]s.<ref>The Pluralism Project at Harvard University[http://www.pluralism.org/resources/statistics/tradition.php#Islam] Twenty-four percent of American Muslims are black, according to American Muslim Council's Zogby poll of August 2000.</ref>

==Racial registration and anti-miscegenation laws==
In the early 20th century some states, not only in the South, adopted racial registration policies and implemented laws against the mixing of black and white people. These "anti-miscegenation" laws were only finally ended in the federal case [[Loving v. Virginia]], when a mixed race couple successfully challenged all laws against mixed marriage in the states.

[[File:RosaParks.jpg|thumb|left|[[Rosa Parks]].]]

{{Clear}}

==References==
<references/>
* [http://www.adherents.com/rel_USA.html National Survey of Religious Identification (NSRI)]

==See also==
[[File:Richmond Garrick, Hope.jpg|thumb|Richmond Garrick, Hope, 2008.]]
* [[Black History]]
* [[Civil Rights]]
* [[Jim Crow]]
* [[Race]]
* [[Black Republican]]

[[category:Ethnicities]]
[[category:The South]]
[[category:Civil Rights]]
[[category:Black History]]

Mario Cuomo

2015-01-02T04:41:38Z

GibsMuhDat:

{{Officeholder
|name=Mario Cuomo
|image=000_Mario_Cuomo.jpg‎
|party=[[Democratic Party]]
|spouse=Matilda Cuomo
|religion=[[Roman Catholic]]
|offices=
{{Officeholder/governor
|state=New York
|number=52nd
|terms=January 1, 1983 – December 31, 1994
|preceded=[[Hugh Carey]]
|former=y
|succeeded=[[George Pataki]]
}}
{{Officeholder/secretary (cabinet)
|of=State
|state=New York
|number=58th
|deputy=n
|governor=[[Hugh Carey]]
|terms=January 1, 1975 – December 31, 1978
|preceded=John Ghezzi
|former=y
|succeeded=Basil Paterson
}}
}}

'''Mario Matthew Cuomo''' (June 15, 1932-January 1, 2015) was the governor of [[New York]] from 1983 through 1994. Cuomo was defeated in his bid for a fourth term by the little-known [[Republican]] [[George Pataki]] in the election of 1994, despite New York being an overwhelmingly Democratic state and despite Republican [[New York City]] Mayor [[Rudy Giuliani]] crossing party lines and endorsing Cuomo.

Born and raised in [[Queens|Queens, New York]], Cuomo earned a law degree from St. John's School of Law and became an assistant to Judge Adrian P. Burke of the New York State Court of Appeals. Cuomo first gained attention in the early 1970s when he represented residents of the Forest Hills section of Queens when they opposed the construction of a public-housing development in that neighborhood. After unsuccessfully seeking the [[Lieutenant Governor]]ship in 1974, he was appointed [[Secretary of State (U.S. state government)|New York Secretary of State]] in 1975 by Governor [[Hugh Carey]]. He went on to be defeated for the Democratic nomination for mayor of New York City by [[Ed Koch]] in 1977. Cuomo was, however, elected Lieutenant Governor the following year and was elected governor in 1982 and then reelected in 1986 and 1990. After giving a well-received keynote address at the 1984 Democratic National Convention he was mentioned as a possible [[president]]ial [[candidate]]; however, he declined to run.

As Governor, Cuomo was an unwavering supporter of [[pro-abortion|abortion rights]] and a proponent of the social [[welfare state]]. He strongly opposed [[capital punishment]] during a high-crime era. His liberal policies caused millions to move away from New York, and it had one of the highest tax rates, highest taxpayer-funded [[abortion]] rates, and worst business climates of any state in the nation.<ref>http://www.willkie.com/professionals/c/cuomo-mario-m</ref>

Mario Cuomo's son [[Andrew Cuomo]] is the current governor of New York. Mario Cuomo died the day of his son's second inauguration.

== Opposition To Death Penalty ==
Cuomo is against the death penalty for capital crimes. In 1994 he was widely criticized for his administration of justice and for his leftist, anti-death-penalty parole-board appointments in particular, in light of the Arthur Shawcross (Genesee River Killer) mass-murderer case. He vetoed death-penalty legislation more than seven times in spite of the public's wishes, which passed by Democratic controlled State Assembly.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/1989/03/21/nyregion/cuomo-vetoes-death-penalty-seventh-time.html N.Y. Times; Cuomo Vetoes Death Penalty Seventh Time]</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External Links ==
*[http://www.nga.org/portal/site/nga/menuitem.29fab9fb4add37305ddcbeeb501010a0/?vgnextoid=a517ae3effb81010VgnVCM1000001a01010aRCRD&vgnextchannel=e449a0ca9e3f1010VgnVCM1000001a01010aRCRD Mario Cuomo at the National Governors Association]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cuomo, Mario}}
[[Category:politics]]
[[Category:Liberals]]
[[Category:New York Governors]]
[[Category:Democratic Governors]]
[[Category:Catholic Politicians]]
{{Liberalism}}
[[Category:Anti Second Amendment]]