Conservapedia - User contributions [en]

Piltdown Man

2024-04-13T00:25:07Z

FresnoCA: Bolded '''Charles Dawson'''

[[File:Ev67c.jpg|right|thumb|Piltdown man "skull"]]
'''Piltdown Man''' was a notorious hoax perpetrated early in 20th century [[Great Britain]], in which a medieval human skull was combined with the lower jaw of an [[orangutan]] and subsequently "found" in a gravel pit in the near the village of Piltdown, England. Hailed as the "[[missing link]]" between man and ape-like species by promoters of [[evolution]] for decades, Piltdown man was exposed as a fraud only through later scientific testing and simple observation. The refusal of the discoverer to allow independent scrutiny of his claims enabled this fraud to persist '''''for over forty years'''''.

Critics of evolution believe that the Piltdown man was not an isolated incident of bad judgment by evolutionists and that the examples of the Nebraska Man, Java Man, Ocre Man, [[Neanderthal]]s, and Flores Man can be cited.<ref>[http://www.nwcreation.net/evolutionfraud.html "Evolution Fraud"], Northwest Creation Network</ref> Rather than admit the defects in their methods that facilitate hoaxes, many evolutionists simply rewrote their alleged tree of ancestors without the Piltdown man in it (a clear case of [[evolutionist denial]] and not of science working as intended, since the fraud was easily detectable immediately if scientific methods had been used by evolutionists).

==History==
In February 1912 Arthur Smith Woodward of the [[British Museum]] received a letter from a [[Sussex]] lawyer named '''Charles Dawson''' about a discovery he had made while excavating a gravel pit. What Dawson had described were fragments of a skull cap belonging to an ancient human; the skull was found in 1908 in the Piltdown region; other fragments were recovered in 1911, along with animal bones. Excitement over the findings resulted in a more comprehensive excavation in June, 1912, allowing the recovery of more skull fragments, part of the mandible, additional animal bones and stone tools.

Shortly afterward, Piltdown Man was declared the most important [[fossil]] find in Europe. The ''[[New York Times]]'' declared it to be the true [[missing link]]; a headline from that paper would read “[[Charles Darwin|Darwin]] [[Evolution|Theory]] Is Proved True.” A leading British scientific journal chimed in:
<blockquote>
The fossil human skull and mandible to be described by Mr. Charles Dawson and Dr. Arthur Smith Woodward at the Geological Society as we go to press is the most important discovery of its kind hitherto made in England. The specimen was found in circumstances which seem to leave no doubt of its geological age, and the characters it shows are themselves sufficient to denote its extreme antiquity.<ref>''[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]'', December 19, 1912, pg. 438; article “[[Paleolithic Age|Paleolithic]] Man”</ref>
</blockquote>
Its "extreme antiquity" was thought to have been between 400,000-500,000 years ago, based on the animal teeth found with the remains. The result of their deductions wasn't just scientific excitement; it was national pride. [[Germany]] had [[Heidelberg Man]], the [[Indonesia|Dutch East Indies]] had [[Homo erectus|Java Man]]; in the announcing of Piltdown Man, the British Isles could lay claim to the first Englishman.<ref>http://www.bradburyac.mistral.co.uk/tenness5.html</ref> In gratitude to its discoverer, evolutionary scientists give it a formal name: ''Eoanthropus dawsoni'' - "Dawson's dawn man".

==Questions begin==
[[Image:piltdownman_quennell_1922.png|thumb|right|A rendering of "Piltdown Man", already entrenched in scientific literature in 1922.]]
Doubts about the veracity of the Piltdown man remains began almost immediately. In contrast to the British, French and American scientists were more reserved, despite fragments of a second Piltdown man announced in 1917 which convinced many more of the fossil's authenticity. Dawson's death the previous year was an additional aid to Piltdown. But placing the fragments together in the shape of a skull created more problems than it solved. The upper portion was not just lacking the brow ridges they thought should be there, as in the Neanderthal; it was very-much modern human. The surviving portion of the mandible was missing its chin and the condyle - the portion of the jaw which directly attaches to the skull. It was further pointed out that the large size of the bone and two molars was too similar to that of an ape. Placing it with evolutionary lines was difficult, and as new discoveries were made in the next few decades, it became harder for evolutionary scientists to place Piltdown man anywhere on the family tree; most would just leave it out.

In 1922 evolutionist William King Gregory stated in a highly technical book<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?vid=OCLC03040525&id=EyF3qtMDRlgC&pg=RA2-PA351 ''The Origin and Evolution of the Human Dentition''], William King Gregory, 1922, p. 351.</ref> that he published doubts, shared by colleagues, in 1914 about whether the jaw and teeth were associated with the braincase. Gregory stated in the article that someone at the British Museum had confided to him that "a negro skull and a broken ape jaw" had been "artificially fossilized" and "planted in the gravel bed to fool the scientists." At about the same time, Dr. Aleš Hrdlička wrote his own doubts about the authenticity of the find after handling it for the first time:
:''"The first strong impression which the specimen conveys is that of normality, shapeliness and relative gracility of build rather than massiveness. When, after studying the specimen for a good part of two days, the observer took in hand the thick Piltdown skull, there was a strong feeling of incongruity and lack of relationship, and that feeling only grew on further study. As a rule there exists a marked correlation between the massivity of the skull–particularly if as in this case the upper facial parts were involved in the same–and the lower jaw. A finely chiselled mandible of medium or sub-medium strength belongs as a rule to a skull that is characterized in the same way, and vice versa.. To connect the shapely, wholly normal Piltdown jaw with the gross, heavy Piltdown skull into the same individual seems very difficult. After prolonged handling of both the jaw and the skull there remained in the writer a strong impression that the two may not belong together, or if they do the case is totally exceptional."''<ref>http://www.clarku.edu/~piltdown/map_expose/pilt_mand_cran.html</ref>

However, a book published and aimed at the popular market was depicting elaborate speculation about the daily life of Piltdown Man, giving him the tools that were found in the gravel bed.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?vid=OCLC02561355&id=L0sDgL6sPh4C&pg=RA1-PR51 ''Everyday Life in the Old Stone Age''], Charles Henry Bourne Quennell, 1922, p. 51.</ref> Yet despite the early criticism, Piltdown Man continued to be taught children in school, such as in the textbook ''[[A Civic Biology]]'', at issue in the [[Scopes trial]] of 1927. Dr. Woodward for his part believed in its authenticity so strongly that when he retired he purchased a home near the gravel pit and spent the remainder of his summers excavating.<ref>Feder, Kenneth R. ''Frauds, Myths, and Mysteries''; New York: McGraw-Hill, 2008 (pg. 91)</ref>

==Finding of fraud==
The date first assigned to the bones was never based on the bones at all, but rather were based on testing of older material found nearby. This is partially due to the fact that modern dating techniques, like the [[Fluorine Absorption test]], were not yet invented (and indeed, when they were, proved essential to Piltdown man's downfall<ref>[http://www.palarch.nl/NorthWestEurope/nweur_2006_1_1.pdf Annotated Biblography of the Piltdown Man Forgery]</ref>). Like similar artifacts purporting to prove evolution today, there was no independent or public scrutiny of the actual materials.

The fluorine method was first carried out in 1949 by Dr. Kenneth Oakley of the British Museum, which initially showed the fossils to have been much younger than fauna remains found in the same area. The results drew the attention of colleague Professor Joseph S. Weiner, who, along with Oakley and Dr. Wilfrid E. Le Gros Clark, decided upon an exhaustive examination of the bones. An improved fluorine test was done, as well as testing for nitrogen and uranium content. As controls, they used a proboscidean molar also found at the site and fresh bone from a recently slaughtered cow.

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|-
!colspan="4" align="center" style="color: black; height: 30px; background: tan no-repeat scroll top left;"|The fluorine experiment results on Piltdown Man, 1953
|-
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|<center>2.7</center>
|<center>n/a</center>
|<center>610</center>
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!align ="center" style="color: black; height: 30px; background: white no-repeat scroll top left;"|Piltdown "cranium"
|<center>0.1</center>
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The results had shown the Piltdown bones were not only considerably younger geologically than the Lower and Middle [[Pleistocene]] fossils said to have been found at the same site, but in fact they were less than 500 years old. The cranium came from a man who died in the Medieval period, while the jaw fragment came from an orangutan (''Pongo abelii'') less than 200 years old; this ape was determined to have died at the age of ten.<ref>http://www.clarku.edu/~piltdown/map_expose/radioactivedating_piltdown.html</ref><ref>http://www.clarku.edu/~piltdown/map_gen_hist_surveys/piltman_oaklywiener.html</ref> These tests had also revealed that the remains had been artificially stained to make them appear old, and the molars had been filed down to resemble human teeth. To add further doubt to Piltdown's authenticity, the proboscidean molar turned out to have come from an extinct species of elephant (''Archidiskodon africanavus'') whose uranium content linked it to a site in [[Tunisia]]. Although not fully proven to this day, Dawson has been implicated as the creator of Piltdown man.

A claim that upwards of five hundred doctoral theses had been written about Piltdown man has filtered down through the years since; the actual number is two, and both were written long after the hoax was revealed in 1953.<ref>https://creation.com/evolution-by-fiat-and-faith</ref>

{{Creation vs. evolution}}

== External links ==
*[http://www.answersingenesis.org/docs2003/1124piltdown.asp The Piltdown Man Fraud by Dr A J Monty White]
*"[http://bevets.com/piltdowni.htm#nytdt Darwin Theory is Proved True: English Scientists Say the Skull Found in Sussex Establishes Human Descent from Apes]", ''New York Times'', Dec. 22, 1912.

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Evolution]]
[[Category:Theory of Evolution and Cases of Fraud, Hoaxes and Speculation]]
[[Category:Hoaxes]]

Agency shop

2023-03-28T00:55:16Z

FresnoCA: Changed link

An '''agency shop''' is an employer who signs a collective bargaining agreement with a union that requires each employee to pay an "agency fee" to the union to cover the cost of the collective bargaining agreement negotiations. In general, [[Right-to-work law|Right-to-work laws]] prohibit a requirement to pay full union dues, but allow recovery of negotiation costs. As a result, employees in an agency shop are not forced to pay their share of the political contributions that the union makes (perhaps to candidates that the employee does not want to support.) The alternative of having an agency shop eliminates the argument that non-union members benefit from collective bargaining agreements without paying their share of the cost of negotiations.
==See also==
* [[compulsory unionism]]
* [[Right-to-work law]]

[[Category:Labor Law]]

Agency shop

2023-03-28T00:53:37Z

FresnoCA: /* See also */ added * Right-to-work law

An '''agency shop''' is an employer who signs a collective bargaining agreement with a union that requires each employee to pay an "agency fee" to the union to cover the cost of the collective bargaining agreement negotiations. In general, [[Right to Work]] laws prohibit a requirement to pay full union dues, but allow recovery of negotiation costs. As a result, employees in an agency shop are not forced to pay their share of the political contributions that the union makes (perhaps to candidates that the employee does not want to support.) The alternative of having an agency shop eliminates the argument that non-union members benefit from collective bargaining agreements without paying their share of the cost of negotiations.
==See also==
* [[compulsory unionism]]
* [[Right-to-work law]]

[[Category:Labor Law]]

Labor union

2023-03-28T00:52:03Z

FresnoCA: Moved ==References== {{reflist}} below ==See also== and ==External links==

A '''labor union''' or ''trade union'' is an organization formed for the purpose of collectively representing the interests of a group of workers. Unions often interfere with free enterprise, as in opposing entrepreneurship that creates competition.

'''Labor unions''' can include collectively bargaining with [[employer]]s in order to agree on rates of pay and other conditions of employment. [[Conservatives]] tolerate the right of workers to form unions but oppose compulsory union membership, as required by law in most states, and mandatory dues that are spent on [[liberal]] projects.

Liberals, Democrats, and [[RINO]]s are big supporters of unions, and count on their influence to reelect them. In effect, public employee unions are a mechanism by which every taxpayer is forced to fund the [[Democrat Party]].<ref>http://pubsecrets.wordpress.com/2011/02/24/why-the-democratic-party-union-relationship-is-corrupt/</ref> Unions frequently promote left-wing policies, including compulsory schooling, abortion, and the [[homosexual agenda]]. While unions are relatively critical of [[globalist]] "free trade" deals, they do not use the same reasoning as conservatives,<ref>Byas, Steve (May 9, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/economy/item/29018-big-labor-opposition-to-tpp-is-not-about-american-sovereignty Big Labor Opposition to TPP Is Not About American Sovereignty]. ''The New American''. Retrieved June 15, 2018.</ref> and many of them have criticized the [[Trump Administration]]'s trade policies.<ref>Higgins, Sean (June 15, 2018). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/economy/us-eu-unions-issue-joint-slam-on-trump-trade-policy US, EU unions issue joint slam on Trump trade policy]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved June 15, 2018.</ref> Many attribute some of the negative aspects of [[public schools]] to the [[National Education Association]] and other teachers' unions. School support personnel unions oppose [[outsourcing]] of school support services, sometimes even when it would be beneficial for the support employees. Teachers' unions and school support employee unions are often very active in school board elections. Some unions support far-left abortion policies despite those policies having nothing to do with the unions' stated focuses or goals.<ref>Everson, Ryan (July 11, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/opinion/nothing-to-do-with-labor-americas-largest-union-adopts-radical-abortion-stance Nothing to do with labor: Largest union in US adopts radical abortion stance]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved July 11, 2019.</ref>

[[Wal-Mart]] has been so successful by opposing the formation of unions among its workers, and has closed a profitable store down before allowing any union to exist in it.

There are generally two types of unions: private sector unions and public sector unions; some unions have members in both the private and public sectors. Although their first amendment right of free speech applies when not on the government's time or premises, which also permits the formation of unions, federal government employee unions are legally prohibited from actively going on strike. <ref> https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section3333&num=0&edition=prelim </ref>

==Communist infiltration==
For decades, labor unions have frequently been infiltrated by [[Communism|Communists]], which have used unions for the purposes of advancing Communism.<ref>[https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2011/dec/7/labor-unions-and-communism/ Labor unions and Communism] at the ''Washington Times''</ref><ref>[http://www.trevorloudon.com/2014/02/red-unions-how-why-big-labor-leaders-betray-their-nation/ RED UNIONS: How & Why Big Labor Leaders Betray Their Nation]</ref> [[Organized crime]] has also infiltrated and corrupted labor unions over time.<ref>[https://www.unionfacts.com/article/crime-and-corruption/ Crime and Corruption]</ref><ref>[http://www.laborers.org/VAIRA_MEMO.html Organized Crime and the Labor Unions]</ref> Under the combined influence of Communism and organized crime, labor unions and their members have often resorted in cowardly fashion to threats (including death threats), intimidation <ref> https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/duress </ref> and illegal acts of thuggery and violence to get their way during strike actions and other labor disputes, as well as when their corruption, inefficiency, and deliberate incompetence is exposed and attempts to oppose and purge their radical positions and either reform the unions or rid them from businesses and public institutions are made.<ref>[https://www.unionfacts.com/article/crime-and-corruption/examples-of-union-threats-violence-and-intimidation/ Examples of Union Threats, Violence and Intimidation]</ref><ref>[https://www.theblaze.com/news/2011/11/07/labor-union-violence-in-america-a-brief-history/ Labor Union Violence in America: A Brief History]</ref><ref>[http://www.westernjournalism.com/a-liberal-history-of-union-thuggery-and-civil-rights-perversion/ A Liberal History of Union Thuggery and Civil Rights Perversion]</ref> Such actions by unions have served as an argument by their opponents for the abolition of labor unions entirely, not only as being outdated and unnecessary in today's society, but also because unions are seen as excuses for extortion (through forced union dues and taxes), corruption (including through forced compulsory membership and denial of work to anyone who refuses to join a union, as well as high labor prices charged for deliberately shoddy and substandard work) <ref> https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/employment-at-will-definition-30022.html </ref> and political manipulation (through the Democrats and the [[Communist Party USA]]) and as havens for thugs, criminals and Communists.<ref>[http://beforeitsnews.com/opinion-liberal/2011/11/congress-should-outlaw-all-unions-and-eventually-abolish-them-1399191.html Congress Should Outlaw All Unions and Eventually Abolish Them]</ref>

==Union boss hypocrisy==
Despite their criticism of high salaries for CEOs (the average CEO salary is not as high as they claim) and their stated support for workers, union bosses have very high salaries.<ref>Chiaramonte, Perry (May 12, 2017). [https://www.foxnews.com/us/2017/05/12/afl-cio-paywatch-report-slams-ceo-pay-but-not-high-pay-its-own-execs.html AFL-CIO 'Paywatch' report slams CEO pay but not the high pay of its own execs]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved May 12, 2017.</ref><ref>Blitzer, Ronn (December 26, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/embattled-union-honchos-lavish-spending-exposed-villas-four-figure-dinners-cigars Embattled union honchos’ lavish spending exposed: Villas, four-figure dinners, $60,000 cigar bill]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved December 26, 2019.</ref><ref>Neale Spencer (December 27, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/former-united-auto-workers-presidents-accused-of-spending-1m-on-cigars-golf-and-dinners Former United Automobile Workers presidents accused of spending $1M on cigars, golf, and dinners]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved December 27, 2019.</ref>

==See also==
* [[American labor unions]]
* [[Right to work]]
* [[Right-to-work law]]

==External links==
*[https://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2009/05/what-unions-do-how-labor-unions-affect-jobs-and-the-economy Studies on Current Effects of Unions] Heritage Foundation
{{liberalism}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Labor Unions]]
[[Category:Corruption]]

Labor union

2023-03-28T00:50:45Z

FresnoCA: /* See also */ * Right-to-work law

A '''labor union''' or ''trade union'' is an organization formed for the purpose of collectively representing the interests of a group of workers. Unions often interfere with free enterprise, as in opposing entrepreneurship that creates competition.

'''Labor unions''' can include collectively bargaining with [[employer]]s in order to agree on rates of pay and other conditions of employment. [[Conservatives]] tolerate the right of workers to form unions but oppose compulsory union membership, as required by law in most states, and mandatory dues that are spent on [[liberal]] projects.

Liberals, Democrats, and [[RINO]]s are big supporters of unions, and count on their influence to reelect them. In effect, public employee unions are a mechanism by which every taxpayer is forced to fund the [[Democrat Party]].<ref>http://pubsecrets.wordpress.com/2011/02/24/why-the-democratic-party-union-relationship-is-corrupt/</ref> Unions frequently promote left-wing policies, including compulsory schooling, abortion, and the [[homosexual agenda]]. While unions are relatively critical of [[globalist]] "free trade" deals, they do not use the same reasoning as conservatives,<ref>Byas, Steve (May 9, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/economy/item/29018-big-labor-opposition-to-tpp-is-not-about-american-sovereignty Big Labor Opposition to TPP Is Not About American Sovereignty]. ''The New American''. Retrieved June 15, 2018.</ref> and many of them have criticized the [[Trump Administration]]'s trade policies.<ref>Higgins, Sean (June 15, 2018). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/economy/us-eu-unions-issue-joint-slam-on-trump-trade-policy US, EU unions issue joint slam on Trump trade policy]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved June 15, 2018.</ref> Many attribute some of the negative aspects of [[public schools]] to the [[National Education Association]] and other teachers' unions. School support personnel unions oppose [[outsourcing]] of school support services, sometimes even when it would be beneficial for the support employees. Teachers' unions and school support employee unions are often very active in school board elections. Some unions support far-left abortion policies despite those policies having nothing to do with the unions' stated focuses or goals.<ref>Everson, Ryan (July 11, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/opinion/nothing-to-do-with-labor-americas-largest-union-adopts-radical-abortion-stance Nothing to do with labor: Largest union in US adopts radical abortion stance]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved July 11, 2019.</ref>

[[Wal-Mart]] has been so successful by opposing the formation of unions among its workers, and has closed a profitable store down before allowing any union to exist in it.

There are generally two types of unions: private sector unions and public sector unions; some unions have members in both the private and public sectors. Although their first amendment right of free speech applies when not on the government's time or premises, which also permits the formation of unions, federal government employee unions are legally prohibited from actively going on strike. <ref> https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid:USC-prelim-title5-section3333&num=0&edition=prelim </ref>

==Communist infiltration==
For decades, labor unions have frequently been infiltrated by [[Communism|Communists]], which have used unions for the purposes of advancing Communism.<ref>[https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2011/dec/7/labor-unions-and-communism/ Labor unions and Communism] at the ''Washington Times''</ref><ref>[http://www.trevorloudon.com/2014/02/red-unions-how-why-big-labor-leaders-betray-their-nation/ RED UNIONS: How & Why Big Labor Leaders Betray Their Nation]</ref> [[Organized crime]] has also infiltrated and corrupted labor unions over time.<ref>[https://www.unionfacts.com/article/crime-and-corruption/ Crime and Corruption]</ref><ref>[http://www.laborers.org/VAIRA_MEMO.html Organized Crime and the Labor Unions]</ref> Under the combined influence of Communism and organized crime, labor unions and their members have often resorted in cowardly fashion to threats (including death threats), intimidation <ref> https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/duress </ref> and illegal acts of thuggery and violence to get their way during strike actions and other labor disputes, as well as when their corruption, inefficiency, and deliberate incompetence is exposed and attempts to oppose and purge their radical positions and either reform the unions or rid them from businesses and public institutions are made.<ref>[https://www.unionfacts.com/article/crime-and-corruption/examples-of-union-threats-violence-and-intimidation/ Examples of Union Threats, Violence and Intimidation]</ref><ref>[https://www.theblaze.com/news/2011/11/07/labor-union-violence-in-america-a-brief-history/ Labor Union Violence in America: A Brief History]</ref><ref>[http://www.westernjournalism.com/a-liberal-history-of-union-thuggery-and-civil-rights-perversion/ A Liberal History of Union Thuggery and Civil Rights Perversion]</ref> Such actions by unions have served as an argument by their opponents for the abolition of labor unions entirely, not only as being outdated and unnecessary in today's society, but also because unions are seen as excuses for extortion (through forced union dues and taxes), corruption (including through forced compulsory membership and denial of work to anyone who refuses to join a union, as well as high labor prices charged for deliberately shoddy and substandard work) <ref> https://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/employment-at-will-definition-30022.html </ref> and political manipulation (through the Democrats and the [[Communist Party USA]]) and as havens for thugs, criminals and Communists.<ref>[http://beforeitsnews.com/opinion-liberal/2011/11/congress-should-outlaw-all-unions-and-eventually-abolish-them-1399191.html Congress Should Outlaw All Unions and Eventually Abolish Them]</ref>

==Union boss hypocrisy==
Despite their criticism of high salaries for CEOs (the average CEO salary is not as high as they claim) and their stated support for workers, union bosses have very high salaries.<ref>Chiaramonte, Perry (May 12, 2017). [https://www.foxnews.com/us/2017/05/12/afl-cio-paywatch-report-slams-ceo-pay-but-not-high-pay-its-own-execs.html AFL-CIO 'Paywatch' report slams CEO pay but not the high pay of its own execs]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved May 12, 2017.</ref><ref>Blitzer, Ronn (December 26, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/embattled-union-honchos-lavish-spending-exposed-villas-four-figure-dinners-cigars Embattled union honchos’ lavish spending exposed: Villas, four-figure dinners, $60,000 cigar bill]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved December 26, 2019.</ref><ref>Neale Spencer (December 27, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/former-united-auto-workers-presidents-accused-of-spending-1m-on-cigars-golf-and-dinners Former United Automobile Workers presidents accused of spending $1M on cigars, golf, and dinners]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved December 27, 2019.</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==See also==
* [[American labor unions]]
* [[Right to work]]
* [[Right-to-work law]]

==External links==
*[https://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2009/05/what-unions-do-how-labor-unions-affect-jobs-and-the-economy Studies on Current Effects of Unions] Heritage Foundation
{{liberalism}}

[[Category:Labor Unions]]
[[Category:Corruption]]

Right-to-work law

2023-03-28T00:50:12Z

FresnoCA: Created #redirectRight to work

#redirect[[Right to work]]

Alger Hiss

2023-03-18T01:40:47Z

FresnoCA: /* See also */

[[Image:Hiss2.png|thumb|300px|right|Alger Hiss. ''Photo courtesy U.S. Bureau of Prisons'']]
'''Alger Hiss''' (November 11, 1904 – November 15, 1996) was a high-ranking [[U.S. State Department]] official<ref>"Alger Hiss, a former [https://www.archives.gov/press/press-releases/2000/nr00-02.html high-ranking State Department official]"; and "[[#refBogdanor08|one of America's leading diplomats]]..."</ref> and Secretary-General of the [[United Nations]] founding conference.<ref>"The Secretary-General of the Conference was Alger Hiss... Secretary-General: Alger Hiss" [[#refUN46|UN 1946-47]]: 14, 48 (PDF 15, 49)</ref> He was [[#refHissAppellate|convicted of perjury]] in 1950 after [[#refBentleyGJ|denying involvement]] in [[USSR|Soviet]] [[espionage]]. Hiss partisans and many on the [[ideological]] [[left]] for many years hotly disputed the jury’s verdict in the case,<ref>Francis P. Sempa, "[http://www.unc.edu/depts/diplomat/archives_roll/2001_07-09/sempa_chambers/sempa_chambers.html Whittaker Chambers: A Centennary Reflection]," ''American Diplomacy'', July 2001. Hiss portrayed himself as a "liberal" rather than a communist, referring to "[http://homepages.nyu.edu/~th15/liberalism.html liberals like myself]," writing that he had acquired a "liberal outlook" as a student, which was "strengthened and given focus at the Harvard Law School"; his work for Justice Holmes "increased my liberal convictions"; etc. He also had "[[#refBogdanor08|strong ties]] to the [http://encyclopedia.farlex.com/Alger+Hiss Democratic Party]." Thus for decades, many [[liberals]] and [[Democratic Party|Democrats]] portrayed Hiss as an [http://www.oup.com/us/catalog/general/subject/HistoryAmerican/Since1945/?view=usa&ci=9780195182552 innocent victim of McCarthyism], the victim of an [http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/terrorists_spies/spies/hiss/11.html elaborate frame-up], railroaded by [http://homepages.nyu.edu/~th15/history.html the demagoguery] of [[Richard Nixon]] and the [[House Committee on Un-American Activities]]. Cf. Tony Judt, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=qjPwuBv-0PUC Reappraisals: Reflections on the Forgotten Twentieth Century]'' (Penguin Group, 2008), ISBN 1594201366, p. 301</ref> putting forward a variety of conspiracy theories.<ref>For an overview of these (mutually-contradictory) conspiracy theories see the appendix, "Conspiracy Theories," in [[#refWeinstein78|Weinstein 1978]].</ref> The '''[[Legacy of Alger Hiss#Scholarly consensus|overwhelming consensus]]''' among historians today is that Hiss was guilty, as confirmed by the unanimous report of the bipartisan Moynihan Commission on Government Secrecy in 1997.<ref>"The complicity of Alger Hiss of the State Department [in Soviet espionage] seems settled." (Commission on Protecting and Reducing Government Secrecy, ''Secrecy'' [Washington: United States Government Printing Office, 1997], [http://www.access.gpo.gov/congress/commissions/secrecy/pdf/12hist1.pdf Appendix A - Secrecy: A Brief Account of the American Experience], p. A-37 [PDF p. 39]) The commission's chairman, Senator [[Daniel Patrick Moynihan]], a [http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9907E5DC103EF930A15751C0A961958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all liberal Democrat], wrote, "Hiss was indeed a [[USSR|Soviet]] agent and appears to have been regarded by [[Moscow]] as its most important."(Daniel Patrick Moynihan, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=FWq-5a5tqH0C Secrecy: The American Experience]'' [New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998] ISBN 0300077564, p. 146)</ref>

==Early life==
Alger Hiss was born November 11, 1904, in [[Baltimore]], [[Maryland]]<ref>"Mr. Hiss. I was born in Baltimore. Md., on November 11, 1904." [[#refHUAC48|HUAC 1948]]: 642 (PDF 152)</ref> to a [[#refNoe1|financially comfortable]] [[#refNoe1|upper-middle-class]]<ref>Contrary to ex-Communist ("I belonged for a little while to the Young Communist League, and thereafter to the Socialist party." [[#refKempton04|Kempton 2004]]: 11) Murray Kempton's oft-repeated claim that Hiss was a "child of shabby gentility," ([[#refKempton04|Kempton 2004]]: 17), Hiss protested that the economic circumstances of his childhood were "not particularly shabby." ([[#refWhite04|White 2004]]: 4)
The Hisses were "prominent, respected people. They kept their own horse and carriage, and on occasion [Alger's father] would hire a private railroad car for a family outing.... they knew everyone they wanted to know in Baltimore, they belonged to the best clubs, and they were recognized wherever they went." ([[#refSmith76|Smith 1976]]: 34) "Growing up, all five children had music and art lessons, as well as German language lessons for Alger. They attended private colleges or universities and vacationed on Maryland's Eastern Shore. During college, the three boys spent summers in Europe." ([[#refShelton2012|Shelton 2012]]: 12). Young Alger went [https://www.nytimes.com/books/97/03/09/reviews/chambers-prophecy.html to camp] ([[#refHUAC48|HUAC 1948]]: 643 [PDF 153]) [http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,799516,00.html in Maine]; he later participated "in the usual round of activities enjoyed by affluent college students of his time" ([[#refWhite04|White 2004]]: 9); among his hobbies were tennis and horseback riding. ([[#refMorrow05|Morrow 2005]]: 248)</ref> [http://yalepress.yale.edu/book.asp?isbn=9780300038187 WASP]<ref>"Hiss was... not only a goy but a WASP!" ([[#refJacoby09|Jacoby 2009]]: 20). Hiss testified: "I have been an Episcopalian all my life" ([[#refHUAC48|HUAC 1948]]: 649 [PDF 159]); "Alger's mother claimed descent from the Earl of Leicester and, on her mother's side, a leading Baltimore family, the Grundys." ([[#refMorrow05|Morrow 2005]]: 248) Cf. Aaron Beim and Gary Alan Fine, "[http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/117985047/abstract The Cultural Frameworks of Prejudice: Reputational Images and the Postwar Disjuncture of Jews and Communism]," ''The Sociological Quarterly'', Vol. 48, Issue 3 (Summer 2007): 373-397.</ref> family. His father, an executive with a wholesale dry goods firm,<ref>[[#refScott96|Scott 1996]]. This [https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/dry%20goods contradicts the claim] of Murray Kempton that Hiss's father was "a wholesale grocer." ([[#refKempton04|Kempton 2004]]: 17)</ref> committed [[suicide]] by [[#refMorrow96|slashing]] his throat with a razor when Alger was just two years old.<ref>[[#refScott96|Scott 1996]]. According to the [[#refBarron01|personal Web site of Hiss's son]], Alger's father died on [[#refTonyTimeline|April 7, 1907]]—this in contrast to Kempton's claim that Hiss's father "committed suicide when Alger was nine." ([[#refKempton04|Kempton 2004]]: 17) As G. Edward White puts it (somewhat charitably), Kempton's version of events is "not quite accurate." ([[#refWhite04|White 2004]]: 4) Susan Jacoby also gets this wrong, writing of "the suicide of his father (when Alger was only five)" ([[#refJacoby09|Jacoby 2009]]: 62), an error she repeated on [[#refQA|C-SPAN]].</ref> When Hiss was 25, his [[sister]] Mary Ann also [[#refMorrow96|committed suicide]], by drinking a bottle of [http://farm1.static.flickr.com/118/261588419_6b641c8815_o.jpg Lysol].<ref>"....Mary Ann... had swallowed a bottle of Lysol, killing herself." [[#refWhite04|White 2004]]: 5</ref> Two years earlier, Alger's older brother Bosley, a ''Baltimore Sun'' reporter,<ref>[[#refWhite04|White 2004]]: 6</ref> had died at age 26 from a [[kidney]] disorder attributed to excessive [[alcohol]] consumption.<ref>"Bos.... drank a lot." ([[#refTHiss77|T. Hiss 1977]]: 11); "He was undisciplined in habits of...drink." [[#refZeligs67|Zeligs 1967]]: 167; "Bos.... contracted Bright's disease, an alcohol-induced kidney ailment...." ([[#refTHiss77|T. Hiss 1977]]: 141); "Hiss's older brother Bosley, died when he was in his early twenties of Bright's disease, a kidney disorder aggravated by Bosley's [[#refNoe1|overindulgence in alcohol]]." Cf. [[#refTanenhaus97|Tanenhaus 1997]]: 383</ref>

After such a series of tragic losses, suggested Hiss's son, Alger might have found himself "susceptible, as some may have been, to the seeming solidarity offered by the Communist Party."<ref>[[#refHiss2000|T. Hiss 2000]]: 141</ref> Among others susceptible to this lure was Hiss's [[#refHUAC8-17-48|future tenant]], [[Whittaker Chambers]], who wrote of the suicide of his own brother at age 21:
{{cquote|[M]y brother's death stunned me ... this is the point at which I became a thorough Communist. I felt that any society which could result in the death of a boy like my brother was wrong and I was at war with it. This was the beginning of my fanaticism.<ref>Michael Kimmage, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=3HUvm91KDn8C The conservative turn: Lionel Trilling, Whittaker Chambers, and the lessons of anti-communism]'' (Harvard University Press, 2009) ISBN 0674032586, p. 41</ref>}}

===Johns Hopkins University===
As a result of his [[father]]'s [[death]], Alger [[inheritance|inherited]] $10,000,<ref>"...provided a $10,000 bequest to each of the Hiss children..." [[#refWhite04|White 2004]]: 9</ref> the equivalent of [[#refBLS|more than $200,000]] today. After graduation from [http://www.baltimorecitycollege.us/ Baltimore City College] and a year at [[Massachusetts]]' [[Powder Point Academy]] and the [[Maryland Institute of Art]],<ref>"1921-1922: Attended Powder Point Academy, Duxbury, Mass., and Maryland Institute of Art." ([[#refZeligs80|Zeligs Papers]]) A visiting artist at the Maryland Institute of Art during this era was [http://www.mica.edu/About_MICA/Facts_and_History/Historical_Timeline/1905-1960_A_Fresh_Start%E2%80%94Rise_of_Mount_Royal_Campus.html John Sloan], former editor of the [[Communist]] magazine ''[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Masses_1914_John_Sloan.jpg The Masses]'' (John Loughery, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=eGWcHAAACAAJ John Sloan: Painter and Rebel]'' [New York: H. Holt, 1997] ISBN 0805052216, p. 177), which would change its name to ''[[New Masses]]'' in 1926 and, ironically, be edited by [[Whittaker Chambers]] starting in 1931. Meyer A. Zeligs, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=aytCAAAAIAAJ&pgis=1 Friendship and Fratricide: An Analysis of Whittaker Chambers and Alger Hiss]'' (New York: Viking Press, 1967) ASIN B000NZOTWM, p. 253</ref> Hiss attended [[Baltimore]]'s elite<ref>"Johns Hopkins was an elite university, both socially and academically." [[#refWhite04|White 2004]]: 9</ref> [[Johns Hopkins University]],<ref>[[#refHUAC48|HUAC 1948]]: 644 (PDF 154)</ref> where he was voted "[http://www.orwelltoday.com/hisstruman.jpg best hand-shaker]" in his class.<ref>[[#refRovere96|Rovere 1996]]: 156; Cf. [http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/backissues/2010/02/eighty-five-from-the-archive-richard-h-rovere.html Eighty-Five from the Archive: Richard H. Rovere] (excerpt from ''[http://www.newyorker.com The New Yorker]'', [http://archives.newyorker.com/default.aspx?iid=18616&startpage=page0000103 May 13, 1950]); Evan Thomas, "[http://www.newsweek.com/id/103447 An American Melodrama]," ''Newsweek'', November 25, 1996</ref> Hiss would later claim to have already been socially and politically progressive and anti-business when he went to college.<ref>Alger Hiss, [http://algerhiss.com/alger-hiss/in-his-own-words/alger-hisss-liberal-manifesto/l Draft of a Chapter Written By Alger Hiss on the Foundations For His Liberalism] ([http://holliscatalog.harvard.edu//?itemid=|library%2fm%2faleph|010072878 Alger Hiss papers], Small Manuscript Collection, [http://www.law.harvard.edu/library/special/index.html Special Collections], [http://www.law.harvard.edu/library/index.html Harvard Law School Library]), algerhiss.com. Cf. Ivan Chen, [http://works.bepress.com/ivan_chen/1/ Alger Hiss, 1926-1929]; [[#refShelton2012|Shelton 2012]]: 22-24.</ref>
As an [[undergraduate]], Hiss's favorite [[instructor]]s included the [[Socialist]] [[Broadus Mitchell]] and [[Stalinist]] [[José Robles]],<ref>[[#refRicher04|Richer 2004]]: 310 (PDF 4). Robles would later go fight in Spain under the [[Soviets]]; Hiss, who apparently knew Robles well enough to spend time at his home ([[#refTHiss77|T. Hiss 1977]]: 37-38) would say he too considered joining ([[#refSmith76|Smith 1976]]: 104) the forces characterized as "[[Stalin]]'s foreign legion." (Herbert Romerstein, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=D5koGQAACAAJ Heroic Victims: Stalin's Foreign Legion in the Spanish Civil War]'' [Washington: Council for the Defense of Freedom, 1994] ISBN 9994812505). "[T]he [[Nazi-Soviet Pact]] and the Lincolns' willingness to [http://www.alba-valb.org/resources/lessons/world-war-ii-letters-from-the-abraham-lincoln-brigade/before-pearl-harbor change their position on the antifascist struggle in order to conform to Soviet policy] would forever cast a shadow on their legacy, as it would with the other elements of the Communist Left."</ref> while he was drawn to the work of (among others) the [[Atheism|atheist]] [[H.L. Mencken]], socialists [[George Bernard Shaw]], [[Maxwell Anderson]] and [[Sinclair Lewis]], and the [[Communist]] [[Theodore Dreiser]]<ref>[[#refSmith76|Smith 1976]]: 51-52</ref> (the last two also [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,881224,00.html famous atheists]). Hiss was no "Hopkins Babbit [sic],"<ref>A misspelled reference to the [http://www.bookrags.com/studyguide-babbi/char.html reactionary, conservative] [http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org/definitions/babbitt bourgeois] George F. Babbitt, of the [https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/1156 eponymous 1922 novel] by socialist [[Sinclair Lewis]]</ref> according to his class yearbook; he could discourse on a wide range of topics "from Soviets to styles" with "irresistible logic and rhetoric."<ref>"[http://mdhistory.net/hiss/1926yrbk.pdf Alger Hiss]," ''Hullabaloo'' (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University, 1926), p. 116 (PDF p. 3)</ref>

===Harvard Law School===
After graduating in 1926, Hiss went on to [[Harvard Law School]], along with [[Noel Field]] and [[Laurence Duggan]]. There he resumed his friendship with boyhood friend [[Henry Collins]] and served on the ''[[Harvard Law Review]]'' with editor [[Lee Pressman]].<ref>[[#refHUAC48|HUAC 1948]]: 643 (PDF 153). Pressman would eventually [[testify]] that he had been a member of the "[[Ware group]]," an underground group of [[Communist]]s in the Federal government. ([[#refHUAC50.2|HUAC 1950, pt. 2]]: 2850 [PDF 16]; cf. [[#refIPR52|S. Rpt. 2050]], Appendix: 5503 [Exhibit No. 1402]); Pressman would also corroborate Chambers' identification of [[Nathan Witt|Witt]], [[John Abt]] and [[Charles Kramer]] as members of this [[Communist]] cell ([[#refChambers52|Chambers 1952]]: 612), and admit under oath that he recognized Chambers. ([[#refGall99|Gall 1999]]: 553)</ref> Hiss became a protégé of [[Felix Frankfurter]], who was at the time the [https://www.theatlantic.com/unbound/flashbks/oj/frankff.htm leading champion] of the [[conviction|convicted]] [[murder]]ers [[Sacco and Vanzetti]],<ref>Felix Frankfurter, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=GiV9cR6277UC The Case of Sacco and Vanzetti: A Critical Analysis for Lawyers and Laymen]'' (Buffalo: Wm. S. Hein & Co., 2003) ISBN 157588805X</ref> [[revolution]]ary [[terrorist]]s who had become a Communist<ref>Stephen Koch, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=YIoFAQAAIAAJ&pgis=1 Double Lives: Stalin, Willi Munzenberg and the Seduction of the Intellectuals]'' (New York: Enigma Books, rev. ed. 2004) ISBN 1929631200, pp. 31-39, 373 n. 23</ref> ''cause célèbre'',<ref>John F. Neville, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=PXn7LbZRK2IC Twentieth-Century Cause Celebre: Sacco, Vanzetti, and the Press, 1920-1927]'' (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2004) ISBN 0275977838 p. 101</ref> and whom Alger Hiss would reportedly [http://www.discoverthenetworks.org/individualProfile.asp?indid=2278 emulate] (and to whom he would later [https://web.archive.org/web/20120507180857/https://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/1996/11/24/an-american-melodrama.html compare himself]). Explaining how he had become a "militant communist," Hiss's Harvard classmate, fellow State Department official and [[#refFieldUK|Soviet intelligence source]] Noel Field would later write, "The shock of the Sacco-Vanzetti executions drove me leftward."<ref>[[#refWeinstein78|Weinstein 1978]]: 174. N.B. New evidence [http://hnn.us/articles/4527.html suggests] that Sacco and Vanzetti were [https://web.archive.org/web/20090510093435/http://www.cbc.ca/arts/story/2006/01/28/uptonsinclair-boston.html guilty]. [[#refAvrich05|Avrich 2005]]: 133</ref>

==Early career==
[[Image:Wallstreetbmb.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Wall Street bombing, 1920, attributed to [http://www.crimemagazine.com/916-terrorists-bomb-wall-street Galleanists]. ''World-Telegram photo. Source: [http://www.fbi.gov/news/stories/2007/september/wallstreet_091307 Federal Bureau of Investigation]/[http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.pnp/cph.3c32521 Library of Congress]'']][[Sacco and Vanzetti]] had been members of a [https://www.nytimes.com/1919/10/30/archives/nationwide-bomb-plot-unearthed-carnival-of-murder-was-planned-for.html?pagewanted=all terrorist]<ref>According to Paul Avrich, a [https://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/24/nyregion/24avrich.html historian of the anarchist movement], the 1920 Wall Street bombing that killed more than 30 people was the work of the Galleanist Mario Buda. [[#refAvrich05|Avrich 2005]]: 133. Cf. [[#refMorgan04|Morgan 2004]]: 58; Mike Davis, "[http://motherjones.com/print/11655 The Poor Man's Air Force: A History of the Car Bomb (Part 1)]," ''Mother Jones'', April 12, 2006</ref> group known as the [http://www.inthesetimes.com/article/3100/the_lessons_of_sacco_and_vanzetti/ Galleanists],<ref>[[#refAvrich96|Avrich 1996]]: 59-60</ref> which was responsible for the [http://www.slate.com/id/3135/ May Day 1919 attempted bombing] of [http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9406E3D61238EE32A25752C0A9639C946896D6CF a number] of [http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/disp_textbook.cfm?smtID=2&psid=3381 public figures],<ref>[[#refAvrich96|Avrich 1996]]: 146</ref> including [[Supreme Court of the United States|Supreme Court]] Justice [[Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.]]<ref>[[#refAvrich96|Avrich 1996]]: 143</ref> Ironically, when Hiss graduated from law school in 1929, [[Felix Frankfurter|Frankfurter]] got him the [[#refTime2.13.50|coveted]] job of [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,888531,00.html law clerk to Holmes]. Influential as Frankfurter was, Hiss said he was probably even [http://homepages.nyu.edu/~th15/daynight.html more influenced by Holmes], whom [http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/hiss/hissholmes.jpg Hiss admired] as "a [[skeptic]] of the first order" who "denied the [[existence]] of [[God]]."<ref>[[#refSmith76|Smith 1976]]: 58. It has been suggested that Hiss himself was [http://www.claremont.org/crb/article/to-be-as-gods/ an atheist].</ref>

In violation of a condition of this employment<ref>[[#refWhite04|White 2004]]: 14, [[#refJacoby09|Jacoby 2009]]: 47</ref> Hiss got [[marriage|married]], to the former Mrs. [http://www.lib.utexas.edu/taro/uthrc/00330/hrc-00330.html#bioghist Thayer Hobson] (''née'' Priscilla Fansler), a supporter of perennial [[Socialist]] Party [[presidential]] candidate [[Norman Thomas]].<ref>[[#refWeinstein78|Weinstein 1978]]: 457</ref> Hiss had met her on a transatlantic cruise when he was nineteen,<ref>[[#refWhite04|White 2004]]: 11</ref> though she'd since had a [[marriage]], a [[Mexican]] [[divorce]],<ref>[[#refZeligs80|Meyer Zeligs Papers]] (October 13, 1963), Harvard Law School Library Special Collections, cited in Ivan Chen, [http://works.bepress.com/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1000&context=ivan_chen Alger Hiss, 1926-1929], p. 31</ref> a pregnancy by a married man, and an [[abortion]].<ref>[[#refWhite04|White 2004]]: 158-159</ref> Hiss went on to the prestigious [[Boston]] [http://img.tfd.com/WEAL/weal_05_img0977.jpg law firm] of [http://www.choate.com/ Choate, Hall & Stewart].<ref>[[#refHK06|Haynes, Klehr 2006]]: 97. This firm was connected to former Ambassador to the [[United Kingdom]] Joseph Hodges Choate, whose family founded the the [https://www.forbes.com/2009/04/06/america-elite-schools-leadership-prep_slide_2.html elite] [[New England]] prep school then known as The Choate School (now [http://www.choate.edu/ Choate Rosemary Hall]).</ref>

[[Image:American-cities-125.jpg|thumb|300px|left|Bombing of the Federal building, Chicago, moments after [[#refNARAcities|95 Wobblies]] were convicted there, 1918. ''Source: National Archives and Records Administration'']][[#refMHSL|Two years later]], Hiss followed his wife to [[New York City|New York]], where she had obtained a grant from the [http://www.carnegiefoundation.org/ Carnegie Foundation], sister organization of the [http://www.carnegieendowment.org/ Carnegie Endowment], of which Alger would later serve as president. Hiss joined the [http://www.legalaffairs.org/issues/September-October-2005/toa_sepoct05.msp white shoe firm]<ref>Nancy Lisagor and Frank Lipsius, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=VHohAQAAIAAJ A Law Unto Itself: The Untold Story of the Law Firm Sullivan & Cromwell]'' (Paragon House, 1989) ISBN 1557782393, p. 234</ref> Cotton, Franklin, Wright and Gordon.<ref>[[#refWhite04|White 2004]]: 27. This firm is now known as [http://www.cahill.com/index.html Cahill, Gordon and Reindell, LLP].</ref>

During this period, Hiss became "[[#refChronology|radicalized]]":<ref>[[#refWhite04|White 2004]]: 208</ref> In 1930, he made a coy reference to [[#refNYT9.5.1918|the terrorist]]<ref>On July 4, 1914, three IWW members were killed in New York when a bomb they were constructing exploded. The bomb also killed a woman in the next apartment, maimed many others, and destroyed the building. ("Anarchist bomb believed for Rockefeller kills three I.W.W. makers and a woman--injures many--wrecks tenement house," New York Sun, 5 July 1914, p. 1.) Moments after the sentencing of [[#refNARAcities|95 Wobbies]] (including IWW boss [["Big Bill" Haywood]]) for a series of such acts, at the Chicago Federal Building in 1918, a bomb ripped through the building, [[#refNYT9.5.1918|killing four]]. Charles Howard McCormick, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=Vcvhrdr6drgC Hopeless Cases: The Hunt for the Red Scare Terrorist Bombers]'' (Lanham, Md.: University Press of America, 2005) ISBN 0761831320, pp. 31-31</ref> [[Industrial Workers of the World]], writing to Priscilla, "[D]id thee call thyself a [[Industrial Workers of the World|Wobbly]] with an [[Industrial Workers of the World|I.W.W.]] tongue in thy [[socialist]]ic (I couldn't bring myself to write '[[Communist]]ic') cheek?" Suggesting that an article questioning the [[legitimacy]] of the existing “[[capitalist]] order”<ref>Archibald MacLeish, “To the Young Men of Wall Street,” ''Saturday Review'', January 16, 1932</ref> did not go far enough, Hiss wrote to Priscilla in 1932, “Has thee seen [[Archibald MacLeish]]'s article on [[capitalism]] in last week's ''Saturday Review''? [[Felix Frankfurter|Felix]] says it is soft thinking after [[Edmund Wilson|Wilson]].”<ref>[[#refHiss2000|T. Hiss 2000]]: 140-141</ref>

By that year, Priscilla [[#refNoe9|had registered]] as a member of the Socialist Party,<ref>[[#refWeinstein78|Weinstein 1978]]: 85</ref> serving (along with various "Communists, Socialists, and nonaffiliated radicals") on the Advisory Board of American Labor Associates;<ref>[[#refWeinstein78|Weinstein 1978]]: 86-87</ref> Alger, meanwhile (together with [[Lee Pressman|Pressman]]),<ref>[[#refWhite04|White 2004]]: 27</ref> [[#refChronology|had joined]] the International Juridical Association (IJA),<ref>[[#refZeligs67|Zeligs 1967]]: 445</ref> which "consistently followed the [[Communist Party]] line."<ref>"[http://ia700408.us.archive.org/10/items/reportonnational1950unit/reportonnational1950unit_bw.pdf Report on the National Lawyers Guild, legal bulwark of the Communist Party]," Committee on Un-American Activities, House of Representatives, United States Congress (1950), p. 12 (PDF p. 18)</ref>

==New Deal==
===Agricultural Adjustment Administration===
[[Image:Ukraine-famine-holodomor.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Victims of [[Stalin]]'s [[Holodomor|Terror-Famine]], Ukraine, 1933. ''Source: Andrew Gregorovich, "[http://infoukes.com/history/famine/gregorovich/ Black Famine in Ukraine 1932-33: A Struggle for Existence]," ''Forum: A Ukrainian Review'' No. 24 (1974)'']]In 1933, [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt]], a [[liberal]]<ref>The words [[liberal]] and [[liberalism]] "entered the language of [[American]] politics in the early years of [[Franklin Roosevelt]]'s administration, and afterwards they stood for the viewpoint of the [[New Deal]]." Paul Roazen, "Introduction," Louis Hartz, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=0dFEHUgqqbkC The Necessity of Choice: Nineteenth-Century Political Thought]'' (New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Publishers, 1990) ISBN 0887383262, p. 6</ref> [[Democratic Party|Democrat]],<ref>"...[[Franklin Roosevelt]] was a [[Democrat]]." Peter W. Colby, ed., ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=Gsr9rgvClpwC New York State Today: Politics, Government, Public Policy]'' (Albany, N.Y.: SUNY Press, 1985) ISBN 0873959604, p. 52</ref> was inaugurated as [[President]] and granted [http://pjmedia.com/eddriscoll/2013/07/08/interview-diana-west/?singlepage=true official US government recognition] to the government of the [[Soviet Union]]. Frankfurter sent Hiss a [https://www.salon.com/books/feature/1999/06/01/hiss/index.html telegram]<ref>[[#refHiss89|Hiss 1989]]: 52</ref> strongly urging him<ref>[[#refHUAC48|HUAC 1948]]: 644 (PDF 154)</ref> to join FDR's administration.

[[Lee Pressman|Pressman]] had already gotten into the government, in the [[Agricultural Adjustment Administration]] (AAA).
That [[New Deal]]<ref>Roosevelt and his supporters saw the New Deal in revolutionary and dictatorial terms: [[First Lady]] [[Eleanor Roosevelt]] “lamented that the nation lacked a [http://www.slate.com/id/2000099/entry/1003296/ benevolent dictator] to force through reforms." [[#refVenona1289|Soviet intelligence source]] Walter Lippmann told Roosevelt, "The situation is critical, Franklin. You may have no alternative but to assume [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,924464,00.html dictatorial powers]"; in his influential column, Lippmann added that the use of "'dictatorial powers,' if that is the name for it—[http://www.nybooks.com/articles/22273 is essential].'" The ''New York Herald Tribune'' approved FDR's inauguration with the headline "[https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5525748 FOR DICTATORSHIP IF NECESSARY]." In response to a hit [[Hollywood]] [http://allmovie.com/work/gabriel-over-the-white-house-19092 movie] featuring as hero a President who “dissolves Congress, creates an army of the unemployed, and lines up his enemies before a [https://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/07/books/chapters/0507-1st-alter.html?pagewanted=all firing squad],” FDR wrote "I think it is an intensely interesting picture and should do much to help." Jonathan Alter, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=ASmlaOHQNawC The Defining Moment: FDR's Hundred Days and the Triumph of Hope]'' (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2007) ISBN 0743246012, p. 185</ref> agency was the brainchild of FDR's [[Secretary of Agriculture]] ([http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=W000077 and future] [[Vice president|Vice President]]) [[Henry Wallace]], who was reportedly "most impressed" with [https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/generic/VP_Henry_Wallace.htm Soviet collective farming] (and urged FDR to become a "[http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F4061FF83C5C16738DDDAB0994DB405B838FF1D3 farm dictator]"). After running for [[President]] in 1948 on the [[Communist]]-inspired<ref>The Progressive Party was in fact a [http://www.frontpagemag.com/readArticle.aspx?ARTID=11398 creation of the Communist Party], growing out of [[CPUSA]] General Secretary Eugene Dennis' February 12, 1946 order "to establish in time for the 1948 elections a national third party." Eugene Dennis, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=TafcYQEACAAJ What America Faces]'' (New York: New Century Publishers, 1946), pp. 37-38. Cf. Arthur Meier Schlesinger, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=yeoSSLzr-jAC The vital center: the politics of freedom]'' (Transaction Publishers, 1997) ISBN 1560009896, p. 115; Arthur Meier Schlesinger, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=LLyNX6hMDCIC A Life in the Twentieth Century: Innocent Beginnings, 1917-1950]'' (New York: Houghton Mifflin, 2000) ISBN 0618219250, pp. 455-456; Karl M. Schmidt, ''[http://ia700307.us.archive.org/34/items/henryawallace006268mbp/henryawallace006268mbp.pdf Henry A. Wallace: Quixotic Crusade 1948]'' (Syracuse University Press, 1960), p. 265 (PDF p. 291). In 1955, the [[SISS|Jenner subcommittee]] cited the Progressive Party on its list of subversive organizations, identified as [http://www.joincalifornia.com/party/Independent%20Progressive a Communist front].</ref> [http://www.joincalifornia.com/party/Independent%20Progressive Progressive Party] ticket, Wallace would finally recant [https://www.cnn.com/2008/LIVING/wayoflife/05/09/almost.great.men/index.html his support] for the [[Soviet Union]]<ref>[[Henry Wallace|Wallace]] said if he were to become President, he would appoint [[#refVenona1613|Soviet agent]] [[#refBronner98|Laurence Duggan as Secretary of State]]. Had [[FDR]] died [http://www.trumanlibrary.org/lifetimes/whouse.htm 82 days] earlier, Wallace would indeed have become President.</ref> in 1952.<ref>Henry Agard Wallace, “Where I Was Wrong.” ''This Week'', September 2, 1952</ref>

[[Image:Woman Child.jpg|thumb|200px|left|Propaganda photograph taken [http://pjmedia.com/eddriscoll/2014/06/01/interview-forgotten-man-graphic-novel/?singlepage=true to justify federal spending] by the Resettlement Administration, brainchild of Rexford Tugwell,<ref>"...the most left-wing member of Roosevelt's brain trust," who "was frank about his admiration for the Soviet planned economy..." Wolfgang Schivelbusch, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=Z3GV5_n1h04C Three New Deals: Reflections on Roosevelt's America, Mussolini's Italy, and Hitler's Germany, 1933-1939]'' (Macmillan, 2006) ISBN 080507452X, p. 31-32</ref> 1936. ''[http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/list/128_migm.html Farm Security Administration Collection], Library of Congress'']]At the peak of [[Stalin]]'s [[Holodomor|Terror Famine]] (which killed some 14 million<ref>[[#refConquest91|Conquest 1991]]: 306</ref> people through [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/04/26/AR2008042602039_pf.html collectivization of agriculture]), the AAA [https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/9551/Agricultural-Adjustment-Administration curtailed U.S. farm production] in order to [http://econbrowser.com/archives/2007/01/the_new_deal_an drive up food prices]—at a time when (according to FDR) one in three Americans was already "[http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/5105/ ill-nourished]."<ref>“During the Great Depression of the 1930s, agricultural price support programs led to vast amounts of food being deliberately destroyed at a time when malnutrition was a serious problem in the United States.... For example, the federal government bought 6 million hogs in 1933 alone and destroyed them. Huge amounts of farm produce were plowed under, in order to keep it off the market and maintain prices at the officially fixed level, and vast amounts of milk were poured down the sewers for the same reason. Meanwhile, many American children were suffering from diseases caused by malnutrition.” (Thomas Sowell, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=gbfTLG_HmGEC Basic Economics]'' [New York: Basic Books, 2007] 3rd Ed., ISBN 0465002609, p. 56) As Gene Smiley, emeritus professor of economics at Marquette University, writes in ''[http://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/GreatDepression.html The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics]'': "Reduced production, of course, is what happens in depressions, and it never made sense to try to get the country out of depression by reducing production further. In its zeal, the administration apparently did not consider the elementary impossibility of raising all real wage rates and all real prices."
"In two separate studies of the plight of southern tenant farmers in the 1930s, the historians David Eugene Conrad and Donald H. Grubbs have blamed not the banks but the agricultural policies of the New Deal itself. In the early 1930s, some sixty percent of farms in Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Texas were operated by tenants. However, during the Depression they found themselves victims of Franklin Roosevelt’s 1933 Agricultural Adjustment Act, which required landlords to reduce their cotton acreage. Fortified by AAA subsidies, the landlords evicted their tenants and consolidated their holdings. It was [https://web.archive.org/web/20021112222619/http://www.newcriterion.com/archive/20/jun02/steinbeck.htm government handouts, not bank demands, that led these landlords to buy tractors and decrease their reliance on tenant families]." "[https://web.archive.org/web/20080227033237/http://www.economics.hawaii.edu/research/seminars/02-03/02-21.pdf One] [http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/pdf/10.1086/421169 study] found that such [[New Deal]] policies prolonged the [[Great Depression]] by about [http://newsroom.ucla.edu/portal/ucla/FDR-s-Policies-Prolonged-Depression-5409.aspx seven years].</ref>

In response to a query about candidates for employment at AAA, [[Lee Pressman|Pressman]] wrote, "I have talked to Alger Hiss and [fellow IJA member]<ref>Martin Dies, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=bIVCVinv63AC The Trojan horse in America]'' (Ayer Publishing, 1977) ISBN 0405099452, p. 92</ref> [[Nathan Witt|Nat Witt]] who are considering" taking posts at AAA. Hiss would later deny under oath that he had discussed the position with Pressman,<ref>[[#refWeinstein78|Weinstein 1978]]: 133</ref> but he soon got a position as assistant general counsel to the AAA. There he met [[#refBC07|the Communist]]<ref>[[#refHK06|Haynes, Klehr 2006]]: 94</ref> [[Harold Ware]],<ref>[[#refHUAC48|HUAC 1948]]: 652 (PDF 162)</ref> son of [http://asteria.fivecolleges.edu/findaids/sophiasmith/mnsss8_bioghist.html American Communist Party founder] [[Ella Reeve Bloor|"Mother" Bloor]]. Ware had recently returned from several years in the [[Soviet Union]], where he had been instrumental in the organization of [http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/archives/ukra.html collective farms].<ref>James C. Scott, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=PqcPCgsr2u0C Seeing Like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition have Failed]'' (Yale University Press, 1998) ISBN 0300078153, pp. 200-201. [[Harold Ware|Ware]] reportedly "tricked" [[USSR|Soviet]] peasants into collective farms. (Deborah Kay Fitzgerald, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=nQMNb6nGmPsC Every Farm a Factory: The Industrial Ideal in American Agriculture]'' [New Haven: Yale University Press, 2003] ISBN 0300088132, p. 161). "As the Soviet archives reveal, the experiment was a dystopian nightmare. Ware and [[Jessica Smith|Smith]] lured a group of unenthusiastic peasants into their grasp and proceeded to abuse them in a [http://www.frontpagemag.com/readArticle.aspx?ARTID=14209 brutal fashion]." (C.f. Sean McMeekin, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=uvDBIpHZAE8C The Red Millionaire: A Political Biography of Willi Münzenberg, Moscow's Secret Propaganda Tsar in the West]'' [Yale University Press, 2003] ISBN 0300130090, pp. 130-141) For this Ware received a [http://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1922/oct/20b.htm commendation from Lenin], praise repeated by [[Stalin]] (J.V. Stalin, ''[http://www.marx2mao.com/PDFs/StWorks11.pdf Works, Vol. 11: 1928-March 1929]'' [Moscow: Foreign Languages Publishing House, 1954], pp. 195-196.) Back in the U.S., he founded the [[#refBerle|Communist-front]] Farm Research Incorporated, which published ''[[Facts for Farmers]]'', a [[List of Communist publications|communist publication]] intended to influence decision makers in the Agricultural Department. [[#refTanenhaus97|Tanenhaus 1997]]: 92-93</ref> Ware recruited Hiss<ref>[[#refWhite04|White 2004]]: 30</ref> into a secret Communist Party cell within AAA<ref>[[#refHUAC50.2|HUAC 1950, pt. 2]]: 2850 (PDF 16)</ref> known as the [[Ware group]].<ref>Harvey Klehr, John Earl Haynes and Fridrikh Igorevich Firsov, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=MBHSY0bCFWoC The Secret World of American Communism]'' (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996) ISBN 0300068557, p. 96</ref>

Other members of this cell included Hiss's Harvard friends [[Henry Collins|Collins]] and [[Lee Pressman|Pressman]] (who would join the [[Communist Party]] about this time),<ref>[[#refHUAC50.2|HUAC 1950, pt. 2]]: 2850 (PDF 16)</ref> as well as [[Nathan Witt|Witt]] (who would be identified as a fellow [[Communist]] by Pressman),<ref>[[#refChambers52|Chambers 1952]]: 612</ref> [[#refCook91|secret Communist]] [[John Abt]]<ref>[[#refHUAC48|HUAC 1948]]: 643 (PDF 153)</ref> and [[USSR|Soviet]] spy<ref>[[#refSpies09|Hanes, Klehr, Vassiliev 2009]]: 279-282</ref> [[Charles Kramer]]. Abt would later admit having been a member of the [[Ware group]],<ref>John J. Abt with Michael Myerson, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=9REaIPPh4k4C Advocate and Activist: Memoirs of an American Communist Lawyer]'' (University of Illinois Press, 1993) ISBN 0252020308, pp. 40-41. Abt would become [[#refCook91|chief counsel]] for the Communist Party. In 1950-53, Abt would unsuccessfully defend the [[Communist Party]] before the [[Subversive Activities Control Board]], which found that the party was required by law to register as an agent of a foreign power (83d Cong., 1st sess., Document No. 41, Subversive Activities Control Board, [http://ia600409.us.archive.org/22/items/herbertbrownellj1956unit/herbertbrownellj1956unit_bw.pdf Herbert Brownell, Jr. Attorney General of the United States, Petitioner vs. Communist Party of the United States of America, Respondent: Report of the Board], April 23, 1953 [Washington: United States Government Printing Office: 1953], pp. 1, 132 [PDF pp. 9, 140]); he would later argue unsuccessfully before the [[Supreme Court]] for the repeal of the [[#refCook91|McCarran Act]]. Arrested for [https://www.nytimes.com/1993/09/09/books/books-of-the-times-kennedy-assassination-answers.html the assassination of President] [[John F. Kennedy]] in 1963, [http://www.aarclibrary.org/publib/jfk/wc/wcvols/wh25/html/WC_Vol25_0085b.htm self-proclaimed "Marxist"] (Warren Commission Hearings, CE 2240, [http://www.aarclibrary.org/publib/jfk/wc/wcvols/wh25/html/WC_Vol25_0085b.htm FBI transcript: Lee Oswald to the Socialist Party of America Vol. XXV, p. 140], October 3, 1956) [[Lee Harvey Oswald]] would request Abt as his attorney. [http://www.aarclibrary.org/publib/jfk/wc/wcvols/wh7/html/WC_Vol7_0154a.htm Testimony of Harry D. Holmes], Warren Commission Hearings, Vol. VII, pp. 299-300. Cf. [http://www.aarclibrary.org/publib/jfk/wc/wcvols/wh7/html/WC_Vol7_0168b.htm Testimony of H. Louis Nichols], Warren Commission Hearings, Vol. VII, pp. 328-329; [http://www.aarclibrary.org/publib/jfk/wc/wcvols/wh10/html/WC_Vol10_0062b.htm Testimony of John J. Abt], Warren Commission Hearings, Vol. XX, p. 116; [http://www.aarclibrary.org/publib/jfk/wc/wr/html/WCReport_0315b.htm Report of Capt. J.W. Fritz, Dallas Police Department], p. 8, Report of the President's Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy, p. 606</ref> as would [http://oasis.lib.harvard.edu/oasis/deliver/~sch01057 Communist writer] Hope Hale Davis (wife of [[Comintern]] agent<ref>Chapman Pincher, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=netJI5stGlwC Treachery: Betrayals, Blunders, and Cover-ups: Six Decades of Espionage against America and Great Britain]'' (Random House, Inc., 2009) ISBN 140006807X, pp. 43-47, 61.</ref> Claud Cockburn), who would write that its meetings involved discussions of how to "achieve promotion—a primary goal," or whether to "try to influence policy," as well as "secret directives—for purloining official documents," etc.<ref>Hope Hale Davis, "Looking Back at my Years in the Party," ''New Leader'', February 11, 1980, pp. 11, 13. Cf. [[#refGall99|Gall 1999]]: 41. According to Davis, the Ware group “was used, [http://homepages.nyu.edu/~th15/nav2.html to my knowledge], for stealing documents from government agencies.” Her husband, she said, regularly supplied “a party contact confidential information from his job.” Davis added, “Everyone in Hal Ware's group had accepted the directive to get whatever we could for the party to use in any way it saw fit.” Eric Jacobs et al., "Arguments (New and Old) About the Hiss Case," [https://books.google.com/books?id=DA4HAQAAIAAJ''Encounter'', vol. 52] (March 1979), p. 87</ref> This influx of radicals caused AAA administrator George Peek to resign in protest, writing:
{{cquote|A plague of young lawyers settled on Washington. They all claimed to be friends of somebody or other and mostly of Felix Frankfurter and Jerome Frank<ref>According to radical lawyer Arthur Kinoy, [https://www.weeklystandard.com/articles/childs-play_591433.html?nopager=1. leader of a group of secret Communists], Frank was "the leading liberal judge on the court; Jerome Frank, the intellectual leader of the New Deal and architect of its most progressive legislation; Jerome Frank, the idol of young progressive law students and leader of the liberals when he taught law at Yale, who had led the fight against the conservatism of the old-guard faculty...." Arthur Kinoy, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=8IQaAAAAIAAJ&pgis=1 Rights on Trial: The Odyssey of a People's Lawyer]'' (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1983) ISBN 0674770137, p. 97</ref>... in the legal division were formed the plans which eventually turned the AAA from a device to aid the farmers into a device to introduce the collectivist system of agriculture into this country.<ref>George N. Peek with Samuel Crowther, “In and Out: the Experiences of the First AAA Administrator,” ''The Saturday Evening Post'', May 16, 1936, p. 5</ref>}}
Even before the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] would learn of [[Whittaker Chambers]]' charges, one of Hiss's colleagues at the AAA<ref>Apparently Leonore Fuller, sister of Secretary of State James Byrnes, who would later force Hiss out of the State Department. [http://media.clemson.edu/library/special_collections/findingaids/manuscripts/mss090Byrnes/byrnes.htm James F. Byrnes Papers], Finding Aid: [http://media.clemson.edu/library/special_collections/findingaids/manuscripts/mss090Byrnes/Mss90-02ByrnesSenatorial.pdf Series 2: Senatorial Series, 1924-1941; bulk 1933-1941], p. 1 [http://media.clemson.edu/library/special_collections/findingaids/manuscripts/mssindex.htm Manuscript Collections], [http://www.clemson.edu/ Clemson University] [http://www.clemson.edu/library/ Library]. Cf. "Leonora Fuller" in Morton Levitt and Michael Levitt, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=oiN4AAAAMAAJ A tissue of lies: Nixon vs. Hiss]'' (McGraw-Hill, 1979) ISBN 0070373973, p. 267</ref> would tip off FBI investigators that Hiss and his circle were [[fellow traveller|fellow travelers]], if not Communists.<ref>FBI memorandum: Ladd to Hoover, January 28, 1949, p. 2 (FBI file: Hiss-Chambers, Vol. 44)</ref> In February 1935, the "[[#refChronology|radicals]]" [http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,748453,00.html were "purged"] from AAA. According to [[New Deal]]er [http://archon.brandeis.edu/?p=collections/controlcard&id=70 Gardner Jackson]:<ref>Five years later, when [[HUAC]] would expand its probes to include [[Nazi]] allies -- including (during the [[Nazi-Soviet pact]]) [[Communist]]s -- Jackson would [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,883947,00.html pay American Fascist David Mayne for forged letters] in a failed attempt to smear the committee.</ref>
{{cquote|Late in the day of our dismissal Wallace sent word that he would see two of the people on the dismissal list. Jerome Frank and a member of his legal staff, Alger Hiss, were delegated for the interview. Wallace haltingly greeted them (and, through them, others on the list) as "the best fighters in a good cause" he had ever worked with. But he said that he had to [https://www.theatlantic.com/doc/194808/henry-wallace fire them].}}

As it turned out, Jackson, Frank and Pressman were indeed fired—but [[#refChronology|Hiss was not]]. "Alger must have known at least a week before the purge that it was coming," said Jackson. "He undoubtedly told Pressman, and Lee told him what to do in order to remain in the Department as his pipeline."<ref>[[#refTL50|de Toledano, Lasky 1950]]: 60</ref>

Frank, believing Hiss to be closely linked to a coterie of Communist lawyers at the agency, would later refuse to appear as a character witness for him.<ref>[[#refWeinstein78|Weinstein 1978]]: 43</ref> According to reporters Ralph de Toledano and Victor Lasky (who covered the trials for ''Newsweek'' and the ''New York World-Telegram'', respectively): "When Hiss's lawyers approached a well-known jurist to ask him if he would appear as a character witness [for Hiss]...he said tartly: 'I have no way of knowing whether or not Mr. Hiss was ever a Communist. But as to his character—Mr. Hiss has no character.'"<ref>[[#refTL50|de Toledano, Lasky 1950]]: 60. [[Whittaker Chambers]] would testify that Hiss had "a great gentleness and sweetness of character," ([[#refHUAC8-7-48|HUAC August 7, 1948]]), although he would later admit glimpsing a "strange savagery" in Hiss's laughter at "the horrible old women of Baltimore" ([[#refChambers52|Chambers 1952]]: 363), and "the obvious pleasure he took in the most simple and brutal references to the President's physical condition as a symbol of the middle-class breakdown." (Hiss was one of the few insiders who knew that [[Franklin Roosevelt|Roosevelt]] was wheelchair-bound. See, e.g., Hugh Gregory Gallagher, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=kFpgOgAACAAJ FDR's Splendid Deception: The Moving Story of Roosevelt's Massive Disability and the Intense Efforts to Conceal it from the Public]'' [St. Petersburg, Fla.: Vandamere Press, 1999] ISBN 0918339502. To Hiss, according to one scholar, the ailing FDR epitomized "feeble, illegitimate authority that ought to die or disappear but refuses to do so." Alan Fraser Davis, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=8bo8AAAAIAAJ Skills, Outlooks and Passions: A Psychoanalytic Contribution to the Study of Politics]'' [Cambridge University Press, 1980] ISBN 0521293499, p. 449, n. 13) That savagery took a distinctly political form, as when Chambers raised with Hiss the issue of the bloody [[Moscow]] [[Great purge|purge trials]]: according to Chambers, Hiss replied coldly: "Yes, Stalin plays for keeps, doesn’t he?" ([[#refChambers52|Chambers 1952]]: 41) Likewise, when reminded that the prominent [http://mises.org/journals/scholar/MacKenzie7.pdf Democratic Socialist] [https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/273508/Irving-Howe Irving Howe] had written that he was persuaded of Hiss's guilt, Hiss snapped, "Howe? I don't consider him on the left." [[#refRemnick86|Remnick 1986]]</ref>

[[Henry Collins|Collins]] would refuse to testify on grounds of potential [[self-incrimination]],<ref>Mr. Stripling. Are you a member of the Communist Party?
Mr. Collins. I decline to answer that question on the grounds that my answer might tend to incriminate me.
...
Mr. Stripling. Did you ever meet Alger Hiss at that apartment?
Mr. Collins. I decline to answer that question for the same reason.
...
Mr. Stripling. Did you ever meet in the apartment of Alger Hiss on P Street in Georgetown in 1935?
Mr. Collins. I decline to answer that question on the grounds of possible self-incrimination.
...
Mr. Hebert. ...Now, why do you refuse to say whether you know Alger Hiss or not?...
Mr. Collins. I refuse to answer that question, sir, on the grounds that my answer might tend to incriminate me. [[#refHUAC48|HUAC 1948]]: 802-810 (PDF 312-320)</ref> but another AAA official, [[Nathaniel Weyl]], would later testify that he attended [[#refGuttenplan09|Communist cell meetings with Hiss]]<ref>Mr. COHN. Did you know Alger Hiss to be a member of the Communist party?
Mr. WEYL. Yes, I did.
Mr. COHN. Were you in the same Communist cell with Alger Hiss at one time?
Mr. WEYL. That is correct.
…
Mr. WEYL. ...Hiss and I were among the eight or nine people who met with the first meeting of that organization, I presume. So I was in this Communist cell with him for a period of approximately nine months.
[https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/resources/pdf/Volume1.pdf Testimony of Nathaniel Weyl] before the [[Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations of the Committee on Government Operations]], United States Senate, February 23, 1953, pp. 619-620 (PDF pp. 658-659)</ref> and [[#refTime3.3.52|saw him pay his party dues]],<ref>Nathaniel Weyl, “I Was in a Communist Unit with Hiss,” ''U.S. News and World Report'', January 9, 1953</ref> testimony he would reaffirm in his 2004 autobiography.<ref>Nathaniel Weyl, ''[http://www.worldcat.org/isbn/1413407471 Encounters With Communism]'' (Philadelphia: Xlibris, 2004) ISBN 1413407471, cited in [[#refSpies09|Haynes, Klehr, Vassiliev 2009]]: 551, n. 6; [[#refFoote|Haynes 2007]]</ref> Ex-Communists Ralph de Sola and George Hewitt would both also testify to having seen Hiss at [[Communist Party]] meetings.<ref>[[#refWeinstein78|Weinstein 1978]]: 360</ref> A former [[GRU]] station chief in [[London]] and [[New York]] reported that during the early and middle 1930s Hiss was a [http://h-net.msu.edu/cgi-bin/logbrowse.pl?trx=vx&list=H-HOAC&month=0704&week=d&msg=rdvHVZGvkWX%2BOMFhhKt2Iw&user=&pw= source of agent information] for a [[USSR|Soviet]] [[espionage|spy]] ring in Washington, the [[Silvermaster group]], according to Pavel Sudoplatov, former [https://www.nytimes.com/1996/09/28/world/pavel-sudoplatov-89-dies-top-soviet-spy-who-accused-oppenheimer.html deputy director of Foreign Intelligence for the USSR].<ref>[[#refSudoplatov95|Sudoplatov 1995]]: 227-228. Two others also alleged to be in contact with the [[Ware group]] ([[George Silverman]] and [[Harry Dexter White]]) would likewise be identified as sources of the [[Silvermaster group]].</ref>

===Nye Committee===
[[Image:00811h.jpg|thumb|300px|right|The Senate Munitions Committee: Arthur H. Vandenberg, Bennett Champ Clark, Gerald Nye, counsel Alger Hiss, and Homer T. Bone]]In 1934, again with an assist from [[Lee Pressman|Pressman]] ([https://www.nytimes.com/1997/03/09/books/the-truest-believer.html?pagewanted=all according to Jackson]),<ref>[[#refWeinstein78|Weinstein 1978]]: 143</ref> Hiss, "[[#refChronology|on loan]]" from AAA, became [[#refMHSL|General Counsel]] for the [[U.S. Senate]]'s [[Special Committee Investigating the Munitions Industry|Nye committee]], which investigated people Chairman [http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=n000176 Gerald P. Nye] (R.-N.D.) called [[Wall Street]]'s "merchants of death," whom he accused of conspiracy to "drag the [[United States|U.S.]] into a struggle" with [[Nazi]] [[Germany]] that, according to the U.S. Senate Historical Office, the noted [[progressive]]<ref>John Whiteclay Chambers II, "[http://www.answers.com/topic/gerald-nye Nye, Gerald P.]," ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=_Rzy_yNMKbcC The Oxford Companion to American Military History]'' (Oxford University Press, 1999) ISBN 0195071980, p. 515</ref> maintained was [https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/minute/merchants_of_death.htm none of our business]. One scholar dubbed these hearings a "witch-hunt" for "subversive [[capitalist]]s," in which Hiss was to Nye what [[Roy Cohn]] would later be to [[Senator]] [[Joe McCarthy]] (R.-Wisc.)<ref>Peter Viereck, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=7Xu9KvBGlZMC Unadjusted Man in the Age of Overadjustment: Where History and Literature Intersect]'' (Edison, N.J.: Transaction Publishers, 2004) ISBN 0765808064, pp. 156-157</ref> On the [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1916lenin-imperialism.html Leninist theory] that "capitalism was a cause of aggression,"<ref>James Grant, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=A5bfknd-WcQC Bernard M. Baruch: The Adventures of a Wall Street Legend]'' (John Wiley and Sons, 1997) ISBN 0471170755, p. 261</ref> Hiss employed what would later come to be known as "McCarthyite"<ref>[[#refHerman99|Herman 1999]]: 220</ref> methods, badgering witnesses. Even his son would admit that Hiss was "as intolerant as any communist ... high-handed, smug, arrogant," particularly toward the "business leaders he cross-examined caustically."<ref>[[#refHiss2000|T. Hiss 2000]]</ref> One such witness, [http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/baruch.html Bernard Baruch], was reportedly the first to openly assert that Hiss was a [[communist]].<ref>Bruce Craig, “[https://web.archive.org/web/20100604145023/http://www.nyu.edu/library/bobst/research/tam/hiss_bruce_craig.pdf Alger Hiss: Recent Explorations in Documenting the Public and Private Man]” (Alger Hiss and History, Inaugural Conference, Center for the United States and the Cold War, New York University, April 5, 2007), p. 5 (Archived). Hiss reciprocated, calling Baruch "a [[#refLH88|vain and overrated]] [https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/polonius Polonius]."</ref>

The [[USSR|Soviets]] took great interest in the work of the committee for its [[propaganda]] value<ref>[[#refRomerstein01|Romerstein, Breindel 2001]]: 115-116</ref> as well as its access to classified documents on U.S. armaments and foreign policy.<ref>[[#refHaunted|Weinstein, Vassiliev 1999]]: 40</ref> [[Moscow]] had at least one source on the staff of the committee, who provided valuable documents to the [[Kremlin]] in 1935,<ref>[[#refHaunted|Weinstein, Vassiliev 1999]]: 28-29</ref> the [[#refVenona1822|same year]] an agent later code-named "Ales" (pronounced "Alles") began working for [[GRU|Soviet military intelligence]]. The committee's chief investigator, Stephen Rauschenbusch,<ref>This was the [http://muse.jhu.edu/login?uri=/journals/rhetoric_and_public_affairs/v011/11.2.zietsma.pdf son of] Walter Rauschenbusch (Elizabeth Balanoff, [http://www2.roosevelt.edu/library/oralhistory/02-Herstein.pdf Interview with Lillian Herstein, Book 2], May 7, 1971 [Oral History Project in Labor History, Roosevelt University, 2006], p. 246 [PDF p. 41]), [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/rausch-socialgospel.html founder of] the "Social Gospel" movement--who wrote that Christianity should "aid the evolution of society from the present temporary stage of individualism to a higher form of communism." (Walter Rauschenbusch, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=mug-AAAAYAAJ Christianity and the Social Crisis]'' [Macmillan, 1913], p. 414) He also investigated [[Fabian socialism]] in England "under the tutelage of Beatrice and Sidney Webb" (Donovan Ebersole Smucker, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=fIP_Til4U64C The Origins of Walter Rauschenbusch's Social Ethics]'' [McGill-Queen's University Press, 1994] ISBN 0773511636, p. 18), for whom "communism became... a substitute for religion." Richard Ingrams, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=ezBbAAAAMAAJ Muggeridge: The Biography]'' (HarperCollins, 1995) ISBN 0002556103, p. 76</ref> would later refuse to testify as a character witness for Hiss;<ref>[[#refWhite04|White 2004]]: 68</ref> Nye would tell FBI investigators that he believed Hiss was a [[Communist]] during his time on the committee,<ref>[[#refWeinstein78|Weinstein 1978]]: 43-44</ref> and would later say he believed Hiss used his position for [[espionage]].<ref>John E. Wiltz, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=xpDtAAAAMAAJ In Search of Peace: The Senate Munitions Inquiry, 1934-1936]'' (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1963) ISBN B000GX1RX0, p. 53</ref>

Barely a month after joining the committee staff,<ref>[[#refHaunted|Weinstein, Vassiliev 1999]]: 40</ref> [https://www.nytimes.com/books/97/03/09/reviews/chambers-chronology.html Hiss met] [[Whittaker Chambers]]. A decade later, "Vadim" ([[Anatoly Gorsky]], then chief of Soviet intelligence in the U.S.)<ref>[[#refSword|Andrew, Mitrokin 2000]]: 90</ref> would report to Moscow that "‘Ales’ ... used to work in ‘Karl’s’ informational group, which was affiliated with the neighbors"<ref>[[#refVasBlack|Vassiliev Black Notebook]]: Orig. 26; Trans. 50-51</ref> (According to [[NSA]] cryptographers, "neighbors" was the code name for the [[GRU]], Soviet military intelligence);<ref>[[#refVStory|Benson 2001]]: 29 (PDF 31)</ref> three years after that, Gorsky would identify "Karl" as "Whittaker Chambers, former editor in chief of 'Time' magazine. Traitor."<ref>[[#refVasBlack|Vassiliev Black Notebook]]: Orig. 39; Trans. 77 (cf. [[#refBLH05|Bachman, Leich, Haynes 2005]]; [[#refLowCher|Lowenthal, Chervonnaya 2005]]); [[#refRomerstein01|Romerstein, Breindel 2001]]: 163; [[#refBC07|Bird, Chervonnaya 2007]]</ref>

According to Chambers, he was introduced to Hiss by Communist underground boss<ref>[[#refHUAC48|HUAC 1948]]: 569 (PDF 79); cf. [[#refHK03|Haynes, Klehr 2003]]: 143-146</ref> [[J. Peters]];<ref>[[#refChambers52|Chambers 1952]]: 339</ref> Hiss would claim that Chambers had wandered into his office without introduction, as a [[#refHissAppellate|free-lance]] [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,799060-2,00.html writer] looking for a story. [[Whittaker Chambers|Chambers]]' version would be corroborated by the [http://www.lib.uiowa.edu/spec-coll/Bai/bevilacq.htm radical] novelist [[Josephine Herbst]], whose then-[[husband]], [[John Herrmann]], was an AAA official, a member of the [[Ware group]]<ref>Philip A. Greasley, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=ZnuYKJSoHCMC Dictionary of Midwestern Literature: The Authors],'' (Indiana University Press, 2001) ISBN 0253336090, p. 264</ref> and a courier for the [[Communist]] underground<ref>[[#refHerman99|Herman 1999]]: 85</ref> subordinate to Chambers.<ref>Elinor Langer, "The Secret Drawer," ''The Nation'', May 30, 1994, p. 756. Herbst would be the first journalist to learn that Hiss's friend and teacher, José Robles, had been secretly [https://www.nytimes.com/1984/08/05/books/a-life-of-passionate-commitments.html?&pagewanted=all executed by the Communists]. Paul Preson, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=GdXvTmgQJc4C We Saw Spain Die: Foreign Correspondents in the Spanish Civil War]'', (Skyhorse Publishing Inc., 2009) ISBN 1602397678, p. 64</ref> Correspondence between Herrmann and Herbst confirms Chambers' testimony "to the detriment of Hiss";<ref>David D. Anderson, "John Herrmann, Midwestern Modern, Part II: The Alger Hiss Case and the Midwestern Literary Connection," ''[http://www.ssml.org/publications/midwest/mm_1991.pdf Midwestern Miscellany'' XIX] (East Lansing, MI: The Midwestern Press, 1991), p. 46</ref> Hiss would later claim that he did not even know Herrmann—[http://www.thenation.com/article/great-pumpkin a "lie,"] according to Herbst's biographer.

===Justice Department===
In 1935, Hiss transferred into the [[Justice Department]] as special assistant to the [http://www.usdoj.gov/osg/ Solictor General], where he unsuccessfully defended the [[Agricultural Adjustment Act]] before the [[United States Supreme Court]]<ref>[[#refHUAC48|HUAC 1948]]: 645 (PDF 155)</ref> ([http://www.law.cornell.edu/supct-cgi/get-us-cite?297+1 which ruled] the AAA [[unconstitutional]] in 1936).

====Hiss's 1929 Ford====
In the summer of 1936, [[J. Peters]] arranged a dummy transaction, according to Chambers, in which Hiss donated his 1929 Ford to the [[Communist Party]].<ref>[[#refChambers52|Chambers 1952]]: 378</ref> Hiss would deny this, testifying instead that he had sold<ref>"I sold him an automobile." [[#refHUAC48|HUAC 1948]]: 957 (PDF 467)</ref> or given<ref>Mr. Hiss...I don't think I got any
compensation. Mr. Stripling. You just gave him the car? Mr. Hiss. I think the car just went right in with it... Mr. Stripling. What kind of a bill of sale did you give Crosley? Mr. Hiss. I think I just turned over—in the District you get a certificate of title, I think it is, I think I just simply turned it over to him. Mr. Stripling. Handed it to him? Mr. Hiss. Yes. [[#refHUAC48|HUAC 1948]]: 958-959 (PDF 468-469)</ref> or loaned<ref>Hiss: "my letting Crosley use the Ford... it is even possible that he returned it to me after using it... Whether I gave him the car outright, whether the car came back, I don't know." [[#refHUAC48|HUAC 1948]]: 1093, 1095, 1104 (PDF 603, 605, 614)</ref> the car [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,888531,00.html to Chambers] in June 1935, after buying a new car.<ref>[[#refHUAC48|HUAC 1948]]: 957 (PDF 467)</ref> But Hiss did not buy a new car until some three months after this, and he continued to pay insurance on the Ford for a year [[#refCohen93|after he claimed to have gotten rid of it]].

Chambers' version would be corroborated by the car's certificate of title, which showed that Hiss actually transferred the car on July 23, 1936, to the Cherner Motor Company, which [http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/terrorists_spies/spies/hiss/5.html sold it the same day] to the [[Communist]]<ref>[[#refWhite04|White 2004]]: 60</ref> William Rosen for $25. The address listed on the certificate was not Rosen's but [http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/hiss/8-25testimony.html that of Benjamin Bialek], a [[#refHaynes5-10-05|leading official of the Baltimore Communist Party]]. The company's records of the transaction had vanished.<ref>[[#refHUAC48|HUAC 1948]]: 1065 (PDF 566); [[#refWeinstein78|Weinstein 1978]]: 47</ref> The salesman for the transaction refused to testify on grounds of potential self-incrimination; later investigation would establish that [http://h-net.msu.edu/cgi-bin/logbrowse.pl?trx=vx&list=h-hoac&month=0505&week=b&msg=02ybKmtOa6aYfyrfupryvw&user=&pw= he was a secret Communist] who on other occasions conducted automobile transfers to assist Soviet intelligence. Richard Tourin, son of a photographer for [http://www.johnearlhaynes.org/page100.html Philip Rosenbliet]’s espionage apparatus, wrote in his memoir that his father’s Soviet contact in 1937 rewarded his father’s service to the Soviets with [[#refHaynes5-10-05|a used car supplied via William Rosen]]. Rosen would [[#refHissAppellate|refuse to answer]] [https://www.leagle.com/decision/1949361174F2d187_1293.xml/UNITED%20STATES%20v.%20ROSEN questions about his role] in the transfer or in the [[Communist Party]] on grounds [[#refHissAppellate|of potential self-incrimination]]. Hiss's attorney, Edward McLean, wrote that Rosen's lawyer, Emmanuel Bloch,<ref>This was the same attorney who had represented Communist underground boss [[J. Peters]] in his deportation hearing; he would later represent [[Julius Rosenberg|Julius and Ethel Rosenberg]] in their espionage trial. [[#refWeinstein78|Weinstein 1978]]: 53. [[Alan Dershowitz]], Felix Frankfurter Professor of Law at Harvard Law School, characterized him as "[http://highered.nbclearn.com/portal/site/HigherEd/flatview?cuecard=1746 a communist ideologue]."</ref> told him:
{{cquote|…that Rosen did lend himself to a [[#refNYRB|dummy transaction]] concerning the Ford car.... [A]t some later date, a man came to see Rosen and told him that the title certificate to the Ford was in Rosen's name and asked Rosen to sign an assignment of it to some other person. Rosen did this. The man who came to see Rosen was a very high [[Communist]]. His name would be a sensation in this case. The man who ultimately got the car is also a Communist. Bloch implied that Rosen was a Communist too....<ref>[[#refWeinstein78|Weinstein 1978]]: 53</ref>}}
The title transfer bore a signature Hiss acknowledged to be his own,<ref>Mr. NIXON. All right; you are willing to testify now then that since Mr. Smith did notarize your signature as of that time, that it is your signature? Mr. HISS. On the basis of the assumptions you state, the answer is "Yes".... Mr. NIXON. You don't deny, however, that the notarization of your signature on the transfer to Cherner Motor Co. in July of 1936 is your signature? Mr. HISS. I certainly do not. [[#refHUAC48|HUAC 1948]]: 1116, 1119 (PDF 626, 629)</ref> notarized by Hiss's [[Justice Department]] colleague W. Marvin Smith. In 1948 Smith would tell the [[HUAC|Thomas committee]] that he had notarized Hiss's signature on the transfer,<ref>Mr. STRIPLING. I show you a photostatic copy of an assignment of title which was... subpenaed from the files, of the Vehicles and Traffic Division of the District of Columbia... It states in part... "Assignment of title. For value received the undersigned hereby sells, assigns, or transfer unto (name of purchaser)"; then, written in is "Cherner Motor Company; address, 1781 Florida Avenue, Northwest"... It says, "Signature of Assignor, Alger Hiss." Then it says, "On the 23d day of July 1936, before me, the subscriber, a notary public of the District of Columbia, personally appeared Alger Hiss, who made oath in due form of law that the above statements are true. Witness my hand and notarial seal, W. Marvin Smith, Notary Public." Is that your signature, Mr. Smith? Mr. SMITH. It sure does look like it. Mr. STRIPLING. You say it does? Mr. SMITH. Yes; I have no doubt it is. [[#refHUAC48|HUAC 1948]]: 1072 (PDF 582)</ref> but before he could so testify in the Hiss [[trial]], Smith would would be found dead from a fall down a five-story Justice Department stairwell; there would be no witnesses.<ref>"U.S. Lawyer Who Figured In Hiss Case Killed in Fall," ''The Washington Post,'' October 21, 1948, p. 1. Cf. "[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1893&dat=19510317&id=lQ8pAAAAIBAJ&sjid=39YEAAAAIBAJ&pg=4789,1952807 Drew Pearson's Washington Merry-Go-Round," ''The Southeast Missourian'', March 17, 1951], p. 6</ref>

====Hede Massing and Noel Field====
[[Image:AlgerHiss Sig.jpg|thumb|250px|right|The name “Alger Hiss” in Cyrillic (Алджер Хисс) from Alexander Vassiliev's notes on an April 1936 report from Hede Massing to Moscow Center. ''Image source: [[#refVas|Cold War International History Project]], Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars'']]At a 1935 dinner at the home of [[State Department]] official (and [[#refFieldUK|Soviet intelligence source]]) [[Noel Field]], Hiss argued with [[OGPU]] recruiter [[Hede Massing]] that Field should work with Hiss's [[GRU]] group, rather than Massing's OGPU group, according to Massing.<ref>Hede Massing, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=cogGAQAAIAAJ&pgis=1 This Deception]'' (New York: Duell, Sloan and Pearce, 1951), p. 335. Massing's account is corroborated by Czech archives. Central Intelligence Agency memorandum for Director, Federal Bureau of Investigation: Revelations of Karel Kaplan, June 29, 1977, [http://www.foia.cia.gov/docs/DOC_0000028650/0000028650_0015.gif p. 5] (CIA Freedom of Information Act Electronic Reading Room)</ref>

[[Noel Field|Field]] would defect in 1948 to [[Communist]] [[Czechoslovakia]], where he would tell the [[secret police]] that he was fleeing to avoid testifying in the [[trial]] of Alger Hiss, whom he identified as a fellow Communist underground agent in the [[State Department]] during the mid-thirties, according to official records published in 1990 by Karel Kaplan, former archivist of the Central Committee of the Czech [[Communist Party]].<ref>Karel Kaplan, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=x3s6sBZw-YkC&pg=PA19&dq=%22noel+field%22&sig=d7XE7yhraGkrz6k4AP0ljIqXEvY#PPA19,M1, Report on the Murder of the General Secretary]'' (London: I.B. Taurus & Co. Ltd., 1990), ISBN 1-85043-211-2, pp. 19-25</ref> A 1955 Czechoslovak secret police reinvestigation (obtained in 2000 by Czech [[human rights]] activist Karel Skrabek) states, "Noel Field said that … Hiss worked for the [[USSR]] as a spy."<ref>[[#refRomerstein01|Romerstein, Breindel 2001]]: 133</ref> Field would end up in Communist [[Hungary]], where in 1954 he would tell Hungarian secret police that he and Hiss "mutually realized we were Communists. Around the summer of 1935 Alger Hiss tried to induce me to do service for the [[USSR|Soviets]]."<ref>Transcripts: September 23, 1954; September 29, 1954. Noel Field file, Archives, Czechoslovak Ministry of the Interior, quoted in Mária Schmidt, ''[http://www.terrorhaza.hu/en/museum/about_us/curriculum_vitae.html Behind the Scenes of the Showtrials of Central-Eastern Europe]'', Budapest 1993 (uncorrected manuscript), cited in [[#refRomerstein01|Romerstein, Breindel 2001]]: 135; Mária Schmidt, “Noel Field—The American Communist at the Center of Stalin’s East European Purge: From the Hungarian Archives,” ''American Communist History'' 3, no. 2 (December 2004); Mária Schmidt, "The Hiss Dossier: A Historian's Report," ''The New Republic'', November 8, 1993, pp. 17-20</ref>

The transcripts also record [[Noel Field|Field]] [[#refTanenhaus93|saying that he turned over]] [[State Department]] documents to [[Hede Massing]] in the 1930s. In other statements Field twice said that although Hiss knew that Field “was a [[Communist]],” he strongly supported Field at the State Department and even tried to help him obtain a job as a State Department adviser in the [[Philippines]] in 1940.<ref>Ethan Klingsberg, "Case Closed on Alger Hiss?" ''The Nation'', November 8, 1993</ref> The dossier likewise records a statement by Field that he briefly visited Hiss in 1939 in [[America]], where they agreed that if either's cover was ever blown, he would communicate to the other indirectly.<ref>Sam Tanenhaus, “Hiss: Guilty as Charged,” ''Commentary'', April 1993; Sam Tanenhaus, "New Reasons to Doubt Hiss," ''Wall Street Journal'', November 18, 1993</ref> Shortly before his [https://www.nytimes.com/2001/03/02/arts/hermann-field-wartime-prisoner-and-novelist-90.html death in 2001], Field's brother Hermann said the dossier was accurate: Noel Field confirmed to him, said his brother, that [http://h-net.msu.edu/cgi-bin/logbrowse.pl?trx=vx&list=h-diplo&month=0506&week=d&msg=TtrUE8GbtON64EPU7AQOzA&user=&pw= Hiss was a spy].

[[Image:A. Hiss - Yurist.jpg|thumb|250px|left|The name “A. Hiss” and code name "Yurist" (Jurist) in Cyrillic (А. Хисс—"Юрист") from Vassiliev's notes on a Moscow Center annotation. ''Image source: [[#refVas|Cold War International History Project]], Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars'']]In a 1936 memorandum, found in the [[NKVD]] archives by former [[KGB]] agent [http://www.randomhouse.com/author/results.pperl?authorid=31935 Alexander Vassiliev], [[Hede Massing|Massing]] complains to [[Moscow]] that [[Field]] (to whom she refers by his code name "Ernst")<ref>R.C.S. Trahair, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=VNSMrps8mpcC Encyclopedia of Cold War Espionage, Spies, and Secret Operations]'' (Greenwood Publishing Group, 2004) ISBN 0313319553, p. 76</ref> "was approached by Alger Hiss" (Massing uses his real name), who "informed him that he is a Communist" with "ties to an organization working for the Sov. Union" —a serious breach of discipline. (A Moscow Center annotation identifies "A. Hiss" as the GRU agent designated by the code name "Jurist.")<ref>[[#refVasYellow2|Vassiliev Yellow Notebook #2]]: Orig. 3; Trans. 4; cf. [[#refHaunted|Weinstein, Vassiliev 1999]]: 6; [[#refSpies09|Haynes, Klehr, Vassiliev 2009]]: 6-7</ref> As a result, noted [[Boris Bazarov]], [[OGPU]] "illegal" station chief for the [[United States]],<ref>[[#refSpies09|Haynes, Klehr, Vassiliev 2009]]: 222</ref> Field "and Hiss [Bazarov also used Hiss's real name] [[#refPowers2000|have been openly identified]]" as [[USSR|Soviet]] agents.<ref>[[#refHaunted|Weinstein, Vassiliev 1999]]: 7; [[#refPowers04|Powers 2004]]: 89; [[#refWhite04|White 2004]]: 228</ref>

According to [[Hede Massing|Massing]], Hiss also asked [[Noel Field|Field]] to use his connections to help Hiss get into the [[State Department]].<ref>[[#refHK03|Haynes, Klehr 2003]]: 150; [[#refWhite04|White 2004]]: 228</ref>

==State Department==
Hiss took a 25% pay cut<ref>[[#refWhite04|White 2004]]: 41</ref> to transfer into the [[State Department]] in September 1936, the same month a [[GRU]] agent designated by the code name "Jurist" began working there.<ref>[[#refSpies09|Haynes, Klehr, Vassiliev 2009]]: 12</ref> Hiss was now special assistant to Assistant [[Secretary of State]] for Trade Agreements Francis B. Sayre, [http://archives.williams.edu/williamshistory/biographies/sayre-francis.php son-in-law] of [[Woodrow Wilson]]. Two years later, Alger's younger [[brother]] [[Donald Hiss|Donald]], who had followed him to [[Johns Hopkins University|Johns Hopkins]], [[Harvard Law School|Harvard Law]], and a clerkship for [[Oliver Wendell Holmes|Justice Holmes]], would join him at State, rising to the position of [https://www.nytimes.com/1989/05/20/obituaries/donald-hiss-82-ex-us-official-and-lawyer-in-washington-firm.html assistant to future Secretary of State] [[Dean Acheson]].

In a [[#refHK07|cable]] of the era found in the [[NKVD]] archives by Vassiliev, NKVD illegal [[Iskhak Abdulovich Akhmerov]] reports to [[Moscow]] that [[J. Peters]] (code-[http://hnn.us/articles/11581.html named] [[#refBLH05|"Storm"]])<ref>[[#refVasBlack|Vassiliev Black Notebook]]: Orig. 39; Trans. 77 (cf. [[#refBLH05|Bachman, Leich, Haynes 2005]]; [[#refLowCher|Lowenthal, Chervonnaya 2005]]); [[#refRomerstein01|Romerstein, Breindel 2001]]: 163; [[#refBC07|Bird, Chervonnaya 2007]]</ref> told him that "Hiss [Akhmerov used his real name] used to be a member of ''bratskiy'' organization (the [http://www.johnearlhaynes.org/page66.html CPUSA underground]) who had been implanted into 'Surrogate' (cover name for the [[State Department]])<ref>[[#refHaunted|Weinstein, Vassiliev 1999]]: 5</ref> and sent to the Neighbors [the [[GRU]]]<ref>[[#refVStory|Benson 2001]]: 29 (PDF 31)</ref>...."<ref>[[#refHK03|Haynes, Klehr 2003]]: 150; [[#refWhite04|White 2004]]: 230</ref>

At some point in 1935-37, [[Whittaker Chambers|Chambers]] [[#refHUAC8-17-48|gave Hiss a rug]] from Bokhara, in [[Soviet]] [[Uzbekistan]]. Just before [[Christmas]] 1936, [[Soviet]] [[Colonel]] [[Boris Bykov]], head of [[GRU|Soviet military intelligence]] in the U.S.,<ref>[[#refSpies09|Haynes, Klehr, Vassiliev 2009]]: 639</ref> had given Chambers $800 (equivalent to approximately [[#refBLS|$13,000 today]]) to buy four [http://justiceiro.smugmug.com/photos/113296067-M.jpg Bokhara rugs] for Hiss, [[Harry Dexter White]], [[George Silverman]], and [[Julian Wadleigh]], according to Chambers; Hiss would later claim that Chambers had given him his rug in 1935 in partial payment for rent.

Chambers' version was corroborated by [[Marxist]]<ref>Alan Wallach, "[https://solidarity-us.org/atc/62/p2424/ Marxist Art Historian: Meyer Schapiro, 1904-1996]," ''Against the Current'' 62 (May–June 1996), p. 52</ref> [[Columbia University]] [[art]] historian [https://www.nytimes.com/1996/03/04/us/meyer-schapiro-91-is-dead-his-work-wove-art-and-life.html Meyer Schapiro], who confirmed that he arranged the purchase (and produced the canceled check dated December 23, 1936); by the [[Massachusetts]] Importing Company of [[Manhattan]], which confirmed selling him the rugs (and produced the [[Bill of Sale]]); by White's widow and Silverman (who confirmed that they had received their rugs sometime between late 1936 and the fall of 1938); and by Wadleigh, [http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F00611FE345F177B93CBA91789D95F4D8485F9 who confessed] to having been a member of Chambers' apparatus and delivering documents to him, confirmed that he had received his rug for [[New Year's Day|New Year's]] 1937,<ref>[[#refHK06|Haynes, Klehr 2006]]: 117-118</ref> and conceded that he understood the rug to be a gift [[#refCohen93|from the Soviets]].

By 1937, the peak of [[Stalin]]'s [[Great Purge|Great Terror]]<ref>[[#refConquest91|Conquest 1991]]</ref> (the victims of which would number [https://www.nytimes.com/1990/05/13/books/now-it-can-be-told-even-in-russia.html?pagewanted=all over ten million]), Hiss was delivering packets of documents to [[Whittaker Chambers]] at intervals of a week or ten days, according to Oleg Gordievsky, the [http://www.guardian.co.uk/Archive/Article/0,4273,4126872,00.html highest-ranking] [[KGB]] officer ever to defect.<ref>[[#AG90|Andrew, Gordievsky 1990]]: 230. In 2008, Gordievsky would become [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/7333382.stm partially paralyzed], as a result, he told Scotland Yard, of what he suspected was an assassination attempt.</ref> That June, [http://americanthinker.com/2014/07/diana_and_ron_what_was_going_on_.html at Stalin's behest], FDR abolished the State Department's Eastern European Division, headed by the anti-Communist Robert F. Kelley,<ref>Cathal J. Nolan, ed., ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=kZMeeXLSQhsC Notable U.S. Ambassadors Since 1775: A Biographical Dictionary]'' (Greenwood Publishing Group, 1997) ISBN 0313291950, p. 207</ref> reassigning its staff and dispersing its excellent library.

That year, [[Iskhak Abdulovich Akhmerov|Akhmerov]] cabled [[Moscow]] that [[Michael Straight]] ([https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1451875/Michael-Straight.html code-named "Nigel"])—an [[#refPlatt99|FDR protégé]] and intimate family friend of the President and First Lady, who was also a [http://www.guardian.co.uk/news/2004/jan/09/guardianobituaries.usa member of] the [[NKVD]]'s [[Cambridge Five|Cambridge spy ring]] (and would become an [[FDR]] speech writer<ref>[[#refHK99|Haynes, Klehr 1999]]: 153</ref> and [https://www.nytimes.com/2004/01/05/nyregion/michael-straight-who-wrote-of-connection-to-spy-ring-is-dead-at-87.html publisher of ''The New Republic'']), then working at the [[State Department]]—mentioned Hiss (using his real name) as someone with "[[progressive]]" views "who occupied a responsible position."<ref>[[#refWeinstein78|Weinstein 1978]]: 183-184</ref> Akhmerov worried that Straight "might guess that Hiss [Akhmerov again used Hiss's real name] belongs to our family" or "find out Hiss's nature" as a [[GRU]] agent.<ref>[[#refHK99|Haynes, Klehr 1999]]: 155-156</ref>

On November 23, 1937, [[Whittaker Chambers]] bought a used car, using $400 (equivalent to more than [[#refBLS|$6,000 today]]) [[#refHissAppellate|he said Alger Hiss loaned him]].<ref>[[#refChambers52|Chambers 1952]]: 39</ref> Hiss would [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,780167,00.html deny making the loan], but records showed that the Hisses withdrew $400 in cash from their savings four days before Chambers bought the car.<ref>[[#refWhite04|White 2004]]: 73</ref> At first the Hisses claimed that they had used the money [[#refNoe9|to buy furniture]] for a new house, but they had not signed a lease at the time,<ref>[[#refWeinstein78|Weinstein 1978]]: 198-202</ref> and could not produce receipts for any purchases, nor explain why they had used cash from savings rather than the checking and charge accounts they otherwise used for such purchases.<ref>[[#refWhite04|White 2004]]: 73</ref>

===Chambers' defection===
In 1938, [[Whittaker Chambers]] made his final break with the [[Communist]]s.<ref>[[#refChambers52|Chambers 1952]]: 25</ref> Trying to explain how such a reversal happened, Chambers related how a certain German diplomat who "had been extremely pro-Communist, had become an implacable anti-Communist." According to the diplomat's daughter, "[O]ne night – in Moscow – he heard screams. That’s all. Simply one night he heard screams."

"What Communist has not heard those screams?" wrote Chambers. "...What man can call himself a Communist who has not accepted the fact that Terror is an instrument of policy...? Those screams have reached every Communist’s mind. Usually they stop there...."
{{cquote|But one day the Communist really hears those screams. He is going about his routine party tasks.... Suddenly, there closes around that Communist a separating silence, and in that silence he hears screams. He hears them for the first time. For they do not merely reach his mind. They pierce beyond. They pierce to his soul.<ref>[[#refChambers52|Chambers 1952]]: 15</ref>}}

The break came as a result of Chambers' insight that communism is "man's second oldest faith. Its promise was whispered in the first days of the Creation under the Tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil: 'Ye shall be as Gods.' It is the great alternative faith of mankind.... The communist vision is the vision of Man without God." This vision he found increasingly untenable as the birth of his daughter gave rise to Chambers' spiritual awakening:
{{cquote|She was the most miraculous thing that had ever happened in my life.... My eye came to rest on the delicate convolutions of her ear—those intricate, perfect ears. The thought passed through my mind: "No, those ears were not created by any chance coming together of atoms in nature (the Communist view). They could have been created only by immense design." The thought was involuntary and unwanted. I crowded it out of my mind. But I never wholly forgot it or the occasion. I had to crowd it out of my mind. If I had completed it, I should have had to say: Design presupposes God. I did not then know that, at that moment, the finger of God was first laid upon my forehead.<ref>[[#refChambers52|Chambers 1952]]: 16</ref>}}
Wary after the [[#refSchwartz88|murder of Ignace Poretsky]]<ref>Poretsky ([https://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Protected/Articles/000/000/006/224euczs.asp?pg=1 alias Ignace Reiss]) was murdered, apparently to protect the identity of Hiss's Harvard friend and State Department colleague, [[#refVenona1613|Soviet agent]] Laurence Duggan: A Moscow Center report of Poretsky's "liquidation" notes, "For now the danger of 19 [Duggan] ([[#refSword|Andrew, Mitrokin 2000]]: 105) being exposed through Raymond's [Poretsky's] ([[#refHaynes08|Haynes 2008]]: 129) line is significantly diminished." ([[#refSpies09|Haynes, Klehr, Vassiliev 2009]]: 232) He was killed by OGPU agent Roland Abbiat ([[#refKriv39|Krivitsky 1939]]: 261-263 [PDF 285-287]; [[#refSword|Andrew, Mitrokin 2000]]: 47, 78-79), who would later go [[#refKlehr04|under cover as Vladimir Pravdin]], New York bureau chief of the Soviet government news agency TASS.</ref> and disappearance of [[Juliet Poyntz]],<ref>[[#refTanenhaus97|Tanenhaus 1997]]: 131-133</ref> Chambers asked his wife's nephew<ref>[[#refWeinstein78|Weinstein 1978]]: 319. "Mr. Levine. He gave me an envelope to put away for him some 10 years ago… I asked what would happen in the event both he and Esther were liquidated, and he said, 'You would know what to do with it, you are an attorney.'" [[#refHUAC48.2|HUAC 1948, Pt. 2]]: 1452 (PDF 80)</ref> to hide what he called his "life preserver"—a packet of copies of [[#refTime12.20.48|documents, hand-written memos and microfilm]].<ref>[[#refChambers52|Chambers 1952]]: 40-41</ref> On the advice of [http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F70C14FB3E59147A93C5AB178AD95F408685F9 Herbert Solow], former press agent for the Communist League of America,<ref>Robert Jackson Alexander, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=_eUtQjseKaIC International Trotskyism, 1929-1985: A Documented Analysis of the Movement]'' (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1991), ISBN 0-822-30975-0, p. 775</ref> Chambers made it known to the [[Soviet]] underground, via Schapiro and the ex-[[Communist]]<ref>Theodore Draper, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=SlRc3KqcDygC American Communism and Soviet Russia]'' (Edison, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 2003), ISBN 0765805316, p. 357</ref> (and former Soviet agent)<ref>[[#refKobyakov04|Kobyakov 2004]]</ref> [http://www.marxisthistory.org/history/usa/parties/spusa/1917/0309-lore-todebs.pdf Ludwig Lore], that he had "photographic copies of handwritten matters the appearance of which would [[#refNYRB|seriously embarrass]] them," which would be made public in the event anything were to happen to him.<ref>[[#refWeinstein78|Weinstein 1978]]: 318</ref>

===Far Eastern Division===
In 1939, Sayre became [[United States]] High Commissioner to the [[Philippines]], and Hiss transferred to become personal aide to Stanley Hornbeck, political advisor to the [[State Department]]'s Far Eastern Division. When Hiss first walked into the office, Hornbeck advised him that he had been warned that Hiss was "a red."<ref>FBI Memorandum, March 25, 1946: Re Secretary of State James Byrnes interview with Hiss; Hiss’ response to allegations (pp. 121-124), FBI file: [[#refSilv|Silvermaster]], [http://www.education-research.org/PDFs/Silvermaster032.pdf Vol. 32], [http://www.education-research.org/PDFs/splitfiles/splitprocessed/Silvermaster032_Folder/Silvermaster032_page123.pdf p. 2 (PDF p. 123)]</ref> Foreign Service Officer Max Waldo Bishop, who worked in the same office, said Hiss occasionally had "dubious, Left Wing characters in his office."<ref>Thomas F. Conlon, [http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/mfdip:@field%28DOCID+mfdip2004bis02%29 Interview with Max Waldo Bishop], Foreign Affairs Oral History Project, Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training, February 26, 1993 (Library of Congress)</ref>

Hiss meanwhile urged Sayre to hire as his replacement [[#refFieldUK|Soviet Intelligence source]] [[Noel Field]], despite his lack of experience.<ref>[[#refWeinstein78|Weinstein 1978]]: 349-350</ref> Due to the fact that Field had been identified to the State Department as a member of various [[Communist|Red]] front groups starting in 1926, and as a [[Communist Party]] member the previous year,<ref>FBI Report: Whittaker Chambers, Internal Security—C, September 5, 1948 (FBI file: Hiss-Chambers, Vol. 1)</ref> he did not get the appointment. Sayre would later refuse to testify as a character witness for Hiss.<ref>[[#refWhite04|White 2004]]: 68</ref> After his defection behind the [[Iron Curtain]], [[Noel Field|Field]] would confirm to East bloc authorities that Hiss knew he was a Communist when he recommended Field as his replacement.<ref>Ethan Klingsberg, "Case Closed on Alger Hiss?" ''The Nation'', November 8, 1993</ref>

===Nazi-Soviet Pact===
[[Image:Molotov signs.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Soviet Foreign Minister Molotov signs the Nazi-Soviet Pact; Nazi Foreign Minister von Ribbentrop and Soviet dictator Josef Stalin stand behind him, Moscow, August 23, 1939. ''Image source: [https://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/242.html#242.28 Collection of Foreign Records Seized], National Archives and Records Administration'']]At the 1935 funeral of Marshal [http://www.poland.gov.pl/Jozef,Pilsudski,(1867-1935),1972.html Józef Piłsudski] in [[Warsaw]], [[U.S.]] [[Ambassador]] to [[Moscow]] [http://www.unc.edu/depts/diplomat/archives_roll/2003_01-03/sempa_bullitt/sempa_bullitt.html William C. Bullitt] had given confidential assurance to the [[Polish]] [[government]] that the [[United States]] would stand by [[Poland]] in the event of a [[Nazi]] invasion. But after Bullitt reported back to [[Washington]] that he had done so, someone at the [[State Department]] passed this information to the [[Kremlin]], which in turn transmitted it to [[German]] intelligence (with which [[Soviet intelligence]] had maintained liaison since the time of [[Lenin]]).<ref>See, for example: Michael Pearson, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=7rkeAAAAMAAJ&pgis=1 The Sealed Train: Lenin's Eight Month Journey from Exile to Power]'' (New York: Putnam, 1975) ISBN 0399112626, particularly the German documents in the Afterward. Cf. Yuri Dyakov and Tatiana Bushuyeva, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=WddoAAAAMAAJ The Red Army and the Wehrmacht: how the Soviets militarized Germany, 1922-33, and paved the way for Fascism]'' (Prometheus Books, 1995), ISBN 0879759372; [[#refNekrich97|Nekrich 1997]]: eg., 2, 69; [http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/intdip/formulti/rapallo_001.htm German-Russian Agreement] (Treaty of Rapallo), April 16, 1922; [http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/intdip/formulti/rapallo_002.htm Supplementary Agreement], November 5, 1922; Hans W. Gatzke, "[http://www.jstor.org/pss/1848881 Russo-German Military Collaboration during the Weimar Republic]," ''The American Historical Review'', Vol. 63, No. 3 (April 1958), pp. 565-597; Ernst Fraenkel, "[http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=5280948 German-Russian Relations Since 1918: From Brest-Litovsk to Moscow]," ''The Review of Politics'', Vol. 2, No. 1 (1940), pp. 34-62. N.B. the coming to power of the Nazis did nothing to interrupt this liaison: "The documents of the German Foreign Ministry, captured by the Allies at the end of World War II and published in London during the 1950's, show that secret negotiations between Stalin's agents and the Hitler Government began as early as 1933." Aleksandr Nekrich and Mikhail Heller, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=G-poAAAAMAAJ&pgis=1 Utopia in Power: The History of the Soviet Union from 1917 to the Present]'' (Summit Books, 1986) ISBN 0671462423, p. 310. Nazi-Soviet relations became even closer [http://avalon.law.yale.edu/subject_menus/nazsov.asp in 1939-1941]. (Cf. Daniel Pipes, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=1akgAQAAIAAJ Communism: a history]'' [Modern Library, 2003] ISBN 0812968646, pp. 74-75; Viktor Suvorov, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=4-khAQAAIAAJ The chief culprit: Stalin's grand design to start World War II]'' [Naval Institute Press, 2008] ISBN 1591148383, p. 248) The Soviets were still negotiating with the Nazis [[#refBlack06|as late as the Teheran conference]] in December 1943. Robert C. Grogin, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=qBBcqDludakC Natural Enemies: the United States and the Soviet Union in the Cold War, 1917-1991]'' (Lexington Books, 2001) ISBN 0739101609, p. 38</ref> Nazi [[propaganda]] minister [[Joseph Goebbels]] exploited this information to portray the United States as a warmonger. According to de Toledano, the State Department source who passed this information to the [[Soviets]] [https://www.questia.com/magazine/1G1-19048238/embarrassment-aided-and-abetted-the-top-soviet-spy was Alger Hiss].

When in the wake of the [[Hitler-Stalin pact]] the [[Communist Party]] organ ''[[The Daily Worker]]'' came under suspicion for reversing its anti-[[Nazi]] posturing, [[Politburo]] member Roy Hudson<ref>[[#refKHA98|Klehr, Haynes, Anderson 1998]]: 45</ref> discussed what to do about it with Soviet agent<ref>Scotland Yard (London) Secret Special Report, No. 4, "The Case of Philip Price and Robert Minor," U.S. State Department Decimal File, 316-23-1184 9, Washington, D.C.</ref> [[Robert Minor]], according to former ''[[Daily Worker]]'' editor Louis Budenz. Someone mentioned that [[Nathan Witt]] and [[Lee Pressman]] could not be of much help as they, too, were under suspicion at the time. According to Budenz, Alger Hiss was then mentioned as a good Comrade who would be helpful.<ref>FBI memorandum: Ladd to Hoover, January 28, 1949 (FBI file: Hiss-Chambers, Vol. 44), p. 30.</ref>

That year, French Premier [https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/150071/Edouard-Daladier Édouard Daladier] informed Bullitt (now [[Ambassador]] to [[France]]) that two brothers [http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost_historical/access/213989152.html?dids=213989152:213989152&FMT=ABS named Hiss], both in the U.S. government, were [https://web.archive.org/web/20070627224903/http://w4.pica.army.mil/voice/voice2002/020419/KoreaApr4-10.htm Soviet agents].<ref>Testimony of Ambassador William Bullitt, April 8, 1952, “Communist influence on U.S. policies in the Far East,” Hearings Before the Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and other Internal Security Laws of the Committee on the Judiciary, U.S. Senate, 82nd Cong., 2d Sess. Hearings: March 13, 1951 to June 20, 1952; Report: July 2, 1952</ref> Bullitt “laughed it off as a tall tale, never having heard their names.”<ref>[[#refLevine73|Levine 1973]]: 198</ref>

The year before, in [[Paris]], defecting former [[GRU]] chief in [[Europe]] Walter Krivitsky<ref>Roman Brackman, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=zQL8POkFGIQC The Secret File of Joseph Stalin: A Hidden Life]'' (Florence, Ky: Routledge, 2001) ISBN 0714650501, p. 299</ref> had identified Hiss as an agent of [[GRU|Soviet military intelligence]], according to [https://www.nytimes.com/1987/12/28/obituaries/alexander-g-barmine-88-dies-early-high-level-soviet-defector.html Alexander Barmine], former Charge d'Affairs at the [[Soviet]] [[Embassy]] in [[Athens]], who had defected in 1937.<ref>FBI Report: Alger Hiss, February 4, 1949</ref> When news of the [[Hitler-Stalin Pact]] (which Krivitsky had predicted)<ref>Julien Steinberg, ed., ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=gJPBKoLgOxwC Verdict of Three Decades: From the Literature of Individual Revolt Against Soviet Communism, 1917-1950]'' (Manchester, NH: Ayer Publishing, 1971) ISBN 0836920775, p. 358; David C. Martin, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=kpNwCgiTJXEC Wilderness of Mirrors: Intrigue, Deception and the Secrets That Destroyed Two of the Cold War's Most Important Agents]'' (Globe Pequot, 2003) ISBN 1585748242, p. 5</ref> broke on August 24, 1939, Krivitsky warned his ''Saturday Evening Post'' ghostwriter, [[Russia]]n emigré [http://findingaids.library.emory.edu/documents/levine700/?keywords=levine Isaac Don Levine], "Everything that went on in the embassy, especially the major communications between [[Washington]] and Bullitt, were quickly relayed to the Soviet [[secret police]]."<ref>[[#refLevine73|Levine 1973]]: 191. Loy Henderson, then charge d'affaires at the [[U.S.]] Embassy in [[Moscow]], would later confirm that at that time "in the [State] Department were a number of persons who did not hesitate to give [Litvinov] copies of my [http://www.trumanlibrary.org/oralhist/hendrson.htm#transcript secret memoranda] relating to United States-Soviet relations." Krivitsky would be found shot dead in his Washington hotel room in 1941. (Roland Perry, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=btVW_NnmmS8C Last of the Cold War Spies: The Life of Michael Straight—The Only American in Britain's Cambridge Spy Ring]'' [Cambridge, Mass.: Da Capo Press, 2006] ISBN 030681482X, p. 131) Although he had warned friends (including HUAC investigator Joseph Brown Matthews), "If they ever try to prove that I took my own life, [http://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/phillip-knightley-ignore-the-conspiracies-spies-never-forgive-a-traitor-425822.html don't believe it]," his death was [[#refTanenhaus93|ruled a suicide]]. ("[http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FB0A11F93959167B93C3A81789D85F458485F9 Gen. Krivitsky Found Dead; Suicide Finding Questioned; Notes Convince Washington Police He Shot Himself, but Friends Charge Former Ogpu Officer Was Slain by Reds KRIVITSKY'S DEATH IS INVESTIGATED]," ''The New York Times'', February 11, 1941, p. 1) Krivitsky had been liquidated by one of the [[NKVD]]'s Mobile Groups for Special Tasks, according to former Soviet [[espionage]] official Alexander Orlov. (Alexander Orlov, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=7eRoAAAAMAAJ&pgis=1 The Secret History of Stalin’s Crimes]'' [Norwich, Norfolk: Jarrold's, 1954], pp. 232-233; cf. Flora Lewis, "[http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost_historical/access/186559502.html?dids=186559502:186559502&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&fmac=&date=Feb+13%2C+1966&author=By+Flora+Lewis+Washington+Post+Staff+Writer&desc=Who+Killed+Krivitsky%3F Who Killed Krivitsky?]" ''The Washington Post'', February 13, 1966, p. E1) Orlov's account is [https://www.hoover.org/research/dark-memories corroborated by] the [http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/tf7290056t Nicolaevsky] and Honeyman collections in the archives of the Hoover Institution. "Although the death was ruled a suicide, most people think that Stalin had his revenge." [http://www.cod.edu/library/Libweb/blewett/blewett.htm Daniel K. Blewett], "[http://search.barnesandnoble.com/Death-in-Washington/Gary-Kern/e/9781929631148 Review]: ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=2t_eAAAAMAAJ Death in Washington: Walter G. Krivitsky and the Stalin Terror]'' by Gary Kern," ''Library Journal'', [https://books.google.com/books?id=R2zhAAAAMAAJ Vol. 128] (R.R. Bowker Co., 2001), p. 102</ref>

===Chambers' meeting with Berle===
In 1938, [[Whittaker Chambers]] confessed to Levine that he had been a courier for the [[Communist]] underground. As [http://www.17september1939.com/ the joint] [[Nazi]]-[[Soviet]] invasion of [[Poland]]<ref>William Fortescue, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=zNtJcb0mtkoC The Third Republic in France, 1870-1940: Conflicts and Continuities]'' (Oxford: Routledge, 2000) ISBN 0415169445, p. 231; William L. Shirer: ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=sY8svb-MNUwC The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich: A History of Nazi Germany]'' (Simon and Schuster, 1990) ISBN 0671728687, pp. 626-632</ref> was gearing up, Levine sought to get Chambers an appointment with [[President]] [[Franklin Roosevelt|Roosevelt]], but was diverted by the [[White House]] to Assistant [[Secretary of State]] for Administration (in charge of security) [[Adolf Berle]].<ref>[[#refHK06|Haynes, Klehr 2006]]: 105</ref> On September 2, 1939, Chambers told Berle of an [[#refBerle|underground apparatus]] of the [[Communist Party]] for employees of the [[Federal government]] in [[Washington, D.C.]] Its organizer, said Chambers, was [[Harold Ware]], its treasurer [[Henry Collins]]; among its members he identified [[Lee Pressman]], [[Nathan Witt]], and the brothers [[#refTime2.13.50|Alger and Donald Hiss]].

[[Image:Brest-litowsk.jpg|thumb|300px|left|Joint victory parade of Nazi and Soviet armies, Brest-Litovsk, Poland, September 22, 1939. ''Courtesy Pauli Kruhse (Finland)'']]While [[Whittaker Chambers|Chambers]] talked, Berle took notes. Under the heading “Underground Espionage Agent,” he listed several names, including “Alger Hiss,” with the notation, “Ass’t. to Sayre—CP—1937,” and “Member of the Underground Com.—Active.”<ref>''United States v Alger Hiss'', Vol. VI (Sayre, Penn.: Murrelle Printing Co., 1950), attached to p. 3325; reproduced in Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws, Committee on the Judiciary, U.S. Senate, ''Interlocking subversion in Government Departments'', Part 6 (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1953), pp. 329-330. Cf. [[#refBerle|Berle memo]]</ref> In Berle's diary, the entry for September 4, 1939 reads:
{{cquote|Isaac Don Levine in his contact with the Krivitzky [sic] matter had opened up another idea of the Russian [[espionage]]. He brought a Mr. X around to my house on Saturday evening.... Through a long evening, I slowly manipulated Mr. X to a point where he had told some of the ramifications hereabout; and it becomes necessary to take a few simple measures. I expect more of this kind of thing, later. A good deal of the Russian espionage was carried on by [[Jews]]; we know now that they are exchanging information with [[Berlin]]; and the [[Jewish]] units are furious to find out they are, in substance, working for the [[Gestapo]].<ref>[[#refBerle52|Berle 1952]]: 249-250. Cf. [[#refLevine73|Levine 1973]]: 55-58</ref>}}
Before the month was out, the [[Nazi]] and [[Soviet]] armies staged a [https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/csi-studies/studies/winter99-00/art6.html joint victory parade] through the streets of occupied Brest-Litovsk, [[Poland]],<ref>Olaf Groehler, ''[http://www.worldcat.org/isbn/3928787012 Selbstmorderische Allianz: Deutsch-russische Militarbeziehungen, 1920-1941]'' (Berlin: Vision Verlag 1993), pp. 21-22, 123-124; [[#refNekrich97|Nekrich 1997]]: 131. Cf. Anthony Read and David Fisher, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=kMtmAAAAMAAJ The deadly embrace: Hitler, Stalin, and the Nazi-Soviet Pact, 1939-1941]'' (M. Joseph, 1988), ISBN 0718129768, p. 336; Nigel Thomas, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=JBwBUSg1PoUC World War II Soviet Armed Forces (1): 1939-41]'' (Osprey Publishing, 2010), ISBN 1849084009, p. 15; Norman Davies, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=Jzxt9FFBDPwC Rising '44: the battle for Warsaw]'' (Viking, 2004), ISBN 0670032840, p. 30</ref> where the Soviets handed over to the Gestapo some 600 prisoners, "most of them Jews."<ref>Louis Rapoport, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=5rZtAAAAMAAJ Stalin's war against the Jews: the doctors' plot and the Soviet solution]'' (Free Press, 1990), ISBN 0029258219, p. 57. Cf. Guy Stern, "[http://motlc.wiesenthal.com/site/pp.asp?c=gvKVLcMVIuG&b=395031 Writers in Extremis]," ''Simon Wiesenthal Center annual, Vol. 3'' (Rossel Books, 1986), p. 91; Robert Conquest, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=ubXQSk2qfXMC The Great Terror: A Reassessment]'' (Oxford University Press US, 2007), ISBN 0195317009, p. 402; Richard J. Evans, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=iG4ud0PxeDMC The Third Reich in Power]'' (Penguin, 2006) ISBN 0143037900, p. 694</ref>

But when it came to Chambers' allegation about Hiss, Berle “[https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/venona/dece_hiss.html scoffed at the charge],” according the Public Broadcasting System's NOVA Online. “I have vague recollections of having mentioned the matter to [[FDR|the President]] when shortly thereafter we were working on the [[Foreign Agents Registration Act]] [FARA],” claimed Berle, “which was the real, tangible outcome of this....”<ref>[[#refBerle52|Berle 1952]]: 598</ref> (Berle's “vague recollections” were mistaken: FARA was actually [http://www.justice.gov/criminal/fara/ enacted in 1938]—the year ''before'' he met with Chambers.) According to his diary, Berle discussed the matter with the FDR's secretary Marvin McIntyre, but not until 1942.<ref>[[#refHK99|Haynes, Klehr 1999]]: 91</ref> According to Levine:
{{cquote|When I called on Berle a couple of weeks later, he indicated to me that the President had given him the cold shoulder after hearing his account of the Chambers disclosures. Although I learned later, from two different sources who had social relations with Berle, that Roosevelt, in effect, had told him to "go jump in a lake" upon the suggestion of a probe into the Chambers charges, I do not recall hearing that exact phrase from Berle. To the best of my recollection, the President dismissed the matter rather brusquely with an expletive<ref>"an exclamatory word or phrase; especially : one that is [https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/expletive?show=0&t=1314204947 obscene or profane]"; "an exclamation or [http://www.collinslanguage.com/results.aspx?context=3&reversed=False&action=define&homonym=0&text=expletive swearword]." Levine published his [[#refLevine73|memoir]] in 1973, in the midst of the Watergate scandal, which popularized the use of "expletive" as a [[euphemism]] for "[http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=expletive cuss word]."</ref> remark on this order: "Oh, forget it, Adolf."<ref>[[#refLevine73|Levine 1973]]: 197-198</ref>}}

In 1940, after Levine informed Bullitt of what [[Whittaker Chambers|Chambers]] had told him about Hiss, Bullitt relayed to Hornbeck what Daladier had told him the year before. Bullitt advised [https://www.nytimes.com/2007/11/18/books/review/Mallon-t.html Alice Roosevelt Longworth] and de Toledano that he also took this information [[#refToledano01|directly to FDR]]. Levine also told [http://www.dol.gov/dol/aboutdol/hallofhonor/1993_dubinsky.htm David Dubinsky], president of the [http://rmc.library.cornell.edu/EAD/htmldocs/KCL05780.html International Ladies Garment Workers Union] about [[Whittaker Chambers|Chambers]]' revelations. Dubinsky, wrote Levine, "took up the Chambers matter with the [[Franklin Roosevelt|President]] at the first opportunity and was brushed off with an amiable slap on the back." Levine wrote that he also told fellow journalist [http://www.radiohof.org/walter_winchell.htm Walter Winchell] of "a ring of six [[Soviet]] agents operating within the [[State Department]] alone. In his broadcast of December 12, Winchell announced that he had carried my information to President Roosevelt. Still there was no action."<ref>[[#refLevine73|Levine 1973]]: 197-199</ref> Winchell's posthumously published memoir confirms Levine's story:<ref>[[#refWeinstein78|Weinstein 1978]]: 331</ref> After he informed FDR that Hiss was spying for Moscow, according to Winchell, "Leaning closer and pointing a finger in my face, he [Roosevelt] angrily said, 'I don't want to hear another thing about it! It isn't true."<ref>[[#refSchecter02|Schechter 2002]]: 159</ref>

Diplomat [[#refTime11.5.45|Spruille Braden]] said he knew of three separate occasions when Roosevelt was told about Hiss, including, apparently, once by liberal columnist [http://www.gwu.edu/~erpapers/teachinger/glossary/thompson-dorothy.cfm Dorothy Thompson]:<ref>[http://www.gwu.edu/~erpapers/teachinger/glossary/thompson-dorothy.cfm Wife of] the [[Socialist]] [[Sinclair Lewis]], in 1948, Thompson would [http://www.peterkurth.com/DOROTHY%20THOMPSON.htm vote for] Socialist Party candidate [[Norman Thomas]] for [[President]].</ref> "Each time they were completely ignored."<ref>[http://clio.cul.columbia.edu:7018/vwebv/holdingsInfo?bibId=4072554 Oral history interview with Spruille Braden], Oral History Research Office, Nicholas Murray Butler Library, Columbia University. Cited in Peter Grose, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=vjSliiGAx1MC Operation Rollback: America's Secret War Behind the Iron Curtain]'' (Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2001) ISBN 0618154582, p. 65</ref> According to Christopher Andrew, the [http://pajamasmedia.com/ronradosh/2009/08/10/the-debate-over-soviet-espionage-what-nicholas-lemann-of-the-new-yorker-gets-wrong/ dean of British intelligence historians], Roosevelt was uninterested when confronted with reports of Soviet spying in the United States.<ref>[[#refSword|Andrew, Mitrokhin 2000]]: 107</ref> For Hiss was a family friend of the Roosevelts;<ref>While Hiss would claim only to have worked "under... or in association with" [[Eleanor Roosevelt]] "in the Government" ([[#refHUAC48|HUAC 1948]]: 1163-1164 [PDF 673-674]), the First Lady would write that she knew Hiss “[[#refER48|fairly well]],” while her daughter Anna reportedly had known him “[http://homepages.nyu.edu/~th15/cherrick.html very well]” (in contrast to [[Whittaker Chambers|Chambers]], concerning whom Mrs. Roosevelt would sniff, “[http://article.nationalreview.com/?q=OGYzMjIzMWYyZDFkNzBiYmU5MjdiZjJkNDZmNjE5ZDk= He’s not one of us]”).</ref> FDR therefore "merely 'scoffed at the charge,'" according to British historian and former diplomat [http://www.shc.ed.ac.uk/staff/hon_fellows/dstafford/ David Stafford]: "As a result, [https://www.nytimes.com/books/first/s/stafford-roosevelt.html no counter-intelligence programme for identifying Communist agents in the federal government was put in place]."<ref>Years later, Hiss would comment from prison, "If the old man were alive, none of this would have happened." According to de Toledano, "the 'old man' was none other than [[#refToledano01|Roosevelt himself]]." ''Chicago Tribune'' Washington bureau chief Walter Trohan disagreed with Hiss's assessment: "Roosevelt would have sacrificed Hiss at the snap of the finger. He would have sacrificed anybody..." [[#refTrohan1970|Trohan 1970]]: 14</ref> According to FBI Historian John F. Fox, Jr:
{{cquote|Many young leftists in the early 1930’s had entered the government in the early throes of the New Deal and embraced a Communist siren under whose call significant numbers of them were willing to pass along valuable information to the Soviet Union during the war. A general leftist tilt in the government meant that these ideologues blended well into the Washington bureaucracy while keeping their strong Soviet sympathies largely hidden. The tradecraft of Soviet intelligence personnel, the well honed Communist Party tradition of conspiracy, and a [https://www.fbi.gov/history/history-publications-reports/in-the-enemys-house-venona-and-the-maturation-of-american-counterintelligence lack of concern in the Roosevelt administration towards Soviet spying] meant that little of this growing Soviet intelligence web was found except by accident in the opening years of the war.}}
Hiss would thus rise unimpeded through the ranks, by 1944 becoming deputy director of the [[State Department]]'s Office of Special Political Affairs, a policy-making office for postwar planning and international organization.<ref>[[#refDallas05|Dallas 2005]]: 412</ref> In August, he [[#refLinder03|would organize]] the [https://web.archive.org/web/20131008202927/https://www.un.org/en/aboutun/history/dumbarton_yalta.shtml Dumbarton Oaks Conference],<ref>Hiss even suggested the location from which the conference derives its name. Robert C. Hilderbrand, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=BFHJMfMtiKsC Dumbarton Oaks: The Origins of the United Nations and the Search for Postwar Security]'' (Chapel Hill: UNC Press, 2001) ISBN 0807849502, p. 67</ref> where he would serve as [[#refWhalen48|executive]] [[#refTime2.13.50|secretary]], presiding over<ref>[[#refYUNHiss|YUN Hiss]]: 8 (PDF 9)</ref> the drafting of the proposed [[United Nations]] Charter.

Berle, in contrast, would find his [[State Department]] career soon over. In 1948 he would be serving as chairman of [[New York]]'s Liberal Party, working for the reelection of [[President]] [[Harry Truman]]. That year, the New York bureau of the ''Christian Science Monitor'' would send a teletype to the home office in [[Boston]], relating a background interview with the party's publicity director, Arnold Beichman:
{{cquote|From a thoroughly reliable contact: According to this informant Berle has said privately that classified material which Hiss was handling was reaching the Russians. It was coded stuff. Berle took the handling out of Hiss's hands and [[#refToledano97|the leaks stopped]].<ref>Ralph de Toledano, "Foreward," in William F. Buckley, Jr., ed., ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=ZmoXAQAAIAAJ Odyssey of a Friend: Whittaker Chambers' Letters to William F. Buckley, Jr., 1954-1961]'' (New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1969) ISBN 0895265672, pp. 38-39 (PDF pp. 42-43)</ref>}}
But in the wake of Dumbarton Oaks, Berle had been ousted as Assistant [[Secretary of State]] in charge of security, defeated by the [[State Department]]'s pro-[[Soviet]] faction, Hiss prominent among them. As Berle put it:
{{cquote|[I]n the fall of 1944 there was a difference of opinion in the [[State Department]]. I felt that the Russians were not going to be sympathetic and cooperative....[I]ntelligence reports which were in my charge indicated a [http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3827/is_200002/ai_n8887974/ very aggressive] policy, not at all in line with the kind of cooperation everyone was hoping for. I was pressing for a pretty clean-cut showdown then when our position was strongest. The opposite group in the State Department was largely ... [[Dean Acheson|Mr. Acheson]]'s group ... with Mr. Hiss as his principal assistant in the matter.... [A]t that time Mr. Hiss did take what we would call today the pro-Russian point of view....<ref>[[#refSISS53|SISS 1953]]: 28 (PDF p. 34). J. Anthony Panuch concurred: “Mr. Acheson and Mr. Hiss at the time I was in the department were sympathetic to the Soviet policy.” Chesly Manly, "[http://www.mmisi.org/ma/14_02/manly.pdf Acheson's Apologia]," ''Modern Age'', Spring 1970, pp. 203-204 (PDF pp. 1-2)</ref> I got trimmed in that fight, and, as a result, went to [[Brazil]], and that ended my diplomatic career.<ref>M. Stanton Evans, "[http://www.humanevents.com/article.php?id=453 McCarthyism: Waging the Cold War in America]," ''Human Events'', May 30, 1997</ref>}}

===House Committee on Un-American Activities===
Among those who directed the President's attention to the issue of Soviet agents in the government was Roosevelt's erstwhile congressional ally<ref>"Initially, Dies supported the New Deal." (William D. Pederson, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=cv-kRJoXag4C The FDR years]'' [Infobase Publishing, 2006] ISBN 0816053685, p. 67) "He was in full agreement with the Public Works Administration and with government regulation of banks and businesses. He proposed a comprehensive unemployment program of public works and wanted to use idle gold in Fort Knox to finance the relief program. He also asked Congress to increase gift and inheritance taxes, grant homestead exemptions on small farms and on homes worth five thousand dollars or less, and legislate tax differentials favoring small merchants." Dies also had a record of "support for governmental controls over giant corporations in order to preserve democracy and opportunity." George N. Green, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=egiHx_P8H0AC The establishment in Texas politics: the primitive years, 1938-1957]'' (University of Oklahoma Press, 1984) ISBN 0806118911, pp. 69-70</ref> [http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=D000338 Martin Dies], Democrat of Texas. The President, recalled Dies, was "furious"—not at the infiltration of his administration by agents of a foreign power then allied with the Nazis, but with Dies for mentioning it—"you must see a bug-a-boo under every bed," he railed, adding "there is nothing wrong with the Communists in this country. Several of the best friends I have are Communists."<ref>Martin Dies, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=BEl3AAAAMAAJ Martin Dies' story]'' (Bookmailer, 1963), p. 144</ref>

Dies was chairman of the [[House Committee on Un-American Activities]]. HUAC had grown out of a 1934 resolution (calling for the formation of a special committee to probe into "un-American activities") [http://www.americanjewisharchives.org/aja/FindingAids/Dick.htm introduced by] Congressman [[Samuel Dickstein]] (D-N.Y.)—a [https://www.nytimes.com/1999/01/03/books/the-kremlin-connection.html?pagewanted=all Soviet agent] [https://web.archive.org/web/20030707171840/http://boston.com/globe/search/stories/books/weinstein_vassiliev.htm code-named "Crook."]<ref>[[#refVasWhite2|Vassiliev White Notebook #2]]: Orig. 42-50; Trans 82-99</ref> Under the pretext of investigating U.S. fascists,<ref>[[#refVasBlack|Vassiliev Black Notebook]]: Orig. 78; Trans. 155</ref> Dickstein was secretly paid by Moscow more than $12,000<ref>[[#refHaunted|Weinstein, Vassiliev 1999]]: 140-150</ref> (equivalent to more than [[#refBLS|$180,000 today]]) while using the committee to persecute [http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,929957,00.html American businessmen], [https://web.archive.org/web/20090710063742/http://www.amconmag.com/article/2009/aug/01/00043/ Soviet defectors] and [http://muse.jhu.edu/article/268394/pdf Trotskyites].<ref>[[#refSpies09|Haynes, Klehr, Vassiliev 2009]]: 475-476</ref>

During the [[Molotov-Ribbentrop pact]], HUAC, now under Chairman Dies, included in its probes the Nazis' then-allies,<ref>Although one American public school teacher's guide claims that the [[Nazi-Soviet pact]] "was not an alliance. At the start of World War II, Joseph Stalin (...strongly anti-fascist) was aligned with Great Britain and France against the Axis Powers of Germany," etc., (''[https://books.google.com/books?id=1KtAAFE2nAwC World War II]'' [Social Studies School Service, 2007] ISBN 156004313X, p. S11), this is false. As French Communist Party leaders Maurice Thoruz and Jacques Duclos put it upon the Nazi conquest of France, "the struggle of the French people has the same aim as the struggle of German imperialism. It is a fact that in this sense there is a temporary alliance." ([[#refTolstoy82|Tolstoy 1982]]: 113) As late as January 1941, the Soviets were appealing to the Nazis for permission to join as full members of the Axis. (Gerhard L. Weinberg, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=xlsrAxuWekQC A World at Arms: A Global History of World War II]'' (Cambridge University Press, 2005) ISBN 0521618266, p. 202) Six months later, when the pact collapsed, the USSR rushed into the arms of the Allies, which the Communists viewed as yet another "temporary alliance." David Gress, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=NKyzGG92uMUC From Plato to NATO: The Idea of the West and Its Opponents]'' (Simon and Schuster, 2004) ISBN 0743264886, p. 408</ref> including Communists.<ref>[[#refVasBlack|Vassiliev Black Notebook]]: Orig. 78; Trans. 155</ref> In the midst of the [[Nazi-Soviet pact|Pact]], the [[House Committee on Un-American Activities|Dies committee]] obtained the membership list of the Washington Committee for Democratic Action, which would be confirmed as a [[Attorney General's list|Communist front]] the following year by [[Franklin Roosevelt|Roosevelt]]'s [[Attorney General]] Francis Biddle.<ref>[[#refEvans07|Evans 2007]]: 55 (n. 6), 610</ref> Included on the roster was the name of Priscilla Hiss,<ref>[[#refWeinstein78|Weinstein 1978]]: 329; [[#refWhite04|White 2004]]: 48</ref> with the notation appended, "[[Husband]] with [[State Department]]."<ref>[[#refNKVD|NKVD]]: [[#refSilv82.120|109 (PDF 120)]], [[#refSilv|FBI Silvermaster file]]</ref>

===Federal Bureau of Investigation===
[[Image:FBI-Hiss-chart.jpg|thumb|300 px|Confidential FBI chart documenting the dissemination to the White House, State Department and Attorney General of dozens of secret memos and reports on Alger Hiss in 1942-47. ''Image source: J. Edgar Hoover Official & Confidential File #34, [https://vault.fbi.gov/ FOIA Reading Room], Federal Bureau of Investigation'']]As mandated by the [[Hatch Act]], this [[HUAC]] finding triggered an [[FBI]] background investigation of Hiss,<ref>[[#refHUAC48|HUAC 1948]]: 971 (PDF 481)</ref> in the course of which one of Hiss's former colleagues at the AAA told investigators that Hiss and his circle were [[fellow traveller|fellow travelers]], if not [[Communist]]s.<ref>FBI memorandum: Ladd to Hoover, January 28, 1949, p. 2 (FBI file: Hiss-Chambers, Vol. 44)</ref> Hiss denied everything, although he said he thought his wife might have been a member of the [http://asteria.fivecolleges.edu/findaids/sophiasmith/mnsss134_main.html League of Women Shoppers], a [[Popular Front]] group<ref>Michael Denning, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=QY8pUkLRM1YC The Cultural Front: The Laboring of American Culture in the Twentieth Century]'' (New York: Verso, 1998) ISBN 1859841708, p. 410</ref> identified by the committee in 1939 as a [[Communist front]].<ref>Meg Jacobs, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=M9kcixM1P6wC Pocketbook Politics: Economic Citizenship in Twentieth-century America]'' (Princeton University Press, 2005) ISBN 0691086648, p. 171</ref> In 1942, the Bureau sent a report of this investigation to the [[Secretary of State]],<ref>FBI memorandum: Ladd to Hoover, January 28, 1949, p. 2 (FBI file: Hiss-Chambers, Vol. 44)</ref> the first of what would become a veritable avalanche of FBI memos and reports on Hiss disseminated to the [[State Department]], Attorney General and [[White House]] over the ensuing five years.<ref>As the [[SISS|Jenner subcommittee]] would conclude in 1953: "There is ample evidence that the Federal Bureau of Investigation and other agencies learned the underlying fact of the Communist conspiracy, and time and again performed their duty and notified the proper administrative agencies of this information." ([[#refSISS53|SISS 1953]]: 1110 [PDF 50])</ref>

After ex-[[OGPU]] agent<ref>J.N. Kobjakov, “Bumazhnaja fabrika,” ''Ocherki istorii rossiiskoi vneshnei razvedki'', tom 3, 1933-1941 gody (Moskva: Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, 2003), ss. 191-199 (J.N. Kobyakov, “The Paper Mill,” ''Essays on the History of Russian Foreign Intelligence'', vol. 3, 1933-1941 [Moscow: International Relations, 2003], pp. 191-199). Cf. [[#refKobyakov04|Kobyakov 2004]]</ref> Ludwig Lore identified [[Whittaker Chambers|Chambers]] to the [[FBI]] as a former [[USSR|Soviet]] agent,<ref>Edith Tiger, ed., ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=pmj5QgAACAAJ In re Alger Hiss: petition for a writ of error coram nobis, Volume 2]'' (New York: Hill and Wang, 1980) ISBN 0809001500, pp. 208-209; [[#refSpies09|Haynes, Klehr, Vassiliev 2009]]: 156-158</ref> the [[FBI|Bureau]] interviewed Chambers [[#refChronology|for the first time]] in 1942.<ref>[[#refWeinstein78|Weinstein 1978]]: 340</ref> After Chambers informed the investigators that he had already supplied this information to the State Department in 1939,<ref>[[#refHK06|Haynes, Klehr 2006]]: 106</ref> the FBI requested and in 1943 obtained the notes Berle had taken during his meeting four years earlier with Chambers and Levine.<ref>FBI Memorandum: Conroy to Hoover, March 28, 1946, FBI file: [http://education-research.org/CSR/Holdings/Silvermaster/Silvermaster.htm Silvermaster], [http://www.education-research.org/PDFs/Silvermaster031.pdf Vol. 31], [http://www.education-research.org/PDFs/splitfiles/splitprocessed/Silvermaster031_Folder/Silvermaster031_page50.pdf p. 50]. Cf [[#refHK99|Haynes, Klehr 1999]]: 92</ref> That year, an encrypted cable (decrypted in the [[Venona project]] and released in 1995) from Pavel Melshikev (code-named "Moliere"),<ref>Jonathan Haslam, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=Sl5orE32HzcC Russia's Cold War: From the October Revolution to the Fall of the Wall]'' (Yale University Press, 2011), ISBN 0300159978, p. 13</ref> controller of military intelligence for the [[NKVD]]<ref>[[#refWhite04|White 2004]]: 224</ref> (under cover as [[Soviet]] Vice Consul in [[New York]] "Pavel P. Mikhailov")<ref>[[#refVStory|Benson 2001]]: 43 (PDF 45)</ref> to [[NKVD]] chief of foreign intelligence Lt. Gen. [[Pavel Fitin]] ([http://www.nsa.gov/public_info/_files/venona/1944/9feb_atomic_energy.pdf code-named "Viktor"]) in Moscow,<ref>[[#refRafalko2-4|Rafalko, Vol. 2, Ch. 4]]: 221 (PDF 6)</ref> identifying the real names and code names of several agents in the [[U.S.]], said the [[GRU]] (code-named "Neighbors")<ref>[[#refVStory|Benson 2001]]: 29 (PDF p. 31)</ref> reported someone "from the [[State Department]] [http://www.nsa.gov/public_info/_files/venona/1943/28sep_gru_sources.pdf by the name of Hiss]."

===Lend-Lease===
Unfortunately, this data about Hiss emerged just as the Nazi-Soviet alliance [https://web.archive.org/web/20100210161901/http://tmh.floonet.net/articles/suvorov.html broke down]. The Roosevelt administration promptly lost all interest in Communists, focusing its attention on hunting [https://www.fbi.gov/history/famous-cases/nazi-saboteurs-and-george-dasch Nazi and fascist agents].<ref>According to FBI Historian John F. Fox, Jr., "From the entry of the US into the war in 1941, the FBI, with cooperation of its fellow agencies and significant foreign allies, effectively negated Axis intelligence operations in the US and the western hemisphere. The Bureau was distinctly [http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/history/highlights-of-history/articles/venona less successful in identifying the Soviet threat] during the same period."</ref> Throughout the duration of the pact, Moscow had fiercely opposed the U.S. Lend-Lease program for Britain<ref>[[#refKHA98|Klehr, Haynes and Anderson 1998]]: 87. The Communist front [[American Peace Mobilization]] picketed the White House, [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,790078,00.html protesting Lend-Lease] aid to the U.K. When Britain declared war on the Nazis, German Communist Party leader Walter Ulbricht denounced not Nazism but "English Imperialism" as “the most reactionary force in the world” ("[http://library.fes.de/fulltext/sozmit/1940-008.htm reaktionärste Kraft in der Welt]"). “The German government declared itself ready to establish peaceful relations with the Soviet Union, whilst the Anglo-French war bloc want war against the Soviet Union,” [http://www.marxists.org/archive/ulbricht/1940/die-welt.htm declared Ulbricht]. During the battle of Britain, "Communists in the factories actually fomented strikes, and spread defeatist propaganda in [http://hitchensblog.mailonsunday.co.uk/2010/07/a-final-word.html the blitzed areas of London]," writes [http://theorwellprize.co.uk/shortlists/peter-hitchens/ Orwell prize winning] journalist Peter Hitchens.</ref> (which was fighting for its life against the Nazis), but now the U.S. extended Lend-Lease to the Soviet Union. In 1943, Stalin reciprocated by [http://www.marxists.org/history/international/comintern/dissolution.htm officially dissolving] the [[Comintern]], forcing Soviet intelligence to reorganize its espionage channels in the United States.<ref>“At the time that Stalin acceded to President Roosevelt’s request and dissolved the Comintern in 1943, Soviet intelligence had to reorganize its espionage channels in the United States.” [http://www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/e-dossier-no-11-was-oppenheimer-soviet-spy-roundtable-discussion-jerrold-and-leona e-Dossier No. 11: Was Oppenheimer a Soviet Spy?] A Roundtable Discussion with Jerrold and Leona Schecter, Gregg Herken and Hayden Peake, Cold War International History Project, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars</ref> The International Department of the [[CPSU]] Central Committee was created that year essentially to carry out functions previously performed by the Comintern<ref>“The International Department, created in 1943 essentially to carry out functions previously performed by the Third Communist International... was responsible for CPSU relations with nonruling communist parties in other states.” [http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field%28DOCID+su0271%29 Departments of the Central Committee], Soviet Union, Country Studies, Federal Research Division, Library of Congress, 1989</ref> (which included “control over the CPUSA”),<ref>[[#refKHA98|Klehr, Haynes, Anderson 1998]]: 48</ref> gradually transferring Comintern assets and networks to direct [[NKVD]] control.<ref>“During the latter part of the war, the KGB gradually took over assets and networks originally established by the GRU and the Comintern (particularly after Stalin dissolved the latter body in May 1943)." [[#refPrefaceBW96|Benson, Warner 1996: Preface]]</ref> Hiss was by this time among a handful of the Soviets' most important agents, who were run individually and not through spy networks, according to Oleg Gordievsky. Hiss's wartime controller, [http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/hiss/hissvenona.html wrote Gordievsky], was [[Akhmerov]], the leading [[NKVD]] illegal in the [[United States]], who, in a lecture before a [[KGB]] audience, identified Hiss as a Soviet agent during [[World War II]];<ref>[[#refWeinstein78|Weinstein 1978]]: 325</ref> meanwhile, the Administrator of Lend-Lease was [[Harry Hopkins]],<ref>[http://www.roosevelt.nl/Content/RSC/docs/Finding%20Aids%20Primary%20Sources/Presidential%20collection/06%20Staff%20Members/Personal%20Papers%20of%20Harry%20Hopkins.pdf Personal Papers of Harry Hopkins (1930-1946)], Roosevelt Study Center</ref> whom [[Iskhak Akhmerov|Akhmerov]], according to Gordievsky, called "the most important of all Soviet war-time agents in the United States."<ref>[[#refAG90|Andrew, Gordievsky 1990]]: 287; [[#refSword|Andrew, Mitrokin 2000]]: 111; [[#refRomerstein01|Romerstein, Breindel 2001]]: 212-215; cf. Thomas Fleming, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=EyZ3AAAAMAAJ The New Dealers' War: Franklin D. Roosevelt and the War Within World War II]'' (Basic Books, 2001) ISBN 0465024645, pp. 320-321. Upon being “purged” from AAA, Communist ([[#refHUAC50.2|HUAC 1950, pt. 2]]: 2850 [PDF 16]) lawyer [[Lee Pressman]] was immediately hired back into the government by [[Harry Hopkins|Hopkins]] ([[#refHUAC50.2|HUAC 1950, pt. 2]]: 2849 [PDF 15]), who apparently had little regard for the law: According to Pressman, Hopkins told him, “The first time you tell me I can’t do what I want to do, you’re fired. I’m going to decide what I think has to be done and it’s up to you to see to it that it’s legal.” ([[#refGall99|Gall 1999]]: 32) After carefully examining [[Venona project|Venona]], the late U.S. Air Force historian Eduard Mark identified Hopkins as Soviet agent “19.” Edward Mark, "[http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/ftinterface?content=a789090332&rt=0&format=pdf Venona's Source 19 and the ‘Trident’ Conference of May 1943: Diplomacy or Espionage?]" ''Intelligence and National Security'', Vol. 13, No. 2 (Summer 1998), pp.1-31</ref> Moreover, "the bureaucrat who administered all but singlehandedly that division in the Treasury that was specifically in charge of proposing and overseeing foreign monetary aid, including Lend-Lease," was [[Harry Dexter White]],<ref>Albert Loren Weeks, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=z3hP33KprskC Russia's Life-Saver: Lend-Lease Aid to the U.S.S.R. in World War II]'' (Lexington Books, 2004) ISBN 0739107364, p. 7</ref>
one of "the most highly placed espionage sources the Soviets ever possessed."<ref>[[#refHK06|Haynes and Klehr 2006]]: 66</ref>

[[Image: Soviet-poster.jpg|thumb|left|200 px|World War II U.S. propaganda poster proclaims Soviet Army "fights for FREEDOM." ''Courtesy [https://history.state.gov/milestones/1937-1945/USSoviet Office of the Historian], U.S. Department of State'']]In March 1943, U.S. Army Air Corps Major George R. Jordan opened several [http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,854011,00.html black suitcases] leaving the U.S. bound for the [[Soviet Union]]. He found "hundreds of maps, patent documents, blueprints of industrial plants, railroad tables, and [https://web.archive.org/web/20050204193218/http://www.missoulian.com/specials/salute/Salute3-espionage.html top-secret U.S. government documents]," including "five or six [[State Department]] folders, bound with stout rubber bands. Clipped to each was a tab." From one tab, said Jordan, he copied the legend: “From Hiss.” According to Jordan, "I had never heard of Alger Hiss, and made the entry because the folder bearing his name happened to be second in the pile. It contained hundreds of Photostats of what seemed to be military reports."<ref>George Racey Jordan with Richard L. Stokes, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=Iu9HAAAAMAAJ&pgis=1 From Major Jordan's Diaries]'' (New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1952), p. 42</ref>

Jordan’s unlikely story would be corroborated by ex-NKVD agent<ref>[[#refSpies09|Haynes, Klehr, Vassiliev 2009]]: 191</ref> [[Anna Louise Strong]], code-named "Map."<ref>[[#refHaynes08|Haynes 2008]]: 21</ref> Strong boasted that—with the help of American millionaire<ref>Gregg Herken, "[http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/jcws.2009.11.3.68 Target Enormoz: Soviet Nuclear Espionage on the West Coast of the United States, 1942–1950]," ''Journal of Cold War Studies'', Vol. 11, No. 3 (Summer 2009) ISSN 1520-3972, pp. 68-90</ref> Louise Bransten and other “friends of the American Russian Institute” (a [[Attorney General's list|Communist front]])—she passed at least one shipment of material in [http://www.brotherhoodofthebomb.com/bhbmedia/notes_chap6.doc black suitcases] to Moscow via Lend-Lease from Gore Field in Great Falls, Montana<ref>Anna Louise Strong, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=qnjNAAAAMAAJ Peoples of the USSR]'' (The Macmillan Company, 1944), p. 1</ref>—the same base where Maj. Jordan was stationed as a Lend-Lease expediter.<ref>Katherine A. S. Sibley, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=HNd4AAAAMAAJ&pgis=1 Red Spies in America]'' (Lawrence, Kan.: University Press of Kansas, 2007) ISBN 0700615555, p. 94</ref> These black suitcases were protected by diplomatic immunity<ref>[[#refHerken03|Herken 2003]]: [http://www.brotherhoodofthebomb.com/bhbmedia/notes_chap6.doc Notes for Chapter 6], note 124</ref> from FBI searches, having been sealed “under the supervision of the Russian consulate” in San Francisco.<ref>Tracy Strong and Helene Keyssar, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=sapZAAAAMAAJ Right in Her Soul: The Life of Anna Louise Strong]'' (Random House, 1983), ISBN 0394516494, p. 208</ref> Bransten was not only a secret member of the Communist Party<ref>[[#refSpies09|Haynes, Klehr, Vassiliev 2009]]: 88</ref> and a Soviet agent<ref>[[#refRomerstein01|Romerstein, Breindel 2001]]: 263</ref> (code-named ''Lyre''),<ref>[[#refHerken03|Herken 2003]]: 129 (cf. [http://www.nsa.gov/public_info/_files/venona/1944/18mar_pash.pdf 132 KGB San Francisco to Moscow], 18 March 1944; [http://www.nsa.gov/public_info/_files/venona/1944/7jun_corday.pdf 257 KGB San Francisco to Moscow], 7 June 1944; [http://www.nsa.gov/public_info/_files/venona/1944/22jun_greeting_charlotte_corday.pdf 270 KGB San Francisco to Moscow], 22 June 1944</ref> but also the mistress<ref>[[#refRomerstein01|Romerstein, Breindel 2001]]: 257</ref> of [http://h-net.msu.edu/cgi-bin/logbrowse.pl?trx=vx&list=h-diplo&month=0208&week=d&msg=2UO5GGvif1xPsNJ1mNou7A&user=&pw= NKVD San Francisco Station Chief] [[Grigory Kheifets]].

Jordan was U.S. liaison to the Soviet Purchasing Commission, an agency of the Soviet Union; his story would be further corroborated in April 1944, when Victor Kravchenko, economic attaché of that bureau, defected to the U.S.<ref>[[Harry Hopkins|Hopkins]] (then Lend-Lease Administrator) and [[John Paton Davies]] urged Roosevelt to forcibly return Kravchenko to the Soviets, but Biddle refused to extradite him. Dennis J. Dunn, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=Cm6IH1a4oksC Caught Between Roosevelt & Stalin: America's Ambassadors to Moscow]'' (University Press of Kentucky, 1998) ISBN 0813120233, p. 236. Cf. [[#refRomerstein01|Romerstein, Breindel 2001]]: 219</ref> He described preparing a shipment of "black suitcases" carrying industrial espionage to the Soviet Union via Lend-Lease,<ref>Richard Rhodes, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=f113iCcn87wC Dark Sun: The Making of the Hydrogen Bomb]'' (Simon and Schuster, 1996) ISBN 0684824140, p. 101. Romerstein and Breindel reproduce a 1943 receipt for a Lend-Lease shipment of uranium, ordered by [[Harry Hopkins|Hopkins]], sent to the Soviet Union via Great Falls. [[#refRomerstein01|Romerstein and Breindel, 2001]]: 468</ref> and released a statement warning:
{{cquote|I cannot keep silent any longer.... I can no longer support double-faced political maneuvers... toward collaboration with the [[United States]] and [[Britain]] while pursuing aims incompatible with such collaboration.
The [[Soviet]] Government has dissolved the [[Communist International]] but only in form.... The new democratic terminology is only a maneuver... to promote the inclusion of [[Communist]]s, obedient to the [[Kremlin]], in the future Governments... of Italy, Austria and [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,885439,00.html other countries].<ref>In 1966, Kravchenko would be found [http://www.americansterling.com/ASPL_Film_Defector.asp shot] to death in his Manhattan apartment. Although his [[death]] would be ruled a [[suicide]], his [https://www.nytimes.com/1992/01/04/us/first-meeting-for-two-sons-of-a-defector.html sons maintain] that he [https://www.latimes.com/la-tm-kravchenko11may11,0,6020141,full.story was executed] by a [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/2960709.stm SMERSH] assassination squad.</ref>}}

===Yalta===
On New Year's Day, 1945, [[Secretary of State]] [https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/people/stettinius-edward-reilly Edward R. Stettinius, Jr.] told [[Harry Hopkins|Hopkins]] that he had a meeting scheduled for the next day with [[Franklin Roosevelt|Roosevelt]], to which he was to bring "people who would be involved in the forthcoming [[Yalta conference|conferences" at Yalta]], in [[Soviet]] [[Crimea]]. [[FDR]] "did not want to have anyone accompany him in an advisory capacity," but Stettinius told Hopkins he felt "Messrs. Bowman<ref>Isaiah Bowman, the president of Johns Hopkins University [http://www.jhu.edu/~jhumag/0900web/red.html who hired] [[Owen Lattimore]]</ref> and Alger Hiss ought to go."<ref>[[#refFRUS45|FRUS 1945]]: [http://images.library.wisc.edu/FRUS/EFacs/1945/XL/0525.gif 439]</ref>

Hiss served as [https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/csi-studies/studies/vol48no4/alger_hiss.html aide to] Stettinius, who was considered in some quarters to be "not very bright," according to Ambassador Ellis Briggs.<ref>Ellis Briggs, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=2pflY3LYw88C Proud Public Servant: The Memoirs of a Career Ambassador]'' (Kent State University Press, 1998) ISBN 0873385888, p. 197</ref> State Department [http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost/access/468607241.html?dids=468607241:468607241&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT chief of security and consular affairs] Samuel D. Boykin agreed that Stettinius "was not brilliant." But, he added, the Secretary had the ability to utilize [http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/mfdip:@field(DOCID+mfdip2004boy03) "other people's brains"]. The brain Stettinius most depended upon was that of his [[#refFoote|aide]], the [https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/venona/dece_hiss.html brilliant] Alger Hiss. [http://www.trumanlibrary.org/hstpaper/panuchja.htm J. Anthony Panuch], Deputy Assistant Secretary of State in charge of security,<ref>[[#refSISS53|SISS 1953]]: 9 (PDF 15)</ref> noted that "Hiss exercises [https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/svengali Svengali]-like influence over the mental processes of Junior Stettinius."<ref>Panuch to Russell, March 7, 1946 ([[#refSISS13|SISS pt. 13]]: 853 [PDF 19]). Cf. Louis Francis Budenz, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=IkqboMAiCkkC The Techniques of Communism]'' (New York: Ayer Publishing, 1977) ISBN 0405099428, p. 287. Dean Acheson subsequently forced Panuch, not Hiss, out of the State Department. ([[#refSISS53|SISS 1953]]: 9-10 [PDF 15-16])</ref> Indeed, Stettinius gave Hiss control over [[FDR]]'s access to information, directing that "all memoranda for the President on topics to be discussed at the Meeting of the Big Three should be in the hands of Mr. Alger Hiss not later than Monday, January 15."<ref>Rothwell to Rockefeller, January 10, 1945, [[#refFRUS45|FRUS 1945]]: [http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/FRUS/FRUS-idx?type=goto&id=FRUS.FRUS1945&page=42&isize=XL 42], cf. [http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/FRUS/FRUS-idx?type=goto&id=FRUS.FRUS1945&page=441&isize=XL p. 441]</ref>

[[image:Yaltaconference.JPG|thumb|300px|right|At Yalta, a [http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703580904574638352930354872.html withered and diminished] Roosevelt flanked by Stettinius (left) and Hiss (right); Churchill (foreground right, three-quarters back view); Stalin in shadows (far left). ''Courtesy [https://web.archive.org/web/20041017194141/https://www.un.org/UN50/Photos/un50-016.gif United Nations Department of Public Information]'']]By this time, "[[Franklin Roosevelt|Roosevelt]] was not always master over his mind," according to Professor Felix Wittmer, a [http://www.biblio.com/books/225432106.html refugee from Nazi persecution].<ref>Felix Wittmer, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=6hFWAAAAYAAJ The Yalta betrayal: data on the decline and fall of Franklin Delano Roosevelt]'' (Caxton Printers, 1953), p. 48</ref> "At Yalta he could neither think consecutively nor express himself coherently," agreed former Soviet propagandist<ref>David C. Engerman, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=UkFlO7hoxOMC Modernization from the other shore: American intellectuals and the romance of Russian development]'' (Harvard University Press, 2003) ISBN 0674011511, p. 201</ref> W.H. Chamberlin. With less than three months to live, the President suffered "occasional blackouts of memory, and loss of capacity for mental concentration."<ref>William Henry Chamberlin, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=JGQhAAAAMAAJ America's Second Crusade]'' (Regnery, 1950) ASIN 0865977070, p. 206. Cf. Rose McDermott, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=N_G-wELa3xYC Presidential Leadership, Illness, and Decision Making]'' (Cambridge University Press, 2008) ISBN 0521882729, pp. 96-110; Bert Edward Park, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=hSnUtD0-nWIC Ailing, Aging, Addicted: Studies of Compromised Leadership]'' (University Press of Kentucky, 1993) ISBN 0813118530, pp. 200, 207</ref> His face was "gray, gaunt, and sagging and the muscles controlling the lips seemed to have lost part of their function," wrote [[New Deal]] [[liberal]]<ref>Nathaniel Burt, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=L9ueb6r1uXgC The perennial Philadelphians: the anatomy of an American aristocracy]'' (University of Pennsylvania Press, 1999) ISBN 0812216938, p. 35</ref> John Gunther. "I felt certain that he was going to die."<ref>John Gunther, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=pRd3AAAAMAAJ Roosevelt in retrospect: a profile in history]'' (Harper, 1950), p. 29</ref> According to James Farley, former Chairman of the Democratic National Committee:
{{cquote|In our evaluation of President Roosevelt, [https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/people/hull-cordell Cordell Hull] and I agreed that he was a sick man at Yalta and should not have been called upon to make decisions affecting this country and the world. Physical illness, we knew, taxed his mind and left him in no shape to bargain with such hard bargainers as the Russians...<ref>James A. Farley, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=xebpf5ccGHkC Jim Farley's Story - The Roosevelt Years]'' (Read Books, 2007) ISBN 1406724548, p. 376</ref>}}
Roosevelt's cardiologist agreed: At the conference, Roosevelt “was obviously greatly fatigued,” he observed. “His color was very poor (gray).”<ref>Edward Shorter, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=3scUP7B_R7kC Doctors and Their Patients: A Social History]'', 3rd Ed. (Transaction Publishers, 1991) ISBN 088738871X, p. 100</ref> Dr. Roger Lee, then president of the American Medical Association, wrote during Yalta that Roosevelt “was irascible and became very irritable if he had to concentrate his mind for long. If anything was brought up that wanted thinking out he would change the subject.”<ref>[[#refWilson2002|Wilson 2002]]: 276</ref> ''Chicago Tribune'' reporter Orville Dwyer reported that Dr. Louis E. Schmidt, a confidante of Roosevelt’s daughter Anna, informed him that at Yalta FDR suffered frequent brain seizures, during which
{{cquote|he would be unconscious (completely out) although sitting up and apparently functioning for periods of from a few seconds to several minutes. Dr Schmidt said he has no doubt from his conversations with Anna that these were occurring regularly at the time he was meeting with Churchill and Stalin and holding other momentous conferences of the utmost importance to the United States. He said the effect would be that he would be cognizant of what was going on, then suddenly lose the thread completely for anywhere from a few seconds to two or three minutes—and that he could not possibly have known what was going on in between.<ref>Steven Lomazow , "[http://hnn.us/articles/126978.html The Truth About 'The Sick Man At Yalta']," History News Network (George Mason University), May 24, 2010</ref>}}
“The President seemed placid and frail,” wrote [[Winston Churchill]]. “I felt that he had a slender contact with life.”<ref>Sir Winston Churchill, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=M_6cljKX0uUC Triumph and Tragedy]'' (New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 1986) ISBN 0395410606, p. 348</ref> "Winston is puzzled and distressed," noted Churchill's physician. "The President no longer seems to the P.M. to take an intelligent interest in the war; often he does not seem even to read the papers the P.M. gives him."<ref>This may have been due to FDR's "inability to follow the text," perhaps due to "a dysfunction in the right posterior portion of the brain." Claude R. Marx, "[http://www.boston.com/ae/books/articles/2010/01/02/a_journalist_and_neurologist_examine_fdrs_deadly_secret/ A Second Opinion on FDR’s Condition]," ''Boston Globe'', January 2, 2010. Cf. Steven Lomazow and Eric Fettmann, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=usRaPgAACAAJ FDR's Deadly Secret]'' (PublicAffairs, 2010) ISBN 1586487442</ref> He commented:
{{cquote|Everyone seemed to agree that the President had gone to bits physically....He intervened very little in discussions, sitting with his mouth open....I doubt, from what I have seen, whether he is fit for his job here.<ref>Jerrold M. Post and Robert S. Robins, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=SvU-aEsPWdoC When Illness Strikes the Leader: The Dilemma of the Captive King]'' (Yale University Press, 1995) ISBN 0300063148, p. 26</ref> To a doctor's eye, the president appears a sick man. He has all the symptoms of hardening of the arteries of the brain in an advanced stage....<ref>[[#refWilson2002|Wilson 2002]]: 276-277</ref>}}
In [https://books.google.com/books?id=jVZ-AAAACAAJ his memoirs], Churchill's bodyguard Walter Thompson would later recall seeing the Prime Minister
{{cquote|weeping over the concessions Roosevelt made to Stalin at Yalta in 1945. "Why, Thompson, did they allow the president, almost dying on his feet, to be there?" he [Churchill] asked. "[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/article581067.ece All Europe will suffer from the decisions made at Yalta]."}}
The deterioration in Roosevelt's judgement became evident in some of his more controversial statements at Yalta, including the following, recorded in the formerly [http://archive.today/p3GKt Top Secret minutes] two weeks after the liberation of [[Auschwitz]]:
{{cquote|MARSHAL STALIN asked whether the President intended to make any concessions to Ibn Saud [King of Saudi Arabia].
THE PRESIDENT replied that there was only one concession he thought he might offer and that was to give him the six million Jews in the United States.}}
====United Nations planning====
As what Harvard historian [http://history.fas.harvard.edu/people/serhii-plokhii Serhii Plokhii] calls "the State Department's expert on the United Nations" at Yalta, Hiss was involved in discussions preceeding the secret agreement<ref>According to Hiss, the agreement to give the Soviets three votes in the UN to one for the U.S. “was not put in the [[#refYalta45|communiqué]]" containing the public Yalta agreement. It was, he said, an "oral agreement ... that the Russians would bring their two delegations [''sic''—actually three delegations—the Soviet Union, Ukraine, and Byelorussia] to [the UN Charter Conference in] San Francisco, propose them for admission [to the United Nations], and we [the United States] would agree. But it would not be announced in advance.” [[#refYUNHiss|YUN 1990]]: 18 (PDF 19)</ref> to give the [[Soviet Union]] three votes in the UN to one for the U.S. Although Hiss officially opposed this decision, there is some mystery as to how it came about: Hiss would later claim that the British informed him that US agreement to this Soviet demand had come from Stettinius himself, but Stettinus denied that he had ever made such an agreement.<ref>[[#refPlokhy2010|Plohky 2010]]: 192</ref> Later urging [[Franklin Roosevelt|Roosevelt]] to tell the [[U.S.]] delegation to the UN founding conference "the whole truth" about this agreement (which he called "this X-matter"), Stettinius would advise [[FDR]] to have Hiss with him when he broke the news to the [[American]] delegates.<ref>[[#refStettinius75|Stettinius 1975]]: 305-306</ref> The President would be dead within a month; this agreement would not be disclosed for another two years.<ref>Michael Kort, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=xAnwfRnsl6oC The Columbia Guide to the Cold War]'' (New York: Columbia University Press, 2001) ISBN 0231107730, p. 179</ref>

===='Traitors'====
The Soviets, already [http://www.nsa.gov/public_info/_files/venona/1944/24may_roosevelt.pdf covertly informed] of Roosevelt's declining health, bugged the U.S. quarters, and [https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/csi-studies/studies/vol49no3/html_files/FDR_Teheran_12.htm listened avidly].<ref>At Teheran, Roosevelt actually chose to stay in the Soviet embassy, because it had [[#refBlack06|larger quarters]].</ref> On [http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/coldwar/index.php?action=chrono February 4, 1945], Hiss accompanied [[FDR]] to his meeting with [[Winston Churchill|Churchill]] and [[Joseph Stalin|Stalin]]. According to Robert Louis Benson, former Technical Director for Counterintelligence at the National Security Agency<ref>[http://www.nsa.gov/about/_files/cryptologic_heritage/SYMP_2009_agenda.pdf Agenda], 2009 Cryptologic History Symposium, Center for Cryptologic History (National Security Agency - Central Security Service), p. 3</ref> (NSA), and Cecil Phillips, a cryptanalyst who was instrumental in [[#refBenson95|cracking the Soviet code]], "The Russians came to the table with ample knowledge of our purposes and attitudes, through information provided to them by traitors whose deeds ultimately were revealed in [[Venona project|Venona]]."<ref>[[#refBP95|Benson, Phillips 1995]]: 13</ref> But Venona is not the only source: According to Plokhii, the [http://www.airforce-magazine.com/MagazineArchive/Pages/2012/September%202012/0912yalta.aspx foremost modern analyst of Yalta], "New evidence from the Soviet archives supports the thesis that Hiss was a Soviet spy at the time of the Yalta Conference."<ref>[[#refPlokhy2010|Plokhy 2010]]: xxv</ref> "One of the officials [at Yalta] we had established confidential relations with was Alger Hiss," who was, according to Sudoplatov, "highly sympathetic to the interests of the Soviet Union."<ref>[[#refSudoplatov95|Sudoplatov 1995]]: 227</ref> According to confidential [[GRU]] sources, during the conference, Hiss gave daily briefings to Stalin's military adviser, General Mikhail Abramovich Milshtein, who had been one of Hiss’s control officers in 1935-38, when he served as vice-consul at the Soviet consulate New York, and was now deputy director of the GRU. Hiss's briefings revealed not only the American negotiating strategy but insights into the attitudes of the American negotiators.<ref>[[#refSchecter02|Schecter 2002]]: 130</ref> Sudoplatov added:
{{cquote|In conversation, Hiss disclosed to [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,851866,00.html Oumansky], and then Litvinov,<ref>Hugh D. Phillips, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=qjWPAAAAIAAJ&pgis=1 Between the Revolution and the West: A Political Biography of Maxim M. Litvinov]'' (New York: Westview Press, 1992) ISBN 0813310385</ref> official U.S. attitudes and plans; he was also very close to our sources who were cooperating with Soviet intelligence and to our active intelligence operators in the United States. Within this framework of exchange of confidential information were references to Hiss as the source who told us the Americans were prepared to make a deal in Europe.<ref>[[#refSudoplatov95|Sudoplatov 1995]]: 227</ref>}}

====Poland====
Although it had nothing to do with Hiss's area of responsibility—the UN—when [[Franklin Roosevelt|Roosevelt]] asked the [[Secretary of State]] "to get a lawyer to consult with him over the wording of the Polish boundary statement," wrote Stettinius, "I called Alger Hiss."<ref>Edward R. Stettinius, Jr., ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=IjhQ_gsiCzwC Roosevelt and the Russians]'' (Whitefish, Mont.: Kettinger Publishing, 2005) ISBN 1419103105, p. 270</ref> The U.S. ended up ceding eastern Poland to the Soviet Union,<ref>[[#refDallas05|Dallas 2005]]: 557</ref> [https://web.archive.org/web/20120216060530/http://politicom.moldova.org/news/moscow-attempts-to-reinterpret-the-molotovribbentrop-pact-203326-eng.html effectively ratifying] what Eden called [[#refBlack06|the "Ribbentrop-Molotov" line]]—the deal [[Stalin]] had made with [[Adolf Hitler|Hitler]] in the [http://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org/docpage.cfm?docpage_id=2316 secret protocols] of the [[Nazi-Soviet pact]]. As [http://www.pulitzer.org/citation/2004-General-Nonfiction Pulitzer prize winning] [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/opinions/biographies/anne-applebaum.html ''Washington Post'' columnist] Anne Applebaum put it, Yalta "went beyond mere recognition of Soviet occupation and conferred legality and international acceptance on [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/05/10/AR2005051001187.html new borders and political structures]." It was agreed to keep these plans [[#refBlack06|entirely secret]]. U.S. Ambassador to Poland Arthur Bliss Lane resigned in protest: "As I glanced over [[#refYalta45|the document]], I could not believe my eyes," he wrote. "To me, almost every line spoke of a surrender to Stalin."<ref>Arthur Bliss Lane, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=SzQrAAAAIAAJ&pgis=1 I Saw Poland Betrayed: An American Ambassador Reports to the American People]'' (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill Co., 1948) ASIN B000NWTIF8, p. 56. When Truman became President and saw the secret codicils, he was "amazed the Polish agreement 'wasn't more clear cut'." Wilson D. Miscamble, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=QWc58mXB5uUC From Roosevelt to Truman: Potsdam, Hiroshima, and the Cold War]'' (Cambridge University Press, 2007) ISBN 0521862442, p. 112</ref>

====China====
Hiss had input even on China. During pre-conference negotiations with British Foreign Secretary Anthony Eden, regarding the war with Japan, "Mr. Hiss brought up the question of China," according to the formerly [https://archive.is/HTiIW Top Secret minutes], "and stressed the importance which the United States attaches to U.S.-British-Soviet encouragement and support for an agreement between the [[Comintern|Commintern]] [sic] and the Chinese Congress [sic]."<ref>[[#refStettinius75|Stettinius 1975]]: 229. The official State Department record resorts to the passive voice, obscuring Hiss's role in this incident: "The desirability of unity being achieved between the [[Kuomintang]] and the [[Communists]] was raised, and reference was made to the President having some doubts as to whether the British desired this unity." Meeting of the Foreign Ministers, February 1, 1945, 10:30 A.M., on Board H. M. S. "Sirius" in Grand Harbor. [[#refFRUS45|FRUS 1945]]: [http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/FRUS/FRUS-idx?type=goto&id=FRUS.FRUS1945&isize=XL&submit=Go+to+page&page=502 502] Press reports relying on this [https://books.google.com/books?id=kotPYEqx7kMC&q=memory+hole#v=snippet&q=memory%20hole&f=false bowdlerized] official account thus reported, e.g.: "Alger Hiss, whose role at the Yalta conference long has been a subject for hostile speculation, spent his time there [http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F40C11F6345A107A93CAA81788D85F418585F9 exclusively on planning for the United Nations]." FDR apologists such as liberal "[https://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/04/weekinreview/04tanenhaus.html court historian]" Arthur Schlesinger parroted this official version as dogma: "As for Yalta, Alger Hiss had nothing to do with the Far Eastern discussions, and knew nothing of their existence," etc. Arthur Meier Schlesinger, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=MegmQB1MxqkC The Politics of Hope: And, The Bitter Heritage: American Liberalism in the 1960s]'' (Princeton University Press, 2008) ISBN 0691134758, p. 237</ref> The British, due to their interests in Hong Kong and Singapore, had influence with the [[Kuomintang]], but none with the [[Communists]]; the Soviets, who did have influence with the Communists, were not present (because they were [http://avalon.law.yale.edu/subject_menus/smenu.asp not at war with Japan]). The only effect Hiss had in bringing up the issue therefore was to co-opt the British to pressure the Chinese government into acquiescing to a [[Kremlin]]-backed power-sharing arrangement with the rebels, thus granting a measure of legitimacy to forces dedicated to its destruction—a policy that Acheson would subsequently use as a pretext to obstruct aid to China<ref>"Too much stress cannot be laid on the hope that our economic assistance be carried out in China through the medium of a government fully and fairly representative of all important Chinese political elements, including the Chinese Communists," said Acheson. (Freda Utley, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=JmAcAAAAMAAJ The China story]'' [H. Regnery Co., 1951], p. 15) This was the pretext for the U.S. embargo on arms to China in July 1946. Even after the embargo ended in May 1947, Acheson was able to delay shipments another six months. In 1949, he would explicitly instruct his subordinates that "it is desirable that shipments be delayed where possible to do so without formal action." (David S. McLellan, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=SfJ2AAAAMAAJ Dean Acheson: the State Department years]'' [New York: Dodd, Mead & Co., 1976] ISBN 0396073131, p. 188) After the fall of China, Senator John F. Kennedy would comment: "Mr. Speaker, over this weekend we have learned the extent of the disaster that has befallen China and the United States. The responsibility for the failure of our foreign policy in the Far East rests squarely with the [Truman] White House and the [Acheson] Department of State. The continued insistence that aid would not be forthcoming unless a coalition government with the Communists was formed, was a crippling blow to the National Government. So concerned were our diplomats and their advisers, the [[Owen Lattimore|Lattimore]]s and the Fairbanks, with the imperfection of the democratic system in China after twenty years of war, and the tales of corruption in high places, that they lost sight of our tremendous stake in a non-Communist China." John F. Kennedy, ''A Compendium of Speeches, Statements, and Remarks Delivered During His Service in the Congress of the United States'' (Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, 1964), pp. 41-42. Cf. [[#refEvans07|Evans 2007]]: 419</ref>—a move that would prove [http://www.orthodoxytoday.org/articles5/RummelDemocide.php catastrophic for the Chinese].<ref>After the fall of the Nationalist Chinese government, Communist Chinese dictator Mao Zedong "was responsible for [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1069136,00.html well over 70 million] deaths in peacetime, more than any other 20th-century leader," according to Jung Chang, a former [http://chineseculture.about.com/od/mediainchina/p/Writer-Jung-Chang.htm member of Mao's Red Guards]. [[#refChang05|Chang 2005]]: 3, 560, 651. Cf. Stephane Courtois et al., ''[http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674076082 The Black Book of Communism: Crimes, Terror, Repression]'' (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1999) ISBN 9780674076082, p. 4.</ref>

Among the "memoranda for the President" Stettinius directed be placed "in the hands of Mr. Alger Hiss," according to retired U.S. intelligence analyst Christina Shelton, was a position paper registering the State Department's strong opposition to turning over to the USSR the southern Kurile and Sakhalin islands. This State Department memo never made it into the Yalta briefing books, but did make it to Moscow, where it would be [http://frontpagemag.com/2012/05/03/alger-hiss-why-he-chose-treason/ found in the Russian archives] after the fall of the Soviet Union.<ref>[[#refPlokhy2010|Plokhy 2010]], cited in [[#refShelton2012|Shelton 2012]]: 151</ref>

Apparently unaware of this memo, [[Franklin Roosevelt|Roosevelt]] ultimately made a secret agreement with [[Stalin]] ([[Winston Churchill|Churchill]] was [https://web.archive.org/web/20131113064720/https://www.pbs.org/behindcloseddoors/in-depth/the-conferences.html#Argonaut2 not informed]), conceding these territorial demands, as well as giving [[Moscow]] rights to the main Manchurian railroad and territory in northern China.<ref>Tsuyoshi Hasegawa, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=XjW49VTRhxQC The End of the Pacific War: Reappraisals]'' (Stanford University Press, 2007) ISBN 0804754276, p. 156</ref> U.S. Ambassador to China Patrick J. Hurley resigned in protest,<ref>Laura Tyson Li, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=tnbMSIL077wC Madame Chiang Kai-Shek: China's Eternal First Lady]'' (Open City Books, 2006) ISBN 0871139332, p. 267</ref> alleging the existence of a "Communist conspiracy within the State Department."<ref>Don Lohbeck, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=eJ44AAAAIAAJ Patrick J. Hurley]'' (H. Regnery Co., 1956), p. 447</ref>

Hiss would later deny under oath any role in China policy at Yalta, or in the subsequent State Department proclamation calling for "peace and unity with the Communists in China," saying "It was not in my area of activity at all." Hiss admitted that he "had been connected with far eastern affairs before," but protested that after "about February 1944 [a year before he "stressed the importance" of unity with the Communists], I was assigned to United Nations work and specialized entirely in that field thereafter."<ref>[[#refHUAC48|HUAC 1948]]: 657 (PDF 167)</ref>

====Other secret agreements====
According to [https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/people/byrnes-james-francis James F. Byrnes], then director of the Office of War Mobilization and Reconversion, he and others returned from Yalta to Washington on February 10, but Roosevelt stayed behind with a select few—including Hiss:
{{cquote|We expected the conference would end that evening and that the President would leave the following day. But that afternoon [http://education-research.org/images/FDR-Stalin-Jews.jpg Stalin requested] the President to remain one more day. He said they could not conclude their work and he wished to discuss some matter he deemed important. The President complied.... [T]he protocols... were signed on February 11.
When the President returned, he did not mention it to me and the protocol was kept locked in his safe at the White House.}}
Only after [[FDR|Roosevelt]]'s death would Byrnes, by then Secretary of State, learn—due to "a news story from Moscow," he wrote—of "the full agreement."<ref>James Francis Byrnes, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=OCQqAAAAYAAJ Speaking Frankly]'' (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1974) ISBN 0837174805, pp. 42-43</ref>

Although the conference ended February 11, [http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1947/mar/24/yalta-and-potsdam-agreements-publication yet another] "secret codicil" was added on March 31, less than two weeks before [[FDR]]'s death. This agreement would [http://www.jstor.org/pss/2149110 force] the "[http://www.hillsdale.edu/news/imprimis/archive/issue.asp?year=1988&month=12 repatriation]" of some [[#refHornberger95|two million]] refugees ([http://www.capitalcentury.com/1945.html including] [[#refHerman95|1.5 million POWs]]) to the Soviet Union for [http://www.trumanlibrary.org/oralhist/lubini.htm slave labor]<ref>[http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/documents/cab_195_3_transcript.pdf U.K. War Cabinet Minutes], June 11, 1945, p. 182</ref> or [[#refHerman95|death in the Gulag]].<ref>"V. REPARATION: The following protocol has been approved: Protocol: On the Talks Between the Heads of Three Governments at the Crimean Conference on the Question of the German Reparations in Kind... 2. Reparation in kind is to be exacted from Germany in... (c) [[#refYalta45|Use of German labor]]." "Stalin then brought up the question of reparations in kind and in manpower.... The latter, of course, referred to forced labor.... [T]he Russians were using many thousands of prisoners in what was reported to be virtual slave camps...." William D. Leahy, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=e-dmAAAAMAAJ I Was There: The Personal Story of the Chief of Staff to Presidents Roosevelt and Truman, Based on His Notes and Diaries Made at the Time]'' (Whittlesey House, 1950), p. 302. Cf. Nikolai Tolstoy, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=u-dvAAAAIAAJ&pgis=1 The Secret Betrayal]'' (New York: Scribner, 1978) ISBN 0684156350; Julius Epstein, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=_3kNAAAAIAAJ&pgis=1 Operation Keelhaul: The Story of Forced Repatriation from 1944 to the Present]'' (Old Greenwich, Conn.: Devin-Adair Co., 1973) ISBN 978-0815964070. Stettinius apparently paid little attention to the issue, evidently leaving the details up to Hiss: When historian Walter Johnson asked him about the Yalta agreement on slave labor, Stettinius referred him to Hiss. ERS and WJ, November 13, 1948, Edward R. Stettinius Jr. Papers, [http://www2.lib.virginia.edu/small/collections/manuscripts_and_rare_books.html Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library], University of Virginia</ref> Acting Secretary of State Joseph Grew, in Washington, sent [https://archive.is/TDxrP a Top Secret telegram] to Stettinius at Yalta, objecting to the repatriation as a violation of the Geneva Convention and of the traditional American policy of granting political asylum. The U.S. nevertheless agreed to the repatriation (which would become known as [[Operation Keelhaul]]), but that agreement was kept secret from the American people [[#refHornberger95|for 50 years]]. As Chamberlin concluded:
{{cquote|The Yalta Agreement … represented, in two of its features, the endorsement by the United States of the principle of human slavery. One of these features was the recognition that German labor could be used as a source of [[reparations]] … And the agreement that Soviet citizens who were found in the Eastern zones of occupation should be handed over to Soviet authorities amounted, for the many Soviet refugees who did not wish to return, to the enactment of a fugitive slave law.<ref>William Henry Chamberlin, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=hZ12AAAAMAAJ Beyond Containment]'' (H. Regnery Co., 1953), p. 42</ref>}}
Asked if he had "drafted or participated in the drafting" of parts of the Yalta agreement, Hiss would testify, "I think it is accurate and not an immodest statement to say that I did to some extent, yes."<ref>[[#refHUAC48|HUAC 1948]]: 656 (PDF 166)</ref>

==='ALES'===
After the conference, Hiss [[#refEhrmanSI51.4|went on]] [http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/history/highlights-of-history/articles/venona to Moscow],<ref>[[#refMark03|Mark 2003]]: 54-55, 57-88, 62, 64</ref> where he was [[#refToledano01|honored by]] Foreign Minister [[Vyacheslav Molotov|V.M. Molotov]]. According to [http://www.hist.cam.ac.uk/directory/cma1001@cam.ac.uk Cambridge professor Christopher Andrew], the [http://pajamasmedia.com/ronradosh/2009/08/10/the-debate-over-soviet-espionage-what-nicholas-lemann-of-the-new-yorker-gets-wrong/ dean of British historians of Soviet espionage], Soviet "files show that after the Yalta conference [https://www.nytimes.com/books/99/01/03/reviews/990103.03persict.html Hiss was secretly awarded the order of the Red Star] during a visit to Moscow."<ref>[[#refSpies09|Haynes, Klehr, Vassiliev 2009]]: 278; Robert L. Beisner, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=D9Zb_feBUdkC Dean Acheson: A Life in the Cold War]'' (Oxford University Press, 2006) ISBN 0195045785, p. 282; [[#refWhite04|White 2004]]: 226; [[#refSchecter02|Schecter 2002]]: 131</ref> In 2006, the [https://www.nytimes.com/1994/05/06/opinion/l-do-us-files-hold-more-atom-spy-secrets-a-coherent-story-012505.html official newspaper] of the Russian Ministry of Defense, ''[http://www.redstar.ru/ Krasnaya Zvezda]'' (''Red Star''), confirmed that five members of a [[GRU|Soviet military intelligence]] apparatus in Washington (one of whom had been a [[GRU]] source in the 1930s, and had access to high-level intelligence about U.S. foreign policy) received Soviet decorations [[#refHK07|in February 1945]].

On April 25, 1945, [[Pavel Fitin]], head of [[NKVD]] foreign intelligence, reported to NKVD Chief [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,858400-1,00.html Vsevolod Merkulov] that [[Harold Glasser]], a Soviet agent in the [[United States Department of the Treasury|U.S. Treasury]] code-named "Ruble,"<ref>[[#refVasWhite3|Vassiliev White Notebook #3]]: Orig. 23; Trans. 44</ref> learned of this award from his friend, "Ales," a GRU agent:
[[Image:Hissetal.jpg|thumb|300 px|Vishinskii (2nd from left), Molotov (5th from left), Stettinius (7th from left), Alger Hiss (right), ca. January 1945. ''Image courtesy Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, National Archives and Records Administration'']]{{cquote|According to data from [[Anatoly Gorsky|Vadim]] the group of agents of the [[GRU|"military" neighbors]] whose part [[Harold Glasser|Ruble]] was earlier, recently was decorated with orders of the USSR. Ruble learned about this fact from his friend Ales, who is the head of the mentioned group.<ref>[[#refHaunted|Weinstein, Vassiliev 1999]]: 269</ref>}}
This memo apparently refers to [[Venona project|Venona]] [[#refVenona1822|decrypt 1822]], dated March 30, 1945, in which "Vadim" ([[Anatoly Gorsky]]) reports,<ref>The translation used here is that of [[#refSchindler05|John R. Schindler]]. Cf. Eric
Breindel, "Goodies from the Venona files: Hiss’ Guilt," ''The New Republic'', April 15, 1996, reprinted in [http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CREC-1996-04-18/pdf/CREC-1996-04-18-pt1-PgH3640.pdf ''The Congressional Record'' Vol. 142, No. 50] (April 18, 1996), pp. H03644-H03645 (PDF pp. 5-6)</ref> following up on a conversation with "Ales," that "Ales has been working with the neighbors [GRU]<ref>John Earl Haynes, [http://h-net.msu.edu/cgi-bin/logbrowse.pl?trx=vx&list=H-Diplo&month=0501&week=a&msg=obaTGXSrsBmHu2ps7TI6fA&user=&pw= KGB sources and the Hiss/'Ales' dispute], H-Diplo Discussion Logs, Humanities and Social Sciences Net Online (Michigan State University), January 5, 2005</ref> continuously since 1935"; that for "a few years now he has been the director of a small group of probationers [agents]<ref>[[#refVStory|Benson 2001]]: 17, 29 (PDF 19, 31)</ref> of the neighbors for the most part drawn from his relatives";<ref>[[#refBenson95|Benson 1995]]</ref> that recently, "Ales and his whole group were awarded Soviet medals"; and that after "the Yalta conference, back in Moscow, one very high-ranking Soviet worker allegedly had contact with Ales (Ales implied that it was Comrade [[Andrey Vyshinsky|Vyshinskii]]) and at the request of the [[GRU|military neighbors]] he conveyed to him their thanks, etc." Regarding "Ales," one FBI memo reports:
{{cquote|It would appear likely that this individual is Alger Hiss in view of the fact that he was in the State Department and the information from Chambers indicated that his wife, Priscilla, was active in Soviet espionage and he also had a brother, Donald, in the State Department. It also is to be noted that Hiss did attend the Yalta conference as a special adviser to President Roosevelt, and he would, of course, have conferred with high officials of other nations attending the conference.<ref>FBI memo: Belmont to Ladd, May 15, 1950 ([http://www.education-research.org/PDFs/VENONA.pdf FBI file: Venona]), p. 8 (PDF p. 11); [[#refRomerstein01|Romerstein, Breindel 2001]]: 137</ref>}}
In its unanimous final report in 1997, the bipartisan [[Moynihan Commission on Government Secrecy]] agreed regarding Ales, "This could only be Alger Hiss."<ref>[[#refMoyComA|Moynihan Commission Appendix A]]: A-34 (PDF 36). After it had been classified for half a century, the late [[Senator]] [[Daniel Patrick Moynihan]] ([[Democratic Party|D.]]-[[New York|N.Y.]]) “asked that [https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/books-and-monographs/directors-and-deputy-directors-of-central-intelligence/deutch.html Deutch] discuss with the [[NSA]] what the status of [[Venona project|Venona]] was and whether its secrecy might no longer be necessary… [O]n July 11, 1995… the heads of the [[CIA]], [[FBI]], and NSA, along with Senator Moynihan, jointly announced that Venona was being opened…” ([[#refHK99|Haynes, Klehr 1999]]: 5-6) In his book ''Secrecy'', Moynihan, a [https://www.nytimes.com/1997/02/23/weekinreview/the-rehabilitation-of-morning-in-america.html liberal Democrat], concluded "Hiss was indeed a [[USSR|Soviet]] agent and appears to have been regarded by [[Moscow]] as its most important. Parts of the [[United States government|American government]] had [[conclusion|conclusive]] [[evidence]] of his guilt, but they never told." ([[#refMoynihan98|Moynihan 1998]]: 146)</ref> Analysts at the NSA have also gone on record that [https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/venona/dece_hiss.html Ales could only have been Alger Hiss]. The late U.S. Air Force historian Eduard Mark called the FBI and NSA's conclusions "eminently reasonable," writing that the evidence showed that "ALES was ''very probably'' Hiss."<ref>[[#refMark03|Mark 2003]]: 54–55, 57–88, 62, 64 (italics in original).</ref> John R. Schindler, professor of strategy at the Naval War College and himself a former NSA analyst, agrees, calling this identification "[[#refSchindler05|exceptionally solid]]" and the evidence "compelling." [https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/csi-studies/studies/vol46no4/article09.html John Ehrman] of the [[CIA]]'s Directorate of Intelligence concurs, "it is clear that [[#refEhrmanSI51.4|Hiss alone remains the best candidate to be ALES]]." Christopher Andrew, writing with [https://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/23/world/europe/23poison.html ex-KGB agent] Vasili Mitrokhin, says the identification of "Ales" as Hiss is "beyond reasonable doubt."<ref>[[#refSword|Andrew, Mitrokin 2000]]: 599</ref> The codename Ales, concludes Mark Kramer, [http://daviscenter.fas.harvard.edu/about-us/people/mark-kramer director of the Project for Cold War Studies] at [[Harvard University]], "seems to fit [http://hnn.us/roundup/entries/37819.html only Hiss]."

[[Image:Hiss2.jpg|thumb|left|300 px|The name "Alger Hiss" in English, from Vassiliev's notes on Perlo's March 15, 1945 list to Moscow Center. ''Image courtesy [[#refVas|Cold War International History Project]], Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars'']]On March 15, [[Victor Perlo]] ([http://www.johnearlhaynes.org/page59.html code-named "Raid"]) gave Moscow (in English) a list of people not in his "[[Perlo group]]" whom he knew worked with [[Soviet]] intelligence. Included on that list was the name "Alger Hiss."<ref>[[#refSpies09|Haynes, Klehr, Vassiliev 2009]]: 14. Cf. [[#refVasWhite3|Vassiliev White Notebook #3]]: Orig. 40; Trans. 78</ref> Five days later, [[State Department]] security officer Raymond Murphy interviewed Chambers. Murphy's notes record that Chambers reiterated his identification of Hiss as a member of the Communist Party underground apparatus, but added that he was also the leader of a cell and not merely a Communist but, said Chambers, an agent of influence who sought to shape U.S. policy "in keeping with the desires of the Communist Party," as well as an [[espionage]] agent who "disclosed much confidential matter."<ref>[[#refSISS16|SISS pt. 16]]: 1182 (PDF 122)</ref>

On March 24, [[FBI]] agent E.A. Tamm, assistant to FBI Director [[J. Edgar Hoover]], alerted Robert Lynch, Special Assistant to the [[Secretary of State]], to [[Whittaker Chambers|Chambers]]' allegations that Hiss had been a member of the underground organization of the [[Communist Party]], and to Hiss's links to [[Nathan Witt]] and [[Lee Pressman]]. After interviewing Hiss the next day,<ref>[[#refWeinstein78|Weinstein 1978]]: 359</ref> FBI official D.M. Ladd furnished Frederick B. Lyon, Chief of the [[State Department]] Division of Foreign Activity Correlation, a summary memorandum outlining this information.<ref>FBI memorandum: Ladd to Hoover, January 28, 1949 (FBI file: Hiss Chambers, Vol. 44)</ref> On March 26, State Department security officer Robert Bannerman sent Donald Russell, Assistant Secretary of State for Administration, a comprehensive secret report on Chambers' allegations regarding Hiss, recommending "that immediate action be taken to terminate Mr. Hiss's services with the Department."<ref>[[#refWeinstein78|Weinstein 1978]]: 364</ref>

===United Nations===
[[Image:AlgerHissUNConference.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Secretary General Alger Hiss presides over the UN Charter Conference, 1945. At his right, Molotov]] Even [http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F10C15F73F5B177B93C2AB1789D85F418485F9&scp=1 as the Soviets were decorating "Ales"], Hiss was promoted to become Director of the State Department Office of Special Political Affairs. Shortly thereafter, he was named Secretary-General<ref>[[#refUN46|UN 1946-47]]: 14, 48 (PDF 15, 49)</ref> of the upcoming [[United Nations]] Charter Conference in San Francisco. "As Secretary-General, managing the agenda," reported ''Time'', Hiss "will have a lot to say behind the scenes about [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,775560,00.html who gets the breaks]."

On March 19, [[William J. Donovan|"Wild Bill" Donovan]], director of the [[Office of Strategic Services]] (precursor of the [[CIA]]), offered Stettinius the services of [[OSS]] foreign experts to prepare research studies "on all personnel concerned" in the conference. According to Stettinius, Hiss "strongly opposed" this proposal, and "vigorously endorsed" the view that OSS "doing espionage work" at the conference would "seriously embarrass us." As a result, "American intelligence work at the conference was sharply limited."<ref>[[#refStettinius75|Stettinius 1975]]: 303</ref>

Meanwhile, "Vadim" ([[Anatoly Gorsky|Gorsky]])<ref>[[#refSword|Andrew, Mitrokin 2000]]: 90</ref> wanted to meet with "Ales" at the conference, according to [[#refFoote|a cable]] Vassiliev discovered in the Soviet archives. His notes indicate that "Ales" had worked with "Ruble" ([[#refBLH05|Harold Glasser]]) as a member of a group run by "Karl" (Whittaker Chambers).<ref>[[#refVasBlack|Vassiliev Black Notebook]]: Orig. 39; Trans. 77; cf. [[#refBLH05|Bachman, Leich, Haynes 2005]]; [[#refLowCher|Lowenthal, Chervonnaya 2005]]</ref> The cable adds that "'Ruble' gives 'Ales' an exceptionally good political reference as a member of the [[Communist Party|Comparty]].... completely aware that he is Communist in an illegal position, with all the ensuing consequences," and recommends (according to the notes) that he be approached at the UN conference by "Sergei" (NKVD agent [[Vladimir Pravdin]],<ref>[[#refVStory|Benson 2001]]: 31 (PDF 34)</ref> then under cover as New York bureau chief of the Soviet news agency TASS)<ref>[[#refSword|Andrew, Mitrokin 2000]]: 124; "Pravdin" was actually [[#refKlehr04|Rolland Abbiat, murderer of Ignace Reiss]].</ref> or Gorsky, "alluding either to the password, or to '[[Harold Glasser|Ruble]]', or simply to [[#refHK07|'Ales's' progressive attitudes]]."

[[Image:Hisscharter.jpg|thumb|300 px|left|Hiss arrives in Washington from San Francisco with UN Charter in fireproof [http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,852292,00.html safe with parachute]. ''Image courtesy United States Air Force'']]In April 1945, at the UN conference, [[Harold Glasser|Glasser]] slipped [[Anatoly Gorsky|Gorsky]] a warning that the FBI had notified Stettinius that Bureau surveillance had followed a bundle of State Department documents from Washington to New York, where they were photographed, then returned within 24 hours to Washington. Only three people had access to these documents, one of whom was "Ales." Stettinius told "Ales": "I hope it is not you."<ref>[[#refHaunted|Weinstein, Vassiliev 1999]]: 267-268. The [[Communist Party]]'s ardor for the UN was evident that month, when the Party's [https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/157923/Eugene-Dennis general secretary] wrote in an [http://politicalaffairs.net/a-new-era-begins/ official organ] of the [[CPUSA]]: "Great popular support and enthusiasm for the United Nations policies should be built up, well organized and fully articulate. But it is necessary to do more than that. The opposition must be rendered so impotent that it will be unable to gather any significant support in the Senate against the United Nations Charter and the treaties which will follow." Eugene Dennis, "Yalta and America's National Unity," [https://books.google.com/books?id=T8kcAAAAIAAJ ''Political Affairs'', Vol. 24] (April 1945), p. 300</ref>

After the conference, Stettinius resigned to become the first [[U.S.]] Ambassador to the [[United Nations]]. His successor as [[Secretary of State]], [https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/people/byrnes-james-francis James Byrnes], was immediately "faced with the problem of what he would do with Alger."<ref>William Powell, [https://web.archive.org/web/20070316101732/https://www.un.org/depts/dhl/unationsday/docs/johnson10june85.pdf UN Interview, Joseph Johnson, June 10, 1985], p. 27 (PDF p. 29), UN Oral History Collection, Yale University Library (Archive)</ref> Byrnes had been "pushed out" of planning the UN conference, according to Stettinius, after [[FDR]] had signaled "that Alger Hiss and I should handle this entirely ourselves."<ref>[[#refStettinius75|Stettinius 1975]]: 249</ref>

Byrnes said that [[#refToledano97|despite his categorical instructions]] not to recommend any U.S. citizen for posts in the UN Secretariat, "Hiss forwarded to the UN the resumes of [http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F60E1EFE3D59107A93C6AB1788D85F478585F9&scp=130&sq=%22alger%20hiss%22&st=cse nearly 500] people, many of them his confreres at State, as prospective global staffers."<ref>"About 50 of these later showed up on the permanent UN payroll, while more than 200 others got part-time assignments." [[#refEvans07|Evans 2007]]: 159. A Senate Internal Security Subcommittee investigation found that Hiss recommended a total of 494 persons for positions as UN officials. Of these, 58 had passed through Hiss's Office of Special Political Affairs; 219 persons who had worked in Hiss's office were "loaned" to the UN, of whom 49 became permanent UN officials. Senator James Eastland (D-MO) commented: "I am appalled at the extensive evidence indicating that there is today in the UN among the American employees there, the greatest concentration of Communists that this Committee has ever encountered.... These people occupy high positions. They have very high salaries and almost all of these people have, in the past, been employees in the U.S. government in high and sensitive positions." (United States Senate. Committee on Internal Security. Activities of U.S. Citizens Employed by the UN. Hearings (1952), pp. 407-408; Report (1954), p. 12. Cf. [[#refSISS16|SISS Part 16]]: 1072 (PDF 12)</ref> Many were [[#refToledano97|members of Communist cells]] in the government, whose jobs were at risk under a tightened security program. [http://www.commentarymagazine.com/viewarticle.cfm/the-friends-of-dalton-trumbo-11468 The Communist] [[#refGarvin04|Dalton]] [http://www.frontpagemag.com/readArticle.aspx?ARTID=9274 Trumbo], a [http://www.humanevents.com/article.php?id=27810 thoroughgoing Stalinist], boasted that he had been Stettinius' [http://www.frontpagemag.com/readArticle.aspx?ARTID=32073 ghost-writer] at the conference.<ref>"To Elsie McKeough," Helen Manfull, Ed., ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=uJpbAAAAMAAJ&pgis=1 Additional Dialogue: Letters of Dalton Trumbo, 1942-1962]'' (New York: M. Evans and Company, 1970), p. 37</ref> Press accounts attributed the hiring of Trumbo (who would become infamous in 1947 as one of the "Hollywood Ten") [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=950&dat=19500703&id=SrILAAAAIBAJ&sjid=elUDAAAAIBAJ&pg=1706,274693 to Hiss].<ref>[[#refTL50|de Toledano, Lasky 1950]]: 110</ref>

Hoping to obtain "control of the entire [[Mediterranean]]," the [[USSR|Soviets]] forced through a [[UN]] resolution demanding "an immediate boycott" of [[Spain]]. But as it gradually became clear that the Soviets were seeking "[[Communist]] expansion world-wide," the [[US]] sought the reversal of this UN resolution. According to William B. Dunham of the [[State Department]]'s Office of Western European Affairs:<ref>United States Civil Service Commission, ''[http://ia700502.us.archive.org/22/items/officialregister1955unit/officialregister1955unit_bw.pdf Official Register of the United States, 1955]'' (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1955), p. 26 (PDF p. 48)</ref>
{{cquote|[I]n the State Department... many, especially in the Bureau of UN Affairs.... took every opportunity, tried every dodge, to oppose or at least obstruct as best they could... reversing the UN resolution.... Deputy Assistant Secretary for UN Affairs, Alger Hiss... led the obstructionists there.<ref>William B. Dunham, "[http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/mfdip:@field%28DOCID+mfdip2004dun03%29 How Did You Get Here from There?: Memoir of a Diplomatic Career]," Foreign Affairs Series, Foreign Affairs Oral History Project, Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training, 1996 (Library of Congress)</ref>}}

According to a State Department [[#refCapshaw07|internal security probe]] of Hiss ordered by Byrnes (and made public in 1993),<ref>Sam Tanenhaus, "New Reasons to Doubt Hiss," ''Wall Street Journal'', November 18, 1993</ref> in February 1945, Hiss requested top-secret files from the [[OSS]] on British, Soviet, French and Chinese internal security policies, as well as Far East policy.<ref>[[#refWeinstein78|Weinstein 1978]]: 361-362</ref> FBI surveillance at this time found that Hiss also developed "a keen interest in atomic energy" and other matters relating to military intelligence<ref>[[#refTanenhaus97|Tanenhaus 1997]]: 519; [[#refHK99|Haynes, Klehr 1999]]: 172; [[#refWeinstein78|Weinstein 1978]]: 321-322.</ref>—all of which were [[#refFoote|well outside]] the purview of his office.<ref>[[#refWeinstein78|Weinstein 1978]]: 363</ref> This finding was congruent with a [[Venona]] cable dated the [[#refVenona1822|following month]], in which [[Anatoly Gorsky|Gorsky]] reported that "Ales" and his group were "working on obtaining only military information," since [[GRU|Soviet military intelligence]] "allegedly are not very interested" in "materials about the Bank [United States Department of State]."<ref>[[#refBenson95|Benson 1995]]</ref> Loy Henderson, director of the State Department Office of Near East Affairs (NEA), quietly ordered members of NEA to keep confidential materials and information from Hiss.<ref>H. W. Brands, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=L6V4AAAAMAAJ&pgis=1 Inside the Cold War: Loy Henderson and the Rise of the American Empire, 1918-1961]'' (Oxford University Press, 1991) ISBN 0-19-506707-X, pp. 297-298</ref>

[http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/coldwar/index.php?action=chrono On June 26], The [https://www.un.org/en/documents/charter/index.shtml UN Charter] [http://zombietime.com/un60/IMG_1710.JPG was signed] in [[San Francisco]]. Two days later, State Department liaison Lt. [[Andrew Roth]] of the Office of Naval Intelligence was arrested in the ''[[Amerasia]]'' spy case. [[Communist Party]] General Secretary [[Eugene Dennis]] told [[CPUSA]] National Committee member Jack Stachel<ref>[[#refKHA98|Klehr, Haynes, Anderson 1998]]: 45</ref> that Roth suggested that Alger Hiss might be used to quash the case, according to former CPUSA Politburo member Louis Budenz.<ref>FBI memorandum: Ladd to Hoover, January 28, 1949 (FBI file: Hiss-Chambers, Vol. 44), p. 30. See also FBI Report: (REDACTED), Security Matter—C, June 8, 1950, p. 9 ([http://www.education-research.org/PDFs/IPR29.pdf FBI file: Institute of Pacific Relations, Vol 29], PDF p. 16)</ref>

==Defections and Investigations==
===Igor Gouzenko===
[[Image:StetHiss.jpg|thumb|300 px|Stettinius (foreground left) with Alger Hiss (center), ca. January 1945. ''Courtesy Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, National Archives and Records Administration'']]On September 5, 1945, [[GRU]] code clerk Igor Gouzenko defected from the Soviet Embassy in Ottawa, telling the [http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/ Royal Canadian Mounted Police] that one Lt. Kulakov in the office of the Soviet military attaché told him that he had learned in Moscow prior to his departure in May 1945 that an assistant to then U.S. Secretary of State Stettinius was a Soviet spy.<ref>Amy W. Knight, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=29Iq1f_dNekC How the Cold War Began: The Igor Gouzenko Affair and the Hunt for Soviet Spies]'' (New York: Carroll & Graf Publishers, 2006) ISBN 0786718161, p. 33; FBI letter: [https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/books-and-monographs/venona-soviet-espionage-and-the-american-response-1939-1957/14d.gif Hoover to Lyon, September 24, 1945] (CIA file: Igor Guzenko), reproduced (as [https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/books-and-monographs/venona-soviet-espionage-and-the-american-response-1939-1957/14.gif Document 14]) at [[#refBW96|Benson, Warner 1996]]: [https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/books-and-monographs/venona-soviet-espionage-and-the-american-response-1939-1957/14d.gif 67]. Asked in 1954 by [[SISS|Jenner subcommittee]] council Jay Sourwine to identify "the American source of the confidential American policy decisions which were communicated to you [and] through you to Moscow," Gouzenko would repeat that "there was one particular most definite assistant to Stettinius." Bruce Craig, "Matter of Espionage: Alger Hiss, Harry Dexter White and Igor Gouzenko Reassessed," David Stafford and Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones, eds., ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=4iob0kBAVGAC American-British-Canadian Intelligence Relations, 1939-2000]: Intelligence and National Security'', Vol. 15, Issue 2 (London: Routledge, 2000) ISBN 0714651036, p. 218</ref> Stettinius' aide at the time was Alger Hiss.<ref>[[#refWhite04|White 2004]]: 49 According to Pulitzer Prize winner ([http://takimag.com/article/on_ted_morgan_piers_paul_reads_and_other_greats under the name] [http://www.pulitzer.org/awards/1961 Sanche de Gramont]) Ted Morgan, "We now know, thanks to Venona, that this... was Alger Hiss." [[#refMorgan04|Morgan 2004]]: 267</ref>

Two days later, Canadian Prime Minister [[William Lyon Mackenzie King]] wrote that acting under-secretary of state for external affairs [http://collectionscanada.gc.ca/pam_archives/index.php?fuseaction=genitem.displayItem&lang=eng&rec_nbr=104027&rec_nbr_list=104027,9404,3194639,97961,2675021&back_url=%28http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/lac-bac/result/all-tout.php?module=all&Language=eng&FormName=Fed+Simple+Search&SourceQuery=&ResultCount=5&PageNum=1&MaxDocs=-1&SortSpec=score+desc&Language=eng&SearchIn_1=&Operator_1=AND&SearchIn_2=&SearchInText_2=&Operator_2=AND&SearchIn_3=&SearchInText_3=&Sources_1=amicus&Sources_2=mikan&Sources_3=genapp&Sources_4=web&soundex=on&cainInd=&SearchInText_1=norman+robertson%29 Norman Robertson] told him that Gouzenko’s documents disclosed that “everything was much worse than we would have believed…. Stettinius [had] been surrounded by spies, etc., and the Russian Government [had] been kept informed of all that was being done from that source...”<ref>[[#refPickersgill70|Pickersgill 1970]]: 11</ref>

That same day, [[Soviet]] [[UN]] [[Ambassador]] [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,947456,00.html Andrei Gromyko], in London, told Stettinius, now the new U.S. Ambassador to the UN, that he "would be very happy to see Alger Hiss appointed temporary secretary general"—and thus a [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,164282,00.html candidate for] the [[#refBogdanor08|first permanent Secretary General]]—of the [[United Nations]].<ref>[[#refStettinius75|Stettinius 1975]]: 416. Weinstein observes, "The endorsement of a leading American official by the Russians remains practically unique in the annals of Soviet-American diplomacy at this time." [[#refWeinstein78|Weinstein 1978]]: 361</ref> Gromyko was reiterating a suggestion he had made at the [[San Francisco]] conference the previous April.<ref>[[#refRafalko2-1|Rafalko Vol. 2, Ch. 1]]: 110 (PDF 111). As one scholar comments, "It was astonishing for a Soviet diplomat to propose an [[American]] for what was then the [[UN]]'s highest and most sensitive diplomatic post." Stephen J. Whitfield, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=irSQLb4xiJ8C The Culture of the Cold War]'' (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996) ISBN 0801851955, p. 28</ref>

Also that day, Hiss made an extraordinary proposal that the [[State Department]] create a new post, that of "special assistant for military affairs," linked to his Office of Special Political Affairs,<ref>[[#refHK99|Haynes, Klehr 1999]]: 172; [[#refTanenhaus97|Tanenhaus 1997]]: 519; [[#refWeinstein78|Weinstein 1978]]: 321-322.</ref> thus giving Hiss access to information regarding atomic energy, arms procurement and military intelligence.<ref>[[#refHerman99|Herman 1999]]: 86 (fn)</ref> Hiss also proposed a State Department reorganization scheme, under which, wrote Panuch, Hiss would acquire "working control" over the flow of papers within the department. "If this ambitious project should be approved," warned Panuch, "the Hiss group will have achieved infiltration in, or control of" what he identified as "critically strategic points" within State.<ref>[[#refSISS53|SISS 1953]]: 9-10 (PDF 15-16). De Toledano observes that this plan would have given Hiss "[http://www.aim.org/aim-report/aim-report-media-wont-give-up-on-red-spy-alger-hiss-july-b/ virtual control of the State Department]," which would thus, note two commentators, "have taken a long step forward in the direction of becoming an adjunct to the Soviet Foreign Office." William F. Buckley Jr. and L. Brent Bozell, ''[http://www.americandeception.com/index.php?action=downloadpdf&photo=/PDFsml_AD/McCarthy_and_His_Enemies-Wm_F_Buckley_Jr-L_Brent_Bozell-1954-421pgs-POL.sml.pdf&id=237 McCarthy and His Enemies: The Record and Its Meaning]'' (Washington: Regnery, 1954) ISBN 0895264722, p. 10 (PDF p. 23)</ref>

On September 29, the Canadian Prime Minister met with Truman and Acheson in the White House, telling them that, according to Gouzenko, "an assistant secretary of the Secretary of State's department was supposed to be implicated" in GRU espionage. According to King, Truman "turned to Acheson and said something to the effect that it would not be surprising."<ref>[[#refPickersgill70|Pickersgill 1970]]: 41</ref> Following up on Gouzenko's revelations, Raymond Murphy of the State Department again interviewed Chambers, who stated that Hiss's assignment was "to mess up policy."<ref>[[#refSISS16|SISS Part 16]], p. 1181 (PDF p. 121)</ref> On September 25, Walter Winchell again broached the subject on his broadcast, reporting, "It can be categorically stated that the question of the loyalty and integrity of one high American official has been called to the attention of the President."<ref>[[#refWeinstein78|Weinstein 1978]]: 366. Weinstein calls this "a clear reference to Hiss," adding that Winchell was FBI Director [[J. Edgar Hoover]]'s "most intimate journalistic confidante."</ref>

===Elizabeth Bentley===
In November 1945, Father Charles F. Cronin, a priest instructed by the [http://www.usccb.org/ United States Conference of Catholic Bishops] to prepare a study of the spread of Communism in the United States,<ref>John T. Donovan, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=xhN6dYI6SIcC Crusader in the Cold War: a biography of Fr. John F. Cronin, S.S. (1908-1994)]'' (Peter Lang, 2005) ISBN 0820474134, p. 33</ref> reported, "In the State Department, the most influential Communist has been Alger Hiss."<ref>John F. Cronin, S.S., "[http://mdhistory.net/hiss/cronin-report.pdf The Problem of American Communism in 1945]," p. 49 (PDF p. 58)</ref>
On November 27, the FBI disseminated a secret report to the State Department, the Attorney General, and the Truman White House, reporting Chambers' identification of Hiss as a secret member of the Communist underground apparatus in contact with the Ware group.<ref>FBI Report: [http://www.education-research.org/PDFs/SOVIET%20REPORT.pdf Soviet Espionage Activities in the United States Between World War I and World War II], November 27, 1945, p. 13</ref> Three days later, defecting Soviet courier [[Elizabeth Bentley]] advised FBI investigators that [[Victor Perlo]] told her that [[Harold Glasser]] had been taken away from the “[[Perlo group]]” and turned over to a Russian “by some American in some governmental agency in Washington.”<ref>Statement of Elizabeth Terrell Bentley (FBI file: [[#refSilv6|Silvermaster, Vol. 6]]), [[#refSilv6.106|p. 105 (PDF p. 106)]]. Cf. [[#refHK99|Haynes, Klehr 1999]]: 173</ref>
[[Image:Red star order.jpg|thumb|125px|left|Alger Hiss and Harold Glasser were awarded the Order of the Red Star for their loyalty to the Soviet Union.]]
Bentley's unlikely account was corroborated by the previously-cited April 25, 1945 memo from [[Pavel Fitin]], head of [[NKVD]] foreign intelligence, to NKVD Chief Vsevolod Merkulov, noting that Glasser had worked for both the [[NKVD]] and [[GRU]]:
{{cquote|Our agent RUBLE, drawn to work for the Soviet Union in May 1937, passed initially through the [[GRU|military "neighbors"]] and then through our station ([[NKVD]]) valuable information on political and economic issues.<ref>[[#refHaunted|Weinstein, Vassiliev 1999]]: 268-269; [[#refWhite04|White 2004]]: 226</ref>}}
Bentley said that [[Charles Kramer]] (who would be identified by both [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,856648,00.html Lee Pressman] and [[#refTime3.3.52|Nathaniel Weyl]] as a member of the [[Ware group]]) told her that the person who had done this “was named Hiss and that he was in the U.S. State Department.”<ref>Statement of Elizabeth Terrell Bentley ([[#refSilv6|Silvermaster file, Vol. 6]]), [[#refSilv6.106|p. 105 (PDF p. 106)]]. Cf. [[#refSpies09|Haynes, Klehr, Vassiliev 2009]]: 23</ref> She said after "Jack" (Soviet agent Joseph Katz)<ref>Robert J. Lamphere and Tom Shachtman, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=IB_ShD9fTcsC The FBI-KGB War: A Special Agent's Story]'' (Atlanta: Mercer University Press, 1995) ISBN 0865544778, p. 296</ref> asked her who Hiss was, she clipped an article in which Hiss was mentioned from the New York daily ''PM'', whose [http://www.ifstone.org/pm.php Washington correspondent], [[I.F. Stone]], was (according to Oleg Kalugin, former head of [[KGB]] operations in the United States) a [[fellow traveller|fellow traveler]]<ref>Oleg Kalugin and Fen Montaigne, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=OqkNAAAACAAJ The First Directorate: My 32 Years in Intelligence & Espionage Against the West]'' (Darby, Penn.: Diane Publishing Company, 1994), ISBN 0788151118, p. 74. According to Stone [http://network.nationalpost.com/np/blogs/fullcomment/archive/2009/06/14/robert-fulford-two-views-on-i-f-stone.aspx hagiographer] D.D. Guttenplan, Stone [[#refGuttenplan09|admitted as much]] himself. As Stone put it in 1989, "In a way, I was half a Jeffersonian and half a [[Marxist]]. I never saw a contradiction between the two, and [http://archive.mrc.org/notablequotables/1989/nq19890710.asp I still don't]."</ref> who [https://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/01/books/review/Berman.t.htm?pagewanted=all cooperated with Soviet intelligence] as an "agent of influence."<ref>Myra MacPherson, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=kP3i6WsQBtsC 'All Governments Lie!': The Life and Times of Rebel Journalist I. F. Stone]'' (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2006) ISBN 0684807130, p. 327. MacPherson goes on to quote Kalugin explaining that such agents "could shape public opinion, manipulate public opinion," and that Stone "was willing to perform tasks." Stone was identified in the Venona project with the code name "Blin" (Pancake) ([http://www.nsa.gov/public_info/_files/venona/undated/kgb_ny_moscow.pdf Index of Cover Names, New York-Moscow Communications], p. 10), an identification confirmed by a 13 April 1936 KGB New York station report. The following month, the station reported that relations with "Pancake" had entered "the channel of normal operational work," meaning that Stone had become a "[[#refHKV5.09|fully active agent]]." ([[#refSpies09|Haynes, Klehr, Vassiliev 2009]]: 150) Stone also [[#refVenona1506|met with "Sergei"]], who, under cover as "[[Vladimir Pravdin]]," ([[#refVStory|Benson 2001]]: 31 [PDF 34]) New York bureau chief of the Soviet government news agency TASS ([[#refSword|Andrew, Mitrokin 2000]]: 124), was actually [[NKVD]] agent [[#refKlehr04|Roland Abbiat]], murderer of Ignace Reiss. [[#refKriv39|Krivitsky 1939]]: 261-263 (PDF 285-287)</ref> Bentley said “It is my present recollection that this newspaper article stated Hiss’ full name was Eugene [sic] Hiss and that he was an adviser to [[Dean Acheson]] in the State Department.”<ref>[http://www.education-research.org/PDFs/splitfiles/splitprocessed/Silvermaster006_Folder/Silvermaster006_page106.pdf Silvermaster file, Vol. 6, p. 105 (PDF p. 106)]. According to Foreign Service Officer Jacques J. Reinstein, Hiss served as assistant to Acheson. Thomas Dunnigan, [http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/D?mfdip:7:./temp/~ammem_JLez:: Interview with Jacques J. Reinstein], Foreign Affairs Oral History Collection, Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training, February 5, 2001</ref> FBI investigation quickly closed in on Alger Hiss.<ref>[[#refNKVD|NKVD]]: [http://www.education-research.org/PDFs/splitfiles/splitprocessed/Silvermaster082_Folder/Silvermaster082_page119.pdf 108 (PDF 119)]</ref> This was consistent with the above-cited March 5, 1945 cable,<ref>Alexander Vassiliev’s notes on a cipher telegram from Vadim [Anatoly Gorsky], 5 March 1945, cited in [[#refFoote|Haynes 2007]]</ref> in which Gorsky reports: "‘Ales’ and ‘Ruble’ [Harold Glasser]<ref>[http://www.nsa.gov/public_info/_files/venona/undated/kgb_wash_moscow.pdf Index of KGB Covernames: Washington-Moscow Communications], p. 3 (National Security Agency)</ref> used to work in ‘Karl’s’ (Whittaker Chambers)<ref>[[#refVasBlack|Vassiliev Black Notebook]]: Orig. 39; Trans. 77; cf. [[#refBLH05|Bachman, Leich, Haynes 2005]]; [[#refLowCher|Lowenthal, Chervonnaya 2005]]</ref> informational group, which was affiliated with the neighbors [GRU]."<ref>[[#refVStory|Benson 2001]]: 29 (PDF 31)</ref> Before the end of 1945, a State Department Security memorandum summarized:
{{cquote|Bentley advised that members of this group had told her that Hiss of the State Department had taken Harold Glasser of the Treasury Department, and 2 or 3 others, and had turned them over to direct control by the Soviet representatives in this country. In this regard, attention is directed to Whittaker Chambers' statement regarding Alger Hiss and to the statement by Gouzenko, regarding an assistant to the Secretary of State who was a Soviet agent.<ref>[[#refSISS16|SISS Part 16]]: 1072 (PDF 12)</ref>}}

===Investigations===
On February 9, 1946, [[Stalin]] declared that war was inevitable as long as [[capitalism]] existed, in [http://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/stalin/works/1946/02/09.htm a speech] regarded by some as the open declaration of [[Cold War]].<ref>"In 1946, Stalin declared that the world would never be safe from war so long as capitalism survived. This inaugurated the cold war period." [http://www.lexisnexis.com/documents/academic/upa_cis/CIA%20Murphy%20Collection%20Pt1-1.pdf Fact sheet], Records of the Central Intelligence Agency. The Raymond E. Murphy Collection on International Communism, 1917–1958. Part 1: Eastern Europe. Cf. Walter LaFeber, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=WelaCRwAEo4C America, Russia, and the Cold War: 1945-1984]'' (New York: Knopf, 1985) ISBN 0394343913, p. 38. "The West never chose to have a Cold War, and never would," write Soviet dissident/exiles Vladimir Bukovsky and Pavel Stroilov. "[I]t was always imposed on us [http://archive.frontpagemag.com/Printable.aspx?ArtId=32645 by the Kremlin aggressors]." “The Cold War was [http://www.raleighspyconference.com/wrapup/2003.aspx caused by the Soviet Union], was sustained by the Soviet Union, and was ended by the Soviet Union when it collapsed,” according to Christopher Andrew (so-called “[http://pajamasmedia.com/ronradosh/2009/08/10/the-debate-over-soviet-espionage-what-nicholas-lemann-of-the-new-yorker-gets-wrong/ dean of British intelligence historians]”). “It was and is as simple as that.”</ref> Two days later, ex-[[Communist]] Benjamin Mandel, former manager of the ''Daily Worker'',<ref>Conrad Black, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=0wRK-WPEcfwC Richard M. Nixon: A Life in Full]'' (Jackson, Tenn.: PublicAffairs, 2008), ISBN 1586486748, p. 93</ref> identified Alger Hiss to the [[FBI]] as "a [[Communist Party]] member," and one of a "high level group of [[government]] employees who would not be found openly connected with the Party or with any Front organizations and who were specifically instructed not to display such connections."<ref>FBI memo: Hottel to Hoover, February 11, 1946, pp. [http://www.education-research.org/PDFs/splitfiles/splitprocessed/Silvermaster042_Folder/Silvermaster042_page55.pdf 2]-[http://www.education-research.org/PDFs/splitfiles/splitprocessed/Silvermaster042_Folder/Silvermaster042_page56.pdf 3] ([http://www.education-research.org/CSR/Holdings/Silvermaster/Silvermaster.htm FBI file: Silvermaster], [http://www.education-research.org/PDFs/Silvermaster042.pdf Vol. 42], pp. 55-56)</ref> The Bureau again interviewed Hiss, who denied ever being a Communist, and denied knowledge of any of his friends being Communists. He did, however, add that he had heard it said that [[Lee Pressman]] was either a Party member or followed the Party line.<ref>[[#refNKVD|NKVD]]: [http://www.education-research.org/PDFs/splitfiles/splitprocessed/Silvermaster082_Folder/Silvermaster082_page121.pdf 110 (PDF 121)]</ref>

[[Image:Roach_to_Ladd_3-14-46.jpg|thumb|300px|FBI reports Byrnes' desire to dismiss Hiss, two years before Chambers' testimony. ''Source: [[#refSilv|FBI Silvermaster file]] [[#refSilv149|Vol. 149]], [[#refSilv149.40|p. 40]]'']]An extensive [[FBI]] investigation helped develop a great deal of evidence verifying Chambers’ statements and [http://www.fbi.gov/news/stories/2013/january/a-byte-out-of-history-the-alger-hiss-story revealing Hiss’ cover-ups]. [[Secretary of State]] Byrnes took seriously warnings from [[State Department]] security and the Bureau that evidence existed suggesting that Hiss might be a security risk.<ref>[[#refHK06|Haynes, Klehr 2006]]: 98-99</ref> By that spring, Byrnes was persuaded that Hiss was [[#refBogdanor08|working for the Communist Party]]. An FBI memo of March 14 relates a report that Byrnes "stated that HISS is to be given no further consideration for promotion or assignment to responsible duties in the Department," and that he wanted to know whether Hiss could be "dismissed summarily," adding, "Secretary BYRNES is of the definite opinion that ALGER HISS should be disposed of..."<ref>FBI memo: [[#refSilv149.40|Roach to Ladd, RE: Nathan Gregory Silvermaster, et al.]], March 14, 1946. Summary of File References to Alger Hiss, November 8, 1949, p. 20 (FBI file: [[#refSilv|Silvermaster]], [[#refSilv149|Vol. 149]], p. 40)</ref>

On May 15, the State Department prepared a Top Secret chart identifying 124 loyalty or security cases on the department payroll, broken down into categories: 77 "suspects," another 13 "[[Communist]]s," an additional 14 "sympathizers," and, most ominously, a further 20 personnel identified as "agents"—one of whom was Alger Hiss. Two weeks later, FBI Special Agent Mickey Ladd reported to Director Hoover that Panuch reported to the bureau that Alger Hiss was part of “an enormous espionage ring in Washington” working for the Soviets.<ref>[[#refMoynihan98|Moynihan 1998]]: 69</ref> On July 26, Secretary of State Byrnes wrote to Congressman Adolph J. Sabath (D-Ill.) that security screeners had identified 284 State Department employees as unfit for permanent employent; he added that 79 of these had since left the department<ref>[[#refHerman99|Herman 1999]]: 94</ref>—leaving [http://www.humanevents.com/article.php?id=23388 205 still on the payroll]. On August 3, State Department official Samuel Klaus prepared a [http://www.humanevents.com/article.php?id=23478 106-page confidential memo] summarizing security data on each of the cases listed on the May 15 chart.<ref>[[#refEvans07|Evans 2007]]: 152-154</ref>

That year, [[British]] intelligence supplied its order of battle against [[Soviet]]-led guerrillas in [[Greece]] to the [[Pentagon]]. Shortly thereafter, this top-secret information appeared in the column of Drew Pearson<ref>Jim Heintze, [http://www.library.american.edu/pearson/biography.html Biography of Drew Pearson], February 9, 2006 (Drew Pearson Papers, American University Library Collections)</ref> (whose reporter, [[David Karr]], was a "competent KGB source"),<ref>Yevgenia Albats, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=9PBjk03E814C The State Within a State: The KGB And Its Hold on Russia Past, Present and Future]'' (New York: Farrar, Strauss and Giroux, 1994), pp. 250-251; Yevgenia Albats, "Senator Edward Kennedy Requested KGB Assistance With a Profitable Contract for his Businessman-Friend," ''Izvestia'', June 24, 1992, p. 5. Albats adds that Karr "submitted information to the KGB on the technical capabilities of the United States and other capitalist countries." Cf. [[#refRomerstein01|Romerstein, Breindel 2001]]: 139; [[#refHK99|Haynes, Klehr 1999]]: 247. See also Venona decrypt [http://www.nsa.gov/public_info/_files/venona/1944/15jul_sammuel_krafsur.pdf 998 KGB New York to Moscow 15 July 1944]. Another Pearson legman, Andrew Older, was identified under oath by FBI undercover operative Mary Markward as a secret member of the Communist Party in Washington, DC. [http://ia600508.us.archive.org/12/items/securitygovernme0102unit/securitygovernme0102unit_bw.pdf Security Hearings Pursuant to S. Res. 40, Part 1], Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations, Committee on Government Operations, United States Senate, 83rd Cong., 1st Sess., August 17–18, 1953 (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1953), p. 16 (PDF p. 20); cf. Westbrook Pegler, "Close Scansion of Record Discovers Curious Matter," King Features Syndicate and [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=336&dat=19510721&id=rs0KAAAAIBAJ&sjid=jE4DAAAAIBAJ&pg=3702,4106542 ''The Deseret News'', July 21, 1951, p. 2B]</ref> forcing the British army to withdraw, a move that would have delivered Greece to the [[Kremlin]] had not the U.S. intervened. According to de Toledano, “Deputy Assistant Secretary of State J. Anthony Panuch, in charge of security, tracked down the source of the [[leak]]. He discovered that Hiss had asked the Pentagon for this information, though it had [[#refToledano97|nothing to do]] with his work as director of the Office of Special Political Affairs.” For his diligence, Panuch would be forced out of the State Department by Under Secretary of State Dean Acheson.<ref>Panuch would testify that "...Under Secretary Acheson called me into his office... and he said... '...I would like your resignation.'" As the [[SISS|Jenner subcommittee]] observed, after Panuch warned his superiors about Hiss, "it was Panuch and not Hiss who was dismissed from the State Department." [[#refSISS53|SISS 1953]]: 10; 10n.15</ref>

State Department security officers discovered that Hiss's desk calendar for September 14, 1946, recorded a meeting Hiss did not schedule through the department (and for which he made no official record) with "McLean [sic], British Emb."<ref>[[#refWeinstein78|Weinstein 1978]]: 363-364</ref> Donald Maclean<ref>[http://www.spymuseum.com/pages/agent-maclean-donald.html Donald Maclean], The Spy Museum</ref> was a diplomat at the British Embassy in Washington who was also a [[Soviet]] agent<ref>Exhibit No. 285, Enclosure No. 2 To Despatch No. 418, April 26, 1956, From American Embassy, Canberra, Australia, LS. 1352: Statement of Vladimir Petrov, [http://ia700309.us.archive.org/24/items/scopeofsovietact2730unit/scopeofsovietact2730unit_bw.pdf Scope of Soviet Activity in the United States, Part 28]," Subcommittee To Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws, Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, June 6, 1956, p. 1521 (PDF p. 79)</ref> and member of the [[Cambridge Five|Cambridge spy ring]]. He would defect in 1951 to the [[Soviet Union]],<ref>"[https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/355048/Donald-Maclean Donald Maclean]," ''The Encyclopedia Britannica'', 2008</ref> where he would be rewarded with the rank of Colonel in the KGB.<ref>"[http://www.spymuseum.com/pages/agent-maclean-donald3.html Agent: Maclean, D.]," The Spy Museum</ref> Another member of that ring, [[Kim Philby]], would likewise defect to [[Moscow]], later writing in his memoir, "it was also the era of '''Hiss''', [[Judith Coplon|Coplon]],<ref>Hayden B. Peake, "[https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/csi-studies/studies/vol47no2_2003/article09.html The Judith Coplon Story]," ''Studies in Intelligence'', vol. 47, no. 2, 2003; [http://www.nsa.gov/public_info/_files/venona/1945/8jan_judith_coplon.pdf 27 New York to Moscow 8 January 1945]</ref> [[Klaus Fuchs|Fuchs]],<ref>[https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/bomb/filmmore/reference/primary/fuchsstatement.html Fuchs' confession], "Race for the Bomb" ''The American Experience'' (PBS); [http://www.nsa.gov/public_info/_files/venona/1944/15jun_departure_agent_rest.pdf 850 New York to Moscow, 15 June 1944];</ref> [[Harry Gold|Gold]],<ref>Greg Barker, Director, "[https://www.pbs.org/redfiles/kgb/deep/kgb_deep_bios_detail.htm#Gold The Red Files: Secrets of the Russian Archives Revealed]" (PBS, 1999), ISBN 0-7806-2796-2. Cf. [http://www.nsa.gov/public_info/_files/venona/1944/16nov_klaus_fuchs_harry_gold.pdf Venona 1606(a) KGB New York to Moscow 16 November 1944]</ref> [[David Greenglass|Greenglass]],<ref>Rebecca Leung, "[https://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2003/07/14/60II/main563126.shtml The Traitor: David Greenglass Testified Against His Own Sister]," CBS News, July 16, 2003</ref> and [https://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/12/nyregion/12spy.html?pagewanted=all the brave] [[Julius Rosenberg|Rosenbergs]]<ref>Even the Rosenbergs' sons now accept that their father was [https://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/17/nyregion/17rosenbergs.html?_r=3&hp&oref=slogin guilty]. Cf. [http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/history/famous-cases/the-atom-spy-case The Atom Spy Case], Federal Bureau of Investigation; Ronald Radosh and Joyce Milton, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=QpKjGSHAcaYC The Rosenberg File]'' (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1997) ISBN 0300072058, pp. 53-58; [http://www.nsa.gov/public_info/_files/venona/1944/21sep_recruitment_by_rosenbergs.pdf Venona 1340 KGB New York to Moscow 21 September 1944]</ref>—not to mention others who are still nameless."<ref>Kim Philby, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=duU2kp3RS0gC My Silent War]'' (New York: Random House, Inc., 2002) ISBN 0375759832, p. 150. If Hiss was not a Soviet agent, he was the only one on this list who was not. For Philby to grant him primacy on such a roll of honor (or rogue's gallery) is "suggestive," writes Weinstein, that this [http://www.deseretnews.com/article/4426/ master spy] "evidently either knew or believed" that Hiss was a fellow agent. [[#refWeinstein78|Weinstein 1978]]: 360, footnote</ref>

That year, over strenuous objections on national-security grounds from the State Department's Office of American Republics Affairs (and the government of Panama), the U.S. government reported to the [[United Nations]] on the Panama Canal Zone as "occupied territory," a [[propaganda]] coup for the [[Soviet]]s. According to Assistant Secretary of State for Latin American Affairs [[#refTime11.5.45|Spruille Braden]]:
{{cquote|We then tried to run it down, and we found that this report had been submitted and the employment of the words "occupied territory" by the Office of Special Political Affairs, that is to say, Mr. Alger Hiss.<ref>Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws, Committee on the Judiciary, U.S. Senate, [http://www.archive.org/download/interlockingsubv1920unit/interlockingsubv1920unit_bw.pdf Interlocking subversion in Government Departments, Part 19-20] (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1953), 1365 (PDF p. 25)</ref>}}

Secretary of State James Byrnes told the FBI he would have fired Hiss, but for the mandatory Civil Service Commission hearing, which would have revealed confidential sources on the case.<ref>[[#refWeinstein78|Weinstein 1978]]: 43</ref>

In November 1946, an investigation concluded that Hiss had taken home top-secret reports he was not cleared to see.<ref>Ted Morgan, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=hQjvrgC_zAgC A Covert Life - Jay Lovestone: Communist, Anti-Communist and Spymaster]'' (House, 1999) ISBN 0307805662, p. 146</ref> That month the Bureau disseminated to the State Department, Attorney General and Truman White House yet another secret report, this time reporting Bentley's allegations regarding "Eugene Hiss," suggesting that this might actually be a reference to Alger Hiss.<ref>[[#refNKVD|NKVD]]: [http://www.education-research.org/PDFs/splitfiles/splitprocessed/Silvermaster082_Folder/Silvermaster082_page120.pdf 109 (PDF 1 20)]</ref> Hoover asked President Truman for permission to take action against Hiss, but Truman (according to a former chief of [[CIA]] [[Soviet]] bloc counterintelligence)<ref>[http://yalepress.yale.edu/yupbooks/book.asp?isbn=9780300121988 Spy Wars: Moles, Mysteries, and Deadly Games], Yale University Press</ref> remained "stubbornly antagonistic" to the allegations.<ref>[[#refBagley07|Bagley 2007]]: 273</ref>

That month, for the first time since the [http://www.ashbrook.org/publicat/oped/busch/06/1946.html elections of 1928], the [[Republican Party|Republicans]] had won control of both houses of Congress, in a campaign charging the [[Democratic Party|Democrats]] with being "[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0BUE/is_3_136/ai_n18616442/ soft on Communism]." During the campaign, House Republican leader Joe Martin pledged, "first we will give our efforts to cleaning out the Communists, their fellow travelers and parlor pinks from [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1338&dat=19460921&id=nNtXAAAAIBAJ&sjid=g_UDAAAAIBAJ&pg=1774,4765653 high positions in our Government]." "More than one Congressman," reported ''The Christian Science Monitor'', "whenever the subject of leftist activity in the State Department is mentioned, pulled out a list of suspects that was invariably headed by Mr. Hiss."<ref>[[#refTL50|de Toledano, Lasky 1950]]: 115; [[#refZeligs67|Zeligs 1967]]: 341</ref> This congressional interest finally forced the [[Democratic Party|Democratic]] Truman administration to act: the State Department removed Hiss from access to secrets,<ref>[[#refBagley07|Bagley 2007]]: 273</ref> while the Justice Department planned a [[#refBentleyGJ|grand jury to look into Soviet espionage]].

Two weeks after the election, Truman established the President's Temporary Commission on Employee Loyalty, to determine federal loyalty standards and establish procedures to remove or disqualify "any disloyal or subversive person" from federal service. Truman's actions "left both contemporary observers and historians with the conviction that he acted primarily to preempt further moves on the loyalty issue from the incoming Republican Congress," according to the journal of the National Archives. "Truman's concern about 'subversive' infiltration of the government was likely [[#refRJG06|more political than substantive]]."

In January 1947, Byrnes [[#refCapshaw07|quietly eased Hiss out]] of the State Department. Byrnes would later refuse to testify as a character witness on behalf of Hiss.<ref>[[#refWhite04|White 2004]]: 68</ref> Hiss became president—[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,798920,00.html at $20,000 a year] (the equivalent of [[#refBLS|more than $190,000]] per year today)—of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, serving also as a trustee of the closely-related<ref>Carroll Quigley, ''[https://www.scribd.com/doc/405200/Carroll-Quigley-The-Anglo-American-Establishment The Anglo-American Establishment]'' (G.S.G. & Associates, Incorporated, 1981) ISBN 0945001010, p. 160. Quigley was reportedly an [http://www.4president.org/speeches/billclinton1992acceptance.htm important influence] on President [[Bill Clinton]]. Scott McLemee, "The Quigley Cult," ''George Magazine'' Vol. 1, No. 10 (December 1996)</ref> [[Institute of Pacific Relations]],<ref>[[#refSISS53|SISS 1953]]: 8-10 (PDF 14-16)</ref> which would later be identified by the [[Senate Judiciary Committee]] as "a vehicle used by the Communists to orientate American far eastern policies toward Communist objectives."<ref>[[#refIPR52|S. Rept. 2050]]: 225 (PDF 233)</ref>

== House Committee on Un-American Activities (Redux) ==
That March, in a bid to steal the [[GOP]]'s thunder,<ref>[[#refOlmstead02|Olmstead 2002]]: 114</ref> Truman enacted a "[http://www.trumanlibrary.org/executiveorders/index.php?pid=502 loyalty program]," but no action was taken for three months. Finally, on June 10, members of the newly Republican-controlled Senate sent a secret report to Truman's new Secretary of State, [[George Marshall]], warning him about Undersecretary Dean Acheson, who had fired Panuch:
{{cquote|It becomes necessary due to the gravity of the situation to call your attention to a condition that developed and still flourishes in the State Department under the administration of Dean Acheson. It is evident that there is a deliberate calculated program being carried out not only to protect communist personnel in high places but to reduce security and intelligence protection to a nullity … On file in the department is a copy of a preliminary report of the FBI on Soviet espionage activities in the United States which involves a large number of State Department employees, some in high official positions. This report has been challenged and ignored by those charged with the responsibility of administering the department with the apparent tacit approval of Mr. Acheson.<ref>David Lawrence, "Stevenson Held Unfamiliar with Red Issue," [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1338&dat=19520917&id=gflXAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Z_YDAAAAIBAJ&pg=3180,2556457 ''Spokane Daily Chronicle,'' September 17, 1952, p. 4]</ref>}}

Marshall didn't respond to this report and, according to [[State Department]] security files, there were still [http://www.johnearlhaynes.org/page62.html 108 security cases] in the State Department the following autumn.

Even before the [[#refBentleyGJ|grand jury]] convened, the [[FBI]] learned that the [[Harry S. Truman|Truman]] administration, acutely aware that "an untimely public disclosure about Hiss could easily have torpedoed Truman's hopes for the 1948 Presidential election,"<ref>Charles Stuart Kennedy, [http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/D?mfdip:2:./temp/~ammem_GoLZ:: Interview with Thomas L. Hughes], Foreign Affairs Oral History Collection, Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training, July 7, 1999</ref> conspired to subvert the grand jury process in order to cover up the [[USSR|Soviet]] penetration problem.<ref>One FBI memo reports that [[Harry S. Truman|Truman]] [[Department of Justice|Justice]] wanted the FBI to interview the [[Elizabeth Bentley|Bentley]] suspects, with an eye to “presenting the evidence to a grand jury with the idea of letting them [https://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/No+Bill no bill] the case. Further that in the event [http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=T000175 Congressman Thomas] of the [[HUAC|Un-American Committee]] should ever [http://clerk.house.gov/art_history/highlights.html?action=view&intID=169 raise a question], it would be possible to answer by saying that the grand jury had considered the evidence and it had not deemed it sufficient to justify criminal action.” (FBI file: Hiss-Chambers, Vol. 96)</ref> The grand jury sat for nearly a year (July 22, 1947 to July 20, 1948), during which the Justice Department never called Whittaker Chambers to testify. Without his testimony, the grand jury had no corroboration of Bentley. As a result, it did not indict a [https://archive.is/5BcPM single federal official] for espionage; instead, Truman Justice obtained indictments of the open leaders of the above-ground [[Communist Party]]—not for espionage, but for violations of the [[Smith Act]].<ref>[[#refEvans07|Evans 2007]]: 171, fn</ref>

The [[Republican]] Congress responded by opening its own investigation of espionage suspects including [[Lauchlin Currie]], [[Harry Dexter White]] and Hiss. The [[Democrat]] Truman stonewalled, issuing a Presidential Directive that cut Congress off from all access to FBI and other information on loyalty or security cases:
::"Any [https://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/subpena subpena] or demand or request for information, reports, or files of the nature described, received from sources other than those persons in the executive branch of the Government... shall be [https://trumanlibrary.org/publicpapers/index.php?pid=1415&st=&st1=%2050. respectfully declined]..."<ref>Committee on Un-American Activities, House of Representatives, United States Congress, ''[http://ia700404.us.archive.org/13/items/annualreportfory1953unit/annualreportfory1953unit_bw.pdf Annual Report for the Year 1953]'' (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1954), pp. 186-187 (PDF pp. 194-195) Following Hiss's HUAC testimony on August 5, Truman would read to the press a statement amplifying this order:
:"No information of any sort relating to the employee's loyalty, and no investigative data of any type, whether relating to loyalty or other aspects of the individual's record, shall be included in the material submitted [[#refTruman8.5.48|to a congressional committee]]."</ref>
Cut off from investigative data, Congress interviewed witnesses itself. Following up on testimony given by [[Elizabeth Bentley|Bentley]], on August 3, [[Whittaker Chambers]] finally was called upon to testify—not before the grand jury, but before the [[House Committee on Un-American Activities]]. He repeated under oath what he had been telling [[State Department]] security officials and the [[FBI]] about the [[Ware group]] for a decade:
{{cquote|I was a member of the Communist Party and a paid functionary of the party.... the apparatus to which I was attached…. was an underground organization of the United States Communist Party developed, to the best of my knowledge, by [[Harold Ware]]…. The head of the underground group at the time I knew it was [[Nathan Witt]]…. Later, [[John Abt]] became the leader. [[Lee Pressman]] was also a member of this group, as was Alger Hiss….The purpose of this group at that time was not primarily espionage. Its original purpose was the Communist infiltration of the American Government. But espionage was certainly one of its eventual objectives.<ref>[[#refHUAC48|HUAC 1948]]: 564 (PDF 74)</ref>}}
[[Image:HissSig.png|thumb|300px|right|The name “Alger Hiss” in Cyrillic (Элджер Хисс) from Vassiliev's notes on the “[[Gorsky memo]].” ''Source: [[#refVas|Cold War International History Project]], Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars'']]When Chambers testified against Hiss, wrote Sudoplatov, "we considered this to be a setback for [[GRU]] intelligence activities in the United States."<ref>[[#refSudoplatov95|Sudoplatov 1995]]: 228</ref> Four months later, [[Anatoly Gorsky]], chief of Soviet intelligence in the U.S. during World War II, would author an internal [[KI|Soviet secret police]] memorandum, entitled "[[Gorsky memo|Failures in the USA (1938-48)]]," listing 43 Soviet sources and intelligence officers likely to have been identified to U.S. authorities. Included on the list, under the heading, "'Karl’s' group," was "Alger Hiss, former employee of the State Dept."<ref>[[#refVasBlack|Vassiliev Black Notebook]]: Orig. 39; Trans. 77; cf. [[#refBLH05|Bachman, Leich, Haynes 2005]]; [[#refLowCher|Lowenthal, Chervonnaya 2005]]</ref> That same month, Piotr Fedotov and Konstantin Kukin, two other senior Soviet intelligence officials, [http://www.johnearlhaynes.org/page73.html reported] to the chairman of Soviet intelligence about “our former agents who were betrayed by Chambers ('''A. Hiss''', [[Donald Hiss|D. Hiss]], [[Julian Wadleigh|Wadleigh]], [[Ward Pigman|Pigman]], [[Vincent Reno|Reno]]).”<ref>[[#refVasBlack|Vassiliev Black Notebook]]: Orig. 37; Trans. 73; cf. [[#refSpies09|Haynes, Klehr, Vassiliev 2009]]: 553, 555</ref>

Two days after Chambers, Hiss testified, denying that he ever even knew Chambers, in a statement Secretary of State [[Dean Acheson]] helped write.<ref>[[#refWeinstein78|Weinstein 1978]]: 17</ref> Hiss "asked the committee to [http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/ftinterface~content=a789433344~fulltext=713240930 disregard the evidence] and follow its emotions":
{{cquote|it is ''inconceivable'' that there could have been on my part, during fifteen years or more in public office… any departure from the [http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,859675,00.html highest rectitude] without its [http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,811892,00.html being known]. It is ''inconceivable'' that the men with whom I was intimately associated during those fifteen years should not know my true character better than this accuser. It is ''inconceivable'' that… [etc.]<ref>[[#refHUAC48|HUAC 1948]]: 1162 (PDF 672)</ref> (Emphases Bagley's)<ref>[[#refBagley07|Bagley 2007]]: 274</ref>}}
The day of Hiss's testimony, President Truman finally reviewed Hiss's FBI file. Pronouncing Hiss “guilty as hell,” Truman told White House Special Counsel Samuel Rosenman, “We shouldn't just indict this son of a bitch. We should [[#refToledano97|hang him]].” Five minutes later, Truman blustered to a press conference that the Hiss case was just an election-year “[[#refTruman8.5.48|red]] [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,819396,00.html herring],”<ref>Alonzo L. Hamby, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=oyx3AAAAMAAJ Man of the People: A Life of Harry S. Truman]'' (Oxford University Press, 1998) ISBN 0195124979, p. 453; See also [https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/books-and-monographs/venona-soviet-espionage-and-the-american-response-1939-1957/22.gif (Harry S. Truman) to the Attorney General, 16 December 1948], Harry S. Truman Library, Tom Clark Papers, "Attorney General—White House/President, 1948," box 83, reproduced (as Document 22) at [[#refBW96|Benson, Warner 1996]]: 119</ref> a characterization he would repeat [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,893525,00.html as late as 1956]. When Rosenman later asked why he had lied, Truman explained, “You don't understand. The Republicans aren't after Alger Hiss. They're after me. I had to take the [[#refToledano97|political view]].”<ref>Truman "wasn't fronting for Alger Hiss, per se, he thought they were attacking him through Hiss... Mr. Truman figured that that was a fight on him, so he supported Hiss whom he didn't really like; thought he was a terrible fellow." [[#refTrohan1970|Trohan 1970]]: 14</ref> (That year, Truman told Secretary of Defense James Forrestal there were "[[#refNovak03|too many unknowns]]" in the partially decoded Venona messages,<ref>[[#refSchecter02|Schecter 2002]]: 148</ref> saying, "Even if part of this is true, [[#refRusher04|it would open up the whole red panic again]].")<ref>The next year, Forrestal would be found dead from a fall from the tower of Bethesda Naval Hospital. Admiral M.D. Willcutts, [http://www.princeton.edu/~mudd/finding_aids/willcutts/report1.pdf Report on the Death of James V. Forrestal] (Seeley G. Mudd Manuscript Library, Princeton University), PDF p. 22; [http://jamesforrestal.ariwatch.com/WillcuttsReport.htm#Page0 HTML version].</ref> In her [http://www.nps.gov/archive/elro/who-is-er/q-and-a/q24.htm newspaper column], [[Eleanor Roosevelt]] set the tone of respectable opinion, writing, "Smearing good people like [[Lauchlin Currie]], Alger Hiss and others is, I think, unforgiveable.... Anyone knowing either Mr. Currie or Mr. Hiss, who are the two people whom I happen to know fairly well, would not need any denial on their part to know they are not Communists. Their records prove it."<ref>[[#refER48|Eleanor Roosevelt 1948]]. Currie was an [[NKVD]] agent in the [[White House]], code-named "PAZh/Page." [[#refNSA05|Hanyok 2005]]: 118-119 (PDF 123-124), n. 185; [[#refHK99|Haynes, Klehr 1999]]: 146; [[Gorsky memo]] ([[#refVasBlack|Vassiliev Black Notebook]]: Orig. 39; Trans. 77. Cf. [[#refBLH05|Bachman, Leich, Haynes 2005]]; [[#refLowCher|Lowenthal, Chervonnaya 2005]])</ref>

When Hiss testified, most of those watching, including members of the press, appeared to be on Hiss's side, even giving him [http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/terrorists_spies/spies/hiss/3.html a round of applause] when he finished. So strong was Hiss's denial that the committee wanted to drop the investigation.<ref>[http://www.usembassy.ru/files/All%20the%20President's%20Men.pdf American Values through Film] (English Language Office, Public Affairs section, U.S. Embassy, Moscow), p. 81 (PDF p. 82)</ref> But one member, freshman Congressman [[Richard M. Nixon]] (R-Calif.) insisted that either [[#refLinder03|Chambers or Hiss was lying]] about whether they had known one another; he asked the committee to appoint him [http://www.departments.dsu.edu/LIBRARY/archive/unamerican.htm to head a subcommittee] to find out which one.<ref>[[#refWeinstein78|Weinstein 1978]]: 15-16</ref> The Truman administration fixed its sights, not on Hiss, but on Chambers, Truman aide George Elsie advising White House Counsel [http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/un/large/general_assembly/general_assembly3-1.jpg Clark Clifford] on August 16, "Justice should make every effort to ascertain if Whittaker Chambers is guilty of perjury."<ref>[[#refBW96|Benson, Warner 1996]]: 117</ref> No suggestion was made that Justice make any effort at all to ascertain if ''Hiss'' might be guilty of perjury.

The Hiss forces launched a "frightful campaign of vilification"<ref>Hilton Kramer, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=yPZ3AAAAMAAJ The Twilight of the Intellectuals: Culture and Politics in the Era of the Cold War]'' (I.R. Dee, 1999) ISBN 1566632226, p. 6</ref> against [[Whittaker Chambers|Chambers]], a whispering campaign of lies and innuendos. Many editorialists and columnists violently attacked him and defended Hiss.<ref>James Keogh, ''[http://ia700300.us.archive.org/0/items/thisisnixon017711mbp/thisisnixon017711mbp.pdf This Is Nixon]'' (New York: GP Putnam's Sons, 1956) ASIN B000MXH0XA, p. 40</ref>

Nixon brought Hiss face-to-face with his accuser on August 25. "Hiss stoutly continued to deny the charge," reported ''Time'', but "it was clear to everyone" that he and Chambers "had known each other quite well in the mid-'30s." The magazine added that Hiss's "favorite phrase, as he fenced tediously with the committee, was: 'To the best of my recollection.' He used it and similar phrases [http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,779940,00.html 198 times]." Chambers [[#refWhalen48|offered to take]] a lie-detector test; [http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,799060,00.html Hiss refused]—a refusal he kept up for the rest of his life.

Trying to explain Chambers' charges, Hiss suggested that his accuser was crazy, asking, "is he a man of consistent reliability, truthfulness and honor?... Indeed, is he a man of sanity?"<ref>[[#refHUAC48|HUAC 1948]]: 1164 (PDF 674)</ref> He demanded that the committee ask his accuser if he had ever been treated for a mental illness. The committee obliged, and Chambers answered: "[http://www.thenation.com/article/case-alger-hiss I have not, period]." On the White House memo advising that Chambers be investigated for perjury was inserted a handwritten line: "Investigation of Chambers' [https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/books-and-monographs/venona-soviet-espionage-and-the-american-response-1939-1957/21.gif/image.gif confinement in mental institution]."<ref>[[#refBW96|Benson, Warner 1996]]: 117.</ref> (Again, no suggestion was made that Hiss's mental health history might be subject to investigation.) The FBI had already checked into this, and [[J. Edgar Hoover|Hoover]] had reported to [[Attorney General]] [[Tom Clark]], "With regard to [[Whittaker Chambers]], there is nothing indicated in the files of the [[FBI|Bureau]], or in the files of the New York office that Chambers has been institutionalized."<ref>[[#refEvans07|Evans 2007]]: 322</ref> In falling for the fiction that Chambers had been committed to an insane asylum, the Truman administration was "taken in by disinformation being spread by the American Communist party and Alger Hiss's partisans."<ref>[[#refHK99|Haynes, Klehr 1999]]: 15</ref>

In an act of supreme hubris, Hiss [[#refWard88|dared]] Chambers to repeat his charges outside of the immunity afforded in congressional hearings, so Hiss could sue him, taunting, "and I hope you will do it [[#refHUAC8-17-48|damned quickly]]." Just two days after their public testimony,<ref>Stephen D. Easton, ed., ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=BwtJgD-stVIC The Irving Younger Collection: Wisdom and Wit from the Master of Trial Advocacy]'' (American Bar Association, 2010) ISBN 1604426004, p. 533</ref> Chambers called Hiss's bluff on NBC's ''Meet the Press,'' saying, "[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/17982730/page/5/ Alger Hiss was a Communist] and may be now."

Embarrassment mounted among Hiss partisans as weeks dragged by with no suit filed.<ref>[[#refHK06|Haynes, Klehr 2006]]: 103</ref> The New York ''Daily News'' asked, "Well Alger, where's that suit?"<ref>[[#refChambers52|Chambers 1952]]: 281. Cf. Lloyd Chiasson, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=LBC1QaeWyDAC The press on trial: crimes and trials as media events]'' (ABC-CLIO, 1997) ISBN 0275959368, p. 137</ref> Even the ''Washington Post''—"the most implacable of the pro-Hiss newspapers," according to Chambers<ref>[[#refChambers52|Chambers 1952]]: 710. "The ''Post''... seemed to redouble its pro-Hiss efforts as the goal of finding him legally guiltless was receding." Marvin N. Olasky, "[http://www.eric.ed.gov/PDFS/ED285187.pdf Liberal Boosterism and Conservative Distancing: Newspaper Coverage of the Chambers-Hiss Affair, 1948-1950]," Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication (70th, San Antonio, TX, August 1–4, 1987), p. 13</ref>—began to have doubts,<ref>[[#refWeinstein78|Weinstein 1978]]: 162</ref> writing:
{{cquote|As yet, no formal action to initiate a suit for slander has publicly been taken by Mr. Hiss ... Mr. Hiss himself has created a situation in which he is obliged to put up or shut up ... Mr. Hiss has left himself no alternative. And each day of delay in making it known that he will avail himself of the opportunity Mr. Chambers has accorded him does incalculable damage to his reputation.<ref>Chalmers McGeagh Roberts, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=SRhlAAAAMAAJ The Washington post: the first 100 years]'' (Houghton Mifflin, 1977) ISBN 0395258545, p. 277</ref>}}

Finally, [[#refChronology|after a month]], Hiss filed his long-threatened slander suit against Chambers.

==Hiss's suit against Chambers==
===The Baltimore Documents===
In a pre-trial "discovery" deposition for the suit, Hiss's attorney William L. Marbury asked Chambers if he had "any correspondence, either typewritten or in handwriting" from Hiss—"one of the most disastrous questions ever asked at a deposition."<ref>[[#refBerresford92|Berresford 1992]]: 98</ref> Marbury "never expected ([[#refLindPump|nor would he have asked]] for, had he known) the response that he received." Chambers retrieved [http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/hiss/envelope.jpg the packet] he had given his wife's nephew in 1938, which had been hidden [[#refTime12.20.48|in a dumbwaiter shaft]]. Three days later, Chambers turned over to Hiss's attorneys 65 pages of typewritten documents and [http://images.google.com/images?hl=en&source=hp&q=source%3Alife%20%22pumpkin%20papers%22&um=1&ie=UTF-8&sa=N&tab=wi handwritten memoranda], some so sensitive that for security reasons they could [[#refHissAppellate|not safely be made public]], though already a decade old. Chambers' attorney introduced the documents:
{{cquote|Let's identify these papers by reading the first and last words of each one into the record... 'Tokyo... February 12, KENNEDY.' 'Paris... February 15, 1938... Secretary of State... Signed BULLITT.' 'Vienna... February 13, 1938... Secretary of State... Signed WILEY.' 'Rome... March 29... The Embassy learns... Signed PHILLIPS.' 'Warsaw... March 29... I learn following in strictest confidence... Signed BIDDLE.'<ref>[[#refTL50|de Toledano, Lasky 1950]]: 214-215</ref>}}
Hiss conceded that the typed pages appeared to be copies of authentic State Department documents, and admitted that all but one of the handwritten memos appeared to be in his handwriting.<ref>FBI "By Special Messenger": SAC, Washington Field to Hoover, December 1, 1948 (FBI file: Hiss-Chambers, Vol. 1) The FBI laboratory determined that the remaining [http://www.life.com/image/72404528 handwritten memorandum] supplied by Chambers was [http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/FBI_Memorandum_identifying_Harry_Dexter_White_as_agent_Jurist in the handwriting] of [[Harry Dexter White]], just as [https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=888&dat=19491129&id=CocNAAAAIBAJ&sjid=KE4DAAAAIBAJ&pg=3777,2653357 Chambers testified].</ref> Among the documents confirmed by Hiss's own documents experts to be in his handwriting (contradicting [[#refNYRB2|his denial]]) was a [http://www.documentstalk.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/bdocs_hiss_note_to_martin.jpg summary of a telegram]<ref>This image is hosted on DocumentsTalk.com, a Web site "underwritten, [http://www.washingtondecoded.com/site/2009/06/in-denial-round-11.html perhaps entirely], by THE NATION INSTITUTE," which is [[#refDTN:OSI|in turn funded]] by [[George Soros]].</ref> that Chambers had [[#refNYRB|quoted almost verbatim]] in an article he gave Herbert Solow in 1938.

Assistant U.S. Attorney Thomas J. Donegan told the FBI that Assistant Attorney General Alexander M. Campbell, head of the Criminal Division at Truman Justice, “now wants to institute perjury charges against Chambers” for not revealing the documents before this. FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover's handwritten addendum comments, “I wonder why they don't move against Hiss also.”<ref>FBI memorandum: Ladd to Hoover, November 23, 1948 (FBI file: Hiss-Chambers, Vol. 1)</ref> The Truman administration's determination to indict Chambers rather than Hiss was unusual, as two leading scholars of the case note:
{{cquote|Usually … when a witness gives false testimony and then later comes forward and provides a truthful account, no perjury charge is brought. To charge perjury … in such a case would be a disincentive for a witness to provide a subsequent truthful account…. [A] perjury count is rarely brought if a witness corrects false testimony in a timely fashion…. Chambers corrected his false sworn testimony within two months of his grand jury testimony ... and his false testimony had not produced any miscarriage of justice.<ref>[[#refHK06|Haynes, Klehr 2006]]: 108</ref>}}

===The Pumpkin Papers===
[[Image:09905 2004 001 a.jpg|thumb|300px|right|One of the 'pumpkin papers,' marked 'STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL FOR THE SECRETARY.' Bullitt relates to Hull report of Litvinov's private comments on Soviet intentions regarding war with Japan, 1938. ''Image courtesy [https://www.docsteach.org/documents/document/telegram-from-ambassador-william-c-bullitt-regarding-the-sinojapanese-war National Archives and Records Administration]'']]Hoping that they would lead to an indictment of Chambers,<ref>"Hiss had his attorney William Marbury surrender the papers to the U.S. Department of Justice.... Hiss hoped that Justice would indict Chambers." David Chambers, [http://www.whittakerchambers.org/pumpkinpapers.html Pumpkin Papers], whittakerchambers.org</ref> Hiss turned over the documents to the [[Harry Truman|Truman]] [[Justice Department]], which immediately impounded and sequestered them. [[HUAC]] requested copies, but Truman stonewalled. On December 1, the United Press reported, "the Justice Department is about ready to drop its investigation of the celebrated Alger Hiss-Whittaker Chambers controversy."<ref>Committee on Un-American Activities, House of Representatives, United States Congress, [https://books.google.com/books?id=QhcWAAAAIAAJ Soviet Espionage within the United States Government: Hearings Pursuant to Public Law 601 (Section 121, Subsection Q (2))], December 31, 1948 (Washington: United States Government Printing Office, 1949), p. 4. Cf. [[#refTL50|Toledano Lasky]]: 216</ref> The Truman administration may have thought it was done with Hiss, but it wasn't quite finished with Chambers. The next day, an FBI memo reiterated that Justice wanted "an immediate investigation by the Bureau to determine whether Chambers committed perjury."<ref>[[#refEvans07|Evans 2007]]: 322</ref> Hoover penned, "I can't understand why such effort is being made to indict Chambers to the exclusion of Hiss."<ref>FBI memorandum: Fletcher to Ladd, December 2, 1948 (FBI file: Hiss-Chambers, Vol. 2)</ref>

Meanwhile, rebuffed in his attempts to see the documents, [[Richard Nixon|Nixon]] asked Chambers on December 1 whether he had any other such material in his possession. The answer was yes. The next day, in response to a subpoena, Chambers led HUAC chief investigator Robert Stripling on his Maryland farm to a [http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/hiss/pumpkin.jpg pumpkin he had hollowed out] the night before and in which he had secreted [[#refTime75|five rolls]] (two developed strips and three undeveloped rolls, one of which later proved to have been [[#refHissAppellate|light struck]]) of [[#refTime75|35 millimeter film]]. The film included fifty-eight frames, mostly photos of State and Navy Department documents, dated January 5 through April 1, 1938 (the so-called "Pumpkin Papers").<ref>National Archives and Records Administration, [https://www.archives.gov/research/guide-fed-records/groups/060.html General Records of the Department of Justice (Record Group 60) 1790-1989, 1991]: 60.3.5 Miscellaneous records: Microfilm copy of evidence ("Pumpkin Papers") used in U.S. v. Alger Hiss, 1948-51 (5 rolls). Microfilm Publications: M1491. Photographs (263 images: Documents reproduced from the "Pumpkin Papers," and used in U.S. v. Alger Hiss, 1948-51)</ref> The State Department documents dealt with a [http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/hiss/ppboyce.jpg wide] [http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/hiss/pphissnote.jpg variety] of [http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/hiss/pplockhart.jpg subjects], including [[#refLindPump|U.S. intentions with respect to the Soviet Union]], the Spanish Civil War, and Germany's takeover of Austria. Some of the documents on the film were [[#refNYRB|initialed by Hiss and came from his office]]. Some were of a [http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/terrorists_spies/spies/hiss/7.html highly sensitive, classified nature]. Some State Department cables bearing Hiss's handwritten initials had direct bearing on matters of major Soviet interest, including Chinese Communist strategy during the war with Japan and Chinese-Soviet relations.<ref>[[#refHK06|Haynes, Klehr 2006]]: 116</ref>

According to Chambers, some of the microfilm was made by a contact he knew only as "Felix," who would photograph documents with a Leica purchased by the Communist underground. For such work, said Chambers, Felix had been trained in Moscow, where he traveled on a forged U.S. passport. In 1949 Chambers would lead FBI investigators to the Baltimore block on which he thought Felix had lived in the 1930s. The Bureau discovered that a Felix Inslerman had lived on the block, later moving to Schenectady, N.Y., where he worked on a secret guided-missile project, in 1946 becoming one of the few civilians to attend the atomic tests at Bikini.

Both before the grand jury and in the second Hiss trial, Inslerman would refuse to answer questions on grounds of potential self-incrimination. But in Inslerman's Schenectady home, the FBI found a Leica whose imperfections matched the scratch marks on Chambers' famed pumpkin film. In 1954, Inslerman would corroborate Chambers' story [http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,819479,00.html under oath]. He would later turn up on the "[[Gorsky memo]]" (code-named 107th), as would another photographer identified by Chambers, "David Carpenter" (David Zimmerman),<ref>[[#refHaynes08|Vassiliev Concordance]]: 28</ref> code-named 103rd.<ref>[[#refVasBlack|Vassiliev Black Notebook]]: Orig. 39; Trans. 77</ref> Recently released files reveal that the third photographer identified by Chambers,<ref>[[#refBerle|Berle memo]]</ref> ex-[[GRU]] agent<ref>[[#refHK99|Haynes, Klehr 1999]]: 166</ref> William Edward Crane [[#refNYRB|admitted to the FBI]] that he photographed documents from the Treasury and State Department for Chambers in Baltimore.<ref>[[#refVasBlack|Vassiliev Black Notebook]]: Orig, 39; Trans. 77 (cf. [[#refBLH05|Bachman, Leich, Haynes 2005]]; [[#refLowCher|Lowenthal, Chervonnaya 2005]]); [[#refSpies09|Haynes, Klehr, Vassiliev 2009]]: 30</ref>

==Grand jury==
The Truman administration demanded that HUAC turn over the film, but Nixon refused. He allowed Justice Department officials to view the film, and gave them copies, but would not surrender the film until Justice supplied HUAC with copies of the sequestered Baltimore documents. With no other option, Truman Justice finally called Chambers to testify before a hastily-reconvened [[#refBentleyGJ|grand jury]] on December 6—more than 16 months after it had originally convened. That day, Hiss's attorney Edward McLean gave the defense's documents examiner, J. Howard Haring, a batch of old Hiss family letters that Hiss had given him the previous September, two months before Chambers produced the documents. Immediately identifying the typeface as that of a [http://www.whittakerchambers.org/images/woodstocktypewriterno5_300dpi250x200pxl.png Woodstock typewriter], Haring reported that one of Mrs. Hiss's 1933 letters "was typed on the same machine as the Chambers documents." McLean informed the Hisses of this finding the same day. The next day, according to another of Hiss's lawyers, John F. Davis: "Alger ... asked [me to] check on an old machine which he remembers he gave to Pat, the son of Claudia Catlett...." Yet Hiss swore under oath that he remembered neither the make nor disposition [[#refNYRB|of the typewriter]]. While the FBI was off on a wild-goose chase searching used-typewriter stores, on the basis of false information furnished by Hiss,<ref>John J. Danahy, "The Alger Hiss Case," Society of Former Special Agents of the FBI, 2nd Ed. (Turner Publishing Company, 1998) ISBN 1563114739, p. 74</ref> his brother Donald tracked down the Catletts and retrieved the typewriter.

Hiss would later change his story, testifying that he gave the typewriter to the Catletts in 1937, before the date of the documents produced by Chambers. Pat Catlett, however, would tell defense lawyers that Hiss gave the Catletts the typewriter in the [[#refHissAppellate|spring of 1938]], just after the dates of the documents.

On December 13, the FBI independently located specimens of Priscilla Hiss's typing from the 1930s. The FBI laboratory concluded, like Haring, that all the papers in question had been typed on the same typewriter, [[#refNYRB|a Woodstock]].

Another defense expert, Harry E. Cassidy, concluded that Priscilla Hiss not only typed the Chambers documents, but wrote all the handwritten corrections on the typed documents. Asked by Hiss's attorneys whether it was more likely that Hiss or Chambers had written these corrections, Haring responded: "I am inclined to the opinion that the AH [Alger Hiss] corrections more closely resemble the QUESTIONED writing, than do the writings of WC [Whittaker Chambers]." A third defense expert, Edwin Fearon, agreed, reporting to the Hiss lawyers: "The corrections appearing in Exhibits 5-47 inclusive (exception—Exhibit 10) bear a closer resemblence [sic] to the handwritten corrections made by AH than to those made by WC." Fearon added that all but one of the documents were "[[#refNYRB2|typed on Woodstock typewriter no.N230099]]"—the Hiss's machine.

On December 15, Alger Hiss proposed to the grand jury a theory that someone (perhaps Chambers)<ref>[[#refWeinstein78|Weinstein 1978]]: 270</ref> had sneaked into the State Department and stolen the documents from his desk<ref>[[#refWeinstein78|Weinstein 1978]]: 178, 253, 257, 299, 397</ref> then, having somehow obtained access to Hiss's typewriter,<ref>[[#refWeinstein78|Weinstein 1978]]: 298, 300</ref> typed some of the documents on it<ref>[[#refWeinstein78|Weinstein 1978]]: 281, 298</ref> and microfilmed others, and then sneaked back into the State Department and replaced the originals,<ref>[[#refWeinstein78|Weinstein 1978]]: 254</ref> all in an elaborate plot to frame Hiss<ref>[[#refWeinstein78|Weinstein 1978]]: 299</ref> a decade later.<ref>[[#refWeinstein78|Weinstein 1978]]: p. 281</ref> Even Hiss admitted that his theory was "fantastic,"<ref>[[#refWeinstein78|Weinstein 1978]]: 299</ref> stating, "Until the day I die, I shall wonder how Whittaker Chambers got into my house to use my typewriter," a statement provoking outright laughter among jurors.<ref>[[#refWeinstein78|Weinstein 1978]]: 300</ref>

That day, [[#refChronology|Hiss testified]] that he never gave any documents to Whittaker Chambers, and that he had no contact with Chambers after January 1, 1937. The same day, the grand jury indicted Hiss on [[#refBentleyGJ|two counts of perjury]], charging that he [[#refLinder03|lied under oath]] in both these statements. Because the five-year statute of limitations [[#refLinder03|had expired]], the grand jury could not consider espionage charges.

Just as Chambers had gained the upper hand by voluntarily waiving immunity from slander, the influential<ref>Lippmann has been called “the most influential journalist in American history.” Jacqueline Foertsch, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=mao9DJoAlhAC American Culture in the 1940s]'' (Edinburgh University Press, 2008) ISBN 0748624139, p. 56</ref> columnist Walter Lippmann, a [[Socialist]]<ref>"Joined the Harvard Socialist Club and later became president... Elected to Executive Committee, [https://books.google.com/books?id=2v9aAAAAMAAJ Intercollegiate Socialist Society]... Joined [http://microformguides.gale.com/Data/Download/9034000C.rtf the Socialist Party], New York County, and the Socialist Press Club of New York City." In the midst of the [[Nazi-Soviet Pact]], "WJL" (Walter J. Lippmann) wrote to "ECC" (Edward C. Carter, head of the [[Attorney General's list|Communist-front]] "[[American Russian Institute]]" and [[Institute of Pacific Relations]]—"a vehicle used by the Communists to orientate American far eastern policies toward Communist objectives," according to the [[Senate Judiciary Committee]] {[[#refIPR52|S. Rept. 2050]]: 225 [PDF 233]}), urging "cooperation with the European revolutionaries and the Soviet Union in their attempt to build a socialist Europe as a nucleus for a world socialist order, with the obvious corollary of the establishment of socialism in this country." Walter Lippmann to Edward C. Carter, June 10, 1940, p. 5 (PDF p. 100), FBI file: [http://www.education-research.org/PDFs/IPR54.11.pdf Institute of Pacific Relations, Section 54, Part 11], pp. 96-101.</ref> and [[#refVenona1289|Soviet intelligence source]],<ref>According to Eric Alterman, a [http://www.thenation.com/directory/bios/eric_alterman columnist] and [http://www.thenation.com/blogs/altercation blogger] for ''The Nation'', Lippmann "offered much more [http://www.prospect.org/cs/articles?article=stone_cold_untruths useful information to the Soviets] than [[#refHKV5.09|Stone]] ever did."</ref> (whose secretary, [[Mary Price]], was a [http://www.nsa.gov/public_info/_files/venona/1943/8jun_dir_courier.pdf Soviet agent])<ref>[http://www.nsa.gov/public_info/_files/venona/1944/29apr_recruits.pdf 588 New York to Moscow, 29 April 1944]; cf. [http://ia700308.us.archive.org/16/items/instituteofpacif02unit/instituteofpacif02unit_bw.pdf Institute of Pacific Relations Hearings, Part 2], Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws, Committee on the Judiciary, United States Senate, 82d Cong., 1st Sess. (Washington: United States Government Printing Office, 1951), p. 406 (PDF p. 62); [[#refRomerstein01|Romerstein, Breindel 2001]]: 439 and [[#refHK99|Haynes, Klehr 1999]]: 99</ref> suggested that Hiss turn the tables by waiving the statute of limitations on espionage. Hiss never took him up on that suggestion.<ref>[[#refWeinstein78|Weinstein 1978]]: 384</ref>

==The Trials==
[[Image:Alger Hiss testifies.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Alger Hiss testifies in 1950]]
On May 31, 1949, Alger [[#refTruChron|Hiss went on trial]] for perjury in New York City. At trial, Hiss provided an all-star cast of character witnesses, including such notables as [http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=S000890 Adlai Stevenson], Justice [[Felix Frankfurter]], and former Democratic presidential candidate [http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=D000121 John W. Davis], fresh from his [http://americanhistory.si.edu/brown/history/5-decision/defenders.html defeated defense of segregation] in ''Brown v. Board of Education''. However, both Under Secretary Welles and Sayre testified that delivering the classified documents to a foreign power would enable them to break America's most secret codes.<ref>Mr. Welles. All of these messages, Mr. Stripling, originally were sent in code and undoubtedly those marked "strictly confidential" or "strictly confidential, for the Secretary," would presumably be sent in one of the most secret codes then in our possession. Mr. Stripling. Would the possession of the document as written, along with the original document as it appeared in code, furnish an individual with the necessary information to break the code? Mr. Welles. In my judgment, decidedly yes. ([[#refHUAC48.2|HUAC 1948, Part 2]]: 1388 [PDF 16]) SAYRE: [T]hey didn't have these highly confidential codes; and for these telegrams to get out at the time they did meant that other governments could crack our codes. [[#refHUAC48-2R|HUAC 1948, 2nd Rept.]], p. 6; cf. C.P. Trussel, "[http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F50A11F83D5B157A93CAA91789D95F4C8485F9&scp=1&sq=Spy%20Papers%20Show%20U.S.%20Codes%20Were%20Broken,%20Official%20Says&st=cse Spy Papers Show U.S. Codes Were Broken, Official Says]," ''The New York Times'', December 8, 1948; [[#refTL50|de Toledano, Lasky 1950]]: 221-223; [[#refWeinstein78|Weinstein 1978]]: 232</ref>

At Hiss’ first perjury trial, Hornbeck testified that an unnamed friend had warned him that Hiss was a Communist [[fellow traveller]], but he disregarded the warning.<ref>[[#refTL50|de Toledano, Lasky 1950]]: 235</ref> At the second trial, Hornbeck testified that on at least two occasions he was warned that Hiss was a Communist, and named Bullitt as his source.<ref>[[#refTL50|de Toledano, Lasky 1950]]: 258-259</ref> [[John Foster Dulles]], who had recommended Hiss for the Carnegie Endowment, likewise testified at that trial that various people had warned him that [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,806501-1,00.html Hiss was a Communist].<ref>Among those who had warned Dulles of Hiss's Communist record were Alfred Kohlberg, a former member of the [[Institute of Pacific Relations]] (where Hiss was a trustee) and attorney Larry S. Davidow. [[#refTL50|de Toledano, Lasky 1950]]: 114</ref>

The prosecution called [[Hede Massing]], but at the first trial Judge Samuel H. Kaufman ruled that her testimony was irrelevant. At the second trial, Judge Henry W. Goddard allowed her to testify about [http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,855041,00.html Hiss's 1935 attempt] to get [[Noel Field]] to transfer from her [[OGPU]] group to Hiss's [[GRU]] group. To avoid testifying, Field [[#refTanenhaus93|fled to the East bloc]].

Hiss’ attorney conceded that the stolen documents had been copied on Hiss's Woodstock, telling the jury the question was not “what typewriter was used, but who the typist was.”<ref>Steven M. Chermak, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=FPRslbPnMjwC Crimes and Trials of the Century: From the Black Sox Scandal to the Attica Prison Riots]'' (Greenwood Publishing Group, 2007) ISBN 0313341109, p. 184</ref>

The defense reverted to Hiss's original "insanity defense" (to wit, that ''Chambers'' was insane), calling a psychiatrist, Dr. Carl Binger, who attempted to psychoanalyze Chambers without interviewing him, testifying that “Mr. Chambers is suffering from a condition known as a psychopathic personality.”<ref>Edward W. Knappman, ed., ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=mLP8D2Od2SkC Great American Trials: 201 Compelling Courtroom Dramas]'' (Detroit: Visible Ink Press, 1994) ISBN 1578591996, p. 444. Ironically, the standard work on psychopathic personality, the landmark ''[http://www.cassiopaea.org/cass/sanity_1.PdF The Mask of Sanity: An Attempt to Clarify Some Issues About the So-Called Psychopathic Personality]'' (St. Louis, Mo.: CV Mosby Co., 1941) by Hervey Cleckley (coauthor of ''The Three Faces of Eve''), identifies the psychopathic personality as possessing superficial charm and good intelligence, absence of delusions and other signs of irrational thinking, absence of nervousness or psychoneurotic manifestations, lack of remorse and shame, etc. (See pp. 338-339 [PDF 353-354])—characteristics far more descriptive of Hiss than Chambers. "I never liked him. I knew him..." said Ambassador James Cowles Hart Bonbright. "There was something about Alger that didn't ring true. He was young and attractive, he wrote well, but he just didn't seem trustworthy." Peter Jessup, [http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/D?mfdip:6:./temp/~ammem_YVYl:: Interview with James Cowles Hart Bonbright], Foreign Affairs Oral History Collection, Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training, February 26, 1986</ref> So thoroughly did his testimony collapse under scrutiny that the prosecutor’s [http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/hiss/hisstrialtranscripts.html cross examination] of Binger has been used as a model<ref>[[#refBerresford92|Berresford 1992]]: 105, n. 83</ref> to teach generations of law students.<ref>Gilbert Geis and Leigh B. Bienen, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=xdbQMywnrdwC Crimes of the Century: From Leopold and Loeb to O.J. Simpson]'' (Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1998) ISBN 1555533604, p. 151</ref>

Among the symptoms of psychopathic personality, Binger mentioned “abnormal sexuality.” An important part of the Hiss defense strategy was to exploit Chambers’ sexual orientation in order to portray him as mentally ill and therefore not a credible witness: Hiss himself dictated for the record a rumor that Chambers had been treated in 1938 “for gonorrhea, frigidity, shock, and persecution complex.”<ref>Timothy Naftali, “[https://web.archive.org/web/20100604144844/http://www.nyu.edu/library/bobst/research/tam/hiss_timothy_naftali.pdf Alger Hiss and the Chambers’ Secrets],” Alger Hiss and History, Inaugural Conference, April 5, 2007 (New York University, Center for the United States and the Cold War), p. 6</ref> Writing in [http://www.ox.ac.uk/ Oxford University]'s ''[http://www.oxonianreview.org/wp/ Oxonian Review]'', professed "liberal" Daniel Hemel sums up:
{{cquote|[W]hat is striking about the Hiss trial is not that the prosecution engaged in shameless red-baiting (it did not), but that Hiss’s defense team engaged in shameless gay-baiting. Unable to discredit Chambers based on the facts of the case, Hiss’s lawyers (with the defendant’s encouragement) sought to smear Chambers based on the fact that he was bisexual. Fortunately, the jurors in the Hiss case were not as horrifyingly homophobic as Hiss and his attorneys. In retrospect, if either side of the trial engaged in egregious behaviour, it was the defense—[http://www.oxonianreview.org/wp/who-killed-alger-hiss/ not the prosecution].}}

Hiss's friend and former colleague, Charles Wyzanski, Senior District Judge of the U.S. District Court in Boston, testified in both trials in defense of Hiss. Wyzanski, who "''initially'' had supposed [Hiss] innocent," (Italics in original) later concluded that "[http://writing.upenn.edu/~afilreis/50s/newby-sacvan.html Hiss was guilty]," as did Hiss's own attorney, William L. Marbury.

== Conviction ==
[[Image:Hiss_in_cuffs.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Convicted, a handcuffed Hiss leaves courtroom for prison. ''Source:'' [http://images.google.com/hosted/life/f?imgurl=5e12f4a1722b109b Life ''magazine]'']]On [[#refTruChron|June 8, 1949]], the jurors voted eight to four for conviction,<ref>James Bell, "[https://books.google.com/books?id=6VEEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA37#v=onepage&q&f=false Eight Out of 12 Vote Hiss Guilty]," ''Life'', July 8, 1949, p. 37</ref> resulting in a hung jury in Hiss's first trial. The second trial began on [[#refTruChron|November 17, 1949]]. On [[#refBentleyGJ|January 21, 1950]], the jury took [http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,856471,00.html less than 24 hours] to return a [https://www.nytimes.com/books/97/03/09/reviews/chambers-guilty.html unanimous verdict]: [[#refHissAppellate|Guilty on both counts]]. In his pre-sentencing statement, Hiss said, "I am confident that in the future the full facts showing how Whittaker Chambers was able to carry out [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,822033,00.html forgery by typewriter] will be developed." (Concerning the four handwritten documents Hiss had admitted were in his own handwriting, he was silent.) A [[KGB]] memo notes that [[GRU]] agent “Leonard”, identified as “chief of one of the main divisions in the [[State Department]] and a member of 'Karl's' ([[Whittaker Chambers|Chambers]]')<ref>[[#refVasBlack|Vassiliev Black Notebook]]: Orig. 39; Trans. 77; cf. [[#refBLH05|Bachman, Leich, Haynes 2005]]; [[#refLowCher|Lowenthal, Chervonnaya 2005]]</ref> group,” was convicted “at the beginning of 1950.”<ref>[[#refSpies09|Haynes, Klehr, Vassiliev 2009]]: 30</ref> The only senior American diplomat convicted of an espionage-related crime in 1950 [[#refTLS09|was Alger Hiss]], whom Gorsky had [[Gorsky memo|identified as "Leonard"]] in 1948.<ref>[[#refVasBlack|Vassiliev Black Notebook]]: Orig. 39; Trans. 77; cf. [[#refBLH05|Bachman, Leich, Haynes 2005]]; [[#refLowCher|Lowenthal, Chervonnaya 2005]]</ref>

Hiss was sentenced to two concurrent five-year terms in [http://www.orwelltoday.com/hisscuffs2.jpg federal prison]. Secretary of State Dean Acheson provoked outrage by commenting, "Whatever the outcome of any appeal which Mr. Hiss or his lawyer may take, I do not intend to turn my back on Alger Hiss."<ref>While Acheson defended this statement in public, privately he admitted "it was not one of the smartest things that I ever did in my life." Horace G. Torbert, [http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/D?mfdip:16:./temp/~ammem_JLez:: Interview with Jack K. McFall], Foreign Affairs Oral History Collection, Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training, May 9, 1988</ref> Eleanor Roosevelt added to the furor with her comment, "It seems rather horrible to condemn someone on the word of someone else who admits to guilt." ''Time'' magazine commented that she "obviously had not been paying much attention," being "unaware of, or [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,811795,00.html determined to ignore], the [[corroborating evidence]] introduced by the Government."

By that June, the U.S. Army was persuaded that [[#refMoyComA|Ales was Hiss]]. General of the Army Omar Bradley, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, informed President Truman that Venona had "positively identified" Hiss and [[Harry Dexter White]] as Soviet agents.<ref>[[#refSchecter02|Schecter 2002]]: 149</ref> According to Bradley, Truman said, "That G—D— stuff. Every time it bumps into us it gets bigger and bigger. It's likely to [[#refRusher04|take us down]]." So fearful of the implications was the President that [http://www.aim.org/aim-report/aim-report-media-wont-give-up-on-red-spy-alger-hiss-july-b/ Truman ordered the Venona documents destroyed]—an order that, fortunately for historians, was disobeyed.

Hiss appealed, but in December 1950 his [[#refMHSL|conviction was affirmed]] by the [[#refHissAppellate|U.S. Court of Appeals]]. The [[Supreme Court of the United States|Supreme Court]] twice denied him ''certiorari'',<ref>Asked if they had “one shred” of evidence to back their thesis in seeking a new trial, the Hiss lawyers answered, “No, your Honor.” Ralph de Toledano, "[http://www.mmisi.org/ma/22_04/toledano.pdf Towards a Higher Imperative]," ''Modern Age'', Fall 1978, p. 412 (PDF p. 1)</ref> and later denied his petition for a writ of error ''coram nobis'',<ref>The Supreme Court rejected Hiss's appeal three times, the [http://www.commentarymagazine.com/viewarticle.cfm/hiss--guilty-as-charged-8090 last time in 1983].</ref> orchestrated by<ref>Eric Breindel, "The Faithful Traitor," ''National Review'', February 10, 1997</ref> long-time Communist Party member<ref>Rabinowitz claimed to have joined the Party in 1942, adding "There was no formal act marking the end of the relationship.... though I continued to meet with party members to discuss both political and legal matters for many years thereafter." (Victor Rabinowitz, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=iMaVigHoraAC Unrepentant Leftist: A Lawyer's Memoir]'' [Champaign, Ill.: University of Illinois Press, 1996] ISBN 025202253X, pp. 73, 87). Rabinowitz' law partner (representing Cuba's Communist Castro regime) was [http://www.thepostemail.com/2009/09/26/declassified-fbi-report-exposes-communist-seedbed-for-obama-associates/ Leonard Boudin], [http://lawvibe.com/leftist-lawyer-victor-rabinowitz-passes-away-at-96/ father of convicted Weather Underground terrorist Kathy Boudin], whose son was [https://www.nytimes.com/2002/12/09/us/from-a-radical-background-a-rhodes-scholar-emerges.html?pagewanted=all adopted and raised] by self-proclaimed "communist" (Ron Chepesiuk, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=hqbM4eyLyx8C Sixties Radicals, Then and Now: Candid Conversations with Those Who Shaped the Era]'' [McFarland, 1995] ISBN 0899507786, p. 102) [[William Ayers]], political [https://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/04/us/politics/04ayers.html?pagewanted=all booster of Barack Obama].</ref> Victor Rabinowitz.

==Prison==
Hiss served 44 months of his five-year sentence in Lewisburg Federal Prison. There, his [[#refWard88|best friends]] were the gangsters, whom he later compared to prisoners of war in terms of solidarity, hierarchy and discipline.<ref>[[#refHiss89|Hiss 1989]]: 168</ref> Hiss even provided legal advice to his [[#refLH88|fellow inmate]], the notorious Mafia boss [https://www.nytimes.com/1988/05/12/books/books-of-the-times-alger-hiss-recalls-emotional-side-of-his-2-trials.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm Frank Costello].<ref>[[#refWhite04|White 2004]]: 90</ref> Hiss called the gangsters “the [http://homepages.nyu.edu/~th15/brower.html most stable group] in any prison” and “[http://ariannaonline.huffingtonpost.com/columns/printer_friendly.php?id=684 the healthiest inmates] of the prison” because they “had absolutely no sense of guilt.”<ref>Hiss to C. Vann Woodward, May 2, 1959, quoted in [[#refWeinstein78|Weinstein 1978]]: 581; [[#refWhite04|White 2004]]: 87-88</ref> Hiss admitted that he, too, never felt guilt about anything he had ever done<ref>[[#refRemnick86|Remnick 1986]]</ref> —as one Hiss biographer comments, “an [[#refCapshaw07|incredible statement]] from anyone.” Among Hiss's fellow prisoners was avowed Communist Maurice Braverman. According to [http://www.lewrockwell.com/dilorenzo/dilorenzo196.html leftist] historian Garry Wills:
{{cquote|[W]hen it came time for Hiss to be released, Braverman's lawyer said that the Party hoped he would have an eloquent statement to read when he came out the gate. Television cameras were bound to be there. Braverman asked Hiss what he meant to say; Hiss said he had not thought of making a statement. Braverman said he thought it would be a good idea. "What should I say?" Hiss asked, and Braverman composed his first draft for him. He behaved like one still serving the Party.<ref>Garry Wills, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=ByGIJIhocj0C Lead time: a journalist's education]'' (Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2004) ISBN 0618446907, p. 62</ref>}}

== Later life ==
Hiss was released in 1954. Disbarred, he became a salesman. Five years later, Alger and Priscilla Hiss separated.<ref>[[#refRicher04|Richer 2004]]: 309 (PDF 3)</ref> In 1956, surrounded by quite a bit of controversy, the [[American Whig-Cliosophic Society]] at [[Princeton University]] invited Hiss as a guest speaker.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=QBBbAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA8-PA31 Princeton Alumni Weekly, Volume 56], Princeton Alumni Weekly, 1955</ref>

In the late '60s, Hiss met Mrs. Isabel Dowden Johnson, a former [http://oasis.lib.harvard.edu/oasis/deliver/~sch00103 editor at ''The New York Times'' and ex-wife] of [https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0170660/bio the Communist]<ref>Cole, who titled his 1981 memoir ''Hollywood Red'', "remained a hardcore Communist" until his death in 1985. Ronald Radosh and Allis Radosh, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=J_BkAAAAMAAJ&pgis=1 Red Star Over Hollywood]'' (San Francisco: Encounter Books, 2005) ISBN 1893554961, p. 29; Cf. Kenneth Lloyd Billingsley, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=YWtZAAAAMAAJ&pgis=1 Hollywood Party: How Communism Seduced the American Film Industry in the 1930s and 1940s]'' (Rocklin, Calif: Prima Publishing, 1998) ISBN 0761513760, pp. 266-267</ref> screen writer Lester Cole, a member of the "Hollywood Ten." Priscilla reportedly had a breakdown, in which she said she was “tired of all the [[#refCapshaw07|lies and cover-ups]],” and complained that "Alger was willing to [http://archive.frontpagemag.com/readArticle.aspx?ARTID=28202 sacrifice us all] on the altar of his vindication." Following Priscilla's death in 1984, [https://www.nytimes.com/2000/05/07/nyregion/isabel-j-hiss-91-widow-of-alger-hiss.html Alger and Isabel married].

As a result of his role in the Hiss case, [[Richard Nixon|Nixon]] had been elected to the [[Senate]] in 1950; two years later [[GOP]] Presidential Candidate [[Dwight Eisenhower]] made him his running mate. Unable to forgive Nixon for his part in nailing Hiss,<ref>Klaus P. Fischer, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=sCXig_6abwkC America in White, Black, and Gray: The Stormy 1960s]'' (Continuum International Publishing Group, 2006) ISBN 0826418163, p. 240</ref> the establishment launched an [http://stonezone.com/article.php?id=131 unprecedented liberal media attack] against him. That year, [[Whittaker Chambers|Chambers]] wrote to Nixon:
{{cquote|[The] Attack on you shows how deeply the enemy fears you as he always fears and seeks to destroy a combination of honesty and fighting courage. Be proud to be attacked for the attackers are the enemies of all of us. To few recent public figures does this nation owe so much as to you. God help us [http://washingtontimes.com/news/2009/jun/15/nixon-library-invites-john-dean/ if we ever forget it].}}
Nixon was elected [[President]] in 1968, and re-elected in a [https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/showelection.php?year=1972 landslide]<ref>''New York Times'' film critic Pauline Kael reportedly said, "I don't know how Richard Nixon could have won. [http://www.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2008/06/30/changing_the_polarized_electoral_landscape/ I don't know anybody who voted for him]." This quote has become an embarrassment to liberals, who try to [https://www.cbsnews.com/sections/couricandco/main500803.shtml?keyword=Pauline+Kael deny she said it], but even the ''New York Times'' admits Kael told the [http://www.campusreportonline.net/main/articles.php?id=733 Modern Language Association], "[http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F50A11FF3E59107A93CAAB1789D95F468785F9 I only know one person who voted for Nixon]" while, according to [http://search.bloomberg.com/search?q=craig+seligman&site=wnews&client=wnews&proxystylesheet=wnews&output=xml_no_dtd&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&filter=p&getfields=wnnis&sort=date%3AD%3AS%3Ad1&submit.x=0&submit.y=0&submit=submit Bloomberg News critic] Craig Seligman, "Kael told me... [http://begonias.typepad.com/srubio/2004/12/kaelnixon_updat.html she didn't even know anyone who had voted for Nixon]."</ref> in 1972. But the left "loathed Nixon for his role in the Hiss case" (and [https://www.csmonitor.com/2007/0122/p09s01-coop.html in Vietnam]).<ref>George McKenna, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=_wwA0pdMdg4C The Puritan Origins of American Patriotism]'' (Yale University Press, 2007) ISBN 030010099X, p. 310</ref> By 1974, the [[Watergate]] scandal<ref>Victor Lasky, ''[https://archive.org/details/LaskyVictorItDidntStartWithWatergate It Didn't Start with Watergate]'' (Dell Pub. Co., 1978) ISBN 0440144000</ref> forced [[Richard M. Nixon|President Nixon]] to resign,<ref>Len Colodny and Robert Gettlin, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=EL8qgEmBVRMC Silent Coup: The Removal of a President]'' (St. Martin's Paperbacks, 1992) ISBN 0312927630</ref> giving "some credence to a wide spectrum of [http://www.historynet.com/the-alger-hiss-spy-case.htm/4 conspiracy theories]<ref>[[#refWeinstein78|Weinstein 1978]]: 575</ref> involving fake typewriters, phony microfilm, and various collusions among the FBI, Nixon, HUAC, the CIA, the radical right, and the KGB." In 1975, the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court granted Hiss's petition for readmittance to the State Bar of Massachusetts, although the court's ruling stated "nothing we have said here should be construed as detracting one iota from the fact that in considering Hiss's petition we consider him to be [http://masscases.com/cases/sjc/368/368mass447.html guilty as charged]."

With the rise of [[radical left-wing]] politics and the so-called [[New Left]] in the '60s, Hiss became a [https://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/1996/11/24/an-american-melodrama.html darling] of the Establishment's lecture and [https://files.nyu.edu/th15/public/brower.html New York cocktail-party circuit], and a sought-out speaker [http://dlib.nyu.edu/findingaids/html/tamwag/hiss.html on college campuses].<ref>[[#refWhite04|White 2004]]: 275, n. 45</ref> In 1981, Bard College established an [http://dlib.nyu.edu/eadapp/transform?source=tamwag/haury.xml&style=tamwag/tamwag.xsl&part=body Alger Hiss Distinguished Professorship] in Social Studies, formerly held by "[http://www.joelkovel.com/newreadings.html#ecosocialism1 eco-socialist]"<ref>Kovel defines his ideology as Marxian communism—the "realization" of what he calls "'first-epoch' socialism" (that is, "neither more nor less than the [http://www.joelkovel.com/messages.html#socialism original announcement of the ''Communist Manifesto'']")—not in pursuit of "unfettered productivity" ''à la'' Marx, but to further fetter productivity in the interest of environmentalism.</ref> Joel Kovel, who declared that America's obsession with anti-Communism during the Cold War led the U.S. to become “the [http://www.commentarymagazine.com/viewarticle.cfm/in-denial-by-john-earl-haynes-and-harvey-klehr-9668 enemy of humanity].” By the time Nixon died in 1994, ''Foreign Policy'' magazine could assign the task of reviewing his posthumous book, ''Beyond Peace'', to his embittered foe, [[George McGovern]], who took the opportunity to avenge his humiliating [http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/national.php?year=1972&off=0&f=1 49-state landslide defeat] by Nixon, writing (without explanation), "The evidence that Hiss was a security risk to the United States simply is not convincing," labeling Hiss's conviction "dubious," and suggesting that Nixon's "prosecution of Alger Hiss probably belongs on the same level" as "political demagoguery of the worst sort—unscrupulous attacks on the patriotism of deeply devoted [http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-15842448.html public servants of the first rank]."<ref>Former Kennedy administration official Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr. would use remarkably similar words the following year to defend [[#refHaynes08|Soviet agent]] Laurence Duggan as "an [http://h-net.msu.edu/cgi-bin/logbrowse.pl?trx=vx&list=h-diplo&month=9704&week=c&msg=zRT5drfjEeXIWFvFkKCqww&user=&pw= able public servant]."</ref>

==Death==
The tide turned against Hiss in 1978, with the publication of Allan Weinstein's ''[[#refWeinstein78|Perjury]]'', which shifted the scholarly consensus to acceptance of Hiss's guilt.<ref>"[B]eginning with Allen Weinstein's ''Perjury'', the scholarly consensus has been that Hiss was guilty." Edward A. Goedeken, "Social Science" (Review of ''The View From Alger's Window'' by Tony Hiss), ''[http://www.libraryjournal.com/ Library Journal]'', [https://books.google.com/books?id=RBvhAAAAMAAJ Vol. 124 (1999)], p. 128</ref> This consensus was strengthened after the fall of Soviet Communism, when Russia's first post-Communist president, Boris Yeltsin, permitted some western scholars brief access to Soviet-era intelligence archives. According to one of them, Ronald Radosh, [https://www.latimes.com/news/opinion/commentary/la-oe-radosh17-2008sep17,0,864776.story emeritus professor of history at City University of New York] (and a former leader of the Communist Party youth group in the U.S.),<ref>Radosh was leader of the Madison, Wisconsin, chapter of the Labor Youth League, as the Young Communist League was then known. Ronald Radosh, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=NgGsGwB74WkC Commies: a journey through the old left, the new left and the leftover left]'' (Encounter Books, 2001) ISBN 1893554058, pp. 68-82</ref> he and Mary R. Habeck [http://www.sais-jhu.edu/faculty-and-scholarship/faculty-profiles/mary-r-habeck-phd of Johns Hopkins] saw in the files of [[Kliment Voroshilov]], Soviet Defense Minister in 1934-46, two GRU files identifying Hiss as "our agent."<ref>[http://www.wilsoncenter.org/event/alexander-vassilievs-notebooks-and-the-documentation-soviet-intelligence-operations-the-united Alexander Vassiliev's Notebooks and the Documentation of Soviet Intelligence Operations in the United States, 1930-1950]. Video at 1:43:10. Cold War International History Project, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, May 21, 2009</ref>

The consensus was further strengthened by the October 1996<ref>John Ehrman, "[https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/csi-studies/studies/winter_spring01/article01.pdf A Half-Century of Controversy: The Alger Hiss Case]," ''Studies in Intelligence'' (Center for the Study of Intelligence, Central Intelligence Agency), Winter-Spring 2001, No. 10, pp. 9-10</ref> release by the [[CIA]] and [[NSA]] of the [[Venona project|Venona]] decrypts, including the "Ales" transmission of March 30, 1945.<ref>"For the [http://microformguides.gale.com/Data/Download/9100000C.rtf majority of scholars], the critical ALES transmission puts to rest any doubt about Hiss’s complicity in the Soviet underground." R. Bruce Craig, [http://www.upei.ca/history/bcraig specialist in Cold War history]</ref> The following month, on November 15, 1996, [https://www.nytimes.com/books/97/03/09/reviews/hiss-obit.html Alger Hiss died]. According to [http://english.princeton.edu/component/option,com_faculty/Itemid,99999999/facultyid,11/func,fullview/lang,en/ professor emeritus John V. Fleming of Princeton], "Hiss [http://gladlylernegladlyteche.blogspot.com/2009/07/tragic-to-be-blunt.html continued to lie] until his dying day." By then, "just about everyone conceded that he was guilty," reported the [http://www.wsws.org/articles/2001/jun2001/salo-j29.shtml left-liberal] Salon.com, "that the brilliant, suave, well-educated, well-connected lawyer-diplomat had indeed been [https://www.salon.com/media/media961119.html a Communist and a spy] for the Soviet Union during the 1930s and '40s." Further confirmation came in 2009, when the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars posted [[#refVas|Vassiliev's notebooks]] online.<ref>"The material in the Vassiliev notebooks corroborates the suspicion that Hiss was a longtime agent of Soviet military intelligence. That echoes the findings of Venona Project analysts, who concluded years ago that the code name 'Ales' in the intercepted Soviet cables was 'probably Alger Hiss.'" Alex Kingsbury, "[https://www.usnews.com/articles/news/2009/07/17/declassified-documents-reveal-kgb-spies-in-the-us.html Declassified Documents Reveal KGB Spies in the U.S.]," ''U.S. News and World Report'', July 17, 2009</ref>

HUAC's files on the Hiss-Chambers case were to have been opened in 1998, fifty years after the hearings—but in 1976, the U.S. House of Representatives (then [http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electioninfo/1974election.pdf dominated by Democrats]) voted to seal these particular files for an additional fifty years, ensuring that they cannot be seen until 2048.<ref>Anthony Summers, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=8SvufU3WsisC The Arrogance of Power: The Secret World of Richard Nixon]'' (New York, London: Penguin-Putnam Inc, 2000) ISBN 1101199482, pp. 76-77.</ref> Even these files, however, might not have satisfied the Hiss partisans: "Given the fervour exhibited by his loyalists," observe [http://www.loc.gov/loc/lcib/10012/haynes.html Library of Congress Cold War historian and Soviet espionage expert John Earl Haynes] and [http://polisci.emory.edu/home/people/klehr.html Emory University professor Harvey Klehr], "it is unlikely that anything will convince [[#refTLS09|the remaining diehards]]." Asked what evidence he would accept of Hiss's guilt, reported [https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/csi-studies/studies/95unclass/Warner.html ex-Communist] [http://content.cdlib.org/view?docId=tf5n39n7hn&chunk.id=c01-1.7.6.4&brand=oac Sidney Hook], one Columbia University professor admitted, "Even if Hiss himself were to confess his guilt, I wouldn't believe it."<ref>Sidney Hook, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=sVJYAAAAMAAJ Out of Step: An Unquiet Life in the 20th Century]'' (New York: Harper & Row, 1987) ISBN 0060156325, p. 291; cf. Sidney Hook, "The Strange Case of Whittaker Chambers," ''Encounter'', January 1976, p. 78. Likewise, when the FBI was looking for old Hiss family letters to compare with the Baltimore documents and pumpkin papers, the headmistress of Washington’s [http://dcsportsfan.com/article.aspx?aid=2472 elite] [http://www.potomacschool.org/about-us/history-of-potomac/index.aspx Potomac School] (apparently [http://www.nyrevels.org/graphics/preston.gif Carol Preston])—who, "dressed in an upper class fashion and with mannerisms to match, seethed with venom” as she “refused to give any letters”—“said that if Alger Hiss told her himself that he was a Soviet spy she wouldn't believe it." ([[#refSchecter02|Schecter 2002]]: 170) A [http://www.thenation.com/archive/passings-0 professional Hiss partisan] made a remarkably similar confession. [[#refWhite04|White 2004]]: 208</ref>

==See also==
* [[Alger Hiss and the Volkogonov Affair]]

* <cite id=reflegacy>[[Legacy of Alger Hiss]]</cite>

* [[Whittaker Chambers]]

==Notes==
{{reflist|3}}

== Further reading ==
<div class="references-small">
* <cite id=refChambers52>Whittaker Chambers, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=xrqbAAAACAAJ Witness]'' (Washington: Regnery, 1952) ISBN 0895267896</cite>
* <cite id=refWeinstein78>Allen Weinstein, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=YRyoAAAAIAAJ&pgis=1 Perjury: The Hiss-Chambers Case]'' (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1978) ISBN 0394495462</cite>
* <cite id=refTanenhaus97>Sam Tanenhaus, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=WNp4AAAAMAAJ Whittaker Chambers: A Biography]'' (New York: Random House , 1997) ISBN 0-375-75145-9</cite>
* <cite id=refWhite04>G. Edward White, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=FvR4HBTiYzAC Alger Hiss's Looking-glass Wars: The Covert Life of a Soviet Spy]'' (Oxford University Press, 2004) ISBN 0195182553</cite>
*<cite id=refShelton2012>Christina Shelton, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=_XyzyNEy1McC Alger Hiss: Why He Chose Treason]'' (Simon and Schuster, 2012) ISBN 1451655452</cite>
* <cite id=refJacoby09>Susan Jacoby, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=nLU0z6PlTHAC Alger Hiss and the Battle for History]'' (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009), ISBN 0300121334</cite>
* <cite id=refSpies09>John Earl Haynes, Harvey Klehr and Alexander Vassiliev, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=qCAVQ_cdomcC Spies: The Rise and Fall of the KGB in America]'' (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009), ISBN 0300123906</cite>
* <cite id=refMoynihan98>Daniel Patrick Moynihan, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=FWq-5a5tqH0C Secrecy: The American Experience]'' (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999) ISBN 0300080794</cite>
* <cite id=refHK99>John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=dIsmm_ZLHcIC Venona: Decoding Soviet Espionage in America]'' (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999), ISBN 0300077718</cite>
* <cite id=refRomerstein01>Herbert Romerstein and Eric Breindel, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=mVpWH51F7toC The Venona Secrets: Exposing Soviet Espionage and America's Traitors]'' (Washington: Regnery Publishing, 2001), ISBN 0895262258</cite>
* <cite id=refHaunted>Allen Weinstein and Alexander Vassiliev, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=LgPgAAAAMAAJ The Haunted Wood: Soviet Espionage in America—the Stalin Era]'', (New York: Random House, 1999), ISBN 0375755365</cite>
* <cite id=refSword>Christopher Andrew and Vasili Mitrokhin, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=9TWUAQ7Xof8C The Sword and the Shield: The Mitrokhin Archive and the Secret History of the KGB]'' (New York: Basic Books, 2000), ISBN 0-465-00310-9</cite>
* <cite id=refSchecter02>Jerrold and Leona Schecter, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=M2pbieYYHrYC Sacred Secrets: How Soviet Intelligence Operations Changed American History]''(Dulles, Va.: Potomac Books Inc., 2002) ISBN 1574883275</cite>
* <cite id=refAG90>Christopher Andrew and Oleg Gordievsky, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=PfdGAQAACAAJ KGB: The Inside Story of Its Foreign Operations from Lenin to Gorbachev]'' (New York: Harpercollins, 1990) ISBN 0060166053</cite>
* <cite id=refSudoplatov95>Anatoli Sudoplatov, Pavel Sudoplatov, Leona P. Schecter and Jerrold L. Schecter, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=6UhoPwAACAAJ Special Tasks: The Memoirs of an Unwanted Witness, a Soviet Spymaster]'' (Boston: Back Bay Books, 1995), ISBN 0316821152</cite>
* <cite id=refPlokhy2010>Serhii Plokhy, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=0wOKfjnXdAUC Yalta: The Price of Peace]'' (Penguin, 2010) ISBN 0670021415</cite>
* <cite id=refHK06>John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=pNwEyL1b6XQC Early Cold War Spies: The Espionage Trials That Shaped American Politics]'' (Cambridge University Press, 2006), ISBN 0521857384</cite>
* <cite id=refPowers04>Thomas Powers, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=6ZS4Y7gmT84C Intelligence Wars: American Secret History from Hitler to Al-Qaeda]'' (New York Review of Books, 2004) ISBN 1590170989</cite>
* <cite id=refHK03>John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=Be2GAAAAMAAJ&pgis=1 In Denial: Historians, Communism & Espionage]'' (San Francisco: Encounter Books, 2003), ISBN 159403088X</cite>
* <cite id=refKHA98>Harvey Klehr, John Earl Haynes, and Kirill Mikhaĭlovich Anderson, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=nHKvFVnBLGYC The Soviet World of American Communism]'' (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998), ISBN 0300071507</cite>
* <cite id=refMorgan04>Ted Morgan, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=4ijWhgff9XEC Reds: McCarthyism in Twentieth-Century America]'' (Random House, Inc., 2004) ISBN 081297302X</cite>
* <cite id=refBagley07>Tennent H. Bagley, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=fLdPjg5PFrcC Spy Wars: Moles, Mysteries, and Deadly Games]'' (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2007), ISBN 0300121989</cite>
* <cite id=refDallas05>Gregor Dallas, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=tOyMNjvKajYC 1945: The War that Never Ended]'' (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2005), ISBN 0300109806</cite>
* <cite id=refOlmstead02>Kathryn S. Olmsted, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=kwQQDXs__wwC Red Spy Queen: A Biography of Elizabeth Bentley]'' (Chapel Hill: UNC Press, 2002), ISBN 0807827398</cite>
* <cite id=refHerken03> Gregg Herken, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=7s0NGIfflOgC Brotherhood of the Bomb: The Tangled Lives and Loyalties of Robert Oppenheimer, Ernest Lawrence, and Edward Teller]'' (Macmillan, 2003) ISBN 080506589X (See also [http://www.brotherhoodofthebomb.com/ Brotherhood of the Bomb])</cite>
* <cite id=refKempton04>Murray Kempton, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=1Lfvn8W9LfEC Part of Our Time: Some Ruins and Monuments of the Thirties]'' (New York Review of Books, 2004), ISBN 1590170873</cite>
* <cite id=refMorrow05>Lance Morrow, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=CEC30zxnXSMC The Best Year of Their Lives: Kennedy, Johnson, and Nixon in 1948: Learning the Secrets of Power]'' (New York: Basic Books, 2005), ISBN 0465047238</cite>
* <cite id=refStettinius75>Edward R. Stettinius Jr., ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=v9N3AAAAMAAJ&pgis=1 The Diaries of Edward R Stettinius Jr , 1943-1946]'', ed. Thomas M. Campbell and George C. Herring (New York: New Viewpoints, 1975), ISBN 0531055701</cite>
* <cite id=refPickersgill70>John Whitney Pickersgill and Donald F. Forster, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=sNQBAAAAMAAJ The Mackenzie King Record‎]'' (University of Toronto Press, 1970) ISBN 0802016553</cite>
* <cite id=refBerle52>Adolf Augustus Berle, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=fed2AAAAMAAJ Navigating the Rapids, 1918-1971: From the Papers of Adolf A. Berle]'' (Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1973) ISBN 0151648204</cite>
* <cite id=refWilson2002>Baron Charles McMoran Wilson, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=tF3at4qQ7B4C Churchill at War, 1940-1945]'' (London: Carroll & Graf Publishers, 2002) ISBN 0786710411</cite>
* <cite id=refRovere96>Richard Halworth Rovere, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=c5GOLPhg954C Senator Joe McCarthy]'' (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996) ISBN 0520204727</cite>
* <cite id=refHerman99>Arthur M. Herman, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=DIibZoDyADEC Joseph McCarthy: Reexamining the Life and Legacy of America's Most Hated Senator]'' (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1999), ISBN 0684836254</cite>
* <cite id=refEvans07>M. Stanton Evans, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=vz42rDYmf3wC Blacklisted by History: The Untold Story of Senator Joe McCarthy and His Fight Against America's Enemies]'' (New York: Crown Forum, 2007), ISBN 978-1-4000-8105-9</cite>
* <cite id=refTolstoy82> Nikolai Tolstoy, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=yOoNAQAAMAAJ Stalin's secret war]'' (Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1982) ISBN 0030472660</cite>
* <cite id=refZeligs67>Meyer A. Zeligs, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=aytCAAAAIAAJ&pgis=1 Friendship and Fratricide: An Analysis of Whittaker Chambers and Alger Hiss]'' (New York: Viking Press, 1967) ASIN B000NZOTWM</cite>
* <cite id=refSmith76>John Chabot Smith, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=bCYrAAAAIAAJ&pgis=1 Alger Hiss, the True Story]'' (Austin, Tex.: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1976), ISBN 0030137764</cite>
* <cite id=refTHiss77>Tony Hiss, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=SPV2AAAAMAAJ&pgis=1 Laughing Last: Alger Hiss by Tony Hiss]'' (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1977), ISBN 039524899X</cite>
* <cite id=refHiss2000>Tony Hiss, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=ugT4OU18kPsC The View From Alger's Window]'' (New York: Vintage Books, 2000) ISBN 0375701281</cite>
* <cite id=refLevine73>Isaac Don Levine, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=Zts3AAAAIAAJ&pgis=1 Eyewitness To History: Memoirs and Reflections of a Foreign Correspondent for Half a Century]'' (New York: Hawthorn Books, 1973), ASIN B000ONBAW0</cite>
* <cite id=refConquest91>Robert Conquest, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=Bp31GmfH-6YC The Harvest of Sorrow: Soviet Collectivization and the Terror-Famine]'' (Oxford University Press, 1987) ISBN 0195051807</cite>
* <cite id=refGall99>Gilbert J. Gall, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=xCYoLnaWXdoC Pursuing Justice: Lee Pressman, the New Deal, and the CIO]'' (Albany, N.Y: SUNY Press, 1999), ISBN 079144103</cite>
* <cite id=refAvrich05>Paul Avrich, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=8z8mdUYp-6gC Anarchist Voices: An Oral History of Anarchism in America]'' (Oakland, Calif.: AK Press, 2005), ISBN 1904859275</cite>
* <cite id=refAvrich96>Paul Avrich, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=lm0SCspDOjQC Sacco and Vanzetti: The Anarchist Background]'' (Princeton University Press, 1996), ISBN 0691026041</cite>
* <cite id=refNekrich97>Aleksandr M. Nekrich, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=ZliWXGydrzAC Pariahs, Partners, Predators: German-Soviet Relations, 1922-1941]'' (New York: Columbia University Press, 1997), ISBN 0231106769</cite>
* <cite id=refChang05>Jung Chang, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=3EZwAAAAMAAJ Mao: The Unknown Story]'' (London: Jonathan Cape, 2005) ISBN 0-224-07126-2</cite>
* <cite id=refMark03>Eduard Mark, "[http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/routledg/int/2003/00000018/00000003/art00003 Who was 'Venona's' 'Ales'? Cryptanalysis and the Hiss Case]," ''Intelligence and National Security'' 18, No. 3 (Autumn 2003), pp. 54-55, 57-88, 62, 64</cite>
* <cite id=refHiss89>Alger Hiss, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=jot3UHV59BgC Recollections of a Life]'' (New York: Arcade, 1989) ISBN 1559700246</cite>
* <cite id=refBerresford92>John W. Berresford, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20041207142832/http://johnwberresford.com/Articles_Other/Whittaker_Chambers_and_Alger_Hiss.doc Whittaker Chambers and Alger Hiss: The Courts Decide]," [https://books.google.com/books?id=ADMvAQAAIAAJ ''Federal Bar Journal'' Vol. 40] (February 1993), pp. 96-108; 27 [http://www.isob.com/mb/journal.php International Society of Barristers Journal] 355 (1992)</cite>
* <cite id=refCohen93>Jacob Cohen, "Innocent after all? - the Kremlin files and the guilt or innocence of convicted spy Alger Hiss," ''[https://www.nationalreview.com/ National Review]'', Vol. 45 (January 18, 1993)</cite>
* <cite id=refRemnick86>David Remnick, “Alger Hiss: Unforgiven and Unforgiving,” ''[https://www.washingtonpost.com/magazine Washington Post Magazine]'', October 12, 1986, pp. 23-31</cite></div>

== External links ==
<div class="references-small">
* National Security Agency/Central Intelligence Agency/Office of the National Counterintelligence Executive
:* Central Security Service, [http://www.nsa.gov/public_info/declass/venona/index.shtml Venona]
::* <cite id=refVenona1289>[http://www.nsa.gov/public_info/_files/venona/1944/9sep_lippman_views_churchill_roosevelt.pdf 1289 KGB New York to Moscow, 9 September 1944]</cite>
::* <cite id=refVenona1506>[http://www.nsa.gov/public_info/_files/venona/1944/23oct_stone_fears_fbi.pdf 1506 KGB New York to Moscow, 23 October 1944]</cite>
::* <cite id=refVenona1613>[http://www.nsa.gov/public_info/_files/venona/1944/18nov_lawrence_duggan.pdf 1613 KGB New York to Moscow, 19 November 1944]</cite>
::* <cite id=refVenona1822>[http://www.nsa.gov/public_info/_files/venona/1945/30mar_kgb_interviews_gru_agent.pdf 1822 KGB Washington to Moscow, 30 March 1945]</cite>
:* Center for Cryptologic History, Fort George G. Meade, Md.
::*<cite id=refBenson95>Robert Louis Benson, Venona Historical Monograph #1: [http://permanent.access.gpo.gov/lps33230/www.nsa.gov/docs/venona/monographs/monograph-1.html Introductory History of VENONA and Guide to the Translations], 1995</cite>
::* <cite id=refNSA95>Thomas R. Johnson, ''American Cryptology during the Cold War: 1945-1989.'' [http://www.nsa.gov/public_info/_files/cryptologic_histories/cold_war_i.pdf Book I: The Struggle for Centralization 1945-1960], 1995</cite>
::* <cite id=refVStory>Robert L. Benson, ''[http://www.nsa.gov/about/_files/cryptologic_heritage/publications/coldwar/venona_story.pdf The Venona Story]'', 2001</cite>
::* <cite id=refNSA05>Robert J. Hanyok, ''[http://www.nsa.gov/about/_files/cryptologic_heritage/publications/wwii/eavesdropping.pdf Eavesdropping on Hell: Historical Guide to Western Communications Intelligence and the Holocaust, 1939-1945]'', 2005</cite>
::* <cite id=refBP95>Robert Louis Benson and Cecil Phillips, ''[http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB278/01.PDF History of Venona]'', 1995</cite>
:* <cite id=refBW96>Robert Louis Benson and Michael Warner, eds., ''[https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/books-and-monographs/venona-soviet-espionage-and-the-american-response-1939-1957/venona.htm Venona: Soviet Espionage and The American Response, 1939-1957]'' (NSA/CIA, 1996)</cite>
::*<cite id=refPrefaceBW96>[https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/books-and-monographs/venona-soviet-espionage-and-the-american-response-1939-1957/preface.htm Preface]</cite>
:* Frank J. Rafalko, ed., ''[http://www.ncix.gov/issues/CI_Reader/ A Counterintelligence Reader: An American Revolution Into the New Millennium]'' (NCIX)
::* <cite id=refRafalko2-1>[http://www.ncix.gov/issues/CI_Reader/Vol2/Vol2Chap1.pdf Vol. 2, Ch. 1: Counterintelligence in World War II]</cite>
::* <cite id=refRafalko2-4>[http://www.ncix.gov/issues/CI_Reader/Vol2/Vol2Chap4.pdf Vol. 2, Ch. 4: VENONA]</cite>
::* <cite id=refRafalko3-1>[http://www.ncix.gov/issues/CI_Reader/Vol3/Vol3Chap1.pdf Vol. 3, Ch. 1: Cold War Counterintelligence]</cite>
* Commission on Protecting and Reducing Government Secrecy, ''[http://www.access.gpo.gov/congress/commissions/secrecy/index.html Secrecy: Report of the Commission on Protecting and Reducing Government Secrecy]'' (Washington: United States Government Printing Office, 1997)
:* <cite id=refMoyComA>[http://www.access.gpo.gov/congress/commissions/secrecy/pdf/12hist1.pdf Appendix A: Secrecy: A Brief Account of the American Experience]</cite>
* [http://www.wilsoncenter.org/ Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars], [http://wilsoncenter.org/index.cfm?topic_id=1409&fuseaction=topics.home Cold War International History Project]
:* <cite id=refYalta45>[http://www.wilsoncenter.org/coldwarfiles/files/Documents/YALTA.pdf Yalta (Crimea) Conference, February 1945] </cite>
:* <cite id=refVas>[http://legacy.wilsoncenter.org/index.cfm?topic_id=1409&fuseaction=topics.documents&group_id=511603 The Vassiliev Notebooks]</cite>
::* <cite id=refHaynes08>John Earl Haynes, [http://legacy.wilsoncenter.org/topics/docs/Vassiliev_Notebooks_Concordance1.pdf Vassiliev Notebooks Concordance: Cover Names, Real Names, Abbreviations, Acronyms, Organizational Titles, Tradecraft Terminology], 2008</cite>
::* Alexander Vassiliev
:::* <cite id=refVasBlack>[http://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/112860 Black Notebook]</cite>
:::* <cite id=refVasWhite2>[http://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/112565 White Notebook #2]</cite>
:::* <cite id=refVasWhite3>[http://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/112566 White Notebook #3]</cite>
:::* <cite id=refVasYellow2>[http://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/112565 Yellow Notebook #2]</cite>
* <cite id=refFRUS45>United States Department of State, ''[http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/FRUS/FRUS-idx?type=header&id=FRUS.FRUS1945 Foreign Relations of the United States. Conferences at Malta and Yalta, 1945]'' (Washington, DC: United States Government Printing Office, 1955)</cite>
* <cite id=refSilv>[http://www.education-research.org/CSR/Holdings/Silvermaster/summaries.htm FBI Silvermaster file]</cite>
:* <cite id=refSilv6>[http://www.education-research.org/PDFs/Silvermaster006.pdf Vol. 6: Statement of Elizabeth Terrill Bentley], November 30, 1945</cite>
::*<cite id=refSilv6.106>[http://www.education-research.org/PDFs/splitfiles/splitprocessed/Silvermaster006_Folder/Silvermaster006_page106.pdf Page 105 (PDF p. 106)]</cite>
:* <cite id=refNKVD>[http://www.education-research.org/PDFs/Silvermaster082.pdf Vol. 82: Underground Soviet Espionage Organization (NKVD) in Agencies of the United States Government], November 21, 1946</cite>
::* <cite id=refSilv82.120>[http://www.education-research.org/PDFs/splitfiles/splitprocessed/Silvermaster082_Folder/Silvermaster082_page120.pdf Page 109 (PDF 120)]</cite>
:* <cite id=refSilv149>[http://www.education-research.org/PDFs/Silvermaster149.pdf Vol. 149]</cite>
::* <cite id=refSilv149.40>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120310004029/http://www.education-research.org/PDFs/splitfiles/splitprocessed/Silvermaster149_Folder/Silvermaster149_page40.pdf FBI memo: Roach to Ladd, RE: Nathan Gregory Silvermaster, et al., March 14, 1946], Summary of File References to Alger Hiss, November 8, 1949, p. 20 (PDF p. 40)</cite>
* <cite id=refUN46>''[http://www.unmultimedia.org/searchers/yearbook/page.jsp?volume=1946-47&page=1 Yearbook of the United Nations 1947-48]'' (United Nations, Department of Public Information, 1948)</cite>
* Committee on Un-American Activities, House of Representatives, United States Congress (Washington: United States Government Printing Office)
:* <cite id=refHUAC48>[http://ia700305.us.archive.org/6/items/hearingsregardin1948unit/hearingsregardin1948unit_bw.pdf Hearings Regarding Communist Espionage in the United States Government], 1948</cite>
:* <cite id=refHUAC48.2>[http://ia700303.us.archive.org/23/items/hearingsregardin194802unit/hearingsregardin194802unit_bw.pdf Hearings Regarding Communist Espionage in the United States Government—Part Two], 1948</cite>
:* Executive Sessions
::* <cite id=refHUAC8-7-48>[http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/hiss/8-7testimony%5B1%5D.htm Testimony of Whittaker Chambers (August 7, 1948)]</cite>
::* <cite id=refHUAC8-17-48>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120127060209/http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/hiss/8-17testimony.html Testimony of Alger Hiss and Whittaker Chambers (August 17, 1948)]</cite>
:* <cite id=refHUAC48-2R>[https://books.google.com/books?id=XxcWAAAAIAAJ Soviet Espionage Within the United States Government, Second Report], 1949</cite>
:* <cite id=refHUAC50.2>[https://archive.org/stream/hearingsregardin195002unit#page/2850/mode/2up Hearings Regarding Communism in the United States Government—Part 2], 1950</cite>
* [https://www.archives.gov/ National Archives and Records Administration]
:*[http://www.trumanlibrary.org/ Harry S. Truman Library and Museum]
::* <cite id=refTruChron>Raymond H. Geselbracht, [http://www.trumanlibrary.org/chron/49chron2.htm The Truman Administration During 1949: A Chronology]</cite>
::* <cite id=refTruman8.5.48> [https://trumanlibrary.org/publicpapers/index.php?pid=1771&st=&st1=%20170 170. The President's News Conference], August 5, 1948, Public Papers of the Presidents: Harry S. Truman, 1945-1953</cite>
::* <cite id=refBentleyGJ>Records of U.S. Attorneys and Marshals: [http://www.trumanlibrary.org/hstpaper/hiss.htm Transcripts of Grand Jury Testimony in the Alger Hiss Case], Record Group 118, Dates: 1947-1949</cite>
::* <cite id=refTrohan1970>Jerry N. Hess, [http://www.trumanlibrary.org/oralhist/trohan.htm Oral History Interview with Walter Trohan], October 7, 1970</cite>
:* <cite id=refRJG06>Robert Justin Goldstein, "[https://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/2006/fall/agloso.html Prelude to McCarthyism: The Making of a Blacklist]," ''Prologue'', Vol. 38, No. 3 (Fall 2006)</cite>
:* <cite id=refNARAcities>125. The wreckage of Chicago's Federal Building after the explosion of a bomb allegedly planted by the International Workers of the World (lWW) as a reprisal for the sentencing of the union's leader, "Big Bill" Haywood, and 94 other members for seditious activities, 1918. 165-WW-l64B-7. (american_cities_125.jpg), [https://www.archives.gov/research/american-cities/ Pictures of the American City]</cite>
* <cite id=refHissAppellate>''[http://bulk.resource.org/courts.gov/c/F2/185/185.F2d.822.78.21800.html United States v Alger Hiss]'', 185 F. 2d 822 (Second Circuit Court of Appeals, December 7, 1950)</cite>
* Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws, Committee on the Judiciary, U.S. Senate
:* Interlocking Subversion in Government Departments (Washington: United States Government Printing Office)
::* <cite id=refSISS53>[http://ia700407.us.archive.org/23/items/interlockingsubv1953unit/interlockingsubv1953unit_bw.pdf Report], 1953</cite>
::* <cite id=refSISS13>[http://ia700304.us.archive.org/24/items/interlockingsubv13unit/interlockingsubv13unit_bw.pdf Hearings, Part 13], 1953</cite>
::* <cite id=refSISS16>[http://ia700303.us.archive.org/6/items/interlockingsubv16unit/interlockingsubv16unit_bw.pdf Hearings, Part 16], 1954</cite>
:* Institute of Pacific Relations (Washington: United States Government Printing Office)
::* <cite id=refIPR52>[http://ia700309.us.archive.org/31/items/instituteofpacif1952unit/instituteofpacif1952unit_bw.pdf S. Rpt. 2050, 82d Cong., 2d sess., Serial 11574], Report of the Committee on the Judiciary Pursuant to S. Res. 366, 1952</cite>
::* <cite id=refIPR9>[http://ia700309.us.archive.org/31/items/instituteofpacif09unit/instituteofpacif09unit_bw.pdf Hearings, Part 9], 1952</cite>
* <cite id=refFieldUK>[http://nationalarchives.gov.uk/catalogue/displaycataloguedetails.asp?CATID=8544389&CATLN=6&accessmethod=5&j=1 Noel Haviland Field], Records of the Security Service, The National Archives (United Kingdom)</cite>
* [http://www.johnearlhaynes.org/ John Earl Haynes, Historical Writings]
:* <cite id=refBerle>[http://www.johnearlhaynes.org/page100.html Adolf Berle’s Notes on his Meeting with Whittaker Chambers]</cite>
:* <cite id=refSchindler05>John R. Schindler, [http://www.johnearlhaynes.org/page61.html Hiss in VENONA: The Continuing Controversy], Center for Cryptologic History Symposium, October 27, 2005</cite>
:* <cite id=refFoote>John Earl Haynes, [http://www.johnearlhaynes.org/page63.html Ales: Hiss, Foote, Stettinius?] June 7, 2007</cite>
:* <cite id=refHK07>John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr, [http://www.johnearlhaynes.org/page70.html “Ales” is Still Hiss: The Wilder Foote Red Herring] (2007 Symposium on Cryptologic History, The Center for Cryptologic History), October 19, 2007</cite>
* Douglas Linder (2003), Famous Trials (University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Law)
:*[http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/hiss/hiss.html The Alger Hiss Trials, 1949-50]
::* <cite id=refChronology>[http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/hiss/hisschronology.html The Trials of Alger Hiss: A Chronology]</cite>
::* <cite id=refLindPump>[http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/hiss/pumpkinp.html The Pumpkin Papers: Key Evidence in the Alger Hiss Trials]</cite>
::* <cite id=refLinder03>Doug Linder (2003), [http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/hiss/hissaccount.html The Trials of Alger Hiss: A Commentary]</cite>
::* <cite id=refLinderLinks>[http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/hiss_links.html The Alger Hiss Trials: Selected Links]</cite>
:* <cite id=refHaywood>[http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/haywood/HAY_BHAY.HTM William D. Haywood]</cite>
* Denise Noe, "The Alger Hiss Case," TruTV Crime Library (Turner Broadcasting System, Inc./Time Warner)
:* <cite id=refNoe1>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081120034728/http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/terrorists_spies/spies/hiss/1.html Part 1: The Promising Mr. Hiss]</cite>
:* <cite id=refNoe9>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121021232049/http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/terrorists_spies/spies/hiss/9.html Part 9: The Tantalizing Typewriter]</cite>
* Tony Hiss's and The Nation Institute's [http://homepages.nyu.edu/~th15/home.html "The Alger Hiss Story"] (assess with caution: editorial bias)
:* <cite id=refAboutTony>"[http://homepages.nyu.edu/~th15/aboutus.html About This Site]" (States that this "Web site has been created with grants from... the Nation Institute," which "is [[#refDTN:TNI|closely linked]] to" ''The Nation'', "a magazine that identified itself as solidly pro-Hiss in the 1950s" ([[#refWhite04|White 2004]]: 133), and is now "pretty much the last general-interest magazine in America that [[#refNoah01|remains committed]] to the idea of Hiss's innocence" (aka "America's leading forum for Alger [http://fdsys.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CREC-1996-04-18/html/CREC-1996-04-18-pt1-PgH3640.htm Hiss apologia])—the ''Nation'' "embraced a [http://gladlylernegladlyteche.blogspot.com/2009/06/of-columns-communists-and-comoes.html prejudiced view] of the Hiss-Chambers affair in 1948 and has been unable to wriggle free even yet." It "[[#refDTN:TNI|receives funding]] from... the Open Society Institute," which is "the most prominent of the numerous foundations belonging to the international billionaire financier [[#refDTN:OSI|George Soros]]." Also states "this Web site will post a... a comprehensive look at the case [[#refLinderLinks|for the defense]]."</cite>
:* <cite id=refTonyTimeline>[http://homepages.nyu.edu/~th15/timeline.html The Timeline], "The Alger Hiss Story"</cite>
* <cite id=refNoah01>Timothy Noah, [http://www.slate.com/id/1007346/pagenum/all/ Alger Hiss Innocent, Anticommunists Declare!], Slate.com, March 22, 2001</cite>
* Svetlana Chervonnaya's and The Nation Institute's [http://documentstalk.com/ DocumentsTalk.com] (assess with caution: editorial bias)
* [http://discoverthenetworks.org Discover The Networks]
:* <cite id=refDTN:TNI>[http://www.discoverthenetworks.org/groupProfile.asp?grpid=6780 The Nation Institute]</cite>
:* <cite id=refDTN:OSI>[http://www.discoverthenetworks.org/funderprofile.asp?fndid=5181&category=79 Open Society Institute]</cite>
* <cite id=refTL50>Ralph de Toledano and Victor Lasky, ''[http://www.americandeception.com/index.php?action=downloadpdf&photo=/PDFsml_AD/Seeds_Of_Treason-Ralph_de_Toledano_and_Victor_Lasky-1950-278pgs-POL.sml.pdf&id=343 Seeds of Treason: The True Story of the Hiss-Chambers Tragedy]'' (Funk & Wagnalls, 1950), ASIN B0007DS43A</cite>
* <cite id=refKriv39>Walter Krivitsky, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=gctvHAAACAAJ In Stalin's Secret Service: An Exposé of Russia’s Secret Policies by the Former Chief of the Soviet Intelligence in Western Europe]'' (Harper & Brothers, 1939)</cite>
* <cite id=refOSullivan07>Christopher D. O'Sullivan, "[http://www.gutenberg-e.org/osc01/frames/fosc08.html 8. Resignation]," ''Sumner Welles, Postwar Planning, and the Quest for a New World Order, 1937-1943'' (Columbia University Press, 2007) ISBN 0231142587</cite>
* <cite id=refYUNHiss>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070318221544/https://www.un.org/depts/dhl/unationsday/docs/hiss13february11october90.pdf Alger Hiss Interview], United Nations Oral History Project, Yale University, 1990 (Archive)</cite>
* <cite id=refMHSL>[http://www.mdhs.org/library/Mss/ms002504.html Alger Hiss Collection, 1934-1979], Maryland Historical Society</cite>
* <cite id=refZeligs80>[http://oasis.lib.harvard.edu/oasis/deliver/~law00092 Zeligs, Meyer Aaron. Papers, 1923-1978: Finding Aid]. Harvard Law School Library, October 1, 1980</cite>
* <cite id=refBogdanor08>Professor Vernon Bogdanor, [http://www.gresham.ac.uk/lectures-and-events/harry-truman-president-1945-1953 Roosevelt to Bush: The American Presidency - Transformation and Change. Harry Truman, President, 1945-1953], Gresham College, London, January 29, 2008</cite>
* James Thomas Gay, "[http://www.historynet.com/the-alger-hiss-spy-case.htm The Alger Hiss Spy Case]" ''American History,'' May–June 1998
* <cite id=refWard88>Geoffrey C. Ward, "[http://50.56.66.97/content/unregretfully-alger-hiss?page=show Unregretfully, Alger Hiss]," ''American Heritage'', Vol. 39, Issue 7 (November 1988)</cite>
* <cite id=refPlatt99>Rorin M. Platt, "[http://www.unc.edu/depts/diplomat/AD_Issues/amdipl_11/platt_reds.html Red Scare or Red Menace?]" ''American Diplomacy'', Vol. 4, No. 2 (Summer 1999)</cite>
* <cite id=refBC07>Kai Bird and Svetlana Chervonnaya, "[http://www.theamericanscholar.org/the-mystery-of-ales-2/print/ The Mystery of Ales]," ''The American Scholar,'' Summer 2007</cite>
* <cite id=refEhrmanSI51.4>John Ehrman, "[https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/csi-studies/studies/vol51no4/pdf-files/Ehrman_Alger_Hiss_Again-Web%20(U).pdf 'The Mystery of ALES': Once Again, the Alger Hiss Case]," ''Studies in Intelligence'', Vol. 51, No. 4</cite>
* <cite id=refPowell06>Jason Powell, [http://ehistory.osu.edu/osu/reviews/reviewview.cfm?id=2 Review: ''The Breaking Point: Hemingway, Dos Passos, and the Murder of Jose Robles''], eHistory at OSU (Ohio State University), January 2006</cite>
* H-Net Discussion Networks, Humanities and Social Sciences Online (Michigan State University)
:* <cite id=refKobyakov04>Julius Kobyakov, [http://h-net.msu.edu/cgi-bin/logbrowse.pl?trx=vx&list=H-Diplo&month=0403&week=d&msg=e%2bXZZ%2bYk%2bEQI/ZPeKPATrQ&user=&pw= ALES/Hiss], H-DIPLO Discussion Logs, March 22, 2004</cite>
:* History of American Communism (H-HOAC) Discussion Network
::* <cite id=refBLH05>Ronald Bachman and Harold Leich (tr.), with John Earl Haynes, [http://h-net.msu.edu/cgi-bin/logbrowse.pl?trx=vx&list=h-hoac&month=0503&week=b&msg=ycrsVT7M1e2L9EECiLFskg&user=&pw= Alexander Vassiliev's Notes on Anatoly Gorsky's December 1948 Memo on Compromised American Sources and Networks], March 14, 2005</cite>
::* <cite id=refHaynes5-10-05>John Earl Haynes, [http://h-net.msu.edu/cgi-bin/logbrowse.pl?trx=vx&list=h-hoac&month=0505&week=b&msg=FD4eU7DUS6jIaiCTiaFJfg&user=&pw= Hiss Case], May 10, 2005</cite>
* <cite id=refLowCher>David Lowenthal with Svetlana A. Chervonnaya, [http://hnn.us/articles/11581.html Gorsky Report: Dec 23, 1949], History News Network (George Mason University), May 2, 2005</cite>
* <cite id=refTLS09>John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr, "[http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/the_tls/article6731654.ece Alger Hiss and the KGB]," TLS Letters, ''The Times Literary Supplement'', July 29, 2009</cite>
* [http://query.nytimes.com/search/sitesearch?query=alger+hiss&more=date_all ''The New York Times'']
*: <cite id=refWhalen48>Robert G. Whalen, "[https://www.nytimes.com/books/97/03/09/reviews/chambers-strange.html Hiss and Chambers: Strange Story of Two Men]," December 12, 1948</cite>
*: <cite id=refSchwartz88>Stephen Schwartz, [https://www.nytimes.com/1988/01/24/books/intellectuals-and-assassins-annals-of-stalin-s-killerati.html?pagewanted=all Intellectuals and Assassins: Annals of Stalin's Killerati]," January 24, 1988</cite>
*: <cite id=refLH88>Christopher Lehmann-Haupt, "[https://www.nytimes.com/1988/05/12/books/books-of-the-times-alger-hiss-recalls-emotional-side-of-his-2-trials.html Alger Hiss Recalls Emotional Side of His 2 Trials]," May 12, 1988</cite>
*: <cite id=refCook91>Joan Cook, "[https://www.nytimes.com/1991/08/13/nyregion/john-j-abt-lawyer-dies-at-87-communist-party-counsel-in-us.html John J. Abt, Lawyer, Dies at 87]," August 13, 1991</cite>
*: <cite id=refTanenhaus93>Sam Tanenhaus, "[https://www.nytimes.com/1993/10/15/opinion/hiss-case-smoking-gun.html?pagewanted=all Hiss Case 'Smoking Gun'?]" October 15, 1993</cite>
*: <cite id=refScott96>Janny Scott, "[https://www.nytimes.com/books/97/03/09/reviews/hiss-obit.html Alger Hiss, 92, Central Figure in Long-Running Cold War Controversy]," November 16, 1996</cite>
*: <cite id=refBronner98>Ethan Bronner, "[https://www.nytimes.com/1998/10/18/weekinreview/witching-hour-rethinking-mccarthyism-if-not-mccarthy.html?pagewanted=all Witching Hour; Rethinking McCarthyism, if Not McCarthy]," October 18, 1998</cite>
*: <cite id=refBarron01>James Barron, "[https://www.nytimes.com/2001/08/16/technology/online-the-hiss-defense-doesn-t-rest.html?pagewanted=all Online, the Hiss Defense Doesn't Rest]," August 16, 2001</cite>
*: <cite id=refNYT9.5.1918>"[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9502E2DB1439E13ABC4D53DFBF668383609EDE IWW Bomb Kills Four in Chicago]," September 5, 1918</cite>
* [http://search.time.com/results.html?D=%22alger+hiss%22&sid=123AA95F951F&Ntt=%22alger+hiss%22&Ntk=WithBody2009&Ntx=mode+matchallpartial%2bsnip%2bp_body%3a25&Ns=p_date_range|0&N=0&Nty=1&srchCat=Full+Archive ''Time'' magazine]
:* <cite id=refTime11.5.45>"[http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,852408,00.html Latin America: Democracy's Bull]," November 5, 1945</cite>
:* <cite id=refTime12.20.48>"[http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,799517,00.html National Affairs: Three Rings]," December 20, 1948</cite>
:* <cite id=refTimeDuggan49>"[http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,799590,00.html Investigations: The Man in the Window]," January 3, 1949</cite>
:* <cite id=refTime7.4.49>"[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,888531,00.html The Judiciary: Your Witness, Mr. Murphy]," July 4, 1949</cite>
:* <cite id=refTime2.13.50>"[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,811892.html National Affairs: The Case of Alger Hiss]," February 13, 1950</cite>
:* <cite id=refTime3.3.52>"[http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,890230,00.html National Affairs: Another Witness]," March 3, 1952</cite>
:* <cite id=refTime75>"[http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,917670,00.html Historical Notes: The Pumpkin Papers]," August 11, 1975</cite>
:* <cite id=refMorrow96>Lance Morrow, "[http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,985608,00.html Fred Astaire Meets the Sad-Sack Dostoyevskian Pudge]," November 25, 1996</cite>
*''[http://www.nybooks.com/ The New York Review of Books]''
:* <cite id=refNYRB>Reply by Allen Weinstein, "[http://www.nybooks.com/articles/8841 The Hiss Case: An Exchange]," Vol. 23, No 9 (May 27, 1976)</cite>
:* <cite id=refNYRB2>Reply by Allen Weinstein, "[http://www.nybooks.com/articles/8747 The Hiss Case: Another Exchange!]" Vol. 23, No. 14 (September 16, 1976)</cite>
:* <cite id=refPowers2000>Thomas Powers, "[http://www.nybooks.com/articles/118 The Plot Thickens]," Vol. 47, No 8 (May 11, 2000)</cite>
* <cite id=refER48>Eleanor Roosevelt, "[http://www.gwu.edu/~erpapers/myday/displaydoc.cfm?_y=1948&_f=md001046 My Day]," ''Washington Daily News'', August 16th, 1948</cite>
* <cite id=refQA>[http://www.q-and-a.org/Transcript/?ProgramID=1242 Susan Jacoby, Author, ''Alger Hiss and the Battle for History''], “Q & A,” C-SPAN, July 26, 2009</cite>
* <cite id=refBlack06>Conrad Black, "[http://nationalinterest.org/article/the-yalta-myth-1052 The Yalta Myth]," ''The National Interest,'' September–October 2006</cite>
* <cite id=refRicher04>Matthew Richer, "[http://www.mmisi.org/ma/46_04/richer.pdf The Ongoing Campaign of Alger Hiss: The Sins of the Father]," ''Modern Age'', Vol. 46, No. 4 (Fall 2004)</cite>
* <cite id=refHKV5.09>John Earl Haynes, Harvey Klehr and Alexander Vassiliev, "[http://www.commentarymagazine.com/viewpdf.cfm?article_id=15120 I.F. Stone, Soviet Agent—Case Closed]," ''Commentary'', May 2009</cite>
* <cite id=refGuttenplan09>D.D. Guttenplan, "[http://www.thenation.com/article/red-harvest-kgb-america?page=full Red Harvest: The KGB in America]," ''The Nation'', May 25, 2009</cite>
* <cite id=refKlehr04>Harvey Klehr, "[http://www.powells.com/review/2004_02_12.html Devils in America]," ''The New Republic'', February 12, 2004</cite>
* <cite id=refHerman95>Arthur Herman, "[https://www.nationalreview.com/comment/herman200502110737.asp Under Yalta’s Shadow]," ''National Review'', February 11, 2005</cite>
* <cite id=refNovak03>Robert D. Novak, "[https://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/002/830wsuop.asp The Origins of McCarthyism: What did Harry Truman know, and when did he know it?]," ''The Weekly Standard'', Vol. 8, Issue 41 (June 30, 2003)</cite>
* <cite id=refGarvin04>Glenn Garvin, "[http://www.reason.com/news/show/29095.html Fools for Communism]," ''Reason'', April 2004</cite>
* <cite id=refRusher04>William A. Rusher, "[http://www.claremont.org/publications/crb/id.1375/article_detail.asp A Closer Look Under The Bed]," ''Claremont Review of Books'', Vol. IV, No. 4 (Fall 2004)</cite>
* Ralph De Toledano, ''Insight on the News''
:* <cite id=refToledano97>"[http://www.questia.com/library/1G1-19048238/embarrassment-aided-and-abetted-the-top-soviet-spy Embarrassment Aided and Abetted the Top Soviet Spy]," January 27, 1997</cite>
:* <cite id=refToledano01>"[http://www.questia.com/library/1G1-80900413/hiss-defenders-covering-for-the-old-man-the-last Hiss Defenders Covering for the 'Old Man']," December 17, 2001</cite>
* <cite id=refCapshaw07>Ron Capshaw, "[http://archive.frontpagemag.com/readArticle.aspx?ARTID=26415 Alger Hiss: The Left's Religious Icon]," FrontPageMagazine.com, May 4, 2007</cite>
* <cite id=refHornberger95>Jacob G. Hornberger, [http://www.fff.org/freedom/0495a.asp Repatriation — The Dark Side of World War II, Part 3], ''Freedom Daily'', April 1995</cite>
* <cite id=refMICA>[http://www.mica.edu/About_MICA/Facts_and_History/Historical_Timeline/1905-1960_A_Fresh_Start%E2%80%94Rise_of_Mount_Royal_Campus.html 1905-1960: A Fresh Start—Rise of Mount Royal Campus], Maryland Institute College of Art</cite>
* <cite id=refBLS>[https://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/cpicalc.pl Inflation Calculator], Bureau of Labor Statistics, United States Department of Labor</cite><div>

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hiss, Alger}}

{{Deep State}}
{{communism}}
[[Category:Espionage]]
[[Category:American Criminals]]
[[Category:KGB Agents and Sources]]
[[Category:United States History]]
[[Category:United States Political Scandals]]
[[Category:Featured articles]]

User:FresnoCA

2023-03-17T05:56:36Z

FresnoCA: Created page with "{{userboxtop|FresnoCA}} {{User Christian1}} {{User_Youngearth}} {{User homeschool}} {{User Israel}} {{userboxbottom|FresnoCA}}"

{{userboxtop|FresnoCA}}
{{User Christian1}}
{{User_Youngearth}}
{{User homeschool}}
{{User Israel}}
{{userboxbottom|FresnoCA}}

Talk:Major Christian websites

2023-03-17T05:32:57Z

FresnoCA: Questions regarding the inclusion of more Christian websites

==Criteria for inclusion==

Is there any Criteria for inclusion in this page? I was considering including a list of some Christian websites I am aware of.

Please see Websites for consideration below

==Bullet Point List==

Christian Magazines
* https://www.creationillustrated.com/
* https://naturefriendmagazine.com/
* https://www.icr.org/aaf
Christian News
* https://notthebee.com/
Christian Satire
* https://babylonbee.com/
Christian Research Journals
* https://answersresearchjournal.org/
* https://www.icr.org/articles/search/?f_typeID=12
Other Christian Websites
* https://www.museumofthebible.org/
==Example table of above websites ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Type of Website !! Parent Organization !! URL address
|-
| Christian News || Not the Bee || https://notthebee.com/
|-
| Christian Research Journal || [[Institute for Creation Research | Institute_for_Creation_Research]] || https://www.icr.org/articles/search/?f_typeID=12
|-
| Christian Research Journal || Answers Research Journal || answersresearchjournal.org
|-
| Example || Example || Example
|}

Daylight Savings Time

2023-03-12T17:15:45Z

FresnoCA: Added subsection ===American opinions on "Daylight Saving Time"===

{{rewrite| ''-- DISCLAMER-- The original author of this article '''''DETESTS''''' springing forward the clocks and looks forward to the '''''ABOLITION''''' of ''Daylight "Savings" Time''. Please check this article for personal opinion, thank you!''}}
"'''Daylight Savings Time'''", "'''''Daylight Saving Time'''''", or abbreviated: "''' (DST)'''", is the practice of setting clocks ''forward'' one hour from standard time for the ''[[summer]] months'', and ''back'' one hour for the ''[[winter]] months'' (vise-versa for the [[Southern Hemisphere]]). <ref> https://www.timeanddate.com/time/dst/ | Time and Date, DST </ref>

Changing the clocks ''does not create extra daylight'' but instead '''''shifts the time of sunrise and sunsets'''''. This time change can cause disruptions to our to our body clock, otherwise known as the [[circadian rhythm]].<ref>https://www.timeanddate.com/time/dst/daylight-saving-health.html Negative Health Effects of DST</ref>

Many sources erroneously credit American inventor [[Benjamin Franklin]] for first suggesting seasonal time change in a letter written in 1784. In a '''''satirical''''' letter to the editor of the Journal of [[Paris]], entitled ''“An Economical Project for Diminishing the Cost of Light,”'' Franklin did suggest that Parisians could economize [[candle]] usage by getting people out of bed earlier in the morning. However, it did not involve altering the time displayed by clocks (The integral part of today's Daylight "Saving" Time).

Daylight Savings Time is currently used in over 70 countries worldwide and affects over one billion people every year. The biannual dates for shifting the clocks vary from one country to another. <ref> https://www.timeanddate.com/time/dst/history.html | Time and Date, History of DST </ref>

==Daylight Savings Time in the United States of America==

[[Hawaii]] is the only US state that does not use DST at all.

None of the [[US Territories]] observe DST. This includes [[American Samoa]], [[Guam]], [[Puerto Rico]], [[Northern Mariana Islands]], the [[US Minor Outlying Islands]], [[Palmyra Atoll]], and the [[US Virgin Islands]].

[[Arizona]], with some exceptions such as the [[Navajo]] reservation, does not use DST. The 1967 DST trial in Arizona provoked so many negative reactions that DST was never again used there. People in Arizona, including many businesses, farming communities, and parents, preferred to remain on [[Mountain Standard Time]] throughout the year claiming that DST produced no benefits for them.

All other 48 states who have not [https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/260a exempted themselves] currently use DST as allowed in [https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid%3AUSC-2012-title15-chapter6-subchapter9&edition=2012 |15 USC Chapter 6, Subchapter Ix: Standard Time]. Any state may exempt itself from DST at any time:

"(1) any State that lies entirely within one time zone may by law exempt itself from the provisions of this subsection providing for the advancement of time, but only if that law provides that the entire State (including all political subdivisions thereof) shall observe the standard time otherwise applicable during that period, and (2) any State with parts thereof in more than one time zone may by law exempt either the entire State as provided in (1) or may exempt the entire area of the State lying within any time zone." -260a (a) of the Universal Time Act (Title 15, Chapter 6, Subchapter IX) <ref> https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/260a </ref><ref> https://uscode.house.gov/view.xhtml?req=granuleid%3AUSC-2012-title15-chapter6-subchapter9&edition=2012 </ref>

===States That Want to Remove DST by Permanently Observing DST All-year-round===
According to the [[National Conference of State Legislatures]], 19 states have enacted legislation or passed regulations for permanent DST.<ref>https://www.ncsl.org/research/transportation/daylight-savings-time-state-legislation.aspx#/</ref>

''Note: For these bills to become law, the US Congress must first pass a federal law that would allow states to observe DST year-round. This has not happened yet. The current law only allows states to opt out of DST, but not to follow it year-round.''

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! State !! Year !! State Law/Legislation !! Goal
|-
| [[Mississippi]] || 2021 || House Bill 1062<ref>https://legiscan.com/MS/bill/HB1062/2021 </ref> || Permanent DST
|-
| [[Georgia]] || 2021 || Senate Bill 100<ref>https://www.legis.ga.gov/api/legislation/document/20212022/198610</ref> || Permanent DST
|-
| [[Montana]] || 2021 || Senate Bill 254<ref>https://legiscan.com/MT/bill/SB254/2021</ref> || Permanent DST
|-
| [[Alabama]] || 2021 || Senate Bill 388<ref>https://legiscan.com/AL/text/SB388/2021 </ref>|| Permanent DST
|-
| [[Minnesota]] || 2021 || Chapter 12 amendment<ref>https://www.revisor.mn.gov/laws/2021/1/Session+Law/Chapter/12/</ref>|| Permanent DST
|-
| [[Utah]] || 2021 || Senate Bill 59<ref>https://le.utah.gov/~2020/bills/static/SB0059.html</ref>|| Permanent DST
|-
| [[South Carolina]] || 2020 || Act No. 113<ref>https://www.scstatehouse.gov/sess123_2019-2020/bills/11.htm</ref> || Permanent DST
|-
| [[Georgia]] || 2020 || House Resolution 1240<ref>http://www.legis.ga.gov/legislation/en-US/Display/20192020/HR/1240</ref> || Permanent DST
|-
| [[Idaho]] || 2020 || Senate Bill 1267<ref>https://legislature.idaho.gov/sessioninfo/2020/legislation/S1267/</ref> || Permanent DST
|-
| [[Wyoming]] || 2020 || House Bill 0044<ref>https://www.wyoleg.gov/Legislation/2020/HB0044</ref> || Permanent DST
|-
| [[Louisiana]] || 2020 || House Bill 132<ref>https://www.legis.la.gov/legis/BillInfo.aspx?s=20RS&b=HB132&sbi=y</ref> || Permanent DST
|-
| [[Delaware]] || 2019 || Senate Bill 73<ref>http://legis.delaware.gov/BillDetail?LegislationId=47353</ref> || Permanent DST
|-
| [[Maine]] || 2019 || Legislative Document 885<ref>http://legislature.maine.gov/LawMakerWeb/summary.asp?paper=HP0659&SessionID=13</ref> || Permanent DST
|-
| [[Oregon]] || 2019 || Senate Bill 320<ref>https://legiscan.com/OR/text/SB320/2019</ref> || Permanent DST
|-
| [[Washington]] || 2019 || House Bill 1196<ref>https://app.leg.wa.gov/billsummary?BillNumber=1196&Year=2019</ref> || Permanent DST
|-
| [[Tennessee]] || 2019 || Senate Bill 1100<ref>https://www.billtrack50.com/BillDetail/1057355</ref> || Permanent DST
|-
| [[Arkansas]] || 2019 || House Resolution 1034<ref>https://www.arkleg.state.ar.us/Bills/Detail?ddBienniumSession=2019%2F2019R&measureno=HR1034</ref> || Permanent DST
|-
| [[Florida]] || 2018 || Sunshine Protection Act<ref>https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/116/s670/text</ref> || Permanent DST
|-
| [[California]] || 2018 || Proposition 7<ref>https://ballotpedia.org/California_Proposition_7,_Permanent_Daylight_Saving_Time_Measure_(2018)</ref> || Permanent DST
|}
[https://www.timeanddate.com/time/us/daylight-saving-usa.html -From TimeandDate.com, Daylight Saving Time in the USA] <ref>https://www.timeanddate.com/time/us/daylight-saving-usa.html</ref>

===American opinions on "Daylight Saving Time"===

"Daylight Saving Time" is not popular in the United States. Two-thirds of U.S. citizens would "like to see the changing of the clocks eliminated, so people no longer change their clocks twice per
year".<ref>https://docs.cdn.yougov.com/sr0uo7z6a8/toplines_Daylight_Savings_Time_20220316.pdf</ref>

==See Also==
* [[Summer Solstice]]
* [[Fall Equinox]]
* [[Winter Solstice]]
* [[Spring Equinox]]
* [[Benjamin Franklin]]

==External Links==
[https://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/usa DST in the United States of America]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Chronology]]
[[Category:Measurements]]

Titles of Nobility Amendment

2023-03-06T00:25:29Z

FresnoCA: Added comparison to the similar Twenty-Seventh Amendment.

The '''Titles of Nobility Amendment''' to the U.S. Constitution was approved by the 11th Congress on May 1, 1810, and submitted to the state legislatures for ratification. Its purpose was to strip United States citizenship from any citizen who accepted a title of nobility from a foreign country. Without this amendment, the Constitution just prohibits the United States and its state governments from issuing titles of nobility without covering titles granted by foreign nations.

The proposed amendment reads:
----
{{cquote|If any citizen of the United States shall accept, claim, receive or retain, any title of nobility or honour, or shall, without the consent of Congress, accept and retain any present, pension, office or emolument of any kind whatever, from any emperor, king, prince or foreign power, such person shall cease to be a citizen of the United States, and shall be incapable of holding any office of trust or profit under them, or either of them.}}
----
Twice between 1812 and 1816 the amendment was within two states of being ratified. However, as more states joined the Union, the amendment fell further behind the number of states needed for approval. Congress did not set a time limit for its ratification, and the amendment is still technically pending before the states just as the [[Twenty-Seventh Amendment]] before its ratification.

==See Also==
*[[Twenty-Seventh Amendment]]

[[Category:United States Constitution]]

Twenty-Seventh Amendment

2023-03-06T00:17:55Z

FresnoCA: Added Reference to the similar the Titles of Nobility Amendment

The text of the '''Twenty-Seventh Amendment''' reads:
----

No law, varying the compensation for the services of the Senators and Representatives, shall take effect, until an election of Representatives shall have intervened.

----

Twelve amendments were originally proposed on September 25, 1789. Ten of those were ratified as the Bill of Rights, but this proposed amendment remained unratified until 1992. No one has challenged whether the delay of over 200 years was too long a period for ratification to occur. Other unratified amendments such as the [[Titles of Nobility Amendment]] are still pending for this same reason. Most modern amendments have, written into the bill, a time limit on ratification.

Seven states had ratified this amendment by 1792, and the remaining states did not ratify until [[Ohio]] voted on May 6, 1873 as a protest to the 1873 "Salary Grab Act". On March 6, 1978, [[Wyoming]] voted to ratify it as a protest to a Congressional pay raise. The proposed amendment remained largely forgotten until [[Gregory Watson]], a University of Texas undergraduate, wrote a paper on the subject in 1982.<ref name="fordham">{{cite journal|last=Bernstein|first=Richard B.|authorlink=Richard B. Bernstein|url=http://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3017&context=flr|title=The Sleeper Wakes: The History and Legacy of the Twenty-Seventh Amendment|journal=[[Fordham Law Review]]|volume=61|number=3|year=1992|pages=497–557|accessdate=June 9, 2013}}</ref> Watson then spent years campaigning with state legislatures to secure the necessary additional states to ratify the amendment. The [[Congressional Apportionment Amendment]] (the other amendment that was left unratified from the Bill of Rights) is still pending and can be enacted if sufficient other states approve it.

==See Also==
*[[Titles of Nobility Amendment]]

==References==
<references/>

{{US amendments}}

[[Category:United States Constitution]]

National Institutes of Health

2022-03-16T05:00:18Z

FresnoCA: /* National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) */

[[Image:NIH main logo.gif|right]]
'''National Institutes of Health''' is the steward of medical and behavioral research for the United States. Its mission is science in pursuit of fundamental knowledge about the nature and behavior of living systems and the application of that knowledge to extend healthy life and reduce the burdens of illness and disability.

The NIH campus is located in [[Bethesda]], [[Maryland]], just 10 miles from the center of [[Washington, D.C]].

==Offices==

[[Image:NIH logo.gif|left]]
===The Office of the Director (OD)===
The [http://www.nih.gov/icd/od/index.htm Office of the Director] is the central office at NIH for its 27 Institutes and Centers. The OD is responsible for setting policy for NIH and for planning, managing, and coordinating the programs and activities of all the NIH components. OD's program offices include the Office of AIDS Research and the Office of Research on Women's Health, among others.

==NIH Institutes==

[[Image:NCI logo.gif|left]]
===[[National Cancer Institute]] (NCI)===
[http://www.cancer.gov/ NCI] leads a national effort to eliminate the suffering and death due to cancer. Through basic and clinical biomedical research and training, NCI conducts and supports research that will lead to a future in which we can prevent cancer before it starts, identify cancers that do develop at the earliest stage, eliminate cancers through innovative treatment interventions, and biologically control those cancers that we cannot eliminate so they become manageable, chronic diseases.

[[Image:NEI logo.gif|left]]
===[[National Eye Institute]] (NEI)===
[http://www.nei.nih.gov/ NEI] conducts and supports research that helps prevent and treat eye diseases and other disorders of vision. This research leads to sight-saving treatments, reduces visual impairment and blindness, and improves the quality of life for people of all ages. NEI-supported research has advanced our knowledge of how the eye functions in health and disease.

[[Image:NHLBI logo.gif|left]]
===[[National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute]] (NHLBI)===
[http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/ NHLBI] provides leadership for a national program in diseases of the heart, blood vessels, lung, and blood; blood resources; and sleep disorders. Since October 1997, the NHLBI has also had administrative responsibility for the NIH Woman's Health Initiative. The Institute plans, conducts, fosters, and supports an integrated and coordinated program of basic research, clinical investigations and trials, observational studies, and demonstration and education projects.

[[Image:NHGRI logo.gif|left]]
===[[National Human Genome Research Institute]] (NHGRI)===
[http://www.genome.gov/ NHGRI] supports the NIH component of the Human Genome Project, a worldwide research effort designed to analyze the structure of human DNA and determine the location of the estimated 30,000 to 40,000 human genes. The NHGRI Intramural Research Program develops and implements technology for understanding, diagnosing, and treating genetic diseases.

[[Image:NIA logo.gif|left]]
===[[National Institute on Aging]] (NIA)===
[http://www.nia.nih.gov/ NIA] leads a national program of research on the biomedical, social, and behavioral aspects of the aging process; the prevention of age-related diseases and disabilities; and the promotion of a better quality of life for all older Americans.

[[Image:NIAAA logo.gif|left]]
===[[National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism]] (NIAAA)===
[http://www.niaaa.nih.gov/ NIAAA] conducts research focused on improving the treatment and prevention of alcoholism and alcohol-related problems to reduce the enormous health, social, and economic consequences of this disease.

[[Image:NIAID logo.gif|left]]
===[[Anthony Fauci| National Institute of Allergies and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)]]===
[http://www3.niaid.nih.gov/ NIAID] research strives to understand, treat, and ultimately prevent the myriad infectious, immunologic, and allergic diseases that threaten millions of human lives. Dr. [[Anthony Fauci]] is the current head of the NIAID and presided over the NIAID during the [[CCP virus in the United States|CCP virus pandemic]] and the [[Coronavirus coverup]]. [[Kentucky]] Senator [[Rand Paul]] has suggested to breakup the [[Anthony Fauci| National Institute of Allergies and Infectious Diseases]] into three separate branches. {{See also| The Michael Knowles Federal Public Health Protection Pledge}}

[[Image:NIAMS logo.gif|left]]

===[[National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases]] (NIAMS)===
[http://www.niams.nih.gov/ NIAMS] supports research into the causes, treatment, and prevention of arthritis and musculoskeletal and skin diseases, the training of basic and clinical scientists to carry out this research, and the dissemiUnited States of information on research progress in these diseases.

[[Image:NIBIB logo.jpg|left]]
===[[National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering]] (NIBIB)===
[http://www.nibib.nih.gov/ NIBIB] improves health by promoting fundamental discoveries, design and development, and translation and assessment of technological capabilities in biomedical imaging and bioengineering, enabled by relevant areas of information science, physics, chemistry, mathematics, materials science, and computer sciences.

[[Image:NICHD logo.gif|left]]
===[[National Institute of Child Health and Human Development]] (NICHD)===
[http://www.nichd.nih.gov/ NICHD] NICHD research on fertility, pregnancy, growth, development, and medical rehabilitation strives to ensure that every child is born healthy and wanted and grows up free from disease and disability.

[[Image:NIDCD logo.jpg|left]]
===[[National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders]] (NIDCD)===
[http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/ NIDCD] conducts and supports biomedical research and research training on normal mechanisms as well as diseases and disorders of hearing, balance, smell, taste, voice, speech, and language that affect 46 million Americans.

[[Image:NIDCR logo.gif|left]]
===[[National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research]] (NIDCR)===
[http://www.nidcr.nih.gov/ NIDCR] provides leadership for a national research program designed to understand, treat, and ultimately prevent the infectious and inherited craniofacial-oral-dental diseases and disorders that compromise millions of human lives.

[[Image:NIDDK logo.gif|left]]
===[[National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases]] (NIDDK)===
[http://www2.niddk.nih.gov/ NIDDK] conducts and supports basic and applied research and provides leadership for a national program in diabetes, endocrinology, and metabolic diseases; digestive diseases and nutrition; and kidney, urologic, and hematologic diseases. Several of these diseases are among the leading causes of disability and death; all seriously affect the quality of life of those who have them.

[[Image:NIDA logo.gif|left]]
===[[National Institute on Drug Abuse]] (NIDA)===
[http://www.nida.nih.gov/ NIDA] leads the United States in bringing the power of science to bear on drug abuse and addiction through support and conduct of research across a broad range of disciplines and rapid and effective dissemiUnited States of results of that research to improve drug abuse and addiction prevention, treatment, and policy.

[[Image:NIEHS logo.gif|left]]
===[[National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences]] (NIEHS)===
[http://www.niehs.nih.gov/ NIEHS] reduces the burden of human illness and dysfunction from environmental causes by, defining how environmental exposures, genetic susceptibility, and age interact to affect an individual's health.

[[Image:NIGMS logo.jpg|left]]
===[[National Institute of General Medical Sciences]] (NIGMS)===
[http://www.nigms.nih.gov/ NIGMS] supports basic biomedical research that is not targeted to specific diseases. NIGMS funds studies on genes, proteins, and cells, as well as on fundamental processes like communication within and between cells, how our bodies use energy, and how we respond to medicines. The results of this research increase our understanding of life and lay the foundation for advances in disease diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. NIGMS also supports research training programs that produce the next generation of biomedical scientists, and it has special programs to encourage underrepresented minorities to pursue biomedical research careers.

[[Image:NIMH logo.jpg|left]]
===[[National Institute of Mental Health]] (NIMH)===
[http://www.nimh.nih.gov/ NIMH] provides national leadership dedicated to understanding, treating, and preventing mental illnesses through basic research on the brain and behavior, and through clinical, epidemiological, and services research.

[[Image:NINDS logo.gif|left]]
===[[National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke]] (NINDS)===
The mission of the [http://www.ninds.nih.gov/ NINDS] is to reduce the burden of neurological diseases—a burden borne by every age group, every segment of society, and people all over the world. To accomplish this goal the NINDS supports and conducts research, both basic and clinical, on the normal and diseased nervous system, fosters the training of investigators in the basic and clinical neurosciences, and seeks better understanding, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of neurological disorders.

[[Image:NINR logo.gif|left]]
===[[National Institute of Nursing Research]] (NINR)===
[http://www.ninr.nih.gov/ NINR] supports clinical and basic research to establish a scientific basis for the care of individuals across the life span—from the management of patients during illness and recovery to the reduction of risks for disease and disability; the promotion of healthy lifestyles; the promotion of quality of life in those with chronic illness; and the care for individuals at the end of life. This research may also include families within a community context, and it also focuses on the special needs of at-risk and under-served populations, with an emphasis on health disparities.

[[Image:NLM logo.gif|left]]
===[[National Library of Medicine]] (NLM)===
[http://www.nlm.nih.gov/ NLM] collects, organizes, and makes available biomedical science information to scientists, health professionals, and the public. The Library's Web-based databases, including [[PubMed]]/Medline and MedlinePlus, are used extensively around the world. NLM conducts and supports research in biomedical communications; creates information resources for molecular biology, biotechnology, toxicology, and environmental health; and provides grant and contract support for training, medical library resources, and biomedical informatics and communications research.

==NIH Centers==

[[Image:CIT logo.gif|left]]
===[[Center for Information Technology]] (CIT formerly DCRT, OIRM, TCB)===
[http://www.cit.nih.gov/ CIT] incorporates the power of modern computers into the biomedical programs and administrative procedures of the NIH by focusing on three primary activities: conducting-computational biosciences research, developing computer systems, and providing computer facilities.

[[Image:CSR logo.gif|left]]
===[[Center for Scientific Review]] (CSR)===
[http://cms.csr.nih.gov/ CSR] is the focal point at NIH for the conduct of initial peer review, the foundation of the NIH grant and award process. The Center carries out peer review of the majority of research and research training applications submitted to the NIH. In addition, the Center serves as the central receipt point for all such Public Health Service (PHS) applications and makes referrals to scientific review groups for scientific and technical merit review of applications and to funding components for potential award. To this end, the Center develops and implements innovative, flexible ways to conduct referral and review for all aspects of science.

[[Image:FIC logo.gif|left]]
===[[John E. Fogarty International Center for Advanced Study in the Health Sciences]] (FIC)===
FIC promotes and supports scientific research and training internationally to reduce disparities in global health.

[[Image:NCCAM logo.gif|left]]
===[[National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine]] (NCCAM)===
[http://nccam.nih.gov/ NCCAM] is dedicated to exploring complementary and alternative medical (CAM) practices in the context of rigorous science; training CAM researchers and disseminating authoritative information.

[[Image:NCMHD logo.gif|left]]
===[[National Center on Minority Health and Health Disparities]] (NCMHD)===
The mission of [http://www.ncmhd.nih.gov/ NCMHD] is to promote minority health and to lead, coordinate, support, and assess the NIH effort to reduce and ultimately eliminate health disparities. In this effort NCMHD will conduct and support basic, clinical, social, and behavioral research, promote research infrastructure and training, foster emerging programs, disseminate information, and reach out to minority and other health disparity communities.

[[Image:NCRR logo.gif|left]]
===[[National Center for Research Resources]] (NCRR)===
[http://www.ncrr.nih.gov/ NCRR] provides laboratory scientists and clinical researchers with the environments and tools they need to understand, detect, treat, and prevent a wide range of diseases. With this support, scientists make biomedical discoveries, translate these findings to animal-based studies, and then apply them to patient-orientated research.

[[Image:CC logo.gif|left]]
===[[NIH Clinical Center]] (CC)===
[http://clinicalcenter.nih.gov/ CC] is the clinical research facility of the National Institutes of Health. As a national resource, it provides the patient care, services, and environment needed to initiate and support the highest quality conduct of and training in clinical research.

==External links==
*[http://www.nih.gov/ Official Website]

[[Category:United States Government Agencies]]

Michael Shellenberger

2022-03-13T22:29:14Z

FresnoCA: Created Michael Shellenberger

{{Image request|https://static1.squarespace.com/static/56a45d683b0be33df885def6/t/5b91981003ce64e52c367d2c/1536268312001/shellenberger_0021+%281%29.jpg|Michael Shellenberger}}
'''Michael Shellenberger''' is is the best-selling author of ''[[San Francisco|San Fransicko]]: Why [[Progressives]] Ruin Cities'' (HarperCollins 2021) and ''Apocalypse Never: Why [[Environmental Alarmism]] Hurts Us All'' (HarperCollins 2020).
He is [https://environmentalprogress.org/founder-president founder and president of Environmental Progress], an independent nonprofit research organization that incubates ideas, leaders, and movements.

He is a leading investigative journalist who has broken [https://michaelshellenberger.substack.com/p/why-san-francisco-is-denying-reality?s=r major stories on crime and drug policy]; homelessness; Amazon deforestation; [https://www.forbes.com/sites/michaelshellenberger/2019/11/25/why-everything-they-say-about-climate-change-is-wrong/ rising climate resilience]; [https://www.forbes.com/sites/michaelshellenberger/2019/12/04/why-climate-alarmism-hurts-us-all/ growing eco-anxiety]; the U.S. government’s role in the [[fracking]] revolution; and [https://www.forbes.com/sites/michaelshellenberger/2019/11/04/why-everything-they-say-about-california-fires--including-that-climate-matters-most--is-wrong/ climate change and California’s fires].

Mr. Shellenberger is also the cofounder of the [https://www.californiapeacecoalition.org/ California Peace Coalition], a nonpartisan alliance of parents of children killed by [[fentanyl]], parents of homeless addicts, and recovering addicts that advocates against [[Drug abuse|drug deaths]]

Shellenberger has been a climate and environmental activist for over 30 years. He has helped save [[nuclear]] reactors around the world, from Illinois and New York to South Korea and Taiwan, thereby preventing an increase in air pollution equivalent to adding over 24 million cars to the road. <ref>https://michaelshellenberger.org/</ref>.

== See Also ==
*[[Nuclear Energy]]
*[[Climate]]
*[[Anthropogenic climate change]]
*[[Environmental alarmism]]
*[[Eco-anxiety]]

== External Links ==
*[https://michaelshellenberger.org/ MichaelShellenberger.org]
*[https://environmentalprogress.org/ EnvironmentalProgress.org]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Pro nuclear]]

Climate agenda

2022-03-13T22:04:49Z

FresnoCA: Added Link

<center><big>{{days until|2029|12|31}} Days Until Final Destruction of the Planet'''</big></center>
'''Climate change''' is the new name used by [[liberal]]s for their [[global warming]] hoax, which they coined as it became obvious that there is no crisis in global warming. The modification in terminology is identical to what [[liberals]] did in redefining "evolution" to be "change over time," which of course is a meaningless expression just as "climate change" is. Numerous past predictions of climatic catastrophes have failed to hold up.<ref>Multiple references:
*Lott, Maxim (March 19, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/science/10-times-experts-predicted-the-world-would-end-by-now 10 times 'experts' predicted the world would end by now]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved March 20, 2019.
*[https://www.wsj.com/articles/notable-quotable-the-art-of-climate-science-11552002661 Notable & Quotable: The Art of Climate Science]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. March 7, 2019. Retrieved March 20, 2019.
*Lott, Maxim (May 28, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/science/five-most-over-the-top-climate-warnings Five most over-the-top climate warnings]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved May 28, 2019.
See also:
*Lifson, Thomas (March 8, 2019). [https://www.lifesitenews.com/opinion/peer-reviewed-study-shows-majority-of-scientists-skeptical-of-global-warming-disaster-predictions Shhhh! Nobody tell Ocasio-Cortez scientists are skeptical of global warming]. ''LifeSiteNews''. Retrieved March 20, 2019.</ref>

While on the one hand, [[secular]] scientists (and those who believe in a [[old earth]]) claim "'''''Climate change occurs naturally'''''" in repeated cycles of cooling and warming (known as the Milankovitch theory), they occasionally argue that man-made climate change can occur and is more impactful. {{See also|Ice Age}} (a period of cold [[atmosphere|atmospheric]] worldwide temperatures and intense [[precipitation]] that followed the [[Noah's Flood|the world wide flood]])

Many writers have been urging America to fund an ill-conceived initiative to "stop global warming" as if warmer nights or winters would make human life more difficult. The term "climate change" has largely replaced the term "global warming", in ideological discussions.

Ideologues insist that the world's top scientists have reached a "consensus" that most of the warming which land-based weather stations have recorded in the last century is due to human activity. The basis for this claim is a set of reports published by the [[IPCC]], an agency of the United Nations. The assumption is that the government-appointed representatives who run the IPCC would be completely objective and neutral, and would place finding and revealing the truth ahead of any nationalistic interests.

A lot of money is spent publicizing one side's position in the debate:
* ''Newsweek'' purports to take readers inside the world of “Global-Warming Deniers: A Well-Funded Machine” without mentioning that the global-warming alarmists are even better funded, in some cases with government support. [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2007/aug/15/the-hottest-year-1934/]

Journalists omit mention of key scientific points:

* Good news is no news, which is why the mainstream media largely ignores all studies showing net benefits of climate change. [http://wattsupwiththat.com/2013/10/17/the-good-side-of-climate-change/]

Ideologues use all sorts of tricks to convince the general public to support them on the climate change issue. A perennial favorite is to trumpet the current year as the "[[warmest year on record]]", as if one [[outlier]] denotes a [[trend]]. Probably the most insidious kind of trick is to accuse objective people of cherry-picking and censorship, while hypocritically doing just that themselves.

The allegedly harmful effects of climate change include warming temperatures, changing weather patterns, an increase in sea level and in general any climate event affected by global warming.<ref>http://chaser.env.nagoya-u.ac.jp/~kengo/lec/IPCC_TAR-FRONT.pdf</ref> Climate change is one of the top [[Environmental Issues|environmental issues]], with [[liberal]]s and [[conservative]]s evenly divided on whether [[global warming]] is man-made or, if it is significantly occurring, is a natural event — along with [[global cooling]]. By 2019, voters were increasingly rejecting radical climate change policies.<ref>Burnett, H. Sterling (May 18, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/opinion/op-eds/around-the-world-backlash-against-expensive-climate-change-policies Around the world, backlash against expensive climate-change policies]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved May 18, 2019.</ref>

Jack M. Hollander wrote:
*The planet has warmed since the mid-1800s, but before that it cooled for more than five centuries. Cycles of warming and cooling have been part of Earth's natural [[climate history]] for millions of years. So what is the [[global warming debate]] about? It's about the proposition that human use of [[fossil fuels]] has contributed significantly to the past century's warming, and that expected future warming may have catastrophic global consequences. But hard evidence for this human contribution simply does not exist; the evidence we have is suggestive at best. Does that mean the human effects are not occurring? Not necessarily. But [[Climategate media coverage#Climategate media coverage|media coverage]] of global warming has been so alarmist that it fails to convey how flimsy the evidence really is. Most people don't realize that many strong statements about a human contribution to global warming are based more on [[politics]] than on [[science]]. Indeed, the climate change issue has become so highly [[Politicization of science|politicized]] that its scientific and political aspects are now almost indistinguishable.<ref>http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/summary_0199-2875898_ITM Global Warming: Both Sides</ref>

==Questions==
#What is the most important greenhouse gas?
#*AGW proponents say it's [[carbon dioxide]]
#*A peer-reviewed scientific paper says it's [[water vapor]]<ref>[http://thejll.com/Frascati/ReichelThejllLassenSCL.pdf "Water vapor is the most important greenhouse gas ..."]</ref>
#What is the role of clouds?
#*Low-altitude clouds reflect some of the sun's radiation back into the atmosphere, cooling the earth. It's not yet known whether global warming will dissipate clouds, which would effectively speed up the process of climate change, or increase [[cloud cover]], which would slow it down. [http://www.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1912448,00.html#ixzz1EyuBDJo1]
#What are the uncertainties in understanding climatic change?
#*The UN's climate panel said recently there is '''a 90% chance''' that most of the last 50 to 100 years of global warming are due to human activity
#*[[Sallie Baliunas]] points out that the same climate panel also said, "Our ability to quantify the human influence on global climate is limited because the expected signal is still emerging from the noise of natural variability, and because there are uncertainties in key factors" [http://oldfraser.lexi.net/publications/books/g_warming/solar.html]

==Links==
*[[cloud cover]]
*[[ice age]]

==Hypocrisy==

Many times, AGW advocates pay lip service to general principles which they themselves violate, while broadcasting false accusations that their opponents are violating these principles. The AGW side has made every effort to censor their opponents, heaping enormous pressure on scientists and other academics to silence them. Accordingly, the US media gave great publicity to [[James Hansen]] when he accused NASA of trying to silence him.<ref>Hansen "shot to fame when he accused the administration of trying to censor his views on climate change" [http://www.dailytech.com/Blogger+finds+Y2K+bug+in+NASA+Climate+Data/article8383.htm]</ref>

==Environmentalism and climate change==
The main contention of [[environmentalist]]s like [[Al Gore]] is the argument that:
#The earth's atmosphere warmed one or two degrees Fahrenheit (0.8 Centigrade) during the 20th century.
#Most of this warming is man-made.
#The warming is likely to continue and to be harmful to human, animal and plant life.
#We must all work together to stop it by reducing emission of [[greenhouse gases]].

==Science and climate change==

Jack M. Hollander wrote:
<blockquote>... climate change remains a fascinating and important scientific subject. Climate dynamics and climate history are extraordinarily complex, and despite intensive study for decades, scientists are not yet able to explain satisfactorily such basic phenomena as extreme weather events ([[hurricane]]s, [[tornado]]es, [[drought]]s), El Nino variations, historical [[climate cycles]], and trends of [[atmospheric temperature]]s. The scientific uncertainties about all these matters are great, and not surprisingly, competent scientists disagree in their interpretations of what is and is not known.<ref>http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/summary_0199-2875898_ITM</ref></blockquote>

William Happer wrote:
<blockquote>The current debates about global climate change are complicated by our not understanding the physics of the sun or of the earth’s atmosphere and oceans well enough to dismiss them as major causes of climate change on the earth. Dramatic climate changes like the [[medieval warm period]] at the time of the [[Viking]] settlements of [[Iceland]] and [[Greenland]] from about a.d. 900 to 1250, and the subsequent “[[little ice age]],” from about 1250 to 1700, which led to extinction of the Greenland settlements, were certainly not caused by manmade changes in the concentration of [[carbon dioxide]] in the atmosphere.<ref>http://media.hoover.org/documents/0817939326_27.pdf</ref></blockquote>

One of the major problems with many scientists' conclusions about climate change is a misunderstanding of [[correlation]] versus [[causation]]. Some studies show correlations between increasing concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases and increasing [[precipitation]], and between human activity and atmospheric greenhouse gases, and then go so far as to conclude that humans are causing increased rain, snow, and catastrophic flooding.<ref>Gillis, Justin. "Study Links Rise in Rain and Snow to Human Actions." ''The New York Times'', February 16, 2011. https://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/17/science/earth/17extreme.html?_r=2&ref=science</ref><ref>Schiermeier, Quirin. "Increased Flood Risk Linked to Global Warming." 2011. ''Nature'', Vol. 470, p. 316. http://www.nature.com/news/2011/110216/full/470316a.html</ref> Correlation does not imply causation. This is especially true considering the relatively short periods of data used (a few decades at most) compared to the Earth's age, and the fact that weather patterns have been cyclic throughout history (see [[climate cycles]]).

==History of Climate Change vs. Global Warming==
The term climate change has its origins several decades ago when physicist Gilbert Plass published a study called ''The Carbon Dioxide Theory of Climatic Change'' in 1956.<ref>http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.2153-3490.1956.tb01206.x/abstract</ref>
In this study, Plass postulated the release of CO2 into the atmosphere by industrial and other human activities may have caused the temperature rise noticed in the twentieth century.

The term global warming was first thought to be used by Wallace Broecker, a geochemist from [[Columbia University]]'s Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory. His paper, ''Climatic Change: Are We on the Brink of a Pronounced Global Warming?'' <ref>http://blogs.ei.columbia.edu/files/2009/10/broeckerglobalwarming75.pdf</ref> acknowledged the scenario of global warming, though there was a common acknowledgement that airborne aerosols may cause global cooling.

A National Academy of Science study of carbon dioxide's impact on climate published in 1979 also used the term global warming to refer to surface temperature change.<ref>http://www.atmos.ucla.edu/~brianpm/download/charney_report.pdf</ref> Jule Charney of the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] in Cambridge declared: "If carbon dioxide continues to increase, we find no reason to doubt that climate changes will result and no reason to believe that these changes will be negligible.” Climate change was still used to refer to the other changes thought to be caused by increased CO2.

==Further reading==
* [http://www.worldwatch.org/files/pdf/CCRG.pdf Climate Change Reference Guide]
* [http://www.who.int/heli/risks/climate/climatedirectory/en/index1.html Climate change: directory of references/resources]
* [https://www.ncei.noaa.gov National Climatic Data Center]
* [http://www.realclimate.org/ Real Climate]
* [http://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/ IPCC Fifth Assessment Report]
* [http://www.thegwpf.com/ The Global Warming Policy Forum]

==See also==
*[[Anthropogenic global warming]]
*[[War on Science]]
*[[Michael Shellenberger|APOCALYPSE NEVER]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/summary_0199-2875898_ITM Global warming: both sides]
*[http://www.no-carbon-tax.org Australian Anti-Climate Hypocrisy Site]

{{Climategate scandal}}
{{communism}}
[[Category:Environmentalism]]
[[Category:Climate Change]]
[[Category:Liberal Falsehoods]]

Climate agenda

2022-03-13T22:02:36Z

FresnoCA: Rewording

<center><big>{{days until|2029|12|31}} Days Until Final Destruction of the Planet'''</big></center>
'''Climate change''' is the new name used by [[liberal]]s for their [[global warming]] hoax, which they coined as it became obvious that there is no crisis in global warming. The modification in terminology is identical to what [[liberals]] did in redefining "evolution" to be "change over time," which of course is a meaningless expression just as "climate change" is. Numerous past predictions of climatic catastrophes have failed to hold up.<ref>Multiple references:
*Lott, Maxim (March 19, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/science/10-times-experts-predicted-the-world-would-end-by-now 10 times 'experts' predicted the world would end by now]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved March 20, 2019.
*[https://www.wsj.com/articles/notable-quotable-the-art-of-climate-science-11552002661 Notable & Quotable: The Art of Climate Science]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. March 7, 2019. Retrieved March 20, 2019.
*Lott, Maxim (May 28, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/science/five-most-over-the-top-climate-warnings Five most over-the-top climate warnings]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved May 28, 2019.
See also:
*Lifson, Thomas (March 8, 2019). [https://www.lifesitenews.com/opinion/peer-reviewed-study-shows-majority-of-scientists-skeptical-of-global-warming-disaster-predictions Shhhh! Nobody tell Ocasio-Cortez scientists are skeptical of global warming]. ''LifeSiteNews''. Retrieved March 20, 2019.</ref>

While on the one hand, [[secular]] scientists (and those who believe in a [[old earth]]) claim "'''''Climate change occurs naturally'''''" in repeated cycles of cooling and warming (known as the Milankovitch theory), they occasionally argue that man-made climate change can occur and is more impactful. {{See also|Ice Age}} (a period of cold [[atmosphere|atmospheric]] worldwide temperatures and intense [[precipitation]] that followed the [[Noah's Flood|the world wide flood]])

Many writers have been urging America to fund an ill-conceived initiative to "stop global warming" as if warmer nights or winters would make human life more difficult. The term "climate change" has largely replaced the term "global warming", in ideological discussions.

Ideologues insist that the world's top scientists have reached a "consensus" that most of the warming which land-based weather stations have recorded in the last century is due to human activity. The basis for this claim is a set of reports published by the [[IPCC]], an agency of the United Nations. The assumption is that the government-appointed representatives who run the IPCC would be completely objective and neutral, and would place finding and revealing the truth ahead of any nationalistic interests.

A lot of money is spent publicizing one side's position in the debate:
* ''Newsweek'' purports to take readers inside the world of “Global-Warming Deniers: A Well-Funded Machine” without mentioning that the global-warming alarmists are even better funded, in some cases with government support. [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2007/aug/15/the-hottest-year-1934/]

Journalists omit mention of key scientific points:

* Good news is no news, which is why the mainstream media largely ignores all studies showing net benefits of climate change. [http://wattsupwiththat.com/2013/10/17/the-good-side-of-climate-change/]

Ideologues use all sorts of tricks to convince the general public to support them on the climate change issue. A perennial favorite is to trumpet the current year as the "[[warmest year on record]]", as if one [[outlier]] denotes a [[trend]]. Probably the most insidious kind of trick is to accuse objective people of cherry-picking and censorship, while hypocritically doing just that themselves.

The allegedly harmful effects of climate change include warming temperatures, changing weather patterns, an increase in sea level and in general any climate event affected by global warming.<ref>http://chaser.env.nagoya-u.ac.jp/~kengo/lec/IPCC_TAR-FRONT.pdf</ref> Climate change is one of the top [[Environmental Issues|environmental issues]], with [[liberal]]s and [[conservative]]s evenly divided on whether [[global warming]] is man-made or, if it is significantly occurring, is a natural event — along with [[global cooling]]. By 2019, voters were increasingly rejecting radical climate change policies.<ref>Burnett, H. Sterling (May 18, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/opinion/op-eds/around-the-world-backlash-against-expensive-climate-change-policies Around the world, backlash against expensive climate-change policies]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved May 18, 2019.</ref>

Jack M. Hollander wrote:
*The planet has warmed since the mid-1800s, but before that it cooled for more than five centuries. Cycles of warming and cooling have been part of Earth's natural [[climate history]] for millions of years. So what is the [[global warming debate]] about? It's about the proposition that human use of [[fossil fuels]] has contributed significantly to the past century's warming, and that expected future warming may have catastrophic global consequences. But hard evidence for this human contribution simply does not exist; the evidence we have is suggestive at best. Does that mean the human effects are not occurring? Not necessarily. But [[Climategate media coverage#Climategate media coverage|media coverage]] of global warming has been so alarmist that it fails to convey how flimsy the evidence really is. Most people don't realize that many strong statements about a human contribution to global warming are based more on [[politics]] than on [[science]]. Indeed, the climate change issue has become so highly [[Politicization of science|politicized]] that its scientific and political aspects are now almost indistinguishable.<ref>http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/summary_0199-2875898_ITM Global Warming: Both Sides</ref>

==Questions==
#What is the most important greenhouse gas?
#*AGW proponents say it's [[carbon dioxide]]
#*A peer-reviewed scientific paper says it's [[water vapor]]<ref>[http://thejll.com/Frascati/ReichelThejllLassenSCL.pdf "Water vapor is the most important greenhouse gas ..."]</ref>
#What is the role of clouds?
#*Low-altitude clouds reflect some of the sun's radiation back into the atmosphere, cooling the earth. It's not yet known whether global warming will dissipate clouds, which would effectively speed up the process of climate change, or increase [[cloud cover]], which would slow it down. [http://www.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1912448,00.html#ixzz1EyuBDJo1]
#What are the uncertainties in understanding climatic change?
#*The UN's climate panel said recently there is '''a 90% chance''' that most of the last 50 to 100 years of global warming are due to human activity
#*[[Sallie Baliunas]] points out that the same climate panel also said, "Our ability to quantify the human influence on global climate is limited because the expected signal is still emerging from the noise of natural variability, and because there are uncertainties in key factors" [http://oldfraser.lexi.net/publications/books/g_warming/solar.html]

==Links==
*[[cloud cover]]
*[[ice age]]

==Hypocrisy==

Many times, AGW advocates pay lip service to general principles which they themselves violate, while broadcasting false accusations that their opponents are violating these principles. The AGW side has made every effort to censor their opponents, heaping enormous pressure on scientists and other academics to silence them. Accordingly, the US media gave great publicity to [[James Hansen]] when he accused NASA of trying to silence him.<ref>Hansen "shot to fame when he accused the administration of trying to censor his views on climate change" [http://www.dailytech.com/Blogger+finds+Y2K+bug+in+NASA+Climate+Data/article8383.htm]</ref>

==Environmentalism and climate change==
The main contention of [[environmentalist]]s like [[Al Gore]] is the argument that:
#The earth's atmosphere warmed one or two degrees Fahrenheit (0.8 Centigrade) during the 20th century.
#Most of this warming is man-made.
#The warming is likely to continue and to be harmful to human, animal and plant life.
#We must all work together to stop it by reducing emission of [[greenhouse gases]].

==Science and climate change==

Jack M. Hollander wrote:
<blockquote>... climate change remains a fascinating and important scientific subject. Climate dynamics and climate history are extraordinarily complex, and despite intensive study for decades, scientists are not yet able to explain satisfactorily such basic phenomena as extreme weather events ([[hurricane]]s, [[tornado]]es, [[drought]]s), El Nino variations, historical [[climate cycles]], and trends of [[atmospheric temperature]]s. The scientific uncertainties about all these matters are great, and not surprisingly, competent scientists disagree in their interpretations of what is and is not known.<ref>http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/summary_0199-2875898_ITM</ref></blockquote>

William Happer wrote:
<blockquote>The current debates about global climate change are complicated by our not understanding the physics of the sun or of the earth’s atmosphere and oceans well enough to dismiss them as major causes of climate change on the earth. Dramatic climate changes like the [[medieval warm period]] at the time of the [[Viking]] settlements of [[Iceland]] and [[Greenland]] from about a.d. 900 to 1250, and the subsequent “[[little ice age]],” from about 1250 to 1700, which led to extinction of the Greenland settlements, were certainly not caused by manmade changes in the concentration of [[carbon dioxide]] in the atmosphere.<ref>http://media.hoover.org/documents/0817939326_27.pdf</ref></blockquote>

One of the major problems with many scientists' conclusions about climate change is a misunderstanding of [[correlation]] versus [[causation]]. Some studies show correlations between increasing concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases and increasing [[precipitation]], and between human activity and atmospheric greenhouse gases, and then go so far as to conclude that humans are causing increased rain, snow, and catastrophic flooding.<ref>Gillis, Justin. "Study Links Rise in Rain and Snow to Human Actions." ''The New York Times'', February 16, 2011. https://www.nytimes.com/2011/02/17/science/earth/17extreme.html?_r=2&ref=science</ref><ref>Schiermeier, Quirin. "Increased Flood Risk Linked to Global Warming." 2011. ''Nature'', Vol. 470, p. 316. http://www.nature.com/news/2011/110216/full/470316a.html</ref> Correlation does not imply causation. This is especially true considering the relatively short periods of data used (a few decades at most) compared to the Earth's age, and the fact that weather patterns have been cyclic throughout history (see [[climate cycles]]).

==History of Climate Change vs. Global Warming==
The term climate change has its origins several decades ago when physicist Gilbert Plass published a study called ''The Carbon Dioxide Theory of Climatic Change'' in 1956.<ref>http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.2153-3490.1956.tb01206.x/abstract</ref>
In this study, Plass postulated the release of CO2 into the atmosphere by industrial and other human activities may have caused the temperature rise noticed in the twentieth century.

The term global warming was first thought to be used by Wallace Broecker, a geochemist from [[Columbia University]]'s Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory. His paper, ''Climatic Change: Are We on the Brink of a Pronounced Global Warming?'' <ref>http://blogs.ei.columbia.edu/files/2009/10/broeckerglobalwarming75.pdf</ref> acknowledged the scenario of global warming, though there was a common acknowledgement that airborne aerosols may cause global cooling.

A National Academy of Science study of carbon dioxide's impact on climate published in 1979 also used the term global warming to refer to surface temperature change.<ref>http://www.atmos.ucla.edu/~brianpm/download/charney_report.pdf</ref> Jule Charney of the [[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] in Cambridge declared: "If carbon dioxide continues to increase, we find no reason to doubt that climate changes will result and no reason to believe that these changes will be negligible.” Climate change was still used to refer to the other changes thought to be caused by increased CO2.

==Further reading==
* [http://www.worldwatch.org/files/pdf/CCRG.pdf Climate Change Reference Guide]
* [http://www.who.int/heli/risks/climate/climatedirectory/en/index1.html Climate change: directory of references/resources]
* [https://www.ncei.noaa.gov National Climatic Data Center]
* [http://www.realclimate.org/ Real Climate]
* [http://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/ IPCC Fifth Assessment Report]
* [http://www.thegwpf.com/ The Global Warming Policy Forum]

==See also==
*[[Anthropogenic global warming]]
*[[War on Science]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/summary_0199-2875898_ITM Global warming: both sides]
*[http://www.no-carbon-tax.org Australian Anti-Climate Hypocrisy Site]

{{Climategate scandal}}
{{communism}}
[[Category:Environmentalism]]
[[Category:Climate Change]]
[[Category:Liberal Falsehoods]]

Stefan Halper

2022-03-12T20:43:15Z

FresnoCA: Added link

[[File:Downer-and-halper.jpg|right|250px|thumb|Stefan Halper and [[Alexander Downer]], along with [[Joseph Mifsud]], were recruited by [[John Brennan]] to frame [[George Papadopoulos]] and [[Carter Page]]. [[Richard Dearlove]], the head of UK's [[MI6]] also worked closely with Brennan. They didn't like Donald Trump's talk of making [[NATO]] allies pay more for their own defense. The future of the [[military industrial complex]] was at stake.]]
'''Dr. Stefan Halper''' is a U.S. citizen and the alleged "foreign" source CIA director [[John Brennan]] claimed to have received [[British]] GCHQ intelligence sharing information on [[Russian collusion]] with [[Donald Trump]]. Brennan formed an inter-agency task force and the [[FBI]] began a [[counterintelligence]] investigation, ultimately leading to FISA surveillance of the Trump campaign, transition, and administration. [[Stephen Somma]] was Halper's FBI handler.

Halper is a Cambridge Fellow. Halper was a Senior Policy Advisor to Presidents Nixon, Ford & Reagan.

==Baiting the trap==
Two months before the 2016 election, Papadopoulos received a strange request for a meeting in [[London]], one of several the young Trump adviser would be offered — and he would accept — during the presidential campaign. The meeting request came from Stefan Halper, a foreign policy expert and Cambridge professor with connections to the CIA and its British counterpart, MI6.<ref>https://dailycaller.com/2018/03/25/george-papadopoulos-london-emails/ </ref>

Halper met with Papadopoulos on September 23, 2016.<ref>https://www.conservativereview.com/news/stefan-halper-is-only-the-tip-of-the-iceberg-in-obama-spy-scandal/ </ref> Halper brought up the subject of Hillary Clinton's emails which he alleged the Russians hacked. Papadopoulos told Halper he knew nothing about any emails or Russian hacking — notwithstanding Halper's aggressive, loaded questioning on the subject.<ref>https://www.nationalreview.com/2018/06/george-papadopoulos-case-needs-closer-look/amp/</ref><ref>https://thefederalist.com/2018/06/13/heres-can-glean-george-papadopouloss-wife-telling-media/</ref>

In November 2016, Halper told ''[[Russia Today]]'' television that [[Hillary Clinton]] would be best for U.S.-UK relations.

==Background==

In 1967, Halper graduated from Stanford University with a B.A. with high honours. Halper then studied at the University of Oxford, graduating with a doctorate in philosophy in 1971. Presumably shortly after graduation, Halper then began working as a member of the White House Domestic Council as a member of the Nixon Administration, holding the position from 1971 to 1973. After this, Halper's position evolved, and he joined the Office of Management and Budget as Assistant Director of the Management and Evaluation Division, holding the position from 1973 to 1974.

On August 9, 1974, Gerald Ford was inaugurated as the President of the United States, due to the resignation of President Richard M. Nixon. Halper was then moved from the Office of Management and Budget to join the office of the Chief of Staff, working as the Assistant to the Chief of Staff. This was a position he held from 1974 to January 20, 1977. As such, Halper worked as an assistant to three Chiefs of Staff - Alexander Haig (until September 21, 1974), then [[Donald Rumsfeld]] (from September 21, 1974 to November 20, 1975), and then [[Dick Cheney]] (from November 20, 1975 to January 20, 1977).

After [[Jimmy Carter]] was elected Halper worked as a legislative assistant to Senator William Roth of Delaware holding this position from 1977 to 1979 and became a Special Counsel to the United States Congress' Joint Economic Committee.

In 1979, Halper left both positions to become the National Director for Policy Development for [[George H. W. Bush]]'s Presidential campaign. At the 1980 Republican convention, Richard V. Allen, then Ronald Reagan's foreign policy adviser for his Presidential campaign, searched for a potential Vice President for Reagan, and spoke with Halper about considering H. W. Bush for the role. Halper then became the National Director of Policy Coordination on the Reagan / Bush Presidential campaign. Halper conducted a data-gathering operation to collect inside information on Carter [[foreign policy]] and used a number of former CIA officials in the effort.<ref>https://www.upi.com/Archives/1983/07/07/A-former-Ronald-Reagan-campaign-official-charged-Thursday-administration/4669426398400/ </ref>

From 1981 to 1984, Halper worked as the Deputy Assistant Secretary of State. As such, Halper served under three different Secretaries of State - Alexander Haig (from January 22, 1981 to July 5, 1982), Walter J. Stoessel, Jr. (from July 5, 1982 to July 16, 1982) and George P. Shultz (from July 16, 1982 to 1984). After this, Halper became a senior advisor to the [[Department of Defense]], and a senior advisor to the [[Department of Justice]], positions lasting from 1984 to 2001.

However, in 1982, Halper helped organise Palmer National Bank while working as Deputy Assistant Secretary of State, then left his role shortly before the bank opened. By 1984, Halper was Palmer National Bank's chairman. The idea for Palmer National Bank came about after a conversation between Halper and Harvey D. McLean, Jr. in 1980, both of whom worked on H. W. Bush's Presidential campaign. McLean later became the Vice Chairman of Palmer National Bank. Palmer National Bank made loans to customs who then used it to channel the money to a Swiss bank account controlled by Colonel [[Oliver North]], who then used the same bank account to provide military assistance to the [[Contras]].

Halper's former father-in-law was Ray Cline, who was the Deputy Director of the Central Intelligence Agency. Halper was on the Board of Directors at the National Intelligence Study Center, alongside Ray Cline, in 1983. Cline is the CIA analyst who first identified [[Soviet]] missiles from aerial reconnaissance photos during the [[Cuban missile crisis]] of 1962.

Apparently while working on H. W. Bush's Presidential campaign, a member of Halper's research staff was Robert Gambino, a veteran of the Central Intelligence Agency. Several Central Intelligence Agency related people were on the H. W. Bush campaign, including Ray Cline, Sam Wilson, Howard Aaron, Henry Knoche, Robert Gambino, Bruce Rounds, Jon Thomas, Jack Coackley and Richard Stillwell. All working with Halper.

[[Svetlana Lokhova]] speculated on Halper's motivations for cozying up to the Clinton crime family:
{{quotebox|"By June 2015, Halper’s role was for all intents and purposes over at Cambridge. All his connections were retiring and stepping back from the University; in particular, Sir Richard Dearlove stepped down as Master of Pembroke in 2015. Halper, now aged seventy-two, was perhaps looking at a future of irrelevancy and a sharp drop in income. Seemingly this type of future did not feature in Halper’s plans. Nothing if not ambitious, Halper believed he had something very special to offer and was entitled to a top role, perhaps as the United States ambassador to China. If Hillary Clinton won the election, perhaps he hoped to be rewarded for his service. Halper began heaping very public praise on Hillary Clinton, such as in March 1, 2013, when he made an unintentionally hilarious comment “an elegant Secretary of State, Hillary Clinton, who was loved by everyone” to Reuters."<ref>https://uncoverdc.com/2020/06/16/exclusive-chapter-from-spygate-exposed-by-svetlana-lokhova/</ref>}}

==See also==
*[[Crossfire Hurricane]]
*[[Spygate]]
*[[Neoconservativism]]
*[[Agent Provocateur]]
*[[Alexander Downer]]
*[[Joseph Mifsud]]
*[[William Barr]]
*[[James H. Baker (DOD)]]

==External Links==
*[https://www.realclearinvestigations.com/articles/2022/03/08/the_curious_case_of_stefan_halper_longtime_zelig_of_american_scandals_who_crossfired_trump_818108.html | Real Clear Investagation]
*[https://www.dailywire.com/news/the-curious-case-of-stefan-halper-longtime-zelig-of-american-scandals-who-crossfired-trump https://www.dailywire.com/news/the-curious-case-of-stefan-halper-longtime-zelig-of-american-scandals-who-crossfired-trump | The Curious Case Of Stefan Halper, Longtime ‘Zelig’ Of American Scandals Who ‘Crossfired’ Trump | The Daily Wire]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Deep State}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Halper, Stefan}}
[[Category:Trump-Russia Collusion Hoax]][[Category:Anti-Trump]][[Category:2016 Presidential Election]]
[[Category:Neoconservativism]]
[[Category:Neoconservatives]]
[[Category:Establishment]]
[[Category:Conspiracy Theorists]]

Stefan Halper

2022-03-12T20:37:57Z

FresnoCA: /* See also */ Added link.

[[File:Downer-and-halper.jpg|right|250px|thumb|Stefan Halper and [[Alexander Downer]], along with [[Joseph Mifsud]], were recruited by [[John Brennan]] to frame [[George Papadopoulos]] and [[Carter Page]]. [[Richard Dearlove]], the head of UK's [[MI6]] also worked closely with Brennan. They didn't like Donald Trump's talk of making [[NATO]] allies pay more for their own defense. The future of the [[military industrial complex]] was at stake.]]
'''Dr. Stefan Halper''' is a U.S. citizen and the alleged "foreign" source CIA director [[John Brennan]] claimed to have received [[British]] GCHQ intelligence sharing information on [[Russian collusion]] with [[Donald Trump]]. Brennan formed an inter-agency task force and the [[FBI]] began a [[counterintelligence]] investigation, ultimately leading to FISA surveillance of the Trump campaign, transition, and administration. [[Stephen Somma]] was Halper's FBI handler.

Halper is a Cambridge Fellow. Halper was a Senior Policy Advisor to Presidents Nixon, Ford & Reagan.

==Baiting the trap==
Two months before the 2016 election, Papadopoulos received a strange request for a meeting in [[London]], one of several the young Trump adviser would be offered — and he would accept — during the presidential campaign. The meeting request came from Stefan Halper, a foreign policy expert and Cambridge professor with connections to the CIA and its British counterpart, MI6.<ref>https://dailycaller.com/2018/03/25/george-papadopoulos-london-emails/ </ref>

Halper met with Papadopoulos on September 23, 2016.<ref>https://www.conservativereview.com/news/stefan-halper-is-only-the-tip-of-the-iceberg-in-obama-spy-scandal/ </ref> Halper brought up the subject of Hillary Clinton's emails which he alleged the Russians hacked. Papadopoulos told Halper he knew nothing about any emails or Russian hacking — notwithstanding Halper's aggressive, loaded questioning on the subject.<ref>https://www.nationalreview.com/2018/06/george-papadopoulos-case-needs-closer-look/amp/</ref><ref>https://thefederalist.com/2018/06/13/heres-can-glean-george-papadopouloss-wife-telling-media/</ref>

In November 2016, Halper told ''[[Russia Today]]'' television that [[Hillary Clinton]] would be best for U.S.-UK relations.

==Background==

In 1967, Halper graduated from Stanford University with a B.A. with high honours. Halper then studied at the University of Oxford, graduating with a doctorate in philosophy in 1971. Presumably shortly after graduation, Halper then began working as a member of the White House Domestic Council as a member of the Nixon Administration, holding the position from 1971 to 1973. After this, Halper's position evolved, and he joined the Office of Management and Budget as Assistant Director of the Management and Evaluation Division, holding the position from 1973 to 1974.

On August 9, 1974, Gerald Ford was inaugurated as the President of the United States, due to the resignation of President Richard M. Nixon. Halper was then moved from the Office of Management and Budget to join the office of the Chief of Staff, working as the Assistant to the Chief of Staff. This was a position he held from 1974 to January 20, 1977. As such, Halper worked as an assistant to three Chiefs of Staff - Alexander Haig (until September 21, 1974), then [[Donald Rumsfeld]] (from September 21, 1974 to November 20, 1975), and then [[Dick Cheney]] (from November 20, 1975 to January 20, 1977).

After [[Jimmy Carter]] was elected Halper worked as a legislative assistant to Senator William Roth of Delaware holding this position from 1977 to 1979 and became a Special Counsel to the United States Congress' Joint Economic Committee.

In 1979, Halper left both positions to become the National Director for Policy Development for [[George H. W. Bush]]'s Presidential campaign. At the 1980 Republican convention, Richard V. Allen, then Ronald Reagan's foreign policy adviser for his Presidential campaign, searched for a potential Vice President for Reagan, and spoke with Halper about considering H. W. Bush for the role. Halper then became the National Director of Policy Coordination on the Reagan / Bush Presidential campaign. Halper conducted a data-gathering operation to collect inside information on Carter [[foreign policy]] and used a number of former CIA officials in the effort.<ref>https://www.upi.com/Archives/1983/07/07/A-former-Ronald-Reagan-campaign-official-charged-Thursday-administration/4669426398400/ </ref>

From 1981 to 1984, Halper worked as the Deputy Assistant Secretary of State. As such, Halper served under three different Secretaries of State - Alexander Haig (from January 22, 1981 to July 5, 1982), Walter J. Stoessel, Jr. (from July 5, 1982 to July 16, 1982) and George P. Shultz (from July 16, 1982 to 1984). After this, Halper became a senior advisor to the [[Department of Defense]], and a senior advisor to the [[Department of Justice]], positions lasting from 1984 to 2001.

However, in 1982, Halper helped organise Palmer National Bank while working as Deputy Assistant Secretary of State, then left his role shortly before the bank opened. By 1984, Halper was Palmer National Bank's chairman. The idea for Palmer National Bank came about after a conversation between Halper and Harvey D. McLean, Jr. in 1980, both of whom worked on H. W. Bush's Presidential campaign. McLean later became the Vice Chairman of Palmer National Bank. Palmer National Bank made loans to customs who then used it to channel the money to a Swiss bank account controlled by Colonel [[Oliver North]], who then used the same bank account to provide military assistance to the [[Contras]].

Halper's former father-in-law was Ray Cline, who was the Deputy Director of the Central Intelligence Agency. Halper was on the Board of Directors at the National Intelligence Study Center, alongside Ray Cline, in 1983. Cline is the CIA analyst who first identified [[Soviet]] missiles from aerial reconnaissance photos during the [[Cuban missile crisis]] of 1962.

Apparently while working on H. W. Bush's Presidential campaign, a member of Halper's research staff was Robert Gambino, a veteran of the Central Intelligence Agency. Several Central Intelligence Agency related people were on the H. W. Bush campaign, including Ray Cline, Sam Wilson, Howard Aaron, Henry Knoche, Robert Gambino, Bruce Rounds, Jon Thomas, Jack Coackley and Richard Stillwell. All working with Halper.

[[Svetlana Lokhova]] speculated on Halper's motivations for cozying up to the Clinton crime family:
{{quotebox|"By June 2015, Halper’s role was for all intents and purposes over at Cambridge. All his connections were retiring and stepping back from the University; in particular, Sir Richard Dearlove stepped down as Master of Pembroke in 2015. Halper, now aged seventy-two, was perhaps looking at a future of irrelevancy and a sharp drop in income. Seemingly this type of future did not feature in Halper’s plans. Nothing if not ambitious, Halper believed he had something very special to offer and was entitled to a top role, perhaps as the United States ambassador to China. If Hillary Clinton won the election, perhaps he hoped to be rewarded for his service. Halper began heaping very public praise on Hillary Clinton, such as in March 1, 2013, when he made an unintentionally hilarious comment “an elegant Secretary of State, Hillary Clinton, who was loved by everyone” to Reuters."<ref>https://uncoverdc.com/2020/06/16/exclusive-chapter-from-spygate-exposed-by-svetlana-lokhova/</ref>}}

==See also==
*[[Crossfire Hurricane]]
*[[Spygate]]
*[[Neoconservativism]]
*[[Agent Provocateur]]
*[[Alexander Downer]]
*[[Joseph Mifsud]]
*[[William Barr]]
*[[James H. Baker (DOD)]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Deep State}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Halper, Stefan}}
[[Category:Trump-Russia Collusion Hoax]][[Category:Anti-Trump]][[Category:2016 Presidential Election]]
[[Category:Neoconservativism]]
[[Category:Neoconservatives]]
[[Category:Establishment]]
[[Category:Conspiracy Theorists]]

Francis Collins

2022-03-12T02:01:29Z

FresnoCA: /* Impact as NIH Director */ Added quote

'''Dr. Francis Collins''' (born April 14, 1950), a former [[atheist]] who converted to [[Christianity]]. He is a [[Theistic evolution|theistic evolutionist]], the founder of [[BioLogos]] an organization that promotes [[evolution]] in the church, and former head of the [[NIH]].<ref>https://christianresearchnetwork.org/2022/02/04/francis-collins-and-tim-kellers-biologos-says-god-did-not-require-jesus-to-die-to-forgive-sins/</ref> He was director of the [[National Institutes of Health]] until his [[resignation]] in December of 2021<ref>https://www.dailywire.com/news/house-republicans-accuse-top-bide-health-officials-of-stonewalling-probe-into-covid-19-origins</ref>, he was appointed to that position by President [[Barack Hussein Obama]] in 2009. [[Pope Benedict XVI]] has also appointed him to the Pontifical Academy of Sciences. Formerly, Collins was the head of the Human Genome Project at the National Human Genome Research Institute.

He is the author of "The Language of God: A Scientist Presents Evidence for Belief" and is a speaker for the Veritas Forum at college campuses. He cites C.S. Lewis's writings on Christianity in turning him away from atheism, which he now renounces as the least rational worldview.

==Views==
Collins promotes [[theistic evolution]], which he calls [[BioLogos]]. He believes a non-literal interpretation of creation as it appears in Genesis. However, he believes the fine-tuning of the physical constants and the existence of a Moral Law prove the existence of a loving God.

[[Creation Ministries International]] declared concerning Collins theistic evolutionary views:
{{cquote|All Christians, creationists included, can find much to like in ''[[The Language of God]]''. Collins’ personal story is fascinating. His intention in writing the book is excellent: to spread the word that faith is reasonable. Like Collins, we want to see an end to the widespread false impression that faith and science are incompatible. However, we must sadly conclude that most of Collins’ arguments—his means to the laudable ends that we all want to further—are going down the wrong path. Instead of creating a harmony between faith and science, theistic evolution subsumes the authority of Scripture to the authority of the latest scientific paper, leaving philosophical confusion in its wake.<ref>https://creation.com/harmony-and-discord-a-review-of-francis-collins-book-the-language-of-god</ref>}}

BeliefNet wrote concerning Collins' views on abortion:
{{cquote|In a 1998 book he co-authored, Principles of Medical Genetics, he considers a bioethical situation where a genetic counselor is discussing with a (married) mother, 8 weeks pregnant, whether to abort her child because there’s a 7 to 8 percent chance the child will have a mild learning disability. Should the mother indicate an interest in aborting, Collins and his two co-authors commend to the counselor a stance of “respect for [patient] autonomy” and “nondirective counseling.” In other words, the medical professional in this context should be morally neutral.<ref>http://blog.beliefnet.com/kingdomofpriests/2009/07/francis-collins-on-abortion.html</ref>}}

Collins is also an advocate for therapeutic cloning without the use of embryonic stem cells. In 2020, he was awarded the [[Templeton Prize]].

Collins is on record stating he does not definitively believe, as most pro-lifers do, that life begins at conception, and his tenure at NIH has been marked by extreme [[Pro-abortion|anti-life]], pro-LGBT policies. Other than his proclamations that he is, himself, a believer, the [[NIH]] director espouses nearly no public positions that would mark him out as any different from any extreme [[Left]]-wing [[bureaucrat]]. He has not only defended<ref>https://www.science.org/content/article/nih-chief-defends-use-human-fetal-tissue-opponents-decry-it-congress</ref> experimentation on fetuses obtained by abortion, he has also directed record-level<ref>https://www.firstthings.com/web-exclusives/2021/10/the-cautionary-tale-of-francis-collins</ref> spending toward it.

== Impact as [[NIH]] Director ==

=== Greenlighting implanting mice with cells from [[aborted]] infants and related experimentation===

Among the priorities the [[NIH]] has funded<ref>https://www.ncregister.com/blog/how-aborted-children-are-used</ref> under Collins — a [[University of Pittsburgh]] experiment that involved grafting infant scalps onto lab rats, as well as projects that relied on the harvested organs of [[aborted]], full-term babies. Some doctors have even charged Collins with giving money to research that required extracting kidneys, ureters, and bladders from living infants. <ref>https://www.dailywire.com/news/how-the-federal-government-used-evangelical-leaders-to-spread-covid-propaganda-to-churches How The Federal Government Used Evangelical Leaders To Spread Covid Propaganda To Churches
| The Daily Wire</ref><ref>https://illinoisfamily.org/religious/how-the-federal-government-used-evangelical-leaders-to-spread-covid-propaganda-to-churches/</ref>

When asked about the NIH funding experiments such as [[University of Pittsburgh]] [https://www.ncregister.com/news/pro-lifers-speak-out-against-taxpayer-funded-experiments-using-aborted-fetal-body-parts studies that involved harvesting body parts from babies at various stages of development and grafting infant scalps onto lab rats] [https://blog.whitecoatwaste.org/2022/02/04/wcw-investigation-fauci-is-usas-top-spender-on-animal-experiments-with-human-fetal-tissue/ and others], Collins did not deny knowing about or green lighting such projects.<ref>https://www.dailywire.com/news/exclusive-in-leaked-audio-former-nih-director-new-biden-science-adviser-laughs-over-threatening-unemployment-to-force-vaccines-blames-trump-for-covid-19-deaths In Leaked Audio Former NIH Director/New Biden Science Adviser Laughs Over Threatening Unemployment To Force Vaccines, Blames Trump For COVID-19 Deaths</ref>

[[Evangelical]] leaders like Russell Moore have been [https://www.theamericanconservative.com/dreher/evangelicals-who-are-good-bad-francis-collins-david-brooks/ under] [https://wng.org/opinions/decadence-on-display-1645449344 fire] since [[The Daily Wire]] detailed their praise and promotion of Collins despite his record of the NIH funding controversial [[transgender]] research on [[minors]] and experimentation on organs collected from aborted infants<ref>https://www.ncregister.com/blog/how-aborted-children-are-used</ref><ref>https://www.ncregister.com/news/pro-lifers-speak-out-against-taxpayer-funded-experiments-using-aborted-fetal-body-parts</ref>.

=== Abuse of position to influence [[Evangelical]] views ===
Francis Collins has asked pastors to repeat views to their congregations put forward by the [[CDC]] and [[NIH]]. During a interview[https://churchleaders.libsyn.com/nih-director-dr-francis-collins-shares-critical-steps-for-back-to-church-sunday] by [[Wheaton College]] dean [[Ed Stetzer]] on the [[podcast]] "Church Leadership" former [[National Institutes of Health]] Director Francis Collins said, {{cquote|I want to exhort pastors once again to try to use your credibility with your flock to put forward the public health measures that we know can work.

''-former [[National Institutes of Health]] director Francis Collins''}}

Megan Basham from [[Daily Wire|The Daily Wire has warned:
{{cquote|Francis Collins has been an especially successful envoy for the Biden administration, delivering messages to a mostly-[[Republican]], [[Christian]] populace who would otherwise be reluctant to hear them. In their presentation of Collins’ expertise, these [[pastor|pastors]] and leaders suggested that questioning his explanations as to the origins of [[CCP virus|the virus]] or the efficacy of masks was not simply a point of disagreement but [[sin|sinful]]. This was a charge likely to have a great deal of impact on churchgoers who strive to live lives in accordance with godly standards. Perhaps no other argument could’ve been more persuasive to this demographic.

This does not mean these leaders necessarily knew that the information they were conveying to the broader Christian public could be false, but it does highlight the danger religious leaders face when they’re willing to become [[propaganda|mouth organs of the government]]

-''Megan Basham for the [[Daily Wire]] via [https://illinoisfamily.org/religious/how-the-federal-government-used-evangelical-leaders-to-spread-covid-propaganda-to-churches/ Illinoisfamily.org]<ref>https://www.dailywire.com/news/how-the-federal-government-used-evangelical-leaders-to-spread-covid-propaganda-to-churches </ref><ref>https://illinoisfamily.org/religious/how-the-federal-government-used-evangelical-leaders-to-spread-covid-propaganda-to-churches/</ref>''}}

Both Collins and Stetzer were hardly shy about the fact that they were asking ministers to act as [[Biden administration|the administration’s]] go-between with their congregants.

Carl R. Trueman, fellow at the Ethics and Public Policy Center, has stated: {{cquote|Francis Collins was lauded as a faithful presence by a number of [[evangelical]] leaders upon his retirement, even though, as [[The Daily Wire|The Daily Wire’s]] Megan Basham [https://www.dailywire.com/news/how-the-federal-government-used-evangelical-leaders-to-spread-covid-propaganda-to-churches <ref>https://illinoisfamily.org/religious/how-the-federal-government-used-evangelical-leaders-to-spread-covid-propaganda-to-churches/</ref> recently demonstrated in painful detail]<ref>https://www.dailywire.com/news/how-the-federal-government-used-evangelical-leaders-to-spread-covid-propaganda-to-churches </ref><ref>https://illinoisfamily.org/religious/how-the-federal-government-used-evangelical-leaders-to-spread-covid-propaganda-to-churches/</ref>, Collins’ “faithful presence” at the National Institutes of Health does not seem to have gone beyond that of faithfully turning up to work. In the real world, there are humble employees all over the country for whom “faithful presence” of the truly Christian kind comes with significant personal discomfort and professional cost

-Carl R. Trueman <ref>https://wng.org/opinions/decadence-on-display-1645449344</ref>}}

[[Rob Dreher]], author of the bestselling book ''Live Not by Lies'', said of this revelation: {{cquote|it shows how we can allow ourselves to be used and deceived by those in whom we place authority. Though Evangelicalism is not my world, nor is science, I have for years uncritically assumed that Francis Collins was a ''Good Guy''™, was ''One Of Us''™, and so forth. Why? Because others I knew and trusted said so. That was it. It really was. That Collins was so useless as a [[Christian]] when it came to the ways he ran [[NIH]] came as a shock to me when I first read about it last fall<ref>https://www.dailywire.com/news/how-the-federal-government-used-evangelical-leaders-to-spread-covid-propaganda-to-churches </ref>. I assumed that because the people I know and trust vouched for him, he must be fine.

We all do this, and we have to do this, because nobody can get through life being radically skeptical of everybody else. All of us have a network of people we trust as authoritative. What none of us really know, though, is whether or not those who have our trust deserve it.

-Rob Dreher <ref>https://www.theamericanconservative.com/dreher/evangelicals-who-are-good-bad-francis-collins-david-brooks/ Rob Dreher | Evangelicals: Who Are The Good & The Bad? | theamericanconservative.com </ref>}}

== See Also ==
* [[Anthony Fauci]]
* [[Faucism]]
* [[NIH]]
* [[BioLogos]]

== External links ==
* [https://www.dailywire.com/news/how-the-federal-government-used-evangelical-leaders-to-spread-covid-propaganda-to-churches How The Federal Government Used Evangelical Leaders To Spread Covid Propaganda To Churches |(original article with paywall from The [[Daily Wire]])]
* [https://illinoisfamily.org/religious/how-the-federal-government-used-evangelical-leaders-to-spread-covid-propaganda-to-churches/ How The Federal Government Used Evangelical Leaders To Spread Covid Propaganda To Churches |(free reprint from Illinoisfamily.org)]
* [https://www.dailywire.com/news/house-republicans-accuse-top-bide-health-officials-of-stonewalling-probe-into-covid-19-origins House Republicans Accuse Top Bide Health Officials Of ‘Stonewalling’ Probe Into COVID-19 Origins | Daily Wire]
* [http://biologos.org/about]
* [https://assets.answersingenesis.org/doc/pdf/biologos-house-of-heresy.pdf [[BioLogos]]: House of Heresy & False Teaching | [[Answers in Genesis]] ]
*[https://www.dailywire.com/news/exclusive-in-leaked-audio-former-nih-director-new-biden-science-adviser-laughs-over-threatening-unemployment-to-force-vaccines-blames-trump-for-covid-19-deaths In Leaked Audio Former NIH Director/New Biden Science Adviser Laughs Over Threatening Unemployment To Force Vaccines, Blames Trump For COVID-19 Deaths]

== References ==
{{reflist}}
*The Language of God, 2006

[[Category:Christians]]
[[Category:Evolutionists]]
[[Category:Pro-Abortion]][[Category:Abortion Advocates]][[Category:Abortion]]
[[Category:Theistic Evolutionist]]
[[Category:Leftists]]
[[Category:Faucism]]

Peter Daszak

2022-03-11T19:47:17Z

FresnoCA: /* 2018 proposal */ Added Links

{{cquote|Today, the solitary inventor, tinkering in his shop, has been over shadowed by task forces of scientists in laboratories and testing fields. In the same fashion, the free university, historically the fountainhead of free ideas and scientific discovery, has experienced a revolution in the conduct of research. Partly because of the huge costs involved, a government contract becomes virtually a substitute for intellectual curiosity. For every old blackboard there are now hundreds of new electronic computers. The prospect of domination of the nation's scholars by Federal employment, project allocations, and the power of money is ever present and is gravely to be regarded. Yet, in holding scientific research and discovery in respect, as we should, we must also be alert to the equal and opposite danger that public policy could itself become the captive of a scientific-technological elite.|||[[Dwight Eisenhower]], [[Military-industrial complex]] speech<ref>[https://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=false&doc=90&page=transcript Transcript of President Dwight D. Eisenhower's Farewell Address (1961)]. ''ourdocuments.gov''.</ref>}}
[[File:Daszak shi 0 0.jpg|right|350px|thumb|Peter Daszak (right) toasting Shi Zhengli (left).]]
:''See also: [[Faucism]]
'''Peter Daszak''' is a [[British]] zoologist and [[CCP]] operative running an [[NGO]] based in [[New York]].
Daszak and [[Shi Zhengli]] were inducing [[gain of function]] (GoF) mutations in the [[People%27s_Republic_of_China#SARS-CoVid-1|SARS CoV-1]] viruses around the time the first case of [[Covid-19]] appeared. They produced [[coronavirus]]es capable of infecting [[human being]]s. Because viruses mutate so readily during their replication, all new viruses have to be checked to make sure they only have the [[mutation]]s the lab caused. So the virus mutated into a new and even more deadly nanoparticle on its own. In early November 2019 the [[virus]] leaked from the aging biocontainment level 4 lab into the streets of [[Wuhan, China]].<ref>https://peterdaszak.com/</ref>

Video filmed on December 9, 2019, just days before the start of the coronavirus [[pandemic]], shows Daszak discussing the testing of modified coronaviruses on human cells and humanized mice in the [[Wuhan Institute of Virology]] (WIV), just weeks before the first cases of Covid-19 were announced in the city of Wuhan itself. Daszak's [[EcoHealth Alliance]] group organized a China-based conference that counted various Chinese Communist Party-controlled entities as sponsors.<ref>https://thenationalpulse.com/exclusive/who-investigator-peter-daszak-conference/</ref>

==Covid coverup==
:{{See also|CCP propaganda war|Covid coverup|}}
On February 19, 2020 Daszak orchestrated a letter published in ''The Lancet'' and signed by 27 scientists. The letter declared flatly that the coronavirus did not originate in a lab in Wuhan. Emails show that Daszak carefully selected other signatories so that his obviously disqualifying [[conflict of interest]] would remain secret. Daszak wrote to Ralph Baric, who was also working on gain-of-function research in China, telling him not to sign the letter. Daszak wrotte, "We'll put it out in a way that doesn’t link it back to our collaboration, so we maximize an independent voice."

[[Anthony Fauci]] cited Daszak’s letter as proof the virus wasn't caused by research he was funding:
{{quotebox-float|"If you look at the evolution of the virus in bats and what exists now, it’s very, very strongly leaning towards that could not have been artificially or deliberately manipulated. The way the mutations have naturally evolved. A number of very qualified evolutionary biologists have said everything about the progressive evolution over time strongly indicates that it evolved in the wild, then jumped species.}}
Self-described "fact-checkers" then used ''The Lancet'' letter to censor anyone on [[social media]] who mentioned the possibility of a lab leak.<ref>https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/tucker-carlson-us-government-officials-helped-china-cover-up-covid-origins</ref>

Christopher Park, a director in the [[State Department]]'s nonproliferation bureau, told the agency's investigators, "not to say anything that would point to the U.S. government’s own role in gain-of-function research." Christopher Park was involved in the 2017 decision to lift the federal moratorium on funding gain-of-function research. ''Vanity Fair'' obtained a memo from Thomas DiNanno, then the acting assistant secretary of the State Department’s arms-control bureau. In the memo, DiNanno wrote that staff from two State Department bureaus had warned leaders within his bureau quote "not to pursue an investigation into the origin of COVID-19" because it would "open a can of worms."

A year after the deadly virus leaked from the Wuhan lab,<ref>https://nypost.com/2021/03/26/ex-cdc-director-believes-covid-19-came-from-wuhan-lab/</ref> the CCP finally allowed international investigators into the Wuhan lab. The [[World Health Organization]] allowed the CCP to [[veto]] scientists on the Wuhan mission.<ref>https://dailycaller.com/2021/03/18/world-health-organization-wuhan-china-control/</ref> One of the scientists assigned by the WHO was Daszak, whom the CCP allowed in.<ref>https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/4104828</ref>

Daszak was removed from ''The Lancet''’s COVID-19 commission following a number of leading exposés by ''The National Pulse'' investigative team surrounding Daszak’s work with the Chinese Communist Party.<ref>https://thenationalpulse.com/breaking/scalp-daszak-recused-from-covid-commission-after-repeated-national-pulse-exposes/</ref>

==2018 proposal==
In September 2021, ''The Telegraph'' reported that Drastic, the web-based investigations team set up by scientists from across the world to look into the origins of Covid-19 released evidence from 2018 documenting that Wuhan scientists planned to create chimeric viruses, genetically enhanced to infect humans more easily, and requested $14 million from the [[Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency]] (Darpa) to fund the work.

Th documents show they were hoping to introduce “human-specific cleavage sites” to bat coronaviruses which would make it easier for the virus to enter human cells.
The bid was submitted by Peter Daszak. Team members included Dr Shi Zhengli, as well as US researchers from the University of North Carolina and the United States Geological Survey National Wildlife Health Centre.

[[Darpa]] refused to fund the proposal by Daszak, citing how dangerous it was especially since ‘gain of function research’ was involved: “It is clear that the proposed project led by Peter Daszak could have put local communities at risk”, and warned that the team had not properly considered the dangers of enhancing the virus (gain of function research) or releasing a vaccine by air.<ref>https://therightscoop.com/peter-daszak-submitted-wuhan-request-to-release-airborne-coronaviruses-into-bat-populations-just-18-months-before-outbreak/</ref> Daszak then turned to [[Dr. Anthony Fauci]], [[Francis Collins]] and [[NIH]] for funding.

==International Criminal Court complaint==

In December 2021 a complaint was filed with the Prosecutor of the [[International Criminal Court]] naming Daszak, Anthony Fauci, [[Bill Gates]], [[Klaus Schwab]] and other international figures by a team of experts from [[UK]]. The complaint argues that “based on the extensive claims and enclosed documentation, we charge those responsible for numerous violations of the [[Nuremberg Code]], crimes against humanity, war crimes and crimes of aggression in the United Kingdom, but not limited to individuals in these countries”. The applicants state that “It is our intention to present to you and detail how, in the United Kingdom this year, the Government of the United Kingdom, with its Ministers and senior officials have violated the Nuremberg Code not only in a single aspect but in many aspects”.

The UK team which filed the complaint is represented by attorney Hannah Rose, with co-applicants including Dr. Mike Yeadon, a former vice-President and Chief Scientist of allergy and respiratory research at [[Pfizer]] respiratory pharmacology, former Vice President and Chief Scientist of allergy and respiratory research at Pfizer and others.<ref>https://dailyexpose.uk/2021/12/10/uk-team-file-complaint-of-crimes-against-humanity-with-the-international-criminal-court/</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External link==
*[https://youtu.be/oh2Sj_QpZOA SPECIAL INVESTIGATION: What Really Happened in Wuhan] - SkyNews Australia

{{coronavirus}}
[[Category:Faucism]]
[[Category:CCP puppets]]

Talk:Conservapedia proven right

2022-03-10T00:42:35Z

FresnoCA: /* Energy Independence */ Reply

The two rows about gold seem repetitive. How about combining into only one row?--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 14:23, 20 November 2011 (EST)
:::It is a lot of information plus Conservapedia mentioned gold and precious metals a lot. But at the same time reportedly positively about having a broad commodity strategy if possible. I think it would make a very long single entry. I will look at it though. [[User:Conservative|Conservative]] 15:18, 20 November 2011 (EST)
::::::I will combine them. [[User:Conservative|Conservative]]

==Nobel Prize Bias==
Just a quick note that the link for the "leak" that Obama's prize was a result of liberal bias in the prize selection process goes to an opinion piece. Seems strange given that it's supposedly trying to prove something. Ideally this source would be a news article rather than an op-ed, or else this position should be removed for inaccuracy. - unsigned addition by User:Conservapediabias, Nov. 29, 2016

==Tim Tebow==
I think it's also worth noting that the only quarterback to have any success with the Jets that season (aside from Tebow, who was never given a chance for fear his performance would inspire viewers to see the truth behind his words about Jesus and conservatism) was not Mark Sanchez, from the liberal bastion of California, but Greg McElroy, from conservative Alabama. Not only did the Jets find no success without Tebow at quarterback, the lone bright spot of their year (a 7-6 win over the Cardinals when McElroy led the team while Tebow was being forcibly kept out by Rex Ryan) came as a result of a conservative calling the shots, rather than a liberal. --[[User:ChrisBaker|ChrisBaker]] 02:07, 27 April 2015 (EDT)

== Neutrinos and the speed of light ==

The article claims that Conservapedia's prediction about the theory of General Relativity being wrong was proven by Neutrinos travelling faster that the speed of light. It has recently been found that this is in fact false, the accuracy of the measurements was affected by a loose fibre optic cable <ref>http://news.sciencemag.org/scienceinsider/2012/02/official-word-on-superluminal-ne.html?ref=hp</ref>. Shall I remove this claim?

:The issue remains unresolved, rather than the claim by the scientists having been proven false. Feel free to edit accordingly.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 10:54, 29 February 2012 (EST)

::Thanks for the help Andy. Sorry, I'm new so I thought I would ask. Either way, the statement is invalid as there is reasonable concern that the results are inaccurate. I will delete it for now as it will save face for Conservapedia. But if the anomaly is still present (as some physicists believe it will be), then we can alwpays re-insert it.--[[User:JeremyK|JeremyK]] 11:23, 29 February 2012 (EST)

== Cristie and Palin ==

If Conservapedia thought those two weren't likely nominees why is [[Presidential Election 2012|Palin still listed as one]] and [http://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Presidential_Election_2012&diff=938676&oldid=937791 Christie was only removed as a potential nominee only two days ago]?

:The way that mathematical probabilities work, nobody, including Palin, has an absolute zero probability of being nominated. An absolute zero probability for an uncertainty is, by definition, impossible.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 00:05, 22 November 2011 (EST)

::Wouldn't that mean that we would have to cite every American above 35 as a potential nominee if the only criteria is that the person in question has a probability of being nominated that is greater than 0? - unsigned addition by User:Conservapediabias, Nov. 29, 2016

== Newt Gingrich ==

*Conservapedia statement: "Newt Gingrich is the most likely to win the Republican nomination for President"
*Ranking of Potential Republican Candidates by Likelihood of Winning Nomination as per the linked article right now: #1 - Mitt Romney
So Conservapedia is proven right for a prediction it's not making anymore? Oh, let me guess: If Mitt Romney wins the nomination after all, you will again claim that Conservapedia is proven right by linking to the first version where he happened to be at the top?

Make up your mind - either actually promote Newt as your top choice or strike this out. It's not much of a prediction when you're basically playing "Heads, I win! Tails, you lose!" with the wiki revision system. ;) --[[User:Sid 3050|Sid 3050]] 17:41, 22 November 2011 (EST)
:I see that the "most likely" list at least reflects this "prediction" again. --[[User:Sid 3050|Sid 3050]] 17:12, 27 November 2011 (EST)

== Britain, atheism and the World Cup ==

*Conservapedia statement: "Atheistic Britain would embarrass itself in the World Cup"
*Liberal claptrap in response: "Liberal denial shouts down any observation of the correlation between atheism and underachievement"
*Result: "'England's performance at South Africa 2010 was officially their worst at a World Cup finals, according to Fifa.'"
Uh... your logic isn't sound. You roughly guessed a soccer result correctly, but that doesn't prove anything about a supposed correlation between atheism and underachievement.

Let's look at the actual statistics and results:
*Both England and the religious USA dropped out in the Top 16 round.
*The Top 3 spots of the World Cup went to Spain, the Netherlands and Germany (in that order).
*[http://www.adherents.com/largecom/com_atheist.html This] site lists somewhat recent atheism/agnostic/nonbeliever rates per country:
**Spain: 15 - 24%
**Netherlands: 39 - 44%
**Germany: 41 - 49%
**Britain (as a yardstick for "atheistic country"): 31 - 44%
**USA (as a yardstick for a religious country): 3 - 9%
What was that? Correlation between atheism and underachieving? Citing the World Cup 2010 as an example? Not quite. --[[User:Sid 3050|Sid 3050]] 18:08, 22 November 2011 (EST)

:Obviously nobody said atheism was the ''only'' factor. Of course there are other factors in fielding a successul soccer team, such as the level of interest in the sport.

:Looking at British soccer performance over time isolates the effect of atheism. As atheism has grown in Britain, it's ability to compete in the World Cup has fallen to pathetically weak levels. Atheism causes underachievement.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 19:09, 22 November 2011 (EST)
::England's past World Cup ratings:
::*1950: '''8th'''
::*1954: '''6th'''
::*1958: 11th
::*1962: '''8th'''
::*1966: 1st
::*1970: '''8th'''
::*1974: not qualified
::*1978: not qualified
::*1982: '''6th'''
::*1986: '''8th'''
::*1990: '''4th'''
::*1994: not qualified
::*1998: 9th
::*2002: '''6th'''
::*2006: '''7th'''
::*2010: 13th
::Whenever England qualified for a World Cup, it ended up in the Top 16. And I highlighted (in bold) the times in which England made it at least into the quarterfinals. Fallen to pathetically weak levels? During the last three World Cups, England twice had one of the best eight teams on the planet. Or are you claiming that there was a sudden atheism spike between 2006 and 2010?
::Also, the FIFA World Rankings currently rank England as #7, and the [http://www.fifa.com/worldranking/rankingtools/compareteams.html#g=m&t1=ENG&t2=ENG&t3=ENG&t4=ENG&dRange=4&fm=8&fy=1993&tm=11&ty=2011 trend there] isn't exactly indicating growing failure.
::So let's do this right. What are your sources for the claim that "atheism has grown in Britain"? How much during what time period? And then we can see how that compares to the the World Cup and the World Ranking.
::And you claim that atheism causes underachievement, but completely fail to address how the atheism in other countries somehow isn't causing underachievement there. You can't make a claim and then only consider a single country with "high" levels of atheism. How do you explain that the best three teams during the last World Cup have high atheism rates? Why aren't highly religious countries doing better?
::Sorry, but I don't see this going anywhere. You considered only a single data point (the performance of a single team during a single World Cup) to make a claim that doesn't seem to fit the moment you expand the scope at all. You called a single team's performance during a single event correctly, but that doesn't make your reasoning right. --[[User:Sid 3050|Sid 3050]] 20:32, 22 November 2011 (EST)

== Earthquakes ==

I'm surprised that this is ''still'' doing its rounds: It's wrong.

I don't even have to make a longwinded speech; just look at [[Talk:Main Page/Archive index/102#Severe_earthquakes_double_every_40_years.3F|this]] discussion and also at [[Talk:Counterexamples to an Old Earth#Major_earthquakes_are_doubling_every_40_years.3F|this]] one. --[[User:Sid 3050|Sid 3050]] 18:13, 22 November 2011 (EST)

== Jon Stewart Curse ==
Since the "prediction" was made, Stewart hasn't actually been in any movies. Hosting the Academy Awards was not movie acting. If you want to count "has appeared in front of a camera" as movie acting, then The Daily Show also counts, and it does [http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1394561/The-force-Jon-Stewart-Daily-Shows-ratings-higher-FOX-News.html very] well. In addition, this prediction was originally made by somebody who was banned as a vandal. --[[User:Sid 3050|Sid 3050]] 17:12, 27 November 2011 (EST)

==What is the point of this article ?==
It just look like boasting. And I shall remind you that ''"As it is, you boast in your arrogance. All such boasting is evil."'' - James 4:16 --[[User:PhilipN|PhilipN]] 23:10, 8 February 2012 (EST)

:''Neither do men light a candle and put it under a bushel, but on a candlestick, and it giveth light unto all that are in the house.'' - Matthew 5:15. Your move!--[[User:CPalmer|CPalmer]] 11:45, 29 February 2012 (EST)
::Admittedly, the title is a bit on the nose. I'm inclined to change it to "Conservapedia prescience" or "Presience of conservative insight." Or simply "Conservative Insight." [[User:DouglasA|DouglasA]] 12:38, 29 February 2012 (EST)

::(edit conflict) Well put, CPalmer. And if "accountability" had been a term known to the [[King James Version]] translators, then it would be in the English translations of the Bible too. It's very important to circle back and check what was right and what was wrong.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 12:40, 29 February 2012 (EST)

:::Douglas, I'm [[Essay:Quantifying Openmindedness|open-minded about this]], but don't think the alternative titles would be an improvement.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 12:41, 29 February 2012 (EST)

I'm with [[User:PhilipN|PhilipN]] here, honestly. This article kind of feels like boasting. Why would you need to have an article about being proven right if everything on the website is correct anyway? [[User:ThankGodForRifles|Jake Brand]] 19:25, 9 June 2017 (EST)

== Gay penguin ==

Isn't it possible (and indeed more likely) that the penguin was never gay in the first place? I can't really picture one penguin (peacefully or otherwise) convincing another penguin to change from his ways. There are no penguin therapy support groups. Either way, Conservapedia is right about the gay animal myth (either he's an ex-homosexual or he never was one in the first place). But I do think that possibility is worth mentioning. I'm not sure how to word it though. [[User:Gregkochuconn|Gregkochuconn]] 22:44, 9 February 2012 (EST)
:::I think the idea of a homosexual animal is wrongheaded and that the homosexual animal notion is a myth. [[User:Conservative|Conservative]] 20:12, 29 March 2012 (EDT)
::::OK, you think that, but it requires proof. Do you have any such proof? I will say that there seems to be abundant proof that they do exist from reputable sources, so, if you want to support this theory, I would suggest finding reputable proof to support your hypothesis. - unsigned addition by User:Conservapediabias, Nov. 29, 2016
:::::See the [[Homosexuality in animals myth]] page. [[User:VargasMilan|VargasMilan]] ([[User talk:VargasMilan|talk]]) 23:36, 29 November 2016 (EST)

== References ==

<references/>

== Stalking Horse ==

Don't we need some evidence of intent before deciding that Santorum was a stalking horse for Romney? Was Nader a stalking horse for Bush in 2000? He certainly did more to hurt Gore than Santorum did to hurt Gingrich --[[User:JustinD|JustinD]] 20:57, 10 April 2012 (EDT)

:I have an [[open mind]] about whether Santorum was a [[stalking horse]] for Romney. But what other plausible explanation is there for the abrupt pull-out by Santorum at this time, stranding so many [[conservatives]] who had rallied behind him?--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 21:42, 10 April 2012 (EDT)
::Winning less than half as many delegates as Romney. A sick kid at home. Nothing near the financial resources that Romney has. Poll leads in his home state that weren't incredibly solid. [[User:DVMRoberts|DVMRoberts]] 22:03, 10 April 2012 (EDT)
:::Just speculating, but I'd say the potential loss in Pennsylvania had to play a big part in his timing. It's been clear for a while now that he didn't really have much of a chance of turning things around this time out, but the longer he could stay competitive, the more influence he'd have going forward. A loss in his home state would have cost him a lot of credibility he's gained these last few months. It's also not implausible that Romney made some pseudo-promises behind the scenes that now allow him to cancel what was going to be a huge ad buy in Pennsylvania. At any rate, if you/we/Conservapedia still have an open mind about Santorum's status as a stalking horse, is it really an appropriate time to count this as an example of [[Conservapedia proven right]]?[[User:JustinD|JustinD]] 00:40, 11 April 2012 (EDT)
:::: Yeah, it seems silly to proclaim [[Conservapedia proven right]] about something that isn't even clear is true yet. And if Conservapedia did indeed think Santorum was just a stalking horse for Romney, why has it portrayed Santorum as the conservative alternative to Romney for the past few months? Why was this prediction from two years ago not brought up weeks ago? --[[User:BradleyS|BradleyS]] 01:56, 11 April 2012 (EDT)
:::::Although this will unfortunately make me sound like a jerk, this really isn't the place for those questions. Can we focus on trying to improve this particular article? I do appreciate the pro not-yet-a-stalking-horse sentiment though. --[[User:JustinD|JustinD]] 02:09, 11 April 2012 (EDT)
:::::: I think those questions are relevant. Conservapedia is claiming have been proven right about X when it doesn't appear to have actually believed in X and X hasn't been shown to be true. That's about as far away as 'proven right' as you can be. Hence an improvement of this article would be to remove the entry. --[[User:BradleyS|BradleyS]] 12:01, 11 April 2012 (EDT)
:::::::You're right. Sorry about that and carry on. I guess I was more tired than I thought last night. --[[User:JustinD|JustinD]] 12:50, 11 April 2012 (EDT)

::::::::It was asked "why has it portrayed Santorum as the conservative alternative to Romney for the past few months?" - Answer: because, obviously, voters '''''perceived''''' "Santorum as the [[conservative]] alternative to Romney." The strength of the votes for that conservative alternative was significant.

::::::::What Santorum's own intentions have been are, of course, another matter. The sbrupt timing of his pull-out seemed to have been coordinated with the Romney campaign, or at least to help him. Gingrich didn't pull out.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 15:32, 11 April 2012 (EDT)
:::::::::Exactly. I completely agree. This strongly hints that Santorum might not be as conservative as Romney really is (perhaps the plan was something like this; Romney would appeal to moderates while Santorum distracted the easily amused Liberals as Romney gained support. Now with his "shield" down Liberals have spent all their ammo on Santorum so Romney can advance as the real, true Conservative? When you think about it it's brilliant; the Republicans appear to compromise with the more simpleminded voters when in reality the Conservative train steams ahead with more power than ever! [[User:Insel|Insel]] 00:01, 19 April 2012 (EDT)

== Another case of selective reading.... ==

That's bordering the ridiculous: Aschlafly, have you read your source beyond the headline? Surely you want to differ between man-made quakes and natural ones! And a quote from the article: "''America's Natural Gas Alliance, which represents major energy companies involved in natural gas fracking, said it was difficult to conclude anything based on an unpublished abstract. ''" So perhaps you want to wait for the scientific article until you declare triumph - or will this be another article you quote, but don't read? [[User:AugustO|AugustO]] 14:05, 22 April 2012 (EDT)

:You seem to be focusing on the [[hearsay]] in the article, which of course would be [[inadmissible]] in court for its lack of reliability. The article is cite here for its admissible factual content, which is that large earthquakes are increasing.

:Please see [[hearsay society]] for an enlightening discussion of the key distinction.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 14:13, 22 April 2012 (EDT)

::I think AugustO's point is that although Conservapedia is technically correct in saying the number of earthquakes is increasing, there is a very real possibility that the increase is due to recent human activity. If this is the case, the increase in earthquakes is not a logical counterexample to an old Earth. Even though the increase in earthquakes has not been conclusively linked to fracking, ignoring this possibility and claiming the counterexample to be definitively true is an example of [[deliberate ignorance]] or [[closed-mindedness]]. --[[User:Toadaron|AaronT]] 15:16, 22 April 2012 (EDT)

:::Previously there was denial that earthquakes are increasing. Conservapedia was correct about that, and there's no denying that now, right? As to why, that's a separate issue, but the claim that mankind is causing this is implausible.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 15:21, 22 April 2012 (EDT)

::::To answer your question, yes, you are correct. Whether this item belongs in this article and whether it belongs in [[Counterexamples to an Old Earth]] are two seperate issues. --[[User:Toadaron|AaronT]] 15:31, 22 April 2012 (EDT)

:::::Aschlafly would be correct if his claim were that ''the number of magnitude 3 and greater earthquakes increases dramatically in an area that includes Arkansas, Colorado, Oklahoma, New Mexico and Texas''.
:::::But his claim is ''Large earthquakes are increasing in frequency.'' That's quite a difference!
:::::And calling ''the claim that mankind is causing this'' [...] ''implausible'' seems to be a sign of severe closed-mindedness! [[User:AugustO|AugustO]] 16:17, 22 April 2012 (EDT)

== Predicted Increase in Premature Graying ==

Mr. Schlafly, I know from the [[Andy Schlafly|article about you]] that you have a background in law and engineering, two fields that highly value logic, evidence, and truth. So you must understand that one nonspecific example of one case of premature graying at one point in time - or even the few example given in the [[Counterexample to an Old Earth]] page - does not nearly offer rigorous proof that premature graying is increasing. (Not to mention the almost nonexistent relationship between premature graying and the age of the Earth.) --[[User:Randall7|Randall7]] 23:19, 28 April 2012 (EDT)

:The example is specific, and one case can prove a theory. The solitary example of [[Christ]] rising from the dead does prove several theories in [[Christianity]].

:With young people having gray hair with increasing frequency, this does suggest that the slope of man's developmental path is a much sharper incline (downward) than Old Earth believers claim.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 23:46, 28 April 2012 (EDT)

::Of course you are correct that there are some theories that can be proven true with a single example. But this is certainly not one of them. To prove your claim is true, you need to present a substantial amount of data from the past as well as from the present. At the risk of being called part of the [[Hearsay society]], I am going to suggest you present some credible references. (Also, I called the example on this page nonspecific because the "Result" column does not give the person's name or a reference.) --[[User:Randall7|Randall7]] 00:25, 29 April 2012 (EDT)

:::Good point about the need for specificity. The link is on the front page but this entry should identify the person. I've corrected that.

:::Your request for references is unpersuasive, as evidence is abundant in daily life. Would anyone ask [[Jesus]] for a reference after telling the parable of the [[Prodigal Son]]?--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 00:31, 29 April 2012 (EDT)

::::I appreciate your point - I doubt anyone asked Jesus for references during his numerous speeches/sermons. But even though it may be obvious to you that the age of onset of gray hair is rapidly decreasing, it may not be obvious to many readers of Conservapedia, so providing substantial evidence would be useful to these readers. --[[User:Randall7|Randall7]] 00:41, 29 April 2012 (EDT)
::::::No, but you're not Jesus. You need to provide citations to factual claims when asked. You should do it before being asked really. I know you know this. [[User:NKeaton|Nate]] 10:02, 29 April 2012 (EDT)
And now we see the "Hearsay Society" defense (...or, as I call it, the "Go Away, You Bother Me" defense) in action. Look Randall, look Nate: I've been coming to this website since 2007. Here's how it works. As stated above, one of the people who never have to provide evidence for their claims is Jesus Christ Himself. The other is Andy Schlafly. People are going gray earlier. Just roll with it, 'cause you ain't gonna get any more than "It's self-evident" or "One case proves the theory." Just kick back and enjoy the fun. [[User:Sylvain|Sylvain]] 10:05, 29 April 2012 (EDT)
:Nonsense. Mr. Schlafly uses citations all the time. He just needs to cite it his point. [[User:NKeaton|Nate]] 10:11, 29 April 2012 (EDT)
::Mr. Schlafly supported a user who created a template expressly designed to do away with the need for citations. Thus the invention of the notion of the "Hearsay Society." Mr. Schlafly just now on this very page is arguing that, like Jesus Christ, his assertions on this matter are obvious and require no corroborating data. Mr. Schlafly re-wrote the Bible when that particular "data-set," if you would, did not correspond to his own beliefs, and has used articles about events that happened billions of years ago in order to advance the cause of a young creation. Mr. Schlafly has what one might call an interesting approach to the idea of how evidence might support an argument. [[User:Sylvain|Sylvain]] 10:16, 29 April 2012 (EDT)

:::The [[Hearsay Society]] is the ultimate haven for anyone who denies [[logic]] and, in this case, the increasingly premature graying apparent all around in daily life. [[Pharisees]] used the same escape hatch to avoid accepting the compelling parables and indisputable reasoning.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 10:19, 29 April 2012 (EDT)
::::Not it's not apparent at all because none of us is 6000 years old, assuming YEC is why you're saying this it seems to me that arguing without citing authority where necessary is the ultimate escape hatch for anyone who denies logic because arguments are built on supported factual premises. We have no idea how grey people were at age 30 before the invention of photography unless you've got some citations. And you're still not Jesus. This grey hair stuff is not remotely similar to Jesus's sayings and you know it. You're also getting hearsay wrong. It has nothing to do with citing authority. [[User:NKeaton|Nate]] 10:38, 29 April 2012 (EDT)
ASchlafly, most people who are asked for a bit of evidence to back up a controversial claim don't retreat to constructing societal models out of whole cloth and then charging their interlocutors with being members of that made-up society. Nor do they compare their own arguments to those of the Lord. [[User:Sylvain|Sylvain]] 10:56, 29 April 2012 (EDT)
:::::Wait a minute here Mr. Schlafly - are you suggesting I'm part of this "hearsay society" and that by asking you for a citation to show that people are prematurely graying I'm "continuing the don't-think-for-yourself tradition started by the Pharisees"? [[User:NKeaton|Nate]] 12:33, 29 April 2012 (EDT)
:::::::That's exactly what he's doing. I'm curious as to why you would find this surprising. [[User:Sylvain|Sylvain]] 12:57, 29 April 2012 (EDT)
:Jesus was infalible. You, Aschlafly, are not. He did not need to provide citations but unless you are now comparing yourself to Jesus you, Aschlafly as a falible human, do. [[User:Davidspencer|Davidspencer]] 11:56, 29 April 2012 (EDT)
:Also - but please correct me if I'm wrong - Jesus did not tell the Parable of the Prodigal Son as a true story, but, well, as a parable. --[[User:FrederickT3|FrederickT3]] 12:59, 29 April 2012 (EDT)

::Jesus told the [[parable]] as a true story about the good side of human nature. It was not merely fiction. Notice how no one asked Him to provide a citation that human nature was really like this. Instead, listeners of the [[Prodigal Son]] then and now think for themselves, and recognize its truth without resorting to a demand for [[hearsay]].--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 13:07, 29 April 2012 (EDT)
:::So you feel yourself to be on a level with Jesus? You feel that because he, the infaliable Son of God, was not asked for a citation then you should not be? Less than 300 years ago you would have been burnt at the stake for making such a claim. You should really reconsider your hubris, and then ask for forgivness for your pride. And then provide a citation - or withdraw your claim. [[User:Davidspencer|Davidspencer]] 13:31, 29 April 2012 (EDT)
::::But ASchlafly, you yourself said that [[parable| a parable is "a fictional narrative."]] Is it a true story or fiction? It cannot be both. [[User:Sylvain|Sylvain]] 13:34, 29 April 2012 (EDT)

:::::Sylvain, do you think the correct answer to a word problem in math is "merely fiction"? I don't think so.

:::::David, I don't think Christians burned anyone at the stake for making observations about premature graying, without citation.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 13:58, 29 April 2012 (EDT)
For those of you who argue that Andy Schlafly is not infalible and needs to supply sources, keep in mind that by your own argument you need to supply sources that Andy is not infalible if you wish to state it. I doubt you can. [[User:JacobJ|JacobJ]] 14:16, 29 April 2012 (EDT)
:::::::Edit Conflict: No, but they very well might have burned someone who claimed that his pronouncements were as clear and obvious as those of the Lord. And I'm not sure you can equate word problems with empirical statements about the observable world. I could write a word problem about a train taking 20 minutes to go from Baltimore to Chicago, and for the sake of the word problem, that's fine. It's not the same as saying "a train take 20 minutes to go from Baltimore to Chicago, and only a Pharisee would question my word," which is essentially what you are doing here. [[User:Sylvain|Sylvain]]

::::::::So is the correct answer to a word problem "merely fiction," or not? And, by the way, Christians did not burn people at the stake as much as [[public schools]] might lead people to believe. Opponents of Christianity have been far more violent throughout history.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 14:25, 29 April 2012 (EDT)
Let's leave the questions of public schools and burning at the stake aside for the purposes of this discussion. The issue here is whether or not a constructed word problem is the same as an empirical claim about the world. I could construct a word problem where the correct answer is that the train took 20 minutes to get from Baltimore to Chicago. That says nothing about an actual train. You are making a claim about grey hair and when asked for evidence, your position seems to be "Jesus didn't need to provide evidence for his parables, and neither do I for this claim." This implies, to the casual observer, that you think that your claims have the same authority as those of the Lord. Do you not see how the reader might raise his eyebrows at such a position? [[User:Sylvain|Sylvain]] 14:31, 29 April 2012 (EDT)

:OK, suppose it wasn't Jesus who told the [[Prodigal Son]], but someone else. Would anyone ask for references to confirm how the story illustrates a truth about life?--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 15:28, 29 April 2012 (EDT)

::Someone might ask not for references to confirm that the story tells a truth about life, but for references that the events mentioned in the story actually happened. However, whether or not the story happened or not doesn't change the lesson implied in the story. I get that. But you're not simply telling a story to impart a larger lesson. You are making an empirical claim about the world, having to do with the occurrence of gray hairs. The only evidence you seem to give is "Just like Jesus, I don't need any proof." But Jesus wasn't talking about an actual son and an actual father in the parable--he was telling a story. He could have made it all up in order to illustrate the lesson; that doesn't make the lesson any less valid. Story-telling is not making an empirical claim. Surely you can see the difference. Either 1. You do not understand the difference between metaphor and observable reality, or 2. You believe that your word is as unquestionable as that of Jesus Christ Himself. [[User:Sylvain|Sylvain]] 15:52, 29 April 2012 (EDT)

== Opportunities for improvement ==

I recently stumbled upon this article after a link to it was featured on the main page. After reviewing the article and it's subsequent talk page discussion, I believe I have found a few areas that could stand some attention.

# '''Ambiguousness of predictions''' - Many of the predictions are vague and offer little in the way of an objectively measurable outcome. To be effective, predictions should be as specific as possible, with indisputable results.
# '''Links to predictions''' - Very few of the list items reference the article (and exact edit) on Conservapedia where the actual prediction was made. Critics of the project could easily claim that predictions were being made after-the-fact once the final outcome was known. Citing the specific edit where the prediction was made would preemptively silence such criticism.
# '''"Liberal claptrap" responses''' - Like the predictions themselves, only a minuscule amount of the alleged liberal uproar is actually documented.
# '''The results''' - Surprisingly many of the results do not link to any external source, where the reader can review the material and reach their own conclusion about the accuracy of the prediction.

--[[User:DonnyC|DonnyC]] 15:06, 10 January 2013 (EST)

:You're welcome to add more references, but the predictions and outcomes are so clear and well-known that even more references are hardly necessary.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 14:10, 15 January 2013 (EST)

== Item on Armstrong is somewhat ridiculous ==

Lance Armstrong was stripped from his titles in August 2012, so adding him in September 2012 to the list of overrated sport-starts doesn't take a visionary... --[[User:AugustO|AugustO]] 11:46, 15 January 2013 (EST)

:May seem obvious now, but as you can see from the reference there was objection in September 2012 to including him in the [[Overrated Sports Stars]] entry.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 12:02, 15 January 2013 (EST)
::I remember this well, as I reinserted the entry. So there were two editors ([[User:Wonders]] and [[User:AugustO]]) who thought that he was overrated, and other Conservapedians disagreed: you have enough convenient predictions to cover any outcome.... --[[User:AugustO|AugustO]] 13:58, 15 January 2013 (EST)

:::No, because the deniers were not "Conservapedians" in many meaningful sense. Conservapedians said he was overrated, and non-Conservapedians disagreed.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 14:08, 15 January 2013 (EST)

*the article on [[Lance Armstrong]] was created in '''Sep 2007'''. The first reference to drug abuse was inserted in '''Jan 2012'''
*In '''Sep 2007''' wikipedia's [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lance_Armstrong&oldid=156195303#Allegations_of_drug_use article on Armstrong] already had a long section named '''Allegations of drug use'''
So even if you claim that Conservapedia was proven right, it came quite late to the party... --[[User:AugustO|AugustO]] 14:34, 15 January 2013 (EST)
::::"Predicting" that Armstrong is overrated in September is a bit like "predicting" that Obama would win the election ... on the 7th of November. --[[User:DamianJohn|DamianJohn]] 15:12, 15 January 2013 (EST)

:::::[[Liberal denial]] about Armstrong continued well past September. There are probably atheist websites today that still list him as being great.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 17:47, 15 January 2013 (EST)

:::::''[[Liberal denial]] about Armstrong continued well past September.'' Evidence?
:::::''There are probably atheist websites today that still list him as being great.'' Link?
:::::There are those thinks called ''facts''... --[[User:AugustO|AugustO]] 17:57, 15 January 2013 (EST)

::::::Liberal companies including a beer company and Nike continued to endorse Armstrong for months after September. Now, do you need a citation for that too???--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 18:59, 15 January 2013 (EST)

:::::::Just citations which show that [[Anheuser Bush]] and [[Nike]] are liberal companies... --[[User:AugustO|AugustO]] 19:20, 15 January 2013 (EST)

::::::::Oh please ... is it really necessary to provide a citation that Nike and a beer company are liberal???--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 19:30, 15 January 2013 (EST)

:::::::::Yes. In my country, beer companies belong to the most conservative companies imaginable. And [[Anheuser Bush]] doesn't strike me as a kind of micro-brewery.
:::::::::--[[User:AugustO|AugustO]] 19:32, 15 January 2013 (EST)
::::::::::Both Nike and Budd dropped him, presumably after looking in detail at their legal options. Besides I cannot imagine how you would even begin to argue that Nike is a "liberal" company - they are one of the biggest exploiters of cheap labour in the world; they are famous for having extremely lax safety standards for employees, and being in favour of countries that reduce them as much as possible. I'm not familiar with the beer company, but given their size I doubt they would meet any sensible definition of liberal. As for "I'm sure there are atheist websites who endorse him still"; that is a meaningless statement unless you actually cite one. --[[User:DamianJohn|DamianJohn]] 21:07, 15 January 2013 (EST)
::::::::It's difficult for me to imagine any corporation as "liberal." When the primary motivator is profit, groups and individuals tend to go conservative. --[[User:CamilleT|CamilleT]] 00:41, 16 January 2013 (EST)

:::::::::Big corporations have never been friendly to the conservative movement. Except for the union issue, big corporations tend to support liberals.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 00:54, 16 January 2013 (EST)
::::::::::I think the opposite is the case (take, for example, the membership of ALEC). [[User:GregG|GregG]] 01:14, 16 January 2013 (EST)
:::::::::::(EC)And tax policy, and health and safety, and welfare, and discrimination laws, and minimum wages, and healthcare, and political finance reform and etc etc ad nauseum. --[[User:DamianJohn|DamianJohn]] 01:18, 16 January 2013 (EST)
Rupert Murdock a liberal? [[User:AlanE|AlanE]] 00:58, 16 January 2013 (EST)

: Rupert Murdoch is whatever will further his business interests. He has at various times supported both sides of politics when doing so helps his various business interests. [[User:Dvergne|Dvergne]] 01:13, 16 January 2013 (EST)

:: ''The Australian, "The Times of London", "The Wall Street Journal"'', those rubbish tabloids in Britain. New York and in the various state capitals in Australia - "liberal" papers, Dvergne? [[User:AlanE|AlanE]] 01:38, 16 January 2013 (EST)

This is like shooting fish in a barrel guys - just follow the money. In 2012, Anheuser Busch donated [https://www.opensecrets.org/pacs/lookup2.php?strID=C00034488 55% of its PAC money to Republicans, 45% to Democrats]. Since 2003, it has donated [http://www.followthemoney.org/database/topcontributor.phtml?u=207 45% of its money to Republicans, and 38% to Democrats]. In 2012, Nike donated [http://www.opensecrets.org/pacs/lookup2.php?strID=C00142786 63% to Republicans, 37% to Democrats]. Since 2004, Nike has given [http://www.opensecrets.org/pacs/lookup2.php?strID=C00142786 43% to Republicans, 40% to Democrats]. Although neither are 'overwhelmingly GOP', like, for example, [http://www.opensecrets.org/pacs/lookup2.php?strID=C00236489 Koch Industries] (98% Republican, 2% Democrat), if the Nike and Anheuser Busch numbers were election results, they would be called a "landslide" for Republicans. The vast majority of corporations will be found to be like this - it's in their interest to support less regulation, lower business taxes, etc, and they almost all line up to support conservatives. [[User:Wonders|Wonders]] 12:27, 18 January 2013 (EST)

:The donations by corporations to Republicans are typically to '''''liberal''''' Republicans, some of whom are more liberal than many Democrats.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 19:30, 18 January 2013 (EST)
::But Anheuser-Busch is a member of ALEC, at least according to [http://www.commoncause.org/atf/cf/%7BFB3C17E2-CDD1-4DF6-92BE-BD4429893665%7D/cied_35-day_mailing_2011_annual_meeting%20New%20Orleans.pdf this source]. I don't think they would belong to ALEC if they were liberal. [[User:GregG|GregG]] 20:13, 18 January 2013 (EST)
:::Not to mention that Anheuser-Busch donated to Andy's favorite candidate [[Todd Akin]]. --[[User:DonnyC|DonnyC]] 20:32, 18 January 2013 (EST)

== Relay ==

I read [http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/energy/2013/02/130208-super-bowl-blackout-cause/ the National Geographic article], and it appears that the argument is whether the relay mechanically failed or whether it was improperly set. Nothing suggests that relay or its use was not at fault, and certainly nothing suggests that energy rationing of any sort contributed to the outage. Please fix this. Thanks, [[User:GregG|GregG]] 21:25, 9 February 2013 (EST)

:A low setting on a relay (or fuse) would result from guidelines based on rationing energy.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 22:05, 9 February 2013 (EST)
::Relays almost never fail, and stadiums almost never go dark. You can't prove that a relay didn't cause a blackout by saying that relays almost never fail, just as liberals can't prove that God didn't create the world because worlds almost never are created. --[[User:Praymond|Praymond]] 11:30, 27 May 2013 (EDT)
::There are several other, more plausible reasons. It could have been to prevent larger-scale blackouts due to interruption in the power coming into the stadium. It could have been to reduce the risk of fire (the same kind of reason why circuit breakers in your home trip). Or, the setting may have been too low simply due to human error. The details should be sorted out soon through investigation. [[User:GregG|GregG]] 22:31, 9 February 2013 (EST)

== Media bullying ==

A simple google search shows that the term "media bullying" was already in use before Conservapedia purportedly coined it. [[User:Onestone|Onestone]] 09:48, 10 March 2013 (EDT)

:Were prior uses elsewhere of the term "[[media bullying]]" in the same rich meaning as the usage here?--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 10:24, 10 March 2013 (EDT)
::You claim (and literally wrote) that Conservapedia coined the ''term''. However, judging from your reply, what you probably intended to write was that Conservapedia merely coined the highly particular ''usage'' of the term. That is an essential difference. [[User:Onestone|Onestone]] 09:13, 11 March 2013 (EDT)

== Explained that abortion increases the risk of breast cancer ==

The article cited as proof that abortion increases the risk of breast cancer mentions nothing about abortions, nothing about ''Roe V Wade'' being connected with the increase of cancer in young women. Quote: "Why more young women would be presenting with tumors that have already spread to bone, brain, lungs, or other distant sites ''isn't clear, they noted. Rising obesity rates, changes in alcohol and tobacco use, and genetics are possible causes, according to Dr. Thomas Julian, director of surgical oncology at Allegheny General Hospital in Pittsburgh."
''

If you want to find a connection, or have some proof, I recommend adding it, but this is not that proof. Doesn't even come close. It just so happens that the studies started a few years after ''Roe V Wade'' was decided. There is not even a casual connection between the two mentioned in this article. [[User:Vyselink|Vyselink]] 15:03, 26 March 2013 (EDT)

:Newspaper articles often do have the problem of [[liberal denial]], but are cited here for the facts they contain.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 20:09, 12 May 2013 (EDT)
::The article's fact's also don't support the conclusion I'm afraid, which ultimately doesn't make a good case for this thesis. It states:
::The steepest uptick occurred in the most recent era from 2000-2009, during which incidence rose 3.6 percent per year.
::Keeping in mind that the study is about women in the 25-39 age group, the group around 2000 (before the uptick) are not pre-abortion. Even the oldest (age 39) member of the least cancerous cohort (in 2000) would have been age 12 when Roe v. Wade was decided in January 1973. In other words, even the early, healthy, group in the study were of child-bearing age in the abort era. As much as I'd like for this study to support this case, I don't see how it does. [[User:MelH|MelH]] 15:32, 2 July 2013 (EDT)

Here is a link to a reputable source that more than confirms the hypothesis.http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-1288955/Abortion-triple-risk-breast-cancer.html
--[[User:Tomqua|Tomqua]] 16:02, 2 July 2013 (EDT)

==Tamerlan Tsarnaev==
Does anyone else feel like this might be jumping the gun a little?? "Tamerlan Tsarnaev '''probably''' murdered his friend on a 9/11 anniversary, and DNA '''likely''' proves it." The words "probably" and "likely" are not synonyms for "proven right"... especially not when the [[Conservapedia proven right#cite note-56|only citation provided]] is a link back to the [[Main Page|same statement]] (without any external source at the time of this posting) on the main page of this very website. I honestly haven't followed the murder case at all and have no idea what is going on with it, but the information provided here is far from convincing to me. [[User:Fnarrow|Fnarrow]] 00:24, 12 May 2013 (EDT)
:I stand corrected, there is now a [http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Justice/2013/0511/Tsarnaev-2011-murders-Boston-bombing-brothers-also-could-be-linked-to-earlier-deaths source] provided on the main page... however, it very clearly states that the evidence only points to them being in the area on the day of the murder and circumstantial at best. Like I said above, I haven't been following the case so I don't know all the details, I just feel it's a little premature to claim CP was proven right on this. [[User:Fnarrow|Fnarrow]] 00:33, 12 May 2013 (EDT)
::I don't see any "liberal bias" or right-vs-left in any of this. All Americans believe that the Boston Marathon bombing, carjacking, police shootouts etc. were horrible behavior. It is an opportunity for the nation to pull together to respond to this. We all want the police and the criminal justice system to work effectively to identify all related crimes and any possible co-conspirators. America demands a complete and professional investigation. Thanks, [[User:Wschact|Wschact]] 01:13, 12 May 2013 (EDT)

:::Within days the DNA evidence from the [[9/11]] triple-murder was compared with the DNA of Tamerlan Tsarnaev, and they likely matched. (If they didn't match, then authorities would surely say so.) '''''Yet [[liberal denial]] about the DNA match continues'''''.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 19:57, 12 May 2013 (EDT)

==Proposed Enhancements==
It seems my recent edit to this page was more controversial than I intended. I wanted to apologize to the project for the problems that I caused--it was never my intent to remove substantive material. I believe the lay out of the chart can be enhanced, and the following is my proposed methodology. I will not endeavor to make these changes without approval. Each of these phases would be enacted in separate edits with significant time in between them to facilitate review.
 -First: Standardization of the dates. Currently, there is no standard. Some dates are seasons while others are ranges, and those with specific dates are displayed with no specific style. My proposed standardization is as follows--for dates: (Full Month) (Day) (Year). for those that are currently seasons or ranges, I will search for the first relevant edit and use that as the date. I will provide a citation.
 -Second: Citation of Claims. After completing phase one, my intent is to revisit the table and provide internal citations to all predication made.
 -Third: Citation of Results. After completing phase two, my intent is to revisit the table and provide citations to all results.
 -Fourth: Sortability of Table. After completing phase three, my intent is to edit the formatting to create a sort-able table.

I believe these enhancements will improve the visual appeal of the table. Further, I believe these enhancements embody an important principle: credit where credit is due. Conservapedia has often made bold predictions and has been proven right time and time again. Although it is improper to brag, we ought to take pride in, and document, the project's success.

Again, my apologies for any complications my previous edits caused. [[User:WilliamWB|WilliamWB]] 11:22, 23 May 2013 (EDT)

:I'm fine with the addition of citations, and with standardizing the form for dates is good too. I don't see how sortability will be a problem. The reason I reverted prior edits to this entry was that content changed. For example, and I don't know if this was your edit, but a correct statement about Manning throwing interceptions in the final key game was changed to incorrectly state that Tebow had done so.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 16:22, 23 May 2013 (EDT)

::As I work through adding dates and internal citations, I have noticed that the archive page of In The News ends in December 2011. Were the months January-December 2012 archived? I ask because searching the archives is simpler than my current method of searching through revision histories. Thanks, [[User:WilliamWB|WilliamWB]] 09:06, 27 May 2013 (EDT)

:::I think 2012 is archived here: [http://www.conservapedia.com/Main_Page/Previous_Conservapedia_Breaking_News].--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 09:23, 27 May 2013 (EDT)

::::Ah, great! I was looking at the general archives page here: [http://www.conservapedia.com/Main_Page/Previous_Conservapedia_Breaking_News/Archives] Thanks, [[User:WilliamWB|WilliamWB]] 11:55, 27 May 2013 (EDT)

==Variability of the Speed of Light==

I suggest deleting the point about the speed of light being variable. The article sited does not in fact say this. It states that the speed of light is constant but that space is not the complete vacuum previously thought. Thus the speed of light is slightly slower traveling through space as it is in any non vacuum. [[User:CenterK|CenterK]] 01:53, 1 July 2013 (EDT)

== The expert, number two seed, Andy Murray won the men's tournament; defeating a field of "best of publics". ==

What does this have to do with a page documenting Conservapedia's correct predictions? Should it not be on a page, if it exists, of incorrect predictions? [[User:EddyJ|EddyJ]] 14:33, 7 July 2013 (EDT)

:I don't see what the victory by the #2 seed in the men's tourney has to do with this. No one is claiming that the experts '''''always''''' lose and underachieve, but they often fail - rougly 50% of the time judging by the [[Wimbledon]] results.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 15:17, 7 July 2013 (EDT)
::Exactly. Thanks for the insight. [[User:EddyJ|EddyJ]] 15:22, 7 July 2013 (EDT)
:::What insight? To suggest that ''anyone'' who gets as far as Wimbledon isn't an "expert" is vacuous at best. The "best of the public" are playing tennis in their gardens or at the local club. The only thing they do at Wimbledon is watch. Every single player there is by any reasonable definition an expert. --[[User:ECornwell|ECornwell]] 17:21, 7 July 2013 (EDT)

::::Why stop there? Why not say that the "public" are people who are playing tennis for the first time. Then we can be sure the public won't win.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 18:07, 7 July 2013 (EDT)
:ok so who isn't public? Just players who have won before?--[[User:Iduan|I]][[User_talk:Iduan|Duan]] 18:31, 7 July 2013 (EDT)

::"Experts" are people like tenured college professors, a select few whom liberals claim know more than anyone else. For athletes, "experts" are the ones who get the big endorsements and hype. The public are those who try just as hard as the experts, but lack the recognition by liberals, sometimes due to political bias.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 18:59, 7 July 2013 (EDT)
:::You're insane.--[[User:ErinTH|ErinTH]] 19:17, 7 July 2013 (EDT)
:::::I'd have to second Erin here. You do understand that "effort" without results isn't rewarded in sports, right? Particularly tennis has nothing to do with effort - it has to do with who has had the most success in tournaments.--[[User:Iduan|I]][[User_talk:Iduan|Duan]] 02:06, 8 July 2013 (EDT)
:::I get what Mr Schlafly is saying, but I think I would label the concept differently. The public in this sense are those who are not well known within the general population but only within their own sport. Serena Williams is well known throughout the world. I would guess their are those who know who she is but unaware she is a tennis player whilst Marion Bartoli is not well known outside the tennis community and her home country. So maybe she is public-plus or expert-minus as she has made over 8 million dollars during her career--[[User:Tomqua|Tomqua]] 23:35, 7 July 2013 (EDT)
::::And I guess Serena Williams used to be "best of the public" before she became well known. After that she was an "expert". --[[User:HyramF|HyramF]] 23:44, 7 July 2013 (EDT)

== 15th seed ==

15th seed is best of the public?!?! So the 15th ranked expert in the world is now best of the public? [[User:JAnderson|Jacob]] [[User talk:Anderson|Anderson]] 10:23, 15 July 2013 (EDT)

== 15th seed ==

15th seed is best of the public?!?! So the 15th ranked expert in the world is now best of the public? [[User:JAnderson|Jacob]] [[User talk:Anderson|Anderson]] 10:23, 15 July 2013 (EDT)

:The 15th seed is far below the top four seeds who are expected by experts to produce the winner.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 11:11, 15 July 2013 (EDT)

::So a functioning definition of 'the best of the public' is anyone outside the top four recognized world experts in a particular field?--[[User:DHouser|DHouser]] 16:23, 16 July 2013 (EDT)

== "There are no black holes" ==

This is sensationalist. “The absence of event horizons means that there are no black holes — in the sense of regimes from which light can't escape to infinity.” If Hawking is correct, then black holes still exist, just not in the way previously thought. [[User:Darwon|Darwon]] 17:40, 14 December 2014 (EST)

== Why was this removed? ==

I was looking through the page history of this article, and I saw that [http://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Conservapedia_proven_right&diff=1139255&oldid=1139254 this] was removed a while ago with no explanation. This seems like a very good argument for ''Conservapedia proven right'', so I'm just curious why this was removed. --[[User:1990'sguy|1990'sguy]] ([[User talk:1990'sguy|talk]]) 12:32, 28 July 2016 (EDT)

:Good question--that does seem odd. If you don't get a response here in the next few days, you could try asking [[User:Aschlafly|Mr. Schlafly]] directly on [[User talk:Aschlafly|his talk page]]. --[[User:DavidB4|David B]] ([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]]) 12:43, 28 July 2016 (EDT)

::This entry was getting long, and the removal was simply to trim its length. We prefer conciseness here, in contrast with Wikipedia.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] ([[User talk:Aschlafly|talk]]) 15:11, 28 July 2016 (EDT)

:::I still think this should stay, as it is a very good example of how Conservapedia was right the entire time. Maybe we could create sub-articles for this page to keep it concise, as with [[Examples of Bias in Wikipedia]]. --[[User:1990'sguy|1990'sguy]] ([[User talk:1990'sguy|talk]]) 18:27, 30 July 2016 (EDT)
The reason for the deletion is clear to one who has been around Conservapedia for a while; you're new here.

Let me explain. In a nutshell, the deleted item was put in by user [http://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Special:Contributions/Conservative&offset=&limit=500&target=Conservative Conservative], known a "Cons" for short. It was inappropriate for the ''Conservapedia proven right'' page.

Cons spends most of his time developing what might be called a "subculture" here at Conservapedia, focusing obsessively on a few topics like atheism, its connection with obesity, PZ Meyers, Richard Dawkins, homosexuality, Christianity, and utterly specious speculations about the connection between demographic trends and religious trends. He also occasionally comments on topics of politics and current affairs, and those comments are often intelligent and interesting. But most of his writing is totally inane.

Sometimes his inane writings leak out into "mainstream" articles at Conservapedia, the kinds of articles that the rest of us might be interested in. ''Conservapedia proven right'' is such a page. I disagree with most of what is in it, but at least that page is attempting to make sense.

When this happens, Andy Schlafly, the owner of this site, often steps in and deletes Cons's contributions. You see this most often in the Main page, where Andy deletes Cons's work fairly regularly. But he also cleans things up on other pages, and that is what you saw on the ''Conservapedia proven right'' page.

A sub-article for this is not necessary. Cons has written about this many times in many places.

[[User:SamHB|SamHB]] ([[User talk:SamHB|talk]]) 20:57, 30 July 2016 (EDT)

== Why I removed some stuff ==

Let me explain my edits:
"|The ratings of Fox News drops to a 12-year low, doing particularly poorly among the 25-54 age group." - does not prove RINOfication of Fox News. Viewership does not have a direct link to political content.

"|Liberal colleges and liberal press do not give enough attention to the issue of picking a college major. Nor does the liberal press sufficiently warn about future protests. Liberal press does not give adequate coverage to the issue of higher education moral corruption. Liberal press and liberal academia do not sufficiently warn about the poor education universities and colleges are often providing. " - But they never said that certain majors were worse, which would have been the only direct proof.

"|An unspeakable slaughter of 20 elementary school children occurred in Newtown, Connecticut by a 20-year-old player of violent video games, followed by a mass burning of violent games weeks later." - does not prove the link between video games and murder. In the same way, you could say that the Ford Escape makes you a murderer, as the San Bernardino shooters drove one.

"The lamestream media finally admits what Conservapedia has known for a decade: Fidel Castro is dead. Maybe in another few years they'll acknowledge the Affirmative Action President!" - But they did not prove Castro has been dead for 10 years, only that he is dead by now.
[[User:JGurba|JGurba]] ([[User talk:JGurba|talk]]) 16:57, 18 January 2017 (EDT)

:In my opinion, you do have a point on the first and third edits. The first may have a valid point, but significant assumption is required to claim that there is proof. The third is in the same league as those who say that playing with toy guns will make you a murder. Shooting fake guns does not a murderer make. I will grant that many video games are excessively violent (and I prefer not to play them). However, the conscience is a powerful force, and is not seared by video games. Murder will still be strongly protested by the conscience, unless it has been seared by other actions and thoughts. I see this argument from time to time from some very good, Godly people, but I don't see how they can make such a direct correlation. If killing in a video game make one a murderer, what about all those who kill in the line of duty? Do they instantly become murderers as well? Despite what Hollywood tells us, many of them become or continue being "gentile giants." The mindset it what counts most.
:On number two, I think the point is that they continue ignoring the problem of useless college majors. They accept their generous pay, and leave the students to suffer after graduating, when they find out all they can do is teach (which is a difficult field to enter). On the fourth one, you're right that they didn't come out and say it had happened ten years ago, but this is the first time they've even admitted he is dead. They have been ridiculing anyone who says he died in that hospital, but now they admit he died. They won't admit the extent of their deception (yet), but I say this one still stands.
:I'm willing to debate it further when I have the time, but I think it's a bit hasty to throw all of this out. --[[User:DavidB4|David B]] ([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]]) 22:24, 24 January 2017 (EST)
==Facebook==
I am confused about CP's prediction. Facebook originally had the model that if you post something, all of your friends would see it. It has moved to a revenue model where if you post something, you have to pay to "boost" the post so that more people (including your friends or people who like your page) will see it. So, the drop in organic views is as a result of the new revenue model. [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 07:42, 3 March 2017 (EST)

== relativity, and "celestial signals defy Einstein" ==

The problem was actually that item number 8 was being singled out, a fact which I ridiculed with my comment about "eye-catching title". There is nothing special about that item; it's just one of 49. The correct final outcome should simply be that the number has grown to 49. (And will presumably continue to grow, albeit very slowly.)

I believe that what I put in the "liberal claptrap in response" column is correct. I think Andy and I can agree that people disputing relativity would not get a faculty position or PhD.; we just disagree on the reason for that. Being a liberal or a conservative would not affect this; one's general political stance would not get you off the hook.

People discuss shortcomings of relativity all the time, such as the disconnect with quantum mechanics at the Planck scale. That won't get you sacked. Only complete non-acceptance will.

[[User:SamHB|SamHB]] ([[User talk:SamHB|talk]]) 13:43, 7 March 2017 (EST)

== St. Paul mayor says arrested protesters were from out of state ==

[https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Conservapedia_proven_right&curid=117673&diff=1652765&oldid=1636656 this edit is wrong.] If you read the whole article you'll see those comments were walked back. So this entry is incorrect. [[User:JohnSelway|JohnSelway]] ([[User talk:JohnSelway|talk]]) 00:40, 31 May 2020 (EDT)
:Since when do news organization walk back mistakes? Russia Russia Russia. [[User:RobSmith|RobS]][[User talk:RobSmith|Live Free or Die]] 00:46, 31 May 2020 (EDT)
::Well, I’m not sure what Russia has to do with this but the media didn’t walk it back - the mayor did. So this entry is incorrect and says so in the very article linked. [[User:JohnSelway|JohnSelway]] ([[User talk:JohnSelway|talk]]) 00:53, 31 May 2020 (EDT)
:::Quoting the article - ''However, later Saturday evening, the mayors of both St. Paul and Minneapolis as well as Minnesota Gov. Tim Walz (D) walked back their remarks about those arrested, claiming that they had received inaccurate information about the arrests made in St. Paul. ''. It should be removed. [[User:JohnSelway|JohnSelway]] ([[User talk:JohnSelway|talk]]) 00:56, 31 May 2020 (EDT)
::::[https://www.foxnews.com/politics/st-paul-claim-arrest-out-of-state Fox News confirms it] [[User:JohnSelway|JohnSelway]] ([[User talk:JohnSelway|talk]]) 02:47, 31 May 2020 (EDT)
:::::That point is meaningless. [[User:RobSmith|RobS]][[User talk:RobSmith|Live Free or Die]] 03:26, 31 May 2020 (EDT)
::::::Sure, so a communist Democrat walks back a statement after [[Bill Barr]] made his. [https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/attorney-general-william-p-barr-s-statement-death-george-floyd-and-riots] Blah blah blah. They gonna toss the St. Paul mayor out of the party like they did [[Karen Whitsett]]? [[User:RobSmith|RobS]][[User talk:RobSmith|Live Free or Die]] 03:29, 31 May 2020 (EDT)

== Speed of light ==

(I'll get to the gravitational waves issue later, but this is simpler.)

The original item simply cited the question of whether one thinks the speed of light has varied. That is, that it is reasonable to ask that question. Stated that way, the "liberal claptrap in response" part would just have to say "No, you can't ask that question."

You have to take a stand on this. I infer, from the things various people have said in the past here at CP and at other websites that get cited here, that CP's position is that the speed of light has not changed in this way. I believe that's what the item wanted to say, and I have changed it accordingly. It is now reasonable for the "liberal claptrap in response" part to say, in effect, "No it hasn't." (The previous text there, that the speed changes in different media, was a stupid and complete red herring; everyone knows that; I'm glad you took it out.)

[[User:SamHB|SamHB]] ([[User talk:SamHB|talk]]) 16:53, 2 November 2020 (EST

== Andy's edits of 23:51, October 31, 2020 ==

He reverted a number of things (characterizing them with a favorite overused term -- "pseudo-science"), saying "let's discuss on the talk page first"). So here goes. I may partially restore this stuff in about 2 weeks.
#The change of May 7, 2007: Removal of the nonsense about different media, and its relation to optics, was correct. But Conservapedia has an article on [[C decay]]. that is quite relevant to this and should be referenced.
#The change of November 28, 2009: Google search of what? You can't just say that a Google search shows claptrap; everyone knows Google searches reveal that. But you can't just say that many articles are liberal claptrap when the reader doesn't know where to find those articles or what they are about.
#The change of February 27, 2011: A great many footnotes were removed. Conservapedia does not censor. The footnoted articles have become even more relevant as time has passed and more gravitational wave observations have been made.
[[User:SamHB|SamHB]] ([[User talk:SamHB|talk]]) 19:42, September 25, 2021 (EDT)

== Great edit ==

Great addition debunking the [[liberal]] myth that Chinese eat bats and that is somehow where [[coronavirus]] came from!--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] ([[User talk:Aschlafly|talk]]) 17:30, November 29, 2021 (EST)
:Dark days indeed when the libs have infiltrated [https://www.rt.com/news/478997-bat-soup-china-virus-wuhan/ Russia Today], [https://www.foxnews.com/food-drink/coronavirus-chinese-blogger-eats-bat-soup Fox News] the [https://nypost.com/2020/01/23/revolting-video-shows-woman-devouring-bat-amid-coronavirus-outbreak/ New York Post,] and - my word - the [https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2020/01/gross-scientists-blame-coronavirus-on-bats-in-chinese-province-where-bat-soup-is-served-in-restaurants/ Gateway Pundit]. You should probably try & tell more people about Conservapedia. [[User:ConwayIII|ConwayIII]] ([[User talk:ConwayIII|talk]]) 18:33, November 29, 2021 (EST)
::I dunno, looks more like publishers have Pfizer buying advertising, or the executives hold stock in Pfizer. [[User:RobSmith|RobS]][[User talk:RobSmith|Let's Go Brandon!]] 19:05, November 29, 2021 (EST)

== [[Energy Independence]] ==
(from [[Energy Independence]] Article last edited July 12, 2016):
Conservapedia states that importing [[Energy]] from other nations can weaken countries and that importing [[Oil]] from [[Russia]] weakens [[America]]<ref>https://www.conservapedia.com/Energy_Independence</ref>.

[[Liberal claptrap]]: This won't weaken America, [[Fossil Fuels]] like [[Oil]] are not needed anyway-It is better that we [[The Great Reset| transition to renewable energy]], who cares where we get our [[energy]] from?

Conservapedia proven right: Continuing to Import Russian oil and the [[Biden]] Administration's canceling the American [[Keystone XL]] pipeline while lifting [[Trump's]] sanctions of the Russian [[Nord Stream 2]] pipeline to [[Europe]] ''both'' weakens America and precipitates the 2022 Russian invasion of [[Ukraine]]<ref>https://bariweiss.substack.com/p/the-wests-green-delusions-empowered?utm_source=url&s=</ref><ref>https://energytalkingpoints.com/europe-vulnerability/ Alex Epstein | Vulnerability to Russia was totally preventable</ref><ref>https://www.foxnews.com/media/author-blasts-green-delusions-western-countries-empowered-putin-energy-advantage-europe</ref>.
=== References ===
{{reflist}}

I present this particularly sad instance where Conservapedia was proven right again-FresnoCA 15:28, March 8, 2022 (EST)

:Great new example of [[Conservapedia proven right]], again! I'll add it now.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] ([[User talk:Aschlafly|talk]]) 18:11, March 8, 2022 (EST)
::Thank You!FresnoCA 19:42, March 9, 2022 (EST)

Talk:Conservapedia proven right

2022-03-08T20:57:12Z

FresnoCA: /* Energy Independence */ Deleted extra heading

Talk:Conservapedia proven right

2022-03-08T20:28:59Z

FresnoCA: /* Energy Independence */ new section

The two rows about gold seem repetitive. How about combining into only one row?--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 14:23, 20 November 2011 (EST)
:::It is a lot of information plus Conservapedia mentioned gold and precious metals a lot. But at the same time reportedly positively about having a broad commodity strategy if possible. I think it would make a very long single entry. I will look at it though. [[User:Conservative|Conservative]] 15:18, 20 November 2011 (EST)
::::::I will combine them. [[User:Conservative|Conservative]]

==Nobel Prize Bias==
Just a quick note that the link for the "leak" that Obama's prize was a result of liberal bias in the prize selection process goes to an opinion piece. Seems strange given that it's supposedly trying to prove something. Ideally this source would be a news article rather than an op-ed, or else this position should be removed for inaccuracy. - unsigned addition by User:Conservapediabias, Nov. 29, 2016

==Tim Tebow==
I think it's also worth noting that the only quarterback to have any success with the Jets that season (aside from Tebow, who was never given a chance for fear his performance would inspire viewers to see the truth behind his words about Jesus and conservatism) was not Mark Sanchez, from the liberal bastion of California, but Greg McElroy, from conservative Alabama. Not only did the Jets find no success without Tebow at quarterback, the lone bright spot of their year (a 7-6 win over the Cardinals when McElroy led the team while Tebow was being forcibly kept out by Rex Ryan) came as a result of a conservative calling the shots, rather than a liberal. --[[User:ChrisBaker|ChrisBaker]] 02:07, 27 April 2015 (EDT)

== Neutrinos and the speed of light ==

The article claims that Conservapedia's prediction about the theory of General Relativity being wrong was proven by Neutrinos travelling faster that the speed of light. It has recently been found that this is in fact false, the accuracy of the measurements was affected by a loose fibre optic cable <ref>http://news.sciencemag.org/scienceinsider/2012/02/official-word-on-superluminal-ne.html?ref=hp</ref>. Shall I remove this claim?

:The issue remains unresolved, rather than the claim by the scientists having been proven false. Feel free to edit accordingly.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 10:54, 29 February 2012 (EST)

::Thanks for the help Andy. Sorry, I'm new so I thought I would ask. Either way, the statement is invalid as there is reasonable concern that the results are inaccurate. I will delete it for now as it will save face for Conservapedia. But if the anomaly is still present (as some physicists believe it will be), then we can alwpays re-insert it.--[[User:JeremyK|JeremyK]] 11:23, 29 February 2012 (EST)

== Cristie and Palin ==

If Conservapedia thought those two weren't likely nominees why is [[Presidential Election 2012|Palin still listed as one]] and [http://conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Presidential_Election_2012&diff=938676&oldid=937791 Christie was only removed as a potential nominee only two days ago]?

:The way that mathematical probabilities work, nobody, including Palin, has an absolute zero probability of being nominated. An absolute zero probability for an uncertainty is, by definition, impossible.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 00:05, 22 November 2011 (EST)

::Wouldn't that mean that we would have to cite every American above 35 as a potential nominee if the only criteria is that the person in question has a probability of being nominated that is greater than 0? - unsigned addition by User:Conservapediabias, Nov. 29, 2016

== Newt Gingrich ==

*Conservapedia statement: "Newt Gingrich is the most likely to win the Republican nomination for President"
*Ranking of Potential Republican Candidates by Likelihood of Winning Nomination as per the linked article right now: #1 - Mitt Romney
So Conservapedia is proven right for a prediction it's not making anymore? Oh, let me guess: If Mitt Romney wins the nomination after all, you will again claim that Conservapedia is proven right by linking to the first version where he happened to be at the top?

Make up your mind - either actually promote Newt as your top choice or strike this out. It's not much of a prediction when you're basically playing "Heads, I win! Tails, you lose!" with the wiki revision system. ;) --[[User:Sid 3050|Sid 3050]] 17:41, 22 November 2011 (EST)
:I see that the "most likely" list at least reflects this "prediction" again. --[[User:Sid 3050|Sid 3050]] 17:12, 27 November 2011 (EST)

== Britain, atheism and the World Cup ==

*Conservapedia statement: "Atheistic Britain would embarrass itself in the World Cup"
*Liberal claptrap in response: "Liberal denial shouts down any observation of the correlation between atheism and underachievement"
*Result: "'England's performance at South Africa 2010 was officially their worst at a World Cup finals, according to Fifa.'"
Uh... your logic isn't sound. You roughly guessed a soccer result correctly, but that doesn't prove anything about a supposed correlation between atheism and underachievement.

Let's look at the actual statistics and results:
*Both England and the religious USA dropped out in the Top 16 round.
*The Top 3 spots of the World Cup went to Spain, the Netherlands and Germany (in that order).
*[http://www.adherents.com/largecom/com_atheist.html This] site lists somewhat recent atheism/agnostic/nonbeliever rates per country:
**Spain: 15 - 24%
**Netherlands: 39 - 44%
**Germany: 41 - 49%
**Britain (as a yardstick for "atheistic country"): 31 - 44%
**USA (as a yardstick for a religious country): 3 - 9%
What was that? Correlation between atheism and underachieving? Citing the World Cup 2010 as an example? Not quite. --[[User:Sid 3050|Sid 3050]] 18:08, 22 November 2011 (EST)

:Obviously nobody said atheism was the ''only'' factor. Of course there are other factors in fielding a successul soccer team, such as the level of interest in the sport.

:Looking at British soccer performance over time isolates the effect of atheism. As atheism has grown in Britain, it's ability to compete in the World Cup has fallen to pathetically weak levels. Atheism causes underachievement.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 19:09, 22 November 2011 (EST)
::England's past World Cup ratings:
::*1950: '''8th'''
::*1954: '''6th'''
::*1958: 11th
::*1962: '''8th'''
::*1966: 1st
::*1970: '''8th'''
::*1974: not qualified
::*1978: not qualified
::*1982: '''6th'''
::*1986: '''8th'''
::*1990: '''4th'''
::*1994: not qualified
::*1998: 9th
::*2002: '''6th'''
::*2006: '''7th'''
::*2010: 13th
::Whenever England qualified for a World Cup, it ended up in the Top 16. And I highlighted (in bold) the times in which England made it at least into the quarterfinals. Fallen to pathetically weak levels? During the last three World Cups, England twice had one of the best eight teams on the planet. Or are you claiming that there was a sudden atheism spike between 2006 and 2010?
::Also, the FIFA World Rankings currently rank England as #7, and the [http://www.fifa.com/worldranking/rankingtools/compareteams.html#g=m&t1=ENG&t2=ENG&t3=ENG&t4=ENG&dRange=4&fm=8&fy=1993&tm=11&ty=2011 trend there] isn't exactly indicating growing failure.
::So let's do this right. What are your sources for the claim that "atheism has grown in Britain"? How much during what time period? And then we can see how that compares to the the World Cup and the World Ranking.
::And you claim that atheism causes underachievement, but completely fail to address how the atheism in other countries somehow isn't causing underachievement there. You can't make a claim and then only consider a single country with "high" levels of atheism. How do you explain that the best three teams during the last World Cup have high atheism rates? Why aren't highly religious countries doing better?
::Sorry, but I don't see this going anywhere. You considered only a single data point (the performance of a single team during a single World Cup) to make a claim that doesn't seem to fit the moment you expand the scope at all. You called a single team's performance during a single event correctly, but that doesn't make your reasoning right. --[[User:Sid 3050|Sid 3050]] 20:32, 22 November 2011 (EST)

== Earthquakes ==

I'm surprised that this is ''still'' doing its rounds: It's wrong.

I don't even have to make a longwinded speech; just look at [[Talk:Main Page/Archive index/102#Severe_earthquakes_double_every_40_years.3F|this]] discussion and also at [[Talk:Counterexamples to an Old Earth#Major_earthquakes_are_doubling_every_40_years.3F|this]] one. --[[User:Sid 3050|Sid 3050]] 18:13, 22 November 2011 (EST)

== Jon Stewart Curse ==
Since the "prediction" was made, Stewart hasn't actually been in any movies. Hosting the Academy Awards was not movie acting. If you want to count "has appeared in front of a camera" as movie acting, then The Daily Show also counts, and it does [http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1394561/The-force-Jon-Stewart-Daily-Shows-ratings-higher-FOX-News.html very] well. In addition, this prediction was originally made by somebody who was banned as a vandal. --[[User:Sid 3050|Sid 3050]] 17:12, 27 November 2011 (EST)

==What is the point of this article ?==
It just look like boasting. And I shall remind you that ''"As it is, you boast in your arrogance. All such boasting is evil."'' - James 4:16 --[[User:PhilipN|PhilipN]] 23:10, 8 February 2012 (EST)

:''Neither do men light a candle and put it under a bushel, but on a candlestick, and it giveth light unto all that are in the house.'' - Matthew 5:15. Your move!--[[User:CPalmer|CPalmer]] 11:45, 29 February 2012 (EST)
::Admittedly, the title is a bit on the nose. I'm inclined to change it to "Conservapedia prescience" or "Presience of conservative insight." Or simply "Conservative Insight." [[User:DouglasA|DouglasA]] 12:38, 29 February 2012 (EST)

::(edit conflict) Well put, CPalmer. And if "accountability" had been a term known to the [[King James Version]] translators, then it would be in the English translations of the Bible too. It's very important to circle back and check what was right and what was wrong.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 12:40, 29 February 2012 (EST)

:::Douglas, I'm [[Essay:Quantifying Openmindedness|open-minded about this]], but don't think the alternative titles would be an improvement.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 12:41, 29 February 2012 (EST)

I'm with [[User:PhilipN|PhilipN]] here, honestly. This article kind of feels like boasting. Why would you need to have an article about being proven right if everything on the website is correct anyway? [[User:ThankGodForRifles|Jake Brand]] 19:25, 9 June 2017 (EST)

== Gay penguin ==

Isn't it possible (and indeed more likely) that the penguin was never gay in the first place? I can't really picture one penguin (peacefully or otherwise) convincing another penguin to change from his ways. There are no penguin therapy support groups. Either way, Conservapedia is right about the gay animal myth (either he's an ex-homosexual or he never was one in the first place). But I do think that possibility is worth mentioning. I'm not sure how to word it though. [[User:Gregkochuconn|Gregkochuconn]] 22:44, 9 February 2012 (EST)
:::I think the idea of a homosexual animal is wrongheaded and that the homosexual animal notion is a myth. [[User:Conservative|Conservative]] 20:12, 29 March 2012 (EDT)
::::OK, you think that, but it requires proof. Do you have any such proof? I will say that there seems to be abundant proof that they do exist from reputable sources, so, if you want to support this theory, I would suggest finding reputable proof to support your hypothesis. - unsigned addition by User:Conservapediabias, Nov. 29, 2016
:::::See the [[Homosexuality in animals myth]] page. [[User:VargasMilan|VargasMilan]] ([[User talk:VargasMilan|talk]]) 23:36, 29 November 2016 (EST)

== References ==

<references/>

== Stalking Horse ==

Don't we need some evidence of intent before deciding that Santorum was a stalking horse for Romney? Was Nader a stalking horse for Bush in 2000? He certainly did more to hurt Gore than Santorum did to hurt Gingrich --[[User:JustinD|JustinD]] 20:57, 10 April 2012 (EDT)

:I have an [[open mind]] about whether Santorum was a [[stalking horse]] for Romney. But what other plausible explanation is there for the abrupt pull-out by Santorum at this time, stranding so many [[conservatives]] who had rallied behind him?--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 21:42, 10 April 2012 (EDT)
::Winning less than half as many delegates as Romney. A sick kid at home. Nothing near the financial resources that Romney has. Poll leads in his home state that weren't incredibly solid. [[User:DVMRoberts|DVMRoberts]] 22:03, 10 April 2012 (EDT)
:::Just speculating, but I'd say the potential loss in Pennsylvania had to play a big part in his timing. It's been clear for a while now that he didn't really have much of a chance of turning things around this time out, but the longer he could stay competitive, the more influence he'd have going forward. A loss in his home state would have cost him a lot of credibility he's gained these last few months. It's also not implausible that Romney made some pseudo-promises behind the scenes that now allow him to cancel what was going to be a huge ad buy in Pennsylvania. At any rate, if you/we/Conservapedia still have an open mind about Santorum's status as a stalking horse, is it really an appropriate time to count this as an example of [[Conservapedia proven right]]?[[User:JustinD|JustinD]] 00:40, 11 April 2012 (EDT)
:::: Yeah, it seems silly to proclaim [[Conservapedia proven right]] about something that isn't even clear is true yet. And if Conservapedia did indeed think Santorum was just a stalking horse for Romney, why has it portrayed Santorum as the conservative alternative to Romney for the past few months? Why was this prediction from two years ago not brought up weeks ago? --[[User:BradleyS|BradleyS]] 01:56, 11 April 2012 (EDT)
:::::Although this will unfortunately make me sound like a jerk, this really isn't the place for those questions. Can we focus on trying to improve this particular article? I do appreciate the pro not-yet-a-stalking-horse sentiment though. --[[User:JustinD|JustinD]] 02:09, 11 April 2012 (EDT)
:::::: I think those questions are relevant. Conservapedia is claiming have been proven right about X when it doesn't appear to have actually believed in X and X hasn't been shown to be true. That's about as far away as 'proven right' as you can be. Hence an improvement of this article would be to remove the entry. --[[User:BradleyS|BradleyS]] 12:01, 11 April 2012 (EDT)
:::::::You're right. Sorry about that and carry on. I guess I was more tired than I thought last night. --[[User:JustinD|JustinD]] 12:50, 11 April 2012 (EDT)

::::::::It was asked "why has it portrayed Santorum as the conservative alternative to Romney for the past few months?" - Answer: because, obviously, voters '''''perceived''''' "Santorum as the [[conservative]] alternative to Romney." The strength of the votes for that conservative alternative was significant.

::::::::What Santorum's own intentions have been are, of course, another matter. The sbrupt timing of his pull-out seemed to have been coordinated with the Romney campaign, or at least to help him. Gingrich didn't pull out.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 15:32, 11 April 2012 (EDT)
:::::::::Exactly. I completely agree. This strongly hints that Santorum might not be as conservative as Romney really is (perhaps the plan was something like this; Romney would appeal to moderates while Santorum distracted the easily amused Liberals as Romney gained support. Now with his "shield" down Liberals have spent all their ammo on Santorum so Romney can advance as the real, true Conservative? When you think about it it's brilliant; the Republicans appear to compromise with the more simpleminded voters when in reality the Conservative train steams ahead with more power than ever! [[User:Insel|Insel]] 00:01, 19 April 2012 (EDT)

== Another case of selective reading.... ==

That's bordering the ridiculous: Aschlafly, have you read your source beyond the headline? Surely you want to differ between man-made quakes and natural ones! And a quote from the article: "''America's Natural Gas Alliance, which represents major energy companies involved in natural gas fracking, said it was difficult to conclude anything based on an unpublished abstract. ''" So perhaps you want to wait for the scientific article until you declare triumph - or will this be another article you quote, but don't read? [[User:AugustO|AugustO]] 14:05, 22 April 2012 (EDT)

:You seem to be focusing on the [[hearsay]] in the article, which of course would be [[inadmissible]] in court for its lack of reliability. The article is cite here for its admissible factual content, which is that large earthquakes are increasing.

:Please see [[hearsay society]] for an enlightening discussion of the key distinction.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 14:13, 22 April 2012 (EDT)

::I think AugustO's point is that although Conservapedia is technically correct in saying the number of earthquakes is increasing, there is a very real possibility that the increase is due to recent human activity. If this is the case, the increase in earthquakes is not a logical counterexample to an old Earth. Even though the increase in earthquakes has not been conclusively linked to fracking, ignoring this possibility and claiming the counterexample to be definitively true is an example of [[deliberate ignorance]] or [[closed-mindedness]]. --[[User:Toadaron|AaronT]] 15:16, 22 April 2012 (EDT)

:::Previously there was denial that earthquakes are increasing. Conservapedia was correct about that, and there's no denying that now, right? As to why, that's a separate issue, but the claim that mankind is causing this is implausible.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 15:21, 22 April 2012 (EDT)

::::To answer your question, yes, you are correct. Whether this item belongs in this article and whether it belongs in [[Counterexamples to an Old Earth]] are two seperate issues. --[[User:Toadaron|AaronT]] 15:31, 22 April 2012 (EDT)

:::::Aschlafly would be correct if his claim were that ''the number of magnitude 3 and greater earthquakes increases dramatically in an area that includes Arkansas, Colorado, Oklahoma, New Mexico and Texas''.
:::::But his claim is ''Large earthquakes are increasing in frequency.'' That's quite a difference!
:::::And calling ''the claim that mankind is causing this'' [...] ''implausible'' seems to be a sign of severe closed-mindedness! [[User:AugustO|AugustO]] 16:17, 22 April 2012 (EDT)

== Predicted Increase in Premature Graying ==

Mr. Schlafly, I know from the [[Andy Schlafly|article about you]] that you have a background in law and engineering, two fields that highly value logic, evidence, and truth. So you must understand that one nonspecific example of one case of premature graying at one point in time - or even the few example given in the [[Counterexample to an Old Earth]] page - does not nearly offer rigorous proof that premature graying is increasing. (Not to mention the almost nonexistent relationship between premature graying and the age of the Earth.) --[[User:Randall7|Randall7]] 23:19, 28 April 2012 (EDT)

:The example is specific, and one case can prove a theory. The solitary example of [[Christ]] rising from the dead does prove several theories in [[Christianity]].

:With young people having gray hair with increasing frequency, this does suggest that the slope of man's developmental path is a much sharper incline (downward) than Old Earth believers claim.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 23:46, 28 April 2012 (EDT)

::Of course you are correct that there are some theories that can be proven true with a single example. But this is certainly not one of them. To prove your claim is true, you need to present a substantial amount of data from the past as well as from the present. At the risk of being called part of the [[Hearsay society]], I am going to suggest you present some credible references. (Also, I called the example on this page nonspecific because the "Result" column does not give the person's name or a reference.) --[[User:Randall7|Randall7]] 00:25, 29 April 2012 (EDT)

:::Good point about the need for specificity. The link is on the front page but this entry should identify the person. I've corrected that.

:::Your request for references is unpersuasive, as evidence is abundant in daily life. Would anyone ask [[Jesus]] for a reference after telling the parable of the [[Prodigal Son]]?--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 00:31, 29 April 2012 (EDT)

::::I appreciate your point - I doubt anyone asked Jesus for references during his numerous speeches/sermons. But even though it may be obvious to you that the age of onset of gray hair is rapidly decreasing, it may not be obvious to many readers of Conservapedia, so providing substantial evidence would be useful to these readers. --[[User:Randall7|Randall7]] 00:41, 29 April 2012 (EDT)
::::::No, but you're not Jesus. You need to provide citations to factual claims when asked. You should do it before being asked really. I know you know this. [[User:NKeaton|Nate]] 10:02, 29 April 2012 (EDT)
And now we see the "Hearsay Society" defense (...or, as I call it, the "Go Away, You Bother Me" defense) in action. Look Randall, look Nate: I've been coming to this website since 2007. Here's how it works. As stated above, one of the people who never have to provide evidence for their claims is Jesus Christ Himself. The other is Andy Schlafly. People are going gray earlier. Just roll with it, 'cause you ain't gonna get any more than "It's self-evident" or "One case proves the theory." Just kick back and enjoy the fun. [[User:Sylvain|Sylvain]] 10:05, 29 April 2012 (EDT)
:Nonsense. Mr. Schlafly uses citations all the time. He just needs to cite it his point. [[User:NKeaton|Nate]] 10:11, 29 April 2012 (EDT)
::Mr. Schlafly supported a user who created a template expressly designed to do away with the need for citations. Thus the invention of the notion of the "Hearsay Society." Mr. Schlafly just now on this very page is arguing that, like Jesus Christ, his assertions on this matter are obvious and require no corroborating data. Mr. Schlafly re-wrote the Bible when that particular "data-set," if you would, did not correspond to his own beliefs, and has used articles about events that happened billions of years ago in order to advance the cause of a young creation. Mr. Schlafly has what one might call an interesting approach to the idea of how evidence might support an argument. [[User:Sylvain|Sylvain]] 10:16, 29 April 2012 (EDT)

:::The [[Hearsay Society]] is the ultimate haven for anyone who denies [[logic]] and, in this case, the increasingly premature graying apparent all around in daily life. [[Pharisees]] used the same escape hatch to avoid accepting the compelling parables and indisputable reasoning.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 10:19, 29 April 2012 (EDT)
::::Not it's not apparent at all because none of us is 6000 years old, assuming YEC is why you're saying this it seems to me that arguing without citing authority where necessary is the ultimate escape hatch for anyone who denies logic because arguments are built on supported factual premises. We have no idea how grey people were at age 30 before the invention of photography unless you've got some citations. And you're still not Jesus. This grey hair stuff is not remotely similar to Jesus's sayings and you know it. You're also getting hearsay wrong. It has nothing to do with citing authority. [[User:NKeaton|Nate]] 10:38, 29 April 2012 (EDT)
ASchlafly, most people who are asked for a bit of evidence to back up a controversial claim don't retreat to constructing societal models out of whole cloth and then charging their interlocutors with being members of that made-up society. Nor do they compare their own arguments to those of the Lord. [[User:Sylvain|Sylvain]] 10:56, 29 April 2012 (EDT)
:::::Wait a minute here Mr. Schlafly - are you suggesting I'm part of this "hearsay society" and that by asking you for a citation to show that people are prematurely graying I'm "continuing the don't-think-for-yourself tradition started by the Pharisees"? [[User:NKeaton|Nate]] 12:33, 29 April 2012 (EDT)
:::::::That's exactly what he's doing. I'm curious as to why you would find this surprising. [[User:Sylvain|Sylvain]] 12:57, 29 April 2012 (EDT)
:Jesus was infalible. You, Aschlafly, are not. He did not need to provide citations but unless you are now comparing yourself to Jesus you, Aschlafly as a falible human, do. [[User:Davidspencer|Davidspencer]] 11:56, 29 April 2012 (EDT)
:Also - but please correct me if I'm wrong - Jesus did not tell the Parable of the Prodigal Son as a true story, but, well, as a parable. --[[User:FrederickT3|FrederickT3]] 12:59, 29 April 2012 (EDT)

::Jesus told the [[parable]] as a true story about the good side of human nature. It was not merely fiction. Notice how no one asked Him to provide a citation that human nature was really like this. Instead, listeners of the [[Prodigal Son]] then and now think for themselves, and recognize its truth without resorting to a demand for [[hearsay]].--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 13:07, 29 April 2012 (EDT)
:::So you feel yourself to be on a level with Jesus? You feel that because he, the infaliable Son of God, was not asked for a citation then you should not be? Less than 300 years ago you would have been burnt at the stake for making such a claim. You should really reconsider your hubris, and then ask for forgivness for your pride. And then provide a citation - or withdraw your claim. [[User:Davidspencer|Davidspencer]] 13:31, 29 April 2012 (EDT)
::::But ASchlafly, you yourself said that [[parable| a parable is "a fictional narrative."]] Is it a true story or fiction? It cannot be both. [[User:Sylvain|Sylvain]] 13:34, 29 April 2012 (EDT)

:::::Sylvain, do you think the correct answer to a word problem in math is "merely fiction"? I don't think so.

:::::David, I don't think Christians burned anyone at the stake for making observations about premature graying, without citation.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 13:58, 29 April 2012 (EDT)
For those of you who argue that Andy Schlafly is not infalible and needs to supply sources, keep in mind that by your own argument you need to supply sources that Andy is not infalible if you wish to state it. I doubt you can. [[User:JacobJ|JacobJ]] 14:16, 29 April 2012 (EDT)
:::::::Edit Conflict: No, but they very well might have burned someone who claimed that his pronouncements were as clear and obvious as those of the Lord. And I'm not sure you can equate word problems with empirical statements about the observable world. I could write a word problem about a train taking 20 minutes to go from Baltimore to Chicago, and for the sake of the word problem, that's fine. It's not the same as saying "a train take 20 minutes to go from Baltimore to Chicago, and only a Pharisee would question my word," which is essentially what you are doing here. [[User:Sylvain|Sylvain]]

::::::::So is the correct answer to a word problem "merely fiction," or not? And, by the way, Christians did not burn people at the stake as much as [[public schools]] might lead people to believe. Opponents of Christianity have been far more violent throughout history.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 14:25, 29 April 2012 (EDT)
Let's leave the questions of public schools and burning at the stake aside for the purposes of this discussion. The issue here is whether or not a constructed word problem is the same as an empirical claim about the world. I could construct a word problem where the correct answer is that the train took 20 minutes to get from Baltimore to Chicago. That says nothing about an actual train. You are making a claim about grey hair and when asked for evidence, your position seems to be "Jesus didn't need to provide evidence for his parables, and neither do I for this claim." This implies, to the casual observer, that you think that your claims have the same authority as those of the Lord. Do you not see how the reader might raise his eyebrows at such a position? [[User:Sylvain|Sylvain]] 14:31, 29 April 2012 (EDT)

:OK, suppose it wasn't Jesus who told the [[Prodigal Son]], but someone else. Would anyone ask for references to confirm how the story illustrates a truth about life?--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 15:28, 29 April 2012 (EDT)

::Someone might ask not for references to confirm that the story tells a truth about life, but for references that the events mentioned in the story actually happened. However, whether or not the story happened or not doesn't change the lesson implied in the story. I get that. But you're not simply telling a story to impart a larger lesson. You are making an empirical claim about the world, having to do with the occurrence of gray hairs. The only evidence you seem to give is "Just like Jesus, I don't need any proof." But Jesus wasn't talking about an actual son and an actual father in the parable--he was telling a story. He could have made it all up in order to illustrate the lesson; that doesn't make the lesson any less valid. Story-telling is not making an empirical claim. Surely you can see the difference. Either 1. You do not understand the difference between metaphor and observable reality, or 2. You believe that your word is as unquestionable as that of Jesus Christ Himself. [[User:Sylvain|Sylvain]] 15:52, 29 April 2012 (EDT)

== Opportunities for improvement ==

I recently stumbled upon this article after a link to it was featured on the main page. After reviewing the article and it's subsequent talk page discussion, I believe I have found a few areas that could stand some attention.

# '''Ambiguousness of predictions''' - Many of the predictions are vague and offer little in the way of an objectively measurable outcome. To be effective, predictions should be as specific as possible, with indisputable results.
# '''Links to predictions''' - Very few of the list items reference the article (and exact edit) on Conservapedia where the actual prediction was made. Critics of the project could easily claim that predictions were being made after-the-fact once the final outcome was known. Citing the specific edit where the prediction was made would preemptively silence such criticism.
# '''"Liberal claptrap" responses''' - Like the predictions themselves, only a minuscule amount of the alleged liberal uproar is actually documented.
# '''The results''' - Surprisingly many of the results do not link to any external source, where the reader can review the material and reach their own conclusion about the accuracy of the prediction.

--[[User:DonnyC|DonnyC]] 15:06, 10 January 2013 (EST)

:You're welcome to add more references, but the predictions and outcomes are so clear and well-known that even more references are hardly necessary.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 14:10, 15 January 2013 (EST)

== Item on Armstrong is somewhat ridiculous ==

Lance Armstrong was stripped from his titles in August 2012, so adding him in September 2012 to the list of overrated sport-starts doesn't take a visionary... --[[User:AugustO|AugustO]] 11:46, 15 January 2013 (EST)

:May seem obvious now, but as you can see from the reference there was objection in September 2012 to including him in the [[Overrated Sports Stars]] entry.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 12:02, 15 January 2013 (EST)
::I remember this well, as I reinserted the entry. So there were two editors ([[User:Wonders]] and [[User:AugustO]]) who thought that he was overrated, and other Conservapedians disagreed: you have enough convenient predictions to cover any outcome.... --[[User:AugustO|AugustO]] 13:58, 15 January 2013 (EST)

:::No, because the deniers were not "Conservapedians" in many meaningful sense. Conservapedians said he was overrated, and non-Conservapedians disagreed.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 14:08, 15 January 2013 (EST)

*the article on [[Lance Armstrong]] was created in '''Sep 2007'''. The first reference to drug abuse was inserted in '''Jan 2012'''
*In '''Sep 2007''' wikipedia's [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lance_Armstrong&oldid=156195303#Allegations_of_drug_use article on Armstrong] already had a long section named '''Allegations of drug use'''
So even if you claim that Conservapedia was proven right, it came quite late to the party... --[[User:AugustO|AugustO]] 14:34, 15 January 2013 (EST)
::::"Predicting" that Armstrong is overrated in September is a bit like "predicting" that Obama would win the election ... on the 7th of November. --[[User:DamianJohn|DamianJohn]] 15:12, 15 January 2013 (EST)

:::::[[Liberal denial]] about Armstrong continued well past September. There are probably atheist websites today that still list him as being great.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 17:47, 15 January 2013 (EST)

:::::''[[Liberal denial]] about Armstrong continued well past September.'' Evidence?
:::::''There are probably atheist websites today that still list him as being great.'' Link?
:::::There are those thinks called ''facts''... --[[User:AugustO|AugustO]] 17:57, 15 January 2013 (EST)

::::::Liberal companies including a beer company and Nike continued to endorse Armstrong for months after September. Now, do you need a citation for that too???--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 18:59, 15 January 2013 (EST)

:::::::Just citations which show that [[Anheuser Bush]] and [[Nike]] are liberal companies... --[[User:AugustO|AugustO]] 19:20, 15 January 2013 (EST)

::::::::Oh please ... is it really necessary to provide a citation that Nike and a beer company are liberal???--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 19:30, 15 January 2013 (EST)

:::::::::Yes. In my country, beer companies belong to the most conservative companies imaginable. And [[Anheuser Bush]] doesn't strike me as a kind of micro-brewery.
:::::::::--[[User:AugustO|AugustO]] 19:32, 15 January 2013 (EST)
::::::::::Both Nike and Budd dropped him, presumably after looking in detail at their legal options. Besides I cannot imagine how you would even begin to argue that Nike is a "liberal" company - they are one of the biggest exploiters of cheap labour in the world; they are famous for having extremely lax safety standards for employees, and being in favour of countries that reduce them as much as possible. I'm not familiar with the beer company, but given their size I doubt they would meet any sensible definition of liberal. As for "I'm sure there are atheist websites who endorse him still"; that is a meaningless statement unless you actually cite one. --[[User:DamianJohn|DamianJohn]] 21:07, 15 January 2013 (EST)
::::::::It's difficult for me to imagine any corporation as "liberal." When the primary motivator is profit, groups and individuals tend to go conservative. --[[User:CamilleT|CamilleT]] 00:41, 16 January 2013 (EST)

:::::::::Big corporations have never been friendly to the conservative movement. Except for the union issue, big corporations tend to support liberals.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 00:54, 16 January 2013 (EST)
::::::::::I think the opposite is the case (take, for example, the membership of ALEC). [[User:GregG|GregG]] 01:14, 16 January 2013 (EST)
:::::::::::(EC)And tax policy, and health and safety, and welfare, and discrimination laws, and minimum wages, and healthcare, and political finance reform and etc etc ad nauseum. --[[User:DamianJohn|DamianJohn]] 01:18, 16 January 2013 (EST)
Rupert Murdock a liberal? [[User:AlanE|AlanE]] 00:58, 16 January 2013 (EST)

: Rupert Murdoch is whatever will further his business interests. He has at various times supported both sides of politics when doing so helps his various business interests. [[User:Dvergne|Dvergne]] 01:13, 16 January 2013 (EST)

:: ''The Australian, "The Times of London", "The Wall Street Journal"'', those rubbish tabloids in Britain. New York and in the various state capitals in Australia - "liberal" papers, Dvergne? [[User:AlanE|AlanE]] 01:38, 16 January 2013 (EST)

This is like shooting fish in a barrel guys - just follow the money. In 2012, Anheuser Busch donated [https://www.opensecrets.org/pacs/lookup2.php?strID=C00034488 55% of its PAC money to Republicans, 45% to Democrats]. Since 2003, it has donated [http://www.followthemoney.org/database/topcontributor.phtml?u=207 45% of its money to Republicans, and 38% to Democrats]. In 2012, Nike donated [http://www.opensecrets.org/pacs/lookup2.php?strID=C00142786 63% to Republicans, 37% to Democrats]. Since 2004, Nike has given [http://www.opensecrets.org/pacs/lookup2.php?strID=C00142786 43% to Republicans, 40% to Democrats]. Although neither are 'overwhelmingly GOP', like, for example, [http://www.opensecrets.org/pacs/lookup2.php?strID=C00236489 Koch Industries] (98% Republican, 2% Democrat), if the Nike and Anheuser Busch numbers were election results, they would be called a "landslide" for Republicans. The vast majority of corporations will be found to be like this - it's in their interest to support less regulation, lower business taxes, etc, and they almost all line up to support conservatives. [[User:Wonders|Wonders]] 12:27, 18 January 2013 (EST)

:The donations by corporations to Republicans are typically to '''''liberal''''' Republicans, some of whom are more liberal than many Democrats.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 19:30, 18 January 2013 (EST)
::But Anheuser-Busch is a member of ALEC, at least according to [http://www.commoncause.org/atf/cf/%7BFB3C17E2-CDD1-4DF6-92BE-BD4429893665%7D/cied_35-day_mailing_2011_annual_meeting%20New%20Orleans.pdf this source]. I don't think they would belong to ALEC if they were liberal. [[User:GregG|GregG]] 20:13, 18 January 2013 (EST)
:::Not to mention that Anheuser-Busch donated to Andy's favorite candidate [[Todd Akin]]. --[[User:DonnyC|DonnyC]] 20:32, 18 January 2013 (EST)

== Relay ==

I read [http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/energy/2013/02/130208-super-bowl-blackout-cause/ the National Geographic article], and it appears that the argument is whether the relay mechanically failed or whether it was improperly set. Nothing suggests that relay or its use was not at fault, and certainly nothing suggests that energy rationing of any sort contributed to the outage. Please fix this. Thanks, [[User:GregG|GregG]] 21:25, 9 February 2013 (EST)

:A low setting on a relay (or fuse) would result from guidelines based on rationing energy.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 22:05, 9 February 2013 (EST)
::Relays almost never fail, and stadiums almost never go dark. You can't prove that a relay didn't cause a blackout by saying that relays almost never fail, just as liberals can't prove that God didn't create the world because worlds almost never are created. --[[User:Praymond|Praymond]] 11:30, 27 May 2013 (EDT)
::There are several other, more plausible reasons. It could have been to prevent larger-scale blackouts due to interruption in the power coming into the stadium. It could have been to reduce the risk of fire (the same kind of reason why circuit breakers in your home trip). Or, the setting may have been too low simply due to human error. The details should be sorted out soon through investigation. [[User:GregG|GregG]] 22:31, 9 February 2013 (EST)

== Media bullying ==

A simple google search shows that the term "media bullying" was already in use before Conservapedia purportedly coined it. [[User:Onestone|Onestone]] 09:48, 10 March 2013 (EDT)

:Were prior uses elsewhere of the term "[[media bullying]]" in the same rich meaning as the usage here?--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 10:24, 10 March 2013 (EDT)
::You claim (and literally wrote) that Conservapedia coined the ''term''. However, judging from your reply, what you probably intended to write was that Conservapedia merely coined the highly particular ''usage'' of the term. That is an essential difference. [[User:Onestone|Onestone]] 09:13, 11 March 2013 (EDT)

== Explained that abortion increases the risk of breast cancer ==

The article cited as proof that abortion increases the risk of breast cancer mentions nothing about abortions, nothing about ''Roe V Wade'' being connected with the increase of cancer in young women. Quote: "Why more young women would be presenting with tumors that have already spread to bone, brain, lungs, or other distant sites ''isn't clear, they noted. Rising obesity rates, changes in alcohol and tobacco use, and genetics are possible causes, according to Dr. Thomas Julian, director of surgical oncology at Allegheny General Hospital in Pittsburgh."
''

If you want to find a connection, or have some proof, I recommend adding it, but this is not that proof. Doesn't even come close. It just so happens that the studies started a few years after ''Roe V Wade'' was decided. There is not even a casual connection between the two mentioned in this article. [[User:Vyselink|Vyselink]] 15:03, 26 March 2013 (EDT)

:Newspaper articles often do have the problem of [[liberal denial]], but are cited here for the facts they contain.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 20:09, 12 May 2013 (EDT)
::The article's fact's also don't support the conclusion I'm afraid, which ultimately doesn't make a good case for this thesis. It states:
::The steepest uptick occurred in the most recent era from 2000-2009, during which incidence rose 3.6 percent per year.
::Keeping in mind that the study is about women in the 25-39 age group, the group around 2000 (before the uptick) are not pre-abortion. Even the oldest (age 39) member of the least cancerous cohort (in 2000) would have been age 12 when Roe v. Wade was decided in January 1973. In other words, even the early, healthy, group in the study were of child-bearing age in the abort era. As much as I'd like for this study to support this case, I don't see how it does. [[User:MelH|MelH]] 15:32, 2 July 2013 (EDT)

Here is a link to a reputable source that more than confirms the hypothesis.http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-1288955/Abortion-triple-risk-breast-cancer.html
--[[User:Tomqua|Tomqua]] 16:02, 2 July 2013 (EDT)

==Tamerlan Tsarnaev==
Does anyone else feel like this might be jumping the gun a little?? "Tamerlan Tsarnaev '''probably''' murdered his friend on a 9/11 anniversary, and DNA '''likely''' proves it." The words "probably" and "likely" are not synonyms for "proven right"... especially not when the [[Conservapedia proven right#cite note-56|only citation provided]] is a link back to the [[Main Page|same statement]] (without any external source at the time of this posting) on the main page of this very website. I honestly haven't followed the murder case at all and have no idea what is going on with it, but the information provided here is far from convincing to me. [[User:Fnarrow|Fnarrow]] 00:24, 12 May 2013 (EDT)
:I stand corrected, there is now a [http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Justice/2013/0511/Tsarnaev-2011-murders-Boston-bombing-brothers-also-could-be-linked-to-earlier-deaths source] provided on the main page... however, it very clearly states that the evidence only points to them being in the area on the day of the murder and circumstantial at best. Like I said above, I haven't been following the case so I don't know all the details, I just feel it's a little premature to claim CP was proven right on this. [[User:Fnarrow|Fnarrow]] 00:33, 12 May 2013 (EDT)
::I don't see any "liberal bias" or right-vs-left in any of this. All Americans believe that the Boston Marathon bombing, carjacking, police shootouts etc. were horrible behavior. It is an opportunity for the nation to pull together to respond to this. We all want the police and the criminal justice system to work effectively to identify all related crimes and any possible co-conspirators. America demands a complete and professional investigation. Thanks, [[User:Wschact|Wschact]] 01:13, 12 May 2013 (EDT)

:::Within days the DNA evidence from the [[9/11]] triple-murder was compared with the DNA of Tamerlan Tsarnaev, and they likely matched. (If they didn't match, then authorities would surely say so.) '''''Yet [[liberal denial]] about the DNA match continues'''''.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 19:57, 12 May 2013 (EDT)

==Proposed Enhancements==
It seems my recent edit to this page was more controversial than I intended. I wanted to apologize to the project for the problems that I caused--it was never my intent to remove substantive material. I believe the lay out of the chart can be enhanced, and the following is my proposed methodology. I will not endeavor to make these changes without approval. Each of these phases would be enacted in separate edits with significant time in between them to facilitate review.
 -First: Standardization of the dates. Currently, there is no standard. Some dates are seasons while others are ranges, and those with specific dates are displayed with no specific style. My proposed standardization is as follows--for dates: (Full Month) (Day) (Year). for those that are currently seasons or ranges, I will search for the first relevant edit and use that as the date. I will provide a citation.
 -Second: Citation of Claims. After completing phase one, my intent is to revisit the table and provide internal citations to all predication made.
 -Third: Citation of Results. After completing phase two, my intent is to revisit the table and provide citations to all results.
 -Fourth: Sortability of Table. After completing phase three, my intent is to edit the formatting to create a sort-able table.

I believe these enhancements will improve the visual appeal of the table. Further, I believe these enhancements embody an important principle: credit where credit is due. Conservapedia has often made bold predictions and has been proven right time and time again. Although it is improper to brag, we ought to take pride in, and document, the project's success.

Again, my apologies for any complications my previous edits caused. [[User:WilliamWB|WilliamWB]] 11:22, 23 May 2013 (EDT)

:I'm fine with the addition of citations, and with standardizing the form for dates is good too. I don't see how sortability will be a problem. The reason I reverted prior edits to this entry was that content changed. For example, and I don't know if this was your edit, but a correct statement about Manning throwing interceptions in the final key game was changed to incorrectly state that Tebow had done so.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 16:22, 23 May 2013 (EDT)

::As I work through adding dates and internal citations, I have noticed that the archive page of In The News ends in December 2011. Were the months January-December 2012 archived? I ask because searching the archives is simpler than my current method of searching through revision histories. Thanks, [[User:WilliamWB|WilliamWB]] 09:06, 27 May 2013 (EDT)

:::I think 2012 is archived here: [http://www.conservapedia.com/Main_Page/Previous_Conservapedia_Breaking_News].--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 09:23, 27 May 2013 (EDT)

::::Ah, great! I was looking at the general archives page here: [http://www.conservapedia.com/Main_Page/Previous_Conservapedia_Breaking_News/Archives] Thanks, [[User:WilliamWB|WilliamWB]] 11:55, 27 May 2013 (EDT)

==Variability of the Speed of Light==

I suggest deleting the point about the speed of light being variable. The article sited does not in fact say this. It states that the speed of light is constant but that space is not the complete vacuum previously thought. Thus the speed of light is slightly slower traveling through space as it is in any non vacuum. [[User:CenterK|CenterK]] 01:53, 1 July 2013 (EDT)

== The expert, number two seed, Andy Murray won the men's tournament; defeating a field of "best of publics". ==

What does this have to do with a page documenting Conservapedia's correct predictions? Should it not be on a page, if it exists, of incorrect predictions? [[User:EddyJ|EddyJ]] 14:33, 7 July 2013 (EDT)

:I don't see what the victory by the #2 seed in the men's tourney has to do with this. No one is claiming that the experts '''''always''''' lose and underachieve, but they often fail - rougly 50% of the time judging by the [[Wimbledon]] results.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 15:17, 7 July 2013 (EDT)
::Exactly. Thanks for the insight. [[User:EddyJ|EddyJ]] 15:22, 7 July 2013 (EDT)
:::What insight? To suggest that ''anyone'' who gets as far as Wimbledon isn't an "expert" is vacuous at best. The "best of the public" are playing tennis in their gardens or at the local club. The only thing they do at Wimbledon is watch. Every single player there is by any reasonable definition an expert. --[[User:ECornwell|ECornwell]] 17:21, 7 July 2013 (EDT)

::::Why stop there? Why not say that the "public" are people who are playing tennis for the first time. Then we can be sure the public won't win.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 18:07, 7 July 2013 (EDT)
:ok so who isn't public? Just players who have won before?--[[User:Iduan|I]][[User_talk:Iduan|Duan]] 18:31, 7 July 2013 (EDT)

::"Experts" are people like tenured college professors, a select few whom liberals claim know more than anyone else. For athletes, "experts" are the ones who get the big endorsements and hype. The public are those who try just as hard as the experts, but lack the recognition by liberals, sometimes due to political bias.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 18:59, 7 July 2013 (EDT)
:::You're insane.--[[User:ErinTH|ErinTH]] 19:17, 7 July 2013 (EDT)
:::::I'd have to second Erin here. You do understand that "effort" without results isn't rewarded in sports, right? Particularly tennis has nothing to do with effort - it has to do with who has had the most success in tournaments.--[[User:Iduan|I]][[User_talk:Iduan|Duan]] 02:06, 8 July 2013 (EDT)
:::I get what Mr Schlafly is saying, but I think I would label the concept differently. The public in this sense are those who are not well known within the general population but only within their own sport. Serena Williams is well known throughout the world. I would guess their are those who know who she is but unaware she is a tennis player whilst Marion Bartoli is not well known outside the tennis community and her home country. So maybe she is public-plus or expert-minus as she has made over 8 million dollars during her career--[[User:Tomqua|Tomqua]] 23:35, 7 July 2013 (EDT)
::::And I guess Serena Williams used to be "best of the public" before she became well known. After that she was an "expert". --[[User:HyramF|HyramF]] 23:44, 7 July 2013 (EDT)

== 15th seed ==

15th seed is best of the public?!?! So the 15th ranked expert in the world is now best of the public? [[User:JAnderson|Jacob]] [[User talk:Anderson|Anderson]] 10:23, 15 July 2013 (EDT)

== 15th seed ==

15th seed is best of the public?!?! So the 15th ranked expert in the world is now best of the public? [[User:JAnderson|Jacob]] [[User talk:Anderson|Anderson]] 10:23, 15 July 2013 (EDT)

:The 15th seed is far below the top four seeds who are expected by experts to produce the winner.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 11:11, 15 July 2013 (EDT)

::So a functioning definition of 'the best of the public' is anyone outside the top four recognized world experts in a particular field?--[[User:DHouser|DHouser]] 16:23, 16 July 2013 (EDT)

== "There are no black holes" ==

This is sensationalist. “The absence of event horizons means that there are no black holes — in the sense of regimes from which light can't escape to infinity.” If Hawking is correct, then black holes still exist, just not in the way previously thought. [[User:Darwon|Darwon]] 17:40, 14 December 2014 (EST)

== Why was this removed? ==

I was looking through the page history of this article, and I saw that [http://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Conservapedia_proven_right&diff=1139255&oldid=1139254 this] was removed a while ago with no explanation. This seems like a very good argument for ''Conservapedia proven right'', so I'm just curious why this was removed. --[[User:1990'sguy|1990'sguy]] ([[User talk:1990'sguy|talk]]) 12:32, 28 July 2016 (EDT)

:Good question--that does seem odd. If you don't get a response here in the next few days, you could try asking [[User:Aschlafly|Mr. Schlafly]] directly on [[User talk:Aschlafly|his talk page]]. --[[User:DavidB4|David B]] ([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]]) 12:43, 28 July 2016 (EDT)

::This entry was getting long, and the removal was simply to trim its length. We prefer conciseness here, in contrast with Wikipedia.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] ([[User talk:Aschlafly|talk]]) 15:11, 28 July 2016 (EDT)

:::I still think this should stay, as it is a very good example of how Conservapedia was right the entire time. Maybe we could create sub-articles for this page to keep it concise, as with [[Examples of Bias in Wikipedia]]. --[[User:1990'sguy|1990'sguy]] ([[User talk:1990'sguy|talk]]) 18:27, 30 July 2016 (EDT)
The reason for the deletion is clear to one who has been around Conservapedia for a while; you're new here.

Let me explain. In a nutshell, the deleted item was put in by user [http://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Special:Contributions/Conservative&offset=&limit=500&target=Conservative Conservative], known a "Cons" for short. It was inappropriate for the ''Conservapedia proven right'' page.

Cons spends most of his time developing what might be called a "subculture" here at Conservapedia, focusing obsessively on a few topics like atheism, its connection with obesity, PZ Meyers, Richard Dawkins, homosexuality, Christianity, and utterly specious speculations about the connection between demographic trends and religious trends. He also occasionally comments on topics of politics and current affairs, and those comments are often intelligent and interesting. But most of his writing is totally inane.

Sometimes his inane writings leak out into "mainstream" articles at Conservapedia, the kinds of articles that the rest of us might be interested in. ''Conservapedia proven right'' is such a page. I disagree with most of what is in it, but at least that page is attempting to make sense.

When this happens, Andy Schlafly, the owner of this site, often steps in and deletes Cons's contributions. You see this most often in the Main page, where Andy deletes Cons's work fairly regularly. But he also cleans things up on other pages, and that is what you saw on the ''Conservapedia proven right'' page.

A sub-article for this is not necessary. Cons has written about this many times in many places.

[[User:SamHB|SamHB]] ([[User talk:SamHB|talk]]) 20:57, 30 July 2016 (EDT)

== Why I removed some stuff ==

Let me explain my edits:
"|The ratings of Fox News drops to a 12-year low, doing particularly poorly among the 25-54 age group." - does not prove RINOfication of Fox News. Viewership does not have a direct link to political content.

"|Liberal colleges and liberal press do not give enough attention to the issue of picking a college major. Nor does the liberal press sufficiently warn about future protests. Liberal press does not give adequate coverage to the issue of higher education moral corruption. Liberal press and liberal academia do not sufficiently warn about the poor education universities and colleges are often providing. " - But they never said that certain majors were worse, which would have been the only direct proof.

"|An unspeakable slaughter of 20 elementary school children occurred in Newtown, Connecticut by a 20-year-old player of violent video games, followed by a mass burning of violent games weeks later." - does not prove the link between video games and murder. In the same way, you could say that the Ford Escape makes you a murderer, as the San Bernardino shooters drove one.

"The lamestream media finally admits what Conservapedia has known for a decade: Fidel Castro is dead. Maybe in another few years they'll acknowledge the Affirmative Action President!" - But they did not prove Castro has been dead for 10 years, only that he is dead by now.
[[User:JGurba|JGurba]] ([[User talk:JGurba|talk]]) 16:57, 18 January 2017 (EDT)

:In my opinion, you do have a point on the first and third edits. The first may have a valid point, but significant assumption is required to claim that there is proof. The third is in the same league as those who say that playing with toy guns will make you a murder. Shooting fake guns does not a murderer make. I will grant that many video games are excessively violent (and I prefer not to play them). However, the conscience is a powerful force, and is not seared by video games. Murder will still be strongly protested by the conscience, unless it has been seared by other actions and thoughts. I see this argument from time to time from some very good, Godly people, but I don't see how they can make such a direct correlation. If killing in a video game make one a murderer, what about all those who kill in the line of duty? Do they instantly become murderers as well? Despite what Hollywood tells us, many of them become or continue being "gentile giants." The mindset it what counts most.
:On number two, I think the point is that they continue ignoring the problem of useless college majors. They accept their generous pay, and leave the students to suffer after graduating, when they find out all they can do is teach (which is a difficult field to enter). On the fourth one, you're right that they didn't come out and say it had happened ten years ago, but this is the first time they've even admitted he is dead. They have been ridiculing anyone who says he died in that hospital, but now they admit he died. They won't admit the extent of their deception (yet), but I say this one still stands.
:I'm willing to debate it further when I have the time, but I think it's a bit hasty to throw all of this out. --[[User:DavidB4|David B]] ([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]]) 22:24, 24 January 2017 (EST)
==Facebook==
I am confused about CP's prediction. Facebook originally had the model that if you post something, all of your friends would see it. It has moved to a revenue model where if you post something, you have to pay to "boost" the post so that more people (including your friends or people who like your page) will see it. So, the drop in organic views is as a result of the new revenue model. [[User:JDano|JDano]] ([[User talk:JDano|talk]]) 07:42, 3 March 2017 (EST)

== relativity, and "celestial signals defy Einstein" ==

The problem was actually that item number 8 was being singled out, a fact which I ridiculed with my comment about "eye-catching title". There is nothing special about that item; it's just one of 49. The correct final outcome should simply be that the number has grown to 49. (And will presumably continue to grow, albeit very slowly.)

I believe that what I put in the "liberal claptrap in response" column is correct. I think Andy and I can agree that people disputing relativity would not get a faculty position or PhD.; we just disagree on the reason for that. Being a liberal or a conservative would not affect this; one's general political stance would not get you off the hook.

People discuss shortcomings of relativity all the time, such as the disconnect with quantum mechanics at the Planck scale. That won't get you sacked. Only complete non-acceptance will.

[[User:SamHB|SamHB]] ([[User talk:SamHB|talk]]) 13:43, 7 March 2017 (EST)

== St. Paul mayor says arrested protesters were from out of state ==

[https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Conservapedia_proven_right&curid=117673&diff=1652765&oldid=1636656 this edit is wrong.] If you read the whole article you'll see those comments were walked back. So this entry is incorrect. [[User:JohnSelway|JohnSelway]] ([[User talk:JohnSelway|talk]]) 00:40, 31 May 2020 (EDT)
:Since when do news organization walk back mistakes? Russia Russia Russia. [[User:RobSmith|RobS]][[User talk:RobSmith|Live Free or Die]] 00:46, 31 May 2020 (EDT)
::Well, I’m not sure what Russia has to do with this but the media didn’t walk it back - the mayor did. So this entry is incorrect and says so in the very article linked. [[User:JohnSelway|JohnSelway]] ([[User talk:JohnSelway|talk]]) 00:53, 31 May 2020 (EDT)
:::Quoting the article - ''However, later Saturday evening, the mayors of both St. Paul and Minneapolis as well as Minnesota Gov. Tim Walz (D) walked back their remarks about those arrested, claiming that they had received inaccurate information about the arrests made in St. Paul. ''. It should be removed. [[User:JohnSelway|JohnSelway]] ([[User talk:JohnSelway|talk]]) 00:56, 31 May 2020 (EDT)
::::[https://www.foxnews.com/politics/st-paul-claim-arrest-out-of-state Fox News confirms it] [[User:JohnSelway|JohnSelway]] ([[User talk:JohnSelway|talk]]) 02:47, 31 May 2020 (EDT)
:::::That point is meaningless. [[User:RobSmith|RobS]][[User talk:RobSmith|Live Free or Die]] 03:26, 31 May 2020 (EDT)
::::::Sure, so a communist Democrat walks back a statement after [[Bill Barr]] made his. [https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/attorney-general-william-p-barr-s-statement-death-george-floyd-and-riots] Blah blah blah. They gonna toss the St. Paul mayor out of the party like they did [[Karen Whitsett]]? [[User:RobSmith|RobS]][[User talk:RobSmith|Live Free or Die]] 03:29, 31 May 2020 (EDT)

== Speed of light ==

(I'll get to the gravitational waves issue later, but this is simpler.)

The original item simply cited the question of whether one thinks the speed of light has varied. That is, that it is reasonable to ask that question. Stated that way, the "liberal claptrap in response" part would just have to say "No, you can't ask that question."

You have to take a stand on this. I infer, from the things various people have said in the past here at CP and at other websites that get cited here, that CP's position is that the speed of light has not changed in this way. I believe that's what the item wanted to say, and I have changed it accordingly. It is now reasonable for the "liberal claptrap in response" part to say, in effect, "No it hasn't." (The previous text there, that the speed changes in different media, was a stupid and complete red herring; everyone knows that; I'm glad you took it out.)

[[User:SamHB|SamHB]] ([[User talk:SamHB|talk]]) 16:53, 2 November 2020 (EST

== Andy's edits of 23:51, October 31, 2020 ==

He reverted a number of things (characterizing them with a favorite overused term -- "pseudo-science"), saying "let's discuss on the talk page first"). So here goes. I may partially restore this stuff in about 2 weeks.
#The change of May 7, 2007: Removal of the nonsense about different media, and its relation to optics, was correct. But Conservapedia has an article on [[C decay]]. that is quite relevant to this and should be referenced.
#The change of November 28, 2009: Google search of what? You can't just say that a Google search shows claptrap; everyone knows Google searches reveal that. But you can't just say that many articles are liberal claptrap when the reader doesn't know where to find those articles or what they are about.
#The change of February 27, 2011: A great many footnotes were removed. Conservapedia does not censor. The footnoted articles have become even more relevant as time has passed and more gravitational wave observations have been made.
[[User:SamHB|SamHB]] ([[User talk:SamHB|talk]]) 19:42, September 25, 2021 (EDT)

== Great edit ==

Great addition debunking the [[liberal]] myth that Chinese eat bats and that is somehow where [[coronavirus]] came from!--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] ([[User talk:Aschlafly|talk]]) 17:30, November 29, 2021 (EST)
:Dark days indeed when the libs have infiltrated [https://www.rt.com/news/478997-bat-soup-china-virus-wuhan/ Russia Today], [https://www.foxnews.com/food-drink/coronavirus-chinese-blogger-eats-bat-soup Fox News] the [https://nypost.com/2020/01/23/revolting-video-shows-woman-devouring-bat-amid-coronavirus-outbreak/ New York Post,] and - my word - the [https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2020/01/gross-scientists-blame-coronavirus-on-bats-in-chinese-province-where-bat-soup-is-served-in-restaurants/ Gateway Pundit]. You should probably try & tell more people about Conservapedia. [[User:ConwayIII|ConwayIII]] ([[User talk:ConwayIII|talk]]) 18:33, November 29, 2021 (EST)
::I dunno, looks more like publishers have Pfizer buying advertising, or the executives hold stock in Pfizer. [[User:RobSmith|RobS]][[User talk:RobSmith|Let's Go Brandon!]] 19:05, November 29, 2021 (EST)

== [[Energy Independence]] ==

== [[Energy Independence]] ==
(from [[Energy Independence]] Article last edited July 12, 2016):
Conservapedia states that importing [[Energy]] from other nations can weaken countries and that importing [[Oil]] from [[Russia]] weakens [[America]]<ref>https://www.conservapedia.com/Energy_Independence</ref>.

[[Liberal claptrap]]: This won't weaken America, [[Fossil Fuels]] like [[Oil]] are not needed anyway-It is better that we [[The Great Reset| transition to renewable energy]], who cares where we get our [[energy]] from?

Conservapedia proven right: Continuing to Import Russian oil and the [[Biden]] Administration's canceling the American [[Keystone XL]] pipeline while lifting [[Trump's]] sanctions of the Russian [[Nord Stream 2]] pipeline to [[Europe]] ''both'' weakens America and precipitates the 2022 Russian invasion of [[Ukraine]]<ref>https://bariweiss.substack.com/p/the-wests-green-delusions-empowered?utm_source=url&s=</ref><ref>https://energytalkingpoints.com/europe-vulnerability/ Alex Epstein | Vulnerability to Russia was totally preventable</ref><ref>https://www.foxnews.com/media/author-blasts-green-delusions-western-countries-empowered-putin-energy-advantage-europe</ref>.
=== References ===
{{reflist}}

I present this particularly sad instance where Conservapedia was proven right again-FresnoCA 15:28, March 8, 2022 (EST)

Francis Collins

2022-03-08T01:02:09Z

FresnoCA: Edited Category

'''Dr. Francis Collins''' (born April 14, 1950), a former [[atheist]] who converted to [[Christianity]]. He is a [[Theistic evolution|theistic evolutionist]], the founder of [[BioLogos]] an organization that promotes [[evolution]] in the church, and former head of the [[NIH]].<ref>https://christianresearchnetwork.org/2022/02/04/francis-collins-and-tim-kellers-biologos-says-god-did-not-require-jesus-to-die-to-forgive-sins/</ref> He was director of the [[National Institutes of Health]] until his [[resignation]] in December of 2021<ref>https://www.dailywire.com/news/house-republicans-accuse-top-bide-health-officials-of-stonewalling-probe-into-covid-19-origins</ref>, he was appointed to that position by President [[Barack Hussein Obama]] in 2009. [[Pope Benedict XVI]] has also appointed him to the Pontifical Academy of Sciences. Formerly, Collins was the head of the Human Genome Project at the National Human Genome Research Institute.

He is the author of "The Language of God: A Scientist Presents Evidence for Belief" and is a speaker for the Veritas Forum at college campuses. He cites C.S. Lewis's writings on Christianity in turning him away from atheism, which he now renounces as the least rational worldview.

==Views==
Collins promotes [[theistic evolution]], which he calls [[BioLogos]]. He believes a non-literal interpretation of creation as it appears in Genesis. However, he believes the fine-tuning of the physical constants and the existence of a Moral Law prove the existence of a loving God.

[[Creation Ministries International]] declared concerning Collins theistic evolutionary views:
{{cquote|All Christians, creationists included, can find much to like in ''[[The Language of God]]''. Collins’ personal story is fascinating. His intention in writing the book is excellent: to spread the word that faith is reasonable. Like Collins, we want to see an end to the widespread false impression that faith and science are incompatible. However, we must sadly conclude that most of Collins’ arguments—his means to the laudable ends that we all want to further—are going down the wrong path. Instead of creating a harmony between faith and science, theistic evolution subsumes the authority of Scripture to the authority of the latest scientific paper, leaving philosophical confusion in its wake.<ref>https://creation.com/harmony-and-discord-a-review-of-francis-collins-book-the-language-of-god</ref>}}

BeliefNet wrote concerning Collins' views on abortion:
{{cquote|In a 1998 book he co-authored, Principles of Medical Genetics, he considers a bioethical situation where a genetic counselor is discussing with a (married) mother, 8 weeks pregnant, whether to abort her child because there’s a 7 to 8 percent chance the child will have a mild learning disability. Should the mother indicate an interest in aborting, Collins and his two co-authors commend to the counselor a stance of “respect for [patient] autonomy” and “nondirective counseling.” In other words, the medical professional in this context should be morally neutral.<ref>http://blog.beliefnet.com/kingdomofpriests/2009/07/francis-collins-on-abortion.html</ref>}}

Collins is also an advocate for therapeutic cloning without the use of embryonic stem cells. In 2020, he was awarded the [[Templeton Prize]].

Collins is on record stating he does not definitively believe, as most pro-lifers do, that life begins at conception, and his tenure at NIH has been marked by extreme [[Pro-abortion|anti-life]], pro-LGBT policies. Other than his proclamations that he is, himself, a believer, the [[NIH]] director espouses nearly no public positions that would mark him out as any different from any extreme [[Left]]-wing [[bureaucrat]]. He has not only defended<ref>https://www.science.org/content/article/nih-chief-defends-use-human-fetal-tissue-opponents-decry-it-congress</ref> experimentation on fetuses obtained by abortion, he has also directed record-level<ref>https://www.firstthings.com/web-exclusives/2021/10/the-cautionary-tale-of-francis-collins</ref> spending toward it.

== Impact as [[NIH]] Director ==

=== Greenlighting implanting mice with cells from [[aborted]] infants and related experimentation===

Among the priorities the [[NIH]] has funded<ref>https://www.ncregister.com/blog/how-aborted-children-are-used</ref> under Collins — a [[University of Pittsburgh]] experiment that involved grafting infant scalps onto lab rats, as well as projects that relied on the harvested organs of [[aborted]], full-term babies. Some doctors have even charged Collins with giving money to research that required extracting kidneys, ureters, and bladders from living infants. <ref>https://www.dailywire.com/news/how-the-federal-government-used-evangelical-leaders-to-spread-covid-propaganda-to-churches </ref><ref>https://illinoisfamily.org/religious/how-the-federal-government-used-evangelical-leaders-to-spread-covid-propaganda-to-churches/</ref>

When asked about the NIH funding experiments such as [[University of Pittsburgh]] [https://www.ncregister.com/news/pro-lifers-speak-out-against-taxpayer-funded-experiments-using-aborted-fetal-body-parts studies that involved harvesting body parts from babies at various stages of development and grafting infant scalps onto lab rats] [https://blog.whitecoatwaste.org/2022/02/04/wcw-investigation-fauci-is-usas-top-spender-on-animal-experiments-with-human-fetal-tissue/ and others], Collins did not deny knowing about or green lighting such projects.<ref>https://www.dailywire.com/news/exclusive-in-leaked-audio-former-nih-director-new-biden-science-adviser-laughs-over-threatening-unemployment-to-force-vaccines-blames-trump-for-covid-19-deaths In Leaked Audio Former NIH Director/New Biden Science Adviser Laughs Over Threatening Unemployment To Force Vaccines, Blames Trump For COVID-19 Deaths</ref>

=== Abuse of position to influence [[Evangelical]] views ===

[[Evangelical]] leaders like Russell Moore have been [https://www.theamericanconservative.com/dreher/evangelicals-who-are-good-bad-francis-collins-david-brooks/ under] [https://wng.org/opinions/decadence-on-display-1645449344 fire] since [[The Daily Wire]] detailed their praise and promotion of Collins despite his record of the NIH funding controversial [[transgender]] research on [[minors]] and experimentation on organs collected from aborted infants<ref>https://www.ncregister.com/blog/how-aborted-children-are-used</ref><ref>https://www.ncregister.com/news/pro-lifers-speak-out-against-taxpayer-funded-experiments-using-aborted-fetal-body-parts</ref>.

Carl R. Trueman, fellow at the Ethics and Public Policy Center, has stated: {{cquote|Francis Collins was lauded as a faithful presence by a number of [[evangelical]] leaders upon his retirement, even though, as [[The Daily Wire|The Daily Wire’s]] Megan Basham [https://www.dailywire.com/news/how-the-federal-government-used-evangelical-leaders-to-spread-covid-propaganda-to-churches <ref>https://illinoisfamily.org/religious/how-the-federal-government-used-evangelical-leaders-to-spread-covid-propaganda-to-churches/</ref> recently demonstrated in painful detail]<ref>https://www.dailywire.com/news/how-the-federal-government-used-evangelical-leaders-to-spread-covid-propaganda-to-churches </ref><ref>https://illinoisfamily.org/religious/how-the-federal-government-used-evangelical-leaders-to-spread-covid-propaganda-to-churches/</ref>, Collins’ “faithful presence” at the National Institutes of Health does not seem to have gone beyond that of faithfully turning up to work. In the real world, there are humble employees all over the country for whom “faithful presence” of the truly Christian kind comes with significant personal discomfort and professional cost

-Carl R. Trueman <ref>https://wng.org/opinions/decadence-on-display-1645449344</ref>}}

[[Rob Dreher]], author of the bestselling book ''Live Not by Lies'', said of this revelation: {{cquote|it shows how we can allow ourselves to be used and deceived by those in whom we place authority. Though Evangelicalism is not my world, nor is science, I have for years uncritically assumed that Francis Collins was a ''Good Guy''™, was ''One Of Us''™, and so forth. Why? Because others I knew and trusted said so. That was it. It really was. That Collins was so useless as a [[Christian]] when it came to the ways he ran [[NIH]] came as a shock to me when I first read about it last fall<ref>https://www.dailywire.com/news/how-the-federal-government-used-evangelical-leaders-to-spread-covid-propaganda-to-churches </ref>. I assumed that because the people I know and trust vouched for him, he must be fine.

We all do this, and we have to do this, because nobody can get through life being radically skeptical of everybody else. All of us have a network of people we trust as authoritative. What none of us really know, though, is whether or not those who have our trust deserve it.

-Rob Dreher <ref>https://www.theamericanconservative.com/dreher/evangelicals-who-are-good-bad-francis-collins-david-brooks/ Rob Dreher | Evangelicals: Who Are The Good & The Bad? | theamericanconservative.com </ref>}}

== See Also ==
* [[Anthony Fauci]]
* [[Faucism]]
* [[NIH]]
* [[BioLogos]]

== External links ==
* [https://www.dailywire.com/news/how-the-federal-government-used-evangelical-leaders-to-spread-covid-propaganda-to-churches How The Federal Government Used Evangelical Leaders To Spread Covid Propaganda To Churches |(original article with paywall from The [[Daily Wire]])]
* [https://illinoisfamily.org/religious/how-the-federal-government-used-evangelical-leaders-to-spread-covid-propaganda-to-churches/ How The Federal Government Used Evangelical Leaders To Spread Covid Propaganda To Churches |(free reprint from Illinoisfamily.org)]
* [https://www.dailywire.com/news/house-republicans-accuse-top-bide-health-officials-of-stonewalling-probe-into-covid-19-origins House Republicans Accuse Top Bide Health Officials Of ‘Stonewalling’ Probe Into COVID-19 Origins | Daily Wire]
* [http://biologos.org/about]
* [https://assets.answersingenesis.org/doc/pdf/biologos-house-of-heresy.pdf [[BioLogos]]: House of Heresy & False Teaching | [[Answers in Genesis]] ]
*[https://www.dailywire.com/news/exclusive-in-leaked-audio-former-nih-director-new-biden-science-adviser-laughs-over-threatening-unemployment-to-force-vaccines-blames-trump-for-covid-19-deaths In Leaked Audio Former NIH Director/New Biden Science Adviser Laughs Over Threatening Unemployment To Force Vaccines, Blames Trump For COVID-19 Deaths]

== References ==
{{reflist}}
*The Language of God, 2006

[[Category:Christians]]
[[Category:Evolutionists]]
[[Category:Pro-Abortion]][[Category:Abortion Advocates]][[Category:Abortion]]
[[Category:Theistic Evolutionist]]
[[Category:Leftists]]
[[Category:Faucism]]

Francis Collins

2022-03-08T00:54:10Z

FresnoCA: Added Category

'''Dr. Francis Collins''' (born April 14, 1950), a former [[atheist]] who converted to [[Christianity]]. He is a [[Theistic evolution|theistic evolutionist]], the founder of [[BioLogos]] an organization that promotes [[evolution]] in the church, and former head of the [[NIH]].<ref>https://christianresearchnetwork.org/2022/02/04/francis-collins-and-tim-kellers-biologos-says-god-did-not-require-jesus-to-die-to-forgive-sins/</ref> He was director of the [[National Institutes of Health]] until his [[resignation]] in December of 2021<ref>https://www.dailywire.com/news/house-republicans-accuse-top-bide-health-officials-of-stonewalling-probe-into-covid-19-origins</ref>, he was appointed to that position by President [[Barack Hussein Obama]] in 2009. [[Pope Benedict XVI]] has also appointed him to the Pontifical Academy of Sciences. Formerly, Collins was the head of the Human Genome Project at the National Human Genome Research Institute.

He is the author of "The Language of God: A Scientist Presents Evidence for Belief" and is a speaker for the Veritas Forum at college campuses. He cites C.S. Lewis's writings on Christianity in turning him away from atheism, which he now renounces as the least rational worldview.

==Views==
Collins promotes [[theistic evolution]], which he calls [[BioLogos]]. He believes a non-literal interpretation of creation as it appears in Genesis. However, he believes the fine-tuning of the physical constants and the existence of a Moral Law prove the existence of a loving God.

[[Creation Ministries International]] declared concerning Collins theistic evolutionary views:
{{cquote|All Christians, creationists included, can find much to like in ''[[The Language of God]]''. Collins’ personal story is fascinating. His intention in writing the book is excellent: to spread the word that faith is reasonable. Like Collins, we want to see an end to the widespread false impression that faith and science are incompatible. However, we must sadly conclude that most of Collins’ arguments—his means to the laudable ends that we all want to further—are going down the wrong path. Instead of creating a harmony between faith and science, theistic evolution subsumes the authority of Scripture to the authority of the latest scientific paper, leaving philosophical confusion in its wake.<ref>https://creation.com/harmony-and-discord-a-review-of-francis-collins-book-the-language-of-god</ref>}}

BeliefNet wrote concerning Collins' views on abortion:
{{cquote|In a 1998 book he co-authored, Principles of Medical Genetics, he considers a bioethical situation where a genetic counselor is discussing with a (married) mother, 8 weeks pregnant, whether to abort her child because there’s a 7 to 8 percent chance the child will have a mild learning disability. Should the mother indicate an interest in aborting, Collins and his two co-authors commend to the counselor a stance of “respect for [patient] autonomy” and “nondirective counseling.” In other words, the medical professional in this context should be morally neutral.<ref>http://blog.beliefnet.com/kingdomofpriests/2009/07/francis-collins-on-abortion.html</ref>}}

Collins is also an advocate for therapeutic cloning without the use of embryonic stem cells. In 2020, he was awarded the [[Templeton Prize]].

Collins is on record stating he does not definitively believe, as most pro-lifers do, that life begins at conception, and his tenure at NIH has been marked by extreme [[Pro-abortion|anti-life]], pro-LGBT policies. Other than his proclamations that he is, himself, a believer, the [[NIH]] director espouses nearly no public positions that would mark him out as any different from any extreme [[Left]]-wing [[bureaucrat]]. He has not only defended<ref>https://www.science.org/content/article/nih-chief-defends-use-human-fetal-tissue-opponents-decry-it-congress</ref> experimentation on fetuses obtained by abortion, he has also directed record-level<ref>https://www.firstthings.com/web-exclusives/2021/10/the-cautionary-tale-of-francis-collins</ref> spending toward it.

== Impact as [[NIH]] Director ==

=== Greenlighting implanting mice with cells from [[aborted]] infants and related experimentation===

Among the priorities the [[NIH]] has funded<ref>https://www.ncregister.com/blog/how-aborted-children-are-used</ref> under Collins — a [[University of Pittsburgh]] experiment that involved grafting infant scalps onto lab rats, as well as projects that relied on the harvested organs of [[aborted]], full-term babies. Some doctors have even charged Collins with giving money to research that required extracting kidneys, ureters, and bladders from living infants. <ref>https://www.dailywire.com/news/how-the-federal-government-used-evangelical-leaders-to-spread-covid-propaganda-to-churches </ref><ref>https://illinoisfamily.org/religious/how-the-federal-government-used-evangelical-leaders-to-spread-covid-propaganda-to-churches/</ref>

When asked about the NIH funding experiments such as [[University of Pittsburgh]] [https://www.ncregister.com/news/pro-lifers-speak-out-against-taxpayer-funded-experiments-using-aborted-fetal-body-parts studies that involved harvesting body parts from babies at various stages of development and grafting infant scalps onto lab rats] [https://blog.whitecoatwaste.org/2022/02/04/wcw-investigation-fauci-is-usas-top-spender-on-animal-experiments-with-human-fetal-tissue/ and others], Collins did not deny knowing about or green lighting such projects.<ref>https://www.dailywire.com/news/exclusive-in-leaked-audio-former-nih-director-new-biden-science-adviser-laughs-over-threatening-unemployment-to-force-vaccines-blames-trump-for-covid-19-deaths In Leaked Audio Former NIH Director/New Biden Science Adviser Laughs Over Threatening Unemployment To Force Vaccines, Blames Trump For COVID-19 Deaths</ref>

=== Abuse of position to influence [[Evangelical]] views ===

[[Evangelical]] leaders like Russell Moore have been [https://www.theamericanconservative.com/dreher/evangelicals-who-are-good-bad-francis-collins-david-brooks/ under] [https://wng.org/opinions/decadence-on-display-1645449344 fire] since [[The Daily Wire]] detailed their praise and promotion of Collins despite his record of the NIH funding controversial [[transgender]] research on [[minors]] and experimentation on organs collected from aborted infants<ref>https://www.ncregister.com/blog/how-aborted-children-are-used</ref><ref>https://www.ncregister.com/news/pro-lifers-speak-out-against-taxpayer-funded-experiments-using-aborted-fetal-body-parts</ref>.

Carl R. Trueman, fellow at the Ethics and Public Policy Center, has stated: {{cquote|Francis Collins was lauded as a faithful presence by a number of [[evangelical]] leaders upon his retirement, even though, as [[The Daily Wire|The Daily Wire’s]] Megan Basham [https://www.dailywire.com/news/how-the-federal-government-used-evangelical-leaders-to-spread-covid-propaganda-to-churches <ref>https://illinoisfamily.org/religious/how-the-federal-government-used-evangelical-leaders-to-spread-covid-propaganda-to-churches/</ref> recently demonstrated in painful detail]<ref>https://www.dailywire.com/news/how-the-federal-government-used-evangelical-leaders-to-spread-covid-propaganda-to-churches </ref><ref>https://illinoisfamily.org/religious/how-the-federal-government-used-evangelical-leaders-to-spread-covid-propaganda-to-churches/</ref>, Collins’ “faithful presence” at the National Institutes of Health does not seem to have gone beyond that of faithfully turning up to work. In the real world, there are humble employees all over the country for whom “faithful presence” of the truly Christian kind comes with significant personal discomfort and professional cost

-Carl R. Trueman <ref>https://wng.org/opinions/decadence-on-display-1645449344</ref>}}

[[Rob Dreher]], author of the bestselling book ''Live Not by Lies'', said of this revelation: {{cquote|it shows how we can allow ourselves to be used and deceived by those in whom we place authority. Though Evangelicalism is not my world, nor is science, I have for years uncritically assumed that Francis Collins was a ''Good Guy''™, was ''One Of Us''™, and so forth. Why? Because others I knew and trusted said so. That was it. It really was. That Collins was so useless as a [[Christian]] when it came to the ways he ran [[NIH]] came as a shock to me when I first read about it last fall<ref>https://www.dailywire.com/news/how-the-federal-government-used-evangelical-leaders-to-spread-covid-propaganda-to-churches </ref>. I assumed that because the people I know and trust vouched for him, he must be fine.

We all do this, and we have to do this, because nobody can get through life being radically skeptical of everybody else. All of us have a network of people we trust as authoritative. What none of us really know, though, is whether or not those who have our trust deserve it.

-Rob Dreher <ref>https://www.theamericanconservative.com/dreher/evangelicals-who-are-good-bad-francis-collins-david-brooks/ Rob Dreher | Evangelicals: Who Are The Good & The Bad? | theamericanconservative.com </ref>}}

== See Also ==
* [[Anthony Fauci]]
* [[Faucism]]
* [[NIH]]
* [[BioLogos]]

== External links ==
* [https://www.dailywire.com/news/how-the-federal-government-used-evangelical-leaders-to-spread-covid-propaganda-to-churches How The Federal Government Used Evangelical Leaders To Spread Covid Propaganda To Churches |(original article with paywall from The [[Daily Wire]])]
* [https://illinoisfamily.org/religious/how-the-federal-government-used-evangelical-leaders-to-spread-covid-propaganda-to-churches/ How The Federal Government Used Evangelical Leaders To Spread Covid Propaganda To Churches |(free reprint from Illinoisfamily.org)]
* [https://www.dailywire.com/news/house-republicans-accuse-top-bide-health-officials-of-stonewalling-probe-into-covid-19-origins House Republicans Accuse Top Bide Health Officials Of ‘Stonewalling’ Probe Into COVID-19 Origins | Daily Wire]
* [http://biologos.org/about]
* [https://assets.answersingenesis.org/doc/pdf/biologos-house-of-heresy.pdf [[BioLogos]]: House of Heresy & False Teaching | [[Answers in Genesis]] ]
*[https://www.dailywire.com/news/exclusive-in-leaked-audio-former-nih-director-new-biden-science-adviser-laughs-over-threatening-unemployment-to-force-vaccines-blames-trump-for-covid-19-deaths In Leaked Audio Former NIH Director/New Biden Science Adviser Laughs Over Threatening Unemployment To Force Vaccines, Blames Trump For COVID-19 Deaths]

== References ==
{{reflist}}
*The Language of God, 2006

[[Category:Christians]]
[[Category:Evolutionists]]
[[Category:Pro-Abortion]][[Category:Abortion Advocates]]
[[Category:Theistic Evolutionist]]
[[Category:Leftists]]
[[Category:Faucism]]
[[Category:Taxpayer-funded abortion]]

University of Pittsburgh

2022-03-08T00:52:03Z

FresnoCA: /* University of Pittsburgh Medical Center */ Added link

{{University
|name=University of Pittsburgh
|image=
|text=rgb(212,183,131)
|background=rgb(0,33,67)
|type=Public
|city=Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
|sports=baseball, basketball, cross country, football, gymnastics, soccer, softball, swimming and diving, tennis, track and field, volleyball, wrestling<ref>http://pittsburghpanthers.cstv.com/</ref>
|colors=blue, gold
|mascot=Panthers
|endowment=$2.5 billion<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nacubo.org/Documents/research/2011NCSEPublicTablesEndowmentMarketValues319.pdf|title=2011 NACUBO-Commonfund Study of Endowments|accessdate=November 20, 2012}}</ref>
|website=http://www.pitt.edu/
}}
The '''University of Pittsburgh''', founded in 1787, has evolved into an internationally recognized center of learning and research. It is located in the Oakland district of [[Pittsburgh]], [[Pennsylvania]].
==Freedom of Thought and Expression==
The University of Pittsburgh requires a one credit hour course, "Anti-Black Racism: History, Ideology, and Resistance (PITT 0210)" to indoctrinate all students in [[anti-racism]]. Students are automatically enrolled in the class and cannot drop it for any reason.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.provost.pitt.edu/anti-black-racism-history-ideology-and-resistance-final-course-syllabus|title=Anti-Black Racism: History, Ideology, and Resistance (PITT 0210) — Final Course Syllabus|accessdate=2020-08-25}}</ref> The Foundation for Individual Rights in Education gives the Univeristy of Pittsburgh a "yellow" rating.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thefire.org/schools/university-of-pittsburgh/|title=UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH|accessdate=2020-08-25}}</ref>

==Cathedral of Learning==
[[Image:Ab-tour.jpg|left]]
The main building of the campus is the Cathedral of Learning, a structure dedicated in 1937. It is 42 stories tall, making it the second tallest education building in the world. It houses classrooms and offices, with the honors college offices located on the top floor. It is well known for its Nationality Classrooms (located on floors 1-3), which are classrooms decorated in the styles of the national cultures their name represents.<ref>http://www.tour.pitt.edu/tour-080.html</ref>

==Forbes Field==
The campus is also the site of the former Forbes Field, home of the [[Pittsburgh Pirates]] baseball team until 1970, when it was torn down. There is still a piece of the outfield wall left intact, and home plate is located in a glass case on the floor of a newer building on campus, the Forbes Quadrangle.

==Petersen Events Center==
The Petersen Events Center is one of the newest buildings on campus, built on the site of the former Pitt Stadium, home of the Pittsburgh Panthers football team (the team now plays at [[Heinz Field]], home of the [[Pittsburgh Steelers]]). In 'The Pete', the Pittsburgh Panthers men's and women's varsity basketball teams play their home games, and it is also a concert venue.

==University of Pittsburgh Medical Center==
{{See also|Francis_Collins#Greenlighting_implanting_mice_with_cells_from_aborted_infants_and_related_experimentation}}
Oakland is the home to numerous hospitals, all of which fall under the conglomerate of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC). UPMC hospitals are listed in the [[U.S. News and World Report]] Honor Roll for America's Best Hospitals.<ref>http://www.upmc.com/Services/Pages/default.aspx</ref>

==Notes==
{{reflist}}
{{Nb_US_universities|Pennsylvania‎}}

Francis Collins

2022-03-08T00:45:41Z

FresnoCA: Added section and quotes.

'''Dr. Francis Collins''' (born April 14, 1950), a former [[atheist]] who converted to [[Christianity]]. He is a [[Theistic evolution|theistic evolutionist]], the founder of [[BioLogos]] an organization that promotes [[evolution]] in the church, and former head of the [[NIH]].<ref>https://christianresearchnetwork.org/2022/02/04/francis-collins-and-tim-kellers-biologos-says-god-did-not-require-jesus-to-die-to-forgive-sins/</ref> He was director of the [[National Institutes of Health]] until his [[resignation]] in December of 2021<ref>https://www.dailywire.com/news/house-republicans-accuse-top-bide-health-officials-of-stonewalling-probe-into-covid-19-origins</ref>, he was appointed to that position by President [[Barack Hussein Obama]] in 2009. [[Pope Benedict XVI]] has also appointed him to the Pontifical Academy of Sciences. Formerly, Collins was the head of the Human Genome Project at the National Human Genome Research Institute.

He is the author of "The Language of God: A Scientist Presents Evidence for Belief" and is a speaker for the Veritas Forum at college campuses. He cites C.S. Lewis's writings on Christianity in turning him away from atheism, which he now renounces as the least rational worldview.

==Views==
Collins promotes [[theistic evolution]], which he calls [[BioLogos]]. He believes a non-literal interpretation of creation as it appears in Genesis. However, he believes the fine-tuning of the physical constants and the existence of a Moral Law prove the existence of a loving God.

[[Creation Ministries International]] declared concerning Collins theistic evolutionary views:
{{cquote|All Christians, creationists included, can find much to like in ''[[The Language of God]]''. Collins’ personal story is fascinating. His intention in writing the book is excellent: to spread the word that faith is reasonable. Like Collins, we want to see an end to the widespread false impression that faith and science are incompatible. However, we must sadly conclude that most of Collins’ arguments—his means to the laudable ends that we all want to further—are going down the wrong path. Instead of creating a harmony between faith and science, theistic evolution subsumes the authority of Scripture to the authority of the latest scientific paper, leaving philosophical confusion in its wake.<ref>https://creation.com/harmony-and-discord-a-review-of-francis-collins-book-the-language-of-god</ref>}}

BeliefNet wrote concerning Collins' views on abortion:
{{cquote|In a 1998 book he co-authored, Principles of Medical Genetics, he considers a bioethical situation where a genetic counselor is discussing with a (married) mother, 8 weeks pregnant, whether to abort her child because there’s a 7 to 8 percent chance the child will have a mild learning disability. Should the mother indicate an interest in aborting, Collins and his two co-authors commend to the counselor a stance of “respect for [patient] autonomy” and “nondirective counseling.” In other words, the medical professional in this context should be morally neutral.<ref>http://blog.beliefnet.com/kingdomofpriests/2009/07/francis-collins-on-abortion.html</ref>}}

Collins is also an advocate for therapeutic cloning without the use of embryonic stem cells. In 2020, he was awarded the [[Templeton Prize]].

Collins is on record stating he does not definitively believe, as most pro-lifers do, that life begins at conception, and his tenure at NIH has been marked by extreme [[Pro-abortion|anti-life]], pro-LGBT policies. Other than his proclamations that he is, himself, a believer, the [[NIH]] director espouses nearly no public positions that would mark him out as any different from any extreme [[Left]]-wing [[bureaucrat]]. He has not only defended<ref>https://www.science.org/content/article/nih-chief-defends-use-human-fetal-tissue-opponents-decry-it-congress</ref> experimentation on fetuses obtained by abortion, he has also directed record-level<ref>https://www.firstthings.com/web-exclusives/2021/10/the-cautionary-tale-of-francis-collins</ref> spending toward it.

== Impact as [[NIH]] Director ==

=== Greenlighting implanting mice with cells from [[aborted]] infants and related experimentation===

Among the priorities the [[NIH]] has funded<ref>https://www.ncregister.com/blog/how-aborted-children-are-used</ref> under Collins — a [[University of Pittsburgh]] experiment that involved grafting infant scalps onto lab rats, as well as projects that relied on the harvested organs of [[aborted]], full-term babies. Some doctors have even charged Collins with giving money to research that required extracting kidneys, ureters, and bladders from living infants. <ref>https://www.dailywire.com/news/how-the-federal-government-used-evangelical-leaders-to-spread-covid-propaganda-to-churches </ref><ref>https://illinoisfamily.org/religious/how-the-federal-government-used-evangelical-leaders-to-spread-covid-propaganda-to-churches/</ref>

When asked about the NIH funding experiments such as [[University of Pittsburgh]] [https://www.ncregister.com/news/pro-lifers-speak-out-against-taxpayer-funded-experiments-using-aborted-fetal-body-parts studies that involved harvesting body parts from babies at various stages of development and grafting infant scalps onto lab rats] [https://blog.whitecoatwaste.org/2022/02/04/wcw-investigation-fauci-is-usas-top-spender-on-animal-experiments-with-human-fetal-tissue/ and others], Collins did not deny knowing about or green lighting such projects.<ref>https://www.dailywire.com/news/exclusive-in-leaked-audio-former-nih-director-new-biden-science-adviser-laughs-over-threatening-unemployment-to-force-vaccines-blames-trump-for-covid-19-deaths In Leaked Audio Former NIH Director/New Biden Science Adviser Laughs Over Threatening Unemployment To Force Vaccines, Blames Trump For COVID-19 Deaths</ref>

=== Abuse of position to influence [[Evangelical]] views ===

[[Evangelical]] leaders like Russell Moore have been [https://www.theamericanconservative.com/dreher/evangelicals-who-are-good-bad-francis-collins-david-brooks/ under] [https://wng.org/opinions/decadence-on-display-1645449344 fire] since [[The Daily Wire]] detailed their praise and promotion of Collins despite his record of the NIH funding controversial [[transgender]] research on [[minors]] and experimentation on organs collected from aborted infants<ref>https://www.ncregister.com/blog/how-aborted-children-are-used</ref><ref>https://www.ncregister.com/news/pro-lifers-speak-out-against-taxpayer-funded-experiments-using-aborted-fetal-body-parts</ref>.

Carl R. Trueman, fellow at the Ethics and Public Policy Center, has stated: {{cquote|Francis Collins was lauded as a faithful presence by a number of [[evangelical]] leaders upon his retirement, even though, as [[The Daily Wire|The Daily Wire’s]] Megan Basham [https://www.dailywire.com/news/how-the-federal-government-used-evangelical-leaders-to-spread-covid-propaganda-to-churches <ref>https://illinoisfamily.org/religious/how-the-federal-government-used-evangelical-leaders-to-spread-covid-propaganda-to-churches/</ref> recently demonstrated in painful detail]<ref>https://www.dailywire.com/news/how-the-federal-government-used-evangelical-leaders-to-spread-covid-propaganda-to-churches </ref><ref>https://illinoisfamily.org/religious/how-the-federal-government-used-evangelical-leaders-to-spread-covid-propaganda-to-churches/</ref>, Collins’ “faithful presence” at the National Institutes of Health does not seem to have gone beyond that of faithfully turning up to work. In the real world, there are humble employees all over the country for whom “faithful presence” of the truly Christian kind comes with significant personal discomfort and professional cost

-Carl R. Trueman <ref>https://wng.org/opinions/decadence-on-display-1645449344</ref>}}

[[Rob Dreher]], author of the bestselling book ''Live Not by Lies'', said of this revelation: {{cquote|it shows how we can allow ourselves to be used and deceived by those in whom we place authority. Though Evangelicalism is not my world, nor is science, I have for years uncritically assumed that Francis Collins was a ''Good Guy''™, was ''One Of Us''™, and so forth. Why? Because others I knew and trusted said so. That was it. It really was. That Collins was so useless as a [[Christian]] when it came to the ways he ran [[NIH]] came as a shock to me when I first read about it last fall<ref>https://www.dailywire.com/news/how-the-federal-government-used-evangelical-leaders-to-spread-covid-propaganda-to-churches </ref>. I assumed that because the people I know and trust vouched for him, he must be fine.

We all do this, and we have to do this, because nobody can get through life being radically skeptical of everybody else. All of us have a network of people we trust as authoritative. What none of us really know, though, is whether or not those who have our trust deserve it.

-Rob Dreher <ref>https://www.theamericanconservative.com/dreher/evangelicals-who-are-good-bad-francis-collins-david-brooks/ Rob Dreher | Evangelicals: Who Are The Good & The Bad? | theamericanconservative.com </ref>}}

== See Also ==
* [[Anthony Fauci]]
* [[Faucism]]
* [[NIH]]
* [[BioLogos]]

== External links ==
* [https://www.dailywire.com/news/how-the-federal-government-used-evangelical-leaders-to-spread-covid-propaganda-to-churches How The Federal Government Used Evangelical Leaders To Spread Covid Propaganda To Churches |(original article with paywall from The [[Daily Wire]])]
* [https://illinoisfamily.org/religious/how-the-federal-government-used-evangelical-leaders-to-spread-covid-propaganda-to-churches/ How The Federal Government Used Evangelical Leaders To Spread Covid Propaganda To Churches |(free reprint from Illinoisfamily.org)]
* [https://www.dailywire.com/news/house-republicans-accuse-top-bide-health-officials-of-stonewalling-probe-into-covid-19-origins House Republicans Accuse Top Bide Health Officials Of ‘Stonewalling’ Probe Into COVID-19 Origins | Daily Wire]
* [http://biologos.org/about]
* [https://assets.answersingenesis.org/doc/pdf/biologos-house-of-heresy.pdf [[BioLogos]]: House of Heresy & False Teaching | [[Answers in Genesis]] ]
*[https://www.dailywire.com/news/exclusive-in-leaked-audio-former-nih-director-new-biden-science-adviser-laughs-over-threatening-unemployment-to-force-vaccines-blames-trump-for-covid-19-deaths In Leaked Audio Former NIH Director/New Biden Science Adviser Laughs Over Threatening Unemployment To Force Vaccines, Blames Trump For COVID-19 Deaths]

== References ==
{{reflist}}
*The Language of God, 2006

[[Category:Christians]]
[[Category:Evolutionists]]
[[Category:Pro-Abortion]][[Category:Abortion Advocates]]
[[Category:Theistic Evolutionist]]
[[Category:Leftists]]
[[Category:Faucism]]

Francis Collins

2022-03-07T23:24:49Z

FresnoCA: /* Views */ Added reference

Francis Collins

2022-03-07T23:19:34Z

FresnoCA: /* External links */ Added free reprint of Article for reference

Francis Collins

2022-03-07T23:12:00Z

FresnoCA: /* External links */ Added External link

Mass Killings Under Communist Regimes

2022-03-06T18:19:55Z

FresnoCA: Added link

#REDIRECT [[Mass killings under Communist regimes]]
{{Move|Mass killings under Communist regimes}}
'''[[Mass killings under Communist regimes]]''' is a common symptom of [[Communist]]-run states. By far the most bloody and murderous communist regime by the sheer numbers of people murdered was the [[Soviet Union]] that killed nearly 61,000,000 people. [[Joseph Stalin]], the [[USSR]]'s most notorious dictator, is responsible for almost 43,000,000 of these murders.[https://hawaii.edu/powerkills/COM.ART.HTM] Communist regimes sometimes kill people outside of the control of their regime as evidenced by the tragic Soviet attack on a commercial airliner, [[Korean Airlines Flight 007]], over international waters near Sakhalin Island on September 1, 1983 which killed 269 civilians, including a sitting U.S. Congressman, [[Larry McDonald]].

==References==
1. https://hawaii.edu/powerkills/COM.ART.HTM

==See Also==
[[Communism]]

[[Category:Communists]]
[[Category:Mass Murderers]]
[[Category:Dictators]]
[[Category:Totalitarianism]]
[[Category:Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Russian History]]
[[Category:Marxism]]
[[Category:Soviet Leaders]]
[[Category:Atheists]]
[[Category:Police State]]
[[Category:Cold War]]
[[Category:Terrorists]]

Mass killings under Communist regimes

2022-03-06T18:19:16Z

FresnoCA: Undid previous edit (wrong page).

'''Mass killings under Communist regimes''' is a common symptom of [[Communist]]-run states. By far the most bloody and murderous communist regime by the sheer numbers of people murdered was the [[Soviet Union]] that killed nearly 61,000,000 people. [[Joseph Stalin]], the [[USSR]]'s most notorious dictator, is responsible for almost 43,000,000 of these murders.[https://hawaii.edu/powerkills/COM.ART.HTM] Communist regimes sometimes kill people outside of the control of their regime as evidenced by the tragic Soviet attack on a commercial airliner, [[Korean Airlines Flight 007]], over international waters near Sakhalin Island on September 1, 1983 which killed 269 civilians, including a sitting U.S. Congressman, [[Larry McDonald]].

==References==
1. https://hawaii.edu/powerkills/COM.ART.HTM

==See Also==
[[Communism]]

[[Category:Communists]]
[[Category:Mass Murderers]]
[[Category:Dictators]]
[[Category:Totalitarianism]]
[[Category:Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Russian History]]
[[Category:Marxism]]
[[Category:Soviet Leaders]]
[[Category:Atheists]]
[[Category:Police State]]
[[Category:Cold War]]
[[Category:Terrorists]]

Mass killings under Communist regimes

2022-03-06T18:18:19Z

FresnoCA: Added link

'''[[Mass killings under Communist regimes]]''' is a common symptom of [[Communist]]-run states. By far the most bloody and murderous communist regime by the sheer numbers of people murdered was the [[Soviet Union]] that killed nearly 61,000,000 people. [[Joseph Stalin]], the [[USSR]]'s most notorious dictator, is responsible for almost 43,000,000 of these murders.[https://hawaii.edu/powerkills/COM.ART.HTM] Communist regimes sometimes kill people outside of the control of their regime as evidenced by the tragic Soviet attack on a commercial airliner, [[Korean Airlines Flight 007]], over international waters near Sakhalin Island on September 1, 1983 which killed 269 civilians, including a sitting U.S. Congressman, [[Larry McDonald]].

==References==
1. https://hawaii.edu/powerkills/COM.ART.HTM

==See Also==
[[Communism]]

[[Category:Communists]]
[[Category:Mass Murderers]]
[[Category:Dictators]]
[[Category:Totalitarianism]]
[[Category:Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Russian History]]
[[Category:Marxism]]
[[Category:Soviet Leaders]]
[[Category:Atheists]]
[[Category:Police State]]
[[Category:Cold War]]
[[Category:Terrorists]]

Communism

2022-03-06T18:16:55Z

FresnoCA: /* See also */ Edited link

{{see also|Democratic Party}}
[[File:Antifa DC.jpeg|right|350px|thumb]]
'''Communism''' is a [[left-wing]] anti-democratic and violent ideology dedicated to supposedly overthrow [[capitalism]], replacing it with an unelected "[[dictatorship of the proletariat]]" by [[technocrat]]s and an [[atheist]] elite. Under Communism, the [[political]] system replaces [[private property|private ownership]] of the means of production with a supposed "collective ownership" of the [[economy]], but really maintained for the benefit and profit of a corrupt elite. Capitalism is impossible to overthrow because any business, or "means of production," that costs more to operate than the income it produces, i.e. does not turn a profit, will ultimately fail.

These elites empower [[criminal]] gangsters and hoodlums to keep opposition in check. Because private ownership is illegal in favor of a [[collective]], prisons are emptied of anyone convicted of a property crime. This criminal element is the base of the communists' political power to destroy [[democracy]]. Political opposition is outlawed. Having rejected the culture and habits of the old regime as unjust, many of the worst violent offenders are released from prison to become enforcers for the corrupt ruling elite.<ref>Although the [[Nazi]] regime was not a communist regime, it borrowed much from the [[Bolshevik]]s. The [[Einsatzgruppen]] or mobile death squads were recruited from convicted murderers and mental hospitals.</ref>

In [[Karl Marx]]'s theory, Communism is the final phase of societal evolution that begins with [[socialism]]. Marxist theory alleges that [[feudalism]] evolved into [[capitalism]], and capitalism evolves into socialism, and eventually the highest order of societal evolution is achieved when socialism evolves into communism. Marx's ''Communist Manifesto'' proposes the establishment of a "[[classless society]]" when human society reaches this ultimate perfection, minus any resistors or counterrevolutionaries. Communist societies however do maintain a [[class structure]] with the corrupt elite on top, scientists, technicians, and skilled workers recruited from schools who are afforded special privileges, thugs and mobsters who now become the enforcers and police, and everyone else with no political rights.

Communists distinctly despise anyone who holds a [[moral]] code that [[worship]]s or teaches loyalty to anything other than the [[state]] and [[government]]. [[Religious]] believers particularly are singled out for persecution and "re-education."

Communist societies that have survived into the [[21st century]], including [[China]], [[Cuba]], and [[North Korea]], have reverted to a feudal order of inherited privilege run by the descendants of the original revolutionaries who murdered all opposition and stole the wealth of the rich and powerful of their day. To manage government and society, the party trains and recruits "experts" from government schools who are promised party membership which brings special privileges not afforded to the [[proletariat]]. Students who do not go along with the party agenda are doomed to a life of limited career opportunities, limited career advancement, or poverty. All live in terror, both party members and non-party members, of running afoul of the party's secret police which enforces the party's ever changing, contradictory dictums and agenda. Communist party's are essentially [[criminal]] organizations built on murder and theft, and maintain their power by murder and theft.

Communism supposedly is "[[democratic]]";<ref>http://www.marxists.org/archive/mandel/1968/11/workersdem.htm</ref> however a "democratic" election in a communist system has candidates from only one party, nominated by higher-ups in the organization. A communist system is intolerant of opposing views and outlaws political opposition. The lack of a political opposition leads to a lack of accountability.

Governments under the banner of Communism have caused the death of somewhere between 40 million to 260 million human lives.<ref>Multiple references:
*Anticommunist (April 14, 2004). [https://web.archive.org/web/20130607125427/http://www.indymedia.org.uk/en/2004/04/289239.html "The Human Cost of Communism - 100 million"]. UK Indymedia. Retrieved from June 7, 2013 archive at Internet Archive.
*[http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~hpcws/lelivrenoir.htm "''The Black Book of Communism''"]. Harvard University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences website: Cold War Studies.
*Rummel, R. J. (November 1993). [http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/COM.ART.HTM "How many did communist regimes murder?"] University of Hawaii website; Freedom, Democracy, Peace; Power, Democide, and War.
*White, Matthew (February 2011). [http://necrometrics.com/20c5m.htm "Source list and detailed death tolls for the primary megadeaths of the twentieth century"]. Necrometrics.
*Higgins, David (June 22, 2007). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071008035420/http://www.sarasotamagazine.com/blog/template_permalink.asp?id=365 "Memory and ideology: Washington's newest statue is the Victims Of Communism Memorial"]. Sarasota Magazine website. Retrieved from October 8, 2007 archive at Internet Archive
*Radosh, Ronald (February 2000). [http://www.firstthings.com/article.php3?id_article=2526 "''The Black Book of Communism: Crimes, Terror, Repression''"]. First Things [journal] website.
*Satter, David (November 6, 2017). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/100-years-of-communismand-100-million-dead-1510011810 100 Years of Communism—and 100 Million Dead]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved January 15, 2019.</ref> Dr. R. J. Rummel, professor emeritus of political science at the University of Hawaii, is the scholar who first coined the term [[democide]] (death by government). Dr. R. J. Rummel's mid estimate regarding the loss of life due to Communism is that it caused the death of approximately 148,286,000 people between 1917 and 1987.<ref>Rummel, R. J. (November 1993). [http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/COM.ART.HTM "How many did communist regimes murder?"] University of Hawaii website; Freedom, Democracy, Peace; Power, Democide, and War.</ref>

President [[Ronald Reagan]] in an address before the British [[House of Commons]] said,
{{Cquote|'''What I am describing now is a plan and hope for the long term — the march of [[freedom]] and [[democracy]] which will leave Marxism-Leninism on the ash heap of history as it has left other tyrannies which stifle the freedom and muzzle the self-expression of the people.'''<ref>President Ronald Reagan [http://www.iri.org/history_ReaganSpeech.asp Speech to the British Parliament], June 8, 1982. Retrieved from International Republican Institute 05/24/07.</ref>}}

Today, Communism continues to rule over at least one-fifth of the world's people,<ref>[http://www.victimsofcommunism.org/history_communism.php Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation], Documenting Communism's Crimes Against Humanity.</ref> and has infiltrated the [[Democratic Party|Democrat Party]] of the United States since at least the World War II era, more so since the 1960s, and has fully shown itself since the year 2020.
__TOC__
{{clear}}

==Modern communism==
The first false dichotomy of communism is the notion that capitalism and communism are competing ideologies. While communism is built on an [[ideology]] that justifies murder and theft, capitalism is built upon the [[natural law]] that you cannot consume that which has not been not been first produced. Author Lee Smith explains:
{{quotebox-float|"Communism has nothing to do with ideology. Ideology (lifting the masses out of [[poverty]], making all people [[equal]], etc.) is just cover for [[class war]]. But the class war is not, as Marxists describe it, between the [[proletariat|proletarian]] masses and the [[bourgeoisie]]. Rather, the proletariat is simply the instrument that the [[oligarch]]ic elite—known in the Soviet Union, for instance, as the [[nomenklatura]]—uses to keep the [[middle class]]es at bay while they steal their wealth.<ref>https://www.theepochtimes.com/americas-top-general-reads-marx-but-does-not-understand-how-its-destroying-america_3874251.html</ref>}}

===Maoism===
[[File:Wmr1a.jpg|right|259px|thumb|Burnt remains of victims were 'hosed down the drains'<ref>https://archive.is/6nzNI</ref><ref>http://www.cnd.org/HYPLAN/yawei/june4th/</ref>]]
{{See also|Maoism|Rectification}}
In China, the [[Chinese Communist Party]] retains an autocratic regime controlled by the party, which allows no democracy or dissent. However it does allow capitalism, and has experienced a very rapid growth of the private sector and the middle class. Observers expect that the regime's efforts to control public opinion and forestall the will of the people will be more and more difficult.

The Maoist strategy for world revolution is based on the global version of the strategy employed by the [[Chinese Communist Party]] (CCP) which led to Mao's victory in 1949. The analogy went like this: through "peoples war" the CCP forces who controlled the countryside of China encircled the cities of China, isolated the foe, and destroyed it piecemeal. The logic followed that the countryside of the world as a reaction to the super-exploitation suffered at the hands of the city of the world would become united and defeat the latter, and in the process establish a world socialist order. This grand design would come about not through the struggles of working classes in revolutionary fervor inside the advanced capitalist countries as prescribed by Marx, but through the vehicle of [[national liberation struggle]]s of the colonial and former colonial peoples of the [[Third World]].

Maoism inspired students and other young people who looked to the Chinese [[Red Guards]] as a model of [[activism]].<ref>Paul Costello, U.S. Anti-Revisionism [http://marxists.architexturez.net/history/erol/1960-1970/index.htm Third Wave, 1960-1970,] Encyclopedia of Anti-Revisionism On-Line. Marxist Internet Archive. Retrieved March 16, 2010.</ref> While some of these young activists were drawn to the Progressive Labor Party (PLP), the full flowering of American Maoism would not come until the proliferation of new groups such as the [[Students for a Democratic Society]] (SDS), [[Weather Underground]] (WUO), [[Black Panthers]] (BPP) and the Communist Party (Marxist-Leninist) (CP-ML) after 1969.

[[North Korea]] remains a brutal dictatorship controlled by the same family. [[Laos]], and [[Vietnam]] are also run by the old Communist cliques.

===Xi Jinping Thought===
In October 2017 an amendment including [[Xi Jinping]]'s name was added to the CCP's party constitution, marking the first time a living leader's name was added since [[Mao Zedong]], reflecting Xi's standing within the Communist Party. The amendment was approved by all 2,300 delegates attending the party congress, is called "Xi Jinping Thought for the New Era of Socialism With Chinese Special Characteristics."

The move placed Xi on the same level as Mao and [[Deng Xiaoping]], whose names also appear in the party constitution in articles reflecting their principles. The political principles of [[Jiang Zemin]] and [[Hu Jintao]], Xi's predecessors, were added to the party constitution, but their names were not.

''[[The New York Times]]'' Chris Buckley notes that Xi's authority "is not directly comparable to the almost godlike influence Mao commanded," but, at the same time, "the Chinese economy, state and military are much more powerful now than they were under Mao, or even under Deng, which gives Mr. Xi far more global influence than his predecessors."<ref>https://www.businessinsider.com/china-xi-jinping-and-chinese-economy-2017-10</ref>

Xi Jinping Thought is an effort to avoid the demise of Communist party power such as happened in the [[Soviet Union]] as the result of ''[[Perestroika]]'' and ''[[Glasnost]]'' reform movements instituted by Soviet General Secretary [[Mikhail Gorbachev]].

Jin Canrong, a professor and associate dean of the School of International Studies at Beijing's Renmin University of China, laid out a multi-pronged strategy involving a range of malign actions to subvert the United States while strengthening the communist regime.<ref>https://www.theepochtimes.com/mkt_breakingnews/xi-jinpings-adviser-outlines-plan-for-ccp-to-defeat-us-including-manipulating-elections_3748196.html</ref> Jin emphasized that Xi was unlike his predecessors in his ambitions. Previous CCP leaders, such as Deng Xiaoping, Jiang Zemin, and Hu Jintao worked hard to develop the regime's power but didn't dare to use it, he said. “No matter how much power you have, it’s nothing if you don’t dare to use it,” Jin said. “Chairman Xi dares to use it. [Xi’s authorities] have the power, dare to use that power, and all of its attacks make the other party bleed.”

Xi's global strategy to bolster the regime's global power has two pillars, according to Jin. One is the [[Belt and Road Initiative]] (BRI), the other is the Free Trade Area of the Asia-Pacific (FTAAP).

Xi's ambitions, however, cannot be revealed to the outside world, the professor said. When Xi took power in 2012, he urged the country to realize the “Chinese dream.” This meant becoming a “moderately well-off” country by 2021, and then a “strong, democratic, civilized, harmonious, and modern socialist country” by 2049. Jin explained that Xi's target is actually to replace the United States as the world's only superpower by 2049. “[Chinese] Ministry of Foreign Affairs keeps on saying [at press briefings] that China loves peace. But no reporters at the press briefings believe this,” Jin said.

===Communism in the United States===
{{see also|Democratic party|Green New Deal|Medicare for All|Obamacare}}
Author Linda Goudsmit described American communism at America's self-inflicted moment of crisis in 2020:
{{QuoteBox|Marxist political predators have been seducing American children with leftist anti-American indoctrination in [[public schools]] since 1979 when [[Jimmy Carter]] established the [[Department of Education]]. Political predators launched their [[Culture War]] war on America with a [[disinformation]] campaign promising [[social justice]] and income equality that begins in kindergarten.

[[Barack Obama]], political predator-in-chief, escalated the [[propaganda]] campaign against American children with [[Common Core]] and its [[anti-American]] leftist narrative of [[moral relativism]], [[historical revisionism]], and [[political correctness]]. During his [[seditious]] two terms, Obama aligned himself with the equally anti-American [[Islamist]] [[Muslim Brotherhood]].

The longer the [[radical]] leftist [[Democrat Party]] aligns itself with the [[antisemitic]], [[sharia]]-compliant, [[Jihad]]i narrative of submission, the closer the radical Democrat party platform resembles the [[tyranny]] of Islamist rhetoric and supremacist sharia law. The word Islam means submission.

Islamists deny [[Israel]]'s [[right to exist]] as a sovereign country. Today, the leftist Democrat party and its colluding Muslim Brotherhood Islamists in Congress deny not only Israel's right to exist, they also deny [[America]]’s right to exist as a [[sovereign]] [[constitutional republic]]. The leftist/Islamist/[[globalist]] axis of political predators is attempting to take power in November and force America to submit to axis domination.

Aspirations for world domination and the creation of a [[New World Order]] are nothing new. English [[aristocrat]] [[Lord Bertrand Russell]] articulated the plan for the globalist elite’s New World Order in his 1952 classic, ''The Impact of Science on Society''.

After [[World War II]] it was obvious that America could not be defeated militarily. Our enemies did not quietly into the night, they reconstituted themselves as [[social justice warrior]]s with [[Long march through the institutions|a plan for educational indoctrination]] that would subvert American culture and destroy America from within. It was Bertrand Russell who explained the value of educational propaganda in the disinformation war:
[[File:Obama domestic terrorists.png|right|300px|thumb|[[Soros]]-trained lawyer tosses a Molotov cocktail into a police vehicle. The Progressive terrorist was bailed out of jail by a former [[Obama administration]] intelligence official.<ref>https://freebeacon.com/latest-news/former-obama-intelligence-official-helps-secure-bail-for-molotov-cocktail-throwing-nyc-lawyer/</ref>]]
:''page 27-28 (Routledge Classics 2016 edition):

:''It may be hoped that in time anybody will be able to persuade anybody of anything if he can catch the patient young and is provided by the State with money and equipment.

:''[[Education]] should aim at destroying [[free will]] so that pupils thus schooled, will be incapable throughout the rest of their lives of thinking or acting otherwise than as their schoolmasters would have wished. . . . Influences of the home are obstructive; not much can be done unless indoctrination begins before the age of ten; in order to condition students, verses set to music and repeatedly intoned are very effective. . . . It is for a future [[scientist]] to make these maxims precise and to discover exactly how much it costs per head to make children believe that snow is black. When the technique has been perfected, every government that has been in charge of education for more than one generation will be able to control its subjects securely without the need of armies or [[police]]men.

The leftist educational indoctrination launched by Jimmy Carter in 1979 and amplified by Barack Obama, fully actuated the sinister plan of weaponizing education described by Bertrand Russell. The radical leftist Democrat war on America that begins in K-12 ends in [[anarchy]] on the streets of America today. The political predators are exploiting indoctrinated Americans and supplying them with financing, bricks, and [[Molotov cocktail]]s to [[riot]] and burn America to the ground.

Political predator-in-chief, Barack Obama, sits in the shadow of the White House directing the 30,000 propagandized members of his [[Organizing for Action]] (OFA) “resistance” movement. From his bunker he orchestrates the movements of his shock troops against America-first President Trump. [[OFA]], [[Antifa]], [[Black Lives Matter]], all indoctrinated with the forty-year lie of “[[institutional racism]]” are now demanding submission to their black supremacist demands.

The political predators of 21st century America use the [[Internet]] for mass [[social engineering]] to foment anarchy, race riots, and submission internationally. Anarchy is never the path to peace. It is the tyrannical weapon of political predators who instigate and finance it.<ref>https://www.trevorloudon.com/2020/06/political-predators-threaten-america-with-extinction/</ref>}}

====Democratic Socialism: 1992 - present====
[[File:America Under Communism.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Is This Tomorrow - America Under Communism]]
{{see also|Committees of Correspondence of Democratic Socialism}}
With the collapse of Soviet Communism and the conversion of Chinese Communism to "state run capitalism," the spiritual and ideological center of world of Communism and the [[Marxist-Leninist]] tradition shifted to the [[United States]]. Several prominent American Communists, rudderless without [[Moscow]] direction, formed a new organization in 1992 called the [[Committees of Correspondence for Democratic Socialism]].
[[File:Socialist International logo.png|left|100px]]
The initial organizational conference was held in [[Berkeley]], [[California]], July 17–19, 1992. Charlene Mitchell, a former leader of the California Communist Party, speaking at the conference said, "the collapse of [[socialism]] in [[Central Europe]] and the [[Soviet Union]] left the [[United States]] in a near unchallenged position of world leadership." Mitchell continued,
{{Cquote|What began as a moment to take stock and ponder where to go from there has now become a very different entity. People from the Communist Party, from CrossRoads, from the [[Democratic Socialists of America]], from NCIPA [National Committee for Independent Political Action], from Solidarity, from the Socialist Organizing Network and many others, including independent leftists and independent socialists, have come together here in Berkeley.}}
Criticizing U.S. actions in the [[First Gulf War]], Mitchell stated,
{{Cquote|[[progressive]] forces were nearly powerless in the face of an onslaught of demagogic, [[patriotic]] [[jingoism]] and yellow ribbons. This war, fought for no legitimate reason, was the crowning height of [[George H.W. Bush|President [George H.W.] Bush]]'s [[New World Order]]. Previously, the Soviet Union helped to provide a certain balance to rein in the crazies in this country. Now, that balance is no longer there. It is now up to us, the American people, to rein in our own crazies. The [[left]] must take a major responsibility in organizing this task.}}

====Biden junta====
[[File:Tremmell.png|right|350px|thumb|Bernell Tremmell was murdered by Marxists in Milwaukee in July 2020 for his outspoken beliefs in freedom, justice, and racial equality.<ref>https://100percentfedup.com/prominent-black-trump-supporter-shot-to-death-in-milwaukee-hours-after-pro-trump-interview/</ref>]]
{{see also|Biden junta}}
Lee Smith explains:
{{quotebox-float|"After watching the serial operations destroy the leadership of the [[America First]] movement—from [[Russiagate]] through the [[Impeachment 2.0|second impeachment]] of Donald Trump—the [[COVID-19 lockdown]]s, the [[George Floyd riots]], and now the effort to categorize [[Biden_junta#Attack_on_civil_liberties|Trump voters as domestic terrorist]]s, we don’t need a theory to understand the nature of what has historically been called “communism” to obscure the fact that it’s nothing but the power grab of an oligarchic elite. We’re living it."}}

====2020 left wing riots====

{{see also|2020 Leftist insurrection|Defund the Police}}
2020 left wing riots were an effort by the [[DNC]] and [[mainstream media]] to spark a race war in the [[United States]] in advance of the [[2020 presidential election]].<ref>https://creativedestructionmedia.com/analysis/2020/05/28/the-last-7-days-media-and-the-reckless-push-for-race-war/</ref> On the [[BLM]] homepage, which features a “[[Defund The Police]]” petition front and center, if a user chooses to donate, they're rerouted to a site hosted by ActBlue, the [[DNC]]'s official payment portal.<ref>https://www.opensecrets.org/pacs/expenditures.php?cmte=C00401224&cycle=2020</ref> ActBlue claims to be tax exempt organization and all donations to it are tax-deductible. The terms and conditions also link to ActBlue and mention "Campaign Finance Laws".<ref>https://secure.actblue.com/content/fineprint</ref> [[Joe Biden]] is a top beneficiary of the ActBlue's fundraising efforts.<ref>https://thenationalpulse.com/politics/biden-black-lives-matter-defund-the-police/</ref>

=====Antifa No go zones=====
{{see also|Capitol Hill Autonomous Zone}}

====Obamunism====
[[File:OFA logo.png|right|150px]]
{{see also|Obamunism|Obamagate|Obamagate timeline}}
Former NSC staffer Michael Doran described what is at stake as "a core principle of our [[democracy]]: that elected representatives control the government, and not vice versa." [[National security]] expert [[Chris Farrell]] characterized the Obamagate scandal as "a titanic struggle for America's future," and warned that if "Communications Intelligence is used as a [[partisan]] political weapon without people going to jail, we will have crossed the point of no return for institutional [[corruption]] in our government, our intelligence services and [[law enforcement]]. This is illegal domestic political [[espionage]] on a scale never before imagined. It is, however, totally consistent with the [[Obama Administration]]’s weaponizing of the [[IRS]], as well as other unlawful manipulations of government programs to fund the operations of political allies and non-governmental organizations."<ref>https://youtu.be/CHzIw27Jn70</ref>

=====Press censorship and control=====
On September 21, 2010, an internal email entitled “Obama Leak Investigations” at the “global intelligence” company Stratfor claimed Obama's White House adviser [[John Brennan]] was targeting [[journalist]]s.

{{QuoteBox-float|"Brennan is behind the [[witch hunt]]s of investigative journalists learning information from inside the beltway sources,” writes one Stratfor official to another. The email continues: “Note —There is specific tasker from the [White House] to go after anyone printing materials negative to the Obama agenda (oh my.) Even the FBI is shocked. The Wonder Boys must be in meltdown mode…”}}
:“The Wonder Boys” reportedly refers to the [[National Security Agency]] (NSA).<ref>Credit:Sharyl Attkisson. https://wikileaks.org/gifiles/docs/12/1210665_obama-leak-investigations-internal-use-only-pls-do-not.html</ref>

=====Repressive measures against a CBS News anchor=====
On October 31, 2014, [[CBS News]] anchor [[Sharyl Attkisson]] revealed to the world videographic evidence<ref name=video>[http://bcove.me/9pousb3w Cellphone video by Sharyl Attkisson] of actions of a remote-access program on her computer, a program she did not install. Accessed 1 November 2014.</ref> that some person or persons unknown installed keylogging and remote-access software and used it to interfere with her work and compromise several sensitive personal passwords. Worse yet, someone tampered with the router that provides her with high-speed Internet service.<ref name=Godfather>Cronn T., "Big Brother videotaped hacking reporter's computer," ''Godfather Politics'', posted 1 November 2014. <http://godfatherpolitics.com/18151/big-brother-videotaped-hacking-reporters-computer/></ref><ref name=CNAV>Hurlbut T, "Sharyl Attkisson meets Orwell", ''Conservative News and Views'', posted 1 November 2014.<https://www.conservativenewsandviews.com/2014/11/01/firstamendment/sharyl-attkisson-meets-orwell/></ref>
[[File:AttkissonB52.jpg|left|250px|thumb|Sharyl Attkisson reporting from a combat mission over [[Kosovo]].]]
In her Best Seller, ''Stonewalled: One Reporter's Fight for Truth Against the Forces of Obstruction, Intimidation, and Harassment in Obama's Washington'',<ref name="NYT Best Stonewalled">{{cite news|title=Best Sellers: Combined Print & E-Book Nonfiction|url=https://www.nytimes.com/best-sellers-books/2014-11-23/combined-print-and-e-book-nonfiction/list.html|accessdate=|publisher=''[[The New York Times]]''|date=November 23, 2014}}</ref> Attkisson tells how her work and personal computers had been hacked for more than two years after she began filing stories about the Benghazi massacre.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/05/21/sharyl-attkisson-computers-compromised-cbs_n_3313199.html|title=CBS' Sharyl Attkisson: My Computers Were Compromised, 'Could Be Some Relationship' To DOJ Scandals|last=Mirkinson|first=Jack|date=May 21, 2013|work=[[The Huffington Post]]|accessdate=}}</ref> CBS News investigated and found evidence of multiple unauthorized accesses by a third party in late 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/06/14/sharyl-attkisson_n_3442019.html|title=CBS News Confirms Sharyl Attkisson's Computer Breached|date=June 14, 2013|work=[[The Huffington Post]]|accessdate=}}</ref> The hackers were identified by experts as a US Government intelligence agency.<ref>{{Citation|last=|first=|author-link=|last2=Golding|first2=Bruce|title=Kyle Smith, Ex-CBS reporter: Government agency bugged my computer|newspaper=[[New York Post]]|date=October 27, 2014|url=http://nypost.com/2014/10/27/ex-cbs-reporter-government-related-entity-bugged-my-computer|accessdate=}}</ref> In March 2015, Attkisson and her family initiated suit against Eric Holder, Patrick R. Donahoe and unnamed agents of the [[US Department of Justice]], the US Postal Service and the United States claiming to have been subjected to illegal surveillance activities.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/erik-wemple/wp/2015/01/05/attkisson-sues-government-over-computer-intrusions Attkisson sues government over computer intrusions], ''Washington Post''; Retrieved March 6, 2015.</ref><ref>to [https://www.washingtonpost.com/r/2010-2019/WashingtonPost/2015/01/05/Editorial-Opinion/Graphics/attkisson-lawsuit.pdf Editorial Opinion re Attkisbson], ''Washington Post''; Retrieved March 6, 2015.</ref>

On March 19, 2017, a federal judge denies motion to dismiss case brought by former CBS anchor Sharyl Attkisson against [[Eric Holder]] and other Obamagate conspirators. Attkisson reported on [[Operation Fast and Furious]], the [[Benghazi massacre]] coverup, and exposed the [[hoax]] reporting of Hillary Clinton landing under sniper fire. For this she was wiretaped and resigned from CBS. In her Best Seller, ''Stonewalled: One Reporter's Fight for Truth Against the Forces of Obstruction, Intimidation, and Harassment in Obama's Washington'',<ref name="NYT Best Stonewalled"/> Attkisson details her story. The judge transferred the case allowing it to go forward.<ref>In his ruling the judge stated: "In 2011--at the same time that Ms. Attkisson was conducting investigations and issuing certain of her high-profile news reports--the Attkissons 'began to notice anomalies in numerous electronic devices at their home in Virginia.' These anomalies included Ms. Attkisson's work-issued laptop computer and a family desktop computer 'turning on and off at night without input from anyone in the household,' 'the house alarm chirping daily at different times,' and 'television problems, including interference.' All of these electronic devices used 'the [[Verizon]] FiOS line installed in [the Attkissons'] home,' but Verizon was unable to stanch the anomalous activity despite multiple attempts. In January 2012, the Attkissons' residential internet service 'began constantly dropping off'." "In February 2012, 'sophisticated surveillance spyware' was installed on Ms. Attkisson's work-issued laptop computer. A later forensic computer analysis revealed that Ms. Attkisson's laptop and the family's desktop computer had been the 'targets of unauthorized surveillance efforts.' That same forensic analysis revealed that Ms. Attkisson's mobile phone was also targeted for surveillance when it was connected to the family's desktop computer. The infiltration of that computer and the extraction of information from it was 'executed via an IP address owned, controlled, and operated by the United States Postal service.' Additionally, based on the sophisticated nature of the software used to carry out the infiltration and software fingerprints indicating the use of the federal government's proprietary software, the infiltration and surveillance appeared to be perpetrated by persons in the federal government." "An independent forensic computer analyst hired by CBS subsequently reported finding evidence on both Ms. Attkisson's work-issued laptop computer and her family's desktop computer of 'a coordinated, highly-skilled series of actions and attacks directed at the operation of the computers.' Computer forensic analysis also indicated that remote actions were taken in December 2012 to remove the evidence of the electronic infiltration and surveillance from Ms. Attkisson's computers and other home electronic equipment." "As Ms. Attkisson's investigations and reporting continued, in October 2012 the Attkissons noticed 'an escalation of electronic problems at their personal residence, including interference in home and mobile phone lines, computer interference, and television interference.' In November of that year, Ms. Attkisson's mobile phones 'experienced regular interruptions and interference, making telephone communications unreliable, and, at times, virtually impossible'." "Additionally, in December 2012, a person with government intelligence experience conducted an inspection of the exterior of the Attkissons' Virginia home. That investigator discovered an extra Verizon FiOS fiber optics line. Soon thereafter, after a Verizon technician was instructed by Ms. Attkisson to leave the extra cable at the home, the cable disappeared, and the Attkissons were unable to determine what happened to it. In March 2013, the Attkissons' desktop computer malfunctioned, and in September of that year, while Ms. Attkisson was working on a story at her home, she observed that her personal laptop computer was remotely accessed and controlled, resulting in data being deleted from it. On April 3, 2013, Ms. Attkisson filed a complaint with the Inspector General of the Department of Justice. The Inspector General's investigation was limited to an analysis of the compromised desktop computer, and the partially-released report that emerged from that investigation reported 'no evidence of intrusion,' although it did note 'a great deal of advanced mode computer activity not attributable to Ms. Attkisson or anybody in her household'." "The Attkissons allege that the 'cyber-attacks' they 'suffered in [their] home' were perpetrated by 'personnel working on behalf of the United States.' Accordingly, they have asserted various claims against the United States and against former Attorney General Eric Holder, former Postmaster General Patrick Donahoe, and unknown agents of the Department of Justice, the United States Postal Service, and the United States, all in their individual capacities. Those claims include claims against the United States under the FTCA and claims against the individual federal officers for violations of constitutional rights under Bivens v. Six Unknown Named Agents of Fed. Bureau of Narcotics, 403 U.S. 388 (1971)..." https://sharylattkisson.com/attkisson-v-eric-holder-department-of-justice-et-al/ </ref>

=====Repressive measures against Associated Press reporters=====
[[File:Full-spectrum-cyber-effects-final-p4-large.gif|right|300px|thumb|US Government document from 2010 part of the Snowden leaks and sharing agreements with the [[UK]]. The [[Five Eyes]] program of the English speaking world (United States, United Kingdom, [[Canada]], [[Australia]], and [[New Zealand]]) use [[social media]] for “[[propaganda]],” “[[deception]],” “mass messaging,” “pushing stories”, and "discrediting” the intelligence agencies' enemies with false information spread online.<ref>https://theintercept.com/document/2014/04/04/full-spectrum-cyber-effects/</ref> Like the [[atomic bomb]], this technology was created during the [[Cold War]] to defeat Communism and was expropriated by the American left to destroy America and enslave its people.]]
In May 2013 the [[Associated Press]] announced telephone records for 20 of their reporters had been subpoenaed by the Justice Department. News sources reported the US Attorney's office for the District of Columbia was conducting a criminal investigation into publication of a foiled May 2012 terrorist plot. While journalists are protected, leakers in the government are subject to prosecution. The Justice Dept. subpoenaed the phone records of AP from [[Verizon]] and other service providers.<ref name=verizonslate>{{cite web|last=Gallagher|first=Ryan|title=Verizon Wireless Secretly Passed AP Reporters' Phone Records to Feds|publisher=www.slate.com|date=May 16, 2013|url=http://www.slate.com/blogs/future_tense/2013/05/16/verizon_wireless_passed_ap_reporters_phone_records_to_the_feds.html|accessdate=}}</ref> The AP claimed these acts were a "massive and unprecedented intrusion" into news-gathering.<ref name=TTSanchez>{{cite web|last=Sanchez|first=Raf|title=US Justice Department secretly seizes Associated Press phone records|publisher=The Telegraph|date=May 13, 2013|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/us-politics/10055318/US-Justice-Department-secretly-seizes-Associated-Press-phone-records.html|accessdate=}}</ref><ref name=TG130513>{{cite web|author=Washington (AP)|title=US government secretly obtained Associated Press phone records|publisher=The Guardian|date=May 13, 2013|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/may/13/america-government-associated-press-phone-records|accessdate=}}</ref> The "intrusion" is the frightening off of government sources, the bread and butter of the Washington news gathering industry. CEO Gary Pruitt of AP stated: "These records potentially reveal communications with confidential sources across all of the newsgathering activities undertaken by the AP during a two-month period, provide a road map to AP's newsgathering operations and disclose information about AP's activities and operations that the government has no conceivable right to know;"<ref name=CNNJohns>{{cite web|author=Matt Smith and Joe Johns|title=AP blasts feds for phone records search|publisher=CNN|date=May 14, 2013|url=https://www.cnn.com/2013/05/13/us/justice-ap-phones/?hpt=hp_t2|accessdate=}}</ref><ref name=holder>{{cite web|author=Gary B. Pruitt|title=AP letter to Eric Holder on seizure of phone records|publisher=USA Today|date=May 13, 2013|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2013/05/13/doj-seizes-ap-phone-records/2156819/|accessdate=June 1, 2013}}</ref> a "conceivable right to know" would be a hunt for leakers of FISA information within the administration.

=====Repressive measures against the American people=====
In 2013 the [[Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court]] secretly approved an FBI request to continue obtaining daily telephone records of millions of Verizon customers.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/interactive/2013/jun/06/verizon-telephone-data-court-order</ref> The judge ordered Verizon to turn over the information to the National Security Agency (NSA). This directly contradicted Obama [[DNI]] [[James Clapper]]’s Congressional testimony.<ref>https://youtu.be/nsmo0hUWJ08</ref>

=====Data collection and privacy rights=====
In August 2009 it was reported the White House was soliciting bids to outsource a technology vendor to conduct a massive, secret effort to harvest personal information on millions of Americans from social networking websites of Facebook, Twitter, MySpace, YouTube, Flickr and others – any space where the White House “maintains a presence.” The information to be captured includes comments, tag lines, emails, audio, and video.

Critics have charged the emerging pattern of information management and control as "yet another sign that this Administration is at best indifferent to privacy rights and at worst prepared to violate [[civil liberties]] for [[political]] purposes."<ref>[http://nlpc.org/stories/2009/08/31/obama-white-house-has-secret-plan-harvest-personal-data-social-networking-website Obama White House Has Secret Plan To Harvest Personal Data From Social Networking Websites], Ken Boehm, 08/31/2009.</ref>

=====4th Amendment abuses=====
{{See also|Patriot Act|Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act}}
[[File:Fisa-2.jpg|left|300px|thumb|The FISA court ruled the [[Obama administration]]'s improper access of [[FISA]] data granted to contractors "seems to have been the result of deliberate decision making."]]
The Obama [[Justice Department]] has been accused of being "secretive, tyrannical, and oppressive" and compared with [[President George W. Bush]], "even worse."<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090924001648/http://donedems.com/2009/04/14/holy-crap-obama-actually-manages-to-make-the-patriot-act-worse-than-under-bush Obama Actually Manages to Make the Patriot Act WORSE than Under Bush], DONE, April 14, 2009,</ref> As a candidate, Senator Obama lamented that the Bush Administration "invoked a legal tool known as the 'state secrets' privilege more than any other previous administration to get cases thrown out of civil court," however in a motion to dismiss ''Jewel v. NSA'', the Electronic Frontier Foundation litigation against the National Security Agency for the warrantless wiretapping, the [[Obama Administration]] argued that the state secrets privilege requires the court to dismiss the issue out of hand. The Obama administration argued that simply allowing the case to continue "would cause exceptionally grave harm to national security." As in the past, this is a blatant ploy to dismiss the litigation without allowing the courts to consider the evidence.

The Obama Justice Department then argued that the U.S. Government is completely immune from litigation for illegal spying — that the Government can never be sued for surveillance that violates federal privacy statutes. Birch Bricker writing in the ''Auburn Journal'' then points out, "This is a radical assertion that is utterly unprecedented. No one — not the [[White House]], not the Justice Department, not any member of Congress, and not the [[Bush Administration]] — has ever interpreted the law this way....The Obama Administration goes two steps further than Bush did, and claims that the [[US PATRIOT Act]] also renders the U.S. immune from suit under the two remaining key federal surveillance laws: the Wiretap Act and the Stored Communications Act. Essentially, the Obama Administration has claimed that the government cannot be held accountable for illegal surveillance under any federal statutes." <ref>[http://my.auburnjournal.com/detail/111477.html?content_source=&category_id=&search_filter=Patriot+Act&user_id=&event_mode=&event_ts_from=&event_ts_to=&list_type=&order_by=&order_sort=&content_class=2&sub_type=&town_id= It's Actually Possible... The Patriot Act Gets Worse], ''Auburn Journal'', 4/12/09.</ref>

[[File:Mass beheading of Christians in Libya.jpg|350px|thumb|[[Libya]] was an ally of the US against the jihadis until Obama armed the jihadis to overthrew the government. One of their first acts was the mass beheading of [[Christian]]s.]]

=====Discrimination against dissident groups=====
{{main|IRS scandal}}
During the Obama Administration, the [[Internal Revenue Service]] discriminated against conservative organizations by making them wait for years just to gain [[Nonprofit organization|tax-exempt status]]. At the same time, other groups received the same status in a very short period of time, such as a [[satanic]] group which received nonprofit status in only ten days.<ref>[https://www.foxnews.com/us/2017/03/20/irs-granted-satanic-cult-tax-exempt-status-in-10-days-report-says.html IRS granted Satanic cult tax-exempt status in 10 days, report says]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved March 25, 2017.</ref><ref>Ernst, Douglas (March 20, 2017). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2017/mar/20/obama-irs-gave-satan-club-creator-fast-tax-exempt-/ Obama’s IRS gave ‘Satan Club’ creator fast tax-exempt status]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved March 25, 2017.</ref> In 2017, the [[Trump Administration]] ended the scandal by settling with the affected organizations and apologizing,<ref>Multiple references:
*Mason, Ian (October 26, 2017). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2017/10/26/doj-settles-with-tea-party-groups-on-lois-lerner-irs-scandal/ DOJ Settles with Tea Party Groups on Lois Lerner IRS Scandal]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 28, 2017.
*[https://www.voanews.com/a/tea-party-groups-settle-lawsuits-over-irs-mistreatment/4087069.html Tea Party Groups Settle Lawsuits Over IRS Mistreatment]. ''Voice of America'' (from the ''Associated Press''). October 26, 2017. Retrieved October 28, 2017.
*Singman, Brooke (October 26, 2017). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2017/10/26/trump-doj-settles-lawsuits-over-tea-party-targeting-by-obama-irs.html Trump DOJ settles lawsuits over Tea Party targeting by Obama IRS]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved October 28, 2017.
*Adams, Becket (October 27, 2017). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/conservatives-were-targeted-by-a-weaponized-irs-all-they-got-was-this-lousy-apology/article/2638837 Conservatives were targeted by a weaponized IRS; all they got was this lousy apology]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved October 28, 2017.</ref> but it still declined to prosecute IRS official Lois Lerner for her major role in the scandal.<ref>Multiple references:
*[https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2017/09/08/doj-declines-to-charge-lois-lerner-in-irs-scandal.html Trump DOJ: No plans to charge Lois Lerner in IRS scandal]. ''Fox News''. September 8, 2017. Retrieved October 28, 2017.
*Dinan, Stephen (September 8, 2017). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2017/sep/8/donald-trumps-doj-wont-pursue-charges-against-lois/ Justice Department won’t pursue charges against Lois Lerner, former IRS senior executive]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved October 28, 2017.
*Munro, Neil (September 8, 2017). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2017/09/08/jeff-sessions-doj-will-not-investigate-irs-suppression-tea-party-groups/ Jeff Sessions’ DoJ Will Not Investigate IRS Suppression of Tea Party Groups]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 28, 2017.
*Bowden, John (September 8, 2017). [https://thehill.com/homenews/house/349846-gop-lawmakers-furious-after-doj-declines-to-prosecute-lois-lerner GOP lawmakers furious after DOJ declines to prosecute ex-IRS official Lois Lerner]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved October 28, 2017.</ref>

=====Warrantless wiretaps=====
{{see also|Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act}}
The Cybersecurity Act of 2009 would give the administration authority to conduct warrant-less spying and dictatorial power over Internet.<ref>[https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2009/04/should-obama-control-internet Should Obama Control the Internet?], ''Mother Jones'', April 2, 2009.</ref>

*Section 215—drastically broadens the kinds of information the government can demand under Foreign Intelligence Security Act to "any tangible thing" while lowering the burden of proof to obtain such an order. According to the ''[[Washington Post]]'' this measure "allows investigators probing terrorism to seek a suspect's records from third parties such as financial services and travel and telephone companies without notifying the suspect. The American Civil Liberties Union has criticized the provision, saying it violates the First Amendment rights of U.S. citizens."

*Section 206—grants the authority to use secret "roving wiretaps." "In the past, authorities had to seek court approval for each electronic device carried by a suspect, from a cellphone and a BlackBerry to a home computer," writes the ''Post'', "But under the provision, one warrant can cover all of those machines." "Unlike roving wiretaps authorized for criminal investigations," the ACLU explains, "section 206 does not require the order to identify either the communications device to be tapped nor the individual against whom the surveillance is directed, which is what gives section 206 the Kafkaesque moniker, the "John Doe roving wiretap provision."

*Section 6001—or the "lone wolf" provision, which allows for secret FISA surveillance orders against people who have no connections to a terror group or foreign nation. "The government justified this provision by imagining a hypothetical "lone wolf," an international terrorist operating independently of any terrorist organization," explains the ACLU, "but there is little evidence to suggest this imaginary construct had any basis in reality."

Rod Beckstrom, formerly in charge of coordinating the US government's cyber-security operations, in a resignation letter to Secretary of Homeland Security [[Janet Napolitano]],<ref>[http://online.wsj.com/public/resources/documents/BeckstromResignation.pdf Letter from Rod Beckstrom to Janet Napolitano], [[Wall Street Journal]], March 9, 2009.</ref> cited the expanded control over the nation's computer security efforts poses “threats to our democratic processes.” <ref>''[https://www.upi.com/Top_News/Special/2009/03/11/US-cybersecurity-head-quits-citing-growing-role-of-spy-agencies/UPI-64411236692969/ U.S. cybersecurity head quits, citing growing role of spy agencies]'', Shaun Waterman, [[UPI]], March 11, 2009.</ref>

=====Persecution of dissidents=====
:{{See also|1/6 insurrection hoax}}
In September 2014 [[Dinesh D'Souza]] was arrested and sentenced to 5 years probation.[http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/nyc-crime/dinesh-souza-5-years-probation-campaign-donations-article-1.1949769]

Andrew McCarthy noted this about D'Souza's indictment:

:"Yet there were patent mitigating circumstances, starting with the fact that few people actually get prosecuted at all for this offense. Even in the case of gargantuan violations, such as the Obama 2008 campaign’s own millions of dollars in illicit contributions, the Justice Department allows cases to be settled with an administrative fine. Furthermore, in the few cases that are pursued criminally, there is unvaryingly a corruption angle — the donor is dodging the limits in the expectation of a ''quid pro quo''.

:"In D’Souza’s case, there was nothing of the kind: He was trying to be supportive of a friend who had no chance to win."<ref>Andrew C. McCarthy (December 19, 2015). "How Dinesh D'Souza became a victim of Obama's lawless administration", National Review website.</ref>

President Trump gave D'Souza a full pardon on May 31, 2018, citing D'Souza's mistreatment by the Obama Justice Department.<ref>Multiple references:
*Singman, Brooke (May 31, 2018). [https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/05/31/trump-to-give-full-pardon-to-dinesh-dsouza.html Trump pardons Dinesh D'Souza]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved May 31, 2018.
*Kugle, Andrew (May 31, 2018). [https://freebeacon.com/politics/trump-issues-full-pardon-conservative-activist-dinesh-dsouza/ Trump Issues Full Pardon for Conservative Activist Dinesh D’Souza]. ''The Washington Free Beacon''. Retrieved May 31, 2018.
*Caplan, Joshua (May 31, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/05/31/trump-pardon-conservative-filmmaker-dinesh-dsouza/ Donald Trump to Pardon Conservative Filmmaker Dinesh D’Souza]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 31, 2018.</ref>

=====Misuse of intelligence agencies=====
[[File:31D66D0A-82A4-40E7-A1C2-EBA55EEB357D.jpeg|thumb|350px|Prime movers in the [[Deep State coup]] against American democracy: Comey (first left) a man with a warped and perverted sense of [[justice]] and the role of [[law enforcement]] in a free society; Brennan (second left) an admitted Communist and mastermind of the coup against American democracy; and Clapper (third from left) who lied under oath to Congress about spying on the American people.]]
President Obama's agreement to approve the illegal actions taken against [[Donald Trump]] and the [[2016 Trump campaign|Trump campaign]] were primarily motivated by a wish to destroy his candidacy and, after Trump's election, delegitimize the Trump presidency in much the same way Obama felt Trump delegitimized Obama's presidency with Trump's involvement with the [[Birther movement]].

The [[FISA Act]] was passed in 1978 on recommendation of the Church Committee specifically to protect the civil rights of people such as Obama's mentor [[Frank Marshall Davis]] and Obama's neighbors who got Obama started in politics, [[Bill Ayers]] and [[Bernardine Dohrn]]. Both regaled Obama with tales of FBI surveillance and harassment in the pre-FISA age, which had thwarted the communist revolution in America. On becoming president, Obama was determined to seize control of the institutions and apparatus that had frustrated generations of communist revolutionaries and turn them against Obama's imaginary enemies.

Not since the election of [[Abraham Lincoln]], has an outgoing administration sought to undermine and sabotage an incoming president.

=====Justice Department corruption=====
{{see also|FBI scandal|FISA abuse}}
Throughout its entirety, the Obama administration attempted to [[criminal]]ize political opposition,<ref>[https://www.forbes.com/sites/thomasbasile/2014/01/31/obamas-weaponization-of-government/#41198a711b92 Obama's Weaponization of Government], Tom Basile, ''Forbes'', Jan 31, 2014.</ref><ref>[https://www.frontpagemag.com/fpm/273552/lefts-march-one-party-state-frontpagemagcom The Left's March to a One-Party State], April 24, 2019. Frontpagemag.com</ref> first by an illegal misuse of the [[IRS]] targeting conservative groups, and when they were caught began misusing the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act database in 2012 to spy on American citizens.<ref>[https://theconservativetreehouse.com/2020/03/08/doj-political-surveillance-from-the-irs-in-2011-to-the-fisa-court-in-2016/ *DOJ Political Surveillance – From the IRS in 2011 to the FISA Court in 2016], Posted on March 8, 2020 by sundance. theconservativetreehouse.com</ref><ref>[https://theconservativetreehouse.com/2019/04/23/the-obama-use-of-fisa-702-as-a-domestic-political-surveillance-program/ The Obama Use of FISA-702 as a Domestic Political Surveillance Program], Posted on April 23, 2019 by sundance. theconsevativetreehouse.com</ref><ref>[https://www.aclu.org/sites/default/files/field_document/2016_Cert_FISC_Memo_Opin_Order_Apr_2017.pdf United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court, Memorandum Opinion and Order], April 26, 2017, p. 82.</ref>

By 2015 and 2016, the Obama administration interfered in American elections. It scuttled the investigation into [[Hillary Clinton]]'s [[felon]]ious violations of the National Records Act and Espionage Act,<ref>[https://www.nationalreview.com/corner/fbi-rewrites-federal-law-let-hillary-hook/ FBI Rewrites Federal Law to Let Hillary Off the Hook], By Andrew C. McCarthy, ''[[National Review]]'', July 5, 2016.</ref> paving the way for her nomination as the [[Democratic Party]] presidential candidate, while conducting illegal spying on Republican presidential candidate [[Donald Trump]],<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/02/us/politics/fbi-government-investigator-trump.html F.B.I. Sent Investigator Posing as Assistant to Meet With Trump Aide in 2016], By Adam Goldman, Michael S. Schmidt and Mark Mazzetti, ''The New York Times'', May 2, 2019</ref><ref>[https://thefederalist.com/2019/05/02/new-york-times-admits-multiple-spies-deployed-against-trump-campaign/ New York Times Admits Obama Admin Deployed Multiple Spies Against Trump Campaign In 2016], Mollie Hemingway, ''The Federalist'', May 2, 2019.</ref> falsely accusing him of colluding with [[Russia]].<ref>[https://dailycaller.com/2019/05/01/barr-trump-russia-treason-agent/ Barr: Trump Was ‘Falsely Accused’ Of Being A Treasonous Russian Agent], Chuck Ross, ''Daily Caller, 05/01/2019.</ref> In doing so, the Obama administration colluded with foreign actors in an effort to [[subversion|subvert]] American [[democracy]].<ref>[https://spectator.org/confirmed-john-brennan-colluded-with-foreign-spies-to-defeat-trump/ Confirmed: John Brennan Colluded With Foreign Spies to Defeat Trump], George Neumayr, ''American Spectator'', April 19, 2017.</ref><ref>[https://consortiumnews.com/2019/05/07/how-us-and-foreign-intelligence-agencies-interfered-in-a-us-election/ How US and Foreign Intel Agencies Interfered in a US Election], By Larry C. Johnson, May 7, 2019. consortiumnews.com</ref>

Amendments to the [[Patriot Act]] in 2008 loosened regulations governing domestic spying;<ref>[https://projects.propublica.org/graphics/surveillance-timeline Mass Surveillance in America: A Timeline of Loosening Laws and Practices], by Cora Currier, Justin Elliott and Theodoric Meyer, ''ProPublica'', June 7, 2013.</ref> Obama took rules intended for targeting [[al Qaeda]] to protect [[national security]] and applied them against political opponents and administration critics.<ref>[https://newrepublic.com/article/145474/chance-control-domestic-spying-trump-era-opportunity-reform-nsa-surveillance-program A Chance to Control Domestic Spying], By Elizabeth Goitein, ''New Republic'', October 26, 2017.</ref> Under Barack Obama's leadership, an Inspector General appointed by Obama discovered, for the first time in history, that the top two personnel appointed by Obama to head the FBI had both violated the law.<ref>https://sharylattkisson.com/2019/09/indicting-a-sandwich/</ref>

=====Forced abortion=====
In March 2009 the [[Obama administration]] announced it would send $50 million to the United Nations Population Fund, or UNFPA. UNPFA actively promotes abortion and is working closely with Chinese population control officials to implement China's forced abortion policy. The Chinese Communist Party's coercive one-child rule has resulted in forced abortions, involuntary sterilizations and other [[human rights]] abuses.<ref>[https://www.lifenews.com/int981.html Group Confirms Obama Would Fund Forced Abortions if UNFPA Money Restored], by Steven Ertelt, LifeNews.com Editor, November 12, 2008.</ref>

UNFPA officials work side-by-side their Chinese colleagues and even share the same offices.<ref>[https://www.lifenews.com/int1138.html Obama Administration Announces $50 Million for Pro-Forced Abortion UNFPA], by Steven Ertelt, LifeNews.com Editor, March 26, 2009.</ref>

===Secular Leftism in the 21st century===
{{see also|Decline of the secular left}}

Historically, the largest advances of the [[secular left]] has been through utilizing the power of the state (see: [[State atheism]] and [[Atheism and communism]]). For example, secular leftists use the power of the state to promote [[evolution]]ary ideology and to censor [[creationism|creationist]]/[[intelligent design]] models of origins (See: [[Suppression of alternatives to evolution]] and [[Atheist indoctrination]]).

The historian Martin Van Crevel points out that sovereign states are losing power/influence due to technology democratizing access to information, welfare states increasingly failing, [[fourth-generation warfare]] being waged against countries and sovereign states increasingly losing their ability to maintain internal order.<ref>[The Fate of the State] by MARTIN VAN CREVELD</ref><ref>[https://www.sonshi.com/martin-van-creveld-interview.html Martin van Creveld interview]</ref>

===CCP global pandemic===
{{Main article|CCP global pandemic}}
The [[CCP]] malevolently allowed the [[Chinese plague]] to spread as a result of human-to-human transmission beginning in [[Wuhan, China]]. As it metastasized, the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) parroted the [[Chinese Communist Party]] line that the [[Wuhan virus]] could not be passed from one human to another, and that it was “racist” to refer to the virus by its place of origin.<ref>https://thefederalist.com/2020/03/26/5-major-paradigm-shifts-the-wuhan-flu-crisis-has-revealed-americans-need/</ref>

===Cuban Communism===
[[Cuba]] remains a Communist state controlled by the Castro brothers since 1960, and is under United States economic sanctions.

==Communism in the Cold War era==
===Communist goals of 1963===
Nearly all of these goals are still being used by communists to date when taking over a country or local areas.

#U.S. acceptance of coexistence as the only alternative to atomic war.
#U.S. willingness to capitulate in preference to engaging in atomic war.
#Develop the illusion that total disarmament of the United States would be a demonstration of moral strength.
#Permit free trade between all nations regardless of Communist affiliation and regardless of whether or not items could be used for war.
#Extension of long-term loans to Russia and Soviet satellites.
#Provide American aid to all nations regardless of Communist domination.
#Grant recognition of Red China. Admission of Red China to the U.N.
#Set up East and West Germany as separate states in spite of Khrushchev's promise in 1955 to settle the German question by free elections under supervision of the U.N.
#Prolong the conferences to ban atomic tests because the United States has agreed to suspend tests as long as negotiations are in progress.
#Allow all Soviet satellites individual representation in the U.N.
#Promote the U.N. as the only hope for mankind. If its charter is rewritten, demand that it be set up as a one-world government with its own independent armed forces. (Some Communist leaders believe the world can be taken over as easily by the U.N. as by Moscow. Sometimes these two centers compete with each other as they are now doing in the Congo.)
#Resist any attempt to outlaw the Communist Party.
#Do away with all loyalty oaths.
#Continue giving Russia access to the U.S. Patent Office.
#Capture one or both of the political parties in the United States.
#Use technical decisions of the courts to weaken basic American institutions by claiming their activities violate civil rights.
#Get control of the schools. Use them as transmission belts for socialism and current Communist propaganda. Soften the curriculum. Get control of teachers' associations. Put the party line in textbooks.
#Gain control of all student newspapers.
#Use student riots to foment public protests against programs or organizations which are under Communist attack.
#Infiltrate the press. Get control of book-review assignments, editorial writing, policy-making positions.
#Gain control of key positions in radio, TV, and motion pictures.
#Continue discrediting American culture by degrading all forms of artistic expression. An American Communist cell was told to "eliminate all good sculpture from parks and buildings, substitute shapeless, awkward and meaningless forms."
#Control art critics and directors of art museums. "Our plan is to promote ugliness, repulsive, meaningless art."
#Eliminate all laws governing obscenity by calling them "censorship" and a violation of free speech and free press.
#Break down cultural standards of morality by promoting pornography and obscenity in books, magazines, motion pictures, radio, and TV.
#Present homosexuality, degeneracy and promiscuity as "normal, natural, healthy."
#Infiltrate the churches and replace revealed religion with "social" religion. Discredit the Bible and emphasize the need for intellectual maturity which does not need a "religious crutch."
#Eliminate prayer or any phase of religious expression in the schools on the ground that it violates the principle of "separation of church and state."
#Discredit the American Constitution by calling it inadequate, old-fashioned, out of step with modern needs, a hindrance to cooperation between nations on a worldwide basis.
#Discredit the American Founding Fathers. Present them as selfish aristocrats who had no concern for the "common man."
#Belittle all forms of American culture and discourage the teaching of American history on the ground that it was only a minor part of the "big picture." Give more emphasis to Russian history since the Communists took over.
#Support any socialist movement to give centralized control over any part of the culture—education, social agencies, welfare programs, mental health clinics, etc.
#Eliminate all laws or procedures which interfere with the operation of the Communist apparatus.
#Eliminate the House Committee on Un-American Activities.
#Discredit and eventually dismantle the FBI.
#Infiltrate and gain control of more unions.
#Infiltrate and gain control of big business.
#Transfer some of the powers of arrest from the police to social agencies. Treat all behavioral problems as psychiatric disorders which no one but psychiatrists can understand or treat.
#Dominate the psychiatric profession and use mental health laws as a means of gaining coercive control over those who oppose Communist goals.
#Discredit the family as an institution. Encourage promiscuity and easy divorce.
#Emphasize the need to raise children away from the negative influence of parents. Attribute prejudices, mental blocks and retarding of children to suppressive influence of parents.
#Create the impression that violence and insurrection are legitimate aspects of the American tradition; that students and special-interest groups should rise up and use united force to solve economic, political or social problems.
#Overthrow all colonial governments before native populations are ready for self-government.
#Internationalize the Panama Canal.
#Repeal the Connally reservation so the United States cannot prevent the World Court from seizing jurisdiction over nations and individuals alike.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=MgqXNaL-2gwC&pg=PA31 Birthing The Phoenix Vol. III], A copy of the goals as entered into Congressional Record by Albert S. Herlong</ref>

===Collapse of Soviet communism===
[[File:Timecommiecover.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Time magazine]] from 1989]]
The shooting down by the Soviets on September 1, 1983, of [[Korean Airlines Flight 007]] may have been a contributing factor for the downfall of the Soviet Union as well as for the whole Soviet block. It being a catalyst for the collapse of the Soviet Union may be inferred from the fact that NATO had decided, under the impetus of the U.S. administration, to deploy Pershing II and cruise missiles in Europe, primarily West Germany. This deployment would have placed missiles just 6–10 minutes striking distance from Moscow. But support for the deployment was wavering and many doubted that the missile deployment would find enough support to effect it. When the Soviet Union shot down Flight 007 with 269 people aboard, including conservative Democratic Congressman [[Larry McDonald]] —an act which U.S. President Ronald Reagan characterized as a "massacre"—enough support was galvanized for the deployment. The deployment caused great resources of the Soviet Union to be diverted from inner economic use to military expenditures to counter the U.S. and NATO missile deployment.

Between 1989 and 1991, many Communist governments fell. The [[Berlin Wall]] in [[Germany]], which had become a symbol for the division between the Communist states and the rest of Europe, was torn down largely in response to Ronald Reagan in 1989, and there was also a large revolution against Romanian dictator [[Nicolaie Ceausescu]] which led to Ceausescu's arrest on December 22 that year and his subsequent execution on December 25 following a quick trial. In 1991, the USSR broke up into several countries - each of which reformed to capitalism. Some of these remained under autocratic governments, but some have embraced democracy. With the collapse the remnants of Communist parties have dropped their old names and ideologies, but still operate on the left of the political spectrum.

In 1992 President Boris Yeltsin announced that the Russian people had been liberated and that Communism in the former Soviet Union was dead. [http://www.c-spanvideo.org/program/BorisY] Pres. [[George H. W. Bush]] imagined the global threat had passed by telling Congress, "Communism died this year."<ref>[https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=20544 Address Before a Joint Session of the Congress on the State of the Union] - January 28, 1992</ref> Liberal historians called the death of the Soviet Union, "the end of history," when in fact the Communist disease only went into remission. The seat of the global Marxist revolution relocated from Moscow to [[Berkeley]], [[California]], under the [[vanguard party]] name, [[Committees of Correspondence for Democracy and Socialism]].

In contrast to Yeltsins statement his successor [[Russia]]n president [[Vladimir Putin]] declared that "[he] liked Communist and socialist ideas very much and [he] like[s] them still." and compared the Soviet code of conduct to the [[Bible]].<ref>http://www.newsweek.com/russias-putin-says-he-always-liked-communist-socialist-ideas-419289</ref> Putin also has compared communism with Christianity.<ref>Newman, Alex (January 16, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/asia/item/28051-communism-very-similar-to-christianity-putin-claims Communism “Very Similar” to Christianity, Putin Claims]. ''The New American''. Retrieved January 17, 2018.</ref>

Communism has remained in the world despite the fall of the Soviet bloc in the late 1980s.<ref>Akan, Emel (November 6, 2019). [https://www.theepochtimes.com/communism-is-still-with-us-30-years-after-fall-of-the-berlin-wall_3139454.html Communism Is Still With Us 30 Years After Fall of the Berlin Wall]. ''The Epoch Times''. Retrieved November 7, 2019.</ref>

==Historical Communism: Theory and Practice==
Communism is based upon [[Marxism]], a philosophy which uses [[materialism]] to explain all physical and social phenomena. The theory of [[evolution]] influenced the thinking of the Communists, including Marx, [[Friedrich Engels|Engels]], [[Vladimir Lenin]], and [[Joseph Stalin]].<ref name="icr.org">https://www.icr.org/index.php?module=articles&action=view&ID=276</ref> Marx wrote, "[[Charles Darwin|Darwin]]'s book is very important and serves me as a basis in natural science for the [[class struggle]] in history." Marx offered to dedicate the second German edition of his polemic ''[[Das Kapital]]'' to [[Charles Darwin]], but Darwin declined the "honour." <ref name="icr.org"/><ref>Karl Marx's Social and Political Thought, Bob Jessop, ISBN 0415193265 (pg 476)</ref>
[[Image:Captive-nations-01b----07-19-06.jpg|thumbnail|180px|right|[[Victims of Communism Memorial|A monument to the Captive Nations stands at the Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation in Washington, D.C.]]]]
Economically, Communism advocates a [[socialist]] economy in which the [[government]] owns the means of production. In countries where Communism has been imposed, the government has taken ownership of farms, factories, stores and so on in the name of the people; see "[[dictatorship of the proletariat]]". This drives all [[free market|market-based]] economic activity underground and leads to inefficiencies and shortages. In both the Soviet Union and Red [[China]], the number of people who starved to death when the government confiscated their farm products (animals and grain) is estimated in the tens of millions.

Even more important, one party controls every organization from the local labor union to the army to the national government. The party is not elected. Its top officials (the "Politburo") select replacements when there is a vacancy. Usually a dictator (like Stalin, Mao or Castro) controls the Politburo, but sometimes power is shared among five or six people. No dissent is allowed—all [[news]] media are controlled, and the Internet is heavily censored.

Elites do not disappear. Members of the ruling party (see [[Nomenklatura]]) have special stores in which ordinary people are barred, stores which are immune to the shortages which the lower class must endure.

Various Communist doctrines have evolved or been adapted to the time and place they have been implemented. [[Marxism]], developed by [[Karl Marx]], and its modifications under [[Vladimir Ilyich Lenin|Vladimir Lenin]], [[Joseph Stalin]], and [[Mao Zedong]], advocates the overthrow of the existing order by a [[revolution]] of the proletariat, the social group which does not control the means of production. The goal of Marxism is supposedly to create a classless society which would result in no longer the need for any [[government]] (Communism).

The most famous government to label itself "Communist" is the former [[USSR]] or the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics; the Communist Party controlled its government from 1918 to 1991. This government was officially atheist and attempted to suppress all [[religion]] until [[World War II]], when it discovered religion was needed to rally the people against the [[Nazi]] invaders. Like all authoritarian regimes, it tried to cultivate reverence for the state as a psychological substitute for religion.

Marxist theory is intended to appeal to its adherents with the phrase, "from each according to his abilities, to each according to his needs", which essentially states point blank a worker does not get paid according to his abilities, and there is no [[incentive]] within the economic theory. Another quote by Marx was, "The theory of the Communism may be summed up in the single sentence: Abolition of [[private property]]," or as some have phrased it, legalized theft.

Lying, [[deceit]] and [[hypocrisy]] play major roles in Communism and advancing its goals.<ref>[https://fosterspeak.blogspot.ca/2011/10/lying-essence-of-communism.html Lying, the Essence of Communism]</ref> According to then-[[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] director [[J. Edgar Hoover]]:
{{cquote|The basic premise of Communism is deceit and hypocrisy. The Communist philosophy teaches that every available means must be utilized to achieve the final end—world revolution. For this reason the Communist will lie, cheat and resort to any tactics which will gain his end. He will advocate today exactly what he denounced yesterday. And with a straight face! Has he lied? No, he will say, he's only carrying out party policy. The concept of morality and fair play, as practiced in our democracy, is alien and repugnant to him. Moreover, the Communists employ a purposive double-talk, roundabout style, known as "Aesopian language," in their literature and speeches, designed to deceive and evade to clothe their true thoughts. This technique, utilized by Lenin, is the very epitome of deceit.<ref>[https://www.usnews.com/news/national/articles/2008/05/16/how-communists-operate-an-interview-with-j-edgar How Communists Operate: An Interview with J. Edgar Hoover] at US News & World Report</ref>}}
Pope Pius IX spoke of how Communism operates, including its use of lies and deceit and its attacks on religion, in his condemnation of the ideology in his 1846 encyclical ''Qui Pluribus'':
{{cquote|A very bitter and fearsome war against the whole Catholic commonwealth (is) being stirred up by men bound together in a lawless alliance. … They are experienced and skillful in deceit, which they use to set in motion their plans to quench peoples’ zeal for piety, justice and virtue, to corrupt morals, to cast all divine and human laws into confusion, and to weaken and even possibly overthrow the Catholic religion and civil society. They teach that the most holy mysteries of our religion are fictions of human invention, and that the teaching of the Catholic Church is opposed to the good and the prerogatives of human society. They are not even afraid to deny Christ Himself and God.<ref>[https://catholicinsight.com/communism-and-the-popes/ Communism and the Popes] at Catholic Insight</ref>}}
Apologists claim Communism is a system created by people with good intentions who failed to recognize that their idealistic system was inconsistent with human nature. As a result, they caused more harm than good.<ref>[https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=3&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjVjOWX_6LYAhVQYt8KHbjaCrQQFggwMAI&url=https%3A%2F%2Fgenius.com%2FRay-dalio-principles-annotated&usg=AOvVaw2eSCwhXQ9WZ5Wt_rmrFmuY Principles] by [[Ray Dalio]]</ref> In reality, successful communist revolutionaries and leaders have historically been common criminals and murderers.

===Communism and militant atheism===
{{see also|Atheism and communism}}
According to the [[University of Cambridge]], historically, the "most notable spread of [[atheism]] was achieved through the success of the 1917 Russian Revolution, which brought the [[Marxism-Leninism|Marxist-Leninists]] to power."<ref name="Marxism-Leninism">{{cite web|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728215151/http://www.investigatingatheism.info/marxism.html|title=Investigating atheism: Marxism|publisher = [[University of Cambridge]]|quote=The most notable spread of atheism was achieved through the success of the 1917 Russian Revolution, which brought the Marxist-Leninists to power. For the first time in history, atheism thus became the official ideology of a state.|year=2008|accessdate=July 17, 2014}}</ref>

Karl Marx believed atheism to be a key part of Communism. He is often very famously quoted as saying, "Religion ... is the opium of the masses."<ref>Marx, K. [http://www.quotationspage.com/quote/31765.html Introduction to A Contribution to the Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right] (Classic Quotations) (Standard translation from the original German).</ref> His full quote was: "Religious suffering is, at one and the same time, the expression of real suffering and a protest against real suffering. Religion is the sigh of the oppressed creature, the heart of a heartless world, and the soul of soulless conditions. It is the opium of the people."<ref>http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1843/critique-hpr/intro.htm#05</ref> He believed it was part of the "superstructure," a false culture built to maintain the status quo. Thus he denigrated Christianity as a "fictional" religion. Instead, Marx was an avowed atheist, as he wrote, "Communism begins from the outset with [[atheism]]; but atheism is at first far from being communism; indeed, that atheism is still mostly an abstraction."<ref>Marx, Karl, [http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1844/manuscripts/comm.htm Private Property and Communism], 1944.</ref>

[[Vladimir Lenin]] similarly wrote: "A Marxist must be a materialist, i. e., an enemy of religion, but a dialectical materialist, i. e., one who treats the struggle against religion not in an abstract way, not on the basis of remote, purely theoretical, never varying preaching, but in a concrete way, on the basis of the class struggle which is going on ''in practice'' and is educating the masses more and better than anything else could."<ref>Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich, ''Proletary'', No. 45, May 13 (26), 1909, translated by Andrew Rothstein and Bernard Issacs, quote from [http://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1909/may/13.htm].</ref>

In 1955, Chinese communist leader Chou En-lai declared, "We Communists are atheists".<ref>Noebel, David, The Battle for Truth, Harvest House, 2001.</ref> In 2015, the [[Communist Party of China]] reaffirmed that members of their party must be atheists.<ref>[http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/02/02/china-communist-party-atheism-zhejiang-ban-religious-members-christianity_n_6599722.html China's Communist Party Bans Believers, Doubles Down On Atheism]</ref>

The atheism in Communist regimes has been and continues to be [[militant atheism]] and various acts of repression including the razing of thousands of religious buildings and the killing, imprisoning, and oppression of religious leaders and believers.<ref>http://www.academia.org/campus_reports/2000/March_2000_4.html</ref><ref>http://www.orthodoxinfo.com/ecumenism/frroman1.aspx</ref><ref name="nysun.com">https://www.nysun.com/article/23082?page_no=1</ref><ref name="newsmax.com">http://www.newsmax.com/archives/articles/2003/5/7/120250.shtml</ref><ref name="findarticles.com">http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1058/is_26_116/ai_56249447</ref><ref name="worldnetdaily.com">http://www.worldnetdaily.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=35818</ref><ref name="theworldnow.wordpress.com">http://theworldnow.wordpress.com/tag/around-the-world/asia/china/</ref>

Marxists justification for its persecution of the Russian Orthodox Church was based upon the claim that the Church was a "willing tool of Tsarism."<ref>http://www.marxist.com/religion-soviet-union170406-6.htm</ref>

The clergy openly stated its support for the counter-revolution (White Revolution). Lenin proclaimed that a Communist regime must show itself to be merciless toward the question of religion. There was no place for the church in Lenin's regime. This led to anti-religious decrees and propaganda. All church property was expropriated by the new Soviet government.<ref>http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-42047/Union-of-Soviet-Socialist-Republics#277888.hook</ref>

During the late 1930s and later 1940s the restrictions on church activity were loosened as Stalin needed all the support he could get for the war. This doctrine of co-operation between the church and state continued throughout the existence of the Soviet republics and the other Warszawa pact nations. Though never going as far as a leader of the Soviet Union asking [http://commentisfree.guardian.co.uk/simon_barrow/2007/03/hiding_behind_god.html god to bless the country] the clause in the Soviet Unions constitution addressing the separation of church and state was rendered useless.

Dr. [[Martin Luther King]] said, "for the Communist there is no divine government, no absolute moral order, there are no fixed, immutable principles; consequently almost anything - force, violence, murder, lying - is a justifiable means." <ref>''Stride Toward Freedom : The Montgomery Story'', Martin Luther King, Jr., Harper and Rowe, New York, 1958, p. 92.</ref>

====Atheistic Communism and torture of the religious====
[[Image:HammerAndSickle.png|right|175px]]
{{see also|Atheistic communism and torture}}
The website Victimsofcommunism.org declares concerning atheistic Communism and the use of torture:
{{cquote|Significantly, communists did not merely try to block or halt religious faith but to reverse it. This was particularly true for [[Romania]], even before the Nicolai Ceausescu era. This meant not just forbidding religious practice and jailing ministers and believers but employing torture to force them to renounce their faith. It was not enough to contain, silence, even punish believers in prison; it was decided they must be tortured in truly unimaginably degrading ways to attempt to undo religious faith.<ref>[http://victimsofcommunism.org/the-war-on-religion/ The War on religion]</ref>}}

For additional information please see: [[Atheistic communism and torture]]

====Social gospel====
Some Communist ideology has made its way into the Church as a [[Social Gospel]], interpreting the Gospel as less redemptive of sin and more of a public works campaign and activism. They often cite Jesus feeding the masses and warnings to the wealthy who believed self-seeking is all this world has to offer. Communists often cite the Acts of the Apostles, as early Christians practicing some form of sharing for the common good:
{{Cquote|And all that believed were together, and had all things common; And sold their possessions and goods, and parted them to all men, as every man had need. (Acts 2:44-45, KJV)

Neither was there any among them that lacked: for as many as were possessors of lands or houses sold them, and brought the prices of the things that were sold,

And laid them down at the apostles' feet: and distribution was made unto every man according as he had need.

And Joses, who by the apostles was surnamed Barnabas, (which is, being interpreted, The son of consolation,) a Levite, and of the country of Cyprus,

Having land, sold it, and brought the money, and laid it at the apostles' feet.(Acts 4:34-7, KJV)}}

But as Arnold Toynbee has pointed out, this Marxist view denies the most crucial points,
{{Cquote|The passage in the Acts represents the philanthropy of the primitive Christian Society as flowing from a God-given grace which was the fruit of a belief in the divinity of Jesus. In other words, the charity which is here depicted as moving the primitive Christians to go—in their mutual concern for one another's welfare—to the extreme length of sharing all their worldly goods is not a mere love of Man for Man (which is the limited literal meaning of the word ‘philanthropy’), but is a spiritual relation to which God is a party as well as His human creatures. In fact, this Christian Socialism is a practical application, on the economic surface of life, of the fundamental religious truth that the brotherhood of man is a consequence of the fatherhood of God - a truth which is driven home with special force by a religion which teaches that God is not only the Father and Creator of man, but also his Savior, Who has been incarnate in human shape and has suffered, and triumphed over, death.<ref>Arnold Toynbee, ''A Study of History'', Annex II to Vol. V, Part C (i) (c) 2, p. 585, ''Marxism, Socialism, and Christianity''.</ref>}}

====Sloth in atheistic Communist countries vs. Protestant work ethic====
[[File:Flag of the PRC.png|thumbnail|right|250px|In [[China]], the growth in religion has accompanied China's fast economic growth over the last twenty years.<ref name="blog.tifwe.org">[http://blog.tifwe.org/the-protestant-work-ethic-alive-well-in-china/ The Protestant Work Ethic: Alive & Well…In China] By Hugh Whelchel on September 24, 2012</ref>]]
''See also:'' [[Atheism and sloth]] and [[Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism]]
Atheism is a part of Marxist-Leninist and [[Mao Zedong|Maoist]]/Chinese Communist ideology (See: [[Atheism and communism]]).

Widespread sloth in the former [[Soviet Union]] helped cause much poverty.<ref>[https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2255693/Last-pictures-life-iron-curtain-collapse-USSR.html Poverty, prostitutes and the long, slow death of the Soviet Union: Haunting pictures show desperate struggle to survive in last days of USSR, ''The Daily Mail'']</ref><ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1989/01/29/world/soviet-openness-brings-poverty-out-of-the-shadows.html?_r=0 Soviet Openness Brings Poverty Out of the Shadows], ''New York Times''</ref> A study performed in the former Soviet Union found that over 50% of the work force admitted to drinking alcohol while on the job (See also: [[Atheism and alcoholism]]).<ref>[http://cs.stanford.edu/people/eroberts/cs201/projects/communism-computing-china/workethic.html Communism and computer ethics]</ref> In the former [[Soviet Union]], a popular joke was that the workers pretended to work and the Soviet Union pretended to pay them.<ref>[http://ipezone.blogspot.com/2015/08/you-pretend-to-work-putin-pretends-to.html You Pretend to work and Putin pretends to pay you]</ref>

On the other hand, [[Harvard University]] historian Niall Ferguson declared: "Through a mixture of hard work and thrift the [[Protestantism|Protestant]] societies of the North and West Atlantic achieved the most rapid economic growth in history."<ref name="blog.tifwe.org"/>

In China, the growth in religion has accompanied China's fast economic growth over the last twenty years.<ref name="blog.tifwe.org"/> Christianity is seeing rapid growth in China and the historian Niall Ferguson attributes this recent economic growth to the Protestant work ethic being more incorporated into Chinese society.<ref name="blog.tifwe.org"/> See also: [[Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism|Protestant work ethic]] and [[Growth of Christianity in China]]

===Similarities between Communism, Nazism and liberalism===
{{see also|Similarities between Communism, Nazism and liberalism}}
[[Adolf Hitler]] noted that Communists made excellent converts to [[National Socialism]] (a.k.a. [[Nazi]]sm), because the same personality type was attracted to both. "[T]here is more that binds us to [[Bolshevik|Bolshevism]] than separates us from it. There is, above all, genuine, revolutionary feeling, which is alive everywhere in Russia except where there are Jewish Marxists. I have always made allowance for this circumstance, and given orders that former Communists are to be admitted to the party at once. The petit bourgeois [[Social democracy|Social-Democrat]] and the trade-union boss will never make a [[National Socialist]], but the Communists always will."<ref>quoted in Hermann Rauschning, ''Hitler Speaks''</ref> [[Josef Stalin]] also recognized that ex-Nazis and ex-[[fascist]]s were natural recruits for post-war Communist regimes. As Stanley Payne notes in his ''A History of Fascism: 1914-1945'', "All over Soviet-occupied eastern Europe (should be: Central and Eastern Europe), most rank-and-file former fascist party members, together with many lower-level leaders, were welcomed to fill the ranks of the initially exiguous local Communist parties. The psychological transition seems to have been an easy one, for obvious reasons."<ref>http://www.lietuvos.org/istorija/communism/</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!
!Communist Manifesto
![[Nazi]] Party Platform
!Analysis
|-
|1
|"Abolition of property in land and application of all rents of land to public purposes."
|"We demand an agrarian reform in accordance with our national requirements, and the enactment of a law to expropriate the owners without compensation of any land needed for the common purpose. The abolition of ground rents, and the prohibition of all speculation in land."
|The stripping away of land from private owners. [[Liberalism]] today demands "eminent domain" on property.
|-
|2
|"A heavy progressive or graduated income tax."
|"We demand the nationalization of all trusts...profit-sharing in large industries...a generous increase in old-age pensions...by providing maternity welfare centers, by prohibiting juvenile labor...and the creation of a national (folk) army."
|The points raised in the [[Nazi]] platform demand an increase in taxes to support them. Liberalism today demands heavy progressive and graduated income taxes.
|-
|3
|"Abolition of all rights of inheritance."
|"That all unearned income, and all income that does not arise from work, be abolished."
|Liberalism today demands a "death tax" on anyone inheriting an estate.
|-
|4
|"Confiscation of the property of all emigrants and rebels."
|"We demand that all non-Germans who have entered Germany since August 2, 1914, shall be compelled to leave the Reich immediately."
|The Nuremberg Laws of 1934 allowed Germany to take Jewish property.
|-
|5
|"Centralisation of credit in the hands of the state, by means of a national bank with State capital and an exclusive monopoly."
|"We demand the nationalization of all trusts."
|Central control of the financial system.
|-
|6
|"Centralisation of the means of communication and transport in the hands of the State."
|"We demand that there be a legal campaign against those who propagate deliberate political lies and disseminate them through the press...editors and their assistants on newspapers published in the German language shall be German citizens...Non-German newspapers shall only be published with the express permission of the State...the punishment for transgressing this law be the immediate suppression of the newspaper..."
|Central control of the press. Liberals today demand control or suppression of talk radio and Fox News.
|-
|7
|"Free education for all children in public schools. Abolition of children’s factory labour in its present form. Combination of education with industrial production, &c, &c."
|"In order to make it possible for every capable and industrious German to obtain higher education, and thus the opportunity to reach into positions of leadership, the State must assume the responsibility of organizing thoroughly the entire cultural system of the people. The curricula of all educational establishments shall be adapted to practical life. The conception of the State Idea (science of citizenship) must be taught in the schools from the very beginning. We demand that specially talented children of poor parents, whatever their station or occupation, be educated at the expense of the State. "
|Central control of education, with an emphasis on doing things their way. Liberals today are doing things ''their way'' in our schools.
|-
|}

===Atrocities and Repression===
[[File:Stalin-kill.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Exhumed skeletons of [[class war]] victims murdered by Communists.<ref>[http://www.mega.nu/ampp/rummel/rm1.stalin.kill.htm.]</ref> Apologists frequently claim Communism has "never really been tried".]]
Communist regimes have engaged in mass killings on a scale of millions of individuals.<ref>http://www.gmu.edu/departments/economics/bcaplan/museum/comfaq.htm#part3</ref> A work entitled ''[[The Black Book of Communism]]'' published by the [[Harvard]] Press focuses on the crimes, terror, and repression of modern Communist regimes over a 70-year period.<ref>http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/COUBLA.html</ref> This book is fairly controversial partly due to the various estimates regarding the millions of people who died under communist regimes.<ref>Multiple references:
*Anticommunist (April 14, 2004). [https://web.archive.org/web/20130607125427/http://www.indymedia.org.uk/en/2004/04/289239.html "The Human Cost of Communism - 100 million"]. UK Indymedia. Retrieved from June 7, 2013 archive at Internet Achive.
*[http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~hpcws/lelivrenoir.htm "''The Black Book of Communism''"]. Harvard University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences website: Cold War Studies.
*White, Matthew (February 2011). [http://necrometrics.com/20c5m.htm "Source list and detailed death tolls for the primary megadeaths of the twentieth century"]. Necrometrics.
*Higgins, David (June 22, 2007). [https://web.archive.org/web/20071008035420/http://www.sarasotamagazine.com/blog/template_permalink.asp?id=365 "Memory and ideology: Washington's newest statue is the Victims Of Communism Memorial"]. Sarasota Magazine website. Retrieved from October 8, 2007 archive at Internet Archive
*Radosh, Ronald (February 2000). [http://www.firstthings.com/article.php3?id_article=2526 "''The Black Book of Communism: Crimes, Terror, Repression''"]. First Things [journal] website.</ref>

Similarly, an influential book which concerns itself with Russian Communist torture, repression and atrocities is [[Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn]]'s ''[[The Gulag Archipelago]]'' which won Solzhenitsyn a [[Nobel Prize]].<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/books/98/03/01/home/solz-gulag.html</ref> In 1983, Alexander Solzhenitsyn in which he gave his explanation of the cause of why millions of people died under Russian Communism:
{{Cquote|Over a half century ago, while I was still a child, I recall hearing a number of old people offer the following explanation for the great disasters that had befallen Russia: "Men have forgotten God; that's why all this has happened. Since then I have spent well-nigh 50 years working on the history of our revolution; in the process I have read hundreds of books, collected hundreds of personal testimonies, and have already contributed eight volumes of my own toward the effort of clearing away the rubble left by that upheaval. But if I were asked today to formulate as concisely as possible the main cause of the ruinous revolution that swallowed up some 60 million of our people, I could not put it more accurately than to repeat: "Men have forgotten God; that's why all this has happened.}}
In Communist [[North Korea]], abuse and killing in prison camps is occurring today.<ref>http://www.frontpagemag.com/Articles/ReadArticle.asp?ID=5596</ref><ref>http://www.kimsoft.com/korea/nkdefec3.htm</ref> In addition, the North Korean government practices brutal repression and atrocities against North Korean Christians.<ref name="nysun.com"/><ref name="newsmax.com"/>

In 1999, the publication [[Christian Century]] reported that "China has persecuted religious believers by means of "harassment, prolonged detention, and incarceration in prison or `reform-through-labor' camps and police closure of places of worship."<ref name="findarticles.com"/> In 2003, owners of Bibles in China were sent to prison camps and 125 Chinese churches were forced to close.<ref name="worldnetdaily.com"/> China continues to practice religious oppression today.<ref name="theworldnow.wordpress.com"/>

==Fostering Revolution==
Communists require a revolution to complete their ideological objectives, and if a revolution is not currently happening they will foster and agitate situations in which a revolution can be created and leveraged. [[Ezra Taft Benson]] noted that going back as far as 1928, agents of Marxism believed they could use race to foster a race war in America. He wrote:<ref>An Enemy Hath Done this, by [[Ezra Taft Benson]], 1969, page 192</ref>

<blockquote>As far back as 1928, the communists declared that the cultural, economic, and social differences between the races in America could be exploited by them to create the animosity, fear, and hatred between large segments of our people that would be necessary beginning ingredients for their revolution.

Briefly, the three broad objectives were - and are - as follows:

#Create Hatred
#Trigger Violence
#Overthrow Established Government

1. Create Hatred. Use any means to agitate blacks into hating whites and whites into hating blacks. Work both sides of the split. Play up and exaggerate real grievances. If necessary, don't hesitate to manufacture false stories and rumors about injustices and brutality. Create martyrs for both sides. Play upon mass emotions until they smolder with resentment and hatred.

2. Trigger Violence. Put the emotional masses into the streets in the form of large mobs, the larger the better. It makes no difference if the mob is told to demonstrate "peacefully" so long as it is brought into direct confrontation with the antagonist. Merely bringing the two emotionally charged groups together is like mixing oxygen and hydrogen. All that is needed is one tiny spark. If the spark is not forthcoming from purely spontaneous causes, create it.

3. Overthrow Established Government. Once mob violence becomes widespread and commonplace, condition those who are emotionally involved to accept violence as the only way to "settle the score" once and for all. Provide leadership and training for guerrilla warfare. Institute discipline and terrorism to insure at least passive support from the larger inactive segment of the population. Train and battle-harden leadership through sporadic riots and battles with police. Finally, at the appointed time, launch an all-out simultaneous offensive in every city.</blockquote>

==Notable communists==
The following are well known communists, all of whom are notorious:
<div style="column-count:2;-moz-column-count:2;-webkit-column-count:2">
*[[Xi Jinping]]
*[[Kim Jong Un]]
*[[Fidel Castro]]
*[[Che Guevara]]
*[[Salvador Allende]]
*[[Raul Castro]]
*[[Hugo Chavez]]
*[[Bernie Sanders]]
*[[Jim Jones]]
*[[Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez]]
*[[Occupy Democrats]]
*[[William Ayers]]
*[[Bernardine Dohrn]]
*[[Carl Davidson]]
*[[Frank Marshall Davis]]
*[[Barack Obama]]
*[[Van Jones]]
*[[Mao Zedong]]
*[[Hu Jintao]]
*[[Ho Chi Minh]]
*[[Pol Pot]]
*[[Kim Jong Il]]
*[[Kim Il Sung]]
*[[Choummaly Sayasone]]
*[[Karl Marx]]
*[[Friedrich Engels]]
*[[Vladimir Lenin]]
*[[Joseph Stalin]]
*[[Leon Trotsky]]
*[[Genrikh Yagoda]]
*[[Lazar Kaganovich]]
*[[Yakov Sverdlov]]
*[[Yakov Yurovsky]]
*[[Paul Robeson]]
*[[Noam Chomsky]]
*[[George Soros]]
*[[Henry Wallace]]
*[[Joe Biden]]
*[[Kamala Harris]]
*[[Mark Milley]]
</div>

==Further reading==
* Pipes, Richard. ''Communism: A History'' (2003), by a leading conservative historian
** Pipes, Richard. ''History of Communism: A Brief History'' (2002)
* Priestland, David. ''The Red Flag: A History of Communism'' (2009)
*[http://www.archive.org/stream/100thingsyoushou1949unit#page/n3/mode/2up 100 Things You Should Know About Communism'']

==See also==
<div style="column-count:2;-moz-column-count:2;-webkit-column-count:2">
* [[Bernie Sanders]] and [[Democratic socialism]]
*[[Congressional Progressive Caucus]]
*[[Far Left]]
* [[List of Communist States]]
* [[List of Socialist States]]
* [[Communist Party of the United States of America]]
* [[Cold War]]
* [[List of atheist and agnostic pseudosciences]]
* [[Capitalism]]
* [[Iron Curtain]]
* [[Progressives for Obama]]
* [[Socialism]]
* [[Social Effects of the Theory of Evolution]]
* [[Korean Airlines Flight 007]] for the connection of the shootdown by the Soviets of KAL 007, with 269 people aboard, on Sept. 1, 1983 with the heightened U.S./Soviet confrontations of 1983–4.
* [[The Soviet/ U.S naval confrontation]] over KAL 007
* [[KAL 007 and the Soviet Top Secret Memos]]
* [[Communist Racism]]
* [[National Bolshevik Party]]
* [[The Soviet Story]]
* [[Communism and feminism]]
* [[American Anti-Communist Alliance]]
* [[Big government]] [[Welfare state]] leads to [[Nanny state]], leads to [[Police state]]
* [[Liberal totalitarianism]]
* [[Big government]] [[liberal]] [[Welfare state]] leads to [[socialist]] [[Nanny state]], leads to [[communist]] [[Police state]] - Don't think Communism is incompatible with [[Islam]].
* [[Gun control]] - [[Ammunition control]] - [[Gun free zone]]s - key elements to create a police state
* [[Anti-Americanism]]
* [[Nazi Party|National Socialist German Workers' Party]] (Nazi Party)
* [[National Socialism]] - the Nazis were elitist [[Police state]] [[liberals]] not [[conservative]]s
* [[Communism and cannibalism]]
* [[Mass killings under Communist regimes]]
</div>

==Notes and references==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
*[https://www.gotquestions.org/communism-Bible.html Does the Bible support Communism?], at [[GotQuestions]]
*[http://www.aim.org/wls/category/communism/ What Liberals Say - Category: Communism], [[Accuracy In Media]]
*[https://archive.org/details/IsThisTomorrowAmericaUnderCommunismCatecheticalGuild Is This Tomorrow - America Under Communism], Catechetical Guild
*[https://www.theepochtimes.com/c-how-the-specter-of-communism-is-ruling-our-world How the Specter of Communism Is Ruling Our World]. ''The Epoch Times''.
**[https://www.theepochtimes.com/the-dark-origins-of-communism-part-1-of-3_2249661.html The Dark Origins of Communism, Parts 1], [https://www.theepochtimes.com/the-dark-origins-of-communism-part-2-of-3_2251602.html 2], and [https://www.theepochtimes.com/the-dark-origins-of-communism-part-3-of-3_2251601.html 3], The Epoch Times.

{{Communism}}
{{Coronavirus}}
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Korean Airlines Flight 007

2022-03-06T18:16:09Z

FresnoCA: /* See also */ Edited link

[[Image:KAL007 in Ancorage.JPG|right|thumb|300px|The aircraft that flew Korean Airlines Flight 007 - HL7442 - on the ground in [[Hong Kong]], possibly just days before its final flight as KAL 007 on September 1, 1983.]]
'''Korean Airlines Flight 007''' (KAL007) was a scheduled passenger flight from [[New York City]] to [[Seoul]], [[South Korea]] between August 31 and September 1, 1983, when it was attacked and shot down by fighter aircraft of the [[Soviet Union]] after straying into Soviet airspace near the Kamchatka Peninsula and Sakhalin Island. The reported deaths of 269 passengers, including one sitting Congressman - [[Conservative]] [[Larry McDonald]] (D-GA), and crew combined with massive Soviet [[deceit|deception]] as to the location of the crash site provoked international outrage, and may have been a catalyst leading to the collapse of the Soviet Union itself as a [[Politics|political]] entity.

It being a catalyst for the collapse of the Soviet Union may be inferred from the fact that [[North Atlantic Treaty Organization|NATO]] had decided, under the impetus of the U.S. administration, to deploy [[Pershing II]] and cruise [[missile]]s in [[Europe]], primarily [[West Germany]]. This deployment would have placed missiles just 6–10 minutes striking distance from [[Moscow]]. But support for the deployment was wavering and many doubted that the missile deployment would find enough support to effect it.
When the Soviet Union shot down Flight 007 with 269 people aboard—an act which U.S. President [[Ronald Reagan]] characterized as a "massacre"—enough support was galvanized for the deployment. Many believe this U.S. confrontational demonstration of strength to be a factor in the demise of the Soviet Union.
[[Image:KAL007.JPG|thumb|300px]]
==The Flight==
KAL 007, a commercial [[Boeing]] 747-230B (registration number HL7442) departed John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York on August 31, 1983, stopped at Anchorage, Alaska for refueling at 3:00 AM local time, then departed on the final leg to Seoul-Kimpo International Airport in South Korea. On board, there were 269 occupants comprised of 3 flight crew, 20 cabin attendants, 6 dead-headers (repositioning KAL employees), and 240 passengers (including air marshals). Nationalities (in descending order) were 76 Koreans, 61 Americans, 28 Taiwanese, 23 Japanese, 16 Filipinos, and a lesser number for remaining nationalities. There were 22 children on board under the age of 12 years.<ref>For passenger (and crew) seating, photos, and stories for some, written by family and loved ones see [http://www.rescue007.org/passengers.htm Rescue 007: Passengers].</ref>

[[Image:Chun byung in.jpg|Capt. Chun byung-in, Pilot of KAL 007|left|thumb|Capt. Chun Byung-in]]

[[Image:KA Flight 007.PNG|right|thumb|200px|Planned (''dashed line'') and actual (''solid line'') route of Korean Airlines Flight 007, September 1, 1983]]
KAL 007's flight plan was to take it southwest from Anchorage to [[Japan]], staying over sea with the Kamchatka Peninsula and Kuril Islands far to the west, then cross Japan's mainland to South Korea. The aircraft's principal mode of navigation was to be the INS, or [[Inertial Navigation System]]. Based on [[radar]] information it was determined that KAL 007 had in fact strayed off course too far west, placing it directly over Soviet territory more than once. It was about 10 minutes after take-off that the jumbo jet began its deviation to the west. Twenty minutes after, civilian radar at Kenai, Alaska tracked KAL 007 5.6 nautical miles (NM) deviated. Fifty minutes after, military radar at King Salmon, Alaska tracked it at 12.6 NM deviated. One by one, KAL 007 plunged through its navigational checkpoints ever increasing its deviation—60 NM at waypoint NABIE, 100 NM at waypoint NUKKS, and 160 NM at waypoint NEEVA, until 3 hours after take-off, it entered Russian territory north of the port city of [[Petropavlovsk]] on Kamchatka. Home to the Far East Fleet Inter-Continental Ballistic Nuclear Submarine Base, Petropavlovsk was bristling with weaponry. For a summary of the ICAO analysis as to why KAL 007 strayed off course, see [[How KAL 007 was Lost]].

===Possible Pilot Awareness of Deviation===

The following is the agreed upon data by commentators and investigating bodies such as ICAO which concluded that the deviation was not intentional but due to a lack of situational awareness, and such as the opposite understanding that the deviation and intrusion into Soviet air space was intentional for purposes of saving on fuel by "shortcutting", or intelligence gathering.

'''The Horizontal Situation Indicator:''' From Bethel and on, alert pilots could have known much—starting with the Horizonal Situation Indicator The Horizontal Situation Indicator's needle would have alerted the pilots of their course deviation. This is because the cockpit HSI console needle, capable of showing deviation only up to eight miles, would be “pegged” all the way to the side. The pilots, thus, could have known that they were at least eight miles off course. An aircraft HSI generally has an image of a plane directly above the Horizontal Situation Indicator's needle when the aircraft is on course. A needle pointing to the left or to the right of the image would indicate that the plane is deviated left or right of the course. KAL 007's HSI's needle would have been pegged all the way to the right (North). ICAO expanded on the Horizontal Situation Indicator's capability of showing course deviation. The pilots could have known that they were off course by looking at the Horizontal Situation Indicator (HSI) in front of each of them. Though the HSI was primarily designed to show the aircraft's situation with regard to the horizon, the 747's HSI contained an indicator to register deviation from plotted course. “Indications [of being on course] available to the crew would have been a reducing or zero track bar displacement with the HSI display set to INS and a similar reducing or zero cross track error on the CDUs [consoles]. There would have been a similar effect with the VOR track displacement…” <ref>ICAO report 1993, p. 42, sect. 2.4.4.</ref>

Despite this, strangely enough, at 13:49, the pilots were reporting that they were on course! “007, Bethel at forty niner.” Fifty minutes after takeoff, military radar at King Salmon, Alaska acquired KAL 007 at more than 12.6 miles off course. It had exceeded its permissible leeway of deviation by six times! (Two nautical miles an hour error is the permissible drift from course set by INS.)

'''Difficulties in making required reports:''' Furthermore, pilot and copilot could also have been aware of the aircraft's serious deviation because now, much more than 12 miles off course, KAL 007 was too far off course for the pilots to make their required Very High Frequency (VHF) radio reports, and had to relay these reports via KAL Flight 015, just minutes behind it and on course (KAL 007,increasingly off course, would have to rely on KAL 015 three times to transmit its reports to Anchorage Air Traffic Control). That could have alerted them.

At one point in this section of its flight, (14:43 GMT) KAL 007 put a call through a navigational “hookup,” the International Flight Service Station on High Frequency. Flight 007, now too distant to speak directly with Anchorage Controller through Very High Frequency, was transmitting its message indirectly using High Frequency. At another point of this section of the flight, at waypoint NABIE, KAL 007 was too far north to make radar contact with the Very High Frequency Air Traffic Control relay station on St. Paul's Island. KAL 015 relayed for KAL 007. The message was a change in the Estimated Time of Arrival (ETA) for the next waypoint called NEEVA—delaying by four minutes the ETA that KAL 015 had previously relayed on behalf of KAL 007. Since a revised ETA could only be calculated by means of readout information presented by KAL 007's Inertial Navigation Systems Control Display unit, pilot and copilot were once again presented with the opportunity of verifying their position and becoming aware of their enormous deviation.

'''Contrary wind conditions of KAL 007 and KAL 015:''' KAL 007 had now passed out of Kamchatka air space and was now a few minutes into international air space over the Sea of Okhutsk and heading in the direction of Terpenie Bay on the west shore of Sakhalin Island. At the same minute (18:05 GMT) that Maj. Osipovich in his Su-15 interceptor has fallen in behind KAL 007 and reports to his ground conroller, "am observing", KAL 007, off course, and KAL 015, on course many miles away, and about 15 minutes beind KAL 007, compare wind velocity and direction. KAL 015 is enountering tailwinds while KAL 007 is encountering headwinds

KAL 015: "Um Um We are now having an unexpected strong tailwind How much do you get there? How much and which direction?" KAL 007: "206. Ask him how many knots?..." KAL 007: "Ah! You got so much! We still got headwind. Headwind 215 degrees, 15 knots." KAL 015: "Is it so? But according to flight plan wind direction 360, 15 knots approximately." KAL 007: "Well, it may be like this." Capt. Chun, by accepting these irreconcilables, has lost his last chance to escape.

'''Weather radar: ''' There was one last navigational aid to warn the crew. With consoles at the knees of both pilot and copilot, the plane's weather radar could have alerted them, both over Kamchatka and later over Sakhalin, to the fact that they were no longer flying over water, as they ought to have been. Weather radar has two modes—land mapping for clear weather, when it would be possible to look down and see water or land masses as well as the contours of the coast lines and the weather surveillance mode for cloudy weather, when it is necessary to “see through” clouds in order to detect dangerous thunderstorms. In land mapping mode, KAL 007 had only to make sure that the land mass of Kamchatka and the Island string of the Kurile chain would remain to the right. That night, however, KAL 007's weather radar was probably not in land mapping mode, for the weather was inclement. The International Civil Aviation Organization's meteorological analysis would conclude that, “there was extensive coverage of low, medium, and high level clouds over southern Kamchatka associated with an active cold front.(ICAO 1983, section 1.7.1., p. 9.)” ICAO's analysis of KAL 007's weather radar functioning would state, “it was concluded that the radar was not functioning properly or that the ground mapping capability was not used."<ref>ICAO 1983, p. 45. Section 2.9.1.</ref>

An indicator, according to ICAO, of lack of pilot awareness of their flight's deviation from route is the bantering and casual light conversation conducted at the times that awareness of deviation and location would have brought great tension. An example is the time (18:05 GMT) of Maj Ospovich observing KAL 007 while pulling in behind it, then locking on. KAL 007 Flight Crew: "I have heard that there is currency exchange at your airport." "In the airport currency exchange? What kind of money?" "Dollar to Korean money." "That's in the domestic building too, domestic building too."

'''August 31/September 1, 1983 was the worst possible night''' for KAL 007 to “bump the buffer” for a complexity of reasons—all of them ominous. It was but a few short hours before the time that Marshal Nikolai Ogarkov, Soviet Chief of General Staff, had set for the test firing of the SS-25, an illegal (according to SALT II agreements) mobile Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM). The SS-25 was to be launched from Plesetsk, the launch site in northwest Russia which was used for test firing of solid fuel propellant ICBMs—24 minutes later to land in the Klyuchi target area on the Kamchatka Peninsula. Home to the Soviet Far East Fleet Inter Continental Ballistic Missile Nuclear Submarine base, as well as several air bases and Air Defense Missile launching batteries, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky on the southern coast of Kamchatka was bristling with weaponry.

Prior to his appointment as Marshal of the Soviet Union and Chief of the General Staff, General Ogarkov had been Chief of the Main Operation Directorate of the General Staff and, as such, had begun and had directed the Strategic Deception Department, or “Maskirovka,” which was charged with hiding Salt 2 violations from United States intelligence. On August 31/September 1, Soviet aerial “jammers” under Maskirovka were sent aloft to prevent United States intelligence eyes and ears from obtaining the illegal SS 25's telemetry data. The SS-25 was in violation of the SALT II agreements on three counts:
<blockquote>
1. It was a new kind of ICBM (the first mobile one ever launched).
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
2. Its telemetry was encoded and encrypted. When a test ICBM reentry vehicle approaches the target, it emits vital data relating to its velocity, trajectory, throw-weight, and accuracy by means of coded (symbolized) and encrypted (scrambled) electronic bursts, which are then decoded and decrypted by Soviet on-ground intelligence gathering stations.
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
3. The missile as a whole was too large for its reentry vehicle (dummy warhead), raising suspicion that the missile was being developed for new and more advanced warheads than allowable.
</blockquote>

==Stalk and Attack==

Soviet air defense forces had tracked the aircraft when it first entered airspace over the Kamchatka Peninsula; fighters were scrambled and fired several bursts in front of the plane's nose. Due to the lack of tracer rounds in the Soviet fighter's ammunition, the pilot of KAL 007 was unaware of the bursts. The fighters were ordered back to base when KAL 007 left Soviet airspace over the Sea of Okhotst.

After the Soviets admitted that they had indeed shot down KAL 007, they maintained that they had warned KAL 007 by radio and rounds of tracers. However the Soviet Top Secret Memos to Yuri Andropov revealed by Boris Yeltsin in 1992 [http://www.rescue007.org/TopSecretMemos.htm] contradicted this:

<blockquote>
"However in case the flight recorders shall become available to the western countries their data may be used for: - Claiming possibility of erroneous use by the crew of airborne navigational equipment to form various theories based on the data analysis; - ''Confirmation of no attempt by the intercepting aircraft to establish a radio contact with the intruder plane on 121.5 MHz and no tracers warning shots in the last section of the flight;''- Disputing our specification of the flight termination time (the time of the flight termination may be altered within a range from 30 to 40 seconds); - Confirmation of no intelligence mission by the plane on the strength of argument that within the last 30 minutes of flight during which the voice recorder registered oral communications of the crew nothing was said that might disclose the reason of incursion of the airplane into the airspace of the USSR. ...CONCLUSION In connection with above, it seems unnecessary to transfer the flight recorders to the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) or any third party willing to decipher and analyze of their data. Head of the Group Lieutenant-General of Aviation MAKAROV Staff of the Group Lieutenant-General Engineer TICHOMIROV Major-General Engineer DIDENKO Major -General of Aviation STEPANOV Major -General of Aviation KOVTUN Corresponding Member of Academy of Sciences of the USSR FEDOSOV 28 November 1983" -
</blockquote>

When KAL 007 re-entered Soviet airspace, this time over Sakhalin Island, fighters were again scrambled with orders to "destroy the target." The Commander of the Soviet Far East District Air Defense Forces, General Valeri Kamensky,<ref>[http://www.rescue007.org/kaminski.htm Rescue 007: Kamenski Interview]</ref> was adamant that KAL 007 was to be destroyed even over neutral waters but only after positive identification showed it not to be a passenger plane. His subordinate, General Anatoli Kornukov, commander of Sokol Air base (later to become commander of the Russian Air Force), was adamant that there was no need to make positive identification as "the intruder" had already flown over Kamchatka.

<blockquote>
'''General [[Anatoly Kornukov]] (to Military District Headquarters-Gen. Kamenski): (5:47)'''

''"...simply destroy [it] even if it is over neutral waters? Are the orders to destroy it over neutral waters? Oh, well."''

'''Kamenski:'''

''We must find out, maybe it is some civilian craft or God knows who."''

'''Kornukov''':

''"What civilian? [It] has flown over Kamchatka! It [came] from the ocean without identification. I am giving the order to attack if it crosses the State border."''<ref>The complete transcript of the orders to destroy KAL 007 are available at [http://www.rescue007.org/stalk.htm Rescue 007:The Stalk].</ref>
</blockquote>

==="I knew this was a civilian plane"===
Until 1996, there had been a controversy concerning the identity of KAL 007 by the Soviets as a civilian passenger plane, rather than a U.S. RC-135 Reconnaissance plane. But that ended with the acknowledgment of Gennadie Osipovich, the SU-15 Interceptor pilot, that he indeed knew he was shooting down a civilian passenger plane and that he did see its navigation lights blinking.

<blockquote>
"From the flashing lights and the configuration of the windows, he recognized the aircraft as a civilian type of plane,....'I saw two rows of windows and knew that this was a Boeing,' he said. 'I knew this was a civilian plane. But for me this meant nothing. It is easy to turn a civilian type of plane into one for military use.''(New York Times, Dec. 9, 1996).
</blockquote>

At 18:26 GMT two air-to-air missiles from an [[Sukhoi Su-15|Su-15 Flagon]] piloted by Major Gennadi Osipovich were fired at the jumbo jet,<ref>See [http://www.rescue007.org/shootdown.htm Rescue 007:The Shootdown] for the combined U.S. electronic intercept and Soviet military communications of the actual shoot-down with photos of key personnel.</ref> causing it to spiral down from 35,000 feet and after a 12-minute descent crash into the sea near Moneron Island.

===The Osipovich–Air Controller KAL 007 Identity miscommunication===
In his September 9, 1996 interview Osipovich stated that he knew that it was a civilian Boeing from the double rows of windows. He told ground controllers that there were blinking lights, which he believed should have alerted them to the fact that the plane was a transport. But he did not tell them that the aircraft was specifically a Boeing 747. Also clear, is that KAL 007's blinking navigational lights were also not communicated upward:

<blockquote>
"From the flashing lights and the configuration of the windows, he recognized the aircraft as a civilian type of plane, he said. 'I saw two rows of windows and knew that this was a Boeing,' he said. 'I knew this was a civilian plane. But for me this meant nothing. It is easy to turn a civilian type of plane into one for military use.'... Osipovich also revealed that in the pressure of the moment, he did not provide a full description of the intruder to Soviet ground controllers. 'I did not tell the ground that it was a Boeing-type plane,' he recalled. 'They did not ask me.' He did, however, tell Soviet ground controllers that the plane had blinking lights on, which he says was an indication that it could be a transport plane."
</blockquote>

That the omission of the identity of KAL 007 as a Boeing by Osipovich is confirmed by ground personnel to the Combat controller, Lt. Col. Titovnin:

<blockquote>
'''Titovnin:''' The commander has given orders that if the border is violated—destroy [the target].

'''Lt. Col. Maistrenko:''' ...May [be] a passenger [aircraft]. All necessary steps must be taken to identify it.

'''Titovnin:''' Identification measures are being taken, but the pilot cannot see. It’s dark. Even now it’s still dark.

'''Maistrenko:''' Well, okay. The task is correct. If there are no lights—it cannot be a passenger [aircraft].
</blockquote>It is clear that attack was made on the intruder plane not because it was considered a continuing threat, but because it would soon escape into neutral waters.

<blockquote>
Kornukov: Oh, [obscenities] how long does it take him [Maj. Osipovich in his Su-15] to get into attack position. He is already getting out into neutral waters. Engage afterburner immediately.Bring in the MiG 23 as well...While you are wasting time, it will fly right out.
</blockquote>

===U.S. Electronic Intercept of Shootdown in Progress===
[[Image:Sukhoi15.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Sukhoi-15 TM interceptor]]
The following is the actual shootdown transmissions from the Sukhoi-15 as intercepted by the U.S. (NSA), in combination with the commands from Soviet Combat Air Control handed over by the Russian Federation ("Transcript of Communications. USSR Air Defence Command Centres on Sakhalin Island" of Information Paper 1. ICAO, 1993)
NSA Electronic intercepts have minute and second specified.

'''Osipovich: (18:22:02)''' The target is decreasing speed.

'''Osipovich: (18:22:17)''' I am going around it. I'm already moving in front of the target.

'''Titovnin:''' Increase speed, 805 [call sign of Osipovich's Sukhoi-15].

'''Osipovich: (18:22:23)''' I have increased speed.

'''Titovnin:''' Has the target increased speed, yes?

'''Osipovich: (18:22:29)''' No, it is decreasing speed.

'''Titovnin:''' 805, open fire on target.

'''Osipovich: (18:22:42)''' It should have been earlier. How can I chase it? I'm already abeam of the target.

'''Titovnin:''' Roger, if possible, take up a position for attack.

'''Osipovich: (18:22:55)''' Now I have to fall back a bit from the target.

<blockquote>
Osipovich’s irritation with his controller reflects the fact that, in contrast with the freedom of initiative given to an American pilot in combat, a Soviet pilot must be “vectored” and commanded for almost every move he makes.
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
KAL 007 leveled off at 18:23 at 35,000 feet. Now it would have only 3 minutes of flying time before Osipovich’s “Anab” medium range air-to-air missile would come streaking toward it from the rear. And, it was now General Kornukov’s turn to exhibit irritation and concern. From his communication to Gerasimenko, it is clear that KAL 007 was shot down by the Soviets not because it posed a threat to them, but because it was escaping.
</blockquote>

'''Gen. Kornukov:''' Oh, [obscenities] how long does it take him to get into attack position, he is already getting out into neutral waters. Engage afterburner immediately. Bring in the MiG 23 as well... While you are wasting time it will fly right out.

''With back-up from the MiG 23 (call sign 163), and at a distance of eight kilometers, Major Osipovich executes what he believes will be the destruction of KAL 007 (he has distanced himself from the target so that his interceptor will not be struck by fragments of the exploding passenger plane).''

'''Titovnin:''' 805, try to destroy the target with cannons.

'''Osipovich: (18:22:37)''' I am dropping back. Now I will try a rocket.

'''Titovnin:''' Roger.

'''MiG 23 (call sign 163): (18:23:49)''' Twelve kilometers to the target. I see both [the Soviet interceptor piloted by Osipovich and KAL 007].

'''Titovnin:''' 805, approach target and destroy target.

'''Osipovich: (18:24:22)''' Roger, I am in lock-on.

'''Titovnin:''' 805, are you closing on the target?

'''Osipovich: (18:25:11)''' I am closing on the target, am in lock-on. Distance to target is eight kilometers.

'''Titovnin:''' Afterburner.

'''Titovnin:''' AFTERBURNER, 805!

'''Osipovich: (18:25:16)''' I have already switched it on.

'''Titovnin:''' Launch!

'''Osipovich: (18:26:20)''' I have executed the launch.

'''Osipovich: (18:26:22)''' The target is destroyed.

'''Titovnin:''' Break off attack to the right, heading 360.

'''Osipovich: (18:26:27)''' I am breaking off attack.

There were no survivors found, and no bodies, body parts or tissues found on the surface of the sea. See [http://www.rescue007.org/rescue.htm Rescue 007:The Rescue] for transcripts of the Soviet Search and Rescue orders.

===See [[KAL 007: Soviet stalk, shoot down, and rescue mission orders transcripts]]: simultaneous five sourced===
not a reconstruction or re-enactment, but the dramatic unfolding of the events themselves, as they were recorded by all sides - American, Japanese, and Soviet

==Flight Data Recorder Chart showing the regaining of control of KAL 007==
This ICAO graphing of the deciphered Digital Flight Data Recorder of KAL 007's first minute and 44 seconds of post attack flight shows the regaining of control by Capt Chun. Following the '''"altitude"''' and '''"pitch"''' lines, Captain Chun's regaining control is evident through the immediate 113 second arc upward and dive downward, then the 10 second pull-up taking KAL 007 to pre missile attack altitude, and then the beginning gradual descent. Note the sharp decrease in '''"acceleration"''' as Capt. Chun levels off from the pull up - belying the Media descriptions that KAL 007 uncontrollably "plunged", "dived", "hurtled down", "cartwheeled", etc., to its destruction after it was hit.

[[Image:Chart8.jpg|left|thumb|450px]][[Image:Time magazine.jpg|Fallacious common media depiction contradicted by deciphering of Flight Data Recorder and Cockpit Voice Recorder|right|thumb|200px]]

==Missile damage to people and plane==
What can be learned of the damage and lack of damage to KAL 007 is derived from its deciphered Black Box (Cockpit Voice Recorder and Digital Flight Data Recorder) tapes for the duration of the first minute and 44 seconds of its post detonation flight of at least 12 minutes, and from the Soviet real time communiques and radar trackings for the remainder of its flight .

====The Heatseeking missile====
In a two-second interval, the Soviet pilot launched two R-98 (ANAB) air-to-air medium range missiles. The second missile, a heat seeker, was designed to “home in” onto the exhaust of aircraft engines, exploding on contact. As the International Civil Aviation Organization analysis will show, this missile missed.

<blockquote>
'''''"The interceptor pilot [Osipovich] stated that the first missile hit near the tail, while the second missile took off half the left wing of the aircraft." (ICAO '93 report, pg. 39, 1.16.1.5)''' ''"The interceptor's pilot's statement that the second missile took off half of the left wing was probably incorrect. The missiles were fired with a two-second interval and would have detonated at an equal interval. The first detonated at 18:26:02 hours. The last radio transmissions from KE 007 to Tokyo Radio were between 18:26:57 and 18:27:15 hours using HF1 [High Frequency]. The HF 1 radio aerial of the aircraft was positioned in the left wing tip suggesting that the left wing tip was intact at this time. Also, the aircraft's manoeuvres after the attack did not indicate extensive damage to the left wing''." (ICAO '93 report, pg. 39, 1.16.1.
</blockquote>6).'''

'''In addition, the co-pilot reported to Capt. Chun twice during the flight after the heat seeker missile's detonation, ''"Engines normal, sir."'''''

====The proximity-fused radar guided missile====
The first missile was radar-controlled and proximity-fused, designed to detonate 50 meters from an aircraft. It exploded at exactly 18:26:02—exactly five hours, 26 minutes and 18 seconds after KAL 007 began its taxi to takeoff from Anchorage, Alaska. Sending fragments forward, this missile either severed or unraveled the crossover cable from the left inboard elevator to the right elevator. This with damage to one of the four Hydraulic systems (3 of the 4 systems were damaged or out), caused KAL 007 to ascend from 35,000 ft. to 38,250 ft. at which point Capt. Chun, disengaging the auto-pilot and taking manual control, was able to bring it down.

The fragments also caused punctures to the pressurized passenger cabin. All the punctures together amounted to a total of 1 3/4 sq. feet, too small, even together, for anyone to be sucked out by decompression. This was determined by the 11 seconds it took for the air to begin rushing out of the cabin before the alarm was set off picked up by the Cockpit Voice Recorder.<ref>ICAO '93, Information Paper 1., pg. 93</ref>

====Inside the Cabin====
Congressman [[Larry McDonald]], seated in an aisle seat of the first class section was most likely unharmed though there may well have been wounded or dead in the rear section struck by missile fragments. There was a sufficient supply of oxygen for comfortable breathing. Aviation Specialist Dr. Malcolm Brenner explains: '''“Crew members and passengers would have about one minute of expected useful consciousness unless they successfully began receiving oxygen from an oxygen mask'''.” Well within that critical “one minute of expected useful consciousness,” the oxygen masks had already deployed and, because of the upward pitch of the aircraft's nose for most of its ascent leg of the 1 minute and 13 second arc upward, the masks were drifting back toward or behind the heads of the passengers, within easy reach (If airline regulations had been followed, adults would have donned their masks first before putting them on their children).

At 6:26:34, thirty-two seconds after missile detonation, the following consecutive messages were broadcast over the public address system in English, Korean, and Japanese: '''“Attention, Emergency Descent. Put out your cigarette. This is an Emergency Descent. Put the mask on your nose and mouth and adjust the headbands.”''' When one of the flight crew radioed Tokyo Airport, one minute and two seconds after missile detonation, his breathing was already "accentuated" as he was then speaking through the mike located in his oxygen mask,''' '' "Korean Air 007 ah… We are… Rapid compressions. Descend to 10,000.” ''''' Two expert witnesses testified at a Court of Appeals trial on the issue of pre-death pain and suffering. Captain James McIntyre, an experienced Boeing 747 pilot and aircraft accident investigator, testified that Flight 007's tail was struck by shrapnel from a proximity missile. This shrapnel probably caused a hole smaller than two feet in diameter, resulting in decompression but leaving the passengers sufficient time to don oxygen masks. McIntyre testified that, based upon his estimate of the extent of damage the aircraft sustained, all passengers survived the initial impact of the shrapnel from the missile explosion. In McIntyre's expert opinion, at least twelve minutes elapsed between the impact of the shrapnel and the crash of the plane, and the passengers remained conscious throughout.<ref>UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT Nos. 907, 1057 August Term, 1994 {Argued: April 5, 1995 Decided: July 12, 1995, Docket Nos. 94-7208,94-7218}</ref>

===Capabilities and Damage to Hydraulics===
With only one of the four redundancy designed hydraulic systems fully operational (making control difficult, but by no means impossible), and with wing flaps up, “control was reduced to the right inboard aileron and the innermost of the spoiler section on each side.” G. Norris and M. Wagner in Boeing (MBT Publishing, Osceolo, WI 1998) explain (pg. 128) the safety benefits of multiple redundant hydraulic systems for the Boeing 747,

<blockquote>
"The hydraulics provided actuation for all the primary flight controls; all secondary flight controls (except leading edge flaps); and landing gear retraction, extension, gear steering, and wheel braking. Systems 1 and 4 could be used for all purposes [KAL 007's hydraulic system no. 4 was undamaged], while systems 2 and 3 were normally used for flight control only... System 4 also had a third electrical power source. Each primary flight control axis received power from all four hydraulic systems."
</blockquote>

KAL 007 would exhibit a flight capability after the attack which would include a pull up to pre detonation altitude 0f 35,000 ft., a gradual descent until leveling out at 16,424 ft (5,000 meters), a flight of almost 5 minutes at that altitude and then slow spiral descent of Moneron Island, the only land mass in the whole Tatar straits. During this flight it was able also to negotiate turns. One of its four hydraulic systems evidenced no damage from the missile attack. There are three incidents where aircraft with one or even no hydraulic systems operational were able to fly and maneuver. In July 1971, Pan Am's flagship aircraft, a Boeing 747, registered N747PA, hit a light gantry upon take-off from San Francisco International Airport. The crew had misjudged the speed of the aircraft and the length of the runway. As the plane pulled up sharply in an attempt to clear it, the rear end of the fuselage came down on the gantry. The aircraft continued to take off and with the gantry stuck in its cargo area and with three of the hydraulic systems destroyed. The jumbo jet circled the airport and made a safe landing—still with the gantry stuck through its cargo area and only one hydraulic system operational. On July 19, 1989, Capt. Al Hanes flew United Flight 232 with zero hydraulic to an emergency landing at Sioux City, Iowa airport. The crew had limited control by using thrust modulation (symmetric thrust for pitch, differential thrust for yaw/roll). The aircraft eventually skidded of the runway and overturned in a field killing 110 of its 285 passengers and one of the 11 crew members. The third incidence involved the attempted shootdown of a DHL aircraft. On November 22, 2003, a missile took out portions of the left wing and collateral damage took out all the hydraulic systems. As in the case of the 1989 United Airlines Flight 232, the Captain could only use thrust to modify pitch, speed and altitude and vary throttles asymmetrically to control yaw and turn the aircraft. There were no casualties as the aircraft safely returned and landed at Baghdad International airport.

===Flight Capability Evaluation===
The measure of KAL 007 potential and actual controllability are the following 10 indications :

# Sufficient oxygen for pilot alertness (flight crew speaking through microphones within oxygen masks).
# All engines were operating normally (as reported twice by co-pilot to Capt. Chun after missile detonation).
# Electrical system was operative (otherwise the radio would not have operated).
# Demonstrated pilot ability to decrease speed of KAL 007 in its downward phase (If he would not have been able to do so, the aircraft would continue to increase its downward acceleration—only to collide with the water in from 2 to 2 1/2 minutes rather than maintain its over 12 minute post-detonation flight.'''
# KAL 007 was able to regain its pre-hit altitude almost exactly. (It is highly unlikely that KAL 007 regained exact altitude after its arc by chance.)'''
# KAL 007 was able to regain its pre-missile hit rate of forward acceleration'''.
# Captain Chun was able to bring KAL 007's nose (pitch) to the plane's exact level of flight.'''
# For over 4 minutes (18:31 - 18:35), KAL 007 maintained level flight altitude of 5,000 meters only to begin a spiral descent over tiny Moneron Island, 3 1/2 miles E-W by 4 1/2 miles N-S - the only land mass in the whole Tatar straits.'''
# Material evidence that passengers had enough time to prepare for emergency water ditching [http://www.rescue007.org/faq.htm#12]'''
# Contrary to the statement of interceptor pilot that his missile had taken off the left wing of KAL 007, his missile had in fact missed, and the left wing was intact (all engines normal, noted ability to maneuver, high frequency broadcast made after attack using HF antenna 1. located on tip of left wing)'''

===Soviet Command response to Post- Detonation Flight===
Contrary to what would have been expected to the Interceptor pilot's call, "Target destroyed", the Soviet command, from General on down indicated surprise and consternation at KAL 007's continued flight, and ability to regain its altitude and maneuver. This consternation continued through to KAL 007's subsequent level flight at altitude 16,424 ft. and then through its spiral descent over Moneron Island.

'''18:28''': Lt. Col. Novoseletski: Well, what is happening, what is the matter, who guided him in, he locked on, why didn't he shoot it down?

'''18:28''' Lt. Col. Gerasimenko: The target turned to the north. Kornukov: The target turned to the north?

'''18:29''' Kornukov: Well, I am asking, give the order to the Controller, what is wrong with you there? Have you lost your tongues?

'''18:29''': Kornukov: Well, I understand, I do not understand the result, why is the target flying? Missiles were fired. Why is the target flying? [obscenities] Well, what is happening?

'''18:29''': Lt. Col. Gerasimenko: Comrade General, I gave the order to the Chief of Staff, the Chief of Staff to the Controller, and the Controller is giving the order to...

'''18:30''': Kornukov: Well, how long does it take for this information to get through, well, what, [you] cannot ask the results of firing the missiles, where, what, did [he] not understand or what?

'''18:32''': Kornukov: Altitude...what is altitude of our fighter and the altitude of the target? Quickly. the altitude of the target and the altitude of the fighter?...
Why don't you say anything?...Gerasimenko!...

'''18:33''': Gerasimenko: Gerasimenko. Altitude is 5,000 [16,424 ft.]. Kornukov: 5,000 already?

'''18:34''': Gerasimenko: Affirmative, turning left, right, apparently it is descending. Kornukov: Destroy it, use the 23 to destroy it, I said!

==The Mystery of the Missing Minutes Solved==

At the Altitude of 35,000 feet at which KAL 007 was attacked, it should have taken 2 to 2 1/2 minutes to reach the surface of the sea. This figure is arrived at by both simulator replication and actual occurrences of planes that have fallen to their destruction. Yet, it had taken 12 minutes for KAL 007 to have gotten from 35,000 feet to 1,000 feet at which it could no longer be tracked due to the curvature of the earth.

For comparison, a China Airlines jumbo jet fell 32,000 feet in less than two minutes after all four of its engines failed but the pilot restarted them and flew 500 miles with a damaged tail before making an emergency landing in San Francisco. The Boeing 747 fell from a cruising altitude of 41,000 feet to 9,000 feet. The plane fell 32,000 feet in something less than two minutes. The rate of descent would have been 267 feet per second. Had KAL 007 "plummeted" toward the sea at that rate, its fall would have taken about two minutes and 11 seconds - not 12 minutes.

On September 1, Secretary of State George Shultz had stated: "At 1826 hours the Soviet pilot reported that he fired a missile and the target was destroyed. At 1830 hours [or 4 minutes later] the Korean aircraft was reported by radar 5,000 meters [16,424 feet]. At 1838 hours [12 minutes after being hit] the Korean plane disappeared from the radar screen." Most people, including researchers and media personnel, assumed that "disappeared from the radar screen" meant that KAL 007 had exploded and disintegrated. But the true explanation would become available from 1992 onwards.

The mystery of the disparity in time was solved by the handover by the Russian Federation of the Black Box and the real time Russian military communications of the shootdown. KAL 007 had not "plunged" down after the attack. It had gradually descended for 4 minutes after the attack and then leveled off at 16,424 feet (18;30-31 GMT), and at this altitude continued its post-attack flight for almost 5 minutes (18:35 GMT), ''and only then'' continue a descent in spirals until being tracked at 1,000 feet above sea level and 2.6 miles from Moneron Island.

<blockquote>
'''Gen. Kornukov (18:32)''': Tell the 23 [MiG]... afterburner. Open fire, destroy the target, then land at home base.

'''Lt. Col. Gerasimenko (acting commander, 41st Fighter Regiment, viewing radar)''': Roger

'''Kornukov:''' Altitude... What is the altitude of our fighter and the altitude of the target? Quickly. The altitude of the target and the altitude of the fighter!

...Why don't you say anything? Gerasimenko!

'''Gerasimenko (18:33):''' Gerasimenko. Altitude of target is 5,000.

'''Kornukov:''' 5,000 already?

'''Gerasimenko (18:34'''): Affirmative, turning left, right, apparently it is descending.
</blockquote> "The last plotted radar position of the target was 18:35 hours at 5,000 meters." (ICAO 1993, pg. 53, para. 2.15.8)

===See [[The Soviet/ U.S naval confrontation]] for real-time photos and a full understanding of the Soviet Harassment of US Search and Rescue Efforts===

==Initial Safe landing Report==

After Action Report MapRight after KAL 007 was reported missing, there was a report conveyed via phone by Orville Brockman, the Washington office spokesman of the Federal Aviation Administration to Tommy Toles, the press secretary of Cong. Larry McDonald. This report was that the FAA representative in Tokyo,. Dennis Wilhelm had been informed by a Mr. Tanaka of the Japanese Civil Aviation Bureau (Counter-part to the FAA) that "Japanese self-defense radar force confirms that the Hokkaido radar followed Air Korea to a landing in Soviet territory on the island of Sakhalinska S-a-k-h-a-l-i-n-s-k-a and it is confirmed by the manifest that Congressman McDonald is on board". This report would indicate that KAL 007 had made a 180 degree turn as it would have had to do so to land on Sakhalinsk Island after having already passed it (as it had been attacked in international waters just outside the 12 mile Soviet claimed territorial border west of Sakhalin), and it could, on the other hand indicate the eastern heading portion of KAL 007's spiral descent around 4 1/2NM by 3 1/2NM Moneron Island to a landing east of Moneron and West of Sakhalin (Moneron and Sakhalin islands are slightly less than 24 naut. miles from each other and the lines of their respective 12 mile territorial borders intersect - see Task Force 71 After Action Report map below). The statement "to a landing in Soviet territory on the island of Sakhalinska" under this view would describe a report by Japnese self-defense force, and possibly by its reporting radar station, which was inexact but rather to indicate the general area in this sector. The Hokkaido tapes are not in the public domain.

==American response==
Initially the news flashed in the early morning hours of September 1 would report that KAL 007 had disappeared over the Pacific; it would be a matter of hours before the world would know something more ominous. President Reagan, vacationing at his California ranch, would cut it short and fly to Washington. Just before boarding Air Force One, Reagan hinted that the actions by the Soviets were somewhat worse than their invasion of Afghanistan in 1979: "While events in Afghanistan and elsewhere have left few illusions about the willingness of the Soviet Union to advance its interests through violence and intimidation, all of us had hoped that certain irreducible standards of civilized behavior nonetheless obtained," he declared. "But this event shocks the sensibilities of people everywhere...What can we think of a regime that so broadly trumpets its vision of peace and global disarmament and yet so callously and quickly commits a terrorist act to sacrifice the lives of innocent human beings?" <ref>http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,926169,00.html</ref>

Secretary of State George Shultz would have a meeting in Madrid, Spain later in the week with Soviet Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko on the subject of arms control. For the previous few months the Reagan administration felt that things were opening up between the United States and the Soviet Union; the shooting of KAL 007 set things back. Instead of talking arms control, Shultz made heated demands of Gromyko as to what happened to the plane. Jeane Kirkpatrick, the U.S. ambassador to the United Nations and at the behest of Reagan, placed a large television in the Security Council and played the recorded tapes of the fighter pilots and ground control for the world to hear:
:''"I see it, visually and on radar . . . The A.N.O. [air navigational lights] are burning. The [strobe] light is flashing . . . What are instructions? . . . I'm dropping back. Now I will try a rocket . . . I am closing on the target . . . I have executed the launch. The target is destroyed."''
The Soviet delegation had their backs turned towards the screen even as they repeated the ''Tass'' statement on the loss of the plane.

Reagan would spend much of two days drafting a carefully-prepared speech which he presented on national television September 5. Calling it a "[[crime against humanity]]" that had "absolutely no justification, either legal or moral," he used the speech as an indictment of the Soviets in the court of public opinion, using the word "massacre" six times to describe it. Reagan asserted in a key passage "This attack was not just against ourselves or the Republic of Korea. This was the Soviet Union against the world and the moral precepts which guide human relations among people everywhere." <ref>http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,954035-2,00.html</ref>

On September 15, 1983, President Reagan would order the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to revoke the license of Aeroflot Soviet Airlines to operate flights to and from the US. Aeroflot flights to North America were consequently available only through Canadian and Mexican cities. Aeroflot service to the U.S. was not restored until April 29, 1986. In addition, Reagan failed to follow through on his tough talk by employing any of the means possible to punish the Soviets, such as trade sanctions. In fact, over time, his administration increased trade with the Soviet Union. Already on September 1, 1984, the Associated Press reported: “Secretary of State George Shultz says the Soviet Union’s shooting down of a South Korean airliner one year ago … should not preclude improvement of relations.”

Searches for the remains of the plane, believed lost in the waters to the southwest of Sakhalin Island, proved fruitless; U.S., Korean, and Japanese search vessels were harassed continually by Soviet vessels.<ref>http://www.rescue007.org/photo_essay.htm</ref>

==Soviet actions==
[[Image:TimecoverSept1983.jpg|right|thumb|200px|The Security Council Meeting at the United Nations as covered by ''Time''; the photo shows a stunned council listening to the recorded tapes of the Soviet fighter pilots.]]
[[Image:RC-135.jpg|right|thumb|200px|RC-135 surveillance aircraft]]
The Soviets were tight-lipped about the affair for two days. Their only response was through the ''Tass'' news agency, in which it was stated that the plane was on a spying mission and was shot down after crossing over their territory.

Then from the Kremlin came the order: the Soviets officially declared that KAL 007 was on a spy mission, and as a spy plane it was deliberately shot down. All of the talk of innocent passengers lost was dismissed as "hulla-balloo", and they said that they were prepared to do it again.

Thinking that they may have made a bad public-relations impression, on September 9 Marshal Nikolai Ogarkov, the Soviet Chief of Staff, went on television to give the Kremlin's view of what happened, repeating the spy plane story, but insisting the plane had been warned to land first. Tracing the plane's route with a pointer on a map behind him, he explained that ground controllers had mixed KAL 007 with a U.S. reconnaissance plane, and the order to shoot it down came not from the Kremlin, but from a far east commander in a military decision, raising a question as to whether or not the Soviet civilian leadership had actual control over its military, and leaving the world to wonder if this "hair trigger mentality" could result in a major conflagration.<ref>http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,954035-7,00.html</ref> Needless to say, Ogarkov's television appearance did little to absolve the Soviets of responsibility.

===Flight of the RC-135===
During the early-morning hours of August 31-September 1, a United States Air Force RC-135 Cobra Ball reconnaissance plane was engaged in a mission to gather electronic intelligence, flying a "racetrack" course at sea off the Kamchatka Peninsula. It was tasked with capturing the telemetry of the [[SS-25]] missile, illegal according to [[Salt ll]] agreements, which the Soviets were to launch that night from Plesetsk in north west Russia to come down in the Klyuchi target range on Kamchatka. For hours the Soviets were aware of this flight, having picked it up on radar while in its inward track (i.e. the track closest to the coastline) before it would disappear from the radar on its outward track. The racetrack course was repeated several times during the night until KAL 007 arrived on the scene, following closely the inward track of the RC-135; since the jumbo jet did not veer off course as the Soviets expected it to do (assuming they thought it was the RC-135), they had an opportunity to intercept it.

Whether the RC -135, configured as a Cobra Ball, was able to pick up the "chatter" from Soviet command posts and capture the radar stations "lighting up" one after another tracking the "intruder" aircraft, as an RC-135 configured as a Rivet Joint could, has been contested. If it had been able to do so, it would also have known the reason for the heightened Soviet activity, and could have warned its own immediate command -the Strategic Air Command for the flight crew and the National Security Agency for the Electronic specialists (the "Ravens"), Anchorage Air Traffic Control (which would warn KAL 007), and even the President's Office through initiating a "Critic Report". A Critic report is the highest intelligence report that intelligence agencies can issue. Being sent at Flash precedence, it overrides everything else on the net. A ground station would be unable to override the Critic. The Critic reaches its designated receiver within 10 minutes (often less) - thus the disaster would have been be averted (The KAL 007 Massacre, Franz A. Kadell, Western Goals, Virginia, 1985 pg. 107).

Click here [http://www.rescue007.org/RC_135.htm] for two reports by RC-135 crew members (one of which flew back on return flight with actual crew of the RC-135 of that night) that indicate that KAL 007 was known by the RC-135 listening in to Soviet ground stations to have intruded into Russian airspace.

There has always been a question concerning the capability, and the actualization of that capability, of the RC-135 to become aware of KAL 007 as it penetrated into Soviet air space and to warn it. During the civil litigation for damages to the families of the victims of the shoot-down, Chief Justice of the District Court of Washington, D.C., Aubrey Robinson, ruled out legal recourse to finding out on grounds that it would endanger National Security. He allowed only, on April 18, 1984, questions to the military, "but only in respect to uncovering the legal duty [of the military] to warn or advise civilian aircraft" (KAL 007: The Cover-Up, David E. Pearson,Summit Books, London, New York, 1987, pg. 305)

.The RC-135 was manufactured by Boeing, and is a military variant of the civilian 707 passenger jet. Configured in several versions, this aircraft was used to conduct airborne surveillance from the 1960s through to the mid-1990s, and many were on routine patrols in the western Pacific Ocean monitoring Soviet activity.

Seymour Hersh, writing in his book ''The Target is Destroyed'', mentioned what was called "psychological operations" (PSYOPS) programs carried out by the United States against the Soviets. These programs included massive naval exercises and simulated attacks carried out in proximity of critical Soviet bases. This, combined with the [[Strategic Defense Initiative]] (SDI) initiated by President Reagan, Cold War tensions rose to high levels. Just a scant four weeks from the KAL 007 disaster, operation ''Able Archer'' was conducted by the United States and its European allies; a reflection seen on Soviet radars was interpreted by many to be an actual first strike by intercontinental ballistic missiles. Only the interpretation by a Soviet general that it was in reality a computer glitch from a malfunctioning satellite prevented a possible nuclear war.

==Conspiracy theories==
[[Image:Ogarkov.JPG|Marshal Nikolai Ogarkov on September 9, 1983, giving the Soviet version of the shoot-down of Korean Airlines Flight 007|right|thumb|250px]]
'''Spy plane theory:''' According to this theory, KAL 007 was "bait" used by the United States to test Soviet response to a flight intrusion into their borders; the RC-135 would be listening in on the response, while the civilian plane would expected to be released from any forced landing, its crew claiming innocence due to being "lost".

The fact of the matter was the RC-135 was a virtually-windowless plane; the Soviet fighter pilots reported the contact as having multiple windows. Major Osipovich, the man who fired the fatal shot, stated he knew it was a civilian plane:
<blockquote>
"I saw two rows of windows and knew that this was a Boeing. I knew this was a civilian plane. But for me this meant nothing. It is easy to turn a civilian type of plane into one for military use." (New York Times interview, September 9, 1996).
</blockquote>

A Boeing 747, at nearly twice the size of an RC-135 and with its distinctive cockpit hump, is unmistakable for anything else in the air, and in 1983 none were in service with the U.S. military.

'''Assassination theory:''' The most prominent passenger on KAL 007 was a United States Congressman from Georgia, Democrat [[Larry McDonald]], a fiery anti-communist who was recently made the president of the John Birch Society, an organization dedicated to exposing the truth of communism and the Soviet Union. The theory goes was that the Soviets had wanted to silence McDonald, and being aware of his presence on the flight (he was on his way to Seoul for the 30th anniversary of the U.S./South Korean Mutual Defense Treaty) sent the fighters aloft; it was sheer luck that the plane had drifted into Soviet airspace. About fifteen minutes behind was another flight, KAL 015, carrying to the anniversary celebration senators Jesse Helms (R-North Carolina), Steve Symms (R-Idaho), and Congressman Caroll Hubbard (D-Kentucky), all anti-communist like McDonald and also attending the ceremony in Seoul.

The theory specified that the Soviets knew of McDonald's activities and wished to silence him, despite the presence of several more tempting targets on the other flight. There is no known evidence that the Soviets were even aware that McDonald was on the plane at all. They would find out after the news media broke the story on September 1.

====Intentional Deviation====
There are three intentional deviation theories, the third related to the Assassination theory.

1. One theory posits the pilots making an intentional deviation shortening the route to Seoul by crossing Kamchatka, saving fuel in the process. Though considered by several law firms in the damage litigations of the civil trial, this theory has been generally rejected because of the dangers involved, and because of the weakness of personal motivation presented to the pilots.

2. The second theory, is that of Capt. Parks, the pilot of the accompanying flight to KAL 007, KAL 015. He was a former superior officer in the South Korean Air Force and personal friend of Capt. Chun, the pilot of KAL 007, and believes his theory fit the personal profile of his friend. Park believes that the coordinates for the flight, or, conversely, properly entered, but when the aircraft had already rolled from "ramp position" had been improperly entered into the Inertial Navigation System (INS) of KAL 007. Chun realized this only when in flight, and rather than dump fuel and return to Anchorage (required by KAL), and face fine, possible demotion and humiliation, decided to "wing it" by Magnetic Heading, rather than the INS, and thus strayed into Soviet territory.

3. The third theory suggests a possible intentional deviation as part of a plan that the pilots may not have been aware of: The pilots set the autopilot mode to INS but only after the flight had passed outside of the permissible 7.5 nautical mile (NM) "Desired Track Capture Envelope" to switch to INS from the Magnetic Heading. This occurred after the Cairn Mountain, Alaska, way point. At Cairn Mountain, the flight was already 6.5 miles off course but still within the 7.5 envelope. If Air Traffic Control for the Cairn Mt. sector had notified KAL 007 that they had deviated from the course, they could have still corrected the situation by switching the NAV mode from Magnetic Heading to INS. Of all the flights that day, Anchorage Air Traffic Control for the sector failed to mark the positions of only two - KAL 007 and KAL 015. Congressman McDonald was aboard KAL 007; Senators Jesse Helms and Steven Symms and Congressman Carroll Hubbard Jr. were aboard KAL 015. This failure of Air Traffic Control to mark down the position of KAL 007 and KAL 015 (and only those two flights) is both unfortunate and curious.

==The Case for Passenger Survival and Abduction==
Contrary to the Interceptor pilot's report that "the target is destroyed", the Russian Federation handover of the original real-time communications of the shootdown show horrified Soviet commanders viewing, and relating what they are viewing, KAL 007 leveling out at 5,000 meters (at 18.31) and continuing at that altitude for over 4 minutes (18:35), turning north, approaching tiny Moneron Island (4 1/2 miles by 3 1/2miles), the only island in the whole Tatar straits, and then making a spiral descent.
<blockquote>
General Anatoly Kornukov, Commander of Sokol Airbase on Sakhalin: "Well, I understand, I do not understand the result, why is the target flying? Missiles were fired. Why is the target flying? [obscenities] Well, what is happening?"
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
Lt. Col. Novoseletski: "Well, what is happening, what is the matter, who guided him in, he locked on, why didn’t he shoot it down?"
</blockquote>

Debriefed former Soviet military men who had served on the Soviet maritime across from [[Sakhalin]] and [[Moneron Island]] and who had immigrated to Israel reported that the Soviet radar stations, including those at Komsomolsk-na-Amura and Edinka, tracked KAL 007 in its spiral descent until it was 1,000 feet above sea level (the point at which Soviet radar could not capture the aircraft due to curvature of the earth). This information was conveyed to the Minority Staff (Republican) under Senator Jesse Helms of the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations which issued in its Republican Staff Report [draft] of 1991 <ref>[http://www.rescue007.org/republican_staff_study.htm][http://www.rescue007.org/faq.htm#8]</ref> this concluding statement - <blockquote>
'''“KAL 007 PROBABLY DITCHED SUCCESSFULLY, THERE MAY HAVE BEEN SURVIVORS, THE SOVIETS HAVE BEEN LYING MASSIVELY, AND DIPLOMATIC EFFORTS NEED TO BE MADE TO RETURN THE POSSIBLE SURVIVORS.”'''
</blockquote>

====Deception regarding the crash site====
Contrary to Russian insistence that they had no knowledge of where KAL 007 had come down, and had maintained lack of knowledge all through the Search and Rescue operations lasting more than two months, they knew exactly where KAL 007 was coming down, and where it had come down, which was over, and then near, Moneron Island. Here is what the Soviet high command saw and said as they saw KAL 007 spiraling down over Moneron Island in Soviet territorial waters:
<li>18:33 GMT - KAL 007 is seen by Soviet radar at 5,000 meters at initial stage of spiral descent over Moneron Island.

'''Lt. Col. Gerasimenko'''. ''"Altitude of target is 5,000."''

'''General Kornukov:''' ''"5,000 already?"''

'''Gerasimenko (18:34'''): ''"Affirmative, turning left, right, apparently it is descending."'' (ICAO '93, Information Paper No. 1, pg. 156)

<li>18:34 GMT - Last recorded location of KAL 007 in spiral descent over Moneron Island is within Soviet territorial waters. ''"Where is it now", "It is in the Moneron area", "In our territory?", "Affirmative"'' (ICAO '93, Information Paper No.1, pg. 156)

====Immediate Soviet mission to Moneron====
Within minutes of the shootdown, two missions involving rescue helicopters, KGB patrol boats, and civilian ships were ordered by the Soviets to [[Moneron Island]].<ref>http://www.rescue007.org/rescue.htm</ref>

[[Image:Mi-8.jpg|Soviet Mi-8 Rescue Helicopter|right|thumb|200px]]

'''Gen. Strogov (Deputy Commander for the Soviet Far East Military District):'''
''"The border guards. What ships do we now have near Moneron Island, if they are civilians, send [them] there immediately."''

'''Lt. Col Novoseletski:'''
''"Prepare whatever helicopters there are. Rescue helicopters."''

'''Titovnin:'''
''"Rescue?"''

'''Novoseletski:'''
''"Yes. And there will probably be a task set for the area where the target was lost."''

'''Titovnin:'''
''Roger. Is this to be done through your SAR [Search and Rescue]?''

'''Novoseletski:'''
''Eh?''

'''Titovnin:'''
''Assign the task to Chaika through your SAR, Comrade Colonel, Khomutovo [Civilian and military airport at Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk City in southern Sakhalin] does not come under us and neither does Novoaleksandrovska. We have nothing here.''

'''Novoseletski:'''
''Very well.''

'''Titovnin:'''
''Novoaleksandrovska must be brought to readiness and Khomutovo. The border guards and KGB are at Khomutovo.''

<blockquote>
“Chaika” is the call sign of the Far East Military District (FEMD) Air Force Command Post. Consequently, this first documented rescue mission could only be effected by order of the FEMD, which was second in jurisdiction to the Soviet Far East Military Theatre of Operations. Neither the shooting down nor the rescue of Flight 007 was, therefore, of local decision.
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
Apparently, neither Smirnykh Air Force Base in central Sakhalin (under the Tactical Air Command and from where the MiG23 ordered to guarantee destruction of KAL 007 was based) and Sokol Air Force base in southern Sakhalin (under the Air Defense Command where Osipovich and his SU-15 were based) had any available rescue helicopters. Therefore, the jurisdictional step up to the Far East Military District Air Force was required to bring the out-of-jurisdiction Khomutovo Air Base into action. Khomutovo was the civilian and military airbase at Yuzhno (Southern) Sakhalinsk City.
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
The second mission involved the civilian ships in the vicinity of Moneron as well as the border guards. This mission was ordered at 18:55; just 29 minutes after missile impact and 17 minutes after KAL 007 had reached "point zero altitude" (1,000 feet above sea level and the point and which Soviet radar on the Siberian Maritime could no longer track KAL 007 because of the curvature of the earth).
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
(That at least one Soviet naval rescue mission had been ordered even before KAL007 had reached the surface of the waters off Moneron is attested by the following - taken from the Izvestia testimony of a Soviet Naval Specialist who had been involved in the rescue mission: "When we learned that the aircraft had been attacked, and that weapons had been used, we began to analyse when it might possibly come down. Ships were ordered to the ''anticipated'' [emphasis added] area. Several ships headed there at once at full speed...")
</blockquote>

'''Gen. Strogov: (18:54)'''''Hello... Hello, Titovnin... You s... [obscenities] I'll lock you up in the guard house. Why don't you pick up the phone?''

'''Titovnin:'''''Comrade General, everyone was busy here.''

'''Strogov:'''
''You have nothing there to be busy with. Busy! What kind of nonsense is that? So, where is Kornukov?''

'''Titovnin:'''
''Kornukov is here.''

'''Strogov''':
''Put him on the phone.''

'''Titovnin:'''
''One minute. He is reporting to Kamenski, Comrade General.''

<blockquote>
General Strogov was Deputy Commander for the Far East Military District. General Kamenski was Commander of Air Defense for the Far East Military District. Here is clear evidence that the shoot-down of KAL 007 and the rescue of its passengers were not decisions made by local commanders but emanated from the highest echelons of the Soviet military. See [[Soviet Officers of KAL 007 Shootdown]] for the known and probable line up the hierarchy.
</blockquote>

'''Strogov: (18:55)'''

''So, what you need to do now. Contact these ... [obscenities], these sailors, these, what do you ... [obscenities]?''

'''Titovnin:'''
''Border guards?''

'''Strogov:'''
''Huh?''

'''Titovnin:'''
''Border guards?''

[[Image:Ship 1.jpg|The Mikhail Merchink: believed to have operated in Soviet waters between Moneron and Sakhalin shortly after shootdown and main civilian ship used by Soviets in later simulated search for KAL 007.Photographed by Logan Cleek during search|right|thumb|300px]]

'''Strogov:'''
''Well, the civilian sailors.''

'''Titovnin:'''
''Understood.''

'''Strogov:'''
''The border guards. What ships do we now have near Moneron Island, if they are civilians, send [them] there immediately.''

<blockquote>
There is consistency of Strogov’s site identification with Kornukov’s. Both generals simply specify it as “Moneron.” Ships that are already “near Moneron” are sent to Moneron itself. This transcript puts the lie to the Soviet claims, from Day One and on, that they did not know where the plane went down, as well as exposing the Soviet deception in staging their search and rescue operations in various parts of international waters. Among the first proponents of this lie was Marshal Nicolay Ogarkov, U.S.S.R. Chief of General Staff, when he stated on September 9, 1983, at a press conference, "We could not give the precise answer about the spot where it [KAL 007] fell because we ourselves did not know the spot in the first place." The United States (and the rest of the world for the matter) had been effectively and tragically duped!
</blockquote>

From V. Chebrikov, KGB head, and D. Ustinov, Defense Minister, to Yuri Andropov, General Secretary of USSR, December 1983 (see fuller text below):

<blockquote>
"The fact that the recorders are in possession of the USSR shall be kept secret...
As far as we are aware neither the US nor Japan has any information on the flight recorders. We have made necessary efforts in order to prevent any disclosure of the information in future.
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
"Looking to your approval.
D.Ustinov, V.Chebrikov"
</blockquote>

====Moneron====
[[Image:Moneron Island 2.jpg|right|thumb|300px| Moneron Island]]
Moneron is an island just 4 1/2 miles long and 3 1/2 miles wide 24 miles due west of Sakhalin Island; the only land mass in the whole Tatar (Tsushima) straits. On its east side, its Soviet claimed 12 mile territorial boundary meets the west side of Sakhalin Island's 12 mile territorial boundary so that there is a contiguous 24 mile expansive of Soviet territory. It was in this area that reports coming to the Israeli Research Centre for Prisons, Psych-Prisons and Forced Labor Concentration Camps of the USSR indicated that KAL 007 had made a water ditching. And it was in this area that there was a southerly flowing current (West Sakhalin Convergent Current) to the Tsushima straits needed to explain the fact that some debris wound up on Hokkaido, Japan beaches ''south'' of Moneron. The Allied search operations were confined to ''international'' waters to the ''north'' of Moneron where the current of the Tsushima flows north rather than south.

The U.S. Search and Rescue mission was prevented by the Soviets from entering their territorial water anywhere around Moneron. Rear Admiral Walter T. Piotti (Photo [http://www.rescue007.org/docs/TheGreatRussianRuse.pdf]), Commander of Task Force 71 of U.S. 7th Fleet, stated in his After Action Report (Department of the Navy, Commander, Surface Combat Force Seventh Fleet. CTF75/N32:kpm,4730,Ser 011, 15 November 1983)

[[Image:Admiral_Piotti.jpg|Rear Admiral Walter T. Piotti Jr. Commander of Task Force 71 of 7th Fleet|left|thumb|150px]]

<blockquote>
"Had TF [task force] 71 been permitted to search without restriction imposed by claimed territorial waters, the aircraft stood a good chance of having been found. No wreckage of KAL 007 was found. However, the operation established, with a 95% or above confidence level, that the wreckage, or any significant portion of the aircraft, does not lie within the probability area outside the 12 NM area claimed by the Soviets as their territorial limit.”</blockquote>

(For the full extent the naval confrontation between the Soviet and U.S. forces, see [[The Soviet/ U.S naval confrontation]])

At a hearing of ICAO on Sept.15, 1983, Lynn Helms, Federal Aviation Administrator, stated:

<blockquote>
"the U.S.S.R. has refused to permit search and rescue units from other countries to enter Soviet territorial waters to search for the remains of KAL 007. Moreover, the Soviet Union has blocked access to the likely crash site and has refused to cooperate with other interested parties, to ensure prompt recovery of all technical equipment, wreckage and other material."<ref>Congressional Record, Sept. 20, 1983,pgs S12462-S12464.</ref>
</blockquote>
[[Image:After Action Report Map.jpg|After Action Report Map|right|thumb|300px]]

===No bodies or luggage===
It was thought that since the Soviets claimed that they had retrieved no bodies, body parts or tissues from the surface of the sea in their territorial waters and the U.S. search and rescue operation yielded the same lack in the international waters where they could search, then the bodies of the occupants of KAL 007 would be found below the sea trapped in their watery tomb, the remains of KAL 007. Yet, former Soviet Divers reporting in ''Izvestia'' (Dec. 1991) of their visit to KAL 007 at the bottom of the sea, beginning 15 days after the shootdown (while Soviet vessels above and a few miles away in international waters pretended to be searching for KAL 007) were amazed that out of a passenger plane carrying 269 people, there was only one torso. (Reports to the Israel Research Center for Prisons, Psych-Prisons, and Forced Labor Concentration Camps of the U.S.S.R. were that passengers and crew were abducted and then KAL 007 sunk to simulate an aircraft having crashed into the sea).

'''One of the divers, Viyacheslav Popov:'''

<blockquote>
"I will confess that we felt great relief when we found out that there were no bodies at the bottom. Not only no bodies; there were also no suitcases or large bags. I did not miss a single dive. I have quite a clear impression: The aircraft was filled with garbage, but there were really no people there. Why? Usually when an aircraft crashes, even a small one... As a rule there are suitcases and bags, or at least the handles of the suitcases."
</blockquote>

'''Another of the divers, V. Zakharchenko:'''

<blockquote>
“But the main thing was not what we had seen there but what we had not seen—the divers had found practically no human bodies or remains…”.
</blockquote>

'''Capt. Mikhail Girs:'''

<blockquote>
“So we were ready to encounter a virtual cemetery. But one submergence went by, then the
second, and then the third...During the entire rather lengthy period of our work near Moneron,
I and my people had maybe ten encounters with the remains of Boeing passengers. No more
than that.”(There is no way of ascertaining from this testimony if the “ten encounters” were with ten separate human remains, that is, individuals, or, more likely, ten encounters with a lesser number. It is entirely possible that these encounters were with fragments from the same individual).
</blockquote>

According to Izvestia, the divers had only 10 encounters with passenger remains (tissues and body parts) including one partial torso. ICAO also interviewed a number of these divers for its 1993 report: "In addition to the scraps of metal, they observed personal effects, such as clothing, documents and wallets. Although some evidence of human remains was noticed by the divers, they found no bodies."

[[Image:Ship 2.jpg|The Georgi Kozmin. Released Navy Department, Logan Cleek, photographer|right |thumb|300px]]

===The Deployment of the Soviet simulated search fleet===
At the same time that the Soviets were harassing the U.S. search efforts, the Soviets were conducting simulated search operations themselves. Admiral Vladimir Vasilyevich Sidorov, Commander of the Soviet Pacific Fleet, directed the simulated (see below) Soviet Search and Salvage operations, having the civilian divers as well as the military under his direct command.

The main Soviet salvage ship was the '''Mikhail Mirchink ''' (pictured above). Designated an S.P.D., Self Propelled Drill ship, the Mirchink was a Swedish built vessel having the great advantage of being able, thanks to its gyros, to stabilize itself dynamically over one spot, regardless of wind or waves.The Mirchink had been positioned mainly within Soviet waters about eleven nautical miles north of Moneron. More than nineteen underwater operations had been performed from her decks. The divers working off the Mirchink had been flown, immediately after the shootdown, by helicopter from their deep-sea assignment off the shores of Murmansk on the Kola Peninsula in northwest Russia and then by transport to the port of Kholmsk on the island of Sakhalin for their “Flight 007” assignment.

The '''Hydronaut (Gidronaut'''), was a combined search and fishing boat, which was mother ship to two small two-man submersibles, the Tinro 2 and the Okeanolog. It's divers had also been hastily flown, this time from Crimean Sevestapol on the Black Sea shores of the Ukraine. The Tinro 2 made most of the dives. Its designer and commander was Capt. Mikhail Girs (see below).

The '''Georgi Kozmin''' was the third ship but had been working before the two civilian manned ships. It had two manned and two unmanned submersibles and its divers were all military. The Georgi Kozmin had come from Soviet Gavan, the main naval port across the Tatar Straits from Sakhalin. It was understood by civilian Soviet divers that anomalies such as missing bodies and luggage, could have been caused by these military divers working before them. See the latest report (Oct. 1, 2000) from one of the divers who visited KAL 007 at the bottom shortly after the shootdown and who found no bodies and no luggage <ref>http://www.royfc.com/news/oct/0001oct01.html</ref>
[[Image:Ship 3.jpg|Vanya Class minehunter. One of the 48 type vessels of Soviet "search" operations. Released, Navy Dept. Photographer Logan Cleek|right|thumb|300px]]

In the now unclassified “Surface Combatant Forces—7th Fleet Task Force 71 Flight 007 After-Action Report”, dated November 18, 1983, Commander Piotti would summarize the Soviets’ Search and Salvage operations:

<blockquote>
“Within six days of the downing of KAL 007, the Soviets had deployed six ships to the general crash site area. Over the next 8 weeks of observation by U.S. naval units this number grew to a daily average of 19 Soviet naval, naval-associated and commercial (but undoubtedly naval subordinated) ships in the Search and Salvage (SAS) area. The number of Soviet ships in the SAS area over this period ranged from a minimum of six to a maximum of thirty-two and included at least forty-eight different ships comprising forty different ship classes.”
</blockquote>

===Five Theories for the missing bodies===
'''Military diver removal theory:''' Russian deep sea diver Vadim Kondrabaev, one of the civilian divers brought to explore the wreckage of KAL 007 in 1983 gave an interview to the Russian magazine Itogi published on October 1, 2000. He points out that after he and the other civilian divers were brought to Sakhalin on September 10, 1983, they were kept there until "the end of September." "...They literally forgot about us for several days." When they did get to the wreckage, they were surprised to find neither bodies nor luggage. "We worked beneath the water almost a month for 5 hours a day and didn't find one suitcase, not even a handle from them." He suggests that the bodies were removed by the Naval divers who had worked before they,the civilian divers, and that they were brought in "as a smoke screen".

<blockquote>
"It is quite possible that several mini submarines with military divers went down to the Boeing even before us and collected everything, and scattered the remaining parts of the destroyed liner about or left them there where they were needed, and afterwards called us as a smoke screen.[http://www.rescue007.org/kal_007_diver_gives_interview.htm]
</blockquote>

'''The Spy Complement Theory:''' The earliest theory for the absence of bodies was that there were no bodies found because KAL 007 had but a small complement of military personnel and no civilian passengers. This first version of the spy plane theory was by and large discarded by September 9, 1983, when Marshal Nicolay Ogarkov, U.S.S.R. Chief of General Staff and First Deputy Defense Minister, conceded that there had been civilian passengers aboard KAL 007 (press conference of September 9, 1983, as quoted by Moscow Radio of the same date).

<blockquote>
"It has been proved irrefutably that the intrusion of the plane of the South Korean Airlines into Soviet airspace was a deliberately, thoroughly planned intelligence operation. It was directed from certain centers in the territory of the United States and Japan. A civilian plane was chosen for its deliberately disregarding, or, counting on the loss of human life."
</blockquote>

'''The Crab Theory:''' It was a claim by the Soviets that the reason for the missing bodies was the large amount of crabs in the debris area. Yet, as Professor William Newman, marine biologist, explains

<blockquote>
"Even if we proceed from the supposition that crustaceans, or sharks, or something else fell upon the flesh, the skeletons should have remained. In many cases, skeletons were found on the sea or ocean floor, which had sat there for many years and even decades. In addition, the crustaceans would not have touched bones.” <ref>http://www.rescue007.org/docs/Russian%20Explanations%20for%20the%20Missing.pdf</ref>
</blockquote>

Neither would they have consumed luggage.

'''The Decompression Theory''':This theory had more force, before the black box tapes analysis showed that the total extent of a missile caused ruptures (even when put all together in one area) to KAL's fuselage was only 1 3/4 sq. feet - too small for anyone to be sucked out.

<blockquote>
Capt. Mikhail Girs: “Something else was inexplicable to us—zipped up clothes. For instance, a coat, slacks, shorts, a sweater with zippers—the items were different, but— zipped up and nothing inside. We came to this conclusion then: Most likely, the passengers had been pulled out of the plane by decompression and they fell in a completely different place from where we found the debris. They had been spread out over a much larger area. The current also did its work.”
</blockquote>

'''The Wind Tunnel Theory:''' Lieutenant General Valeri Kamenski, Chief of Staff and Deputy Commander of the Ukrainian Air Force and formerly Chief of Staff of the Soviet Far East Military District Air Defense Force, the strategic commander of the shootdown, indicating in an interview (Facti I Kommentari [Ukrainian weekly], March 15, 2001) that what happened to the bodies of the crew and passengers of KAL 007 still constitutes a mystery, suggested a third possible explanation.

<blockquote>
“It is still a mystery what happened to the bodies of the crew and passengers on the plane. According to one theory, right after the rocket’s detonation, the nose and tail section of the jumbo fell off and the mid fuselage became a sort of wind tunnel so the people were swept through it and scattered over the surface of the ocean. Yet in this case, some of the bodies were to have been found during the search operations in the area. The question of what actually happened to the people has not been given a distinct answer.”<ref>http://www.rescue007.org/kaminski.htm</ref>
</blockquote>

===The finds at Wakkanai and Hokkaido beaches===
Eight days after the shootdown, human remains and debris from within an aircraft appeared on the north shore of Hokkaido, Japan. Hokkaido began about 30 miles (48 km) below the southern tip of Sakhalin across the Soya Straits. From the southern tip of Sakhalin was 35 miles (56 km) up the west coast of Sakhalin to Moneron ). ICAO concluded that these objects were carried from Russian waters to the Japanese shores of Hokkaido by the southerly current west of Sakhalin Island. All other currents of the relevant east Tsushima straits, including the currents of international waters North of Moneron where the U.S. search operations were conducted, flow to the northward. This southerly current <ref>http://www.pices.int/publications/scientific_reports/Report12/kantakov_f.pdf</ref> between Moneron Island and Sakhalin Island could have been the way for debris to have arrived at Hokkaido, and this was the location for which reports had come in to the Israeli research center indicating that KAL 007 had come down. .

These human remains, including body parts, tissues, and two partial torsos, totaling 13 pieces in number. All were unidentifiable. One partial torso was that of a Caucasian woman - indicated by auburn hair on a partial skull, and one partial body was of an Asian child (with glass imbedded (KAL 007: Cover-up, David Pearson, Summit Books, New York, 1987, Pg. 234) There was no luggage recovered. Of the non human remains that the Japanese recovered were various items including dentures, newspapers, seats, books, 8 "KAL" paper cups, shoes, sandals, and sneakers, a camera case, a "please fasten seat belt" sign, an oxygen mask, a handbag, a bottle of dish washing fluid, several blouses, an identity card belonging to 25 year old passenger Mary Jane Hendrie<ref>http://www.rescue007.org/mary_jane_hendrie.htm</ref> of Sault Ste. [[Image:Mary Jane Hendrie.jpg| Mary Jane Hendrie|right|thumb|200px]]Marie, Canada, and the business card of passenger Kathy Brown-Spier (KAL 007: Cover-up, David Pearson, Summit Books, New York, 1987, Pg. 235). All of the finds at Hokkaido contravened what happens at a catastrophic plane crash at sea - the diffusion of all debris:

Mid-air explosions or plane crashes at sea display a diffused pattern.. In these instances, almost immediately after the crash or midair explosion, there is an indiscriminate mixture of flotsam and debris at the crash site. This admixture is made up of:

1. Bodies, body parts, and body tissues (sometimes in the thousands);

2. Various articles which were with or on the persons of the passengers such as wallets, purses, identity and other cards, electronic portable devises, eyeglasses;

3. Articles from or part of the cabin itself, such as sweaters, jackets, dinner trays, life vests, cups, magazines, signs such as "fasten seat belts", hand luggage, food carts;

4. Articles from the cargo section of the aircraft such as suitcases, packing crates, cartons, sporting goods, musical instruments, industrial and electronic equipment; and

5. Various sized fragments of the aircraft itself.

The greater the altitude of the aircraft at the time of the explosion, or the greater the duration of breakup and disintegration in the air, even at lower altitudes, the more scattered and diffuse the flotsam and debris turned out. It is virtually impossible for there to be a midair explosion and subsequent crash at sea without these features obtaining.

The debris on Hokkaido could not have come from a catastrophic crash of KAL 007. The reason is that, of all the debris washed up on the shore or found in the waters, nothing appeared from any part of the aircraft but one - the passenger cabin area. No luggage or any other item from the jumbo jet's cargo portion such as suitcases, packing crates, cartons, sporting goods, musical instruments, industrial and electronic equipment appeared on the Hokkaido shores. It is possible that this debris, including the 13 unidentifiable human parts and tissues, had come as an intentional Soviet release during these early days of heighted cover-up and deception, and part of the disinformation spoken of in the Top Secret Soviet Memos to Andropov (see below).

===Deception: Conclusion of the 1991 Staff Study of Committee on Foreign Relations===

“Thus, our search efforts were in actuality little more than a charade being played out while the Soviets engaged in their own ruse of pretending themselves to “search” for a wreck they had
probably already immediately located, stripped, probably sunk, and probably destroyed under water.” (pg. 65.)

<blockquote>
“XIII CONCLUSION:

KAL 007 PROBABLY DITCHED SUCCESSFULLY, THERE MAY HAVE BEEN SURVIVORS, THE SOVIETS HAVE BEEN LYING MASSIVELY, AND DIPLOMATIC EFFORTS NEED TO BE MADE TO RETURN THE POSSIBLE SURVIVORS.” Page 77
</blockquote>

===Shoes and the Romanenko involvement===

On Monday, September 26, 1983, a delegation of seven Japanese and American officials arriving aboard the Japanese patrol boat Tsugaru, met a six-man Soviet delegation at the port of Nevelsk on Sakhalin Island. KGB Major General A. I. Romanenko, the Commander of the Sakhalin and Kuril Islands frontier guard, headed the Soviet delegation. Romanenko handed over to the Americans and Japanese, among other things, single and paired footwear. With footwear that the Japanese also retrieved, the total came to 213 men's, women's and children's dress shoes, sandals, and sports shoes. The Soviets said that all that they had retrieved, they had found floating in the water or washed up on the shores of Sakhalin and Moneron islands.

[[Image:John Oldham.jpg|John Oldham|left|thumb|250px]]
[[Image:Shoes.jpg|left|thumb|350PX|Some of the shoes worn by the passengers]]

Family members of KAL 007 passengers would later state that these shoes were actually worn by their loved ones for the flight on that fateful night. Sonia Munder had no difficulty recognizing the sneakers of her children, one of Christian age 14 and one of Lisi age 17 [http://www.rescue007.org/carasco.htm], by the intricate way her children laced them. (Sonia confirmed to me personally that her children were wearing these shoes when they boarded the flight). Another mother says, "I recognized them just like that. You see, there are all kinds of inconspicuous marks which strangers do not notice. This is how I recognized them. My daughter loved to wear them." And yet another mother, Nan Oldham, identified her son [http://www.princeton.edu/~paw/archive_old/PAW99-00/07-1215/1215feat.html#story1], John's sneakers from a photo in Life magazine of 55 of the 213 shoes—apparently, a random array on display those first days at Chitose Air Force Base in Japan. "We saw photos of his shoes in a magazine," says Nan, "We followed up through KAL and a few weeks later, a package arrived. His shoes were inside: size 11 sneakers with cream white paint." John Oldham had taken his seat in row 31 of KAL 007 wearing those cream white paint spattered sneakers. He had just come from painting his suburban Washington, D.C., family home.

From an examination of the shoes in the photo of Life magazine, pairing the sets and counting them with the single shoes, and relating them to the whole, it turns out that the total amount of shoes retrieved account for 198 of the 269 people of KAL 007 - or almost 74% of the total.

The Soviets retrieved the shoes of some portion of this 74% of the flight's passengers, yet claimed not to have found one single body, not one person. This adds great weight to the question "Where are the bodies?" Either the shoes were on the bodies and removed by the Soviets (or the Japanese), or they were removed by the wearers and retrieved by the Soviets (or Japanese). Why were these shoes loose? Were they taken off in preparation for the landing or were they simply removed during the course of the flight? In either case, the one great question remains. Is it really possible for so many shoes to be found and not one single person found to wear them? And if we should negate that the shoes were taken off in preparation for a ditching - that there was no time to do so, or the aircraft was in an exploded and too disintegrated condition to do so, then another question arises - If the non appearance of bodies is explained by their flesh being eaten by crabs, and, contrary to expert opinion, bones eaten by sea creatures, is it really credible, that not one of the 213 items of footwear had a foot, or a toe or a toe bone within it?

Gen. Romanenko would meet a bad end due to his handling of KAL 007 matters (possibly in the removal of the black box). The Republican Staff Study reports that he was probably sent to the Gulag himself. The Israeli Research Centre for Prisons, Psych-Prisons, and Forced Labor Concentration Camps of the USSR, resting on informant information, reported, independently and prior to the Staff Study, that Romanenko's name no longer appears in KGB computers. (Once in, a person is noted as reassigned, deceased, retired, etc., but never deleted. It is as if Gen. Romanenko never existed). And finally, Hans Ephraimson-Abt, the head of the American Association for the Families of KAL 007 Victims, reports that while he was in East Germany at the Soviet embassy on Association matters, he was informed by embassy officials that Gen. Romanenko, whom he had come to enquire about (he had not!), had committed suicide. Each in its own time, could have been true.

===The Soviet Deception at Sea===

[[Image:Avraham Shifrin 1990.jpg|Avraham and Eleonora Shifrin, 1990, Jerusalem|right|thumb|200px]]

Reports had come in to Avraham Shifrin, Director of the Research Centre for Prisons, Psych-Prisons, and Forced Labor Concentration Camps of the USSR, charged with the debriefing, through the Jewish Agency, of former military men who were immigrating to Israel in the early 1990s that KAL 007 had been tracked by Soviet radar on the Siberian Maritime and had made what Soviet officers believed to be a safe [[Water Ditching]] off Moneron Island. (For a subsequent interview of one of the soldiers from a Soviet radar station that had tracked KAL 007 to what was believed to have been a safe water landing, see [[A Tracking of KAL 007 to Water: An Interview]]). Subsequent reports coming into the Research Centre from Russia itself indicated that the passengers and crew were abducted from the crippled and downed airliner, and the aircraft sunk and exploded under water with its wreckage scattered to simulate a plane having fallen from the skies. The appearance of secondary placement of the wreckage of KAL 007 was confirmed by some of the divers' reports:

<blockquote>
'''Capt. Girs:''' "Aircraft pieces, wing spars, pieces of aircraft skin, wiring, and clothing. But—no people. The impression is that all of this has been dragged here by a trawl rather than falling down from the sky…"
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
'''Diver Viyacheslav Popov''': "As we learned then, before us the trawlers had done some ‘work’ in the designated quadrant. It is hard to understand what sense the military saw in the trawling operation. First drag everything haphazardly around the bottom by the trawls, and then send in the submersibles?...It is clear that things should have been done in the reverse order.”<ref>[http://www.rescue007.org/docs/TheGreatRussianRuse.pdf]- pgs 10,11.</ref>
</blockquote>

These were some of the reports conveyed to Senator Jessie Helms of the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations and which prompted him, according to Helms' chief of Staff Admiral Bud Nance, to write to Boris Yeltsin concerning KAL 007.<ref>http://www.rescue007.org/nance_letter.htm</ref>

====The Top Secret Soviet Memos====
(For the memos in their entirety see [http://www.rescue007.org/TopSecretMemos.htm])

In 1992, Russian president Boris Yeltsin disclosed five top-secret memos dating from late 1983, within weeks of the downing of Korean Air Lines Flight 007. These memos were published in the Soviet news magazine, Izvestia #228, October 16, 1992, shortly after being made public.
The Soviet's own recording (from KGB head V. Chebrikov and Defence Minister D. Ustinov to Premier of Soviet Union Y. Andropov) of their deception of the U.S. fleet and the world, confirming that while they were pretending to search and while they were harassing the U.S. fleet [http://www.rescue007.org/photo_essay.htm], they already knew where KAL 007 was, had already boarded her, and had secured for themselves the sought after "Black Box":

[[Image:Andropov.jpg|Y. Andropoov|right|thumb|150px]]
[[Image:Chebrikov.jpg|V. Chebrikov|right|thumb|150px]]
[[Image:Ustinov.jpg| D. Ustinov|right|thumb|150px]]

<blockquote>
"Simulated search efforts in the Sea of Japan are being performed by our vessels at present in order to dis-inform the US and Japan. These activities will be discontinued in accordance with a specific plan...
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
"...Therefore, if the flight recorders shall be transferred to the western countries their objective data can equally be used by the USSR and the western countries in proving the opposite view points on the nature of the flight of the South Korean airplane. In such circumstances a new phase in anti-Soviet hysteria cannot be excluded.
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
"In connection with all mentioned above it seems highly preferable not to transfer the flight recorders to the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) or any third party willing to decipher their contents. The fact that the recorders are in possession of the USSR shall be kept secret...
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
"As far as we are aware neither the US nor Japan has any information on the flight recorders. We have made necessary efforts in order to prevent any disclosure of the information in future.
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
"Looking to your approval.
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
"D.Ustinov, V.Chebrikov
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
"____ December 1983"
</blockquote>

(''From Top Secret Memos disclosed in 1992 by Boris Yeltsin and published in Izvestia, #228, Oct. 16, 1992.'', Cited in Christopher Andrew, "KGB Foreign Intelligence from Brezhnev to the Coup," Intelligence and National Security, vol. 8, no. 3 (July 1993), p. 60." and by Benjamin B. Fischer,Center for the Study of Intelligence (CIA), ''A Cold War Conundrum'', 1997)

===The Russians caught in their lie===
The Top Secret Memos to Andropov (Dec. 1983) clearly acknowledge that by Oct. 20, 1983, the Black Box and KAL 007 were in Soviet possession '''[from the Soviet Civilian Divers reports they were ''already down on Sept. 15!''].'''

<blockquote>
"On 20 October this year at the point with coordinate...In the third decade of October this year the equipment in question (the recorder of in-flight parameters and the recorder of voice communications by the flight crew with ground air traffic surveillance stations and between themselves) was brought aboard a search vessel and forwarded to Moscow by air for decoding and translation at the Air Force Scientific Research Institute."
</blockquote>

''Yet the Soviets continued the pretense of search through the first part of November!
'' '''

A recent (Sept. 1, 2003) acknowledgement of the Soviet deception of the U.S. and allied search and rescue mission for KAL 007 comes from the the Russian Federation government itself - from the Deputy Director of State Archives of Recent History. He acknowledges that Soviet forces participated in the futile search for KAL 007 while all along knowing where it was. See [http://www.rescue007.org/anniversary_commentary.htm]

===The Soviet Black Box Deception I: The Tapes===
[[Image:BlackBox19850-11.jpg|The "Black Box":Comprised of the Digital Flight Data Recorder, recording movement and functioning of aircraft, and Cockpit Voice Recorder, recording from 3 microphones, cockpit conversation and all sounds|right|thumb|200px]]
The ICAO Report released on Dec. 2, 1983 contained this statement by the Soviet Government,
"No remains of the victims, the Instruments or their components or the flight recorders have so far been discovered" (Appendix F, ICAO 83). This was a lie as Boris Yeltsin's release of the earlier Nov. 1983 Memo from KGB head V. Chebrikov and Defense Minister D. Ustinov to Yuri Andropov, would show,

<blockquote>
"In the third decade of October this year the equipment in question (the recorder of in-flight parameters and the recorder of voice communications by the flight crew with ground air traffic surveillance stations and between themselves) was brought aboard a search vessel and forwarded to Moscow by air for decoding and translation at the Air Force Scientific Research Institute."'' (Izvestia #228, October 16, 1992)
</blockquote>

Thus, the Soviets not only had recovered the black box at least a month and a half prior to the time that they had reported to ICAO that there were no recovered "remains of the victims, the instruments or their components or the flight recorders", but their search up through the beginning of November for KAL 007 and the Black Box was seen to be a hoax.
The [[Black box]] tapes eventually (after 9 years of denial) handed over to the ICAO investigators by the Russian Federation were of only the first minute and 44 seconds of KAL 007's post missile detonation 12 minute plus flight. The Russian Federation supplied military communications transcripts provide the rest of the documented flight showing that KAL 007 survived the missile attack and was able to maintain control, flying for nearly 5 minutes at level flight after pulling up from its dive, was able to maneuver, to turn north, to spiral down over the only available land site in the whole Tatar straits - Moneron Island. The mystery of how the stricken aircraft which should have hit the water in 2 1/2 minutes instead of over 12 minutes was solved. It had leveled out and flown for almost 5 minutes before beginning its spiral descent. That the return of only part of the Black Box tapes which exclude the actual capabilities of KAL 007 to maintain controlled flight was intentional and deceptive is suggested by the following:

'''1.''' '''Both components of the black box - the Cockpit Voice Recorder (CVR) and the Digital Flight Data Recorder (DFDR) - were operating after the missile detonation.'''

'''2.''' '''There is no evidence of impairment of the electrical system''' (High Frequency broadcast by KAL 007 to Japanese ground control after detonation of missile and all four engines reported by co-pilot to pilot to be operating normally.)

'''3.''' '''Both recorders "stopped" minutes prior to any conjectured aerial mishap that might have damaged the Black Box''' (substantiated by both radar tracking and military real-time communications). ICAO notes that the cessation of recordings occurring 1 minute and 44 seconds after missile detonation is consonant with a high speed impact while it also maintains that there was no impact at that time. There is no reconciliation of data supplied or suggestion as to what else might have caused the cessation of recording. (ICAO Report, 1993, pg. 30, paragraph 1.14.3.5.4)

'''4.''' '''Both recorders, with electric lines on opposite sites of the fuselage and with separate points of attachments to their respective instruments, "stopped working" at precisely the same second''' - an incredible unlikelihood. ICAO '93 analysis notes no known reason for this to have happened.

===="Last Words" contradiction====
Cockpit Voice Recorder tapes end, most often,with the successful flight arriving at the ramp of the airport of destination, or end recording the flight deck human agony and horror at impending catastrophe.
The last words heard on the CVR tape are - '''18:27:20: "Now... We have to set this. 18:27:23: speed 18:27:26: Stand by, stand by, stand by, stand by, set!"'''

These words are in stark contrast to the common types of last words uttered as an aircraft is about to crash, bringing to the fore the question, "Why did the Soviets not hand over the rest of the tapes recording the rest of KAL 007's flight?":

'''US Air Flight 427
September 8, 1994'''—Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Flight 427, for reasons still unknown, has turned over onto its back and in another 16 seconds will hit the ground.
'''Copilot:''''' Oh, sh-t.'' '''Captain:''' ''Hang on. What the h-ll is this?'' '''Cabin:'''
[Sound of stick shaker vibrations indicating imminent stall; sound of altitude alert.] '''Captain:''' ''What the…'' '''Copilot:''' ''Oh…'' '''Captain''':'' Oh God, Oh God..'''''Approach:''' ''USAir''.''' Captain''':'' Four twenty-seven, emergency!'' '''Co-pilot''': ''[Screams.]''''' Captain:''' ''Pull.'' '''Copilot:''''' Oh...'''''Captain''': ''Pull… pull…'' '''Copilot''': ''God…'' '''Captain''':[Screams.]'' '''Copilot''': ''No...''

End of tape.

'''Yukla 27
September 22, 1995'''—Elmendorf Air Force Base, Alaska
Immediately upon takeoff, Yukla 27, an Air Force Boeing 707 configured as a radar E-3A, took several Canadian geese in engines one and two, disintegrating fan blades. All 24 aboard were lost in the ensuing crash.

'''Cabin''': ''Yukla Two Seven heavy’s [indicating large or wide-bodied plane] coming back around for an emergency return. Lower the nose. Lower the nose.''

'''Tower''': Two Seven heavy, roger.

'''Captain:''''' Goin’ down.''

'''Copilot''': ''Oh my God.''

'''Captain''': ''Oh sh-t.''

'''Copilot:''' ''Okay, give it all you got, give it all you got. Two Seven heavy, emergency…''

'''Tower''':'' Roll the crash [equipment] roll the crash—''

'''Copilot:''' [Over public address system] ''Crash [landing]!''

'''Captain''': ''We’re going in. We’re going down.''

End of Tape.

'''Atlantic Southeast Airlines Flight 529
August 21, 1995'''—Carrolton, Georgia
21 minutes into its flight, Flight 529's left engine has fallen apart or exploded. Parts of the propeller blades are wedged against the wing and the front part of the cowling is destroyed. The captain and seven passengers will die. The copilot will survive with burns over 80% of his body.

'''Captain'''. [To copilot]'' Help me. Help me hold it. Help me hold it. Help me hold it.''

'''Cabin''': [Vibrating sound of the stick shaker starts warning of stall.]

'''Copilot''': ''Amy, I love you.''

'''Cabin''': [Sound of ''grunting''; sound of impact.]

End of tape.

(The Black Box, Malcom MacPherson (ed.) Quill William Morrow, New York: 1998)

These authentic last words coming from the flight decks of aircraft about to crash are in stark contrast to the "last words" coming from the Soviet recovered and retained and Russian Federation supplied tapes, "Now... We have to set this. Speed, stand by, stand by, stand by, stand by, set!"

===The Soviet Black Box Deception II: The Black Box itself===
The Soviets handed over only one minute and 44 seconds of the Black Box tapes. Both the Cockpit Voice Recorder and Digital Flight Data Recorder tapes which should have continued functioning until the end of the flight, whether by termination of the flight or by a crash, had "ceased simultaneously" (ICAO '93, 1.14.3.10.13). ICAO analysis of the Russian Federation supplied Black Box itself concluded that the damage to it "might have resulted from a high speed water impact" (1.14.3.4.2). But the conjectured "high speed water impact" would have been at or after the documented 12 minutes post attack flight, and not at one minute and 44 seconds after missile detonation. The possible "high speed water impact" can not explain, then, the fact that the tapes ceased at 1 minute and 44 seconds. The rest of the tapes would have documented what the Soviet high command saw on their screens, as shown by the Soviet military communications handed to ICAO by the Russian Federation - KAL 007 regaining control, maintaining level flight at 16, 242 ft, turning, and descending in a spiral around Moneron Island. Why had the rest of the tapes not been returned by the Soviets and where are they now?

There are credible but as yet unconfirmed reports of survivors in the former Soviet Union, including Congressman Larry McDonald.<ref>http://www.rescue007.org/faq.htm#10</ref><ref>http://www.rescue007.org/survivors_of_kal_007.htm</ref> Jewish immigrants to Israel from the former Soviet Union reported seeing survivors from the flight. According to reports, most of the adult passengers ended up in labor camps, while the children were adopted out and absorbed into Soviet society. Congressman McDonald was interrogated in Lubyanka Prison in Moscow for a time before he too was sent to forced labor. [[Image:McDonald- Computer Aged.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Computer aged picture of McDonald till 1995 shown to wardens of Temir Tau, Kazakhstan prison where they identified McDonald as having been a former "probable prisoner". Note the scar running from the left nostril to corner of mouth. For subsequent tracking of McDonald, see [http://www.rescue007.org/faq.htm#10]]]

==Senator Jesse Helms and the POW and KAL 007 Connection==
On December 5, 1991, Senator Helms wrote to Boris Yeltsin concerning U.S. servicemen who were POWs or MIAs,

<blockquote>
"The status of thousands and thousands of American servicemen who are held by Soviet and other Communist forces, and who were never repatriated after every major war this century, is of grave concern to the American people."</blockquote>

Yeltsin would ultimately respond with a statement made on June 15, 1992, while being interviewed aboard his presidential jet on his way to the United States:

<blockquote>
"Our archives have shown that it is true — some of them were transferred to the territory of the U.S.S.R. and were kept in labor camps... We can only surmise that some of them may still be alive."
</blockquote>

On December 10, just five days after Senator Helms had written Yeltsin concerning American servicemen, he again wrote to Yeltsin, this time concerning KAL 007:

<blockquote>
"One of the greatest tragedies of the Cold War was the shoot-down of the Korean Airlines flight KAL-007 by the Armed Forces of what was then the Soviet Union on September 1, 1983. . . The KAL-007 tragedy was one of the most tense incidences of the entire Cold War. However, now that relations between our two nations have improved substantially, I believe that it is time to resolve the mysteries surrounding this event. Clearing the air on this issue could help further to improve relations."</blockquote>

Helms appended to this letter the following interrogatories:

<blockquote>
From Soviet reports of the incident, please provide:
# A list of the names of any living passengers and crew members from the airplane;
# A list of missing passengers and crew;
# A list of dead passengers and crew;
# A list and explanation of what happened to the bodies of any dead passengers and crew;
</blockquote>

<blockquote>
Please provide detailed information on the fate of U.S. Congressman Larry McDonald.
# How many KAL-007 family members and crew are being held in Soviet camps?
# Please provide a detailed list of the camps containing live passengers and crew, together with a map showing their location
</blockquote>

Senator Helms' letter to Yeltsin was prompted, according to the Chief of Staff under Helms for the Minority Staff of the Committee on Foreign Relations, Rear Admiral Bud Nance, by the information from Israel, apparently verified by the CIA, concerning KAL 007 [http://www.rescue007.org/nance_letter.htm]

This short period in the presidency of Boris Yeltsin evidenced a relative openness toward the United States, a window of opportunity which would shut tight with the ascendancy of Vladimir Putin. Added to KAL 007 and the American POW matters, Yeltsin had exhibited openness in his acknowledgment that the plague that had struck Sverdlovsk on April 9, 1979 causing death to humans and livestock had not been due, as the Soviets had long claimed, to a rampant cow disease, but to a mishap at a military biological facility which released deadly anthrax into the atmosphere.

===The Russian Black Box Acknowledgement===
The Yeltsin "thaw" and the window of opportunity for the U.S. saw the following developments:

'''On March 24, 1992''', Soviet Defense Minister Dmitri Ustinov admitted on Russian television that he had ordered an all-out effort to retrieve the [[flight recorder|black boxes]] in order to "prevent the United States from finding them and to save the Soviet Union from a flurry of international accusations for destroying a civilian airliner"

'''June 17, 1992''', Yeltsin revealed the existence of a KGB memo reporting the existence of documents related to KAL 007. Speaking in Washington, Yeltsin said,

<blockquote>
"It was a memorandum from (the) KGB to the Central Committee of the Communist Party where it says that such a tragedy has taken place, and so on and so forth, and that there are documents which would clarify the entire picture. And the next line then says these documents are so well concealed that it is doubtful that our children will be able to find them, those who come after us will be able to find them."('''UPI, Washington, June 17, 1992)
</blockquote>

'''On October 14, 1992 ''' a delegation from the American Association For Families of KAL 007 Victims visited Moscow at the invitation of President Boris Yeltsin. During a State ceremony at St. Catherine's Hall in the Kremlin. The KAL 007 Family Delegation was handed a portfolio containing partial transcripts from the KAL007 Cockpit Voice Recorder .

'''November, 1992''', President Boris Yeltsin handed the two Black Box containers to Korean President TohTae-Woo -but not the tapes themselves at the end of the plenary session of the Korean National Assembly with this statement, "We apologize for the tragedy and are trying to settle some unsolved issues."

'''January 8, 1993'''. The tapes themselves would be handed to ICAO. They would be deciphered and transcribed by the "Bureau d'Enquete et d'Analyses" (BEA) in Paris in the presence of representatives from Japan, The Russian Federation, South Korea,and the United States. And so the long years of Soviet denial had come to an end with the handing over of the tapes (but not all!) of KAL 007's Digital Flight Data Recorder and Cockpit Voice Recorder (See - [http://www.rescue007.org/docs/Is%20This%20the%20Final%20Word.pdf])

===Senator Jesse Helms, KAL 015, and the Grenfell children===
[[Image:Senator Jesse helms.jpg|Jesse Helms|right|thumb|450px]]
[[Image:Grenfell3.jpg|Stacy Marie|left|thumb|150px]][[Image:Grenfell2.jpg|Noelle Anne|left|thumb|100px]]

Senator Helms, along with Senator Steven Symms of Idaho and Congressman Carroll Hubbard Jr. of Kentucky, had traveled on KAL 015 fifteen minutes behind KAL 007, and had stopped at Anchorage airport, as did Larry McDonald on KAL 007, and had gotten off KAL 015. McDonald did not get off. Reports indicate that Helms had contemplated changing to KAL 007 to be with him but decided against it. That near miss must have stayed with him as the outcome of the flight became apparent as KAL 015 arrived at Seoul Airport and KAL 007 did not. As he attended the 30th Year celebration of the U.S. Mutual Defense Treaty - and Larry Mcdonald did not. As the reports from Israel of survivors would come to his office 8 years later. As he would write to Yeltsin. As Yeltsin would comply with all the requests that Helms had made of him - excepting the fate of the passengers and crew, and especially, the sought after information about Larry McDonald.

One thing Helms could not forget and would speak of often, and mention in his letter to Boris Yeltsin, was a meeting at Anchorage airport while both KAL 007 and KAL 015 were taking on fuel for the next leg of the trip, a meeting that he had with two child passengers, Noel Anne Grenfell, aged 5, and her sister Stacy Marie, aged 3.<ref>http://www.rescue007.org/grenfells.htm</ref>

<blockquote>
"I’ll never forget that night when that plane was just beside ours at Anchorage airport with two little girls and their parents. I taught them, among other things, to say I love you in deaf language, and the last thing they did when they turned the corner was stick up their little hands and tell me they loved me. I’ll never forget that, and I know you won’t."
</blockquote>

==Who ordered the shoot-down==
[[Image:Tretyak.jpg|General Ivan Moseivich Tretyak
Used with permission, www.peoples.ru “Weapons were used, weapons authorized at the highest level. Ivan Moiseevich authorized it. Hello, hello.”,“Say again.”,“I cannot hear you clearly now.”,“He gave the order. Hello, hello, hello.”,“Yes, yes.”,“Ivan Moseivich gave the order, Tretyak.”,“Roger, roger.”,“Weapons were used at his order.”|right|thumb|150px]]

Who ordered the shootdown on the Soviet military side is fairly well known and on the political side, the lines leading up to the General Secretary of the Communist Party and head of the Soviet Union Yuri Andropov, can confidently be conjectured by "working up" the Soviet hierarchical system of command.

'''General Anatoli Kornukov''', the Commander of Sokol Air Base on Sakhalin was the "tactical" commander of the shootdown and subordinate to the "strategic" commander of the shootdown - General [[Valeri Kamensky]] (General Kornukov would later become head of the Russian Air Force).

'''General Kamensky''' was the Commander of the Soviet Far East Air Defence forces and would have informed both

'''General Ivan Moseivich Tretyak''' <ref>http://www.rescue007.org/rescue.htm</ref> his direct superior and Commander of the Soviet Far East Military District as his direct commander, and informed the Commander-in Chief of Air Defense Forces at the National Command Center in Kalinin. This was '''Gen. Alexandr Koldunov'''. (Maj. Victor Belenko, who served in one of the units that brought 007 down, but who had defected to Japan in his MiG 25 in 1976, says that at the first intrusion of KAL 007 over Kamchatka, Gen. Kamensky would already have informed his superior at the National Command Center at Kalinin and the intruder would have been tracked on the screen there until it had left Soviet territory).

As this was an emergency, the Commander in Chief of Soviet Air Forces (VVS), '''Chief Marshal of Aviation Pavel Kutakhov''' would have been informed.

As the test of the illegal (Salt ll) SS-25 had been planned for that night with the missile coming down on the Klyuchi target range of Kamchatka<ref>http://www.rescue007.org/how_kal_007_was_lost.htm</ref> - where KAL 007 was to traverse in its first intrusion of Soviet territory- the head of the First Directorate of Strategic Concealment (Maskirovka), '''First Deputy Chief of Staff Marshal Sergei Akhromeyev''' would have been present for any decision.

Further, '''Chief of the Soviet General Staff and First Deputy Minister of Defense Nikolai Ogarkov''' would have been in on any decision and would have informed his immediate superior and link with the Political echelon, '''Minister of Defense Dmitri Ustinov'''.

It is then that '''Yuri Andropov''' would have been in position for decision for shootdown.

The telecommunications for this linkage up the Military and then Political chain of command would have been effected well within the hours starting at the first intrusion into Soviet controlled airspace - 1551 GMT (Missile detonation was at 18:26:02 GMT).

==Conclusions and Aftermath==
*The "black boxes" that were the data flight recorder and the cockpit voice recorder were hidden away for nearly ten years after their recovery by the Soviets, during which time they employed their own spin as to the nature of the flight. So damning was the black box evidence against them that they had hoped it would never see the light of day. Even Mikhail Gorbachev during his period of "glasnost" ("openness") kept assuring investigators that the black boxes did not exist.

*On December 10, 1992 Senator Jesse Helms wrote to Russian president [[Boris Yeltsin]].

"One of the greatest tragedies of the Cold War," he wrote, "was the shoot-down of the Korean Airlines Flight 007 by the Armed Forces of what was then the Soviet Union on September 1, 1983. . . The KAL-007 tragedy was one of the most tense incidences of the entire Cold War. However, now that relations between our two nations have improved substantially, I believe that it is time to resolve the mysteries surrounding this event. Clearing the air on this issue could help further to improve relations.<ref>http://www.rescue007.org/helms_letter.htm</ref>" At about the same time a military memo boasting of the secret would make its way into Yeltsin's hands, leading to the discovery of the black boxes as well as the top secret reports about them by the Soviet Defense Ministry. Yeltsin would ultimately respond on January 8, 1993 by handing over to the International Civil Aviation Organization what the Russians had for so many years denied possessing: the tapes of the KAL 007's "Black Box" (its Digital Flight Data Recorder and Cockpit Voice Recorder).<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20010919141246/www.insightmag.com/archive/200104171.shtml</ref><ref>http://www.jamesoberg.com/russian/kal007.html</ref>

*Previous to the shootdown, the Reagan Administration was far from assured that the Administration supported NATO deployment of Cruise and Pershing II missiles in West Germany, just 6–10 minutes flight to Moscow, would go through. After the shootdown, deployment was assured and remained in effect until the accords with Mikhail Gorbachev allowed for their withdrawal. The shootdown can thus be seen as one of the main incidences leading to the confrontational Reagan policy in the "Second Cold War" which played its part in the backdown and demise of the Soviet Union.

*As a result of the perceived cause of KAL 007's flight deviation ([[Inertial Navigation System]]), President Reagan authorized the hitherto strictly military use of the [[Global Positioning System]] (GPS) for civilian use. The GPS is now used extensively for civilian passenger flights and for vehicular land travel.

* '''The immortal words of former UN Ambassador Jeanne Kirkpatrick's deputy Charles Lichenstein''': Shortly after the Soviet Union shot down KAL 007, legislatures in New York and New Jersey denied Soviet aircraft landing rights. Some at the UN raised the question of whether that body should remove from the United States. And Lichenstein, fed up and in no mood for "diplomacy," said, "We will put no impediment in your way. The members of the US mission to the United Nations will be down at the dockside waving you a fond farewell as you sail off into the sunset."

*The attempted landing of KAL 007 with the reported survival rate of zero percent presents the following anamoly: it would be the only documented incident, in all of aviation history, of an intentional water landing of a passenger plane, under any emergency situation, where there have been no survivors. See [[Water Ditching]], [[Miracle on the Hudson and KAL 007]], and [[Passenger Plane Crashes at Sea]]

Korean Airlines Flight 007 was a victim of the Cold War, a flight that had possibly simply gone off course in the wrong place and at the wrong time. Careless discrepancies by the plane's pilot combined with Soviet paranoia helped to end, reportedly, the lives of 269 passengers and crew.

==Passenger and Crew Breakdown ==
Republic of Korea 105, United States 62, Japan 28, Taiwan 23 Philippines 16, Hong Kong 12, Canada 8, Thailand 5, Australia 2, United Kingdom 2, Dominican Republic 1, India 1, Islamic Republic of Iran 1, Malaysia 1, Sweden 1, Vietnam 1 (ICAO '93, 1.3, Pg. 6).
[[Image:Sammy ariadej.jpg|Sammy Ariadej. 8 months old at the time of boarding KAL 007 with his mother Diane to meet the family of his father Lek in Thailand. See [http://www.rescue007.org/ariyadej.htm] for full write-up|right|thumb|130px]][[Image:Alfredo Cruz and Exie.jpg|Passenger Alfredo Cruz with daughter Exie Cruz Schlossberg. Alfredo was on his way to the Philippines to attend the funeral of his mother. See [http://www.rescue007.org/alfredo_cruz.htm] for full write-up|left|thumb|160px]]

[[Image:Unidentified.jpg|unidentified passenger|150px]][[Image:Unknown1.jpg|unidentified passenger|200px]]

See [http://www.rescue007.org/passengers.htm] for breakdown of identities, with photos and stories by relatives and friends, for passengers, flight crew, flight attendants, security (air marshals), and deadheaders (repositioning KAL employees). See [http://www.rescue007.org/passenger_photos.htm] for photos of passengers who had boarded the plane but who have not been linked to passenger list and remain unidentified.

==Further reading==
*Dallin, Alexander. ''Black Box: KAL 007 and the Superpowers'', University of California Press, Berkeley, CA (1985)
*Hersh, Seymour M. ''The Target is Destroyed'', Vintage, New York (1987)
*[http://www.rescue007.org/book.htm Schlossberg, Bert. Rescue 007: The Untold Story of KAL 007 and its Survivors, Xlibris Corporation, Philadelphia, PA (2001)]
*[http://foia.fbi.gov/flight/flight1.pdf FBI files on the incident obtained via the Fredom of Information Act]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20010919141246/www.insightmag.com/archive/200104171.shtml Timothy W. Maier's article "KAL 007 Mystery", from ''Insight Magazine'']
*[http://www.geocities.com/struwwellpeter/cvr.htm Transcript of the cockpit voice recorder]
*[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,926169,00.html "Atrocity in the Skies", ''Time'' Magazine, September 12, 1983]
*[http://www.rescue007.org/docs/CIAReport.pdf "CIA" report, suggesting the plane did not crash and the survivors were interned]
*[http://amzn.to/2cgv764 The Cold War, KAL-007 & Communism: Intelligence Secrets Revealed]
*Solovev, Vladimir, and Klepikove, Elena. ''Behind the High Kremlin Walls'', Dodd Mead, New York (1986). ISBN 0396087108

==See also==
*[[Mass killings under Communist regimes]]
*[[The KAL 007 related Soviet/ U.S naval confrontation]]
*[[KAL 007: Soviet stalk, shoot down, and rescue mission orders transcripts]]
*[[KAL 007: the Russian Federation support for a water landing]]
*[[Soviet diver to KAL 007 says no bodies, no luggage]]
*[[Soviet deception in the search for KAL 007: a seaman's testimony]]
*[[The Soviet's Deception of the Location of KAL 007's Water Landing]]
*[[Essay: The KAL 007 Survivor Anecdotes]]
*[[U.S. Intelligence on KAL 007's Intrusion into Soviet Territory and the Shoot down]]
*[[KAL 007: Soviet stalk, shoot down, and rescue mission orders transcripts]], Soviet real-time military communications and U.S./Japanese electronic intercepts
*[[KAL 007: Timeline of Events, Russian Regime changes, and Investigations]]
*[[KAL 007: Its Deviated Flight Until Attack]]
*[[Inertial Navigation System]]
*[[KAL 007: Timeline of Interception and Shootdown]]
*[[Attack on KAL 007: From Inside]]
*[[KAL 007/ Russian Ram attempt]] first person narrative of what it was like
*[[KAL 007: The Russian Explanations for the Missing Bodies]]
*[[KAL 007 and the Soviet Top Secret Memos]]
*[[KAL 007 on the Water: a sighting]]
*[[KAL 007:Floating Shoes]]
*[[Water Ditching]]
*[[Passenger Plane Crashes at Sea]]
*[[Essay: KAL 007 Survivors and Gulags of Russia]]
*[[Soviet Officers of KAL 007 Shootdown]]
*[[Ronald Reagan's speech on KAL 007]]
*[[The Stavitski Account]]
*[[KAL 007: Survivor reports and whereabouts]]
*[[Jesse Helms]]
*[[Jesse Helms: A Tribute]]
*[[History Channel Documentary on KAL 007: a critical review]] A study in Media misrepresentation
*[[Miracle on the Hudson and KAL 007]]
*[[A Tracking of KAL 007 to Water: An Interview]] The first former Soviet military debriefing report sent from Israel to Senator [[Jesse Helms]]
*[[Wikipedia prejudice and KAL 007]]
*[[Anatoly Kornukov]]
*''[[The Zero Option]]'' A 2009 novel based partly on the findings of the International Committee for the Rescue of KAL 007 Survivors [http://www.rescue007.org/] - the tracking and rescue of Congressman Larry McDonald
*[[Moneron Island]]
*[[Sakhalin]]
*[[The Soviet/ U.S naval confrontation]]
*[[KAL 007: A short summary of evidences]]
*[[Avraham Shifrin: KAL 007 Researcher/ An Essay]]
*[[Korean Air]]

==References==
<references/>
==External links==
*[http://bertschlossberg.blogspot.com/2012/11/lawrence-patton-mcdonald-b_15.html A Forgotten Man: Congressman Larry McDonald]
*[http://www.jamesoberg.com/russian/kal007.html "KAL 007: The Real Story", article by James Oberg, ''American Spectator'' Magazine, October 1993]
*[http://www.rescue007.org/ Page devoted to the flight and to the possibility that there may have been imprisoned survivors]
*[http://users.rcn.com/lana.interport/link/colonel.html Interview with Gennadi Osipovich, the pilot who shot down the plane (December 9, 1996)]
*[http://ase.arc.nasa.gov/people/asaf/aviation_safety/pdf/Crash%20of%20Korean%20Air%20Lines%20Flight%20007.pdf NASA report on autopilot error]
*[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0CE2DA1E30F935A15752C0A962958260 Obituary of Soviet Marshal Ogarkov]
*[http://www.rescue007.org/ The website of the International Committee for the Rescue of KAL 007 Survivors]
*[http://www.airliners.net/articles/read.main?id=77 Article at Airliners.net]
*[http://www.airliners.net/articles/ All eight of the Airliners.net articles about KAL 007 are accessed from this page]
*[http://www.rescue007.org/documentary_review.htm Critique of History Channel documentary on KAL 007]
*[http://www.aim.org/publications/weekly_column/2001/11/01.html AIM column on KAL 007 - "Let's Ask Putin"]
*[http://www.aim.org/publications/aim_report/2001/21.html AIM Column on KAL 007 - "Put it to Putin" Accuracy in Media article prior to AIM petition to Russian Embassy in Washington]
*[http://www.aim.org/publications/weekly_column/2001/11/16.html AIM column on KAL 007 - "Questions for President Putin"]
*[http://www.aim.org/aim-report/hold-russia-accountable-for-kal-007-shootdown/ New AIM report on KAL 007 "Hold Russia Accountable For KAL 007 Shootdown"]
*[https://www.thenewamerican.com/history/world/270-kal-flight-007-remembered "KAL Flight 007 Remembered" New American Magazine]
*[http://www.airliners.net/aviation-articles/read.main?id=132 The 25th Anniversary of KAL 007, Airliners.com]
*[http://sterett.net/public/kal_007_search_ops.htm USS Sterett: First hand account of US-Soviet naval oonfrontation with real-time photos]
*[http://www.jacksjoint.com/munro_kal-007.htm USCGC Munro and the Korean Airliner (KAL 007)]
*[https://www.thenewamerican.com/index.php/history/world/1799 "Unresolved Questions Surround KAL 007" New American Magazine]
*[https://www.thenewamerican.com/index.php/history/american/4475-larry-mcdonald-an-american-hero-remembered "Larry McDonald - An American Hero Remembered", New American Magazine]
===Video Links===

*[https://www.youtube.com/user/rescueKAL007#p/a/FD3DE4F0642C350C/0/1c8v-kgLvhM KAL 007 intro/Larry McDonald on Crossfire in 1983]
*[https://www.youtube.com/user/rescueKAL007 YOUTUBE presentation on KAL 007 and mystery]
*[http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-7214790644390578276&q=kal+007&total=9&start=0&num=10&so=0&type=search&plindex=4 President Reagan's address to the country, September 5, 1983]
*[http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-632341558732857585&q=kal+007&total=9&start=0&num=10&so=0&type=search&plindex=2 CNN archives on KAL 007]
*[http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-4136846576945143477&q=kal+007&total=9&start=0&num=10&so=0&type=search&plindex=0 Discovery Channel program "Unsolved History: Flight KAL 007"]
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YglShO6ChW0&feature=related KAL 007 Search and Recovery Operations USS Sterett CG 31 1983]

[[Category:KAL007]]
[[Category:Aviation]]
[[Category:Cold War]]
[[Category:Featured articles]]

User talk:Minuteman

2022-03-05T00:39:00Z

FresnoCA: == Account unfrozen == My account is working now, Have a blessed day! FresnoCA 19:35, March 4, 2022 (EST)

User talk:Minuteman

2022-03-05T00:35:55Z

FresnoCA: Thank You!

== RandomUser34 ==
He did mass trolling/spam/vandalism/plagiarism, more than I have ever seen before in Conservapedia. He should be banned forever; he needs to be accountable for his trolling/spam/vandalism/plagiarism. Thanks. --'''United States''' 14:39, 5 December 2020 (EST)

:He's already been dealt with; I blocked him a moment ago and he's toast here. [[User:Northwest|Northwest]] ([[User talk:Northwest|talk]]) 14:41, 5 December 2020 (EST)

::Minuteman only blocks for short periods of time, just to give the admins time to deal with the issue. It does not permanently block users by itself...that needs human review. Thank you Northwest for dealing with this user. --[[User:DavidB4|DavidB4]] ([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]]) 15:03, 5 December 2020 (EST)

:::Yes, thanks Northwest! --[[User:United States|United States]] ([[User talk:United States|talk]]) 15:04, 5 December 2020 (EST)

== Account unfrozen ==

I wrote the following justification explanation for the edit that froze my account: ({{See also|Emergencies Act (Canada)}} Page successfully moved. This page was wiped to prevent parallel articles.)
I am sorry, I did not mean to trigger any alarms, see both [[Emergencies Act (Canada)]] and edit history of [[Emergencies Act]] for more context.

My account is working now, Have a blessed day! FresnoCA 19:35, March 4, 2022 (EST)

User talk:Minuteman

2022-03-05T00:33:27Z

FresnoCA: /* User:FresnoCA */

== RandomUser34 ==
He did mass trolling/spam/vandalism/plagiarism, more than I have ever seen before in Conservapedia. He should be banned forever; he needs to be accountable for his trolling/spam/vandalism/plagiarism. Thanks. --'''United States''' 14:39, 5 December 2020 (EST)

:He's already been dealt with; I blocked him a moment ago and he's toast here. [[User:Northwest|Northwest]] ([[User talk:Northwest|talk]]) 14:41, 5 December 2020 (EST)

::Minuteman only blocks for short periods of time, just to give the admins time to deal with the issue. It does not permanently block users by itself...that needs human review. Thank you Northwest for dealing with this user. --[[User:DavidB4|DavidB4]] ([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]]) 15:03, 5 December 2020 (EST)

:::Yes, thanks Northwest! --[[User:United States|United States]] ([[User talk:United States|talk]]) 15:04, 5 December 2020 (EST)

== Account frozen ==

I wrote the following justification explanation for the edit that froze my account: ({{See also|Emergencies Act (Canada)}} Page successfully moved. This page was wiped to prevent parallel articles.)
I am sorry, I did not mean to trigger any alarms, see both [[Emergencies Act (Canada)]] and edit history of [[Emergencies Act]] for more context. Have a great day! Fresnoca 19:32, March 4, 2022 (EST)

User talk:Minuteman

2022-03-05T00:29:41Z

FresnoCA: /* User:FresnoCA */ new section

== RandomUser34 ==
He did mass trolling/spam/vandalism/plagiarism, more than I have ever seen before in Conservapedia. He should be banned forever; he needs to be accountable for his trolling/spam/vandalism/plagiarism. Thanks. --'''United States''' 14:39, 5 December 2020 (EST)

:He's already been dealt with; I blocked him a moment ago and he's toast here. [[User:Northwest|Northwest]] ([[User talk:Northwest|talk]]) 14:41, 5 December 2020 (EST)

::Minuteman only blocks for short periods of time, just to give the admins time to deal with the issue. It does not permanently block users by itself...that needs human review. Thank you Northwest for dealing with this user. --[[User:DavidB4|DavidB4]] ([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]]) 15:03, 5 December 2020 (EST)

:::Yes, thanks Northwest! --[[User:United States|United States]] ([[User talk:United States|talk]]) 15:04, 5 December 2020 (EST)

== User:FresnoCA ==

({{See also|Emergencies Act (Canada)}} Page successfully moved. This page was wiped to prevent parallel articles.)
Sorry, I did not mean to trigger any alarms, see both [[Emergencies Act (Canada)]] and edit history of [[Emergencies Act]] for context. Have a great day!

Emergencies Act

2022-03-05T00:24:57Z

FresnoCA: {{See also|Emergencies Act (Canada)}} Page successfully moved. This page was wiped to prevent parallel articles.

#REDIRECT [[Emergencies Act (Canada)]]
{{See also|Emergencies Act (Canada)}}

KAL 007 and the Soviet Top Secret Memos

2022-03-05T00:18:31Z

FresnoCA: /* See also */ Caitalization

In 1992, [[Russia]]n president [[Boris Yeltsin]] disclosed five top-secret memos dating from late 1983, within weeks of the downing of [[Korean Airlines Flight 007]]. These memos were published in the Russian news magazine, Izvestia #228, October 16, 1992, shortly after being made public. They are highly significant in showing the attitude of the Soviet leadership towards the [[United States|US]], the [[United Nations|UN]], its [[International Civil Aviation Organization]] (ICAO) and this flight.

In these memos, there is an acknowledgement, contrary to public statements, that the Soviet interceptors made no attempt to contact KAL 007 on the international emergency radio frequency, nor did they fire warning tracer shots. The final memo, to Soviet Premier Yuri Andropov, by Defence Minister Dmitri Ustinov and KGB Head Victor Chebrikov, confirms that the Soviets intentionally deceived the US and Japan as to the fact that they had retrieved the Black Boxes from KAL Flight 007 and that they had decided consciously to keep them secret from the rest of the world.

These original sources giving a glimpse behind the curtain, a sense of the minds behind the Soviet deception of the United States in the shootdown of KAL 007, a deception that successfully deluded the world into the belief that the Soviets had not gotten the black box, that they had no idea where KAL 007 had gone down, and producing the impression.that passengers surviving the shootdown could only be ludicrous.

'''Bold print''' is the present editor's ([[User:BertSchlossberg]]) emphasis.

'''First Memo'''
Top-secret

To Comrade Yu. V. Andropov

Following the fall into the Sea of Japan on 1 September this year of a South Korean airplane that intruded into Soviet airspace in the regions of Kamchatka and Sakhalin Island, a search for the plane's digital recorders was undertaken by forces of the Pacific Naval Flotilla. The equipment was needed for a more precise determination of the objectives of the airplane's incursion into our airspace.

The search was conducted in several areas at a depth of 100 to 300 meters. In the course of the search, combat and supportive naval vessels, numbering up to 40, were used along with vessels of the Ministry of Gas Industry and the Ministry of Fishing.

The search was conducted under circumstances complicated by similar operations and surveillance of our vessels by more than 20 ships and other vessels, as well as numerous aircraft of various types, from the US and Japan.

On 20 October this year at the point with coordinates N46°33′E141°19′ (located in the international waters at a distance of 8 kilometers from Soviet territorial waters) the fuselage and the cabin of the South Korean airplane were located at a depth of 180 meters.

In the third decade of October this year the equipment in question (the recorder of in-flight parameters and the recorder of voice communications by the flight crew with ground air traffic surveillance stations and between themselves) was brought aboard a search vessel and forwarded to Moscow by air for decoding and translation at the Air Force Scientific Research Institute.

Work on the equipment is being conducted by the Ministry of Defense with the KGB of the USSR under a regime of secrecy. At present there is no data at our disposal indicating that any information on the salvage and dispatch of the said equipment to Moscow has been available to the Intelligence Community of the US and Japan.

'''Simulated search efforts in the Sea of Japan are being performed by our vessels at present in order to disinform the US and Japan.''' These activities will be discontinued in accordance with a specific plan.

Findings resulting from the translation of the flight crew's voice and the decoding of the in-flight parameters as well as analysis, interpretation of the information and recommendations as to implications will be reported immediately upon completion of the work.

D. Ustinov, V.Chebrikov

November 1983

'''Second Memo:'''
Secret

NOTES ON ANALYSIS OF PARAMETERS REGISTERED ON THE TAPE OF DIGITAL FLIGHT DATA RECORDER FROM THE SOUTH KOREAN AIRPLANE, A BOEING-747-200 B

The tape of the flight data recorder contains 18 analog, in-flight variable parameters, 14 linear parameters registered in the form of a line and 19 one-time commands.

(1) The 18 parameters that have been played back and deciphered include:

- Nine parameters indicating fight trajectory and angular positions of the airplane (fine altitude, coarse altitude, radio altimeter, airspeed, pitch attitude, roll attitude, magnetic heading, vertical and longitudinal acceleration);

- Seven parameters indicating control systems (flaps, yaw control (1), pitch control (4) and roll control (1));

- Two parameters indicating engine pressure.

The above parameters have been a basis for specifying the path, mode and profile of the flight.

(2) The 14 linear parameters have not been recognized. During cruise as well as landing in the previous leg of the flight, take-off in the last flight, and in the flight section, which follows missile detonation, a constant rate of signal was registered for all these parameters (no change of signal rate was registered).

While, on the one hand, the above-mentioned hinders recognition of these parameters by their physical content without reference to a technical guide to the flight data recorder (system functional manual), on the other hand, it signifies that these parameters do not provide important information regarding path, mode and profile of the flight of the South Korean airplane.

(3) Ten of the nineteen one-time commands registered by the flight data recorder have been deciphered. On the basis of the deciphered one-time commands an assumption has been made about the functioning of VHF and HF radio stations (5 one-time commands), initiation of autopilot (4 one-time commands) and decompression of the passenger cabin after missile detonation. Nine one-time commands have not been recognized.

For analysis of the unrecognized data a technical manual for the flight data recorder from the airplane in question is necessary.

Lieutenant-General-Engineer TICHOMIROV

28 November 1983

'''Third Memo'''
Top-secret

CONCLUSIONS BY THE GROUP OF EXPERTS OF THE DEFENSE MINISTRY, KGB OF THE USSR AND MINISTRY OF AEROSPACE INDUSTRY

The Group of Experts consisting of specialists representing Defense Ministry, KGB of the USSR and Ministry of Aerospace Industry has completed work on the analysis of parameters deciphered from the tapes of the flight data and voice recorders of the South Korean airplane, a Boeing 747 which intruded into the airspace of the USSR and was shot down over Sakhalin Island on 1 September 1983.

(Enclosure # 4) [sic. Enclosure not available. Ed.]

In the course of work a few specialists from the navigation service as well as other services of Ministry of Aerospace Industry and Ministry of Civil Aviation has been consulted on specific issues.

THE ANALYSIS HAS REVEALED THE FOLLOWING

The continuation of flight of above mentioned airplane from the start of taxi at the airport in Anchorage till its termination is 5 hours 26 minutes and 18 seconds. From 0 hours 4 minutes 18 seconds in the flight and an altitude of 1450 meters the command of the airplane was carried out by autopilot set in a constant magnetic heading of 249° automatic stabilization mode without connection of the Inertial Navigation System [INS] to the autopilot. (INS command mode is required for transoceanic flights). The flight level of the airplane was progressively 9450, 10050 and 10650 meters and the airspeed was 910-920 kilometers per hour.

INS operability within the full-time of the flight is confirmed by regular reports of the crew on wind force and direction available only from INS information during transoceanic flight. Another confirmation of INS operability is regular reports by the crew to ATC [Air Traffic Control] on estimated and allegedly exact time of passing the compulsory reporting points along the international airway which, according to the reports, the airplane followed. The time of passing waypoints (also confirmed by information published by the US State Department) was known by the crew only from INS information. Besides the data on wind and time of passing waypoints along the actual flight path fits our calculations. (Map enclosed) [sic. Enclosure not available. Ed.]

The actual flight path of the airplane crossed Kamchatka Peninsula and Sakhalin Island with gradually increasing deviation from the international airway reaching 660 kilometers in the last section.

In the region of Kamchatka and Sakhalin the actual flight path basically fits the data obtained by radar tracking of Air Defense Forces.

The time of flight termination as registered by the flight recorder is practically the same as indicated on the photographic images of the radar screen by Air Defense Forces being

6 hours 24 minutes 56 seconds of the local Sakhalin time on 1 September (22 hours 24 minutes 56 seconds of Moscow time on 31 August).

With a high degree of probability, it may be stated that the analyzed flight data and voice recorders are in fact from the South Korean airplane. The above is confirmed by the external and internal damage to the recorders that cannot be associated with impact other than from the airplane disintegration as well as exactly simultaneous end of functioning by both recorders caused by cut of power supply due to destruction of the airplane in 1 minute 42 seconds after it was attacked and a specific pattern of change of parameters in the last section of the flight which cannot be practically reproduced in exact correlation.

IT HAS BEEN ESTABLISHED THAT

1. Within 5+ hours of the flight there was no attempt by the crew to take command of the airplane in order to make correction of its flight path. In spite of having all necessary instrumental data indicating a considerable deviation from the international airway the crew made no attempt to exit the airspace of the USSR.

2. The crew was not alerted by the instrumental indication of the flight command mode, INS information on the geographical position of the airplane and its significant lateral deviation from the international airway, information by the airborne radar and radionavigatonal system as well as deteriorating radio contact with ATC units to make correction of the flight path for exiting the airspace of the USSR. Moreover, using INS information the crew made false reports to ATC units on the airplane's position in regards to the international airway.

3. Constant magnetic heading automatic stabilization mode set by the crew for command of the flight confirms no intention by the crew to follow the international airway with control by INS which is incontrovertible evidence of intentional incursion of the South Korean airplane into the airspace of the USSR. Neither single error nor error combination at programming the flight path by the crew may result in the flight with constant magnetic heading under control by INS.

4. The crew regularly reported to ATC units (mostly via companion airplane fulfilling Flight 015) on estimated and allegedly exact time of passing the compulsory reporting points along the international airway as well as wind rate and direction and remainder fuel in order to create (in the view point of the crew) a foolproof alibi.

Taking into account all mentioned above and also high professional skills of the crew and high reliability of navigational equipment of the airplane as well as omission by ATC units in the US and Japan to correct the deviation of the airplane from the international airway it seems reasonable to assume that the South Korean airplane followed a pre-planned flight track and its crew was aware of the actual position of the airplane within the full-time of the flight.

'''However, in case the flight recorders shall become available to the western countries their data may be used for:'''

- '''Claiming possibility of erroneous use by the crew of airborne navigational equipment to form various theories based on the data analysis;'''

- '''Confirmation of no attempt by the intercepting aircraft to establish a radio contact with the intruder plane on 121.5 MHz and no tracers warning shots in the last section of the flight;'''

-''' Disputing our specification of the flight termination time (the time of the flight termination may be altered within a range from 30 to 40 seconds);'''

-''' Confirmation of no intelligence mission by the plane on the strength of argument that within the last 30 minutes of flight during which the voice recorder registered oral communications of the crew nothing was said that might disclose the reason of incursion of the airplane into the airspace of the USSR. However, in our opinion the same argument might equally be used as circumstantial evidence of intentional incursion.'''

'''In sum the available objective data by the flight recorder may equally be used by the USSR and the western countries in confirmation of opposite views on nature of the flight by the South Korean airplane. The data by the voice recorder may be expressly favorable for the western countries.'''

'''CONCLUSION'''

'''In connection with above, it seems unnecessary to transfer the flight recorders to the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) or any third party willing to decipher and analyze of their data.'''

Head of the Group Lieutenant-General of Aviation MAKAROV

Staff of the Group

Lieutenant-General Engineer TICHOMIROV

Major-General Engineer DIDENKO

Major -General of Aviation STEPANOV

Major -General of Aviation KOVTUN

Corresponding Member of Academy of Sciences of the USSR FEDOSOV

28 November 1983

'''Fourth Memo:'''
Top-secret

CONCLUSIONS

By the Experts’ Group

The experts’ group has, on the basis of data from Digital Flight Data Recorder (DFDR) by the South Korean airplane Boeing-747, together with the data obtained by radar tracking and photographic images of the radar screens of Air Defense Forces, completed work on plotting the actual line of the flight path with its further comparison to the track of the official international airway and the data obtained by radar tracking as well as specifying the exact time of flight termination.

On the basis of the data analysis and calculations made by the group it has been established that:

1. The actual flight path of the airplane crosses the territory of Kamchatka and Sakhalin with gradual deviation to the north from the official international airway reaching in the last section of the flight 660 kilometers and indicates that the flight crew maintained a constant magnetic heading of 249°. In the region of Kamchatka and Sakhalin the flight path is almost identical to that resulting from the radar tracking by Air Defense Forces.

2. The exact time of flight termination is 22 hours 24 minutes 56 seconds of Moscow Time.

With a high degree of probability, it may be stated that deviation of the airplane from the official international airway is not a result of erroneous actions by the flight crew but rather a consequence of intentional flight in a pre-planned direction, which is confirmed by the following:

− Neither any possible single error nor combination of errors in programming the flight path by the crew can result in a flight with constant magnetic heading

− Magnetic heading automatic stabilization mode set by the crew for the flight instead of INS command mode confirms that the crew had no intention of following the international airway

− Within 5+ hours of the flight, the crew made no attempt to take the flight control in order to make corrections, ignoring indication on the instrument console on the flight command mode and INS information specifying the geographical position of the airplane and its lateral deviation from the international airway as well as current information by the on-board radar and radio navigational systems

− The flight crew regularly reported to the ATC units via companion airplane fulfilling the Flight 015 the estimated and real time of passing the compulsory
reporting points along the international airway as well as force and direction of wind and remainder fuel which is the evidence of the use by the crew the INS information

− Practically, during the full-time of the flight, the crew did not establish direct radio contact with ATC, reporting instead via companion airplane fulfilling the Flight 015 that in the understanding of the crew, the plane was following within a range not exceeding 100 kilometers, which was to signify to the crew a considerable lateral deviation from the international airway

In case the DFDR is transferred to ICAO or any third party willing to decipher its content the latter may equally be used in order to:

− Dispute our specification of the exact time of the flight termination;

− Claim possibility of erroneous operation by the flight crew of the on-board navigational equipment;

− Confirm that there were no maneuvers by the intruder plane along its flight path.

SIGNED

Deputy Chief Navigator for Air Force Major General of Aviation KOVTUN

Deputy Chief Navigator for VTA Air Force Colonel POLEVOI

Chief Navigator-Researcher for LII MAP IREIKIN

Head of Navigation Equipment Lab at LII MAP VLASOV

Navigator for Leading Group at TsUMVS MGA SVISHEV

KGB Representative KORICHNEV

'''Fifth Memo'''
Top-secret

To the Attention of Comrade Yu.V.Andropov

As it has been reported earlier, the electronic equipment from the South Korean airplane (flight number 007) shot down in the region of Sakhalin Island on 1 September of this year (DFDR and CVR) in the third decade of this November was located in the Sea of Okhotsk at a depth of 180 meters and subsequently retrieved and transported to Moscow for deciphering and translation. On the basis of expert investigation it has been objectively established that the above-mentioned equipment is in fact from the South Korean airplane in question.

The Defense Ministry together with KGB of the USSR with participation of experts from Ministry of Aerospace Industry and Ministry of Civil Aviation has completed work on deciphering the tapes from the above-mentioned recorders as well as their thorough analysis and investigation. On the basis of the analysis, it has been established that both inertial and cursory (magnetic) navigation systems responsible for the command of the airplane during the flight were in operable condition. However the actual flight path of the airplane crossed Kamchatka and Sakhalin with gradually increasing lateral deviation from the official international airway reaching 660 kilometers, which has been objectively confirmed by the data obtained from the flight recorder. In sections when the flight was monitored by the command posts of Air Defense Forces the flight path obtained by radar tracking fits basically the actual flight path registered by the flight recorder.

The flight crew of the airplane in question, in spite of all available instrument data indicating significant lateral deviation from the international airway and penetration into the airspace of the USSR, continued the flight with a constant course over a time of 5+ hours making no attempt to take control of the airplane in order to make correction of its flight path in order to exit the airspace of the USSR. As it has been established, the flight of the airplane was commanded by the cursory (magnetic) navigation system in automatic mode. The Inertial Navigation System was not connected to the autopilot and was used only for reference of the position that the airplane should have had on the international airway at any time during the flight. Based on the information from the Inertial Navigation System, deliberately false reports on the position of the airplane on the international airway were made regularly by the crew to the ATC units, which indicates the intention of the crew to create an alibi in case the airplane was forced to land on a Soviet airfield. Flight 007 while in the airspace of the USSR was in constant radio contact with companion Flight 015 following within a short range along the international airway.

Taking into account the above-mentioned facts as well as high professional skills of the flight crew in question and high reliability of the navigation equipment of the airplane it should be assumed, as established beyond any doubt, that the incursion of the South Korean airplane into the airspace of the USSR was intentional.

Assessment of the factual data obtained by the analysis of the flight recorders and the stand the US Administration adopted after the airplane was shot down confirm that we encountered a thoroughly planned high scale political provocation by the US Intelligence Community which had two objectives. In the first place incursion of an intruder plane into the airspace of the USSR was to create a situation favorable for gathering intelligence on our Air Defense installations in the Far East by use of various systems including the Ferret spy satellite. If the intruder plane could fly through Soviet airspace unpunished, the US would be likely to launch a campaign to stress inefficiency of our Air Defense in the Far East. In the second place, if the flight is terminated, a global anti-Soviet campaign was ready to be started in order to condemn the Soviet Union. Our unraveling the clandestine and provocative nature of the flight as well as participation of the US Intelligence Community in its preparation prevented the US from achieving their goals in full.

Since the action was thoroughly planned by the US, efforts were made to conceal its real objectives. Though objective confirmation that the incursion into the airspace of the USSR was intentional has been obtained by deciphering the data from the flight recorder, '''it cannot serve as conclusive evidence that the flight was on a spy mission. Therefore, if the flight recorders shall be transferred to the western countries their objective data can equally be used by the USSR and the western countries in proving the opposite view points on the nature of the flight of the South Korean airplane. In such circumstances a new phase in anti-Soviet hysteria cannot be excluded.

'''In connection with all mentioned above it seems highly preferable not to transfer the flight recorders to the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) or any third party willing to decipher their contents. The fact that the recorders are in possession of the USSR shall be kept secret.

As far as we are aware neither the US nor Japan has any information on the flight recorders. '''We have made necessary efforts in order to prevent any disclosure of the information in future'''.'''''' From now on, in any matter connected with this incident, it seems preferable to maintain the view expressed in the Statement by the Soviet Government dated 6 September of this year categorically refusing compensation of any damages and also putting the whole responsibility for the loss of lives on the US as the initiator of the provocation.

Looking to your approval.

D.Ustinov, V.Chebrikov

____ December 1983

==See also==
*[[A Tracking of KAL 007 to Water: An Interview]]
*[[The Soviet/ U.S naval confrontation]]
*[[KAL 007: Soviet stalk, shoot down, and rescue mission orders transcripts]]
*[[Mass killings under Communist regimes]]

[[Category:KAL007]]

Mass Killings Under Communist Regimes

2022-03-05T00:17:42Z

FresnoCA: #REDIRECT Mass killings under Communist regimes

#REDIRECT [[Mass killings under Communist regimes]]
{{Move|Mass killings under Communist regimes}}
'''Mass killings under Communist regimes''' is a common symptom of [[Communist]]-run states. By far the most bloody and murderous communist regime by the sheer numbers of people murdered was the [[Soviet Union]] that killed nearly 61,000,000 people. [[Joseph Stalin]], the [[USSR]]'s most notorious dictator, is responsible for almost 43,000,000 of these murders.[https://hawaii.edu/powerkills/COM.ART.HTM] Communist regimes sometimes kill people outside of the control of their regime as evidenced by the tragic Soviet attack on a commercial airliner, [[Korean Airlines Flight 007]], over international waters near Sakhalin Island on September 1, 1983 which killed 269 civilians, including a sitting U.S. Congressman, [[Larry McDonald]].

==References==
1. https://hawaii.edu/powerkills/COM.ART.HTM

==See Also==
[[Communism]]

[[Category:Communists]]
[[Category:Mass Murderers]]
[[Category:Dictators]]
[[Category:Totalitarianism]]
[[Category:Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Russian History]]
[[Category:Marxism]]
[[Category:Soviet Leaders]]
[[Category:Atheists]]
[[Category:Police State]]
[[Category:Cold War]]
[[Category:Terrorists]]

Mass killings under Communist regimes

2022-03-05T00:16:08Z

FresnoCA: Created Mass killings under Communist regimes to aid capitalization.

Emergencies Act (Canada)

2022-03-05T00:14:10Z

FresnoCA: Added phrase.

The '''Emergencies Act''' in [[Canada]] authorizes a [[tyranny|tyrannical]] infringement on basic liberties and property at the whim of a government official, such as in quelling disagreement with him.<ref>https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/e-4.5/page-1.html#docCont</ref> It would be blatantly unconstitutional in the [[United States]] although that country has similar legislation in place.

In February 2022, [[Leftist]] dictator [[Justin Trudeau]] invoked the Emergencies Act to allow his jackboots in the [[Ottawa Police Service]] to smash the windows of peaceful truckers, and Trudeau regime officials to [[theft|illegally seize their trucks and bank accounts]]. Under Canadian law, Parliament must ratify implementation of the Act within seven days; on the fourth day of debate, the Trudeau regime suspended Parliament, leaving the executive authority free to continue its abuse of power beyond seven days without parliamentary approval.<ref>https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-10529061/Canadas-Parliament-SUSPENDS-debate-Trudeaus-Emergencies-Act.html</ref> A leftist bloc consisting of Trudeau's [[Liberal Party of Canada]], the [[New Democratic Party]] led by [[Jagmeet Singh]] and a Green Party of Canada MP fully voted to ratify the Act one week later on February 21, with opposition from the [[Conservative Party of Canada]], the [[Bloc Quebecois]] and another Green Party MP.<ref>Two references:
*[https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2022/02/breaking-majority-canadian-parliament-sides-trudeaus-tyranny-vote-uphold-unprecedented-emergencies-act/ BREAKING: Majority of Canadian Parliament Sides With Trudeau’s Tyranny – Vote to UPHOLD Unprecedented Emergencies Act After Protesters Beaten and Shackled] at the Gateway Pundit
*[https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2022/02/21/tyranny-canadian-parliament-votes-emergencies-act-motion/ Tyranny: Canadian Parliament Votes for Emergencies Act Motion] at Breitbart News Network</ref>

==Expropriation of property==
In February 2022 Canadian deputy dictator [[Chrystia Freeland]] announced an expansion of “terrorist financing” rules that would allow banks to freeze assets with no oversight. The new measures also apply to crowdfunding outlets and payment processing providers. “We are broadening the scope of Canada’s anti-money laundering and terrorist financing rules so that they cover crowdfunding platforms and the payment service providers they use,” Freeland said. The expanded rules also apply to digital assets, such as cryptocurrency. In enacting the changes, Freeland said that what she claimed were "illegal" blockades "...have highlighted the fact that crowdfunding platforms and some of the payment service providers they use are not fully captured under the proceeds of crime and terrorist financing act." All crowdfunding platforms and service providers were required to register with the Canadian government’s financial intelligence unit, FINTRAC, and report “large and suspicious transactions.”<ref>https://nationalfile.com/canada-expand-scope-terrorist-financing-rules-will-allow-banks-freeze-assets-no-oversight/</ref>

GPS tracking of cell phone data is able to identify anyone within the vicinity of where protests take place.

The Trudeau regime and the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) began sending the names of those taking part in the [[Freedom Convoy]] protests to Canadian banks with orders to freeze the bank accounts.<ref>Two references:
*[https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2022/02/17/canada-police-to-distribute-names-of-trucker-protesters-to-financial-institutions/ Canada Police to Send Names of Trucker Protesters to Financial Institutions] at Breitbart News Network
*[https://www.rebelnews.com/confirmed_bank_accounts_are_being_frozen_under_justin_trudeaus_emergency_economic_measures_order CONFIRMED: Bank accounts are being frozen under Justin Trudeau's Emergency Economic Measures Order] at Rebel News</ref> Freeland made clear that seizures of bank accounts and blacklisting by banks would become permanent.<ref>https://twitter.com/inklessPW/status/1494752731441123328</ref>

Canadian Justice Minister David Lametti told CTV News that citizens identified as supporting US President [[Donald Trump]] are subject to “de-banking” as part of the Canadian government’s official target identification process. After equating the Trudeau order to the same principles around terrorism, the ‘Justice Minister’ said:
{{quotebox-float|”If you are a member of a pro Trump movement who is donating hundreds of thousands or millions of dollars to this kind of thing, then you ought to be worried.”<ref>https://youtu.be/Qisd2juHvps</ref>}}
Trudeau's expropriation order caused a panic and a run on Canadian banks.<ref name="bank run">https://www.investmentwatchblog.com/trudeau-inadvertently-caused-a-bank-run-in-canada/</ref>

On February 23, 2022 (just two days after the vote to ratify the Emergencies Act), Trudeau reversed course unexpectedly as he revoked the Act, just one week after invoking it; speculation followed in news outlets that he ended his use of the Act because of the above-mentioned bank run<ref name="bank run"/><ref>[https://theconservativetreehouse.com/blog/2022/02/23/facing-financial-peril-and-a-pending-senate-rebuke-prime-minister-justin-trudeau-revokes-emergency-war-measures-act/ Facing Financial Peril and a Pending Senate Rebuke, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau Revokes Emergency War Measures Act] at the Conservative Treehouse</ref> and because it would have lost a vote in the Senate, resulting in the Act being terminated anyway.<ref>Multiple references:
*[https://www.rebelnews.com/trudeau_revokes_emergencies_act BREAKING: Trudeau revokes Emergencies Act] at Rebel News
*[https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2022/02/breaking-shocking-reversal-trudeau-revokes-use-emergencies-act-video/ BREAKING: In a Shocking Reversal, Trudeau Revokes His Use of the Emergencies Act] at the Gateway Pundit
*[https://ottawasun.com/news/politics/breaking-justin-trudeau-set-to-revoke-emergencies-act Justin Trudeau revokes Emergencies Act: 'Existing laws and bylaws are now sufficient'] at the ''Ottawa Sun''</ref> To save face, Trudeau claimed that "...(w)e are confident that existing laws and bylaws are now sufficient to keep people safe" and that his regime would continue supporting the [[Ottawa Police Service]] against the Freedom Convoy protesters; he also tried to distract from his responsibility for the chaos he caused by adding that "...we're fighting a virus, not each other", even though just days earlier, he fought the Canadian public by using police jackboots as his attack dogs against the Freedom Convoy protesters.<ref>[https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2022/02/tyrant-trudeau-remember-fighting-virus-not-now-time-one-another-video/ Tyrant Trudeau: “Let’s Remember, We’re Fighting a Virus, Not Each Other… Now Is the Time to Be There for One Another”] at the Gateway Pundit</ref>

==See also==
*[[Great Reset]]

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{coronavirus}}
[[category:Canada]]

Freedom Convoy

2022-03-05T00:11:40Z

FresnoCA: /* Martial law */ Edited link

[[File:Trucker overpass.jpg|right|550px|thumb|People with "unacceptable views" line the streets and highways across Canada to cheer the Freedom Convoy headed to the capital in freezing temperatures.]]
The '''Freedom Convoy''' is a worldwide phenomena that originated in [[Canada]] during the winter of 2021-2022 in response to leftwing [[totalitarian]] [[fascist]] government [[vaccine mandate]]s, [[vaccine passport]]s, and [[mask mandate]]s as a result of the [[CCP virus]]. The CCP virus was a [[bioweapon]] unleashed on the planet by the [[leftist]] [[Communist Party of China]] (CCP) in late 2019. The [[World Economic Forum]] (WEF), in [[collusion]] with the CCP, set about to destroy the last vestiges of [[freedom]] and [[democracy]] with its [[Great Reset]] and [[Build Back Better]] programs adopted by various [[tyranny|tyrannical]] leftist regimes throughout the planet [[slavery|enslaving]] ordinary people to a [[globalism|global]] [[elitism|elite]].

During two years of [[authoritarian]] [[lockdown]]s truckers were deemed essential workers and honored as heroes of the [[Pandemic]].<ref>https://www.cbsnews.com/news/coronavirus-heroes-covid-19-truck-drivers-sanitation-workers/</ref><ref>https://globalresilience.northeastern.edu/truckers-one-of-our-many-heroes-of-the-pandemic/</ref><ref>https://www.ttnews.com/articles/honoring-truckings-essential-workers</ref>

Experimental vaccines, which both the Trudeau and Biden regimes mandated for employment, require continuous booster shots to maintain a vaccine passport. The efficacy of the experimental vaccines and boosters has been called into question by scientific experts. [[Leak]]ed data from the United States [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) indicates that [[Pfizer]] is requesting approval of an annual covid booster shot.<ref>https://youtu.be/6nSXHrmOy8o</ref>

In response to the public reaction, the fascist [[Liberal Party of Canada]] declared martial law and began full scale implementation of the WEF's Great Reset, driving more businesses that survived the two year lockdown mandates out of business. Banking seizures and blacklists further restricted those individuals caught up from starting new business. Canadian Liberal fascists brought in foreign troops to quell the protests.

[[Grassroots]] Freedom Convoy movements grew up in Canada, [[France]],<ref>https://youtu.be/4b5EaZY_lvQ</ref> [[Israel]],<ref>https://rumble.com/vux3yl-watch-israeli-freedom-convoy-blocks-main-highway-protests-covid-mandates.html</ref> [[Australia]], [[New Zealand]] and elsewhere.<ref>https://youtu.be/2H17A0IZx0Q</ref> In the [[United States]] a trucker convoy departed for [[Washington, D.C.]] on February 23, 2022, nine days after martial law was declared in Canada. The freedom convoys in all nations have been accused of being a false flag operation, intended to provide an excuse for governments to respond.<ref>https://www.investmentwatchblog.com/the-freedom-convoys-of-false-flag-operations-meant-to-destabilize-nations-and-provide-an-excuse-for-higher-prices-of-goods-and-military-presence-throughout/</ref>

==Canada==
[[File:2022 Freedom Convoy.PNG|right|400px|thumb|The 2022 winter Freedom Convoy protests against fascist [[vaccine mandate]]s and [[mask mandate]]s was the beginning of a movement to rollback leftwing totalitarianism.]]
{{See also|CCP virus in Canada}}
Canada's tyrannical covid emergency powers regulated human conduct and interaction to such an extent that a citizen could not enter a liquor store or buy a drink in a bar without a [[vaccine passport]].<ref>https://montreal.ctvnews.ca/vaccination-passport-now-required-at-liquor-and-cannabis-shops-in-quebec-1.5744423</ref> In January 2022 Canadian truckers began protesting a leftwing fascist mandate requiring them to present a vaccine passport before crossing the U.S.-Canadian border.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-60383385</ref> For the previous two years, truck drivers were deemed "essential workers" and exempt from fascist [[lockdown]] orders.<ref>https://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/ntnl-scrt/crtcl-nfrstrctr/esf-sfe-en.aspx</ref> Canadian truckers were reportedly 90% vaccinated, above the country’s 78% total, a key detail that was brazenly ignored by the [[liberal media]] in both countries determined to depict the protests as "anti-science" and “anti-vax” rather than “anti-mandate” and "pro-freedom" protests. When the Freedom Convoy descended upon Ottawa, fascist liberal dictator [[Justin Trudeau]] dismissed them in a speech reminiscent of the final days of socialist dictator [[Nicolae Ceausescu]]:
{{quotebox-float|"The small fringe minority of people who are on their way to Ottawa, who are holding unacceptable views that they are expressing, do not represent the views of Canadians…who know that following the science and stepping up to protect each other is the best way to ensure our rights, our freedoms, our values as a country."}}
A near-exact repeat of [[Hillary Clinton]]'s “basket of deplorables” speech, Trudeau’s description of “unacceptable views" instantly became a rallying cry,<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LmDkSQO5zeo&t=380s</ref> with people across the country lining the streets cheering truckers while self-identifying as the “small fringe minority.” Everyone from high school kids to farmers and teachers and random marchers joined in as Trudeau’s own words were used to massively accelerate his decline in popular support. Members of his own party in parliament began criticizing Trudeau.

The head of a Trudeau-funded hate group posted a picture of an [[antisemitic]] flier on [[social media]] claiming it to have originated with the Freedom Convoy. Bernie Farber, who is listed as the chair of CAHN on the group’s website, which has received hundreds of thousands of taxpayer dollars from the Trudeau regime, posted a tweet of an antisemitic flier stating, “Taken by a friend in Ottawa at the Occupation. Apparently in plain sight." It was quickly established that the picture of the flier was not from the Ottawa trucker Freedom Convoy protests at all – the same photo was from an unrelated event in [[Miami, Florida]], and first posted on [[Twitter]] on January 23, 2022.
Records show CAHN received $268,400 Canadian dollars (USD $211,526) in 2020.<ref>https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2022/02/10/anti-hate-group-head-used-miami-anti-semitic-flyer-to-smear-truckers/</ref> Political commentator [[Bill Maher]] remarked:
{{quotebox-float|"Justin Trudeau— I mean, I thought he was kind of a cool guy. And I started to read what he said... he was talking about people who are not vaccinated. He said, ‘They don't believe in science. They're often misogynistic, often racist.’ No, they're not. [Trudeau] said, ‘But they take up space. And with that, we have to make a choice in terms of a leader as a country— Do we tolerate these people?’ It's like, tolerate?? Now you do sound like [[Hitler]]. And recently, he talked about holding ‘unacceptable views.’”<ref>https://rumble.com/vurpiq-bill-maher-says-trudeaus-rhetoric-is-starting-to-sound-like-hitler..html</ref>}}
[[CNN]] national security analyst and former [[Obama administration]] assistant secretary of Homeland Security for Intergovernmental Affairs Juliette Kayyem incited violence against the peaceful protesters, tweeting that the truckers should have their tires slashed.<ref>https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/former-obama-official-encourages-arrests-and-tire-slashing-to-punish-canada-protesters</ref> The leftwing fascist regime threatened to seize the children of protesters.<ref>https://redstate.com/bonchie/2022/02/09/watch-a-canadian-reporter-gets-more-than-he-bargained-for-after-trying-to-bait-a-trucker-in-ottawa-n519786</ref>

Trudeau refused to negotiate with the truckers. Instead, Trudeau consulted with U.S. socialist premier Joe Biden who urged him to use federal force and coercion against the protesters by invoking martial law. Trudeau promised "quick action."<ref>https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/02/11/readout-of-president-bidens-call-with-prime-minister-justin-trudeau-of-canada/</ref>

In its article on the Freedom Convoy (which it calls the ''Canada convoy protest''), [[Wikipedia]] resorts to its usual falsehoods (via reliance on its usual [[liberal media]] [[fake news|sources]] such as the [[CBC]], the ''[[New York Times]]'', the ''[[Washington Post]]'' and [[Al-Jazeera]], as well as various Canadian and US government websites and various other non-credible liberal-biased websites which politically oppose the Convoy) to back its smears against the trucker convoy and its supporters.

===Martial law===
On February 14, 2022, acting at the behest of the [[Biden regime]]<ref>[https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2022/02/14/trudeau-invoked-emergency-act-only-after-biden-urged-canada-to-use-federal-powers/ Trudeau Invoked ‘Emergency’ Act Only After Biden Administration Urged Canada to Use ‘Federal Powers’] at Breitbart News Network</ref> and in cowardly response to the anti-CCP flu mandates trucker convoy in Ottawa and related protests elsewhere after he spent some time in hiding from them, Trudeau, while lying about the truckers (including falsely calling them "terrorists") as he had been doing since their arrival, invoked the [[Emergencies Act (Canada)|Emergencies Act]] to use as his excuse to crack down on protests against his regime and his mandates.<ref>Two references:
*[https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2022/02/14/justin-trudeau-grabs-powers-under-never-before-used-emergencies-act-to-stomp-out-trucker-protests/ Justin Trudeau Grabs Powers Under Never-Before Used Emergencies Act to Stomp Out Trucker Protests] at Breitbart News Network
*[https://dailycaller.com/2022/02/14/justin-trudeau-invokes-emergencies-act-canada-freedom-convoy/ Justin Trudeau Invokes ‘Emergencies Act’ In Unprecedented Move] at the Daily Caller</ref> Trudeau's move drew massive criticism and condemnation on social media from the public, while in response, the truckers in Ottawa announced that they would not back down from Trudeau (in spite of his threats to illegally freeze their assets and crowdfunding support<ref>Two references:
*[https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2022/02/wow-trudeau-regime-announces-terrorist-funding-will-now-include-crowdfunding-donations-anything-dont-like-video/ WOW! Trudeau Regime Announces Terrorist Financing Will Now Include Crowdfunding Donations for Anything They Don’t Like] at the Gateway Pundit
*[https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2022/02/14/trudeau-targets-crowdfunding-platforms-cryptocurrencies-under-terrorist-financing-rules/ Trudeau Targets Crowdfunding Platforms, Cryptocurrencies Under ‘Terrorist Financing’ Rules] at Breitbart News Network</ref> and revoke their insurance for standing up to him and his ''[[diktat]]s''<ref>[https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2022/02/14/trudeau-threatens-freeze-assets-suspend-insurance-freedom-convoy-truckers/ Trudeau Threatens to Freeze Assets, Suspend Insurance of Freedom Convoy Truckers] at Breitbart News Network</ref>) or give in to his illegal power grab.<ref>[https://youtu.be/oBnVGDzbFVw Trucker Freedom Convoy 2022 Coverage (Ottawa, Windsor Ambassador Bridge, Coutts)] at YouTube</ref> The leftwing fascist regime's ''diktats'' included provisions to coerce [[forced labor]].<ref>https://theconservativetreehouse.com/blog/2022/02/15/tow-truck-operators-who-do-not-comply-with-pm-trudeau-orders-to-remove-protest-trucks-will-be-subject-to-arrest/</ref>
Polls showed Trudeau's approval ratings at 16%.<ref>https://www.independentsentinel.com/trudeau-tries-to-get-his-16-favorability-up-with-martial-law-against-truckers/</ref> Jagmeet Singh, the leader of the far-Left [[New Democratic Party]],<ref>[https://twitter.com/TrueNorthCentre/status/1493273514333413383 True North: "NDP Leader Jagmeet Singh says his party will support the Trudeau government's use of the Emergencies Act"] at Twitter</ref> and [[Doug Ford]]<ref>Two references:
*[https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2022/02/14/justin-trudeau-grabs-powers-under-never-before-used-emergencies-act-to-stomp-out-trucker-protests/ Justin Trudeau Grabs Powers Under Never-Before Used Emergencies Act to Stomp Out Trucker Protests] at Breitbart News Network
*[https://twitter.com/RebelNewsOnline/status/1493288173937610759 Rebel News: "Responding to a question about invoking the Emergencies Act, Ontario Premier Doug Ford says he supports 'the federal government in any proposals they have to bring law and order back to our province.'"] at Twitter</ref> announced their full support of Trudeau's power grab. In response to Trudeau's action, the trucker convoy in Ottawa, as promised, have defied him and have shored up by parking more of their trucks in front of the Parliament Buildings than had already been there previously.<ref>[https://twitter.com/lincolnmjay/status/1493415803303219203 Lincoln Jay: "Many of the trucks that were spread out around Ottawa have relocated on Wellington St. Many more trucks than usual in front of the parliament of Canada"] at Twitter</ref> Protesters gathered outside of the Canadian Embassy in [[New York City]] to condemn Trudeau for his power grab.<ref>Two references:
*[https://www.rebelnews.com/protesters_rally_against_trudeau_outside_canadian_embassy_in_new_york_city Protesters rally against Trudeau outside Canadian Embassy in New York City] at Rebel News
*[https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2022/02/16/protesters-gathered-outside-canadian-embassy-in-nyc-to-support-of-truckers-freedom-convoy/ Protesters Gathered Outside Canadian Embassy in NYC to Support of Truckers’ Freedom Convoy] at Breitbart News Network</ref>
[[File:Justin Trudeau blackface2.JPG|left|200px|thumb |Fascist [[Liberal Party of Canada|Liberal Party]] dictator Justin Trudeau.<ref>https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2019/09/20/canadas-liberals-defend-trudeau-from-resignation-calls-amid-blackface-scandal/ Canada’s Liberals Defend Trudeau from Resignation Calls amid Blackface Scandal]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 20, 2019.</ref>]]Trudeau also drew condemnation from the Canadian Civil Liberties Association<ref>[https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2022/02/canadian-civil-liberties-association-speaks-justin-trudeaus-declaration-emergency-act-crack-freedom-convoy-protesters/ Canadian Civil Liberties Association Speaks Out Against Justin Trudeau’s Declaration of Emergency Act to Crack Down on Freedom Convoy Protesters] at the Gateway Pundit</ref> and the Canadian Constitution Foundation<ref>[https://www.independentsentinel.com/canadian-constitution-foundation-trudeau-set-a-dangerous-precedent-its-fascism/ Canadian Constitution Foundation: Trudeau “Set a Dangerous Precedent” [It’s Fascism]]</ref> for his actions, and several Canadian premiers also opposed Trudeau's actions and condemned him for political overreach.<ref>[https://www.rebelnews.com/multiple_canadian_premiers_oppose_trudeau_invoking_emergencies_act Multiple Canadian premiers oppose Trudeau invoking Emergencies Act] at Rebel News</ref> [[Fox News]] host [[Tucker Carlson]] pointed out on his show that Trudeau's invocation of the Emergencies Act was the equivalent of declaring Canada a dictatorship, adding that the Freedom Convoy and the events connected to it do not qualify for the Act to be invoked.<ref>[https://www.breitbart.com/clips/2022/02/15/fncs-carlson-trudeau-has-declared-canada-a-dictatorship/ FNC’s Carlson: Trudeau Has Declared Canada a ‘Dictatorship’] at Breitbart News Network</ref> Subsequent to the event, Ottawa police chief Peter Sloly, who had sided with Trudeau and similarly made false accusations against the trucker convoy (including accusing them, without proof, of "harmful activities" and of spreading "hatred" and "violence"), announced his resignation from his post after he was criticized for his baseless accusations.<ref>Two references:
*[https://thepostmillennial.com/accusations-against-the-truckers-are-vicious-and-baseless Accusations against the truckers are vicious and baseless] at the Post Millennial
*[https://www.rebelnews.com/breaking_ottawa_police_chief_resigns_source_says BREAKING: Ottawa Police Chief resigns, source says] at Rebel News</ref> Steve Bell, his [[psychotic]] replacement, announced that it was now illegal to peacefully protest against the government<ref>https://freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/4039325/posts</ref> and the governemnt would be opening a [[J6]]-style investigation.<ref>https://theconservativetreehouse.com/blog/2022/02/19/ottawa-police-chief-confirms-federal-law-enforcement-will-use-intelligence-gathered-to-continue-investigating-hunting-targeting-and-arresting-protest-attendees-long-after-protests-end/</ref>

Trudeau, who previously attempted, without success, to hire tow truck drivers to remove the large trucks from the main protest in Ottawa and at blockades in Coutts, [[Alberta]] and Emerson, [[Manitoba]], attempted to coerce the drivers into doing his dirty work for him by illegally threatening them with arrest if they refuse to remove the trucks.<ref>[https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2022/02/little-castro-justin-trudeau-now-threatening-tow-truck-drivers-not-cooperate-canadian-regime-face-arrest/ Little Castro: Justin Trudeau Is Now Threatening Tow Truck Drivers – Those Who Do Not Cooperate with Canadian Regime, Could Face Arrest] at the Gateway Pundit</ref> Trudeau's actions drew widespread condemnation from political leaders and other public figures in the United States, [[El Salvador]], the [[United Kingdom]], [[France]], [[Brazil]] and the [[Netherlands]],<ref>Two references:
*[https://www.breitbart.com/tech/2022/02/15/canadas-use-of-terrorist-laws-against-peaceful-protest-draws-international-condemnation/ Canada’s Use of Terrorist Laws Against Peaceful Protest Draws International Condemnation] at Breitbart News News
*[https://tnc.news/2022/02/16/trudeau-condemned-around-the-world-for-moving-to-crush-protests/ Trudeau condemned around the world for moving to crush protests] at True North</ref> with [[Ohio]] [[Republican]] congressman Warren Davidson announcing that he would introduce legislation in [[Congress]] to protect American citizens from similar such actions by the Biden regime, while Arizona [[United States Senate]] candidate and author Blake Masters outright called Trudeau a [[psychopath]].

Multiple members of Parliament shouted down Trudeau in the House of Commons for his dodging of questions and making flimsy excuses about his use of the Emergencies Act to suppress his political enemies, as well as his slandering of the Conservative MPs for their support of the Freedom Convoy.<ref>[https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2022/02/must-watch-canadian-parliament-members-shout-trudeau-multiple-times-dodges-questions-unprecedented-use-emergency-act-video/ MUST WATCH: Canadian Parliament Members Shout Down Trudeau Multiple Times As He Dodges Questions About His Unprecedented Use of the Emergency Act] at the Gateway Pundit</ref> Canadian conservative news site True North pointed out that Trudeau's drastic measures in invoking the Act indicated that the embattled and desperate Trudeau has lost all control of Canada,<ref>[https://tnc.news/2022/02/15/invoking-the-emergencies-act-confirms-that-trudeau-has-lost-all-control/ Invoking the Emergencies Act confirms that Trudeau has lost all control] at True North</ref> then added that Trudeau had merely invoked the Act to save his own floundering political career.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V28NDPw5jfk Is Trudeau's invoking the emergencies act to save his own political career?] at True North YouTube channel</ref> [[Louisiana]] Republican Senator John Kennedy pointed out that Trudeau's invocation of the Act is basically him claiming to be "smart" and "educated" while the truckers are not.<ref>[https://www.breitbart.com/clips/2022/02/15/gop-sen-kennedy-trudeaus-tyranny-of-the-managerial-elite-is-him-saying-im-smart-youre-not-truckers-want-to-follow-the-science/ GOP Sen. Kennedy: Trudeau’s ‘Tyranny of the Managerial Elite’ Is Him Saying, ‘I’m Smart, You’re Not’ – Truckers Want to ‘Follow the Science’] at Breitbart News Network</ref> To get around Trudeau's edicts and confuse local authorities acting at his behest, Ottawa residents have begun carrying around empty gasoline cans to covertly assist the truckers at the main protest.<ref>[https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2022/02/ottawa-residents-now-carrying-around-empty-gas-cans-throw-off-authorities-trying-end-trucker-protest/ Ottawa Residents Are Now Carrying Around Empty Gas Cans to Throw Off Authorities Trying to End the Trucker Protest] at the Gateway Pundit</ref> The main protest in Ottawa, which has become a family-friendly event with the inclusion of children, has come under another attack by Trudeau with his Emergencies Act, which claims to ban minors under age 18 from attending such protests<ref>[https://www.rebelnews.com/liberals_ban_kids_from_anti_government_convoy_protests Liberals ban kids from anti-government convoy protests] at Rebel News</ref> under threat of heavy fines and prison time against parents attending the protests (while the Trudeau regime hypocritically ignores riots during the pandemic in other parts of Canada by violent leftists, some of which may have been minors of high school age).

Quebec's Coalition Avenir Québec government of François Legault told off Trudeau and officially refused to abide by his Emergencies Act when it announced an end to all of its CCP flu mandates in stages starting on February 16, 2022, although Health Minister Christian Dube publicly denied that the Freedom Convoy had to do with the termination of the mandates,<ref>[https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2022/02/16/quebec-drops-coronavirus-mandates-after-rejecting-trudeaus-emergency-decree/ ] at Breitbart News Network</ref> while Doug Ford, who previously had stood by Trudeau in his opposition to the Freedom Convoy and had been one of the most oppressive provincial premiers in imposing CCP flu diktats, did an about-face as he announced that "...(t)he world's done with (CCP flu restrictions)" and he would also be ending the restrictions in stages, though he also publicly denied that the Freedom Convoy played a part in his decision.<ref>[https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2022/02/16/ontario-premier-doug-ford-world-is-done-coronavirus-restrictions/ Ontario Premier Doug Ford: The World Is ‘Done’ with Coronavirus Restrictions] at Breitbart News Network</ref> A trucker at the main Freedom Convoy protest in Ottawa, who originally came from [[Romania]], declared that Trudeau's divisive tactics and unconstitutional imposing of CCP flu diktats, under the ruse of "health" and "public safety", had effectively thrown Canada into a civil war between the majority of its people and the ruling Trudeau regime and its supporters, as well as turning Canada into a Communist dictatorship in all but name.<ref>[https://www.breitbart.com/clips/2022/02/16/exclusive-video-romanian-canadian-trucker-trudeau-has-caused-civil-war-turned-canada-communist/ Exclusive Video — Romanian-Canadian Trucker: Trudeau Has Caused ‘Civil War,’ Turned Canada ‘Communist’] at Breitbart News Network</ref> "[[The Squad|Squad]]" member and [[Islam]]ic Communist [[Ilhan Omar]] surprisingly roasted a liberal reporter who took part in the illegal doxxing of donors to the Freedom Convoy.<ref>[https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2022/02/16/ilhan-omar-rips-journalist-who-reported-on-doxxed-freedom-convoy-donors/ Ilhan Omar Rips Journalist Who Reported on Doxxed Freedom Convoy Donors] at Breitbart News Network</ref> British politician [[Nigel Farage]] said of Trudeau and his invocation of the Act, "I just begin to think maybe this is a sign of them losing", as he condemned Trudeau's actions.<ref>[https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2022/02/16/trudeau-is-beginning-to-lose-farage-denounces-dire-threats-made-against-freedom-convoy/ ‘Trudeau is Beginning to Lose’ – Farage Denounces ‘Dire Threats’ Made Against Freedom Convoy] at Breitbart News Network</ref>

The [[Ottawa Police Service]], speaking at Trudeau's behest, publicly claimed that anyone still protesting in Ottawa is now "breaking the law" (even though there is no law, either federally, provincially or locally, against peaceful protesting);<ref>[https://tnc.news/2022/02/16/ottawa-police-says-anyone-protesting-in-ottawa-now-breaking-the-law/ Ottawa Police says anyone protesting in Ottawa now “breaking the law”] at True North</ref> in response, members of the main protest voted to dismiss the invocation of the Act as nothing more than a scare tactic utilized by Trudeau for intimidation purposes.<ref>[https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2022/02/17/freedom-convoy-protesters-dismiss-justin-trudeaus-emergency-powers-move/ Freedom Convoy Protesters Dismiss Justin Trudeau’s Emergency Powers Move] at Breitbart News Network</ref> [[Elon Musk]] tweeted a humorous meme comparison of Trudeau and his actions against the Freedom Convoy to [[Adolf Hitler]].<ref>[https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2022/02/elon-musk-compares-justin-justin-trudeau-hitler/ Elon Musk Compares Canadian Tyrant Justin Trudeau to Hitler] at the Gateway Pundit</ref> The current session of Parliament, which was to have debated over Trudeau's use of the Emergencies Act,<ref>[https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2022/02/ready-banana-republic-fridays-parliamentary-debate-trudeaus-use-emergencies-act-canceled-due-police-crackdown-truckers/ Banana Republic: Friday’s Parliamentary Debate on Trudeau’s Use of Emergencies Act is CANCELED Due to Police Crackdown on Truckers] at the Gateway Pundit</ref> was canceled for the day on February 18, 2022 under allegations of "safety concerns" due to the Trudeau Gestapo's criminal actions against the peaceful protesters.<ref>Two references:
*[https://www.rebelnews.com/house_of_commons_sitting_cancelled_ahead_of_police_operation_against_freedom_convoy House of Commons sitting cancelled ahead of police operation against Freedom Convoy] at Rebel News
*[https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2022/02/ready-banana-republic-fridays-parliamentary-debate-trudeaus-use-emergencies-act-canceled-due-police-crackdown-truckers/] at the Gateway Pundit</ref> [[Alberta]] premier Jason Kenney announced that he has filed a legal challenge against Trudeau's unjustified use of the Emergencies Act, calling the dictator's action unnecessary, disproportionate, a violation of natural justice, an intrusion into provincial jurisdiction and a creation of a dangerous precedent;<ref>[https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2022/02/huge-alberta-premier-files-legal-challenge-trudeaus-unjustified-use-emergencies-act/ HUGE: Alberta Premier Jason Kenney Files Legal Challenge to Trudeau’s Unjustified Use of the Emergencies Act] at the Gateway Pundit</ref> Trudeau-supporting liberal media hacks attacked Kenney for supporting the Freedom Convoy, but Kenney shut the hacks down with his response, calling Trudeau's actions "bad public health theater", among other criticisms. The paranoid Trudeau unilaterally insisted on keeping his "emergency" powers despite his jackboots having largely quelled the Freedom Convoy protests in Ottawa through violent means, claiming that "...(t)his state of emergency is not over... There continue to be real concerns about the coming days" while continuing to justify his use of the Emergencies Act;<ref>Two references:
*[https://www.rebelnews.com/trudeau_defends_continued_use_of_emergency_powers_following_end_of_ottawa_protests Trudeau defends continued use of emergency powers following end of Ottawa protests] at Rebel News
*[https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2022/02/21/canada-justin-trudeau-insists-on-emergency-powers-despite-no-active-protests/ Canada: Justin Trudeau Insists on Emergency Powers Despite No Active Protests] at Breitbart News Network</ref> as of Trudeau's speech, 191 protesters had been illegally arrested by the Trudeau jackboots on over 400 false charges for attempting to exercise their free speech and peaceful protest rights, while Trudeau hypocritically allowed violent leftists<ref>[https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2022/02/18/canada-axe-wielding-anti-pipeline-extremists-attack-police-trudeau-silent/ Canada: Axe-Wielding Anti-Pipeline Extremists Attack Police] at Breitbart News Network</ref> to do as they please without retribution.

Liberal MP Ya’ara Saks, one of the Liberal/NDP bloc of MPs who voted to ratify Trudeau's invocation of the Emergencies Act, put her liberal derangement on full display when she ludicrously claimed, without proof, during a House of Commons meeting that the Internet meme "honk-honk" (used in support of the Freedom Convoy truckers and their protest) was an "acronym" for "Heil Hitler"; Saks has also claimed that the protesters were "pathologized" by "racism" and "white supremacy" despite the protesters being racially and ethnically diverse (and while ignoring that she is white herself).<ref>[https://www.breitbart.com/clips/2022/02/22/watch-canadian-mp-honk-honk-is-acronym-for-heil-hitler/ Watch — Canadian MP: ‘Honk Honk’ Is ‘Acronym for Heil Hitler’] at Breitbart News Network</ref>

On February 23, 2022, Trudeau did a stunning about-face as he revoked the Emergencies Act, just one week after invoking it; conservative news outlets Rebel News and the Gateway Pundit speculated that Trudeau ended his use of the Act because it would have lost a vote in the Senate, resulting in the Act being terminated anyway.<ref>Multiple references:
*[https://www.rebelnews.com/trudeau_revokes_emergencies_act BREAKING: Trudeau revokes Emergencies Act] at Rebel News
*[https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2022/02/breaking-shocking-reversal-trudeau-revokes-use-emergencies-act-video/ BREAKING: In a Shocking Reversal, Trudeau Revokes His Use of the Emergencies Act] at the Gateway Pundit
*[https://ottawasun.com/news/politics/breaking-justin-trudeau-set-to-revoke-emergencies-act Justin Trudeau revokes Emergencies Act: 'Existing laws and bylaws are now sufficient'] at the ''Ottawa Sun''</ref>

Like lockdowns, masks, and social distancing requirements, the "emergency" measures are claimed by the Trudeau regime to only "temporary".

===Great Reset===
Fascist Deputy Prime Minister [[Chrystia Freeland]] made clear that bank seizures and blacklisting would become permanent.<ref>https://www.zerohedge.com/political/canada-moves-make-asset-freezing-under-emergencies-act-permanent</ref><ref>https://twitter.com/inklessPW/status/1494752731441123328</ref> These blacklists would be implemented through what [[Klaus Schwab]] refers to as "digital antibodies."<ref>https://tv.gab.com/channel/trunews/view/klaus-schwab-wants-to-create-digital-60e8b283de81021448c7e3e7</ref>

===Seizure of bank accounts and property===
Canadian Deputy Prime Minister Chrystia Freeland, who is a supporter of [[George Soros]] and whose family has ties to [[Nazism]],<ref>[https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2022/02/exclusive-canadas-deputy-prime-minister-chrystia-freelands-grandfather-nazi-admires-george-soros-no-surprise-labeling-freedom-loving-canadians-terrorists/ EXCLUSIVE: Canada’s Deputy Prime Minister Chrystia Freeland’s Grandfather Was a Nazi and She Admires George Soros. It’s No Surprise She’s Labeling Freedom-Loving Canadians Terrorists] at the Gateway Pundit</ref> announced an expansion of “terrorist financing” rules that would allow banks to freeze assets with no oversight. The new measures also apply to crowdfunding outlets and payment processing providers. “We are broadening the scope of Canada’s anti-money laundering and terrorist financing rules so that they cover crowdfunding platforms and the payment service providers they use,” Freeland said. The expanded rules also apply to digital assets, such as cryptocurrency. In enacting the changes, Freeland said that what she claimed were "illegal" blockades "...have highlighted the fact that crowdfunding platforms and some of the payment service providers they use are not fully captured under the proceeds of crime and terrorist financing act." All crowdfunding platforms and service providers were required to register with the Canadian government’s financial intelligence unit, FINTRAC, and report “large and suspicious transactions.”<ref>https://nationalfile.com/canada-expand-scope-terrorist-financing-rules-will-allow-banks-freeze-assets-no-oversight/</ref> The seizures were retroactive, meaning accounts could be frozen for actions taken prior to martial law being imposed.

GPS tracking of cell phone data is able to identify anyone within the vicinity of where protests take place.

Freeland went on to illegally threaten truckers with extreme measures if they do not go home. “If your truck is being used in these illegal blockades, your corporate accounts will be frozen, the insurance on your vehicle will be suspended,” Freeland added. Banks and financial services providers will also be allowed by Freeland to freeze or suspend accounts without a court order, intended by her to specifically target the Freedom Convoy and its supporters while hypocritically ignoring crowdfunding campaigns by violent leftist groups such as Antifa. “In doing so, they will be protected against civil liability for actions taken in good faith,” the Deputy PM continued - while she ignored that by acting at Freeland's behest in illegally targeting the Freedom Convoy and other peaceful and legal protests, the banks would be acting in ''bad'' faith and thus would ''not'' be protected against civil liability.

As part of his continued overreach of power, the Trudeau regime and the RCMP began sending the names of those taking part in the Freedom Convoy protests to Canadian banks with orders to freeze the accounts of the participants for standing up to Trudeau's illegal actions.<ref>Two references:
*[https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2022/02/17/canada-police-to-distribute-names-of-trucker-protesters-to-financial-institutions/ Canada Police to Send Names of Trucker Protesters to Financial Institutions] at Breitbart News Network
*[https://www.rebelnews.com/confirmed_bank_accounts_are_being_frozen_under_justin_trudeaus_emergency_economic_measures_order CONFIRMED: Bank accounts are being frozen under Justin Trudeau's Emergency Economic Measures Order] at Rebel News</ref> The opposition Conservatives condemned Trudeau and Freeland's heavy-handed move of freezing bank accounts without evidence of what the regime claimed was "extremist activity", with acting Conservative leader Candice Bergen stating that Trudeau "...has jumped straight to the most extreme measure."
[[File:Trudeau run on the banks.jpg|right|550px|thumb|Run on banks as a result of the liberal fascist regime's expropriation orders.]]
Canadian Justice Minister David Lametti told CTV News that citizens identified as supporting [[President Donald Trump]] are subject to “de-banking” as part of the Canadian government’s official target identification process. During the segment, Lametti hedged and dodged questioning about what terms and conditions the Canadian government is using to instruct the RCMP and financial institutions. However, after equating the Trudeau order to the same principles around terrorism, the ‘Justice Minister’ finally said:
{{quotebox-float|”If you are a member of a pro Trump movement who is donating hundreds of thousands of dollars to this kind of thing, then you ought to be worried.”<ref>https://youtu.be/Qisd2juHvps</ref>}}
Trudeau's expropriation order caused a panic and a run on the banks.<ref>https://www.investmentwatchblog.com/trudeau-inadvertently-caused-a-bank-run-in-canada/</ref> People rushed to ATM's to withdraw their cash before the government could seize it. Five major Canadian banks went offline, preventing a number of customers from using e-Transfers, online banking, and mobile banking services. The financial institutions affected by the outage included the Royal Bank of Canada (RBC), BMO (Bank of Montreal), Scotiabank, TD Canada Trust, and the Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce (CIBC).<ref>https://finbold.com/five-major-canadian-banks-mysteriously-go-offline-in-hours-long-outage/</ref>

===Travel restrictions===
Justin Trudeau’s Covid Compliance Minister, Marco Mendicino, said that any Canadians joining convoy protests in Ottawa or traveling to the area for support of the ongoing protests, risk being defined as domestic extremists connected to “dangerous criminal activity.” Any Canadian citizen who travels into a restricted zone, as defined by the Canadian government, will face a fine of up to $500 on summary conviction, or imprisonment for six months for their noncompliance. An indictment against a dissident subversive comes with a $5,000 fine and up to five years in jail. Additionally, the Canadian federal government has announced they will seize the children of any citizen who travels with a minor child for the purposes of entering one of the federally defined no-go zones. Reunification will be dependent on re-education at one of the jails, compounds or institutions of incarceration.<ref>https://theconservativetreehouse.com/blog/2022/02/16/canadian-prime-minister-blocks-domestic-travel-in-effort-to-stop-protests-against-his-government-compliance-minister-declares-federal-restriction-zones-where-travel-is-verboten/</ref>

According to Canadian State Media: “To those who may be thinking to come to Ottawa this weekend — don’t,” said Mendicino. “At best, the residents of the city have made it clear that this is not the time. And at worst, you may be tying yourself to dangerous criminal activity.”

The Children’s Aid Society of Ottawa put out a statement urging parents at the demonstration to make alternate care arrangements “should they become unable to care for their children following potential police action.”

''The Toronto Sun'' reported, ''Cold War-era East Berlin had armed checkpoints -- now Ottawa does too.''<ref>https://torontosun.com/news/provincial/warmington-cold-war-era-east-berlin-had-armed-checkpoints-now-ottawa-does-too</ref> Canada’s capital constructed ‘no go zones” as in a [[police state]]. To get through the [[Berlin Wall]] under communism, people had to go through entry points known as Checkpoint Alpha, Checkpoint Bravo, and the infamous Checkpoint Charlie. To get passed Ottawa’s armed police checkpoints, people must produce papers to prove they live in the area or have a reason to be there.

===Hacking===
Christian crowdfunding site GiveSendGo came under an illegal hacking attack and [[doxxing]] attempt by immature and hateful leftists who attacked the site in response to its support of crowdfunding for the Freedom Convoy protests in Canada in an attempt by the hackers to deny funding to the protesters; as part of their attack, the hackers displayed their immaturity with a mocking image on the site's main page containing foul language and lies about the Freedom Convoy and its supporters and about the aims of GiveSendGo in general (including false claims that it promotes [[liberal projection|funding for "hate groups", promotes "disinformation" and "insurrection" and constitutes a "threat to democracy]]" while hypocritically talking about foreign political interference), followed by the hackers illegally doxxing Freedom Convoy donors by claiming they would post the donors' information online.<ref name="GiveSendGo">[https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2022/02/givesendgo-hacked-demon-hackers-take-givesendgo-website-threaten-post-personal-information-freedom-convoy-donors/ UPDATE– GiveSendGo UNDER ATTACK… Hateful Trans Hackers Take Over GiveSendGo Front Page] at the Gateway Pundit ('''Warning:''' contains images with foul language)</ref> The site temporarily shut down to deal with the attack and later came back online, with the site reporting that it is tracking down the hackers to pursue legal action against them for cybercrime.<ref>[https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2022/02/givesendgo-website-back-online-illegal-leftist-hack-issues-statement-saying-battle/ GiveSendGo Website Back Online After Illegal Leftist Hack, Issues Statement Saying ‘We Are in a Battle’] at the Gateway Pundit</ref> Twitter user Joseph Camp later reported that the hackers, who called themselves the "Demon Hackers", had actually managed to get the GiveSendGo main page redirected to a parody site called "GiveSendGone" (which is registered with a domain provider called Namecheap), which Camp noted was a huge mistake by the hackers as Namecheap provides information about illegal/mischief activities to law enforcement; Camp also discredited the hackers as being nothing more than attention-seeking trolls and added that the hackers' claim to have thousands of pieces of donor information has been debunked as they have no link to download anything, and he noted that the Freedom Convoy fundraising campaign is hosted on a separate server and had to be temporarily taken offline due to an attempted DDoS attack by the hackers.<ref name="GiveSendGo"/>

Many suspect the hacking and doxxing could not have occurred without the aid of a state sponsored [[intelligence agency]].<ref>https://amgreatness.com/2022/02/15/canadian-hacker-who-claims-to-have-worked-with-intelligence-agencies-takes-credit-for-givesendgo-hack/</ref> GiveSendGo founder Jacob Wells told [[Fox News]] the cyberattack and rapid dissemination of the donor files shows a deliberate, “well-orchestrated,” and politically motivated doxing effort, where the hacker closely coordinated his efforts with the Canadian government and state media.<ref>https://www.foxnews.com/world/canada-freedom-convoy-givesendgo-fbi-probe-hackers-political-doxing</ref>

===Mass arrests, seizures and Gestapo tactics===

Trudeau began employing the Ottawa Police Service as his personal [[Gestapo]] to begin illegal arrests and seizures of the truckers' private property in violation of the [[Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms]]. He started by ordering the arrests of Freedom Convoy organizers Chris Barber and Tamara Lich on false charges of "counseling to commit mischief" (a charge that would actually apply to the organizers of the violent riots perpetrated by Antifa, Black Lives Matter and other far-Left hate groups favored by Trudeau<ref>[https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2022/02/trudeau-donated-black-lives-matter-kneeled-obedience-arrests-working-truckers-freezes-bank-accounts-steals-dogs-oppose-vax-rules/ Trudeau Donated to Black Lives Matter and Kneeled in Obedience — Then Arrests Working Truckers, Freezes Their Bank Accounts and Steals Their Dogs who Oppose His Vax Mandates] at the Gateway Pundit</ref> and other corrupt leftist politicians), with Barber also being falsely charged with "counseling to disobey a court order" and "counseling to obstruct police".<ref>[https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2022/02/canadian-convoy-protest-organizers-tamara-lich-chris-barber-arrested-ottawa/ Canadian Convoy Protest Organizers Tamara Lich, Chris Barber Arrested in Ottawa] at the Gateway Pundit</ref> The OPS, to cover up their crimes (including vandalism, assaults and the use of disproportionate force against the peaceful protesters),<ref>[https://www.rebelnews.com/live_police_arresting_freedom_convoy_protesters_in_ottawa LIVE: Police arresting Freedom Convoy protesters in Ottawa] at Rebel News</ref> also began making illegal threats of arrest (in violation of freedom of speech and freedom of the press) against members of the media who cover the Freedom Convoy,<ref>Two References:
*[https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2022/02/ottawa-police-threatens-arrest-media-covering-freedom-convoy-arrests/ Ottawa Police Threaten to Arrest Media Covering Freedom Convoy Arrests] at the Gateway Pundit
*[https://www.rebelnews.com/ottawa_police_threaten_media_with_arrest_for_covering_enforcement_against_peaceful_protesters Ottawa Police threaten media with arrest for covering enforcement against peaceful protesters] at Rebel News</ref> while protesters prevented the OPS from illegally arresting another trucker;<ref>[https://www.rebelnews.com/convoy_protesters_link_arms_to_prevent_ottawa_police_from_arresting_lone_trucker Convoy protesters link arms to prevent Ottawa police from arresting lone trucker] at Rebel News</ref> in response to the OPS' threat against journalists, several constitutional rights groups condemned the force.<ref>[https://tnc.news/2022/02/18/constitutional-groups-blast-ottawa-police-for-threatening-to-arrest-media/ Constitutional groups blast Ottawa Police for threatening to arrest media] at True North</ref> Ottawa bylaw officers, also acting at Trudeau's behest, made threats to illegally seize and euthanize the pets of Freedom Convoy protesters.<ref>[https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2022/02/trudeau-regime-will-start-confiscating-pets-belonging-freedom-convoy-protesters/ Trudeau Regime Will Start Confiscating Pets Belonging to Freedom Convoy Protesters] at the Gateway Pundit</ref>
[[File:Liberal fascist goons murder elderly disabled woman.PNG|right|500px|thumb|[[Liberal Party of Canada|Canadian Liberals]] and leaders of the Ottawa Police Service unprecedently ordered mounted police to charge peaceful group of Freedom Convoy protestors in Ottawa, leading to the near-murder of an elderly, disabled, First Nations woman riding a mobility scooter. Other protestors were similarly trampled.<ref>https://twitter.com/justin_hart/status/1494811714222657537</ref><ref>https://thepostmillennial.com/woman-trampled-freedom-protest-indigenous-elder</ref>]]
Hundreds more OPS officers, along with officers brought in from outside of Ottawa and from out of province (and reportedly even including disguised [[United Nations]] foreign stormtroopers being flown in from outside of Canada at Trudeau's invitation<ref>[https://www.redvoicemedia.com/video/2022/02/united-nations-troops-being-flown-in-within-striking-distance-of-ottawa-freedom-trucker-protests/ United Nations Troops Being Flown In Within ‘Striking Distance’ Of Ottawa Freedom Trucker Protests?]</ref>), began flooding into Ottawa under orders from Trudeau to deal Gestapo-style with the Freedom Convoy and began violently clashing with protesters,<ref>[https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2022/02/crackdown-ramps-ottawa-police-clash-truckers-make-mass-arrests-begin-smashing-windows-forcefully-remove-protesters-vehicles-video/ CRACKDOWN RAMPS UP: Ottawa Police Clash with Truckers As They Make Mass Arrests – Begin Smashing Windows to Forcefully Remove Protesters from Vehicles] at the Gateway Pundit</ref> with there even being reports of police snipers on the rooftops of buildings near the site of the main protest.<ref>[https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2022/02/big-standoff-ottawa-hundreds-cops-brought-snipers-buildings-trudeaus-tiananmen-square/ BIG STANDOFF IN OTTAWA – Hundreds of Cops Brought In – Snipers on Buildings – Trudeau’s Tiananmen Square] at the Gateway Pundit</ref> Police were instructed to remove their name tags and badge numbers to avoid identification by protesters and journalists and provide cover for their criminal activity.<ref>[https://rumble.com/vvc807-riot-police-in-ottawa-have-removed-their-identifying-names-and-badge-number.html Riot Police in Ottawa Have Removed Their Identifying Names & Badge Numbers On Their Uniforms]</ref> True North journalist Andrew Lawton was pepper sprayed by OPS jackboots as part of their Trudeau-ordered Gestapo-style illegal crackdown against the Freedom Convoy; in response, Candice Malcolm, another journalist for True North, has hired a lawyer to take the OPS to court for assault and targeting of a journalist.<ref>[https://www.rebelnews.com/journalist_andrew_lawton_pepper_sprayed_by_ottawa_police Journalist Andrew Lawton pepper sprayed by Ottawa police] at Rebel News</ref> Several OPS jackboots gang-attacked and viciously assaulted one protester and falsely accused other protesters of "assaulting" officers and tying to "grab their guns", while Trudeau ignored the carnage he had unleashed as he tweeted about the 2022 Winter Olympics in [[Peking]].<ref>[https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2022/02/canadian-officials-make-mass-arrests-arrest-live-stream-reporter-broadcast-beat-protester-ground-stick-justin-trudeau-tweets-olympic-skater/ Canadian Officials Make Mass Arrests – Arrest Live-Stream Reporter During Broadcast — Beat Protester on the Ground with a Stick – As Justin Trudeau Tweets About Olympic Skater] at the Gateway Pundit</ref> Mounted RCMP officers in Ottawa later escalated the violence when they charged their horses into a group of protesters and brutally trampled several of them, including an elderly woman with a walker, and even callously laughing about their vicious and illegal actions, while Ottawa Public Health, in covering for the criminal actions of the jackboots, [[Streisand effect|told Twitter users to "turn off Twitter" to keep said actions from being seen]].<ref>[https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2022/02/rcmp-escalation-mounted-police-horseback-trample-handicapped-woman-walker-street-video/ RCMP ESCALATION: Mounted Police on Horseback Trample Handicapped Woman with Walker in the Street] at the Gateway Pundit</ref>

In a demonstration of Trudeau's hypocrisy in his use of the Emergencies Act, he did nothing when violent masked Antifa-style leftists armed with axes and flare guns attacked a natural gas drill site near Houston, British Columbia, vandalized fuel lines, vehicles and equipment and viciously attacked the site workers in what the company drilling the site called a "highly organized and dangerous unprovoked attack";<ref>Two references:
*[https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2022/02/meanwhile-western-canada-violent-leftists-axes-attack-canadian-gas-pipeline-company-hurl-torches-responders-try-torch-vehicle-workers-inside-cause-millions-dollars-damag/ Meanwhile in Western Canada: Violent Leftists with Axes Attack Canadian Gas Pipeline Company — Try to Torch Vehicle with Workers Inside, Cause MILLIONS of Dollars in Damages… Where’s Trudeau?] at the Gateway Pundit
*[https://www.rebelnews.com/masked_and_violent_attackers_armed_with_axes_and_flare_guns_attack_coastal_gaslink_drill_site_in_bc 'Masked and violent attackers' armed with axes and flare guns attack Coastal GasLink drill site in BC] at Rebel News</ref> the punks fled the scene before the arrival of the RCMP, who have asked the public's help for information that will lead to identification and arrest of the punks involved (who a Twitter user reported may have received foreign funding to organize the attack via the same type of crowdfunding used by the Freedom Convoy protesters). Rebel News reported that the punks may have been motivated to execute their attack by the violent rhetoric of Canadian scientist, [[environmentalism|environmental conspiracy theorist]] and former CBC propagandist David Suzuki.<ref>[https://www.rebelnews.com/liberals_refuse_to_cut_ties_with_suzuki_over_violent_eco_terrorist_rhetoric Liberals refuse to cut ties with Suzuki over violent eco-terrorist rhetoric Liberals refuse to cut ties with Suzuki over violent eco-terrorist rhetoric] at Rebel News</ref> Unsurprisingly, Trudeau's controversial environment minister Steven Guilbeault, himself a former eco-terrorist, defended Suzuki's rhetoric as the Liberals refused to cut ties with him. RCMP Musical Ride officers in Ottawa to assist the OPS were discovered to be bragging to their comrades about using brutal force against the protesters, mocking them and laughing about the officers' Gestapo behavior in a leaked online group chat, conducted while the Musical Ride members were staying at a fancy Ottawa hotel at taxpayer expense;<ref>Two references:
*[https://www.rebelnews.com/leaked_rcmp_messages_time_for_the_protesters_to_hear_our_jackboots_on_the_ground LEAKED RCMP MESSAGES: “Time for the protesters to hear our jackboots on the ground”] at Rebel News
*[https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2022/02/time-protesters-hear-jackboots-ground-leaked-rcmp-text-messages-reveal-canadas-finest-going-way-past-simply-following-orders/ “Time For the Protesters to Hear Our Jackboots on the Ground:” LEAKED RCMP Text Messages Reveal Some of “Canada’s Finest” Are Going Way Past Simply ‘Following Orders’] at the Gateway Pundit</ref> upon news of the controversy becoming public, the RCMP went into damage control mode as it announced that it would be investigating the officers involved.<ref>[https://www.breitbart.com/law-and-order/2022/02/21/canada-police-confirm-probe-into-alleged-officer-texts-celebrating-trampling-protesters/ Canada: Police Confirm Probe into Alleged Officer Texts Celebrating Trampling Protesters] at Breitbart News Network</ref>

===Brutality===
Canadian Liberal [[fascists]] ordered police to quell the protests. Ottawa mounted police used horses to charge into a crowd of [[peaceful]] protesters. The regime attacked crowds with rubber bullets and tear gas,<ref>https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2022/02/breaking-video-ottawa-police-shoot-rubber-bullets-tear-gas-peaceful-freedom-protesters/</ref> smashing truckers' windows amid frigid winter temperatures. An elderly, disabled, First Nations woman, a Mohawk elder<ref>[https://twitter.com/corztruckn/status/1495137595323412480 BREAKING: The woman trampled by police horses is a clan mother of the Mohawk tribe. The tribe may be declaring war on the goverment.oops Trudy] at Twitter</ref><ref>https://thepostmillennial.com/woman-trampled-freedom-protest-indigenous-elder|Woman trampled by Trudeau's forces during freedom protest identified as Indigenous elder|The Post Millennial</ref><ref>https://gettr.com/post/pvufx876c3|Jack Posobiec</ref> later identified as Candice Sero,<ref>[https://www.rebelnews.com/interview_female_aboriginal_peaceful_protester_trampled_by_rcmp_horse_unit_in_ottawa INTERVIEW: Aboriginal peaceful protester trampled by RCMP horse unit in Ottawa] at Rebel News</ref> was standing with her mobility walker as the mounted police charged over her. She was originally reported to have been trampled to death,<ref>https://twitter.com/SaraCarterDC/status/1494844199564451843</ref> but was later reported to be alive and in hospital with a dislocated shoulder.<ref>[https://twitter.com/TheRealKeean/status/1495217451235217408 Keean Bexte: "The woman who was trampled by Trudeau's officers is not dead. Thank god. Her shoulder was dislocated and she is in hospital. Care to correct the "no injuries" statement, @OttawaPolice?"] at Twitter</ref> Her words she spoke before she was trampled were recorded on video just before the assault by forces loyal to the liberal fascist regime: "Peace, love, and happiness. Peace. We are peaceful."<ref>https://twitter.com/howisthismylif/status/1494848229082648579</ref> Social media exploded with calls for the [[UN]] to investigate Trudeau's [[human rights]] abuses.<ref>https://twitter.com/RichardGrenell/status/1494875029275693057</ref> Rebel News reporter Alexa Lavoie was viciously assaulted and injured by OPS jackboots, one of whom lunged at her and struck her in the head three times without provocation, followed by a second jackboot shooting a tear gas canister at her leg at point-blank range, all of which was caught live on camera as she was covering the OPS' continuing Trudeau-ordered Gestapo tactics against Freedom Convoy protesters.<ref>Two references:
*[https://www.rebelnews.com/breaking_rebel_news_journalist_alexa_lavoie_attacked_by_ottawa_police BREAKING: Rebel News journalist Alexa Lavoie attacked by Ottawa police] at Rebel News
*[https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2022/02/breaking-canadian-protests-continue-police-assault-rebel-news-reporter-purposefully-clubbed-head-batons-shot-point-blank-leg-gas-canister-video/ BREAKING: Canadian Protests Continue – Police Assault Rebel News Reporter “Purposefully” Clubbed in The Head with Batons and Shot Point-Blank in Leg with Gas Canister] at the Gateway Pundit</ref> Several of the protesters rescued Lavoie from being further attacked by the uniformed thugs. Rebel News host Ezra Levant, who speculated that Trudeau has officially ordered his jackboots to attack journalists who film their criminal activity and pointed out that some of them intentionally attacked Lavoie after they saw her filming them assaulting protesters, announced that the news outlet will sue the OPS for its criminal assault against Lavoie. Police received so many complaints about police misconduct that they sent out a tweet asking the public to stop calling emergency numbers.<ref>https://twitter.com/OttawaPolice/status/1495168988183252999</ref>

Social media reaction condemning the tactics of Trudeau's jackboots has been swift, with some referring to them as cowards for assaulting women and the elderly, while a tiny minority of small-minded liberals actually cheered on the jackboots' violence and claimed, without proof, that those assaulted (including Lavoie) either "deserved" it or were "faking" it.<ref>[https://twitter.com/TomFitton/status/1495124815807713280 Tom Fitton: "BREAKING: @RebelNewsOnline journalist Alexa Lavoie attacked by Trudeau police forces"] at Twitter</ref> [[Republican]]s introduced legislation in the [[U.S. Congress]] to grant political asylum to victims of oppression of the fascist totalitarian [[Liberal party of Canada]].<ref>https://americanwirenews.com/we-cannot-be-silent-gop-lawmaker-wants-to-offer-freedom-convoy-protesters-asylum-from-trudeaus-heavy-hand/</ref>

===Message of hope===
Shortly after Trudeau's invocation of the Emergencies Act, Catholic Archbishop Carlo Maria Viganò recorded a message in support of the Freedom Convoy, urging the protesters in the convoy and their supporters, both in Canada and elsewhere, to stand strong in opposition against the Trudeau regime and against other corrupt political leaders and elitists who seek to impose the Great Reset against an unwilling public. Archbishop Viganò's video message contained aerial images of scenes of the area around the Parliament Buildings in Ottawa and show the large number of protesters at the scene, exposing Trudeau's claim of the protest being a "small fringe minority", and the liberal media's complicit downplaying of the trucker convoy numbers, for the lies that they are.<ref>[https://youtu.be/FXXM_BH4b7Y Archbishop Viganò's IMPORTANT MESSAGE To Canadian Truckers] at YouTube</ref>

===Human rights abuses===
New Mexico Republican congresswomman Yvette Herrell announced that she will introduce legislation to grant temporary asylum to the Canadian truck drivers being illegally persecuted by the Trudeau regime;<ref>[https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2022/02/gop-rep-introduce-bill-grant-asylum-canadian-truckers-workers-viciously-persecuted-canadas-trudeau-regime/ GOP Lawmaker to Introduce Bill to Grant Asylum to Canadian Truckers Persecuted by Canada’s Trudeau Regime] at the Gateway Pundit</ref> Herrell announced the legislation on her Twitter account after comparing the Trudeau regime to Marxist-ruled [[Venezuela]]. [[Franklin Graham]], the son of evangelist [[Billy Graham]], thanked the Freedom Convoy protesters for taking a stand against the Trudeau regime and its oppressive rule.<ref>[https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2022/02/21/franklin-graham-thanks-canadian-truckers-for-opposing-socialists/ Franklin Graham Thanks Canadian Truckers for Opposing ‘Socialists’] at Breitbart News Network</ref> [[Kentucky]] Republican Senator [[Rand Paul]] condemned Trudeau for invoking the Emergencies Act and for his regime's heavy-handed persecution of the protesters.<ref>[https://www.rebelnews.com/senator_rand_paul_condemns_trudeau_in_new_interview Senator Rand Paul condemns Trudeau in new interview] at Rebel News</ref>

Arizona Republican Senator [[Tom Cotton]] also condemned Trudeau and his regime, saying of them "...(t)he hypocrisy of these liberals knows no bounds" during a [[Fox News]] Channel interview;<ref>[https://www.breitbart.com/clips/2022/02/20/cotton-on-left-wing-trudeau-support-the-hypocrisy-of-these-liberals-knows-no-bounds/ Cotton on Left-Wing Trudeau Support: ‘The Hypocrisy of These Liberals Knows No Bounds’] at Breitbart News Network</ref> in relation to that statement, he also said that "...these are the very same liberals, of course, who marched in the streets and celebrated the [[BLM]] rioters in 2020 that caused billions of dollars of damage with rioting and arson and looting that resulted in many deaths..." A survey on Trudeau's invocation of the Emergencies Act revealed that a majority of Americans, as well as a majority of Republicans and independent voters, disapprove of Trudeau's actions, while a majority of [[Democrat]]s voiced support for his invocation of the Act.<ref>[https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2022/02/22/survey-majority-of-democrats-support-justin-trudeaus-crackdown-on-freedom-convoy-protesters/ Survey: Majority of Democrats Support Justin Trudeau’s Crackdown on Freedom Convoy Protesters] at Breitbart News Network</ref>
{{Anchor|U.S. Trucker Convoy}}
==United States==
In the United States, a [[Rasmussen poll]] conducted on February 13-14, 2022 found 59% of likely U.S. voters supported the Canadian trucker protests.<ref>https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2022/02/us-poll-finds-large-majority-american-voters-support-canadian-trucker-protests-trudeau-governments-tyrannical-covid-regulations/</ref> It wasn't long before Freedom convoys were organized in the United States. The Great American Patriot Project organized convoys and asking volunteers starting from Cleveland, Columbus, Ohio as well as Fresno, California. Organizers made clear from the beginning in an email blast that the truckers represent “peaceful, non-violent Americans who are dissatisfied with the unscientific, unconstitutional government overreach in regards to mandates" and scheduled to meet a congressional welcome committee on March 6, 2022 to discuss policy changes.<ref>https://saraacarter.com/american-truckers-organizing-convoy-to-dc-to-meet-with-lawmakers-march-6/?utm_source=jeeng</ref>

U.S. socialist premier Joe Biden extended the COVID National Emergency declaration, which was scheduled to expire on March 1, 2022, for another year.<ref>https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/02/18/letter-to-the-speaker-of-the-house-of-representatives-and-president-of-the-senate-on-the-continuation-of-the-national-emergency-concerning-the-coronavirus-disease-2019-covid-19-pandemic/</ref> Barricades and razor wire were erected in D.C. weeks before the truckers arrived.<ref>https://nationalfile.com/razor-wire-topped-fence-surround-capitol-ahead-bidens-speech/</ref> The U.S. Freedom Convoy along with freedom convoys in other nations have been accused of being a [[false flag]] operation, intended to provide the government an excuse for repressive measures.<ref>https://www.investmentwatchblog.com/the-freedom-convoys-of-false-flag-operations-meant-to-destabilize-nations-and-provide-an-excuse-for-higher-prices-of-goods-and-military-presence-throughout/</ref>

==Australia==
In [[Australia]] it was reported on February 12, 2022 that 1.4 million cars converged on the Australian capitol of [[Canberra]] to protest tyrannical leftist covid mandates.<ref>https://twitter.com/saltikasker/status/1492554964694151176?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw</ref>

==India==
[[India]] slammed Trudeau for his reaction to the Freedom Convoy, while he simultaneously supported farmers' protests in the Indian capital of [[New Delhi]] in 2021 which blocked streets and shut down the city.<ref>[https://www.indiablooms.com/world-details/USN/33350/justin-trudeau-who-backed-farmer-protests-in-india-trolled-for-invoking-emergency-powers-to-quell-trucker-demonstrations-in-canada.html Justin Trudeau, who backed farmer protests in India, trolled for invoking emergency powers to quell trucker demonstrations in Canada]</ref>

==Iran==
[[Iran]], ironically one of the worst human rights abusers in the world and a state sponsor of [[Islamic terrorism]], condemned the Trudeau regime for its attacks on the Freedom Convoy.<ref>[https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2022/02/iranian-regime-condemns-trudeau-government-following-violent-crackdown-freedom-protesters/ Iranian Regime Condemns Trudeau Government following Violent Crackdown on Freedom Protesters] at the Gateway Pundit</ref>

==Ireland==
[[Ireland|Irish]] senator Sharon Keogan condemned Trudeau for his use of excessive force to violently suppress the protesters and for invoking the Emergencies Act to unjustly punish Canadians for exercising their right to peacefully protest against the Trudeau regime's overreach.<ref>[https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2022/02/23/irish-senator-slams-russia-like-trudeau-for-having-violently-suppressed-peaceful-protests/ Irish Senator Slams Russia-Like Trudeau for having ‘Violently Suppressed’ Peaceful Protests] at Breitbart News Network</ref>

==New Zealand==
Similar to what happened with the main Freedom Convoy protest in Ottawa, Canada, police jackboots under orders from [[New Zealand]] socialist dictator [[Jacinda Ardern]] viciously attacked anti-CCP flu mandate protesters in [[Wellington]], the national capital, following the lead of their Canadian comrades in using violent Gestapo-style tactics against the protesters, who have been camped near the country's Parliament building for their protest.<ref>[https://www.breitbart.com/asia/2022/02/22/pics-violent-clashes-erupt-as-nz-cops-move-on-anti-mandate-protesters/ Pics: Violent Clashes Erupt as NZ Cops Move on Anti-Mandate Protesters] at Breitbart News Network</ref>

==See also==
*[[Tiananmen Square massacre]]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}
{{coronavirus}}
[[Category:Canadian History]]

Canada

2022-03-05T00:08:13Z

FresnoCA: /* Liberals declare martial law */ Edited link

{{Country
|name =''Canada''
|map =Canada pol99.jpg
|map2 =Loc of Canada.png
|flag =Flag of Canada.svg
|arms =Canada arms.png
|capital =Ottawa
|capital-raw =
|government =Leftist totalitarian dictatorship
|government-raw =
|language =English, French
|king =
|queen =Elizabeth II
|monarch-raw =
|president =
|president-raw =
|chancellor =
|chancellor-raw =
|pm =Justin Trudeau
|pm-raw =
|chairman =
|premier =
|area =
|pop =38,000,000 (2020)
|pop-basis =
|gdp =$1,700,000,000,000 (2020)
|gdp-year =
|gdp-pc =$44,737
|currency =Canadian dollar
|idd =
|tld =
}}
'''Canada''' is a Representative [[Democracy]] in [[North America]] which extends from the [[Pacific Ocean]] in the west to the [[Atlantic Ocean]] in the east and northward to the [[Arctic Ocean]]. Canada is the largest country by total area in [[North America]] and the second largest in the world behind [[Russia]]. It also has the longest coastline of any nation, as well as the longest border with the [[United States]] to the south and northwest. Its border with the [[U.S.]] is the longest undefended border in the world. Increasingly [[socialist]], it is illegal in Canada to purchase your own medical care as may be needed.

Canada's motto, ''A Mari usque ad Mare'' (From sea to sea), is based on [[Bible|biblical]] scripture: "He shall have dominion from sea to sea and from the river unto the ends of the earth (Psalm 72:8)."<ref>[http://www.pch.gc.ca/progs/cpsc-ccsp/sc-cs/arm2_e.cfm The Arms of Canada- Description]</ref>

Canada suspended the civil liberties of all its citizens on February 14, 2022 under its [[Liberal Party of Canada]] ruling party.<ref>https://www.newswars.com/canada-has-abolished-civil-liberties-in-the-name-of-safety/</ref>

Many Canadian musicians have been successful in the [[United States]],<ref>https://seerocklive.com/70-canadian-singers-and-bands-who-made-it-big-in-america/</ref> including such performers as Guy Lombardo, Percy Faith, Paul Anka, [[Neil Young]], Joni Mitchell, Bryan Adams, David Foster, Shania Twain, Celine Dion, Avril Lavigne and Justin Bieber.

==Etymology==
The name Canada originated in 1535 by [[Jacques Cartier]] is based on the Iroquoian word "kanata", meaning "village."<ref name="Canadian_Encylopedia">[http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&ArticleId=A0001216 The Canadian Encyclopedia]</ref> By 1545, Europeans began referring to this region as Canada.

The name ''Dominion of Canada'' was adopted during [[British North America Act|confederation]] in 1867. The name continued until the [[Constitution Act]] of 1982, when "Canada" became the legal name. Canada Day, on July 1, used to known as be Dominion Day.

== Anthem==
[[File:E-canada.jpg|thumb|450px|political map of Canada]]
The Canadian national anthem, '[[O Canada]]', was written by Sir Adolphe-Basile Routhier as a poem, to which music, composed by Calixa Lavallée, was later added, in 1880. The original was composed in French, and was first translated into English by Dr. Thomas Bedford Richardson of Toronto, Ontario, in 1906. However, it was not officially adopted as the national anthem until 1980.<ref>[http://www.pch.gc.ca/progs/cpsc-ccsp/sc-cs/anthem_e.cfm National Anthem: O Canada]</ref> It is important to distinguish between 'O Canada', the national anthem, and 'God Save The Queen', which is the Royal anthem, played as a salute to Her Majesty [[Queen Elizabeth II]] as Queen of Canada. The English lyrics and French lyrics have several notable differences, with the French version being slightly longer.

==Geography==

At the time of Confederation, Canada was comprised of four provinces: Upper Canada (now Ontario), Lower Canada (now Québec), Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick. Since that time, six additional provinces have joined Canada or have been created. From west to east, the provinces are [[British Columbia]], [[Alberta]], [[Saskatchewan]], [[Manitoba]], [[Ontario]], [[Québec]], [[New Brunswick]], [[Prince Edward Island]], [[Nova Scotia]], and [[Newfoundland|Newfoundland and Labrador]]. Newfoundland was the last province to join Canada, in 1949. The provinces all elect a single (unicameral) legislature, headed by Premier, who is selected the same way as the Prime Minister. A Lieutenant-Governor represents the Queen, similar to the Governor General.
Canada has three territories: the [[Yukon Territory]], the [[Northwest Territories]], and [[Nunavut]],. Territories have only have those powers delegated to them by the federal government. Nunavut is the newest territory, created as a homeland for the Inuit people in 1999.

*Area: 9.9 million km2. (3.8 million sq. mi.); second-largest country in the world.
*Cities: Capital—Ottawa (pop. 1.1 million). Other major cities—Toronto (5.1 million), Montreal (3.6 million), Vancouver (2.1 million), Calgary (1.1 million), Edmonton (1.0 million), Quebec City (0.7 million), Winnipeg (0.7 million), Hamilton (0.7 million).
*Terrain: Mostly plains with mountains in the west and lowlands in the southeast.
*Climate: Temperate to arctic.
{{Clear}}

==People==
[[File:Canadian Aboriginal Festival.jpg|thumb|left|280px|Aboriginal leader at the 13th Annual Canadian Aboriginal Festival, 2006.]]
*Population (2008 est.): 33.1 million.
*Ethnic groups: British/Irish 28%, French 23%, other European 15%, Asian/Arab/African 6%, indigenous Amerindian 2%, mixed background 26%.
*Religions: Roman Catholic 43.6%, Protestant 29.2%, other Christian 4.3%, Muslim 2.0%, Jewish 1.1%, Buddhist 1.0%, Hindu 1.0% other 1.3%, none 16.5%.
*Languages: English (official) 57.8%, French (official) 22.1%, other 20.1% (including Chinese and aboriginal languages).
*Education: Literacy—99% of population aged 15 and over has at least a ninth-grade education.
*Health: Infant mortality rate—5.4/1,000. Life expectancy—77.7 yrs. male, 82.5 yrs. female.
*Work force (2008, 18.2 million): Goods-producing sector—25%, of which: manufacturing 15%; construction 6%; agriculture 2%; natural resources 2%; utilities 1%. Service-producing sector—75%, of which: trade 16%; health care and social assistance 11%; educational services 7%, accommodation and food services 7%; professional, scientific, and technical services 7%; finance 6%; public administration 5%; transportation and warehousing 5%; information, culture, and recreation 5%; other services 4%.

In 2005 the city of [[Vancouver]], [[British Columbia]] was voted "the world's best place to live" in the world.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/4306936.stm Vancouver is "best place to live"] ("Canadian cities scored well, as did Austria's Vienna and Switzerland's Geneva, because they are not seen as targets for terror attacks.")</ref> Calgary has been named on several occasions the world's cleanest city.
Canada's population is increasingly urban, with 6 cities recording a population over 1 million ([[Toronto]], [[Montreal]], [[Vancouver]], [[Ottawa]]-Gatineau, [[Calgary]], [[Edmonton]]); these 6 cities represent over 45% of Canada's population. Canada is becoming an increasingly multicultural country, with most new immigrants settling in [[Toronto]], [[Montreal]] and [[Vancouver]]. [[Toronto]] is the world's most multicultural city, with 43% a member of a visible minority.<ref>http://www.canada.com/vancouversun/news/story.html?id=bb0fee45-b305-490a-b161-a21bcb1d7329&k=34160</ref>

====Culture====
[[Image:800px-Canada-satellite.jpg|right|thumb|200px|A satellite image of Canada.]]
Due to its colonial past, Canadian culture has historically been heavily influenced by British culture. Quebec maintains a French culture but has been largely cut off from Parisian trends for 250 years. Since 1800 Canadian culture has been greatly influenced by American culture, due to the proximity and the migration of people, ideas, and capital. Amidst this, Canadian culture has developed some unique characteristics, and many Canadian movies, authors, television shows, and musicians are equally popular in United States. The Canadian television industry has a local content requirement, which requires the use of Canadian actors in Canadian productions. Canadian culture has also been influenced by indigenous cultures, and by immigrant groups from around the world. It has the highest per capita immigration rate of any country in the world, with the percentage growing every day.<ref>http://www.statcan.ca/Daily/English/080402/d080402a.htm</ref>

Canada has two federal official languages, French and English. The province of Quebec has French as its official language, New Brunswick both French and English, making it the only bilingual province, and all other provinces English (although in some parts of Ontario French has special status). The territory of Nunavut has Inuktitut and Innuinaqtun as official languages in addition to French and English, the North West territories has eleven official languages, and the Yukon recognizes French and English.

Canada tends to reflect significantly more liberal social policies than the neighboring states of the northern U.S. One such example is the legalizing of [[same-sex "marriage"]] in June 2005.<ref>[http://www.cbc.ca/canada/story/2005/06/28/samesex050628.html CBC news article on passing of gay marriage law]</ref> Another is its single-payer health care system.

In comparing the suicide rates between Canada and its closest neighbour the US, Canada has a slightly higher rate.<ref>[http://www.who.int/mental_health/prevention/suicide/suiciderates/en/ WHO: Suicide rates]</ref> It has been suggested that this slightly higher rate of suicide is induced by Seasonal Affective Disorder, a mental health disorder prevalent in northern countries due the significantly reduced or non-existent daylight hours during the winter. Severe episodes of Seasonal Affective Disorder can cause suicidal thoughts.<ref>http://www.cmha.ca/bins/content_page.asp?cid=3-86-93-291</ref>

<center>
[[File:Toronto Canada 2009.jpg]]

Panorama of Toronto, Ontario.
</center>

===Sports===
See [[Canadian sports]]
[[File:Canada Orchestra.jpg|thumb|Collegiate band.]]
Notable sports which are enjoyed throughout Canada include [[hockey]], [[curling]], [[lacrosse]], and [[football]]. Canada collected 18 medals in the Summer Olympics, more per capita than the United States but less than Australia. The country finished third overall in the Torino Winter Olympics, with a total of 24 medals, one less than the United States and 10 more than next-place [[Sweden]]. The most recent winter Olympics was held in 2010 in Vancouver and Whistler. Canada finished third overall in the medal count and was first in the gold medal count with 14 gold. This was the first instance of Canada winning a gold medal on home ground and a moment of national pride.

====Cultural Style====

Canadian culture puts stress on open-mindedness and tolerance of multiple viewpoints.<ref>See [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/global/main.jhtml?xml=/global/features/cucanada.xml&source=EMC-exp_01102008 National Cultural Profiles, a guide from the London ''Telegraph'' to the thinking patterns of all the world's major cultures]</ref> Canadian opinion shows a strong sense of wanting to be independent of the U.S., although their economy, society, and culture closely resembles the U.S., and most Canadians live a short drive from the border. Canada is usually contrasted as a "cultural mosaic" to the United States' "melting pot". Canadian and U.S. polls habitually confirm citizens of both countries view the relationship with each other in a highly positive light, and consider each other with a special respect afforded to common allies.<ref>http://www.freeonlineresearchpapers.com/canadian-cultural-mosaic-american-melting-pot</ref>

====Education====
[[File:Mount St Helens erupting at night by Paul Kane.jpg|thumb|330px|Mount St Helens erupting at night by Paul Kane, 1847.]]
Education in Canada is the responsibility of provincial and territorial governments; curriculum and marking schemes are completely removed from the control of the federal government. Each province uses a different method of administering education, with variation in the number of years and the curriculum. Quebec, for example, has five years of secondary school finishing at the equivalent of grade 11 followed by two years of CEGEP, while Ontario has two years of kindergarten. Most provinces have kindergarten with school starting at age 5 going to grade 12 (age 17) as part of the public system. Some provinces have standardized provincial exams at the end of secondary school and/or at other designated grades.

Several provinces have two publicly funded school systems: public and private(either corporate or religious). The constitution also guarantees education in one's first official language and, as such, all provinces and territories have both English and French language schooling. Additionally, private schools both religious and secular exist throughout the country. Alberta has an additional category, known as charter schools. Charter schools are schools that have been created in the community to surround a particular theme. They could be artistic, vocational, etc.

A source of comparison is the Human Development Index, a measurement of literacy, education, life expectancy and standard of living. Using this scale, Canada scores +.967 and the U.S. +950.

====Religion====
''See also:'' [[Canada and irreligion]]
[[File:Gurion Hyman Jewish people of Canada.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Jewish people of Canada.]]
For the total population, in 2001, 12.9 million (44%) were Roman Catholic, with 8.7 million Protestants (29%). 4.9 million (16% ) report no religious affiliation (including atheists and agnostics). Other religions of significance in Canada include 580,000 Muslims; 330,000 Jews; 300,000 Buddhists; 297,000 Hindus; and 278,000 Sikhs.<ref>See [http://www40.statcan.gc.ca/l01/cst01/demo30a-eng.htm "Population by religion, by province and territory (2001 Census)"]</ref>

Catholicism formerly dominated Quebec until the "[[Quiet Revolution]]" of the 1960s, which has greatly reduced the power of the Catholic Church in Quebec, and its participation rates.

The proportion attending religious services on a regular basis has declined over the past 20 years. According to the General Social Survey (GSS), 21% of Canadians aged 15 and over reported they attended a religious service at least once a week in 2005, down from 30% in 1985.<ref>Colin Lindsay, "Canadians attend weekly religious services less than 20 years ago," [http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/89-630-x/2008001/article/10650-eng.htm ''Statistics Canada'' (2008)]</ref> Between 1985 and 2004, the share of Canadians aged 15 and older reporting no religious affiliation increased by seven percentage points from 12% to 19%. 37% of Canadians who rarely attend formal services nevertheless regularly engage in personal religious practices. Of of those who had not attended any religious services over the previous year, 27% engaged in weekly religious practices on their own. Overall this group of adults who regularly engage in private religious practices, but infrequently or never attend religious services, represent, 21% of the adult population. This pattern was most prevalent among older Canadians.<ref>Warren Clark and Grant Schellenberg, "Who's religious?" [http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/11-008-x/2006001/9181-eng.htm '"Statistics Canada'' (2008)]</ref>

Civil liberties organizations, the media, and some members of Parliament occasionally criticized federal and provincial human rights commissions and tribunals for their application of hate speech restrictions included in federal and provincial human rights acts, claiming that the commissions and tribunals at times limited free speech and expression, and religious rights. The commissions are required by law to process all complaints they receive.

A complaint against the editor of ''Catholic Insight'', alleging the magazine promoted hatred against homosexuals, remained before the Canadian Human Rights Commission at the end of 2008. The complainant alleged that he was upholding Catholic teaching on homosexuality in the magazine.

In June 2008 members of the Ontario legislature voted unanimously to maintain the tradition of reading the Lord's Prayer in the provincial legislature and to add a rotation of prayers from other major religious traditions and a moment of silent reflection for atheists. The vote was prompted by a proposal by Ontario's premier in February 2008 to discontinue the religious observance.

==Government==
[[File:Justin Trudeau blackface2.JPG|right|200px|thumb|Canadian socialist fuhrer Justin Trudeau, 2015-present.<ref>[https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2019/09/20/canadas-liberals-defend-trudeau-from-resignation-calls-amid-blackface-scandal/ Canada’s Liberals Defend Trudeau from Resignation Calls amid Blackface Scandal]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 20, 2019.</ref>]]
The government of Canada is split into two orders, federal and provincial, as outlined by the BNA Act. Each has very specific responsibilities, with some overlap. For instance, universal health care is mandated by the Federal Government, but it is administered by the Provincial Governments. Neither level has supremacy over the other. The Federal Government is run out of [[Ottawa]], [[Ontario]]; the provincial governments are run out the ten provincial capitals.

The federal parliament is bicameral, including both a lower house - the Canadian House of Commons - and an upper house - the Canadian Senate. The parliamentary system is based on the British parliament. Members of Parliament represent specific geographical areas, generally chosen to have approximately equal population. A single member is elected from each on a [[first past the post]] system. The [[prime minister]] is usually the leader of the party with the most seats, though two or more parties may form a [[coalition]] to form a government. The governor General (GG) thus appoints the Prime minister.

The Senate is made up of senators appointed for life by the prime minister (acting on behalf of the Governor General).

In almost all cases, Acts of Parliament are created in the House of Commons. After passing three readings in the House of Commons, the bill is passed to the Senate. The job of the Senate is to further debate the proposed legislation, before passing it to the Governor General for Royal Assent. The Governor General is the official representative of Her Majesty [[Queen Elizabeth II]], Queen of Canada. The senators and the governor general are appointed positions by the sitting government. Senators are "lifetime" (until 75 years old) appointments and the Governor General will sit for, approximately, five yerars. The Prime Minister of Canada is the head of Government of Canada, acting as the Minister of the Crown, a practise inherited from the British system. The PM's term can last up to five years.

All provincial legislatures are unicameral. The legislative process for provincial legislation is the same as for federal legislation, except that there is no Senate and the legislation is given royal assent by the provincial Lieutenants Governor, who represent the monarch at the provincial level.

From 1841 to 1844, the capital city of what would become Canada was located in [[Kingston|Kingston, Ontario]]. Subsequently, the capital alternated between [[Toronto]] and [[Montreal]] until 1857, when the capital moved to [[Ottawa|Ottawa, Ontario]].

The 40th Canadian Federal General Election occurred on October 14, 2008.<ref>[http://www.cbc.ca/canada/story/2008/09/07/election-call.html "Vote set for Oct. 14"]</ref> Currently, the Prime Minister is Justin Trudeau, a member of the [[Liberal Party of Canada]], while His Excellency David Lloyd Johnston is the Governor General. At present Canada is governed by a liberal [[majority government]].<ref>http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canadavotes2011/</ref>

===Principal Government Officials===
*Head of State—Queen Elizabeth II
*Governor General—David Lloyd Johnston
*Prime Minister—Justin Trudeau
*Minister of Foreign Affairs—Stéphane Dion
*Ambassador to the United Nations—John McNee

===Politics===

On October 19, 2015, Liberal Party [[racist]] Justin Trudeau was elected; he was re-elected in 2021.

On February 6, 2006, [[Stephen Harper]], leader of the Conservative Party, became Canada's twenty-second prime minister, succeeding Liberal Paul Martin. A policy wonk from Alberta, Harper rose from the ranks of conservative political party staffers. In Parliament, he became Leader of the Opposition (2002-6). In 2003 he became head of the western-based Canadian Alliance. He was elected the first leader of the Conservative Party of Canada when it was created in 2003 through the merger of Harper's Canadian Alliance and Peter MacKay's Progressive Conservative Party. The January 23, 2006 election victory by the Conservative Party ended twelve years of Liberal Party rule that, in the end, was tainted by accusations of corruption and ethical missteps. In the federal election on October 14, 2008, the Conservatives won 38% of the vote and formed a second minority government with 143 seats in the House of Commons. The Liberals won 26% of the vote and 77 seats in the House of Commons. As the party with the second-largest number of seats, the Liberals form the "official opposition."
[[Image:Supreme Court of Canada.jpg|left|thumb|200px|The Supreme Court of Canada.]]
The Conservatives made unexpected gains in Quebec by winning ten seats in the January 2006 election, but failed to increase their number of seats in the province in the 2008 election. The separatist Bloc Quebecois (BQ) had a majority (49) of Quebec's 75 seats (the BQ runs candidates only in Quebec). The left-leaning New Democratic Party (NDP) had 37 seats, and two independents also sat in Parliament. Harper beat off a threatening no-confidence vote in late 2008 by warning that a government that included the BQ separatists—who want Quebec to break away from Canada—was hostile to Canada's national unity.

On May 2, 2011 there was another election. The outcome was very dramatic and ground breaking. The Liberals traditionally placing first or second were reduced to just 34 seats becoming the third party of Canada. This happened from vote splitting in Ontario in which the leftists split their votes between the Liberals and the NDP. The Bloc Quebecois were destroyed in Quebec as the so-called "Orange Crush" of the NDP swept that province taking 59 out of 75 seats, leaving the BQ with a mere 4 seats. The NDP had their best results of all time and for the first time in history became the Official Opposition. The Conservatives came out on top though with 166 seats giving them their coveted majority. The Conservative lost the election of 2015 to the Liberal Party by a large margin.

Canada is ranked 5th on the [[Fraser Institute]]'s [https://www.fraserinstitute.org/economic-freedom/map?page=map&year=2014 Economic Freedom Index], with a score of 7.98 out of 10.

[[File:Commie vandals.png|right|300px|thumb|Communists vandalized the Memorial to the 100 million dead victims of Communism.]]
====2020 Leftist insurrection====

:{{See also|2020 Marxist insurrection}}
Canada did not escape the [[violence]], mayhem, and destruction of the 2020 [[Marxist]] uprising. In Toronto, [[Antifa]] declared [[class war]].<ref>https://youtu.be/XEQbLsRn6Zo</ref> In Montreal, a check cashing establishment was looted and destroyed<ref>https://streamable.com/3hwkx2</ref> and other businesses.<ref>https://streamable.com/92h4rr</ref> The Memorial to the 100 million dead [[victim]]s of [[Communism]] was vandalized.

====Leftwing totalitarianism====
[[File:2022 Freedom Convoy.PNG|left|250px|thumb|The 2022 winter Freedom Convoy protests against fascist [[vaccine mandate]]s and [[mask mandate]]s was the beginning of a movement to rollback leftwing totalitarianism.]]
{{main article|CCP virus in Canada}}
On April 1, 2021, [[Fox News]] host [[Tucker Carlson]] took aim at Canadian "COVID-19 hotels" created and funded by Liberal party boss Justin Trudeau, which Carlson compared with internment camps and which he pointed out illegally violate human rights by forcing Canadian travelers returning from overseas vacations to either be detained for quarantine at the facilities or risk heavy fines and imprisonment.<ref>[https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/tucker-carlson-canadas-covid-internment-camps-violate-the-most-basic-human-rights Tucker Carlson: Canada’s COVID internment camps violate ‘the most basic human rights’] at LifeSiteNews</ref> Carlson also reported on the substandard conditions of the detainment facilities, including food and water shortages, missing locks on doors and female detainees being sexually assaulted, and he also criticized state broadcaster the CBC for spreading [[disinformation]] about the facilities. In a similar earlier criticism of those facilities and the Trudeau regime's actions, Rebel News reporter Keean Bexte, who had similarly been illegally targeted and coerced after returning from an assignment in Florida, compared them to [[gulag]]s, pointed out that what the Trudeau regime is doing flagrantly violates sections of the Charter and announced that Rebel News would be suing the regime to force the abolition of the pandemic facilities program.<ref>[https://www.rebelnews.com/no_covid_jails_donation Update: We're suing the Trudeau government over COVID jails] at Rebel News</ref> On April 26, the Supreme Court of Canada ruled that the "COVID-19 hotels" violated Charter protections (specifically, against Section 7, covering the right to life, liberty and security of person, and Section 9, covering the right to not be arbitrarily detained), though it did not issue an injunction against the program; a full hearing on the constitutionality of said facilities is scheduled for June 1-3, 2021.<ref>[https://www.jccf.ca/federal-court-rules-isolation-hotels-violate-charter-protection-against-arbitrary-detention-declines-to-issue-injunction/ Federal Court agrees isolation hotels violate Charter protection against arbitrary detention, declines to issue injunction]</ref>

On April 26, 2021, the ''Toronto Sun'' newspaper published the results of a study by Douglas W. Allen, an economics professor at Simon Fraser University in the Vancouver suburb of Burnaby, British Columbia, indicating that the CCP flu lockdowns are ineffective and that the long-term societal harms of the lockdowns, including job losses and mental health challenges, are 282 times greater than any presumed benefits.<ref>[https://torontosun.com/opinion/columnists/furey-new-canadian-study-breaks-down-ineffectiveness-and-harms-of-lockdowns FUREY: New Canadian study breaks down 'ineffectiveness' and harms of lockdowns] at the Toronto Sun</ref> On the basis of that report, independent (formerly [[Conservative Party of Canada|Conservative]]) Member of Parliament Derek Sloan pointed out that the lockdowns are destroying Canadian communities and that few politicians in Canada were willing to oppose the lockdown diktats due to cowardice and lack of courage;<ref>[https://www.rebelnews.com/lockdowns_are_destroying_our_communities_derek_sloan_with_ezra_levant Lockdowns are destroying our communities | Derek Sloan with Ezra Levant] at Rebel News</ref> Sloan also spoke out against "vaccine passports" and the mass injection of children with the experimental CCP flu "vaccines", calling them "...an absolute negligent crime against Canadians."<ref>[https://www.rebelnews.com/it_is_an_absolute_negligent_crime_against_canadians_derek_sloan_on_experimental_covid_vaccines "It is an absolute negligent crime against Canadians": Derek Sloan on experimental COVID vaccines] at Rebel News</ref>

Prior to an anti-lockdown rally in Toronto on May 15, 2021, [[People's Party of Canada]] leader [[Maxime Bernier]] stated in an interview with Rebel News reporter Alexa Lavoie that all CCP flu lockdowns in Canada should be ended immediately, citing how the lockdowns have negatively affected many small businesses across the country; he also voiced opposition to "vaccine passports", saying that such documents would cause the creation of a "show me your papers" society (akin to [[Nazi Germany]] and the [[USSR]] and other Communist-ruled countries) and the creation of new societal classes based on vaccination status (i.e. medical apartheid<ref>Multiple references:
*[https://www.stopmedicalapartheid.org/ Stop Medical Apartheid website]
*[https://billmuehlenberg.com/2021/06/09/forced-vaccines-health-fascism-and-medical-apartheid/ Forced Vaccines, Health Fascism, and Medical Apartheid]
*[https://www.rebelnews.com/thousands_of_torontonians_rally_to_voice_concerns_about_medical_apartheid_and_government_overreach Thousands of Torontonians rally to voice concerns about medical apartheid and government overreach] at Rebel News</ref>).<ref>[https://www.rebelnews.com/we_need_to_have_an_ideological_revolution_maxime_bernier_on_lockdowns_vax_passports_bill_c10 People's Party leader Maxime Bernier on lockdowns, vax passports, Bill C-10] at Rebel News</ref>

As in the United States,<ref>[https://www.dailysignal.com/2020/10/09/the-governments-unfair-treatment-of-churches-during-covid-pandemic/ The Government’s Unfair Treatment of Churches During COVID Pandemic] at the Daily Signal</ref> worship services,<ref>Multiple references:
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xoOpd3N5R9M Pastor James Coates returns to GraceLife, RCMP try to disrupt services] at Rebel News YouTube channel
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AdpKoymxJAo Freedom of religion vs. B.C.'s Dr. Bonnie Henry: Time to open churches] at Rebel News
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5pUgkSv5WV8 Religion vs. State Day 2: should churches in B.C. really be closed?] at Rebel News YouTube channel
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zz2mOy-TjeY “Without hope, people have nothing”: Pastor criticizes Alberta COVID-19 response] at Rebel News YouTube channel</ref> other public gatherings<ref name="Edmonton Police">[https://www.rebelnews.com/edmonton_police_attack_peaceful_protesters_then_turn_against_journalists Edmonton police attack peaceful protesters, then turn against journalists] at Rebel News</ref> and many businesses in Canada<ref>Multiple references:
*[https://www.rebelnews.com/they_dont_care_if_my_business_shuts_down_ontario_small_biz_owner_speaks_out_against_town_council_covid_rules “They don't care if my business shuts down”: Ontario small biz owner speaks out against town council COVID rules] at Rebel News
*[https://www.rebelnews.com/manitoba_businesses_individuals_are_being_charged_its_time_to_fight_the_fines FIGHT BACK: Manitoba businesses, individuals are being charged & it's time Fight The Fines] at Rebel News
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r5-SS5lr21w “Alienated” from Alberta Health: New Dimension Tattoos followed mask bylaw, ticketed anyway] at Rebel News YouTube channel
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NIZl5y3rwRE Spa THREATENED with $100,000 a day in fines — Boho owner says microblading safer than WalMart] at Rebel News YouTube channel
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IkA1uCFgfqk “Common sense has gone out the window”: Noble Fox still fighting AHS] at Rebel News YouTube channel</ref> have been negatively affected by the illegal and unconstitutional diktats, police harassment/persecution and unjust punishments imposed by Justin Trudeau, Theresa Tam and their liberal provincial and municipal counterparts (including British Columbia premier [[John Horgan]],<ref>[https://www.rebelnews.com/bc_slapped_with_new_lockdown_restrictions_for_only_three_weeks B.C. slapped with new lockdown restrictions — for only “three weeks”] at Rebel News</ref> Ontario premier [[Doug Ford]],<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JOwBv17Qbas&t=6s WATCH: Doug Ford THIRD Lockdown Announcement!] at Rebel News YouTube channel</ref> Calgary mayor [[Naheed Nenshi]]<ref>[https://www.rebelnews.com/mayor_nenshi_is_the_one_who_asked_for_tougher_covid_enforcement_keean_bexte_joins_ezra_levant Mayor Nenshi is the one who asked for tougher COVID enforcement | Keean Bexte joins Ezra Levant] at Rebel News</ref> and Toronto mayor [[John Tory]]<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2w0MJS2it-g Toronto's “top doctor” lays out the plan for the New World Order] at Rebel News YouTube channel</ref>) during the pandemic while hypocritically allowing leftists to hold "protest" events.<ref>[https://www.rebelnews.com/bc_judge_rules_to_keep_churches_closed_but_peaceful_protests_wide_open B.C. judge rules to keep churches closed but peaceful protests wide open] at Rebel News</ref> [[Rebel News]] has also questioned why Theresa Tam and Canada's unelected provincial public health officers have turned into tyrants drunk on their own power, shutting down churches, fitness gyms, restaurants and various small businesses based solely on flaunting the power bestowed upon them by Justin Trudeau and the provincial premiers.<ref>[https://www.rebelnews.com/tyrants_public_health_officials_drunk_with_power TYRANTS: Our public health officials have become drunk with power] at Rebel News</ref>

====Liberals declare martial law====
{{See also|Justin Trudeau|Vaccine mandate|Faucism#Opponents of Faucism}}
Canada illegally suspended the civil liberties of all its citizens in violation of the [[Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms]] on February 14, 2022 under its ruling [[Liberal Party of Canada]] regime via [[Justin Trudeau]]'s invocation of the [[Emergencies Act (Canada)|Emergencies Act]] in a paranoid and desperate attempt to crush the anti-[[CCP flu]] mandate [[Freedom Convoy]] peaceful protests in the capitol of [[Ottawa]] and related protests elsewhere in the country.<ref>[https://www.rebelnews.com/justin_trudeau_invokes_emergencies_act_against_peaceful_truckers_rebellion Justin Trudeau invokes Emergencies Act against peaceful truckers' rebellion] at Rebel News</ref>

Under Canadian law, Parliament must ratify implementation of the Act within 7 days; on the fourth day of debate, the Liberals suspended parliament, ending debate.<ref>https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-10529061/Canadas-Parliament-SUSPENDS-debate-Trudeaus-Emergencies-Act.html</ref>

Trudeau refused to negotiate with the freedom truckers. Instead, Trudeau consulted with U.S. socialist premier Joe Biden who urged him to use federal force and coercion against the protesters by invoking martial law. Trudeau promised "quick action."<ref>https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/02/11/readout-of-president-bidens-call-with-prime-minister-justin-trudeau-of-canada/</ref> On February 14, 2022, at the urging of [[Joseph Biden|Biden]]<ref>[https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2022/02/14/trudeau-invoked-emergency-act-only-after-biden-urged-canada-to-use-federal-powers/ Trudeau Invoked ‘Emergency’ Act Only After Biden Administration Urged Canada to Use ‘Federal Powers’] at Breitbart News Network</ref> Trudeau invoked martial law against peaceful protesters in the [[Freedom Convoy]].<ref>Two references:
*[https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2022/02/14/justin-trudeau-grabs-powers-under-never-before-used-emergencies-act-to-stomp-out-trucker-protests/ Justin Trudeau Grabs Powers Under Never-Before Used Emergencies Act to Stomp Out Trucker Protests] at Breitbart News Network
*[https://dailycaller.com/2022/02/14/justin-trudeau-invokes-emergencies-act-canada-freedom-convoy/ Justin Trudeau Invokes ‘Emergencies Act’ In Unprecedented Move] at the Daily Caller</ref> Trudeau's move drew massive criticism and condemnation on social media from the public, while in response, the truckers in Ottawa announced that they will not back down from Trudeau (in spite of his threats to illegally freeze their assets and crowdfunding support<ref>Two references:
*[https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2022/02/wow-trudeau-regime-announces-terrorist-funding-will-now-include-crowdfunding-donations-anything-dont-like-video/ WOW! Trudeau Regime Announces Terrorist Financing Will Now Include Crowdfunding Donations for Anything They Don’t Like] at the Gateway Pundit
*[https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2022/02/14/trudeau-targets-crowdfunding-platforms-cryptocurrencies-under-terrorist-financing-rules/ Trudeau Targets Crowdfunding Platforms, Cryptocurrencies Under ‘Terrorist Financing’ Rules] at Breitbart News Network</ref> and revoke their insurance for standing up to him and his diktats<ref>[https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2022/02/14/trudeau-threatens-freeze-assets-suspend-insurance-freedom-convoy-truckers/ Trudeau Threatens to Freeze Assets, Suspend Insurance of Freedom Convoy Truckers] at Breitbart News Network</ref>) or give in to his illegal power grab.<ref>[https://youtu.be/oBnVGDzbFVw Trucker Freedom Convoy 2022 Coverage (Ottawa, Windsor Ambassador Bridge, Coutts)] at YouTube</ref> Polls showed Trudeau's approval ratings at 16%.<ref>https://www.independentsentinel.com/trudeau-tries-to-get-his-16-favorability-up-with-martial-law-against-truckers/</ref>

On February 16, 2022, Trudeau delivered an address in the Canadian House of Commons on the implementation of the ''Emergencies Act''. After [[Conservative Party of Canada|Conservative MP]] Mellissa Lantsman grilled Trudeau for fanning the flames of an “unjustified national emergency.”, Trudeau implied that the those in the [[Freedom Convoy]] were "[[Nazi]]s" when he said, {{Quotebox|"[[Conservative Party of Canada|Conservative Party]] members can stand with people who wave [[swastika|swastikas]]; they can stand with people who wave the [[Confederate flag]].” —[[Justin Trudeau]] <ref>https://www.politico.com/newsletters/ottawa-playbook/2022/02/17/ottawa-deserves-better-00009716</ref>}} Mellissa Lantsman is [[Jewish]]. In response to this egregious comment by Trudeau, members of the opposition immediately demanded Trudeau retract his comment. Conservative MP Dane Lloyd rose to the floor and called him out saying,

{{Quotebox|"I've never seen such shameful remarks coming from this Prime Minister – my great grandfather [[Bombing of Germany|flew over 30 missions]] over [[Nazi Germany]]. My great great uncle's body [[World War II|lies at the bottom]] of the [[English Channel]]. There are members of this body who are descendants of victims of the [[Holocaust]]. For the Prime Minister to accuse any colleagues in this House of standing with the [[swastika]]<ref>www.conservapedia.comflag_of_nazi_germany.png</ref> is shameful – I'm giving the Prime Minister an opportunity. I'm calling upon him to unreservedly apologize for this shameful remark,”

—Dane Lloyd<ref>[https://www.thedesertreview.com/opinion/columnists/trudeau-takes-a-beating-in-parliament/article_2ac42b8c-9026-11ec-abd3-53b2d2c1bb89.html]</ref><ref>https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2022/02/17/parliament-scolds-justin-trudeau-for-saying-conservative-jewish-lawmaker-stands-with-nazis/</ref><ref>[https://www.politico.com/newsletters/ottawa-playbook/2022/02/17/ottawa-deserves-better-00009716]</ref>}}
After Trudeau continued to ignore<ref>[https://www.thedesertreview.com/opinion/columnists/trudeau-takes-a-beating-in-parliament/article_2ac42b8c-9026-11ec-abd3-53b2d2c1bb89.html]</ref> the multiple<ref>https://www.politico.com/newsletters/ottawa-playbook/2022/02/17/ottawa-deserves-better-00009716</ref> requests for apology, Dane Lloyd again rose and said,
{{Quotebox|"The fact is, I don't know how any member of the Government Caucus can stand by this Prime Minister – when he accuses honorable members of the House of standing with a swastika! I'm calling on ALL members of the Liberal Caucus to denounce the Prime Minister. I've given him two chances to apologize – he has refused to apologize. Mr. Prime Minister – APOLOGIZE!"<ref>www.conservapedia.comflag_of_nazi_germany.png</ref> is shameful – I'm giving the Prime Minister an opportunity. I'm calling upon him to unreservedly apologize for this shameful remark,”

—Dane Lloyd<ref>[https://www.thedesertreview.com/opinion/columnists/trudeau-takes-a-beating-in-parliament/article_2ac42b8c-9026-11ec-abd3-53b2d2c1bb89.html]</ref><ref>https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2022/02/17/parliament-scolds-justin-trudeau-for-saying-conservative-jewish-lawmaker-stands-with-nazis/</ref><ref>[https://www.politico.com/newsletters/ottawa-playbook/2022/02/17/ottawa-deserves-better-00009716]</ref>}}

For more information, {{See also|Justin Trudeau}},{{See also|Vaccine mandate}}, and{{See also|Faucism#Opponents of Faucism}}.

===Policy===

Policy priorities of the Conservatives under Harper have remained fairly consistent since 2006: fighting the [[Recession of 2008]]; aiding the ailing [[Automobile]] industry; improving accountability and ethics in government; lowering taxes; fighting crime; reinvesting in defense; bolstering Canada's Arctic sovereignty; promoting national unity; and raising the profile of Canada's role abroad, through its combat mission in Afghanistan, contributions to stabilization in Haiti, and renewed partnership with Latin America. Harper has been friendly with the U.S., despite growing Canadian annoyance with restrictions on border crossings. Harper has been a strong supporter of [[NAFTA]], and works to increase Canada's oil exports to the U.S. He remains strong in the polls as Canada has suffered less from the worldwide [[Recession of 2008]] than the EU or the U.S.

[[Quebec]], with 23% of the national population, its distinctive French-language ("francophone") culture, angered the western provinces by wielding undue influence on the Federal Government and its repeated threats to national unity. Until Harper of Alberta became prime minister in 2006, the western provinces had denounced Ottawa's failure to appreciate the oil interests, one of Canada's major industries. Ontario complains that it pays out far more to the Federal Government than it gets back in revenues, while the Atlantic Provinces seek to assert greater control over fishing and mineral rights off their shores. The Federal Government ceded some power in a few areas of provincial jurisdiction, while seeking to strengthen the federal role in many other areas such as inter-provincial trade and the regulation of securities.

====National Unity====
Popular support for Quebec sovereignty appears to be on the wane, although Francophone pride in that province's unique cultural and linguistic identity remains very strong. Most Quebec voters seem to appreciate the economic benefits of remaining in the Canadian confederation and aim to advance their separate Francophone identity within the confederation. In a provincial election held on December 8, 2008, provincial Liberal Leader Jean Charest won a majority government. The separatist Parti Quebecois placed second.

====Quebec Secession Movement and the October Crisis====
[[File:Quebec1759.jpg|thumb|300px|right|Painting of British landing at Quebec, 1759.]]
There are trivial separatist movements lobbying for independence from Canada in British Columbia, Alberta, and Quebec. The only movement of real significance is in Quebec, where the province has twice voted on whether or not to separate from Canada, once in 1980 and again in 1995; the vote in 1995 failed by just 1 percent. On November 27, 2006, the Federal Government passed a motion declaring Québec a nation "within a united Canada".<ref>http://www2.parl.gc.ca/HousePublications/Publication.aspx?Pub=hansard&Language=E&Mode=1&Parl=39&Ses=1&DocId=2544166&File=0#OOB-1799206</ref>

This movement did reach a violent level however when the [[FLQ]] (Front de liberation du Quebec) undertook a series of letterbombings from 1963-1970 [http://www.canadianencyclopedia.ca/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0005880.com] The terror campaign reached a fever pitch when Pierre Laporte and James Cross were kidnapped in their own homes by gun wielding FLQ members. [http://archives.cbc.ca/politics/civil_unrest/topics/101/] The government initiated a crackdown in which the War Measures Act was put in place. This allowed the government to detain suspected terrorists without trial, and is the only time where the measure has been enacted in peace time. [http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/terrorists_spies/terrorists/flq/11.html]. The measure was widely supported by Canadians at the time. The action was short-lived however as the members of the FLQ were tracked down and arrested. The body of Pierre Laporte was discovered in the trunk of a car outside a Canadian military base. James Cross was released after intense negotiations with the government. The remaining members of the FLQ were either jailed or as a result of negotiations deported to Cuba.

===Taxation===
The average tax rate in Canada is higher than in the United States. In 2003, Canada's tax burden equals about 33.8% of GDP placing it in the middle of the G7 countries, with Japan lowest at 25.3% and France highest at 43.4%.<ref>[http://www.fin.gc.ca/activty/faq1e.html#Taxation Department of Finance Canada: FAQs]</ref> The US rate is roughly 25.6%; this discrepancy is consistent with the differing levels of social services which the governments funds. Canada also had managed to run without a budget deficit for a number of years under the last Liberal government.

Equalization payments, worth 11.7 billion Canadian dollars are made by the federal government to the provinces from richer provinces (currently Alberta, Newfoundland,<ref>[http://www.cbc.ca/canada/newfoundland-labrador/story/2008/11/03/have-not.html]</ref> and British Columbia) and the poorer provinces (Ontario,<ref>[http://www.cbc.ca/canada/story/2008/11/03/flaherty-ministers.html]</ref> Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick, Quebec, Manitoba and Saskatchewan). This is to ensure that reasonably uniform standards of services and taxation are kept between the richer and poorer provinces.<ref>[http://www.budget.gc.ca/2007/bp/bpc4e.html Budget 2007]</ref> These payments have not been without controversy as provinces begin to make more revenues from natural resources they do not want to give up the Equalization payments.
[[File:Urmas Paet Canadian Minister of International Trade Peter Van Loan, 2010.jpg|thumb|250px|The Minister of International Trade Peter Van Loan with Urmas Paet, Estonian Foreign Minister, 2010.]]
British Columbia's combined federal and provincial corporate tax rate is lower than any jurisdiction in the United States.<ref name=tax>{{cite web|url=http://www.britishcolumbia.ca/Invest/Business-Climate/Pages/CompetitiveTaxClimate.aspx|title=Competitive Tax Climate|publisher=British Columbia|accessdate=Aug 12, 2012}}</ref> The BC corporate rate is 10% and the federal rate is 15%.<ref name=tax/>

Canada also has a national sales tax, the Goods and Services Tax (GST) of 5% on all purchases. Some provinces add an additional percentage in the form of a Provincial Sales Tax (PST), or a combined Harmonized Sales Tax (HST) combining GST and the Provincial Sales Tax. Based on actual income, and a number of other factors, the government will refund GST/HST to eligible tax payers in quarterly installments on the fifth of the month in July, October, January, and April.

====Public Health Care====

{{See also|Two-tier system}}
In 1984, the Federal Government, under the leadership of the Liberals and The Right Honourable [[Pierre Trudeau|Pierre Elliot Trudeau]], enacted the Canada Health Act. This act was based on the five principles of "universality, accessibility, portability, comprehensiveness, and public administration".<ref>[http://www.fin.gc.ca/FEDPROV/hise.html History of Canada Health and Social Transfer]</ref> This public health care system is run in partnership by Health Canada and provincial Ministries of Health, who both contribute tax revenues. The federal government sets policy, while the provinces are responsible for actual administration. In 1995, the Canada Health and Social Transfer was created to replace existing systems for the transferral of tax funding to the provinces to administer social programs. The rationale behind the system is to allow all Canadians equal access to equal treatment, regardless of socio-economic status.

In Canada health care is frequently listed as top issue in election campaigns and is both a topic of frequent debate and a point of pride for many Canadians, Tommy Douglas the founder of medicare was, for example, voted the "Greatest Canadian" on a CBC television programme in 2004.<ref>
http://www.cbc.ca/greatest/</ref>

The current state of Canada's public health care system is gathering increasing media attention due to rising wait times. David Gratzer wrote:
<blockquote>... government researchers have provided the best data on the doctor shortage, noting, for example, that more than 1.5 million Ontarians (or 12 percent of that province’s population) can’t find family physicians.<ref>[http://city-journal.org/html/17_3_canadian_healthcare.html The Ugly Truth about Canadian Healthcare]</ref></blockquote>
Most of the blame for the current state of affairs has been placed on successive government mismanagement. This represents a failure of the federal government to properly regulate the level of service being offered in the provinces. People regularly have to wait between four and eight months for non-emergency surgeries. The median wait time for an MRI across Canada is 10.3 weeks in 2006.<ref>http://www.fraserinstitute.ca/shared/readmore.asp?sNav=nr&id=753</ref> In fact, former Prime Minister [[Jean Chretien|Jean Chrétien]] campaigned on a promise to shut down private MRI clinics because it creates a two tier system, regardless of the demand for more facilities.

In recent years, there has been suggestion from some lobby groups that Canada should adopt a two-tier health care system, while others have expressed strong opposition to this idea, including the federal government under the Liberal Party. Some argue that Canada already does have a two-tier health care system as the very wealthy can go to the United States for treatment. The argument for allowing private health care is twofold. The first reason is that competition may improve the quality of products and services, while the increase in options will allow those with the means to access private health care and may relieve some of the burden off the public system. Critics argue that health is a right, and that everyone should have access to the same standard of care.

Recently, in [[Québec]], a provincial judge has ruled that private health care providers must be allowed to compete with the government-run health care system.

==Defense==
[[File:Canadian Army ambulance Medical Truck.jpg|left|250px|thumb|]]
[[File:Afghanistan Canadian army.JPEG|thumb|280px|Canadian army at Afghanistan.]]
As of the most recent cabinet shuffle, Conservative MP Peter MacKay has assumed the role of Minister of National Defense.

The Canadian Forces is comprised of the Regular Force and the Reserve Force. The Regular and Reserve Forces employ over 62,000 and 25,000 members respectively. While the various branches wear distinctive elemental uniforms (DEU), the Royal Canadian Navy, Canadian Army and the Royal Canadian Air Force were amalgamated in 1968 into one common command structure.<ref>http://www.forces.gc.ca/site/about/index_e.asp</ref>
The Canadian Forces are <ref>http://www.canadianally.com/ca/forces-cf-en.asp</ref> equipped with modern vehicles such as the Canadian-built LAV III, the German-built Leopard CII tanks and both the American-built CF-18 Hornet and CC-177 Globemaster III. The Canadian government spends about 17 billion Canadian dollars annually on defence.<ref>[http://www.tbs-sct.gc.ca/est-pre/20072008/me-bd/part1/ME-030_e.asp http://www.tbs-sct.gc.ca/est-pre/20072008/me-bd/part1/ME-030_e.asp]</ref>

The Conservative government has continued the trend of increased defense spending initiated by the Liberals, and have also taken steps to decrease red-tape preventing the troops from having the necessary equipment to keep them safe and effective. They have also taken steps to establish Canada's sovereignty over its arctic regions.

Over 3000 Canadian troops are currently deployed around the world, including a few fighter planes used in operations in the middle East. Another 500 are deployed to the Middle East where they are attached to a US-led coalition fleet and the Standing NATO Maritime Group 1 (SNMG1). These are prime examples of Canada's capability for interoperability with foreign military forces.

==Economy==
[[File:O-bad-for-canada.jpg|thumb|200px|Leading Canadian newsmagazine evaluates Obama's threat to Canada, June 29, 2009]]

*GDP: $1.700 trillion (2020)
*GDP growth rate: 1.9% (2020)
*GDP per capita: 44,737 (2020)
*Natural resources: Petroleum and natural gas, hydroelectric power, metals and minerals, fish, forests, wildlife, abundant fresh water.
*Agriculture: Products—wheat, livestock and meat, feed grains, oil seeds, dairy products, tobacco, fruits, vegetables.
*Industry: Types—motor vehicles and parts, machinery and equipment, aircraft and components, other diversified manufacturing, fish and forest products, processed and unprocessed minerals.
*Trade: U.S. merchandise exports to Canada (2007)--$248.9 billion: motor vehicles and spare parts, industrial and electrical machinery, plastics, computers, chemicals, petroleum products and natural gas, and agricultural products. In 2007, 65% of Canada's imports came from the United States. U.S. merchandise imports from Canada (2007)--$313.1 billion: motor vehicles and spare parts, crude petroleum and natural gas, forest products, agricultural products, metals, industrial machinery, and aircraft. In 2007, 76% of Canada's exports went to the U.S.

===Liberal fascist expropriation of property===

In February 2022 Canadian Deputy Prime Minister Chrystia Freeland announced an expansion of “terrorist financing” rules that would allow banks to freeze assets with no oversight. The new measures also apply to crowdfunding outlets and payment processing providers. “We are broadening the scope of Canada’s anti-money laundering and terrorist financing rules so that they cover crowdfunding platforms and the payment service providers they use,” Freeland said. The expanded rules also apply to digital assets, such as cryptocurrency. In enacting the changes, Freeland said that what she claimed were "illegal" blockades "...have highlighted the fact that crowdfunding platforms and some of the payment service providers they use are not fully captured under the proceeds of crime and terrorist financing act." All crowdfunding platforms and service providers were required to register with the Canadian government’s financial intelligence unit, FINTRAC, and report “large and suspicious transactions.”<ref>https://nationalfile.com/canada-expand-scope-terrorist-financing-rules-will-allow-banks-freeze-assets-no-oversight/</ref>

GPS tracking of cell phone data is able to identify anyone within the vicinity of where protests take place.

Freeland went on to threaten Canadian Freedom Truckers with extreme measures if they do not go home. “If your truck is being used in these illegal blockades, your corporate accounts will be frozen, the insurance on your vehicle will be suspended,” Freeland added. Banks and financial services providers will also be allowed by Freeland to freeze or suspend accounts without a court order, intended by her to specifically target the Freedom Convoy and its supporters while hypocritically ignoring crowdfunding campaigns by violent leftist groups such as Antifa. “In doing so, they will be protected against civil liability for actions taken in good faith,” the Deputy PM continued - while she ignored that by acting at Freeland's behest in targeting the Freedom Convoy and other peaceful and legal protests, the banks would be acting in ''bad'' faith and thus would ''not'' be protected against civil liability.
[[File:Trudeau run on the banks.jpg|right|300px|thumb|Run on banks as a result of the liberal fascist regime's expropriation orders.]]
As part of his continued overreach of power, the Trudeau regime and the RCMP began sending the names of those taking part in the Freedom Convoy protests to Canadian banks with orders to freeze the accounts of the participants for standing up to Trudeau's actions.<ref>Two references:
*[https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2022/02/17/canada-police-to-distribute-names-of-trucker-protesters-to-financial-institutions/ Canada Police to Send Names of Trucker Protesters to Financial Institutions] at Breitbart News Network
*[https://www.rebelnews.com/confirmed_bank_accounts_are_being_frozen_under_justin_trudeaus_emergency_economic_measures_order CONFIRMED: Bank accounts are being frozen under Justin Trudeau's Emergency Economic Measures Order] at Rebel News</ref> The opposition Conservatives condemned Trudeau and Freeland's heavy-handed move of freezing bank accounts without evidence of what the regime claimed was "extremist activity", with acting Conservative leader Candice Bergen stating that Trudeau "...has jumped straight to the most extreme measure."

Canadian Justice Minister David Lametti told CTV News that citizens identified as supporting [[President Donald Trump]] are subject to “de-banking” as part of the Canadian government’s official target identification process. During the segment, Lametti hedged and dodged questioning about what terms and conditions the Canadian government is using to instruct the RCMP and financial institutions. However, after equating the Trudeau order to the same principles around terrorism, the ‘Justice Minister’ finally said:
{{quotebox-float|”If you are a member of a pro Trump movement who is donating hundreds of thousands of dollars to this kind of thing, then you ought to be worried.”<ref>https://youtu.be/Qisd2juHvps</ref>}}
Trudeau's expropriation order caused a panic and a run on the banks.<ref>https://www.investmentwatchblog.com/trudeau-inadvertently-caused-a-bank-run-in-canada/</ref> People rushed to ATM's to withdraw their cash before the government could seize it. Five major Canadian banks went offline, preventing a number of customers from using e-Transfers, online banking, and mobile banking services. The financial institutions affected by the outage included the Royal Bank of Canada (RBC), BMO (Bank of Montreal), Scotiabank, TD Canada Trust, and the Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce (CIBC).<ref>https://finbold.com/five-major-canadian-banks-mysteriously-go-offline-in-hours-long-outage/</ref>

===Business===

Canada has invested heavily in high-tech, export-oriented businesses, achieving major success in:
* Aerospace: Canada's global share of aerospace activity has tripled in the last 20 years, making Canada the world's 5th largest aerospace producer.
* Ag-biotech: Canadian firms’ revenues exceed those of US agro-based companies and are more than double those of Japan and the UK.
* Agri-food: Canada is the world's fourth-largest exporter of agricultural products.
* Automotive: Canada is among the Top 10 automotive countries and the 3rd largest exporter of automotive products after Japan and the U.S. Most of the output goes to the U.S. market.
* Biotechnology: Canada is a leader in biotechnology—one of the top five countries in the world.
* Plastics: Canada is the world's fourth largest exporter of moulds and eighth largest exporter of plastics processing machinery.
* see also [[Canadian railways]]

Canadians worry that Obama's economic policies will damage Canada's economy, especially [[cap and trade]], the Buy America rule in the 2009 stimulus, and environmental hostility to Canadian oil produced from oil sands.

===Energy===
Canada has vast natural resources and is one of the world's largest producers and exporters of energy. In 2005, Canada produced 19.1 quadrillion British Thermal Units (Btu) of total energy, the fifth-largest amount in the world. Since 1980, Canada's total energy production has increased by 86%, while its total energy consumption has increased by only 48% during that period. Almost all of Canada's energy exports go to the United States, making it the largest foreign source of U.S. energy imports: Canada is consistently among the top sources for U.S. oil imports, and it is the largest source of U.S. natural gas and electricity imports.<ref>See Energy Information Administration, [http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/Canada/Background.html "Canada" (2009 report)]</ref>

In 2005, the largest source of energy consumption in Canada was oil (31%), followed by hydroelectricity (25%) and natural gas (24%). Both coal (12%) and nuclear (7%) constitute a smaller share of the country's overall energy mix. From 1985-2005, Canada's overall energy mix has remained relatively stable, though hydroelectricity has decreased from 31%to 25%, as oil drilling is more popular than dam building. As of 2011, the trend has reversed, and Hydroelectricity is making 32% of the country's electricity. The remainder is produced by oil, and renewables.

==History==
[[File:800px-Tomb of the Unknown Soldier - Tombe du Soldat inconnu.jpg|right|300px|thumb|Canadian Tomb of the Unknown Soldier.]]
* See [[History of Canada]]
On October 20, 2014, during the [[Obama administration]]'s support for the [[global jihad]],<ref>https://www.israelnationalnews.com/Articles/Article.aspx/18032</ref> a homegrown Canadian jihadist struck two soldiers with his car in a Quebec shopping mall parking lot, killing one and injuring the other.<ref>https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/isis-terror/man-who-killed-soldier-car-was-radical-muslim-authorities-say-n230526</ref> Two days later, a Canadian born [[jihad]]i shot and killed an honor guard in the back at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier on the grounds of the National War Memorial in Ottawa. The jihadi fled to the Parliament building where Members of Parliament were caucusing. In an exchange of gunfir, the jihadi was shot and killed by the Sergeant-at-Arms of the House of Commons. Three others sustained injuries in the melee.

==See also==
*[[Canadian Security Intelligence Service]]

==Further reading==
* '''See [[History of Canada]] for a more detailed bibliography.'''
[[File:VC John Robert Osborn Statue Military of Canada Hong Kong.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Statue, Military of Canada, John Robert Osborn, VC, [[Hong Kong]]'s Park.]]
* [http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCESubjects&Params=A1 ''Canadian Encyclopedia'' (2008)] reliable detailed encyclopedia, on-line free
* Artibise, Alan F. J., ed. ''Interdisciplinary Approaches to Canadian Society: A Guide to the Literature.'' McGill-Queen's U. Press, 1990. 156 pp.
* Bickerton, James, and Alain Gagnon. ''Canadian Politics'' (2004) 584 pages, textbook
* Blore, Shawn. ''Frommer's Canada'' (2004) 828 pages travel guide
* Campbell, Robert Malcolm et al. ''The Real Worlds of Canadian Politics: Cases in Process and Policy,'' (2004) 342 pages
* Conrad, Margaret, and Alvin Finkel. ''Canada: A National History.'' (2003), college textbook.
* DK Publishing. ''Canada'' (Eyewitness Travel Guides) by Hugh Thompson (2002) [https://www.amazon.com/Canada-Eyewitness-Travel-Guides-Publishing/dp/0789495619/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1249580319&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Hallowell, Gerald, ed. ''The Oxford Companion to Canadian History'' (2004) 1650 very good entries
* Johnson, William. ''Stephen Harper and the Future of Canada'' (2006) [https://www.amazon.com/Stephen-Harper-Future-William-Johnson/dp/0771095546/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1239348955&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
* Morton, Desmond. ''A Short History of Canada'' 5th ed (2001)
* ''National Atlas of Canada'' (1st ed. 1906; 2nd ed. 1915; 3rd ed. 1957; 4th ed. 1974; 6th ed. 1999 is electronic)
* Pammett, Jon H., and Christopher Dornan. ''The Canadian Federal Election of 2006'' (2006)
* Pryke, Kenneth G. and Walter C. Soderlund, eds. ''Profiles of Canada.'' (2003). 3rd edition of textbook
* Toye, William, ed. ''The Oxford Companion to Canadian Literature.'' (1983). 843 pp.
* Wells, Paul. ''Right Side Up: the Fall of Paul Martin and the Rise of Stephen Harper's New Conservatism'' (2006)
* Westhues, Anne. '' Canadian Social Policy: Issues and Perspectives,'' 2003

== External links ==
[[File:David Sorensen Horizon Center Focus No 2 Horizon-Series 2004.jpg|thumb|David Sorensen, Horizon Center Focus No. 2, Horizon-Series, 2004.]]
* [http://www.gc.ca/ Government of Canada]
* [http://www.parl.gc.ca/ Parliament of Canada]
* [http://www.pch.gc.ca/ Department of Canadian Heritage]
* [http://cansim2.statcan.gc.ca/cgi-win/cnsmcgi.pgm?Lang=Eng&SP_Action=Main-Principal&SP_Mode=2 Statistics Canada current data]
* [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ca.html CIA World Factbook:Canada]
* [http://www.forces.ca The Canadian Forces], military
* [http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/11-516-x/3000140-eng.htm ''Historical Statistics of Canada'' (1983)] The major historical data source.
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zwDvF0NtgdU Canadian National Anthem]
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kNlTwaPQQH4&feature=related Canadian National Anthem (French)]
*[http://www.asianramblings.com/travel/hong-kong/battle-hong-kong/canadian-heroes-china-john-robert-osborn/ Battle of Hong Kong - Canadian Heroes in China: John Robert Osborn, VC.]

=== Political Party Websites (Major) ===
* [http://www.conservative.ca Conservative Party of Canada]
* [http://www.liberal.ca Liberal Party of Canada]
* [http://www.ndp.ca New Democratic Party of Canada]
* [http://www.blocquebecois.org Bloc Québécois]
* [http://www.greenparty.ca Green Party of Canada]
* [https://www.peoplespartyofcanada.ca/ People's Party of Canada]

=== Political Party Websites (Minor) ===
* [http://www.fpnpoc.ca/ First Peoples National Party of Canada]
* [http://www.partyofalberta.org/ Party of Alberta]
* [http://www.progressivecanadian.org/ Progressive Canadian Party]
* [http://www.mlpc.ca/ Marxist-Leninist Party]
* [http://www.canadianactionparty.ca/ Canadian Action Party]
* [http://www.peoplespoliticalpower.ca/ People's Political Power Party]
* [http://www.animalalliance.ca/ Animal Alliance Environment Voters Party]
* [http://www.westernblockparty.com/ Western Bloc Party]
* [http://www.chp.ca/en/index.html Christian Heritage Party of Canada]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Canada| ]]
[[Category:North American Countries]]
[[Category:NATO Members]]
[[Category:Christian-Majority Countries]]
[[Category:Canadian History]]
[[Category:Welfare State]]
[[Category:Socialism]]
[[Category:Gun Control]]
[[Category:Anti Second Amendment]]

Ottawa Police Service

2022-03-05T00:06:57Z

FresnoCA: Edited link

The '''Ottawa Police Service''' (OPS) is the municipal police force on the [[Ottawa]] side of the National Capital Region in [[Ontario]], [[Canada]].

The OPS had its origins in the pre-Confederation formation of the Bytown Association in 1847, with Roderick Ross becoming the first chief constable for the newly-formed Ottawa Police Department (the precursor to the OPS) in 1855. Over time, the OPD amalgamated the police forces of neighboring municipalities, starting with the Vanier Police in 1984. The OPS took its current name in 2001 with the amalgamation of several neigboring communities into Ottawa.

The OPS currently has 1,387 sworn members and 600 unsworn members in its ranks. It is currently headed by interim Chief Steve Bell, who took over following the resignation of former Chief Peter Sloly (see Controversy section below).

==Controversy==
*OPS Chief Peter Sloly, who had sided with Canadian [[Liberal Party of Canada|Liberal]] dictator [[Justin Trudeau]] and similarly made false accusations against the anti-[[CCP flu]] mandate [[Freedom Convoy]] trucker protest (including accusing them, without proof, of "harmful activities" and of spreading "hatred" and "violence"), announced his resignation from his post after he was criticized for his baseless accusations.<ref>Two references:
*[https://thepostmillennial.com/accusations-against-the-truckers-are-vicious-and-baseless Accusations against the truckers are vicious and baseless] at the Post Millennial
*[https://www.rebelnews.com/breaking_ottawa_police_chief_resigns_source_says BREAKING: Ottawa Police Chief resigns, source says] at Rebel News</ref> His replacement, Steve Bell, announced that it was now "illegal" to peacefully protest against the government.<ref>[https://theconservativetreehouse.com/blog/2022/02/17/ottawa-police-chief-it-is-now-unlawful-to-protest-against-government-100-checkpoints-have-been-established/ Ottawa Police Chief “It is now unlawful to protest against government, 100 checkpoints have been established”] at the Conservative Treehouse</ref>
*The OPS, speaking at Trudeau's behest, publicly claimed that anyone still protesting in Ottawa is now "breaking the law" (even though there is no law, either federally, provincially or locally, against peaceful protesting);<ref>[https://tnc.news/2022/02/16/ottawa-police-says-anyone-protesting-in-ottawa-now-breaking-the-law/ Ottawa Police says anyone protesting in Ottawa now “breaking the law”] at True North</ref> in response, members of the main protest voted to dismiss the invocation of the [[Emergencies Act (Canada)|Emergencies Act]] (which Trudeau invoked on February 14, 2022 in disproportionate response to the peaceful Freedom Convoy protests<ref>Two references:
*[https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2022/02/14/justin-trudeau-grabs-powers-under-never-before-used-emergencies-act-to-stomp-out-trucker-protests/ Justin Trudeau Grabs Powers Under Never-Before Used Emergencies Act to Stomp Out Trucker Protests] at Breitbart News Network
*[https://dailycaller.com/2022/02/14/justin-trudeau-invokes-emergencies-act-canada-freedom-convoy/ Justin Trudeau Invokes ‘Emergencies Act’ In Unprecedented Move] at the Daily Caller</ref>) as nothing more than a scare tactic utilized by Trudeau for intimidation purposes.<ref>[https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2022/02/17/freedom-convoy-protesters-dismiss-justin-trudeaus-emergency-powers-move/ Freedom Convoy Protesters Dismiss Justin Trudeau’s Emergency Powers Move] at Breitbart News Network</ref>
*Trudeau began employing the OPS as his personal [[Gestapo]] to begin illegal arrests and seizures of the truckers' private property in violation of the [[Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms]]. He started by ordering the arrests of Freedom Convoy organizers Chris Barber and Tamara Lich on false charges of "counseling to commit mischief" (a charge that would actually apply to the organizers of the violent riots perpetrated by Antifa, Black Lives Matter and other far-Left hate groups favored by Trudeau<ref>[https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2022/02/trudeau-donated-black-lives-matter-kneeled-obedience-arrests-working-truckers-freezes-bank-accounts-steals-dogs-oppose-vax-rules/ Trudeau Donated to Black Lives Matter and Kneeled in Obedience — Then Arrests Working Truckers, Freezes Their Bank Accounts and Steals Their Dogs who Oppose His Vax Mandates] at the Gateway Pundit</ref> and other corrupt leftist politicians), with Barber also being falsely charged with "counseling to disobey a court order" and "counseling to obstruct police".<ref>[https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2022/02/canadian-convoy-protest-organizers-tamara-lich-chris-barber-arrested-ottawa/ Canadian Convoy Protest Organizers Tamara Lich, Chris Barber Arrested in Ottawa] at the Gateway Pundit</ref>
*The OPS, to cover up their crimes (including vandalism, assaults and the use of disproportionate force against the peaceful protesters),<ref>[https://www.rebelnews.com/live_police_arresting_freedom_convoy_protesters_in_ottawa LIVE: Police arresting Freedom Convoy protesters in Ottawa] at Rebel News</ref> also began making illegal threats of arrest (in violation of freedom of speech and freedom of the press) against members of the media who cover the Freedom Convoy,<ref>Two References:
*[https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2022/02/ottawa-police-threatens-arrest-media-covering-freedom-convoy-arrests/ Ottawa Police Threaten to Arrest Media Covering Freedom Convoy Arrests] at the Gateway Pundit
*[https://www.rebelnews.com/ottawa_police_threaten_media_with_arrest_for_covering_enforcement_against_peaceful_protesters Ottawa Police threaten media with arrest for covering enforcement against peaceful protesters] at Rebel News</ref> while protesters prevented the OPS from illegally arresting another trucker;<ref>[https://www.rebelnews.com/convoy_protesters_link_arms_to_prevent_ottawa_police_from_arresting_lone_trucker Convoy protesters link arms to prevent Ottawa police from arresting lone trucker] at Rebel News</ref> in response to the OPS' threat against journalists, several constitutional rights groups condemned the force.<ref>[https://tnc.news/2022/02/18/constitutional-groups-blast-ottawa-police-for-threatening-to-arrest-media/ Constitutional groups blast Ottawa Police for threatening to arrest media] at True North</ref>
*Hundreds more OPS officers, along with officers brought in from outside of Ottawa and from out of province, began flooding into Ottawa under orders from Trudeau to deal Gestapo-style with the Freedom Convoy and began violently clashing with protesters,<ref>[https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2022/02/crackdown-ramps-ottawa-police-clash-truckers-make-mass-arrests-begin-smashing-windows-forcefully-remove-protesters-vehicles-video/ CRACKDOWN RAMPS UP: Ottawa Police Clash with Truckers As They Make Mass Arrests – Begin Smashing Windows to Forcefully Remove Protesters from Vehicles] at the Gateway Pundit</ref>, with there even being reports of police snipers on the rooftops of buildings near the site of the main protest.<ref>[https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2022/02/big-standoff-ottawa-hundreds-cops-brought-snipers-buildings-trudeaus-tiananmen-square/ BIG STANDOFF IN OTTAWA – Hundreds of Cops Brought In – Snipers on Buildings – Trudeau’s Tiananmen Square] at the Gateway Pundit</ref>
*True North journalist Andrew Lawton was pepper sprayed by OPS jackboots as part of their Trudeau-ordered Gestapo-style illegal crackdown against the Freedom Convoy; in response, Candice Malcolm, another journalist for True North, has hired a lawyer to take the OPS to court for assault and targeting of a journalist.<ref>[https://www.rebelnews.com/journalist_andrew_lawton_pepper_sprayed_by_ottawa_police Journalist Andrew Lawton pepper sprayed by Ottawa police] at Rebel News</ref>
*Several OPS jackboots gang-attacked and viciously assaulted one protester and falsely accused other protesters of "assaulting" officers and tying to "grab their guns", while Trudeau ignored the carnage he had unleashed as he tweeted about the 2022 Winter Olympics in [[Peking]],<ref>[https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2022/02/canadian-officials-make-mass-arrests-arrest-live-stream-reporter-broadcast-beat-protester-ground-stick-justin-trudeau-tweets-olympic-skater/ Canadian Officials Make Mass Arrests – Arrest Live-Stream Reporter During Broadcast — Beat Protester on the Ground with a Stick – As Justin Trudeau Tweets About Olympic Skater] at the Gateway Pundit</ref> for which he was almost universally roasted on Twitter.
*Acting in collusion with the OPS, mounted RCMP officers in Ottawa later escalated the violence when they charged their horses into a group of protesters and brutally trampled several of them, including an elderly woman with a walker, and even callously laughing about their vicious and illegal actions, while Ottawa Public Health, in covering for the criminal actions of the jackboots, [[Streisand effect|told Twitter users to "turn off Twitter" to keep said actions from being seen]].<ref>[https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2022/02/rcmp-escalation-mounted-police-horseback-trample-handicapped-woman-walker-street-video/ RCMP ESCALATION: Mounted Police on Horseback Trample Handicapped Woman with Walker in the Street] at the Gateway Pundit</ref> While the trampling victim, an elderly First Nations woman who took part in the Freedom Convoy protest, was originally reported to have been killed, independent journalist Keean Bexte later reported that she was alive and hospitalized with a dislocated shoulder.<ref>[https://twitter.com/TheRealKeean/status/1495217451235217408 Keean Bexte: "The woman who was trampled by Trudeau's officers is not dead. Thank god. Her shoulder was dislocated and she is in hospital. Care to correct the "no injuries" statement, @OttawaPolice?"] at Twitter</ref>
*Rebel News reporter Alexa Lavoie was viciously assaulted and injured by OPS jackboots, one of whom lunged at her and struck her in the head three times without provocation, followed by a second jackboot shooting a tear gas canister at her leg at point-blank range, all of which was caught live on camera as she was covering the OPS' continuing Trudeau-ordered Gestapo tactics against Freedom Convoy protesters.<ref>Two references:
*[https://www.rebelnews.com/breaking_rebel_news_journalist_alexa_lavoie_attacked_by_ottawa_police BREAKING: Rebel News journalist Alexa Lavoie attacked by Ottawa police] at Rebel News
*[https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2022/02/breaking-canadian-protests-continue-police-assault-rebel-news-reporter-purposefully-clubbed-head-batons-shot-point-blank-leg-gas-canister-video/ BREAKING: Canadian Protests Continue – Police Assault Rebel News Reporter “Purposefully” Clubbed in The Head with Batons and Shot Point-Blank in Leg with Gas Canister] at the Gateway Pundit</ref> Several of the protesters rescued Lavoie from being further attacked by the uniformed thugs. Rebel News host Ezra Levant, who speculated that Trudeau has officially ordered his jackboots to attack journalists who film their criminal activity and pointed out that some of them intentionally attacked Lavoie after they saw her filming them assaulting protesters, announced that the news outlet will sue the OPS for its criminal assault against Lavoie.
:*When Rebel News reporter David Menzies later confronted Steve Bell during a press conference about his jackboots' assault of Lavoie, Bell engaged in plausible deniability by claiming not to know about the incident, despite it having been seen more than 100,000 times on Twitter.<ref>[https://www.rebelnews.com/interim_chief_vast_majority_of_officers_have_been_extremely_professional Interim Chief: 'vast majority" of officers have been 'extremely professional'] at Rebel News</ref>
*Steve Bell praised the actions of the jackboots under his command, claiming that their acts of violent and lawless thuggery have been "lawful and safe" despite being the exact opposite.<ref>[https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2022/02/commend-actions-ottawa-police-chief-claims-officers-used-lawful-safe-tactics-yesterday-beat-protesters-clubs-fired-pepper-spray-trampled-elderly-w/ “I Commend them For Their Actions”: Ottawa Police Chief Claims Officers Used “Lawful and Safe Tactics” Yesterday When They Beat Protesters With Clubs, Fired Pepper Spray, and Trampled an Elderly Woman With a Horse] at the Gateway Pundit</ref>
*The OPS has come under fire on its Twitter page for its continued false claims, lies and [[gaslighting]] in its posts regarding its own actions and those of the Freedom Convoy protesters, all of which have been debunked and discredited by video reports from Rebel News, True North and various independent journalists that expose the lies of the OPS<ref>[https://twitter.com/OttawaPolice Ottawa Police Service Twitter page] ('''Warning:''' contains posts by the OPS containing various lies and falsehoods)</ref> (including the false claim by the OPS that reports of one of the protesters being trampled and injured by a police horse during the jackboots' crackdown was "[[misinformation]]", despite video evidence and eyewitness reports exposing the OPS claim as a lie<ref>[https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2022/02/21/watchdog-says-woman-seriously-injured-horse-despite-ottawa-police-denial/ Watchdog Says Woman ‘Seriously Injured’ By Horse Despite Ottawa Police Denial] at Breitbart News Network</ref>). While a minority of liberal Twitter posters have actually cheered on and supported the actions of the OPS jackboots while immaturely mocking and ridiculing the protesters and their supporters, the overwhelming majority of posters have been harshly critical of the OPS and its lawless actions. When Ottawa citizens began flooding OPS phone lines to call them out in outrage over the OPS' tyrannical actions against the protesters, the OPS responded with threats of criminal charges against the callers - basically implying the OPS' implied entitlement to do as they think they please.<ref>[https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2022/02/outraged-citizens-flood-ottawa-police-phone-lines-complaint-calls-horrific-treatment-protesters-opd-responds-threatening-callers-criminal-charges/ Outraged Citizens Flood Ottawa Police Phone Lines With Complaint Calls About Horrific Treatment of Protesters – OPD Responds by Threatening Callers with Criminal Charges] at the Gateway Pundit</ref>
*OPS jackboots began firing rubber bullets and tear gas at hundreds of peaceful protesters in downtown Ottawa as the protesters defiantly held their ground.<ref>[https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2022/02/breaking-video-ottawa-police-shoot-rubber-bullets-tear-gas-peaceful-freedom-protesters/ BREAKING VIDEO: Ottawa Police Shoot Rubber Bullets and Tear Gas on Peaceful Freedom Protesters] at the Gateway Pundit</ref> Not surprisingly, the complicit liberal media covered for the criminal OPS by ignoring their actions.
*Several OPS jackboots were caught on camera dragging a protester between two trucks and viciously kneeing and injuring him while their comrades watched and cheered the jackboots on.<ref>[https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2022/02/brutal-video-captures-ottawa-police-dragging-protester-trucks-repeatedly-kneeing-officer-stand-around-approval/ BRUTAL: Video Captures Ottawa Police Dragging Protester Between Trucks Then Repeatedly Kneeing Him as Other Officer Stand Around in Approval] at the Gateway Pundit</ref>
*OPS jackboots illegally seized the vehicles of protesters who had been arrested during the crackdowns on the protests; Ottawa mayor/Trudeau puppet Jim Watson then declared that the vehicles stolen by the OPS would be auctioned off to cover the costs of the jackboots' actions, which state propaganda outlet the CBC justified.<ref>[https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2022/02/ottawa-mayor-announces-cars-seized-freedom-protests-sold-cover-costs-incurred-city/ Ottawa Mayor Announces Cars Seized During Freedom Protests Should be Sold to Cover Costs Incurred by City] at the Gateway Pundit</ref>
*The OPS and other officers assisting them displayed their "show me your papers" mentality (akin to [[Hitler]]'s Gestapo) when an Ontario Provincial Police jackboot demanded the credentials of Alexa Lavoie when she went to cover the OPS crackdown on the Freedom Convoy protesters, but when Lavoie produced them, he and a second jackboot rejected them, [[liberal denial|denying reality]] by claiming, despite proof being produced, that Lavoie "had no credentials" and claiming, without proof, that her credentials were just "...a laminated piece of paper you could have made at home;" the OPP jackboot in Lavoie's video for Rebel News was identified as Brad Milburn.<ref>[https://www.rebelnews.com/ottawa_police_block_independent_press_from_filming_inside_perimeter Ottawa police block independent press from filming inside perimeter] at Rebel News</ref> Rebel News reported that while independent news outlets were denied access to report inside the police perimeter (to prevent the independent journalists from catching the jackboots in the act of committing more atrocities against the protesters), liberal media outlets such as the CBC (who have willingly turned a blind eye to said atrocities from the beginning and have "reported" only the official Trudeau spin) were allowed through without question.
*OPS goons have begun harassing and illegally threatening arrest against Ottawa residents and out-of-town visitors for simply walking on city streets; one such hostile thug lunged at a woman out to get a coffee and assaulted her by violently ripping a cell phone camera out of her hands, then behaved in Gestapo-like fashion as he screamed at her for filming the jackboots and claimed to her that she was "in a red zone", despite there being nothing indicating that the area the woman with the camera was in was what the goon who lunged at her claimed.<ref>[https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2022/02/shocking-red-zone-right-now-dont-leave-right-now-will-arrested-ottawa-police-harassing-arresting-citizens-walking-street-video/ SHOCKING: “You Are in the Red Zone Right Now. If You Don’t Leave Right Now You Will Be Arrested!” – Ottawa Police Harassing and Arresting Citizens for Walking Down the Street] at the Gateway Pundit</ref>
*A braggadocious Steve Bell claimed that the Freedom Convoy was "finished" while he announced that strict security measures and checkpoints that had been set up in downtown Ottawa at Trudeau's behest would remain in place under a false claim of bolstering "community healing" to justify Trudeau's continued abuse of power and the setup of a [[police state]] presence in the downtown core.<ref>[https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2022/02/21/ottawa-police-claim-freedom-convoy-finished-strict-security-measures-stay-to-help-community-healing/ Ottawa Police Claim Freedom Convoy Finished: Strict Security Measures Stay to Help ‘Community Healing’] at Breitbart News Network</ref>
:*Bell later openly threatened participants of the Freedom Convoy that even if they left to return to their homes, the OPS would hunt them down and continue their illegal persecution and harassment against the protesters.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dIqBwrwfw_c Ottawa police chief: even if protesters "retreat and go home," they will be hunted down] at Rebel News YouTube channel</ref>
*The threats made by the OPS against the protesters, many of which were made on Twitter, ended up drawing a massive wave of negative blowback from foreign politicians (including United States [[Republican]] Senator [[Ted Cruz]] and former [[White House]] press secretary [[Kayleigh McEnany]]), journalists (including conservative commentator [[Dave Rubin]], who outright referred to the OPS as Nazis) and other public figures (including ex-[[Navy SEAL]] Carl Higbie, who was harshly critical of the OPS for its aggressive actions and for lying about what they did afterward, and conservative podcaster Mike Cernovich, who also directly called the OPS liars) and groups (including conservative NPO Turning Point USA, which called out the OPS for its unprovoked criminal assaults on journalists like Alexa Lavoie and Andrew Lawton), while a Twitter account parodying the OPS, calling itself the "Ottawa Gestapo", was created to mock the OPS official tweets.<ref>[https://tnc.news/2022/02/25/ottawa-police-tweets-shredded-by-international-pushback/ Ottawa Police tweets shredded by international pushback] at True North</ref>

==See also==
*[[Calgary Police Service]]
*[[Service de police de la Ville de Montréal]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Law Enforcement Agencies]]
[[Category:Bigotry]]
[[Category:Corruption]]
[[Category:Liberal Organizations]]
[[Category:Criminals]]
[[Category:Anti-Free Speech]]

CTV

2022-03-05T00:05:02Z

FresnoCA: Edited link

[[File:227px-CTV logo.svg.png|right|200px]]
'''CTV''' is an English-language Canadian commercial television network owned by media company Bell Media. It airs a mix of American TV shows and movies, along with some Canadian shows.

CTV began broadcasting on October 1, 1961. Its creation was the result of a decision made in 1958 by Canada's [[Progressive Conservative Party of Canada|Progressive Conservative]] government at the time, led by Prime Minister [[John Diefenbaker]], to form a new Canadian broadcasting regulator, the Board of Broadcast Governors, to take over those duties from the state-owned [[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]], which had been both Canada's public broadcaster and broadcast regulator until then. The BBG was formed to answer demands by private broadcasters to allow alternate choices to CBC Television and Télévision de Radio-Canada, the CBC's respective English and French-language television units. When CTV first went on air, it originally consisted of eight affiliated stations in [[Vancouver]] (CHAN-TV), [[Calgary]] (CFCN-TV), [[Edmonton]] (CFRN-TV), [[Winnipeg]] (CJAY-TV, now CKY-TV), [[Toronto]] (CFTO-TV), [[Ottawa]] (CJOH-TV), [[Montreal]] (CFCF-TV) and [[Halifax]] (CJCH-TV).<ref>[http://www.broadcasting-history.ca/listing_and_histories/ctv-television-network CTV history]</ref> Of those eight stations, CFRN was originally a CBC affiliate while the others all began as [[independent station]]s before joining CTV.

Since CTV first went on the air, the number of its affiliated stations has grown to its current level of 22 stations, making it Canada's largest privately owned television network, as well as the largest and most-watched Canadian network based on size and audience reach. While all of those stations began under independent owners, most of those stations, except for two, are now owned by the network itself due to CFTO's then-parent company, Baton Broadcasting, buying up most of the CTV affiliates between the mid-1980s and 2001. Baton itself changed its corporate name to CTV Inc. in January 1998, giving it control of both the network and its owned-and-operated stations.

In addition to CTV itself, parent Bell Media also operates several CTV-branded media outlets, including the secondary TV system '''[[CTV 2]]''' (consisting of stations in smaller cities adjacent to and targeting the major markets), themed cable channels '''CTV Drama Channel''' (formerly the Canadian version of American channel Bravo), '''CTV Sci-Fi Channel''' (formerly Space), '''CTV Comedy Channel''' (formerly the Comedy Network) and '''CTV Life Channel''' (formerly Gusto) and online video on demand services '''CTV Movies''' (devoted to feature films) and '''CTV Throwback''' (focused on classic TV shows).

==Criticism of liberal bias, journalistic and other unprofessionalism, racism and sexism==
Once a bastion for fair reporting in its newscasts, CTV, like the rest of the [[mainstream media]], has recently taken a turn toward the Left akin to the CBC and most of the American networks in its news reporting and has shown blatant [[liberal bias]] and dishonesty in certain reports it has filed. [[Rebel News]] head Ezra Levant has even said that like the rest of the [[liberal media]] the network has since joined, CTV reporters can no longer be trusted, and are now even hated by much of the public,<ref name="anti-lockdown rodeo">[https://twitter.com/ezralevant/status/1388868113756786690 1. CTV calls the police on the anti-lockdown rodeo. 2. CTV complains that people at the rodeo dare to take their picture. This is why people hate CTV and the rest of the Media Party] at Twitter</ref> because it cannot be determined if they are simply asking questions for their news reports or if they are willingly gathering intel to pass along to police forces.<ref name="CTV reporters">[https://twitter.com/ezralevant/status/1388991821905342466 Ezra Levant: "When CTV reporters show up, you really don’t know if they’re asking questions for the news, or to pass their intel on to the police. Do not trust them"] at Twitter</ref>

*In one report in which former Rebel News reporter [[Faith Goldy]] was viciously attacked and assaulted by far-Left [[Antifa]] rioters who showed up to crash an anti-illegal immigration protest in Quebec at the Canada-United States border and fight with the protesters,<ref>[https://www.therebel.media/media_s_true_allegiance_revealed_in_antifa_s_violent_attack_on_faith_goldy Media’s “true allegiance” revealed in Antifa’s violent attack on Faith Goldy] at the Rebel Media ('''Warning:''' Video contains coarse language and violence)</ref> CTV Montreal reporter Angela MacKenzie whitewashed the incident in her Twitter account by downplaying and minimizing Antifa's actions (including their calls to throw Goldy into moving traffic), calling them "counter-protestors" instead of the rioters and criminals they are (and even refused to identify them as Antifa) and used the leftist term "far-Right" (a smear term used by the Left to refer to conservatives) to refer to Goldy. MacKenzie's tweet drew immediate and heavy criticism against her on her Twitter account for her biased reporting<ref>[https://twitter.com/AMacKenzieCTV/status/997894252070817792 Angela MacKenzie: "Far-right blogger Faith Goldy makes an appearance and counter protestors push her out"] at Twitter</ref> and against CTV for selective editing of the video capturing the Antifa assault on Goldy.<ref>[https://twitter.com/faithgoldy/status/997891886554763266 Faith Goldy: "ANTIFA EVERYWHERE"] at Twitter</ref>

*In a press conference with [[Liberal Party of Canada|Liberal]] environment minister Catherine McKenna, CTV Ottawa reporter Mike Arsalides engaged in journalistic unprofessionalism by asking softball questions of McKenna while simultaneously belittling Rebel News reporter Keean Bexte, then was seen on camera putting on a smug and arrogant expression as he looked toward the Rebel News camera. Arsalides was also caught on camera interrupting and disrespecting Bexte when the latter tried asking tough questions of McKenna, following up on his disgraceful behavior after the conference by telling Bexte point-blank that "(he had) no credibility" and falsely calling Rebel News "fake news", then he started getting personal against Bexte by dragging Bexte's mother into his argument.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ve89XeD7NlU CTV News reporter MELTS DOWN after Rebel News asks McKenna tough questions] at Rebel News YouTube channel</ref>

*On an episode of daytime talk show ''The Social'' (the Canadian equivalent of ''[[The View]]'') in November 2019, Friday co-host and liberal elitist Jessica Allen engaged in racism, sexism and bigotry when, while trashing the sport of hockey, she accused it of being played by "white boys" (despite the fact that Allen is white herself) and falsely labeled long-time ''Hockey Night in Canada'' co-host and analyst Don Cherry a "bigot" and a "misogynist" during a discussion over the fallout of the firing of Cherry from that program by the CBC for making comments defending Canada's military veterans, which liberal pundits falsely claimed were "racist" and "anti-immigrant" but were, in fact, deliberately misinterpreted and twisted out of context by those same pundits.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9CVGwZr_zk8 CTV host's hockey-hating, “white boy” rant on Don Cherry goes viral] at Rebel News YouTube channel</ref> Allen was subsequently trashed on Twitter for her racist and anti-hockey comments (with a large number of posters calling for CTV to fire her from ''The Social'') after she first tried to dismissively blame those who criticized her for her comments and she refused to take responsibility for them,<ref>[https://twitter.com/jessieraeallen/status/1194420241658462213 Jessica Allen: "I hate to say it but a lot of you are proving the point I tried to make"] at Twitter</ref> then attempted to backpedal on the comments and offered a hollow, non-apology "apology" for them.<ref>[https://twitter.com/jessieraeallen/status/1194414141613707265 Jessica Allen: "I never said every white boy, just the ones whose unsavoury behaviour, which didn’t feel very Canadian, I witnessed"] at Twitter</ref>

*CTV, along with other Canadian news outlets, showed an abbreviated clip of dashcam video of the arrest by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police of Athabasca Chipewyan First Nations chief Allan Adam outside a casino in Fort McMurray, Alberta, which was intentionally presented out of context to make it appear as if the RCMP officers suddenly assaulted Adam just seconds after he got out of his truck, with one of the officers shown punching Adam in the face in what the networks were claiming was a "racist" incident to try to smear the RCMP. Independent journalist Spencer Fernando called CTV out for its dishonesty in presenting only the abbreviated video, which he accused the network of using in a calculated manner to deliberately stoke anger with viewers, insult their intelligence and divide them (though he did not excuse the actions of the officer who punched Adam in the face, stating that police officers have a responsibility that comes with their jobs).<ref>[https://www.spencerfernando.com/2020/06/12/establishment-media-shares-shortened-clip-of-chief-allan-adam-arrest-in-attempt-to-generate-rage-divide-canadians/ Establishment Media Shares Shortened Clip Of Chief Allan Adam Arrest In Attempt To Generate Rage & Divide Canadians]</ref> Following the criticism, CTV News producer Rosa Hwang deleted a tweet on her Twitter account that presented the video clip out of context, followed soon after by CTV presenting the full 12-minute video of the incident, which showed Adam acting in a belligerent and threatening manner toward the officers (who had originally arrived to speak to Adam about an expired license plate on his truck), refusing to obey orders and even assaulting one of the officers, all while apparently under the influence of alcohol, for the first few minutes before he was arrested, presenting a very different context to the incident as opposed to what CTV originally tried to present before it was called out.<ref>[https://www.spencerfernando.com/2020/06/12/after-criticism-for-spreading-short-video-clip-ctv-news-exec-deletes-tweet-network-shares-full-video/ After Criticism For Spreading Short Video Clip, CTV News Exec Deletes Tweet & Network Shares Full Video]</ref>

*The Canadian Broadcast Standards Council ruled that CTV had violated the council's code of ethics after a complainant pointed out that network reporter Joy Malbon had deliberately misrepresented the words of US President [[Donald Trump]] by claiming that Trump had said the [[coronavirus]] (specifically, [[COVID-19]]) was a "hoax" and that the network's newscasts, in doing so, displayed complete disdain for the President.<ref>[https://tnc.news/2021/01/28/ctv-broke-ethics-code-in-biased-report-on-former-president-trump/ CTV broke ethics code in biased report on former president Trump] at True North</ref> In fact, Trump had never said that, but instead said that the [[Democrat]]s' politicization of the outbreak was a hoax. While CTV subsequently admitted wrongdoing for the presentation of that report, it denied the complainant's accusation against it about having disdain for Trump. In response to CTV's denial, online conservative news site True North pointed out that the network, along with other Canadian liberal media outlets (particularly including the CBC), displayed journalistic unprofessionalism by blatantly fawning over the illegitimate installation of [[Joe Biden]] following the [[Democrat election fraud|Democrat theft]] of the [[2020 presidential election]] while obnoxiously ridiculing Trump.<ref>[https://tnc.news/2021/01/20/canadian-msm-journalists-fawn-over-biden-inauguration/ Canadian MSM journalists fawn over Biden inauguration] at True North</ref>

*CTV Calgary reporter Kathy Le drew some criticism on Twitter for a biased report she gave about a rodeo that took place near the town of Bowden, Alberta, where she was critical of the rodeo being held, as well as its attendance figures (which also included no social distancing or face masks), in defiance of the [[CCP flu]] lockdown edicts of Alberta "conservative" premier [[Jason Kenney]] (despite recent reports revealing that lockdowns, face masks and social distancing do not work).<ref name="CTV reporters"/> One critic compared Le to similar types who informed Nazi authorities about [[Anne Frank]] and her family hiding out above her father's office in Amsterdam during World War II when criticizing Le for ratting out the rodeo attendees.<ref>[https://twitter.com/MikeHansen613/status/1388995450968096775 Mike Hansen: "Someone just like you alerted authorities that the Frank family was hiding in someone's attic"] at Twitter</ref> Likewise, fellow CTV Calgary reporters Chris Epp and Timm Bruch drew criticism for their involvement in unjustly criticizing the rodeo; Epp was called out for snitching on rodeo attendees as Le did, while Burch was criticized for displaying hypocrisy in showing willingness to expose the identities of those who went to the rodeo, but complaining when he was filmed in turn by many of the rodeogoers in response.<ref name="anti-lockdown rodeo"/>

*Calgary CTV station CFCN-DT came under fire for using a stock photo for a news segment on family planning when it was discovered that the photo they used featured Chris Watts, a convicted murderer who had killed his pregnant wife and two young daughters.<ref>[https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2021/05/canadian-ctv-uses-stock-photo-chris-watts-murdered-wife-two-girls-segment-family-planning-video/ Canadian CTV Uses Stock Photo of Chris Watts, Who Murdered His Wife and Two Girls, In Segment on Family Planning] at the Gateway Pundit</ref>

CTV has also come under criticism as one of numerous Canadian media outlets, large and small, that took bribe money from Justin Trudeau (totaling nearly C$660 million) to cover for him in news reports (including asking him "softball" questions while whitewashing and ignoring the numerous scandals he has faced while in power) and spout the same [[fake news]], lies and twisting of narratives already being spewed by the CBC.<ref>Multiple references:
*[https://westernstandardonline.com/2020/10/how-trudeau-bought-the-media/ How Trudeau bought the media] at the Western Standard
*[https://www.breitbart.com/the-media/2018/11/22/justin-trudeau-gives-595-million-tax-relief-to-eligible-media/ Justin Trudeau Gives $595 Million Tax Relief to ‘Eligible’ Media] at Breitbart News Network
*[https://realwomenofcanada.ca/trudeaus-manipulation-of-the-media/ Trudeau’s Manipulation of the Media]
*[https://www.rebelnews.com/exclusive_news_media_who_secretly_took_trudeaus_61m_pre-election_pay-off Every news media who secretly took Trudeau's $61M pre-election pay-off] at Rebel News</ref> In an ironic recent turn of events, CTV became one of several media outlets that denounced Trudeau's invocation of the [[Emergencies Act (Canada)|Emergencies Act]] on February 14, 2022 (and its ratification by a Liberal/[[NDP]] bloc via parliamentary vote one week later on February 21) and his lack of faith-motivated heavy-handed dealings with the anti-CCP flu mandate [[Freedom Convoy]] protesters in Ottawa before and after the vote;<ref>[https://www.breitbart.com/the-media/2022/02/22/canadian-media-reject-justin-trudeaus-emergency-about-nothing/] at Breitbart News Network</ref> CTV News contributor Don Martin called the use of the Act to disproportionately and violently deal with the peaceful protesters "(a)n emergency about nothing" and predicted that Trudeau's time in office is running short due to the ensuing controversy, though Martin still saw fit to attack Conservative MPs who supported the protesters and to deny that Trudeau's jackboots had instigated violence against the protesters.<ref>[https://www.ctvnews.ca/mobile/politics/don-martin-an-emergency-about-nothing-as-tow-trucks-become-the-excuse-to-act-1.5790644 Don Martin: An emergency about nothing as tow trucks become the excuse to act] at CTV News</ref> The Canadian Taxpayers Federation launched a petition in February 2022 that called for an end to Trudeau's unethical use of taxpayer funds to bribe other media outlets (including CTV) to report favorably about the Trudeau regime and to lie about and smear the regime's opponents like the CBC does, as well as calling for the CBC to be defunded.<ref>[https://tnc.news/2022/02/25/taxpayer-watchdog-launches-petition-to-defund-cbc-and-end-media-funding/ Taxpayer watchdog launches petition to defund CBC and end media funding] at True North</ref>

==CTV affiliates==
===Owned by Bell Media===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Station
!City
!First sign-on date
!Notes
|-
|CIVT-DT
|Vancouver, British Columbia
|September 22, 1997
|Replaced CHAN-DT as Vancouver's CTV affiliate when CHAN switched to the [[Global Television Network]] on September 1, 2001
|-
|CFCN-DT
|Calgary, Alberta
|September 9, 1960
|Was Canada's first independent TV station prior to CTV signing on
|-
|CFRN-DT
|Edmonton, Alberta
|October 25, 1954
|Was Edmonton's original CBC affiliate until October 1, 1961, when it switched to CTV after CBC-owned CBXT signed on
|-
|CFQC-DT
|Saskatoon, Saskatchewan
|December 5, 1954
|Was Saskatoon's original CBC affiliate until 1969, then a dual CBC-CTV affiliate until CBC-owned CBKST went on the air on October 17, 1971
|-
|CIPA-TV
|Prince Albert, Saskatchewan
|January 12, 1987
|-
|CKCK-DT
|Regina, Saskatchewan
|July 28, 1954
|Was Regina's original CBC affiliate until September 12, 1969, when it joined CTV after the CBC purchased original Regina CTV affiliate CHRE-TV and switched it to CBC with the new call sign CBKRT (now CBKT-DT)
|-
|CICC-TV
|Yorkton, Saskatchewan
|Fall 1971
|-
|CKY-DT
|Winnipeg, Manitoba
|November 12, 1960
|Was originally called CJAY-TV until May 31, 1973
|-
|CHBX-TV
|Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario
|September 23, 1978
|Was originally call CKCY-TV until 1986
|-
|CICI-TV
|Greater Sudbury, Ontario
|October 25, 1953
|Was Sudbury's original CBC affiliate until October 3, 1971, when it switched to CTV when new CBC affiliate CKNC-TV signed on; was originally called CKSO-TV until 1980
|-
|CITO-TV
|Timmins, Ontario
|April 1, 1971
|Began as CKSO-TV-2, a rebroadcaster of CKSO-TV in Sudbury; became a standalone station and changed to its current call sign in 1980
|-
|CKNY-TV
|North Bay, Ontario
|December 19, 1955
|Was North Bay's original CBC affiliate until October 15, 1971, when it switched to CTV when new CBC affiliate CHNB-TV signed on; was originally called CKGN-TV until 1960, then CFCH-TV until 1970
|-
|CKCO-DT
|Kitchener, Ontario
|March 1, 1954
|Was a CBC affiliate until 1964
|-
|CFTO-DT
|Toronto, Ontario
|December 31, 1960
|Flagship station of CTV
|-
|CJOH-DT
|Ottawa, Ontario
|March 12, 1961
|-
|CFCF-DT
|Montreal, Quebec
|January 20, 1961
|-
|CKLT-DT
|Saint John, New Brunswick
|September 21, 1969
|-
|CKCW-DT
|Moncton, New Brunswick
|November 30, 1954
|Was Moncton's original CBC affiliate until September 21, 1969, when it switched to CTV the same day Saint John CBC affiliate CHSJ-TV (now CBC-owned CBAT-DT) added a rebroadcaster in Moncton
|-
|CJCH-DT
|Halifax, Nova Scotia
|January 1, 1961
|-
|CJCB-TV
|Sydney, Nova Scotia
|October 9, 1954
|Was Sydney's original CBC affiliate until September 26, 1972, when it switched to CTV when CBC-owned CBIT signed on
|-
|}

===Independently owned===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Station
!City
!First sign-on date
!Notes
|-
|CITL-DT
|Lloydminster, Alberta/Saskatchewan
|July 28, 1976
|Owned by Stingray Digital Group
|-
|CKPR-DT
|Thunder Bay, Ontario
|October 4, 1954
|Owned by Dougall Media; was a CBC affiliate until September 1, 2014; was called CFPA-TV until July 20, 1957, then CFCJ-TV until 1967
|-
|}

==References==
<references/>

==External links==
*[http://www.ctv.ca/ CTV official website]

[[Category:TV Networks]]
[[Category:Media]]
[[Category:Canada]]
[[Category:Liberal Media]]

Justin Trudeau

2022-03-05T00:02:57Z

FresnoCA: /* Declaration of martial law */ Edited links

{{Dictator bio
| image =[[File:Trudeau's eyebrows at G7.jpg|180px]]
| name =Justin Pierre James Trudeau
| birth =December 25, 1971 (age 49) [[Ottawa]], [[Ontario]], [[Canada]]
| parents =father unknown<ref>While [[Pierre Trudeau]] has commonly been identified as his father, evidence has emerged over time pointing to Cuban dictator [[Fidel Castro]] as Trudeau's actual biological father due to photo comparisons of the two, along with his mother Margaret Sinclair having been involved romantically with Castro as part of her unfaithfulness to the elder Trudeau prior to Trudeau's birth</ref> Margaret Sinclair
| religion =Roman Catholic ([[Catholic in name only|In Name Only]])
| education =Collège Jean-de-Brébeuf McGill University University of British Columbia University of Montreal
| spouse =Sophie Grégoire (m. 2005)
| children =3
| death =
| deathmanner =
| burial =
| country =Canada
| military =none
| rank =drama coach
| polbeliefs =[[Communism]] [[Marxism]] [[Fascism]] [[Socialism with Chinese characteristics]] [[Baathism|Assadism]]
| party =[[Liberal Party of Canada]]
| dictatordate =November 4, 2015
| war =[[CCP global pandemic]]
| deathnumber =35,000+<ref>https://health-infobase.canada.ca/covid-19/epidemiological-summary-covid-19-cases.html</ref>
}}

'''Justin Trudeau''' is the extreme leftwing [[fascist]] leader of the [[Liberal Party of Canada]] who suspended the Charter of Rights of Canadian citizens,<ref>https://globalnews.ca/news/8621256/freedom-convoy-emergencies-act-trudeau-charter-rights/</ref><ref>https://tylerpaper.com/canada-turns-authoritarian-to-shut-down-the-freedom-convoy/article_36e1e100-937a-11ec-a97d-a330067c7877.html</ref> invoked anti-terrorism laws against ordinary citizens,<ref>https://reason.com/2022/02/15/canadian-government-uses-terrorist-financing-act-to-target-financial-support-for-freedom-convoy-truckers/</ref> restricted freedom of movement,<ref>https://torontosun.com/news/provincial/warmington-cold-war-era-east-berlin-had-armed-checkpoints-now-ottawa-does-too</ref> performed mass arrests<ref>https://nationalpost.com/news/politics/legal-challenge-against-emergencies-act-planned-by-constitutional-rights-group</ref> and seized bank accounts of political opponents.<ref>https://www.sgtreport.com/2022/02/canadian-government-resorts-to-financial-terrorism-against-peaceful-freedom-convoy-protesters-demonstrating-why-we-the-people-can-never-trust-banks-or-fiat/</ref> Under Canadian law, Parliament must ratify implementation of the Act within 7 days; on the fourth day of debate, the Trudeau regime suspended parliament, ending debate.<ref>https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-10529061/Canadas-Parliament-SUSPENDS-debate-Trudeaus-Emergencies-Act.html</ref> Trudeau has been labeled in the [[EU|European Parliament]] as a "tyrant."<ref>https://nationalfile.com/dictator-euro-mp-condemns-trudeau-governments-protest-crackdown/</ref>
</ref>
Trudeau has repeatedly engaged in [[Liberal hypocrisy|hypocritical]]<ref>Multiple references:
*Duke, Selwyn (September 20, 2019). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/north-america/item/33471-called-a-hypocrite-justin-trudeau-s-blackface-reveals-he-s-two-faced Called a “Hypocrite,” Justin Trudeau’s Blackface Reveals He’s Two-faced]. ''The New American''. Retrieved September 20, 2019.
*Freddoso, David (September 19, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/opinion/justin-trudeau-isnt-a-racist-hes-just-a-massive-hypocrite Justin Trudeau isn't a racist, he's just a massive hypocrite]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved September 20, 2019.
*Spiering, Charlie (September 19, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2019/09/19/flashback-justin-trudeau-criticized-donald-trump-for-unacceptable-comments-on-race/ Flashback: Justin Trudeau Criticized Donald Trump for ‘Unacceptable’ Comments on Race]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 20, 2019.</ref> [[racist]] conduct including dressing up with [[blackface]].<ref>Martel, Frances (September 23, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2019/09/23/martel-conservatives-rally-to-defend-blackface-enthusiast-trudeau-from-racism-charges/ Martel: Ignore Conservative Pundits; Justin Trudeau Is a Racist]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 23, 2019.</ref> He has a history of dressing in ethnic and racially insensitive outfits,<ref>Hayward, John (September 19, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2019/09/19/photos-trudeau-blackface-scandal-follows-years-of-enthusiasm-for-ethnic-garb/ PHOTOS: Trudeau Blackface Scandal Follows Years of ‘Enthusiasm’ for Ethnic Garb]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 19, 2019.</ref><ref>[https://video.foxnews.com/v/6088217481001/#sp=show-clips Inside Justin Trudeau's long history of playing dress up]. ''Fox News Video''. September 20, 2019. Retrieved September 26, 2019.</ref><ref>[https://twitter.com/locoloc22684248/status/1494721035924561926 loco loco: "Trudeau throwing around the word 'racist' when he has dressed in "black face" and as a Nazi multiple times"] at Twitter</ref> and has made a large effort to be seen as "[[woke]]."<ref>Tomlinson, Chris (September 20, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2019/09/20/tomlinson-five-times-justin-trudeau-tried-too-hard-to-be-woke/ Tomlinson: Five Times Justin Trudeau Tried Too Hard to Be ‘Woke’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 20, 2019.</ref> When the [[Freedom Convoy]] arrived in the nation's capital of [[Ottawa]] in February 2022 to protest [[mask mandate]]s, in a typical leftist [[false flag]] operation, a video of a masked man carrying a [[Confederate States of America]] flag was widely circulated. Trudeau accused [[Jewish]] members of parliament of supporting [[Nazi]]s.
[[File:Trudeau blackface 2019.PNG|left|200px|thumb|Trudeau mocking Blacks in blackface.<ref>https://torontosun.com/news/election-2021/2019s-black-face-scandal-still-haunting-trudeau</ref>]]
[[File:Justin Trudeau blackface2.JPG|left|200px|thumb |Justin Trudeau in racist blackface. Liberals defended him.<ref>Martel, Frances (September 20, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2019/09/20/canadas-liberals-defend-trudeau-from-resignation-calls-amid-blackface-scandal/ Canada’s Liberals Defend Trudeau from Resignation Calls amid Blackface Scandal]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 20, 2019.</ref>]]
==Background==
[[File:Justin and Fidel.jpeg|left|200px|thumb|Justin Trudeau and Fidel Castro at similar ages.<ref>https://medium.com/@leibowitt/of-course-fidel-castro-is-justin-trudeaus-dad-nobody-has-debunked-anything-4db6fc8a9042</ref>]]
Trudeau is a former drama queen and coach.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/aug/22/justin-trudeau-the-rise-and-fall-of-a-political-brand</ref> He has benefited politically from using the name of former Canadian Prime Minister [[Pierre Trudeau]]. Trudeau's mother was notoriously unfaithful in her marriage and was consorting with [[Fidel Castro]] in the months before Trudeau was born. In her autobiography she refers to Castro as "the sexiest man I've ever met."<ref>https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/international/story/19790415-canadas-first-lady-margaret-trudeau-once-again-works-on-her-marriage-821948-2014-03-05</ref> It has been suspected that Castro may be Trudeau's real biological father.<ref>https://youtu.be/DtXmeWqkVuA</ref> Pierre Trudeau was 29 years older than Margaret. She was a [[hippy]] "flower child" of the 1960s sexual revolution. She was 20 years old when they met in 1968 and he was 49. Their paths first crossed with Fidel in 1970.<ref>https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/castro-and-trudeau-a-famous-but-also-fraught-friendship/article33058005/</ref> They kept their relationship secret until after they were married in 1971. They were divorced 13 years later in 1984 when Pierre was defeated as Prime Minister. Margaret's infidelity extended to affairs with Jack Nicholson, Ryan O'Neal, Lou Rawls, [[Ted Kennedy]], Fidel Castro and [[Rolling Stones|Mick Jagger]].<ref>https://www.macleans.ca/culture/just-margaret/</ref>

Trudeau represents the [[Montreal]]-area riding of Papineau in the House of Commons and became the [[Prime Minister of Canada|Prime Minister]] in the 2015 Canadian federal election. His election was boosted by workers from [[Barack Obama]]'s campaign team, who campaigned on Trudeau's behalf resulting in accusations of foreign interference in the Canadian election process.<ref>[http://canadafreepress.com/article/obama-campaign-team-hands-canada-over-to-the-lib-left Obama Campaign Team Hands Canada Over to the Lib-Left] at Canada Free Press</ref> His Liberals retained power in the 2019 Canadian federal election on October 21, 2019, but due to the various scandals that have befallen both Trudeau and his party, they lost seats (as well as losing the popular vote to the [[Conservative Party of Canada|Conservatives]]) and were reduced to a minority government.<ref>Multiple references:
*[https://election.ctvnews.ca/trudeau-vows-to-fight-for-all-canadians-as-liberals-win-minority-government-1.4647438 Trudeau vows to 'fight for all Canadians' as Liberals win minority government] at CTV News
*Wallace, Danielle (October 22, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/world/trudeau-rival-canada-liberals-on-notice-conservative-andrew-scheer Trudeau rival says Canadian Liberals put 'on notice' after narrow PM victory]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved October 22, 2019.
*Vieira, Paul; Mackrael, Kim (October 22, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/canadian-prime-minister-trudeau-headed-to-election-win-11571711840 Trudeau Wins Re-Election but Fails to Secure Majority]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved October 22, 2019.
*Hayward, John (October 22, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2019/10/22/trudeaus-liberals-narrowly-retain-government-in-canadian-election/ Trudeau’s Liberals Narrowly Retain Government in Canadian Election]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 22, 2019.
*Gillies, Rob (October 22, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/db4ffb2f5d7d4a66b1ca371a902e7fbc Canada’s Trudeau wins re-election but faces a divided nation]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 22, 2019.
See also:
*DeMarco, Donald (October 28, 2019). [https://www.lifesitenews.com/opinion/with-trudeau-re-election-canadians-voted-for-totalitarianism With Trudeau re-election, Canadians voted for totalitarianism]. ''LifeSiteNews'' (from ''Crisis Magazine''). Retrieved October 28, 2019.</ref> The Trudeau regime managed to retain its power, again despite facing numerous scandals, in the 2021 Canadian federal election by taking advantage of the [[CCP flu pandemic]] and via suspected foreign interference from China,<ref>Two references:
*[https://www.rebelnews.com/foreign_election_interference_in_canada_former_mp_kenny_chiu_on_election_integrity Foreign election interference in Canada? Former MP Kenny Chiu on election security] at Rebel News
*[https://www.theepochtimes.com/ccps-disinformation-operation-interfered-in-canadas-2021-federal-election-report_4137360.html CCP Disinformation Operation Interfered in Canada’s 2021 Federal Election: Report] at the Epoch Times (requires paid subscription)</ref> and it currently holds onto its power in a minority government only with the support of the federal [[New Democratic Party]].

During his election campaign and thereafter, the liberal media ran numerous fawning articles about him to sway his public image;<ref>[https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2022/02/21/dreamy-disney-prince-how-the-media-sold-justin-trudeau/ ‘Dreamy,’ ‘Disney Prince’: How the Media Sold Justin Trudeau] at Breitbart News Network</ref> although the liberal media continues to cover for him (particularly the private media companies that were bribed by Trudeau to start spouting the same fake news and lies already being spewed by his state media the [[CBC]]<ref>[https://westernstandardonline.com/2020/10/how-trudeau-bought-the-media/ https://westernstandardonline.com/2020/10/how-trudeau-bought-the-media/ How Trudeau bought the media] at the Western Standard</ref>), that veneer has since worn away in the eyes of the public thanks to his various scandals and his recent dictatorial actions against the [[Freedom Convoy]] protests against his authoritarian [[CCP flu]] edicts against Canadians exposing his true deceitful nature and fascist colors.

==Opposition to free speech and religious liberty==
{{See also|Religious freedom|free speech}}
In January 2018, Trudeau claimed that [[pro-life]] speech is not protected speech under Canadian law. When asked on where the Canadian government limits free speech, Trudeau mentioned abortion, stating that "an organization that has the explicit purpose of restricting women’s rights by removing rights to abortion, the right for women to control their own bodies, is not in line with where we are as a government and quite frankly where we are as a society."<ref>Richardson, Bradford (January 13, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/jan/13/justin-trudeau-canadian-prime-minister-scolds-pro-/ Canadian Prime Minister Trudeau scolds pro-lifers as ‘not in line’ with society]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved January 13, 2018.</ref><ref>Laurence, Lianne (January 13, 2018). [https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/trudeau-believe-what-you-want-but-we-draw-the-line-if-you-try-to-restrict-a Trudeau: Believe what you want, but ‘we draw the line’ if you try to restrict abortion]. ''LifeSiteNews''. Retrieved January 13, 2018.</ref> This was despite Trudeau's associating himself with [[Fidel Castro]] and a convicted Indian terrorist.<ref>Van Maren, Jonathon (March 5, 2018). [https://www.lifesitenews.com/blogs/justin-trudeau-hangs-out-with-terrorists-and-dictators-but-demonizes-pro-li Justin Trudeau hangs out with terrorists and dictators, but demonizes pro-lifers]. ''LifeSiteNews''. Retrieved March 5, 2018.</ref>
[[File:Michel Fidel and Maggy.PNG|left|225px|thumb|Justin's younger brother Michel carried by Castro with Justin's mother Margaret.<ref>[https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/watch-tucker-carlson-says-for-sure-fidel-castro-is-justin-trudeaus-father Tucker Carlson says 'for sure' Fidel Castro is Justin Trudeau's father], by Matthew Miller, ''Washington Examiner'', February 04, 2022.</ref>]]
Similarly, while Trudeau funded a left-wing group protesting a pipeline because of "free speech", he refused to fund any organizations opposed to abortion and the [[homosexual agenda]].<ref>Tennant, Michael (April 26, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/north-america/item/28927-trudeau-free-speech-demands-funding-pipeline-protesters-but-not-pro-lifers Trudeau: “Free Speech” Demands Funding Pipeline Protesters but Not Pro-Lifers]. ''The New American''. Retrieved April 26, 2018.</ref> He personally involved himself in the creation of those rules.<ref>[https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/trudeau-personally-involved-in-summer-jobs-programs-anti-christian-rules-documents-show Trudeau personally involved in summer jobs program’s anti-Christian rules, documents show]. ''LifeSiteNews''. October 15, 2019. Retrieved October 15, 2019.</ref> On May 10, 2018, thousands of Canadians protested against his abortion policies at the [[March For Life]] event.<ref>https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/thousands-to-protest-trudeaus-abortion-agenda-at-canadian-march-for-life</ref> In October 2018, Trudeau failed to directly condemn a physical attack on a pro-life woman because of her views.<ref>Risdon, James (October 4, 2018). [https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/justin-trudeau-refuses-to-condemn-attack-on-pro-life-wiman-roundhouse-kicke Justin Trudeau refuses to directly condemn attack on pro-life woman]. ''LifeSiteNews''. Retrieved October 5, 2018.</ref> In 2018, the Canadian government under Trudeau gave $88,000 to pro-abortion organizations while giving none to Christian organizations.<ref>Risdon, James (October 31, 2018). [https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/trudeau-gives-88k-to-abortion-groups-denies-funds-to-christian-orgs Trudeau gov’t gives $88k to abortion groups, denies funds to Christian orgs]. ''LifeSiteNews''. Retrieved November 3, 2018.</ref> Blacks have been the biggest victims of abortion in Canada.<ref>https://www.catholic.org/news/international/americas/story.php?id=32216</ref>

Trudeau stated in August 2018 that it is not enough simply to "tolerate" homosexuality, but that "acceptance" of it is necessary.<ref>Risdon, James (August 22, 2018). [https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/justin-trudeau-homosexuality-is-no-longer-about-tolerance-but-acceptance Justin Trudeau: homosexuality is no longer about ‘tolerance,’ but ‘acceptance’]. ''LifeSiteNews''. Retrieved August 28, 2018.</ref>

Trudeau's government spent millions of dollars promoting "gay tourism,"<ref>Laurence, Lianne (May 24, 2019). [https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/trudeaus-liberal-govt-sends-millions-of-taxpayer-dollars-to-promote-gay-tourism Trudeau’s Liberal govt sends millions of taxpayer dollars to promote ‘gay tourism’]. ''LifeSiteNews''. Retrieved May 25, 2019.</ref> and he pledged to spend billions of dollars to fund abortions worldwide.<ref>Laurence, Lianne (June 6, 2019). [https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/trudeau-pledges-billions-of-tax-dollars-to-fund-abortion-worldwide-for-ten-years Trudeau pledges billions of tax dollars to fund abortion worldwide for ten years]. ''LifeSiteNews''. Retrieved June 7, 2019. See also:
*Price, Emily (September 27, 2019). [https://www.lifesitenews.com/opinion/trudeaus-international-abortion-agenda-will-cost-canadian-taxpayers-7.1-billion Trudeau’s international abortion agenda will cost Canadian taxpayers $7.1 billion]. ''LifeSiteNews''. Retrieved September 28, 2019.</ref>

Trudeau, who prefers to grant interviews to state broadcaster the [[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]] and sympathetic liberal media outlets who he knows will give him only "softball" questions, refuses to acknowledge conservative news company [[The Rebel Media|Rebel News]] as a legitimate media outlet<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4SSXoqj999E Rebel Media DENIED entry to Canadian Embassy by Prime Minister's Office] at Rebel News YouTube channel</ref> and has gone out of his way to avoid tough questions from Rebel News reporters about his illegal activities and controversial actions<ref name="Trudeau sneaks out">[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9BpyP49BBHY Montreal police harass Rebel reporters while Trudeau sneaks out back door] at Rebel News YouTube channel</ref> while sending his aides to run interference for him, as well as sending hired goon squads (including corrupt police officers) to illegally harass<ref name="Trudeau sneaks out"/><ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x1XBEthpMF0 Ezra Levant UNLEASHES on RCMP demand to illegally search Keean Bexte at Trudeau event] at Rebel News YouTube channel</ref> and assault those reporters<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XOUp8BHtv3Y "New low": Rebel reporter PUSHED to ground — for asking Justin Trudeau a question] at Rebel News YouTube channel</ref> - the type of tactics typically engaged in by dictators such as [[Adolf Hitler]], [[Joseph Stalin]], the Chinese Communist regime and [[Hugo Chavez]] against opposition media. When Trudeau tried to block Rebel News and other conservative media outlets from covering a televised English-language federal leaders' debate (which was also the only English-language debate that Trudeau chose to take part in) during the 2019 Canadian federal election campaign, using the flimsy and hypocritical claim that Rebel News was "actively involved in advocacy" as the excuse to block its participation (while allowing in liberal journalists who themselves actively advocate for the Liberals and other left-leaning parties), Rebel News and conservative news website True North went to the Supreme Court of Canada<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5dpfPTU_0H4 We're BANNED from the debate, so we're going to COURT] at Rebel News YouTube channel</ref> and successfully overturned Trudeau's ban on the conservative news outlets covering the debate,<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4gTOHRO4LSQ We won! The Federal Court just ordered Trudeau to accredit Rebel News journalists!] at Rebel News YouTube channel</ref> dealing Trudeau a reversal in his efforts to illegally silence opposing viewpoints and asking of questions he and his fellow leftist politicians do not like. When CBC reporter Rosemary Barton, commenting on her Twitter account in response to the SCoC's overturn of Trudeau's ban on conservative journalists covering Liberal and government events, said that "...just because someone says they are a journalist doesn’t make them so", she drew heavy criticism for it in response, with some responders posting a photo of Barton taking a selfie of herself with Trudeau, while others took Barton's tweet and turned it around on her, pointing out with it and the selfie with Trudeau that, by her own standard, she herself is not a "journalist", only a partisan hack for Trudeau.<ref>[https://twitter.com/RosieBarton/status/1182483598508744704 Rosemary Barton: "Journalism is a critical part of democracy. And just because someone says they are a journalist doesn’t make them so"] at Twitter</ref>

By October 2019, Trudeau had stopped claiming that he personally opposed abortion.<ref>Laurence, Lianne (October 9, 2019). [https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/trudeau-declares-hes-no-longer-personally-opposed-to-abortion Trudeau declares he’s no longer personally opposed to abortion]. ''LifeSiteNews''. Retrieved October 9, 2019.</ref> In July 2021, Trudeau's bodyguards manhandled a Black female reporter who asked why Trudeau failed to label a rash of 20 church burnings as [[hate crime]]s.<ref>https://youtu.be/71ZmT4-MbBk</ref> In 2022 Trudeau accused [[Jewish]] members of parliament of supporting [[Nazi]]s.<ref>https://youtu.be/UoY4QvAz7z0</ref>

==Declaration of martial law==
On February 14, 2022, acting at the behest of the [[Biden regime]]<ref>[https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2022/02/14/trudeau-invoked-emergency-act-only-after-biden-urged-canada-to-use-federal-powers/ Trudeau Invoked ‘Emergency’ Act Only After Biden Administration Urged Canada to Use ‘Federal Powers’] at Breitbart News Network</ref> and in cowardly response to the anti-CCP flu mandates trucker convoy in Ottawa and related protests elsewhere after he spent some time in hiding from them, Trudeau, while lying about the truckers (including falsely calling them "terrorists") as he had been doing since their arrival, invoked the [[Emergencies Act (Canada)|Emergencies Act]] to use as his excuse to illegally crack down on protests against his regime and his mandates.<ref>Two references:
*[https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2022/02/14/justin-trudeau-grabs-powers-under-never-before-used-emergencies-act-to-stomp-out-trucker-protests/ Justin Trudeau Grabs Powers Under Never-Before Used Emergencies Act to Stomp Out Trucker Protests] at Breitbart News Network
*[https://dailycaller.com/2022/02/14/justin-trudeau-invokes-emergencies-act-canada-freedom-convoy/ Justin Trudeau Invokes ‘Emergencies Act’ In Unprecedented Move] at the Daily Caller</ref> Trudeau's move has drawn massive criticism and condemnation on social media from the public, while in response, the truckers in Ottawa announced that they will not back down from Trudeau (in spite of his threats to illegally freeze their assets and crowdfunding support<ref>Two references:
*[https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2022/02/wow-trudeau-regime-announces-terrorist-funding-will-now-include-crowdfunding-donations-anything-dont-like-video/ WOW! Trudeau Regime Announces Terrorist Financing Will Now Include Crowdfunding Donations for Anything They Don’t Like] at the Gateway Pundit
*[https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2022/02/14/trudeau-targets-crowdfunding-platforms-cryptocurrencies-under-terrorist-financing-rules/ Trudeau Targets Crowdfunding Platforms, Cryptocurrencies Under ‘Terrorist Financing’ Rules] at Breitbart News Network</ref> and revoke their insurance for standing up to him and his ''[[diktat]]s''<ref>[https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2022/02/14/trudeau-threatens-freeze-assets-suspend-insurance-freedom-convoy-truckers/ Trudeau Threatens to Freeze Assets, Suspend Insurance of Freedom Convoy Truckers] at Breitbart News Network</ref>) or give in to his illegal power grab.<ref>[https://youtu.be/oBnVGDzbFVw Trucker Freedom Convoy 2022 Coverage (Ottawa, Windsor Ambassador Bridge, Coutts)] at YouTube</ref> The leftwing fascist regime's ''diktats'' included provisions to coerce [[forced labor]].<ref>https://theconservativetreehouse.com/blog/2022/02/15/tow-truck-operators-who-do-not-comply-with-pm-trudeau-orders-to-remove-protest-trucks-will-be-subject-to-arrest/</ref> Police began smashing truckers' windows amid frigid winter temperatures. Polls showed Trudeau's approval ratings at 16%.<ref>https://www.independentsentinel.com/trudeau-tries-to-get-his-16-favorability-up-with-martial-law-against-truckers/</ref> Jagmeet Singh, the leader of the far-Left [[New Democratic Party]],<ref>[https://twitter.com/TrueNorthCentre/status/1493273514333413383 True North: "NDP Leader Jagmeet Singh says his party will support the Trudeau government's use of the Emergencies Act"] at Twitter</ref> and [[Doug Ford]]<ref>Two references:
*[https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2022/02/14/justin-trudeau-grabs-powers-under-never-before-used-emergencies-act-to-stomp-out-trucker-protests/ Justin Trudeau Grabs Powers Under Never-Before Used Emergencies Act to Stomp Out Trucker Protests] at Breitbart News Network
*[https://twitter.com/RebelNewsOnline/status/1493288173937610759 Rebel News: "Responding to a question about invoking the Emergencies Act, Ontario Premier Doug Ford says he supports 'the federal government in any proposals they have to bring law and order back to our province.'"] at Twitter</ref> announced their full support of Trudeau's power grab. In response to Trudeau's action, the trucker convoy in Ottawa, as promised, have defied him and have shored up by parking more of their trucks in front of the Parliament Buildings than had already been there previously.<ref>[https://twitter.com/lincolnmjay/status/1493415803303219203 Lincoln Jay: "Many of the trucks that were spread out around Ottawa have relocated on Wellington St. Many more trucks than usual in front of the parliament of Canada"] at Twitter</ref> Protesters gathered outside of the Canadian Embassy in [[New York City]] to condemn Trudeau for his power grab.<ref>[https://www.rebelnews.com/protesters_rally_against_trudeau_outside_canadian_embassy_in_new_york_city Protesters rally against Trudeau outside Canadian Embassy in New York City] at Rebel News</ref>

Trudeau also drew condemnation from the Canadian Civil Liberties association<ref>[https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2022/02/canadian-civil-liberties-association-speaks-justin-trudeaus-declaration-emergency-act-crack-freedom-convoy-protesters/ Canadian Civil Liberties Association Speaks Out Against Justin Trudeau’s Declaration of Emergency Act to Crack Down on Freedom Convoy Protesters] at the Gateway Pundit</ref> and the Canadian Constitution Foundation<ref>[https://www.independentsentinel.com/canadian-constitution-foundation-trudeau-set-a-dangerous-precedent-its-fascism/ Canadian Constitution Foundation: Trudeau “Set a Dangerous Precedent” [It’s Fascism]]</ref> for his actions, and several Canadian premiers also opposed Trudeau's actions and condemned him for political overreach.<ref>[https://www.rebelnews.com/multiple_canadian_premiers_oppose_trudeau_invoking_emergencies_act Multiple Canadian premiers oppose Trudeau invoking Emergencies Act] at Rebel News</ref> [[Fox News]] host [[Tucker Carlson]] pointed out on his show that Trudeau's invocation of the [[Emergencies Act (Canada)|Emergencies Act]] was the equivalent of declaring Canada a dictatorship, adding that the Freedom Convoy and the events connected to it do not qualify for the Act to be invoked.<ref>[https://www.breitbart.com/clips/2022/02/15/fncs-carlson-trudeau-has-declared-canada-a-dictatorship/ FNC’s Carlson: Trudeau Has Declared Canada a ‘Dictatorship’] at Breitbart News Network</ref> Subsequent to the event, Ottawa police chief Peter Sloly, who had sided with Trudeau and similarly made false accusations against the trucker convoy (including accusing them, without proof, of "harmful activities" and of spreading "hatred" and "violence"), announced his resignation from his post after he was criticized for his baseless accusations.<ref>Two references:
*[https://thepostmillennial.com/accusations-against-the-truckers-are-vicious-and-baseless Accusations against the truckers are vicious and baseless] at the Post Millennial
*[https://www.rebelnews.com/breaking_ottawa_police_chief_resigns_source_says BREAKING: Ottawa Police Chief resigns, source says] at Rebel News</ref> Trudeau, who previously attempted, without success, to hire tow truck drivers to remove the large trucks from the main protest in Ottawa and at blockades in Coutts, [[Alberta]] and Emerson, [[Manitoba]], has attempted to coerce the drivers into doing his dirty work for him by illegally threatening them with arrest if they refuse to remove the trucks.<ref>[https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2022/02/little-castro-justin-trudeau-now-threatening-tow-truck-drivers-not-cooperate-canadian-regime-face-arrest/ Little Castro: Justin Trudeau Is Now Threatening Tow Truck Drivers – Those Who Do Not Cooperate with Canadian Regime, Could Face Arrest] at the Gateway Pundit</ref> Trudeau's actions have drawn widespread condemnation from political leaders in the United States and [[El Salvador]],<ref>[https://www.breitbart.com/tech/2022/02/15/canadas-use-of-terrorist-laws-against-peaceful-protest-draws-international-condemnation/ Canada’s Use of Terrorist Laws Against Peaceful Protest Draws International Condemnation] at Breitbart News News</ref> with [[Ohio]] [[Republican]] congressman Warren Davidson announcing that he would introduce legislation in [[Congress]] to protect American citizens from similar such actions by the Biden regime, while Arizona [[United States Senate]] candidate and author Blake Masters outright called Trudeau a [[psychopath]].

Multiple members of Parliament shouted down Trudeau in the House of Commons for his dodging of questions and making flimsy excuses about his use of the Emergencies Act to suppress his political enemies, as well as his slandering of the Conservative MPs for their support of the Freedom Convoy.<ref>[https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2022/02/must-watch-canadian-parliament-members-shout-trudeau-multiple-times-dodges-questions-unprecedented-use-emergency-act-video/ MUST WATCH: Canadian Parliament Members Shout Down Trudeau Multiple Times As He Dodges Questions About His Unprecedented Use of the Emergency Act] at the Gateway Pundit</ref> Canadian conservative news site True North pointed out that Trudeau's drastic measures in invoking the Act indicates that the embattled and desperate Trudeau has lost all control of Canada.<ref>[https://tnc.news/2022/02/15/invoking-the-emergencies-act-confirms-that-trudeau-has-lost-all-control/ Invoking the Emergencies Act confirms that Trudeau has lost all control] at True North</ref> [[Louisiana]] Republican Senator John Kennedy pointed out that Trudeau's invocation of the Act is basically him claiming to be "smart" and "educated" while the truckers are not.<ref>[https://www.breitbart.com/clips/2022/02/15/gop-sen-kennedy-trudeaus-tyranny-of-the-managerial-elite-is-him-saying-im-smart-youre-not-truckers-want-to-follow-the-science/ GOP Sen. Kennedy: Trudeau’s ‘Tyranny of the Managerial Elite’ Is Him Saying, ‘I’m Smart, You’re Not’ – Truckers Want to ‘Follow the Science’] at Breitbart News Network</ref> [[Romania]]n member of the European Parliament Cristian Terhes denounced Trudeau for his tyrannical actions against the Freedom Convoy, calling what Trudeau is doing reminiscent of the oppressive Chinese Communist regime, then calling for his isolation by the international community.<ref>[https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2022/02/20/reminiscent-of-china-euro-mp-slams-trudeau-for-tyrannical-actions-against-truckers/ ‘Reminiscent of China’ – Euro MP Slams Trudeau for ‘Tyrannical Actions’ Against Truckers] at Breitbart News Network</ref> The paranoid Trudeau unilaterally insisted on keeping his "emergency" powers despite his jackboots having largely quelled the Freedom Convoy protests in Ottawa through violent means, claiming that "...(t)his state of emergency is not over... There continue to be real concerns about the coming days" while continuing to justify his use of the Emergencies Act;<ref>[https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2022/02/21/canada-justin-trudeau-insists-on-emergency-powers-despite-no-active-protests/ Canada: Justin Trudeau Insists on Emergency Powers Despite No Active Protests] at Breitbart News Network</ref> Trudeau also audaciously and falsely claimed that any MP in Parliament who votes to revoke the Act in opposition to his abuse of power opposes what he calls "democracy".<ref>[https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2022/02/watch-hours-parliamentary-vote-tyrant-trudeau-demands-emergencies-act-remains-place-claims-mp-votes-democracy-video/ WATCH: Hours Before Parliamentary Vote, Tyrant Trudeau Demands Emergencies Act Remains in Place – Claims Any MP Who Votes Against Him is Against “Democracy” (VIDEO)] at the Gateway Pundit</ref> Voting along party lines, the Trudeau Liberals and the NDP aligned to vote in favor of Trudeau's invocation of the Emergencies Act on February 21, 2022 with 185 votes versus 151 votes against by the [[Conservative Party of Canada|Conservatives]], the [[Bloc Quebecois]] and other MPs; for it to be fully passed, however, it must survive a vote by the Canadian Senate.<ref>Two references:
*[https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2022/02/breaking-majority-canadian-parliament-sides-trudeaus-tyranny-vote-uphold-unprecedented-emergencies-act/ BREAKING: Majority of Canadian Parliament Sides With Trudeau’s Tyranny – Vote to UPHOLD Unprecedented Emergencies Act After Protesters Beaten and Shackled] at the Gateway Pundit
*[https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2022/02/21/tyranny-canadian-parliament-votes-emergencies-act-motion/ Tyranny: Canadian Parliament Votes for Emergencies Act Motion] at Breitbart News Network</ref> Trudeau drew near-universal condemnation and mockery on social media, as well as from [[Fox News]] host [[Tucker Carlson]],<ref>[https://www.rebelnews.com/tucker_carlson_blasts_trudeau_for_standing_against_authoritarianism_while_crushing_dissent_in_canada Tucker Carlson blasts Trudeau for standing 'against authoritarianism' while crushing dissent in Canada] at Rebel News</ref> when he proclaimed that Canada would "...defend democracy" and "...stand against authoritarianism" (in response to [[Russia]]'s recognition of two breakaway areas of [[Ukraine]] as independent from the fascist Ukranian regime) while he hypocritically embraces authoritarianism and trashes Canadian democracy in his regime's attacks on the Freedom Convoy.<ref>[https://twitter.com/realmonsanto/status/1496253783504007177 Efron Monsanto: "Trudeau says Canada will stand against authoritarianism"] at Twitter</ref>

On February 23, 2022, Trudeau did a stunning about-face as he revoked the Emergencies Act, just one week after invoking it; conservative news outlets Rebel News and the Gateway Pundit speculated that he ended his use of the Act because it would have lost a vote in the Senate, resulting in the Act being terminated anyway.<ref>Multiple references:
*[https://www.rebelnews.com/trudeau_revokes_emergencies_act BREAKING: Trudeau revokes Emergencies Act] at Rebel News
*[https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2022/02/breaking-shocking-reversal-trudeau-revokes-use-emergencies-act-video/ BREAKING: In a Shocking Reversal, Trudeau Revokes His Use of the Emergencies Act] at the Gateway Pundit
*[https://ottawasun.com/news/politics/breaking-justin-trudeau-set-to-revoke-emergencies-act Justin Trudeau revokes Emergencies Act: 'Existing laws and bylaws are now sufficient'] at the ''Ottawa Sun''</ref> To save face, Trudeau claimed that "...(w)e are confident that existing laws and bylaws are now sufficient to keep people safe" and that his regime would continue supporting the [[Ottawa Police Service]] against the Freedom Convoy protesters.

== Controversial decisions ==
Trudeau has performed poorly as Canada's prime minister since first being elected.<ref>Says, Andrew (July 15, 2019). [https://humanevents.com/2019/07/15/how-justin-trudeau-is-pushing-canada-further-right/ How Justin Trudeau Is Pushing Canada Further Right]. ''Human Events''. Retrieved July 19, 2019.</ref> One of his first acts was to spend $1.6 billion to import 25,000 [[Syria]]n migrants. Most Canadians live within 200 miles of the American border, which is almost entirely unsecured. On May 19, 2018, numerous [[conservative]] groups opposed to illegal immigration protested against Trudeau and his policies.<ref>http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/quebec-canada-border-crossing-protest-1.4670852</ref> He has taken a weak stance on immigration issues.<ref>Murphy, James (July 24, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/north-america/item/29621-canada-s-immigration-troubles-and-justin-trudeau-s-tepid-response Canada’s Immigration Troubles and Justin Trudeau’s Tepid Response]. ''The New American''. Retrieved July 24, 2018.</ref> When confronted by a critic of illegal migration at a public event, Trudeau avoided the actual issue of migration that she brought up and stated that "racism has no place here," falsely implying she was "racist."<ref>Gstalter, Morgan (August 19, 2018). [https://thehill.com/policy/international/402568-trudeau-shuts-down-heckler-racism-has-no-place-in-canada Trudeau shuts down heckler: 'Racism has no place' in Canada]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved August 19, 2018.</ref> By 2019, however, Trudeau had been forced to take a stricter stance on migration, considering the large increase in migration and the upcoming national election.<ref>Mackrael, Kim (March 29, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/in-shift-trudeau-begins-to-tighten-canadas-welcoming-stance-on-refugees-11553878130 In Shift, Trudeau Begins to Tighten Canada’s Welcoming Stance on Refugees]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved March 30, 2019.</ref> Trudeau so alienated western Canada that support for separatism reached record highs in the region.<ref>Tomlinson, Chris (November 7, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/11/07/wexit-separatism-conservative-western-canada-peaks-trudeau-win/ Wexit: Separatism in Conservative Western Canada Peaks After Trudeau Win]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved November 7 2019.</ref> He also took far-left stances on [[euthanasia]],<ref>Schadenberg, Alex (November 22, 2019). [https://www.lifesitenews.com/opinion/trudeau-wants-more-euthanasia-even-as-laws-are-already-being-abused Trudeau wants more euthanasia, even as laws are already being abused]. ''LifeSiteNews'' (from the ''Euthanasia Prevention Coalition''). Retrieved November 22, 2019.</ref> and he claimed promoting "gender equality" in Canada's military was an acceptable alternative to increasing his country's low contributions to [[NATO]].<ref>Gehrke, Joel (December 3, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/defense-national-security/incredibly-qualified-women-trudeau-touts-gender-equality-when-asked-about-nato-spending-shortfall ‘Incredibly qualified women’: Trudeau touts gender equality when asked about NATO spending shortfall]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved December 3, 2019.</ref> Trudeau is alleged to have violated Canadian law by targeting advertising for the commercially available [[Pfizer]] mRNA [[covid vaccine]] experiments to children under the age of 12 years old.

Trudeau has pulled Canadian forces from the alliance against [[ISIS]], and withdrawn from defense agreements with the United States, such as the F-35 agreement. He also plans to legalize marijuana and prostitution. Syrian comedian Treka exposed the insanity Trudeau poses in a video regarding ISIS fighters returning to Canada.<ref>https://israelunwired.com/syrian-comedian-justin-trudeau-insanity/</ref> So far, American political leaders, including Republicans, have been silent on the threat Trudeau poses to the United States.

===Internet censorship===
Trudeau and his controversial then-Heritage Minister, convicted criminal<ref name="convicted criminal">[https://www.rebelnews.com/trudeau-cabinet-minister-convicted-criminal-stephen-guilbeault-regulate-news-media-tax-netflix Trudeau's convicted criminal in cabinet wants to regulate your news and Netflix] at Rebel News</ref> Steven Guilbeault, came under criticism for their plan to enact a new bill, the ''Act to Amend the Broadcasting Act'' (known officially as Bill C-10), that would illegally force censorship of websites containing any opinions that the Trudeau regime does not like (in violation of the [[Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms]], which guarantees and protects freedom of speech), as well as to overrule Facebook, Twitter and YouTube if the regime thinks their moderators are not doing enough to censor political and ideological opponents.<ref>Multiple references:
*[https://www.rebelnews.com/liberals_plan_legislation_to_censor_social_media_hate_speech Liberals plan legislation to censor social media “hate speech”] at Rebel News
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=otScg_ZnzTw Trudeau wants to regulate what you post online] at True North YouTube channel
*[https://www.rebelnews.com/the_liberals_are_coming_to_censor_the_internet_in_canada The Liberals are coming to censor the internet in Canada] at Rebel News
*[https://www.rebelnews.com/ezra_levant_show_april_23_2021 Why are journalists so quiet about the Liberal plan to censor the Internet?] at Rebel News</ref> When criticized about Bill C-10 by the opposition Conservatives (who pointed out that the bill would illegally silence Canadians on social media), Trudeau could not defend or justify his support for the bill, but instead resorted to name-calling and [[gaslighting]] against the Conservatives, mockingly accusing them of being "tinfoil hats" before falsely claiming that his Liberals "support" free speech online, despite his bill doing exactly the opposite.<ref>Two references:
*[https://www.rebelnews.com/trudeau_laughs_off_tinfoil_hats_criticizing_liberal_online_censorship_plan Trudeau laughs off “tinfoil hats” criticizing Liberal online censorship plan] at Rebel News
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pXtqCRpelxw Regulating, Censoring and Namecalling] at True North YouTube channel</ref>

===Freedom Convoy===
{{main|Freedom Convoy}}
{{See also|CCP virus in Canada}}
[[File:Ceausescu2.PNG|right|200px||thumb|Justin Trudeau's "unacceptable views" speech recalled the Romanian dictator [[Nicolae Ceausescu]]'s imperviousness to the groundswell of public opinion and earthquake occurring underneath his feet.<ref>https://taibbi.substack.com/p/justin-trudeaus-ceausescu-moment</ref>]]
Canadian truckers in January 2022 began protesting a leftwing fascist mandate that required the production of vaccine passports before crossing the U.S.-Canadian border. Canadian truckers were reportedly 90% vaccinated, above the country’s 78% total, a key detail that was brazenly ignored by the [[liberal media]] in both countries determined to depict the protests as "anti-science" and “anti-vax” rather than “anti-mandate” and "pro-freedom" protests. When the Freedom Convoy descended upon Ottawa, Trudeau dismissed them in a speech reminiscent of the final days socialist [[dictator]] Nicolae Ceausescu:
{{quotebox-float|"The small fringe minority of people who are on their way to Ottawa, who are holding unacceptable views that they are expressing, do not represent the views of Canadians…who know that following the science and stepping up to protect each other is the best way to ensure our rights, our freedoms, our values as a country."}}
A near-exact repeat of [[Hillary Clinton]]'s “basket of deplorables” speech, Trudeau’s description of “unacceptable views" instantly became a rallying cry,<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LmDkSQO5zeo&t=380s</ref> with people across the country lining the streets to cheer truckers while self-identifying as the “small fringe minority.” Everyone from high school kids to farmers and teachers and random marchers joined in as Trudeau’s own words were used to massively accelerate his troubles. Members of his party in parliament began criticizing Trudeau.

The head of a Trudeau-funded hate group posted a picture of an [[antisemitic]] flier on [[social media]] claiming it to have originated with the Freedom Convoy. Bernie Farber, who is listed as the chair of CAHN on the group’s website, which has received hundreds of thousands of taxpayer dollars from the Trudeau regime, posted a tweet of an antisemitic flier stating, “Taken by a friend in Ottawa at the Occupation. Apparently in plain sight." Records show CAHN received $268,400 Canadian dollars (USD $211,526) in 2020. It was quickly established that the picture of the flier was not from the Ottawa trucker Freedom Convoy protests – the same photo was from an unrelated event in [[Miami, Florida]], and first posted on [[Twitter]] on January 23, 2022.<ref>https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2022/02/10/anti-hate-group-head-used-miami-anti-semitic-flyer-to-smear-truckers/</ref>

Political commentator [[Bill Maher]] remarked:
{{quotebox-float|"Justin Trudeau— I mean, I thought he was kind of a cool guy. And I started to read what he said... he was talking about people who are not vaccinated. He said, ‘They don't believe in science. They're often misogynistic, often racist.’ No, they're not. He said, ‘But they take up space. And with that, we have to make a choice in terms of a leader as a country— Do we tolerate these people?’ It's like, tolerate?? Now you do sound like [[Hitler]]. And recently, he talked about holding ‘unacceptable views.’”<ref>https://rumble.com/vurpiq-bill-maher-says-trudeaus-rhetoric-is-starting-to-sound-like-hitler..html</ref>}}
Trudeau refused to negotiate with the truckers. Instead, Trudeau consulted with U.S. socialist premier Joe Biden who urged him to use federal force and coercion against the protesters by invoking martial law. Trudeau promised "quick action."<ref>https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/02/11/readout-of-president-bidens-call-with-prime-minister-justin-trudeau-of-canada/</ref>

====Invocation of [[Emergencies Act (Canada)|Emergencies Act]] in response to peaceful Freedom Convoy====

{{see also|Emergencies Act (Canada)}}
{{see also|Emperor Palpatine#Modern Comparisons to Emperor Palpatine}}

===Israel-"Palestine" clashes===
During the Gaza protests between Israel and "Palestinian" terrorist groups, Trudeau was criticized after condemning [[Israel]] and failing to condemn [[Hamas]].<ref>https://www.thepostmillennial.com/video-trudeau-government-condemns-israel-and-not-hamas/</ref> He went in a heated debate with [[Andrew Scheer]] over the Gaza clashes.<ref>https://globalnews.ca/video/4226971/opposition-leader-and-prime-minister-spar-over-%E2%80%8Bhamas-condemnation</ref>

== Other controversial decisions ==

===Omar Khadr===
Trudeau received criticism after paying Omar Khadr.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/07/world/canada/omar-khadr-apology-guantanamo-bay.html</ref>

===Support for Bashar al-Assad===
Trudeau is a supporter of the socialist dictator [[Bashar al-Assad]] and his Iranian [[Islamist]] allies. He appointed Assad's "Man in Montreal" to an important government position.<ref>https://www.macleans.ca/news/canada/why-did-the-trudeau-government-approve-bashar-assads-man-in-montreal/</ref> Trudeau has refused to help Canadians who were imprisoned by a communist pro-Assad militia, the [[PKK|YPG]]. The YPG claims they were linked to ISIS, but was not able to verify that claim in any courts.<ref>https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-trudeau-refuses-to-commit-to-repatriating-canadians-in-syria-amid/</ref>

===Gun control===
[[File:Maggy Fidel and Pierre.PNG|right|250px|thumb|Margaret Trudeau with arms around Castro, Fidel Castro, and Pierre Trudeau. Margaret called Castro, "the sexiest man I ever met."<ref>https://covid19reporter.com/the-real-life-story-of-justin-trudeau-margaret-trudeau-and-his-real-father-fidel-castro/</ref>]]
Trudeau exploited Canada's worst mass shooting event in that country's history to promote greater [[gun control]] measures.<ref>https://www.newsmax.com/t/newsmax/article/964025?section=newsfront&keywords=trudeau-guncontrol-canadashooting&year=2020&month=04&date=21&id=964025</ref>

===Support for leftist terror===

While he and Chrystia Freeland sought to illegally seize the bank accounts of peaceful Freedom Convoy protesters exercising their legal right to protest and falsely calling the protesters "terrorists", Trudeau hypocritically made donations through a government agency called the Canadian Race Relations Foundation to actual left-wing terrorist groups such as [[Black Lives Matter]], as well as corrupted leftist groups such as the misnamed Anti-Hate Network and the BC Civil Liberties Association.<ref>[https://www.rebelnews.com/trudeau_gives_blm_money_while_seizing_the_bank_accounts_of_peaceful_protesters Trudeau gives BLM money while seizing the bank accounts of peaceful protesters] at Rebel News</ref>

===Environment portfolio===

In October 2021, Trudeau replaced his controversial previous environment minister, Catherine McKenna, in that portfolio with Steven Guilbeault.<ref>[https://tnc.news/2021/10/27/trudeau-appoints-an-environmental-radical-as-environment-minister/ Trudeau appoints an environmental radical as environment minister] at True North</ref> Guilbeault, an environmental radical and former [[Greenpeace]] activist who also tried pushing Bill C-10 while he was heritage minister,<ref>Two references:
*[https://tnc.news/2021/10/27/liberals-want-to-rush-censorship-law-bill-c-10-back-into-parliament/ Liberals want to rush censorship law Bill C-10 back into parliament] at True North
*[https://www.rebelnews.com/ezra_levant_show_september_10_2020 Trudeau appoints convicted criminal to censor Internet freedom] at Rebel News</ref> has a criminal record for illegally climbing the CN Tower in Toronto in 2001 as part of his attention-seeking protest activities;<ref name="convicted criminal"/> such a record, however, does not prohibit Guilbeault from running for or holding public office, as it would if he had instead been convicted, for example, of an illegal practice or a corrupt practice under section 502(3)(a) of the ''Canada Elections Act'' or had been imprisoned for criminal activity,<ref>[https://lop.parl.ca/sites/PublicWebsite/default/en_CA/ResearchPublications/201728E Parliament of Canada - Criminal Charges and Parliamentarians]</ref> which Guilbeault had not been.

===India trip===
Trudeau received strong criticism for his trip to [[India]] being a total disaster,<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/global-opinions/wp/2018/02/22/trudeaus-india-trip-is-a-total-disaster-and-he-has-himself-to-blame/</ref> and the media pointed out that [[Donald Trump]]'s son outshined him when he went to India.<ref>http://www.scmp.com/week-asia/geopolitics/article/2134781/trump-jr-outshines-trudeau-thats-how-bad-india-canada-ties</ref> He also received criticism by Indians due to his outfits, which were described as fake and annoying.<ref>https://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/news/article.cfm?c_id=2&objectid=12000288</ref>

==Controversial statements==
===Covid vaccine mandates===
{{See also|Vaccine mandate|Faucism|Canada#Liberals declare martial law}}
Trudeau characterized CCP flu "vaccine" mandate protesters as having "unacceptable views."<ref>https://youtu.be/LmDkSQO5zeo?t=380</ref>

Trudeau has repeatedly accused [[Faucism#Opponents of Faucism|everyone supporting an end to coronavirus mandates]] of being "tied" to [[Nazi]]s and [[Confederate]]s.<ref>[https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2022/02/17/parliament-scolds-justin-trudeau-for-saying-conservative-jewish-lawmaker-stands-with-nazis/]</ref>

On February 16, 2022, Trudeau delivered an address in the Canadian House of commons on the implementation of the ''[[Emergencies Act (Canada)|Emergencies Act]]''. After [[Conservative Party of Canada|Conservative MP]] Mellissa Lantsman grilled Trudeau for fanning the flames of an “unjustified national emergency.”, Trudeau implied that the those in the Freedom Convoy were "Nazis" when he said,

{{Quotebox-float|"[[Conservative Party of Canada|Conservative Party]] members can stand with people who wave [[swastika|swastikas]]; they can stand with people who wave the [[Confederate flag]].” —[[Justin Trudeau]]<ref>https://www.politico.com/newsletters/ottawa-playbook/2022/02/17/ottawa-deserves-better-00009716</ref>}} Mellissa Lantsman is [[Jewish]]. In response to this egregious comment by Trudeau, members of the opposition immediately demanded Trudeau retract his comment. Conservative MP Dane Lloyd rose to the floor and called him out saying,

{{Quotebox-float|"I've never seen such shameful remarks coming from this Prime Minister – my great grandfather [[Bombing of Germany|flew over 30 missions]] over [[Nazi Germany]]. My great great uncle's body [[World War II|lies at the bottom]] of the [[English Channel]]. There are members of this body who are descendants of victims of the [[Holocaust]]. For the Prime Minister to accuse any colleagues in this House of standing with the [[swastika]]<ref>www.conservapedia.comflag_of_nazi_germany.png</ref> is shameful – I'm giving the Prime Minister an opportunity. I'm calling upon him to unreservedly apologize for this shameful remark,”

—Dane Lloyd<ref>[https://www.thedesertreview.com/opinion/columnists/trudeau-takes-a-beating-in-parliament/article_2ac42b8c-9026-11ec-abd3-53b2d2c1bb89.html]</ref><ref>https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2022/02/17/parliament-scolds-justin-trudeau-for-saying-conservative-jewish-lawmaker-stands-with-nazis/</ref><ref>[https://www.politico.com/newsletters/ottawa-playbook/2022/02/17/ottawa-deserves-better-00009716]</ref>}}
After Trudeau continued to ignore<ref>[https://www.thedesertreview.com/opinion/columnists/trudeau-takes-a-beating-in-parliament/article_2ac42b8c-9026-11ec-abd3-53b2d2c1bb89.html]</ref> the multiple<ref>https://www.politico.com/newsletters/ottawa-playbook/2022/02/17/ottawa-deserves-better-00009716</ref> requests for apology, Dane Lloyd again rose and said,
{{Quotebox-float|"The fact is, I don't know how any member of the Government Caucus can stand by this Prime Minister – when he accuses honorable members of the House of standing with a swastika! I'm calling on ALL members of the Liberal Caucus to denounce the Prime Minister. I've given him two chances to apologize – he has refused to apologize. Mr. Prime Minister – APOLOGIZE!"<ref>www.conservapedia.comflag_of_nazi_germany.png</ref> is shameful – I'm giving the Prime Minister an opportunity. I'm calling upon him to unreservedly apologize for this shameful remark,”

—Dane Lloyd<ref>[https://www.thedesertreview.com/opinion/columnists/trudeau-takes-a-beating-in-parliament/article_2ac42b8c-9026-11ec-abd3-53b2d2c1bb89.html]</ref><ref>https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2022/02/17/parliament-scolds-justin-trudeau-for-saying-conservative-jewish-lawmaker-stands-with-nazis/</ref><ref>[https://www.politico.com/newsletters/ottawa-playbook/2022/02/17/ottawa-deserves-better-00009716]</ref>}}

===Fidel Castro===
[[File:Justin Castro.jpg|right|250px|thumb|Trudeau with the elder Castro.]]
After [[Cuba]]n [[Communist]] dictator [[Fidel Castro]]'s death was reported, Trudeau stated he was mourning his death, and among other positive statements, called Castro a "remarkable leader."<ref>Wootson, Cleve R., Jr. (November 26, 2016). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2016/11/26/trudeau-called-castro-a-remarkable-leader-twitter-imagined-what-he-would-say-about-stalin/?tid=pm_world_pop Trudeau called Castro a ‘remarkable leader.’ Twitter imagined what he would say about Stalin.] ''The Washington Post''. Retrieved November 28, 2016.</ref><ref>Hallett, Nick (November 26, 2016). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2016/11/26/canadian-pm-trudeau-praises-dictator-castro/ Canadian PM Trudeau Praises Dictator Castro as ‘Remarkable Leader’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved June 21, 2017.</ref> Outrage erupted, and many mocked him with "#TrudeauEulogies" on Twitter, after writing posts mourning the death of dictators.

===China===
In 2013, when asked about which country he admires besides Canada, Trudeau was criticized after stating that he admires of [[China]]'s "basic dictatorship."<ref>http://torontosun.com/2013/11/08/trudeau-admires-chinas-basic-dictatorship/wcm/72d62ec4-e0f4-4720-bb18-d998f445630c</ref> The video of Trudeau's statement about China recently resurfaced in February 2022 in response to his invocation of the Emergencies Act ([[Justin Trudeau#Invocation of the Emergencies Act|see above]]).<ref>[https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2022/02/15/watch-justin-trudeau-expresses-admiration-for-china-in-resurfaced-video/ Watch: Justin Trudeau Expresses ‘Admiration’ for China in Resurfaced Video] at Breitbart News Network</ref>

===Alberta===
Trudeau was criticized for failing to mention Alberta on Canada Day, which was considered an insult to Alberta.<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2017/07/02/we-already-know-you-hate-alberta-how-justin-trudeau-managed-to-insult-an-entire-province/</ref> He later apologized, and admitted he was embarrassed for not doing so.<ref>http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/edmonton/justin-trudeau-forgets-alberta-canada-day-1.4187656</ref>

===ISIS===
In an interview with [[CTV]], Trudeau called returning [[Islamic State|ISIS]] fighters an "extraordinarily powerful voice for preventing radicalization."<ref>https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2017/12/20/trudeau-returning-islamic-state-jihadists-extraordinarily-powerful-voice-canada/</ref> Throughout the Trudeau government, about sixty have returned to Canada.<ref>https://globalnews.ca/news/3871229/canada-concerned-returning-isis-fighters-justin-trudeau/</ref> He stated Canadians can be safe despite ISIS fighters returning at the Hamilton town hall.<ref>http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/hamilton-trudeau-town-hall-1.4481025</ref> Trudeau compared ISIS fighters to immigrants such as [[Greeks]], Portuguese, and Italians, and also believing that they can be rehabilitated.<ref>https://canadafreepress.com/article/trudeau-compares-isis-fighters-to-greek-italian-portuguese-immigrants</ref> He also called on Canadians to welcome them and stated that they won't attack if they do.<ref>https://www.freespeechtime.net/2018/01/canadian-pm-calls-on-canadians-to.html</ref> Trudeau faced criticism when one of the fighters, Abu Huzaifa al-Kanadi, returned to Canada, with conservatives calling for his arrest.<ref>http://www.news1130.com/2018/05/11/trudeau-isis-executing/</ref> However, Trudeau called questions about Abu Hazaifa "divisive."<ref>http://brianlilley.com/trudeau-worries-that-questions-about-a-violent-isis-fighter-are-divisive/</ref> Numerous documents showed that Trudeau stated that ISIS has a "right to return" to Canada and that he stated that the government must facilitate their return.<ref>https://dailycaller.com/2018/05/15/documents-canada-paying-isis-fighters-return/</ref><ref>http://debatepost.com/2018/05/27/trudeau-says-the-government-must-facilitate-isiss-return/</ref> His government was also said to be opening the doors for them to join the Canada military.<ref>http://debatepost.com/2018/05/26/warning-trudeau-government-opening-door-for-isis-to-join-canadian-military/</ref>

==="Peoplekind"===
Trudeau was criticized after he telling a woman to say "peoplekind" instead of "mankind".<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/feb/07/justin-trudeau-tells-woman-to-say-peoplekind-not-mankind</ref> Australian commentator Rita Panahi stated that Trudeau saying "peoplekind" was an attempt to "appease those desperate to find offence where none exists." He apologized by calling his "peoplekind" statement a "dumb joke".<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/feb/07/justin-trudeau-apologises-joke-personkind-viral</ref>

===Climate change===
In May 2018, Trudeau compared those he derided as "climate change deniers" to supporters of female genital mutilation."<ref>Delingpole, James (May 17, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/05/17/delingpole-climate-change-deniers-are-like-supporters-of-fgm-claims-trudeau/ Delingpole: ‘Climate Change Deniers Are Like Supporters of FGM,’ Claims Trudeau]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 17, 2018.</ref>

===Immigration and hate crime hoaxes===
An 11-year-old girl reported that a man twice tried to cut off her [[hijab]] with scissors as she walked to school with her younger brother. Her story captured international attention and public condemnation from Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, Ontario Premier Kathleen Wynne and Toronto Mayor John Tory. Trudeau said,
{{quotebox-float|"My heart goes out to the young girl who was attacked, seemingly for her [[religion]]. I can’t imagine how afraid she must have been, I want her and her family and her friends and community to know that that is not what Canada is, that is not who Canadians are… We are better than this."<ref>[https://nationalpost.com/news/toronto/until-it-was-found-to-be-a-hoax-toronto-girls-hijab-made-news-not-the-attack-on-her Until it was found to be a hoax, Toronto girl's hijab made news, not the attack on her], ''National Post'', 15 January 2018.</ref>}} Even after the [[police]] reported it was a [[hate crime hoax]], Trudeau doubled down on fearmongering:
{{quotebox-float|"We have seen an unfortunate pattern of increased hate crimes in past months directed towards religious minorities, particularly towards women, a warning sign of increased intolerance."}} When Trudeau announced his plan to bring 25,000 [[Syrian]] immigrants into Canada, Trudeau stated,
{{quotebox-float|"I will be personally responsible for harm that may come to any citizen of Canada. Any harm, from any refugee, brought into Canada by my Government, I stand personally responsible"<ref>https://me.me/i/october-16th-2016-trudeau-i-will-be-personally-responsible-for-d2d6e769f4184634b783ac3d42a71641</ref><ref>https://nationalpost.com/news/politics/trudeau-vows-to-keep-canadians-safe-as-he-rebuffs-provinces-concerns-over-plan-to-accept-25000-syrian-refugees</ref>}} Months later, after the hijab hate crime hoax, when Syrian "refugee" Ibrahim Ali murdered 13 year old Marrisa Shen, Trudeau was silent.<ref>https://www.spencerfernando.com/2018/09/13/trudeau-was-so-quick-to-comment-on-the-hijab-hoax-yet-remains-silent-on-syrian-refugee-charged-with-killing-burnaby-girl/</ref>

===Anti-Semitism===
Trudeau engaged in [[anti-Semitism]] against Conservative MP Melissa Lantsman, who is Jewish and a descendant of [[Holocaust]] survivors, by accusing her of supporting "people who wave swastikas" in her support of the Freedom Convoy;<ref>[https://tnc.news/2022/02/16/trudeau-accuses-jewish-conservative-mp-of-supporting-people-who-wave-swastikas/ Trudeau accuses Jewish Conservative MP of supporting “people who wave swastikas”] at True North</ref> Trudeau refused to apologize for his false and inflammatory remark, even after he was called out by Lantsman and other Conservative MPs and told to apologize for slandering conservatives as "Nazis" (which is inaccurate as Nazism is a form of socialism and conservatives are ''not'' "socialist"), all while he ignored that his deputy prime minister Chrystia Freeland's family has ties to Nazism and who is a supporter of [[George Soros]] (who collaborated with the Nazis in his youth).<ref>[https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2022/02/trudeau-labels-jewish-mp-nazi-wont-apologize-claims-protecting-canadians-freedoms-ignores-deputy-prime-ministers-grandfather-nazi/ Trudeau Labels a Jewish MP a Nazi, Won’t Apologize, Claims He’s Protecting Canadians’ Freedoms by Stripping Their Freedoms – Ignores that His Deputy Prime Minister’s Grandfather Was a Nazi] at the Gateway Pundit</ref> Trudeau was condemned for his comments by a group of Israeli doctors, scientists and researchers who denounced him for falsely comparing the Freedom Convoy protesters to "Nazi sympathizers" and smearing them as "racist" and "anti-Semitic" while hypocritically smearing Lantsman.<ref>[https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2022/02/22/leading-israeli-doctors-slam-trudeau-for-equating-freedom-convoy-protesters-with-nazis/ Leading Israeli Doctors Slam Trudeau for Equating Freedom Convoy Protesters with Nazis] at Breitbart News Network</ref>

==SNC–Lavalin scandal==
The SNC–Lavalin scandal, which was revealed in 2019, badly shook Trudeau's government and led to the resignation of several cabinet ministers. On August 14, 2019, the Canadian Ethics Commission found Trudeau had misused his position of authority. An [[extreme leftist]], Trudeau sent $1 million Canadian dollars to the [[Wuhan Institute of Virology]] after the release of the [[Chinese Communist global pandemic]]. The contribution was totally unnecessary given Canada's already existing [[trade deficit]] with the [[totalitarian]] regime.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ulxCHfH7Jaw</ref>

==Promises==
Prior to being shut down, a non-partisan website called [https://www.trudeaumetre.ca/ ''TrudeauMetre''] tracked Trudeau's campaign promises, and their fulfillment or lack thereof. It recorded, as of October 2019, 129 achieved promises, 59 broken, 27 in progress, and 15 not yet begun. On February 11, 2017, there were numerous protests against Trudeau for a broken promise he made on electoral reform.<ref>https://globalnews.ca/news/3243620/protests-held-across-canada-over-justin-trudeaus-broken-electoral-reform-promise/</ref>

==Quotes==
*''There’s a level of admiration I actually have for China. Their basic [[dictatorship]] is actually allowing them to turn their economy around on a dime and say, ‘We need to go green, we want to start investing in solar’.''<ref>https://youtu.be/eqnmfNiaM-Y</ref>

==See also==
*[[Racism]]
*[[Essay:Canadian Prime Minister Chooses Full “Bull” Connor in Reacting to Freedom Truckers Convoy]]
*[[Essay:Prime Minister Trudeau Compared to Nicolae Ceaușescu]]
*[[Truckers for freedom]]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Trudeau, Justin}}
[[Category:Current Heads of Government]]
[[Category:Canadians]]
[[Category:Canadian Prime Ministers]]
[[Category:Liberals]]
[[Category:SJWs]]
[[Category:Progressivism]]
[[Category:Racism]]
[[Category:Globalists]]
[[Category:Dictators]]
[[Category:Anti-Free Speech]]
[[Category:Police State]]
[[Category:Establishment]]
[[Category:Criminals]]
[[Category:Violence Inciters]]
[[Category:Worst Liberal Politicians]]
[[Category:Perpetrators of Cancel Culture]]
[[Category:Worst Liberal Politicians]]
[[Category:Gun Control proponents]]
[[Category:Progressives]]
[[Category:Homosexual Agenda]]
[[Category:Racists]]
[[Category:Fascists]]
[[Category:Anti-Christianity]]
[[Category:Anti-Semitism]]
[[Category:CCP puppets]]
[[Category:Corruption]]

Justin Trudeau

2022-03-05T00:00:15Z

FresnoCA: /* Invocation of Emergencies Act in response to peaceful Freedom Convoy */ Edited links

{{Dictator bio
| image =[[File:Trudeau's eyebrows at G7.jpg|180px]]
| name =Justin Pierre James Trudeau
| birth =December 25, 1971 (age 49) [[Ottawa]], [[Ontario]], [[Canada]]
| parents =father unknown<ref>While [[Pierre Trudeau]] has commonly been identified as his father, evidence has emerged over time pointing to Cuban dictator [[Fidel Castro]] as Trudeau's actual biological father due to photo comparisons of the two, along with his mother Margaret Sinclair having been involved romantically with Castro as part of her unfaithfulness to the elder Trudeau prior to Trudeau's birth</ref> Margaret Sinclair
| religion =Roman Catholic ([[Catholic in name only|In Name Only]])
| education =Collège Jean-de-Brébeuf McGill University University of British Columbia University of Montreal
| spouse =Sophie Grégoire (m. 2005)
| children =3
| death =
| deathmanner =
| burial =
| country =Canada
| military =none
| rank =drama coach
| polbeliefs =[[Communism]] [[Marxism]] [[Fascism]] [[Socialism with Chinese characteristics]] [[Baathism|Assadism]]
| party =[[Liberal Party of Canada]]
| dictatordate =November 4, 2015
| war =[[CCP global pandemic]]
| deathnumber =35,000+<ref>https://health-infobase.canada.ca/covid-19/epidemiological-summary-covid-19-cases.html</ref>
}}

'''Justin Trudeau''' is the extreme leftwing [[fascist]] leader of the [[Liberal Party of Canada]] who suspended the Charter of Rights of Canadian citizens,<ref>https://globalnews.ca/news/8621256/freedom-convoy-emergencies-act-trudeau-charter-rights/</ref><ref>https://tylerpaper.com/canada-turns-authoritarian-to-shut-down-the-freedom-convoy/article_36e1e100-937a-11ec-a97d-a330067c7877.html</ref> invoked anti-terrorism laws against ordinary citizens,<ref>https://reason.com/2022/02/15/canadian-government-uses-terrorist-financing-act-to-target-financial-support-for-freedom-convoy-truckers/</ref> restricted freedom of movement,<ref>https://torontosun.com/news/provincial/warmington-cold-war-era-east-berlin-had-armed-checkpoints-now-ottawa-does-too</ref> performed mass arrests<ref>https://nationalpost.com/news/politics/legal-challenge-against-emergencies-act-planned-by-constitutional-rights-group</ref> and seized bank accounts of political opponents.<ref>https://www.sgtreport.com/2022/02/canadian-government-resorts-to-financial-terrorism-against-peaceful-freedom-convoy-protesters-demonstrating-why-we-the-people-can-never-trust-banks-or-fiat/</ref> Under Canadian law, Parliament must ratify implementation of the Act within 7 days; on the fourth day of debate, the Trudeau regime suspended parliament, ending debate.<ref>https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-10529061/Canadas-Parliament-SUSPENDS-debate-Trudeaus-Emergencies-Act.html</ref> Trudeau has been labeled in the [[EU|European Parliament]] as a "tyrant."<ref>https://nationalfile.com/dictator-euro-mp-condemns-trudeau-governments-protest-crackdown/</ref>
</ref>
Trudeau has repeatedly engaged in [[Liberal hypocrisy|hypocritical]]<ref>Multiple references:
*Duke, Selwyn (September 20, 2019). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/north-america/item/33471-called-a-hypocrite-justin-trudeau-s-blackface-reveals-he-s-two-faced Called a “Hypocrite,” Justin Trudeau’s Blackface Reveals He’s Two-faced]. ''The New American''. Retrieved September 20, 2019.
*Freddoso, David (September 19, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/opinion/justin-trudeau-isnt-a-racist-hes-just-a-massive-hypocrite Justin Trudeau isn't a racist, he's just a massive hypocrite]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved September 20, 2019.
*Spiering, Charlie (September 19, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2019/09/19/flashback-justin-trudeau-criticized-donald-trump-for-unacceptable-comments-on-race/ Flashback: Justin Trudeau Criticized Donald Trump for ‘Unacceptable’ Comments on Race]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 20, 2019.</ref> [[racist]] conduct including dressing up with [[blackface]].<ref>Martel, Frances (September 23, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2019/09/23/martel-conservatives-rally-to-defend-blackface-enthusiast-trudeau-from-racism-charges/ Martel: Ignore Conservative Pundits; Justin Trudeau Is a Racist]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 23, 2019.</ref> He has a history of dressing in ethnic and racially insensitive outfits,<ref>Hayward, John (September 19, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2019/09/19/photos-trudeau-blackface-scandal-follows-years-of-enthusiasm-for-ethnic-garb/ PHOTOS: Trudeau Blackface Scandal Follows Years of ‘Enthusiasm’ for Ethnic Garb]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 19, 2019.</ref><ref>[https://video.foxnews.com/v/6088217481001/#sp=show-clips Inside Justin Trudeau's long history of playing dress up]. ''Fox News Video''. September 20, 2019. Retrieved September 26, 2019.</ref><ref>[https://twitter.com/locoloc22684248/status/1494721035924561926 loco loco: "Trudeau throwing around the word 'racist' when he has dressed in "black face" and as a Nazi multiple times"] at Twitter</ref> and has made a large effort to be seen as "[[woke]]."<ref>Tomlinson, Chris (September 20, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2019/09/20/tomlinson-five-times-justin-trudeau-tried-too-hard-to-be-woke/ Tomlinson: Five Times Justin Trudeau Tried Too Hard to Be ‘Woke’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 20, 2019.</ref> When the [[Freedom Convoy]] arrived in the nation's capital of [[Ottawa]] in February 2022 to protest [[mask mandate]]s, in a typical leftist [[false flag]] operation, a video of a masked man carrying a [[Confederate States of America]] flag was widely circulated. Trudeau accused [[Jewish]] members of parliament of supporting [[Nazi]]s.
[[File:Trudeau blackface 2019.PNG|left|200px|thumb|Trudeau mocking Blacks in blackface.<ref>https://torontosun.com/news/election-2021/2019s-black-face-scandal-still-haunting-trudeau</ref>]]
[[File:Justin Trudeau blackface2.JPG|left|200px|thumb |Justin Trudeau in racist blackface. Liberals defended him.<ref>Martel, Frances (September 20, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2019/09/20/canadas-liberals-defend-trudeau-from-resignation-calls-amid-blackface-scandal/ Canada’s Liberals Defend Trudeau from Resignation Calls amid Blackface Scandal]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved September 20, 2019.</ref>]]
==Background==
[[File:Justin and Fidel.jpeg|left|200px|thumb|Justin Trudeau and Fidel Castro at similar ages.<ref>https://medium.com/@leibowitt/of-course-fidel-castro-is-justin-trudeaus-dad-nobody-has-debunked-anything-4db6fc8a9042</ref>]]
Trudeau is a former drama queen and coach.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/aug/22/justin-trudeau-the-rise-and-fall-of-a-political-brand</ref> He has benefited politically from using the name of former Canadian Prime Minister [[Pierre Trudeau]]. Trudeau's mother was notoriously unfaithful in her marriage and was consorting with [[Fidel Castro]] in the months before Trudeau was born. In her autobiography she refers to Castro as "the sexiest man I've ever met."<ref>https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/international/story/19790415-canadas-first-lady-margaret-trudeau-once-again-works-on-her-marriage-821948-2014-03-05</ref> It has been suspected that Castro may be Trudeau's real biological father.<ref>https://youtu.be/DtXmeWqkVuA</ref> Pierre Trudeau was 29 years older than Margaret. She was a [[hippy]] "flower child" of the 1960s sexual revolution. She was 20 years old when they met in 1968 and he was 49. Their paths first crossed with Fidel in 1970.<ref>https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/castro-and-trudeau-a-famous-but-also-fraught-friendship/article33058005/</ref> They kept their relationship secret until after they were married in 1971. They were divorced 13 years later in 1984 when Pierre was defeated as Prime Minister. Margaret's infidelity extended to affairs with Jack Nicholson, Ryan O'Neal, Lou Rawls, [[Ted Kennedy]], Fidel Castro and [[Rolling Stones|Mick Jagger]].<ref>https://www.macleans.ca/culture/just-margaret/</ref>

Trudeau represents the [[Montreal]]-area riding of Papineau in the House of Commons and became the [[Prime Minister of Canada|Prime Minister]] in the 2015 Canadian federal election. His election was boosted by workers from [[Barack Obama]]'s campaign team, who campaigned on Trudeau's behalf resulting in accusations of foreign interference in the Canadian election process.<ref>[http://canadafreepress.com/article/obama-campaign-team-hands-canada-over-to-the-lib-left Obama Campaign Team Hands Canada Over to the Lib-Left] at Canada Free Press</ref> His Liberals retained power in the 2019 Canadian federal election on October 21, 2019, but due to the various scandals that have befallen both Trudeau and his party, they lost seats (as well as losing the popular vote to the [[Conservative Party of Canada|Conservatives]]) and were reduced to a minority government.<ref>Multiple references:
*[https://election.ctvnews.ca/trudeau-vows-to-fight-for-all-canadians-as-liberals-win-minority-government-1.4647438 Trudeau vows to 'fight for all Canadians' as Liberals win minority government] at CTV News
*Wallace, Danielle (October 22, 2019). [https://www.foxnews.com/world/trudeau-rival-canada-liberals-on-notice-conservative-andrew-scheer Trudeau rival says Canadian Liberals put 'on notice' after narrow PM victory]. ''Fox News''. Retrieved October 22, 2019.
*Vieira, Paul; Mackrael, Kim (October 22, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/canadian-prime-minister-trudeau-headed-to-election-win-11571711840 Trudeau Wins Re-Election but Fails to Secure Majority]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved October 22, 2019.
*Hayward, John (October 22, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2019/10/22/trudeaus-liberals-narrowly-retain-government-in-canadian-election/ Trudeau’s Liberals Narrowly Retain Government in Canadian Election]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved October 22, 2019.
*Gillies, Rob (October 22, 2019). [https://www.apnews.com/db4ffb2f5d7d4a66b1ca371a902e7fbc Canada’s Trudeau wins re-election but faces a divided nation]. ''Associated Press''. Retrieved October 22, 2019.
See also:
*DeMarco, Donald (October 28, 2019). [https://www.lifesitenews.com/opinion/with-trudeau-re-election-canadians-voted-for-totalitarianism With Trudeau re-election, Canadians voted for totalitarianism]. ''LifeSiteNews'' (from ''Crisis Magazine''). Retrieved October 28, 2019.</ref> The Trudeau regime managed to retain its power, again despite facing numerous scandals, in the 2021 Canadian federal election by taking advantage of the [[CCP flu pandemic]] and via suspected foreign interference from China,<ref>Two references:
*[https://www.rebelnews.com/foreign_election_interference_in_canada_former_mp_kenny_chiu_on_election_integrity Foreign election interference in Canada? Former MP Kenny Chiu on election security] at Rebel News
*[https://www.theepochtimes.com/ccps-disinformation-operation-interfered-in-canadas-2021-federal-election-report_4137360.html CCP Disinformation Operation Interfered in Canada’s 2021 Federal Election: Report] at the Epoch Times (requires paid subscription)</ref> and it currently holds onto its power in a minority government only with the support of the federal [[New Democratic Party]].

During his election campaign and thereafter, the liberal media ran numerous fawning articles about him to sway his public image;<ref>[https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2022/02/21/dreamy-disney-prince-how-the-media-sold-justin-trudeau/ ‘Dreamy,’ ‘Disney Prince’: How the Media Sold Justin Trudeau] at Breitbart News Network</ref> although the liberal media continues to cover for him (particularly the private media companies that were bribed by Trudeau to start spouting the same fake news and lies already being spewed by his state media the [[CBC]]<ref>[https://westernstandardonline.com/2020/10/how-trudeau-bought-the-media/ https://westernstandardonline.com/2020/10/how-trudeau-bought-the-media/ How Trudeau bought the media] at the Western Standard</ref>), that veneer has since worn away in the eyes of the public thanks to his various scandals and his recent dictatorial actions against the [[Freedom Convoy]] protests against his authoritarian [[CCP flu]] edicts against Canadians exposing his true deceitful nature and fascist colors.

==Opposition to free speech and religious liberty==
{{See also|Religious freedom|free speech}}
In January 2018, Trudeau claimed that [[pro-life]] speech is not protected speech under Canadian law. When asked on where the Canadian government limits free speech, Trudeau mentioned abortion, stating that "an organization that has the explicit purpose of restricting women’s rights by removing rights to abortion, the right for women to control their own bodies, is not in line with where we are as a government and quite frankly where we are as a society."<ref>Richardson, Bradford (January 13, 2018). [https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/jan/13/justin-trudeau-canadian-prime-minister-scolds-pro-/ Canadian Prime Minister Trudeau scolds pro-lifers as ‘not in line’ with society]. ''The Washington Times''. Retrieved January 13, 2018.</ref><ref>Laurence, Lianne (January 13, 2018). [https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/trudeau-believe-what-you-want-but-we-draw-the-line-if-you-try-to-restrict-a Trudeau: Believe what you want, but ‘we draw the line’ if you try to restrict abortion]. ''LifeSiteNews''. Retrieved January 13, 2018.</ref> This was despite Trudeau's associating himself with [[Fidel Castro]] and a convicted Indian terrorist.<ref>Van Maren, Jonathon (March 5, 2018). [https://www.lifesitenews.com/blogs/justin-trudeau-hangs-out-with-terrorists-and-dictators-but-demonizes-pro-li Justin Trudeau hangs out with terrorists and dictators, but demonizes pro-lifers]. ''LifeSiteNews''. Retrieved March 5, 2018.</ref>
[[File:Michel Fidel and Maggy.PNG|left|225px|thumb|Justin's younger brother Michel carried by Castro with Justin's mother Margaret.<ref>[https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/watch-tucker-carlson-says-for-sure-fidel-castro-is-justin-trudeaus-father Tucker Carlson says 'for sure' Fidel Castro is Justin Trudeau's father], by Matthew Miller, ''Washington Examiner'', February 04, 2022.</ref>]]
Similarly, while Trudeau funded a left-wing group protesting a pipeline because of "free speech", he refused to fund any organizations opposed to abortion and the [[homosexual agenda]].<ref>Tennant, Michael (April 26, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/north-america/item/28927-trudeau-free-speech-demands-funding-pipeline-protesters-but-not-pro-lifers Trudeau: “Free Speech” Demands Funding Pipeline Protesters but Not Pro-Lifers]. ''The New American''. Retrieved April 26, 2018.</ref> He personally involved himself in the creation of those rules.<ref>[https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/trudeau-personally-involved-in-summer-jobs-programs-anti-christian-rules-documents-show Trudeau personally involved in summer jobs program’s anti-Christian rules, documents show]. ''LifeSiteNews''. October 15, 2019. Retrieved October 15, 2019.</ref> On May 10, 2018, thousands of Canadians protested against his abortion policies at the [[March For Life]] event.<ref>https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/thousands-to-protest-trudeaus-abortion-agenda-at-canadian-march-for-life</ref> In October 2018, Trudeau failed to directly condemn a physical attack on a pro-life woman because of her views.<ref>Risdon, James (October 4, 2018). [https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/justin-trudeau-refuses-to-condemn-attack-on-pro-life-wiman-roundhouse-kicke Justin Trudeau refuses to directly condemn attack on pro-life woman]. ''LifeSiteNews''. Retrieved October 5, 2018.</ref> In 2018, the Canadian government under Trudeau gave $88,000 to pro-abortion organizations while giving none to Christian organizations.<ref>Risdon, James (October 31, 2018). [https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/trudeau-gives-88k-to-abortion-groups-denies-funds-to-christian-orgs Trudeau gov’t gives $88k to abortion groups, denies funds to Christian orgs]. ''LifeSiteNews''. Retrieved November 3, 2018.</ref> Blacks have been the biggest victims of abortion in Canada.<ref>https://www.catholic.org/news/international/americas/story.php?id=32216</ref>

Trudeau stated in August 2018 that it is not enough simply to "tolerate" homosexuality, but that "acceptance" of it is necessary.<ref>Risdon, James (August 22, 2018). [https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/justin-trudeau-homosexuality-is-no-longer-about-tolerance-but-acceptance Justin Trudeau: homosexuality is no longer about ‘tolerance,’ but ‘acceptance’]. ''LifeSiteNews''. Retrieved August 28, 2018.</ref>

Trudeau's government spent millions of dollars promoting "gay tourism,"<ref>Laurence, Lianne (May 24, 2019). [https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/trudeaus-liberal-govt-sends-millions-of-taxpayer-dollars-to-promote-gay-tourism Trudeau’s Liberal govt sends millions of taxpayer dollars to promote ‘gay tourism’]. ''LifeSiteNews''. Retrieved May 25, 2019.</ref> and he pledged to spend billions of dollars to fund abortions worldwide.<ref>Laurence, Lianne (June 6, 2019). [https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/trudeau-pledges-billions-of-tax-dollars-to-fund-abortion-worldwide-for-ten-years Trudeau pledges billions of tax dollars to fund abortion worldwide for ten years]. ''LifeSiteNews''. Retrieved June 7, 2019. See also:
*Price, Emily (September 27, 2019). [https://www.lifesitenews.com/opinion/trudeaus-international-abortion-agenda-will-cost-canadian-taxpayers-7.1-billion Trudeau’s international abortion agenda will cost Canadian taxpayers $7.1 billion]. ''LifeSiteNews''. Retrieved September 28, 2019.</ref>

Trudeau, who prefers to grant interviews to state broadcaster the [[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]] and sympathetic liberal media outlets who he knows will give him only "softball" questions, refuses to acknowledge conservative news company [[The Rebel Media|Rebel News]] as a legitimate media outlet<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4SSXoqj999E Rebel Media DENIED entry to Canadian Embassy by Prime Minister's Office] at Rebel News YouTube channel</ref> and has gone out of his way to avoid tough questions from Rebel News reporters about his illegal activities and controversial actions<ref name="Trudeau sneaks out">[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9BpyP49BBHY Montreal police harass Rebel reporters while Trudeau sneaks out back door] at Rebel News YouTube channel</ref> while sending his aides to run interference for him, as well as sending hired goon squads (including corrupt police officers) to illegally harass<ref name="Trudeau sneaks out"/><ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x1XBEthpMF0 Ezra Levant UNLEASHES on RCMP demand to illegally search Keean Bexte at Trudeau event] at Rebel News YouTube channel</ref> and assault those reporters<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XOUp8BHtv3Y "New low": Rebel reporter PUSHED to ground — for asking Justin Trudeau a question] at Rebel News YouTube channel</ref> - the type of tactics typically engaged in by dictators such as [[Adolf Hitler]], [[Joseph Stalin]], the Chinese Communist regime and [[Hugo Chavez]] against opposition media. When Trudeau tried to block Rebel News and other conservative media outlets from covering a televised English-language federal leaders' debate (which was also the only English-language debate that Trudeau chose to take part in) during the 2019 Canadian federal election campaign, using the flimsy and hypocritical claim that Rebel News was "actively involved in advocacy" as the excuse to block its participation (while allowing in liberal journalists who themselves actively advocate for the Liberals and other left-leaning parties), Rebel News and conservative news website True North went to the Supreme Court of Canada<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5dpfPTU_0H4 We're BANNED from the debate, so we're going to COURT] at Rebel News YouTube channel</ref> and successfully overturned Trudeau's ban on the conservative news outlets covering the debate,<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4gTOHRO4LSQ We won! The Federal Court just ordered Trudeau to accredit Rebel News journalists!] at Rebel News YouTube channel</ref> dealing Trudeau a reversal in his efforts to illegally silence opposing viewpoints and asking of questions he and his fellow leftist politicians do not like. When CBC reporter Rosemary Barton, commenting on her Twitter account in response to the SCoC's overturn of Trudeau's ban on conservative journalists covering Liberal and government events, said that "...just because someone says they are a journalist doesn’t make them so", she drew heavy criticism for it in response, with some responders posting a photo of Barton taking a selfie of herself with Trudeau, while others took Barton's tweet and turned it around on her, pointing out with it and the selfie with Trudeau that, by her own standard, she herself is not a "journalist", only a partisan hack for Trudeau.<ref>[https://twitter.com/RosieBarton/status/1182483598508744704 Rosemary Barton: "Journalism is a critical part of democracy. And just because someone says they are a journalist doesn’t make them so"] at Twitter</ref>

By October 2019, Trudeau had stopped claiming that he personally opposed abortion.<ref>Laurence, Lianne (October 9, 2019). [https://www.lifesitenews.com/news/trudeau-declares-hes-no-longer-personally-opposed-to-abortion Trudeau declares he’s no longer personally opposed to abortion]. ''LifeSiteNews''. Retrieved October 9, 2019.</ref> In July 2021, Trudeau's bodyguards manhandled a Black female reporter who asked why Trudeau failed to label a rash of 20 church burnings as [[hate crime]]s.<ref>https://youtu.be/71ZmT4-MbBk</ref> In 2022 Trudeau accused [[Jewish]] members of parliament of supporting [[Nazi]]s.<ref>https://youtu.be/UoY4QvAz7z0</ref>

==Declaration of martial law==
On February 14, 2022, acting at the behest of the [[Biden regime]]<ref>[https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2022/02/14/trudeau-invoked-emergency-act-only-after-biden-urged-canada-to-use-federal-powers/ Trudeau Invoked ‘Emergency’ Act Only After Biden Administration Urged Canada to Use ‘Federal Powers’] at Breitbart News Network</ref> and in cowardly response to the anti-CCP flu mandates trucker convoy in Ottawa and related protests elsewhere after he spent some time in hiding from them, Trudeau, while lying about the truckers (including falsely calling them "terrorists") as he had been doing since their arrival, invoked the Emergencies Act to use as his excuse to illegally crack down on protests against his regime and his mandates.<ref>Two references:
*[https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2022/02/14/justin-trudeau-grabs-powers-under-never-before-used-emergencies-act-to-stomp-out-trucker-protests/ Justin Trudeau Grabs Powers Under Never-Before Used Emergencies Act to Stomp Out Trucker Protests] at Breitbart News Network
*[https://dailycaller.com/2022/02/14/justin-trudeau-invokes-emergencies-act-canada-freedom-convoy/ Justin Trudeau Invokes ‘Emergencies Act’ In Unprecedented Move] at the Daily Caller</ref> Trudeau's move has drawn massive criticism and condemnation on social media from the public, while in response, the truckers in Ottawa announced that they will not back down from Trudeau (in spite of his threats to illegally freeze their assets and crowdfunding support<ref>Two references:
*[https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2022/02/wow-trudeau-regime-announces-terrorist-funding-will-now-include-crowdfunding-donations-anything-dont-like-video/ WOW! Trudeau Regime Announces Terrorist Financing Will Now Include Crowdfunding Donations for Anything They Don’t Like] at the Gateway Pundit
*[https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2022/02/14/trudeau-targets-crowdfunding-platforms-cryptocurrencies-under-terrorist-financing-rules/ Trudeau Targets Crowdfunding Platforms, Cryptocurrencies Under ‘Terrorist Financing’ Rules] at Breitbart News Network</ref> and revoke their insurance for standing up to him and his ''[[diktat]]s''<ref>[https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2022/02/14/trudeau-threatens-freeze-assets-suspend-insurance-freedom-convoy-truckers/ Trudeau Threatens to Freeze Assets, Suspend Insurance of Freedom Convoy Truckers] at Breitbart News Network</ref>) or give in to his illegal power grab.<ref>[https://youtu.be/oBnVGDzbFVw Trucker Freedom Convoy 2022 Coverage (Ottawa, Windsor Ambassador Bridge, Coutts)] at YouTube</ref> The leftwing fascist regime's ''diktats'' included provisions to coerce [[forced labor]].<ref>https://theconservativetreehouse.com/blog/2022/02/15/tow-truck-operators-who-do-not-comply-with-pm-trudeau-orders-to-remove-protest-trucks-will-be-subject-to-arrest/</ref> Police began smashing truckers' windows amid frigid winter temperatures. Polls showed Trudeau's approval ratings at 16%.<ref>https://www.independentsentinel.com/trudeau-tries-to-get-his-16-favorability-up-with-martial-law-against-truckers/</ref> Jagmeet Singh, the leader of the far-Left [[New Democratic Party]],<ref>[https://twitter.com/TrueNorthCentre/status/1493273514333413383 True North: "NDP Leader Jagmeet Singh says his party will support the Trudeau government's use of the Emergencies Act"] at Twitter</ref> and [[Doug Ford]]<ref>Two references:
*[https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2022/02/14/justin-trudeau-grabs-powers-under-never-before-used-emergencies-act-to-stomp-out-trucker-protests/ Justin Trudeau Grabs Powers Under Never-Before Used Emergencies Act to Stomp Out Trucker Protests] at Breitbart News Network
*[https://twitter.com/RebelNewsOnline/status/1493288173937610759 Rebel News: "Responding to a question about invoking the Emergencies Act, Ontario Premier Doug Ford says he supports 'the federal government in any proposals they have to bring law and order back to our province.'"] at Twitter</ref> announced their full support of Trudeau's power grab. In response to Trudeau's action, the trucker convoy in Ottawa, as promised, have defied him and have shored up by parking more of their trucks in front of the Parliament Buildings than had already been there previously.<ref>[https://twitter.com/lincolnmjay/status/1493415803303219203 Lincoln Jay: "Many of the trucks that were spread out around Ottawa have relocated on Wellington St. Many more trucks than usual in front of the parliament of Canada"] at Twitter</ref> Protesters gathered outside of the Canadian Embassy in [[New York City]] to condemn Trudeau for his power grab.<ref>[https://www.rebelnews.com/protesters_rally_against_trudeau_outside_canadian_embassy_in_new_york_city Protesters rally against Trudeau outside Canadian Embassy in New York City] at Rebel News</ref>

Trudeau also drew condemnation from the Canadian Civil Liberties association<ref>[https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2022/02/canadian-civil-liberties-association-speaks-justin-trudeaus-declaration-emergency-act-crack-freedom-convoy-protesters/ Canadian Civil Liberties Association Speaks Out Against Justin Trudeau’s Declaration of Emergency Act to Crack Down on Freedom Convoy Protesters] at the Gateway Pundit</ref> and the Canadian Constitution Foundation<ref>[https://www.independentsentinel.com/canadian-constitution-foundation-trudeau-set-a-dangerous-precedent-its-fascism/ Canadian Constitution Foundation: Trudeau “Set a Dangerous Precedent” [It’s Fascism]]</ref> for his actions, and several Canadian premiers also opposed Trudeau's actions and condemned him for political overreach.<ref>[https://www.rebelnews.com/multiple_canadian_premiers_oppose_trudeau_invoking_emergencies_act Multiple Canadian premiers oppose Trudeau invoking Emergencies Act] at Rebel News</ref> [[Fox News]] host [[Tucker Carlson]] pointed out on his show that Trudeau's invocation of the [[Emergencies Act]] was the equivalent of declaring Canada a dictatorship, adding that the Freedom Convoy and the events connected to it do not qualify for the Act to be invoked.<ref>[https://www.breitbart.com/clips/2022/02/15/fncs-carlson-trudeau-has-declared-canada-a-dictatorship/ FNC’s Carlson: Trudeau Has Declared Canada a ‘Dictatorship’] at Breitbart News Network</ref> Subsequent to the event, Ottawa police chief Peter Sloly, who had sided with Trudeau and similarly made false accusations against the trucker convoy (including accusing them, without proof, of "harmful activities" and of spreading "hatred" and "violence"), announced his resignation from his post after he was criticized for his baseless accusations.<ref>Two references:
*[https://thepostmillennial.com/accusations-against-the-truckers-are-vicious-and-baseless Accusations against the truckers are vicious and baseless] at the Post Millennial
*[https://www.rebelnews.com/breaking_ottawa_police_chief_resigns_source_says BREAKING: Ottawa Police Chief resigns, source says] at Rebel News</ref> Trudeau, who previously attempted, without success, to hire tow truck drivers to remove the large trucks from the main protest in Ottawa and at blockades in Coutts, [[Alberta]] and Emerson, [[Manitoba]], has attempted to coerce the drivers into doing his dirty work for him by illegally threatening them with arrest if they refuse to remove the trucks.<ref>[https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2022/02/little-castro-justin-trudeau-now-threatening-tow-truck-drivers-not-cooperate-canadian-regime-face-arrest/ Little Castro: Justin Trudeau Is Now Threatening Tow Truck Drivers – Those Who Do Not Cooperate with Canadian Regime, Could Face Arrest] at the Gateway Pundit</ref> Trudeau's actions have drawn widespread condemnation from political leaders in the United States and [[El Salvador]],<ref>[https://www.breitbart.com/tech/2022/02/15/canadas-use-of-terrorist-laws-against-peaceful-protest-draws-international-condemnation/ Canada’s Use of Terrorist Laws Against Peaceful Protest Draws International Condemnation] at Breitbart News News</ref> with [[Ohio]] [[Republican]] congressman Warren Davidson announcing that he would introduce legislation in [[Congress]] to protect American citizens from similar such actions by the Biden regime, while Arizona [[United States Senate]] candidate and author Blake Masters outright called Trudeau a [[psychopath]].

Multiple members of Parliament shouted down Trudeau in the House of Commons for his dodging of questions and making flimsy excuses about his use of the Emergencies Act to suppress his political enemies, as well as his slandering of the Conservative MPs for their support of the Freedom Convoy.<ref>[https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2022/02/must-watch-canadian-parliament-members-shout-trudeau-multiple-times-dodges-questions-unprecedented-use-emergency-act-video/ MUST WATCH: Canadian Parliament Members Shout Down Trudeau Multiple Times As He Dodges Questions About His Unprecedented Use of the Emergency Act] at the Gateway Pundit</ref> Canadian conservative news site True North pointed out that Trudeau's drastic measures in invoking the Act indicates that the embattled and desperate Trudeau has lost all control of Canada.<ref>[https://tnc.news/2022/02/15/invoking-the-emergencies-act-confirms-that-trudeau-has-lost-all-control/ Invoking the Emergencies Act confirms that Trudeau has lost all control] at True North</ref> [[Louisiana]] Republican Senator John Kennedy pointed out that Trudeau's invocation of the Act is basically him claiming to be "smart" and "educated" while the truckers are not.<ref>[https://www.breitbart.com/clips/2022/02/15/gop-sen-kennedy-trudeaus-tyranny-of-the-managerial-elite-is-him-saying-im-smart-youre-not-truckers-want-to-follow-the-science/ GOP Sen. Kennedy: Trudeau’s ‘Tyranny of the Managerial Elite’ Is Him Saying, ‘I’m Smart, You’re Not’ – Truckers Want to ‘Follow the Science’] at Breitbart News Network</ref> [[Romania]]n member of the European Parliament Cristian Terhes denounced Trudeau for his tyrannical actions against the Freedom Convoy, calling what Trudeau is doing reminiscent of the oppressive Chinese Communist regime, then calling for his isolation by the international community.<ref>[https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2022/02/20/reminiscent-of-china-euro-mp-slams-trudeau-for-tyrannical-actions-against-truckers/ ‘Reminiscent of China’ – Euro MP Slams Trudeau for ‘Tyrannical Actions’ Against Truckers] at Breitbart News Network</ref> The paranoid Trudeau unilaterally insisted on keeping his "emergency" powers despite his jackboots having largely quelled the Freedom Convoy protests in Ottawa through violent means, claiming that "...(t)his state of emergency is not over... There continue to be real concerns about the coming days" while continuing to justify his use of the Emergencies Act;<ref>[https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2022/02/21/canada-justin-trudeau-insists-on-emergency-powers-despite-no-active-protests/ Canada: Justin Trudeau Insists on Emergency Powers Despite No Active Protests] at Breitbart News Network</ref> Trudeau also audaciously and falsely claimed that any MP in Parliament who votes to revoke the Act in opposition to his abuse of power opposes what he calls "democracy".<ref>[https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2022/02/watch-hours-parliamentary-vote-tyrant-trudeau-demands-emergencies-act-remains-place-claims-mp-votes-democracy-video/ WATCH: Hours Before Parliamentary Vote, Tyrant Trudeau Demands Emergencies Act Remains in Place – Claims Any MP Who Votes Against Him is Against “Democracy” (VIDEO)] at the Gateway Pundit</ref> Voting along party lines, the Trudeau Liberals and the NDP aligned to vote in favor of Trudeau's invocation of the Emergencies Act on February 21, 2022 with 185 votes versus 151 votes against by the [[Conservative Party of Canada|Conservatives]], the [[Bloc Quebecois]] and other MPs; for it to be fully passed, however, it must survive a vote by the Canadian Senate.<ref>Two references:
*[https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2022/02/breaking-majority-canadian-parliament-sides-trudeaus-tyranny-vote-uphold-unprecedented-emergencies-act/ BREAKING: Majority of Canadian Parliament Sides With Trudeau’s Tyranny – Vote to UPHOLD Unprecedented Emergencies Act After Protesters Beaten and Shackled] at the Gateway Pundit
*[https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2022/02/21/tyranny-canadian-parliament-votes-emergencies-act-motion/ Tyranny: Canadian Parliament Votes for Emergencies Act Motion] at Breitbart News Network</ref> Trudeau drew near-universal condemnation and mockery on social media, as well as from [[Fox News]] host [[Tucker Carlson]],<ref>[https://www.rebelnews.com/tucker_carlson_blasts_trudeau_for_standing_against_authoritarianism_while_crushing_dissent_in_canada Tucker Carlson blasts Trudeau for standing 'against authoritarianism' while crushing dissent in Canada] at Rebel News</ref> when he proclaimed that Canada would "...defend democracy" and "...stand against authoritarianism" (in response to [[Russia]]'s recognition of two breakaway areas of [[Ukraine]] as independent from the fascist Ukranian regime) while he hypocritically embraces authoritarianism and trashes Canadian democracy in his regime's attacks on the Freedom Convoy.<ref>[https://twitter.com/realmonsanto/status/1496253783504007177 Efron Monsanto: "Trudeau says Canada will stand against authoritarianism"] at Twitter</ref>

On February 23, 2022, Trudeau did a stunning about-face as he revoked the Emergencies Act, just one week after invoking it; conservative news outlets Rebel News and the Gateway Pundit speculated that he ended his use of the Act because it would have lost a vote in the Senate, resulting in the Act being terminated anyway.<ref>Multiple references:
*[https://www.rebelnews.com/trudeau_revokes_emergencies_act BREAKING: Trudeau revokes Emergencies Act] at Rebel News
*[https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2022/02/breaking-shocking-reversal-trudeau-revokes-use-emergencies-act-video/ BREAKING: In a Shocking Reversal, Trudeau Revokes His Use of the Emergencies Act] at the Gateway Pundit
*[https://ottawasun.com/news/politics/breaking-justin-trudeau-set-to-revoke-emergencies-act Justin Trudeau revokes Emergencies Act: 'Existing laws and bylaws are now sufficient'] at the ''Ottawa Sun''</ref> To save face, Trudeau claimed that "...(w)e are confident that existing laws and bylaws are now sufficient to keep people safe" and that his regime would continue supporting the [[Ottawa Police Service]] against the Freedom Convoy protesters.

== Controversial decisions ==
Trudeau has performed poorly as Canada's prime minister since first being elected.<ref>Says, Andrew (July 15, 2019). [https://humanevents.com/2019/07/15/how-justin-trudeau-is-pushing-canada-further-right/ How Justin Trudeau Is Pushing Canada Further Right]. ''Human Events''. Retrieved July 19, 2019.</ref> One of his first acts was to spend $1.6 billion to import 25,000 [[Syria]]n migrants. Most Canadians live within 200 miles of the American border, which is almost entirely unsecured. On May 19, 2018, numerous [[conservative]] groups opposed to illegal immigration protested against Trudeau and his policies.<ref>http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/quebec-canada-border-crossing-protest-1.4670852</ref> He has taken a weak stance on immigration issues.<ref>Murphy, James (July 24, 2018). [https://www.thenewamerican.com/world-news/north-america/item/29621-canada-s-immigration-troubles-and-justin-trudeau-s-tepid-response Canada’s Immigration Troubles and Justin Trudeau’s Tepid Response]. ''The New American''. Retrieved July 24, 2018.</ref> When confronted by a critic of illegal migration at a public event, Trudeau avoided the actual issue of migration that she brought up and stated that "racism has no place here," falsely implying she was "racist."<ref>Gstalter, Morgan (August 19, 2018). [https://thehill.com/policy/international/402568-trudeau-shuts-down-heckler-racism-has-no-place-in-canada Trudeau shuts down heckler: 'Racism has no place' in Canada]. ''The Hill''. Retrieved August 19, 2018.</ref> By 2019, however, Trudeau had been forced to take a stricter stance on migration, considering the large increase in migration and the upcoming national election.<ref>Mackrael, Kim (March 29, 2019). [https://www.wsj.com/articles/in-shift-trudeau-begins-to-tighten-canadas-welcoming-stance-on-refugees-11553878130 In Shift, Trudeau Begins to Tighten Canada’s Welcoming Stance on Refugees]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. Retrieved March 30, 2019.</ref> Trudeau so alienated western Canada that support for separatism reached record highs in the region.<ref>Tomlinson, Chris (November 7, 2019). [https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2019/11/07/wexit-separatism-conservative-western-canada-peaks-trudeau-win/ Wexit: Separatism in Conservative Western Canada Peaks After Trudeau Win]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved November 7 2019.</ref> He also took far-left stances on [[euthanasia]],<ref>Schadenberg, Alex (November 22, 2019). [https://www.lifesitenews.com/opinion/trudeau-wants-more-euthanasia-even-as-laws-are-already-being-abused Trudeau wants more euthanasia, even as laws are already being abused]. ''LifeSiteNews'' (from the ''Euthanasia Prevention Coalition''). Retrieved November 22, 2019.</ref> and he claimed promoting "gender equality" in Canada's military was an acceptable alternative to increasing his country's low contributions to [[NATO]].<ref>Gehrke, Joel (December 3, 2019). [https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/defense-national-security/incredibly-qualified-women-trudeau-touts-gender-equality-when-asked-about-nato-spending-shortfall ‘Incredibly qualified women’: Trudeau touts gender equality when asked about NATO spending shortfall]. ''Washington Examiner''. Retrieved December 3, 2019.</ref> Trudeau is alleged to have violated Canadian law by targeting advertising for the commercially available [[Pfizer]] mRNA [[covid vaccine]] experiments to children under the age of 12 years old.

Trudeau has pulled Canadian forces from the alliance against [[ISIS]], and withdrawn from defense agreements with the United States, such as the F-35 agreement. He also plans to legalize marijuana and prostitution. Syrian comedian Treka exposed the insanity Trudeau poses in a video regarding ISIS fighters returning to Canada.<ref>https://israelunwired.com/syrian-comedian-justin-trudeau-insanity/</ref> So far, American political leaders, including Republicans, have been silent on the threat Trudeau poses to the United States.

===Internet censorship===
Trudeau and his controversial then-Heritage Minister, convicted criminal<ref name="convicted criminal">[https://www.rebelnews.com/trudeau-cabinet-minister-convicted-criminal-stephen-guilbeault-regulate-news-media-tax-netflix Trudeau's convicted criminal in cabinet wants to regulate your news and Netflix] at Rebel News</ref> Steven Guilbeault, came under criticism for their plan to enact a new bill, the ''Act to Amend the Broadcasting Act'' (known officially as Bill C-10), that would illegally force censorship of websites containing any opinions that the Trudeau regime does not like (in violation of the [[Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms]], which guarantees and protects freedom of speech), as well as to overrule Facebook, Twitter and YouTube if the regime thinks their moderators are not doing enough to censor political and ideological opponents.<ref>Multiple references:
*[https://www.rebelnews.com/liberals_plan_legislation_to_censor_social_media_hate_speech Liberals plan legislation to censor social media “hate speech”] at Rebel News
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=otScg_ZnzTw Trudeau wants to regulate what you post online] at True North YouTube channel
*[https://www.rebelnews.com/the_liberals_are_coming_to_censor_the_internet_in_canada The Liberals are coming to censor the internet in Canada] at Rebel News
*[https://www.rebelnews.com/ezra_levant_show_april_23_2021 Why are journalists so quiet about the Liberal plan to censor the Internet?] at Rebel News</ref> When criticized about Bill C-10 by the opposition Conservatives (who pointed out that the bill would illegally silence Canadians on social media), Trudeau could not defend or justify his support for the bill, but instead resorted to name-calling and [[gaslighting]] against the Conservatives, mockingly accusing them of being "tinfoil hats" before falsely claiming that his Liberals "support" free speech online, despite his bill doing exactly the opposite.<ref>Two references:
*[https://www.rebelnews.com/trudeau_laughs_off_tinfoil_hats_criticizing_liberal_online_censorship_plan Trudeau laughs off “tinfoil hats” criticizing Liberal online censorship plan] at Rebel News
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pXtqCRpelxw Regulating, Censoring and Namecalling] at True North YouTube channel</ref>

===Freedom Convoy===
{{main|Freedom Convoy}}
{{See also|CCP virus in Canada}}
[[File:Ceausescu2.PNG|right|200px||thumb|Justin Trudeau's "unacceptable views" speech recalled the Romanian dictator [[Nicolae Ceausescu]]'s imperviousness to the groundswell of public opinion and earthquake occurring underneath his feet.<ref>https://taibbi.substack.com/p/justin-trudeaus-ceausescu-moment</ref>]]
Canadian truckers in January 2022 began protesting a leftwing fascist mandate that required the production of vaccine passports before crossing the U.S.-Canadian border. Canadian truckers were reportedly 90% vaccinated, above the country’s 78% total, a key detail that was brazenly ignored by the [[liberal media]] in both countries determined to depict the protests as "anti-science" and “anti-vax” rather than “anti-mandate” and "pro-freedom" protests. When the Freedom Convoy descended upon Ottawa, Trudeau dismissed them in a speech reminiscent of the final days socialist [[dictator]] Nicolae Ceausescu:
{{quotebox-float|"The small fringe minority of people who are on their way to Ottawa, who are holding unacceptable views that they are expressing, do not represent the views of Canadians…who know that following the science and stepping up to protect each other is the best way to ensure our rights, our freedoms, our values as a country."}}
A near-exact repeat of [[Hillary Clinton]]'s “basket of deplorables” speech, Trudeau’s description of “unacceptable views" instantly became a rallying cry,<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LmDkSQO5zeo&t=380s</ref> with people across the country lining the streets to cheer truckers while self-identifying as the “small fringe minority.” Everyone from high school kids to farmers and teachers and random marchers joined in as Trudeau’s own words were used to massively accelerate his troubles. Members of his party in parliament began criticizing Trudeau.

The head of a Trudeau-funded hate group posted a picture of an [[antisemitic]] flier on [[social media]] claiming it to have originated with the Freedom Convoy. Bernie Farber, who is listed as the chair of CAHN on the group’s website, which has received hundreds of thousands of taxpayer dollars from the Trudeau regime, posted a tweet of an antisemitic flier stating, “Taken by a friend in Ottawa at the Occupation. Apparently in plain sight." Records show CAHN received $268,400 Canadian dollars (USD $211,526) in 2020. It was quickly established that the picture of the flier was not from the Ottawa trucker Freedom Convoy protests – the same photo was from an unrelated event in [[Miami, Florida]], and first posted on [[Twitter]] on January 23, 2022.<ref>https://www.breitbart.com/europe/2022/02/10/anti-hate-group-head-used-miami-anti-semitic-flyer-to-smear-truckers/</ref>

Political commentator [[Bill Maher]] remarked:
{{quotebox-float|"Justin Trudeau— I mean, I thought he was kind of a cool guy. And I started to read what he said... he was talking about people who are not vaccinated. He said, ‘They don't believe in science. They're often misogynistic, often racist.’ No, they're not. He said, ‘But they take up space. And with that, we have to make a choice in terms of a leader as a country— Do we tolerate these people?’ It's like, tolerate?? Now you do sound like [[Hitler]]. And recently, he talked about holding ‘unacceptable views.’”<ref>https://rumble.com/vurpiq-bill-maher-says-trudeaus-rhetoric-is-starting-to-sound-like-hitler..html</ref>}}
Trudeau refused to negotiate with the truckers. Instead, Trudeau consulted with U.S. socialist premier Joe Biden who urged him to use federal force and coercion against the protesters by invoking martial law. Trudeau promised "quick action."<ref>https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/02/11/readout-of-president-bidens-call-with-prime-minister-justin-trudeau-of-canada/</ref>

====Invocation of [[Emergencies Act (Canada)|Emergencies Act]] in response to peaceful Freedom Convoy====

{{see also|Emergencies Act (Canada)}}
{{see also|Emperor Palpatine#Modern Comparisons to Emperor Palpatine}}

===Israel-"Palestine" clashes===
During the Gaza protests between Israel and "Palestinian" terrorist groups, Trudeau was criticized after condemning [[Israel]] and failing to condemn [[Hamas]].<ref>https://www.thepostmillennial.com/video-trudeau-government-condemns-israel-and-not-hamas/</ref> He went in a heated debate with [[Andrew Scheer]] over the Gaza clashes.<ref>https://globalnews.ca/video/4226971/opposition-leader-and-prime-minister-spar-over-%E2%80%8Bhamas-condemnation</ref>

== Other controversial decisions ==

===Omar Khadr===
Trudeau received criticism after paying Omar Khadr.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/07/world/canada/omar-khadr-apology-guantanamo-bay.html</ref>

===Support for Bashar al-Assad===
Trudeau is a supporter of the socialist dictator [[Bashar al-Assad]] and his Iranian [[Islamist]] allies. He appointed Assad's "Man in Montreal" to an important government position.<ref>https://www.macleans.ca/news/canada/why-did-the-trudeau-government-approve-bashar-assads-man-in-montreal/</ref> Trudeau has refused to help Canadians who were imprisoned by a communist pro-Assad militia, the [[PKK|YPG]]. The YPG claims they were linked to ISIS, but was not able to verify that claim in any courts.<ref>https://www.theglobeandmail.com/politics/article-trudeau-refuses-to-commit-to-repatriating-canadians-in-syria-amid/</ref>

===Gun control===
[[File:Maggy Fidel and Pierre.PNG|right|250px|thumb|Margaret Trudeau with arms around Castro, Fidel Castro, and Pierre Trudeau. Margaret called Castro, "the sexiest man I ever met."<ref>https://covid19reporter.com/the-real-life-story-of-justin-trudeau-margaret-trudeau-and-his-real-father-fidel-castro/</ref>]]
Trudeau exploited Canada's worst mass shooting event in that country's history to promote greater [[gun control]] measures.<ref>https://www.newsmax.com/t/newsmax/article/964025?section=newsfront&keywords=trudeau-guncontrol-canadashooting&year=2020&month=04&date=21&id=964025</ref>

===Support for leftist terror===

While he and Chrystia Freeland sought to illegally seize the bank accounts of peaceful Freedom Convoy protesters exercising their legal right to protest and falsely calling the protesters "terrorists", Trudeau hypocritically made donations through a government agency called the Canadian Race Relations Foundation to actual left-wing terrorist groups such as [[Black Lives Matter]], as well as corrupted leftist groups such as the misnamed Anti-Hate Network and the BC Civil Liberties Association.<ref>[https://www.rebelnews.com/trudeau_gives_blm_money_while_seizing_the_bank_accounts_of_peaceful_protesters Trudeau gives BLM money while seizing the bank accounts of peaceful protesters] at Rebel News</ref>

===Environment portfolio===

In October 2021, Trudeau replaced his controversial previous environment minister, Catherine McKenna, in that portfolio with Steven Guilbeault.<ref>[https://tnc.news/2021/10/27/trudeau-appoints-an-environmental-radical-as-environment-minister/ Trudeau appoints an environmental radical as environment minister] at True North</ref> Guilbeault, an environmental radical and former [[Greenpeace]] activist who also tried pushing Bill C-10 while he was heritage minister,<ref>Two references:
*[https://tnc.news/2021/10/27/liberals-want-to-rush-censorship-law-bill-c-10-back-into-parliament/ Liberals want to rush censorship law Bill C-10 back into parliament] at True North
*[https://www.rebelnews.com/ezra_levant_show_september_10_2020 Trudeau appoints convicted criminal to censor Internet freedom] at Rebel News</ref> has a criminal record for illegally climbing the CN Tower in Toronto in 2001 as part of his attention-seeking protest activities;<ref name="convicted criminal"/> such a record, however, does not prohibit Guilbeault from running for or holding public office, as it would if he had instead been convicted, for example, of an illegal practice or a corrupt practice under section 502(3)(a) of the ''Canada Elections Act'' or had been imprisoned for criminal activity,<ref>[https://lop.parl.ca/sites/PublicWebsite/default/en_CA/ResearchPublications/201728E Parliament of Canada - Criminal Charges and Parliamentarians]</ref> which Guilbeault had not been.

===India trip===
Trudeau received strong criticism for his trip to [[India]] being a total disaster,<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/global-opinions/wp/2018/02/22/trudeaus-india-trip-is-a-total-disaster-and-he-has-himself-to-blame/</ref> and the media pointed out that [[Donald Trump]]'s son outshined him when he went to India.<ref>http://www.scmp.com/week-asia/geopolitics/article/2134781/trump-jr-outshines-trudeau-thats-how-bad-india-canada-ties</ref> He also received criticism by Indians due to his outfits, which were described as fake and annoying.<ref>https://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/news/article.cfm?c_id=2&objectid=12000288</ref>

==Controversial statements==
===Covid vaccine mandates===
{{See also|Vaccine mandate|Faucism|Canada#Liberals declare martial law}}
Trudeau characterized CCP flu "vaccine" mandate protesters as having "unacceptable views."<ref>https://youtu.be/LmDkSQO5zeo?t=380</ref>

Trudeau has repeatedly accused [[Faucism#Opponents of Faucism|everyone supporting an end to coronavirus mandates]] of being "tied" to [[Nazi]]s and [[Confederate]]s.<ref>[https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2022/02/17/parliament-scolds-justin-trudeau-for-saying-conservative-jewish-lawmaker-stands-with-nazis/]</ref>

On February 16, 2022, Trudeau delivered an address in the Canadian House of commons on the implementation of the ''[[Emergencies Act (Canada)|Emergencies Act]]''. After [[Conservative Party of Canada|Conservative MP]] Mellissa Lantsman grilled Trudeau for fanning the flames of an “unjustified national emergency.”, Trudeau implied that the those in the Freedom Convoy were "Nazis" when he said,

{{Quotebox-float|"[[Conservative Party of Canada|Conservative Party]] members can stand with people who wave [[swastika|swastikas]]; they can stand with people who wave the [[Confederate flag]].” —[[Justin Trudeau]]<ref>https://www.politico.com/newsletters/ottawa-playbook/2022/02/17/ottawa-deserves-better-00009716</ref>}} Mellissa Lantsman is [[Jewish]]. In response to this egregious comment by Trudeau, members of the opposition immediately demanded Trudeau retract his comment. Conservative MP Dane Lloyd rose to the floor and called him out saying,

{{Quotebox-float|"I've never seen such shameful remarks coming from this Prime Minister – my great grandfather [[Bombing of Germany|flew over 30 missions]] over [[Nazi Germany]]. My great great uncle's body [[World War II|lies at the bottom]] of the [[English Channel]]. There are members of this body who are descendants of victims of the [[Holocaust]]. For the Prime Minister to accuse any colleagues in this House of standing with the [[swastika]]<ref>www.conservapedia.comflag_of_nazi_germany.png</ref> is shameful – I'm giving the Prime Minister an opportunity. I'm calling upon him to unreservedly apologize for this shameful remark,”

—Dane Lloyd<ref>[https://www.thedesertreview.com/opinion/columnists/trudeau-takes-a-beating-in-parliament/article_2ac42b8c-9026-11ec-abd3-53b2d2c1bb89.html]</ref><ref>https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2022/02/17/parliament-scolds-justin-trudeau-for-saying-conservative-jewish-lawmaker-stands-with-nazis/</ref><ref>[https://www.politico.com/newsletters/ottawa-playbook/2022/02/17/ottawa-deserves-better-00009716]</ref>}}
After Trudeau continued to ignore<ref>[https://www.thedesertreview.com/opinion/columnists/trudeau-takes-a-beating-in-parliament/article_2ac42b8c-9026-11ec-abd3-53b2d2c1bb89.html]</ref> the multiple<ref>https://www.politico.com/newsletters/ottawa-playbook/2022/02/17/ottawa-deserves-better-00009716</ref> requests for apology, Dane Lloyd again rose and said,
{{Quotebox-float|"The fact is, I don't know how any member of the Government Caucus can stand by this Prime Minister – when he accuses honorable members of the House of standing with a swastika! I'm calling on ALL members of the Liberal Caucus to denounce the Prime Minister. I've given him two chances to apologize – he has refused to apologize. Mr. Prime Minister – APOLOGIZE!"<ref>www.conservapedia.comflag_of_nazi_germany.png</ref> is shameful – I'm giving the Prime Minister an opportunity. I'm calling upon him to unreservedly apologize for this shameful remark,”

—Dane Lloyd<ref>[https://www.thedesertreview.com/opinion/columnists/trudeau-takes-a-beating-in-parliament/article_2ac42b8c-9026-11ec-abd3-53b2d2c1bb89.html]</ref><ref>https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2022/02/17/parliament-scolds-justin-trudeau-for-saying-conservative-jewish-lawmaker-stands-with-nazis/</ref><ref>[https://www.politico.com/newsletters/ottawa-playbook/2022/02/17/ottawa-deserves-better-00009716]</ref>}}

===Fidel Castro===
[[File:Justin Castro.jpg|right|250px|thumb|Trudeau with the elder Castro.]]
After [[Cuba]]n [[Communist]] dictator [[Fidel Castro]]'s death was reported, Trudeau stated he was mourning his death, and among other positive statements, called Castro a "remarkable leader."<ref>Wootson, Cleve R., Jr. (November 26, 2016). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2016/11/26/trudeau-called-castro-a-remarkable-leader-twitter-imagined-what-he-would-say-about-stalin/?tid=pm_world_pop Trudeau called Castro a ‘remarkable leader.’ Twitter imagined what he would say about Stalin.] ''The Washington Post''. Retrieved November 28, 2016.</ref><ref>Hallett, Nick (November 26, 2016). [https://www.breitbart.com/london/2016/11/26/canadian-pm-trudeau-praises-dictator-castro/ Canadian PM Trudeau Praises Dictator Castro as ‘Remarkable Leader’]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved June 21, 2017.</ref> Outrage erupted, and many mocked him with "#TrudeauEulogies" on Twitter, after writing posts mourning the death of dictators.

===China===
In 2013, when asked about which country he admires besides Canada, Trudeau was criticized after stating that he admires of [[China]]'s "basic dictatorship."<ref>http://torontosun.com/2013/11/08/trudeau-admires-chinas-basic-dictatorship/wcm/72d62ec4-e0f4-4720-bb18-d998f445630c</ref> The video of Trudeau's statement about China recently resurfaced in February 2022 in response to his invocation of the Emergencies Act ([[Justin Trudeau#Invocation of the Emergencies Act|see above]]).<ref>[https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2022/02/15/watch-justin-trudeau-expresses-admiration-for-china-in-resurfaced-video/ Watch: Justin Trudeau Expresses ‘Admiration’ for China in Resurfaced Video] at Breitbart News Network</ref>

===Alberta===
Trudeau was criticized for failing to mention Alberta on Canada Day, which was considered an insult to Alberta.<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2017/07/02/we-already-know-you-hate-alberta-how-justin-trudeau-managed-to-insult-an-entire-province/</ref> He later apologized, and admitted he was embarrassed for not doing so.<ref>http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/edmonton/justin-trudeau-forgets-alberta-canada-day-1.4187656</ref>

===ISIS===
In an interview with [[CTV]], Trudeau called returning [[Islamic State|ISIS]] fighters an "extraordinarily powerful voice for preventing radicalization."<ref>https://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2017/12/20/trudeau-returning-islamic-state-jihadists-extraordinarily-powerful-voice-canada/</ref> Throughout the Trudeau government, about sixty have returned to Canada.<ref>https://globalnews.ca/news/3871229/canada-concerned-returning-isis-fighters-justin-trudeau/</ref> He stated Canadians can be safe despite ISIS fighters returning at the Hamilton town hall.<ref>http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/hamilton-trudeau-town-hall-1.4481025</ref> Trudeau compared ISIS fighters to immigrants such as [[Greeks]], Portuguese, and Italians, and also believing that they can be rehabilitated.<ref>https://canadafreepress.com/article/trudeau-compares-isis-fighters-to-greek-italian-portuguese-immigrants</ref> He also called on Canadians to welcome them and stated that they won't attack if they do.<ref>https://www.freespeechtime.net/2018/01/canadian-pm-calls-on-canadians-to.html</ref> Trudeau faced criticism when one of the fighters, Abu Huzaifa al-Kanadi, returned to Canada, with conservatives calling for his arrest.<ref>http://www.news1130.com/2018/05/11/trudeau-isis-executing/</ref> However, Trudeau called questions about Abu Hazaifa "divisive."<ref>http://brianlilley.com/trudeau-worries-that-questions-about-a-violent-isis-fighter-are-divisive/</ref> Numerous documents showed that Trudeau stated that ISIS has a "right to return" to Canada and that he stated that the government must facilitate their return.<ref>https://dailycaller.com/2018/05/15/documents-canada-paying-isis-fighters-return/</ref><ref>http://debatepost.com/2018/05/27/trudeau-says-the-government-must-facilitate-isiss-return/</ref> His government was also said to be opening the doors for them to join the Canada military.<ref>http://debatepost.com/2018/05/26/warning-trudeau-government-opening-door-for-isis-to-join-canadian-military/</ref>

==="Peoplekind"===
Trudeau was criticized after he telling a woman to say "peoplekind" instead of "mankind".<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/feb/07/justin-trudeau-tells-woman-to-say-peoplekind-not-mankind</ref> Australian commentator Rita Panahi stated that Trudeau saying "peoplekind" was an attempt to "appease those desperate to find offence where none exists." He apologized by calling his "peoplekind" statement a "dumb joke".<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/feb/07/justin-trudeau-apologises-joke-personkind-viral</ref>

===Climate change===
In May 2018, Trudeau compared those he derided as "climate change deniers" to supporters of female genital mutilation."<ref>Delingpole, James (May 17, 2018). [https://www.breitbart.com/big-government/2018/05/17/delingpole-climate-change-deniers-are-like-supporters-of-fgm-claims-trudeau/ Delingpole: ‘Climate Change Deniers Are Like Supporters of FGM,’ Claims Trudeau]. ''Breitbart News''. Retrieved May 17, 2018.</ref>

===Immigration and hate crime hoaxes===
An 11-year-old girl reported that a man twice tried to cut off her [[hijab]] with scissors as she walked to school with her younger brother. Her story captured international attention and public condemnation from Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, Ontario Premier Kathleen Wynne and Toronto Mayor John Tory. Trudeau said,
{{quotebox-float|"My heart goes out to the young girl who was attacked, seemingly for her [[religion]]. I can’t imagine how afraid she must have been, I want her and her family and her friends and community to know that that is not what Canada is, that is not who Canadians are… We are better than this."<ref>[https://nationalpost.com/news/toronto/until-it-was-found-to-be-a-hoax-toronto-girls-hijab-made-news-not-the-attack-on-her Until it was found to be a hoax, Toronto girl's hijab made news, not the attack on her], ''National Post'', 15 January 2018.</ref>}} Even after the [[police]] reported it was a [[hate crime hoax]], Trudeau doubled down on fearmongering:
{{quotebox-float|"We have seen an unfortunate pattern of increased hate crimes in past months directed towards religious minorities, particularly towards women, a warning sign of increased intolerance."}} When Trudeau announced his plan to bring 25,000 [[Syrian]] immigrants into Canada, Trudeau stated,
{{quotebox-float|"I will be personally responsible for harm that may come to any citizen of Canada. Any harm, from any refugee, brought into Canada by my Government, I stand personally responsible"<ref>https://me.me/i/october-16th-2016-trudeau-i-will-be-personally-responsible-for-d2d6e769f4184634b783ac3d42a71641</ref><ref>https://nationalpost.com/news/politics/trudeau-vows-to-keep-canadians-safe-as-he-rebuffs-provinces-concerns-over-plan-to-accept-25000-syrian-refugees</ref>}} Months later, after the hijab hate crime hoax, when Syrian "refugee" Ibrahim Ali murdered 13 year old Marrisa Shen, Trudeau was silent.<ref>https://www.spencerfernando.com/2018/09/13/trudeau-was-so-quick-to-comment-on-the-hijab-hoax-yet-remains-silent-on-syrian-refugee-charged-with-killing-burnaby-girl/</ref>

===Anti-Semitism===
Trudeau engaged in [[anti-Semitism]] against Conservative MP Melissa Lantsman, who is Jewish and a descendant of [[Holocaust]] survivors, by accusing her of supporting "people who wave swastikas" in her support of the Freedom Convoy;<ref>[https://tnc.news/2022/02/16/trudeau-accuses-jewish-conservative-mp-of-supporting-people-who-wave-swastikas/ Trudeau accuses Jewish Conservative MP of supporting “people who wave swastikas”] at True North</ref> Trudeau refused to apologize for his false and inflammatory remark, even after he was called out by Lantsman and other Conservative MPs and told to apologize for slandering conservatives as "Nazis" (which is inaccurate as Nazism is a form of socialism and conservatives are ''not'' "socialist"), all while he ignored that his deputy prime minister Chrystia Freeland's family has ties to Nazism and who is a supporter of [[George Soros]] (who collaborated with the Nazis in his youth).<ref>[https://www.thegatewaypundit.com/2022/02/trudeau-labels-jewish-mp-nazi-wont-apologize-claims-protecting-canadians-freedoms-ignores-deputy-prime-ministers-grandfather-nazi/ Trudeau Labels a Jewish MP a Nazi, Won’t Apologize, Claims He’s Protecting Canadians’ Freedoms by Stripping Their Freedoms – Ignores that His Deputy Prime Minister’s Grandfather Was a Nazi] at the Gateway Pundit</ref> Trudeau was condemned for his comments by a group of Israeli doctors, scientists and researchers who denounced him for falsely comparing the Freedom Convoy protesters to "Nazi sympathizers" and smearing them as "racist" and "anti-Semitic" while hypocritically smearing Lantsman.<ref>[https://www.breitbart.com/politics/2022/02/22/leading-israeli-doctors-slam-trudeau-for-equating-freedom-convoy-protesters-with-nazis/ Leading Israeli Doctors Slam Trudeau for Equating Freedom Convoy Protesters with Nazis] at Breitbart News Network</ref>

==SNC–Lavalin scandal==
The SNC–Lavalin scandal, which was revealed in 2019, badly shook Trudeau's government and led to the resignation of several cabinet ministers. On August 14, 2019, the Canadian Ethics Commission found Trudeau had misused his position of authority. An [[extreme leftist]], Trudeau sent $1 million Canadian dollars to the [[Wuhan Institute of Virology]] after the release of the [[Chinese Communist global pandemic]]. The contribution was totally unnecessary given Canada's already existing [[trade deficit]] with the [[totalitarian]] regime.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ulxCHfH7Jaw</ref>

==Promises==
Prior to being shut down, a non-partisan website called [https://www.trudeaumetre.ca/ ''TrudeauMetre''] tracked Trudeau's campaign promises, and their fulfillment or lack thereof. It recorded, as of October 2019, 129 achieved promises, 59 broken, 27 in progress, and 15 not yet begun. On February 11, 2017, there were numerous protests against Trudeau for a broken promise he made on electoral reform.<ref>https://globalnews.ca/news/3243620/protests-held-across-canada-over-justin-trudeaus-broken-electoral-reform-promise/</ref>

==Quotes==
*''There’s a level of admiration I actually have for China. Their basic [[dictatorship]] is actually allowing them to turn their economy around on a dime and say, ‘We need to go green, we want to start investing in solar’.''<ref>https://youtu.be/eqnmfNiaM-Y</ref>

==See also==
*[[Racism]]
*[[Essay:Canadian Prime Minister Chooses Full “Bull” Connor in Reacting to Freedom Truckers Convoy]]
*[[Essay:Prime Minister Trudeau Compared to Nicolae Ceaușescu]]
*[[Truckers for freedom]]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

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