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Samuel Krafsur

2015-04-27T22:58:53Z

Dwain: /* Early career */

<div style="float: right; border: 1px solid #8888aa; background: #f7f8ff; padding: 5px; font-size: 85%; margin: 0 15px 0 15px; text-align: center;">
<div style="background: #ccf; font-weight: bold; padding: 1px 3px 1px 3px;">This article is part of the<br/>[[Venona project|Venona]]<br/>series.</div>
[[CPUSA#Secret_apparatus|Secret apparatus]]<br/>
[[Abraham Lincoln Brigade]]<br/>
[[TASS]]
</div>

'''Samuel Simon Krafsur''' (January 10, 1913<ref>U. S. Social Security Death Index</ref> – June 1983) was a Boston-born journalist who worked for the [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] news agency [[TASS (USSR)|TASS]] during [[World War II]]. He was also known as '''Bill Krafsur'''.<ref>[http://64.233.169.104/search?q=cache:zvSmw-tjBF8J:www.alba-valb.org/volpdf/vol_1938_04.pdf+%22Bill+Krafsur%22&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=3&gl=us The Volunteer For Liberty, Vol. 1, No. 3, April, 1938]</ref>

Krafsur was mentioned in the [[Venona]] intercepts under the codename IDE. He was used by the [[KGB]] during the war as a source of information and for recruiting journalists as informants and agents, and is referred to in the [[NSA]] archives as a "KGB agent".<ref>National Security Agency Archives[http://permanent.access.gpo.gov/lps33230/www.nsa.gov/docs/venona/monographs/monograph-1.html], National Cryptological Museum, [http://www.nsa.gov/museum/museu00040.cfm] Custodian of documents for the Army Signals Intelligence Corp.</ref><ref>[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/venon00116.cfm?CFID=2412771&CFTOKEN=59316524&jsessionid=c830b21ad087a$5FoV$B#17]</ref>

==Family==
Krafsur was born to Jacob and Selia Krafsur on January 10, 1913 in [[Boston]], [[Massachusetts]]. His father had been married previously and was left a widower before marrying Selia. The family name was originally Krapin. His father was working as a tailor in Boston in 1930. His father was born in Poland and his mother in Russia; they were ethnic Jews who spoke Yiddish.

==Early career==
In 1934, Krafsur joined the [[Communist Party of America]].<ref>The Venona Secrets: Exposing America's Cold War Traitors, Herbert Romerstein, Eric Breindel, page 430</ref> He attended Northeastern University for a year.<ref>''Venona: Decoding Espionage in America'', John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr, Yale University Press, (1999), pgs. 242–244, 248.</ref> Before going to [[Spain]] to fight with the [[Abraham Lincoln Brigade]] during the [[Spanish Civil War]],<ref>[http://64.233.169.104/search?q=cache:RQEKkR4YxdoJ:www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/spanjews.pdf+Krafsur+Boston+%2268+Phillips%22&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=3&gl=us Jews Who Served in the Spanish Civil War, by Martin Sugarman]</ref>he lived at 68 Phillips Street in Boston. Krafsur was wounded in Spain in May of 1937 and returned to the States in July. That same year he married Dixie Elizabeth Scoville in [[Vermont]].<ref>[http://genealinks.com/cgi-bin/marriages.cgi/?Dix GeneaLinks, Online Marriage Records for Your Genealogy]</ref>

In 1938 Krafsur was a member of the editorial staff of ''The Volunteers for Liberty'' a newspaper which was an, "organ of the Veterans of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade" organization out of 125 West 45 Street in New York City.<ref>The Volunteer For Liberty, Vol. 1, No. 3, April, 1938</ref> In April of 1938 he was in charge of finding veterans to tell their war sotries to be made into radio plays written by [[Irwin Shaw]].<ref>The Volunteer For Liberty, Vol. 1, No. 3, April, 1938</ref> From 1939 to 1941 he worked as a secretary to his brother-in-law journalist and novelist Elliot Paul.<ref>[http://dlib.nyu.edu/findingaids/html/tamwag/alba_267/bioghist.html Tamiment Library ]</ref>

He began working for TASS in New York in 1941<ref> Scope of Soviet Activity in the United States: Hearing Before the Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws of the Committee of the Judiciary, United States Senate, 84th Congress Second Session [85th Congress First Session] Transcript, April 17, 1956</ref> after being recruited by the Soviet agent [[Vladimir Pravdin]]. Krafsur spent he Summer of 1941 working in New York and was sent down to Washington, D.C. in October of that year. After the attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, he was located in Washington perminently.<ref>Scope of Soviet Activity in the United States: Hearing Before the Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws of the Committee of the Judiciary, United States Senate, 84th Congress Second Session [85th Congress First Session] Transcript, April 17, 1956</ref>

Krafsur was considered an important asset to the KGB because of the many contacts he had with other newsmen. He was the deputy TASS bureau chief in [[Washington, D.C.]] and the [[FBI]] spent a lot of time and effort trying to identify who he was under his codename IDE.<ref>''Venona: Decoding Espionage in America'', John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr, Yale University Press, (1999), pgs. 242–244, 248.</ref>

In May 1944, he was described in a KGB cable from New York to Moscow as, "absolutely devoted to the [[USSR]]." He provided at least twenty leads of people for possible recruitment including [[Josef Berger|Joseph Berger]], a personal aide to the chairman of the [[Democratic National Committee]], and [[I. F. Stone]].<ref>''Venona: Decoding Espionage in America'', John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr, Yale University Press, (1999), pgs. 242–244, 248.</ref>

On August 17, 1944, Krafsur attended an off-the-record press conference in which Secretary of State [[Cordell Hull]] made an off-the-record remark concerning the Soviet Union. Krafsur reported the comment to the NKVD.<ref>The Venona Secrets: Exposing America's Cold War Traitors, Herbert Romerstein, Eric Breindel, page 430</ref>

Although Krafsur is supposed to have left TASS in October 1949,<ref> Scope of Soviet Activity in the United States: Hearing Before the Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws of the Committee of the Judiciary, United States Senate, 84th Congress Second Session [5th Congress First Session] Transcript, April 17, 1956</ref> he was mentioned in a newspaper article of November 26, 1949 as S.S. Krafsur as having press credentials along with five others out of the Washington office.<ref>The Evening Standard, "Monty Has Private Bodyguard for His Beret," George Dixon, page 10.</ref>

== Later life ==
In 1950 Krafsur purchased a toy store in Bethesda called Roger's Toy Store. He later resided at 6423 Dahlonega Road, Washington 16, D. C. and worked in Rockville at the Rockville Toy Craft.<ref>''Venona: Decoding Espionage in America'', John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr, Yale University Press, (1999), pgs. 242–244, 248.</ref> On February 24, 1956 Krafsur testified before a Senate sub-committee.<ref>Scope of Soviet Activity in the United States: Hearing Before the Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws of the Committee of the Judiciary, United States Senate, 84th Congress Second Session [85th Congress First Session] Transcript, April 17, 1956</ref>

According to his son, Elliot Scoville Krafsur, "S. S. Krafsur was 'uncooperative' with the [[House Committee on Un-American Activities|House Un-American Activities Committee]] in 1956 because they only wanted him to name publicly people he might have thought were communists or communist supporters."<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Samuel_Krafsur Elliot Scoville Krafsur, August 31, 2005</ref> Krafsur resigned from his toy job on the Saturday before his testimony on April 17, 1956, when he was invited to testify under oath for Subcommittee To Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws. Krafsur took the Fifth when asked if he had ever used another name or belonged to the Communist Party. He did state that after December 1940 and while working for TASS he was not a member of the Communist Party. Apart from the questions relating to his being a Communist he answered all the questions put to him and was far from being uncooperative, at least at this meeting, as his son suggested. He was asked no questions as to who he believed was or was not a party member.<ref>Scope of Soviet Activity in the United States: Hearing Before the Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws of the Committee of the Judiciary, United States Senate, 84th Congress Second Session [85th Congress First Session] Transcript, April 17, 1956</ref>

From 1959 to 1978 he worked for Reuter news agency as the office manager in Washington, D.C. and then as a correspondent covering commodity and financial news from 1968 on. He lived in St. Petersburg, Florida and died, at the age of seventy, in Memphis, Tennesee in June 1983.<ref>U. S. Social Security Death Index</ref>

==Venona==
Samuel Krafsur is referenced in the following [[Venona project]] decryptions:

*KGB Agent Samuel Krafsur reports on potential recruits.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/17_May_1944_R3_m5_p1.gif 705 KGB New York to Moscow, 17 May 1944]

*KGB reports on two journalists.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/21_May_1944_R3_p1.gif 734 KGB New York to Moscow, 21 May 1944]

*Identity of "IDE" and recommendation of his friend [[Joseph Berger]].
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/23_May_1944_R6_m1_p1.gif 738 KGB New York to Moscow, 23 May 1944]

*KGB Agent Samuel Krafsur's wife.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/01_Jun_1944_R3_m3_p1.gif 789 KGB New York to Moscow, 1 June 1944]

* US Diplomatic Policy.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/15_Jun_1944_R3_m1_p1.gif 847B, 848 KGB New York to Moscow, 15 June 1944, p.1]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/15_Jun_1944_R3_m1_p2.gif 847B, 848 KGB New York to Moscow, 15 June 1944, p.2]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/15_Jun_1944_R3_m1_p3.gif 847B, 848 KGB New York to Moscow, 15 June 1944, p.3]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/15_Jun_1944_R3_m1_p4.gif 847B, 848 KGB New York to Moscow, 15 June 1944, p.4]

*KGB agent Sammuel Krafsur receives information.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/15_Jul_1944_R3_m1_p1.gif 998 KGB New York to Moscow, 15 July 1944, p.1]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/15_Jul_1944_R3_m1_p2.gif 998 KGB New York to Moscow, 15 July 1944, p.2]

* Report of Secretary of State [[Cordell Hull]]'s informal views.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/17_Aug_1944_R3_m3_p1.gif 1178 KGB New York to Moscow, 17 August 1944, p.1]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/17_Aug_1944_R3_m3_p2.gif 1178 KGB New York to Moscow, 17 August 1944, p.2]

*Baltimore Sun correspondent corroborates [[Walter Lippman]]'s views of [[Churchill]]'s relations with [[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Roosevelt]].
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/09_Sep_1944_R3_m2_p1.gif 1291 KGB New York to Moscow, 9 September 1944, p.1]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/09_Sep_1944_R3_m2_p2.gif 1291 KGB New York to Moscow, 9 September 1944, p.2]

*Interest in recruiting [[I. F. Stone]] and in deal in Chile.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/13_Sep_1944_R3_m4_p1.gif 1313 KGB New York to Moscow, 13 September 1944, p.1]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/13_Sep_1944_R3_m4_p2.gif 1313 KGB New York to Moscow, 13 September 1944, p.2]

*Resend of newspapers' views of correspondents on pending Roosevelt and Churchill meeting.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/14_Sep_1944_R3_m1_p1.gif 1312 KGB New York to Moscow, 14 September 1944, p.1]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/14_Sep_1944_R3_m1_p2.gif 1312 KGB New York to Moscow, 14 September 1944, p.2]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/14_Sep_1944_R3_m1_p3.gif 1312 KGB New York to Moscow, 14 September 1944, p.3]

*Operational report by [[Pravdin]]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/10_Oct_1944_R3_m3_p1.gif 1433, 1435 New York to Moscow, 10 October 1944, p.1]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/10_Oct_1944_R3_m3_p2.gif 1433, 1435 New York to Moscow, 10 October 1944, p.2]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/10_Oct_1944_R3_m3_p3.gif 1433, 1435 New York to Moscow, 10 October 1944, p.3]

*I. F. Stone' reluctance to help KGB as he fears [[FBI]].
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/23_Oct_1944_R3_m1_p1.gif 1506 KGB New York to Moscow, 23 October 1944, p.1]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/23_Oct_1944_R3_m1_p2.gif 1506 KGB New York to Moscow, 23 October 1944, p.2]

* Ambassador [[William Averell Harriman]]'s comments to US Press Corps on aid to USSR.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/28_Oct_1944_R3_m1_p1.gif 1535, 1537, 1538 KGB New York to Moscow, 28 October 1944]

*Joseph Berger is assessed by KGB agent Samuel Krafsur.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/25_May_1945_R3_m2_p1.gif 777–779 KGB New York to Moscow, 25 May 1945, p.1]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/25_May_1945_R3_m2_p2.gif 777–779 KGB New York to Moscow, 25 May 1945, p.2]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/25_May_1945_R3_m2_p3.gif 777–779 KGB New York to Moscow, 25 May 1945, p.3]

==References==
<div class="references-small" style="-moz-column-count:2; column-count:2;">
<references/>
</div>

== Sources ==
* ''Venona: Decoding Espionage in America'', John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr, Yale University Press, (1999), pgs. 242–244, 248. ISBN 0-300-07150-7
* ''Mortal Crimes - The Greatest Theft in History: Soviet Penetration of the Manhattan Project'', Nigel West, Enigma Books, (2004).

== External links ==
* [http://www.theworldintelligencereview.com/books&culture/archives/2005/03/spying_on_ameri.html Spying on America]
* [http://www.alba-valb.org/volunteers/samuel-conway-krafsur/?searchterm=Krafsur ALBA Abraham Lincoln Brigade Archives]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Krafsur, Samuel}}
[[Category:KGB Agents and Sources]]
[[Category:propagandists]]
[[Category:Jewish People]]
[[Category:European Jews]]
[[Category:American Jews]]
[[Category:Socialists]]

Samuel Krafsur

2015-04-27T22:58:29Z

Dwain: /* Later life */

<div style="float: right; border: 1px solid #8888aa; background: #f7f8ff; padding: 5px; font-size: 85%; margin: 0 15px 0 15px; text-align: center;">
<div style="background: #ccf; font-weight: bold; padding: 1px 3px 1px 3px;">This article is part of the<br/>[[Venona project|Venona]]<br/>series.</div>
[[CPUSA#Secret_apparatus|Secret apparatus]]<br/>
[[Abraham Lincoln Brigade]]<br/>
[[TASS]]
</div>

'''Samuel Simon Krafsur''' (January 10, 1913<ref>U. S. Social Security Death Index</ref> – June 1983) was a Boston-born journalist who worked for the [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] news agency [[TASS (USSR)|TASS]] during [[World War II]]. He was also known as '''Bill Krafsur'''.<ref>[http://64.233.169.104/search?q=cache:zvSmw-tjBF8J:www.alba-valb.org/volpdf/vol_1938_04.pdf+%22Bill+Krafsur%22&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=3&gl=us The Volunteer For Liberty, Vol. 1, No. 3, April, 1938]</ref>

Krafsur was mentioned in the [[Venona]] intercepts under the codename IDE. He was used by the [[KGB]] during the war as a source of information and for recruiting journalists as informants and agents, and is referred to in the [[NSA]] archives as a "KGB agent".<ref>National Security Agency Archives[http://permanent.access.gpo.gov/lps33230/www.nsa.gov/docs/venona/monographs/monograph-1.html], National Cryptological Museum, [http://www.nsa.gov/museum/museu00040.cfm] Custodian of documents for the Army Signals Intelligence Corp.</ref><ref>[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/venon00116.cfm?CFID=2412771&CFTOKEN=59316524&jsessionid=c830b21ad087a$5FoV$B#17]</ref>

==Family==
Krafsur was born to Jacob and Selia Krafsur on January 10, 1913 in [[Boston]], [[Massachusetts]]. His father had been married previously and was left a widower before marrying Selia. The family name was originally Krapin. His father was working as a tailor in Boston in 1930. His father was born in Poland and his mother in Russia; they were ethnic Jews who spoke Yiddish.

==Early career==
In 1934, Krafsur joined the [[Communist Party of America]].<ref>The Venona Secrets: Exposing America's Cold War Traitors, Herbert Romerstein, Eric Breindel, page 430</ref> He attended Northeastern University for a year.<ref>''Venona: Decoding Espionage in America'', John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr, Yale University Press, (1999), pgs. 242–244, 248.</ref> Before going to [[Spain]] to fight with the [[Abraham Lincoln Brigade]] during the [[Spanish Civil War]],<ref>[http://64.233.169.104/search?q=cache:RQEKkR4YxdoJ:www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/spanjews.pdf+Krafsur+Boston+%2268+Phillips%22&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=3&gl=us Jews Who Served in the Spanish Civil War, by Martin Sugarman]</ref>he lived at 68 Phillips Street in Boston. Krafsur was wounded in Spain in May of 1937 and returned to the States in July. That same year he married Dixie Elizabeth Scoville in [[Vermont]].<ref>[http://genealinks.com/cgi-bin/marriages.cgi/?Dix GeneaLinks, Online Marriage Records for Your Genealogy]</ref>

In 1938 Krafsur was a member of the editorial staff of ''The Volunteers for Liberty'' a newspaper which was an, "organ of the Veterans of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade" organization out of 125 West 45 Street in New York City.<ref>The Volunteer For Liberty, Vol. 1, No. 3, April, 1938</ref> In April of 1938 he was in charge of finding veterans to tell their war sotries to be made into radio plays written by [[Irwin Shaw]].<ref>The Volunteer For Liberty, Vol. 1, No. 3, April, 1938</ref> From 1939 to 1941 he worked as a secretary to his brother-in-law journalist and novelist Elliot Paul.<ref>[http://dlib.nyu.edu/findingaids/html/tamwag/alba_267/bioghist.html Tamiment Library ]</ref>

He began working for TASS in New York in 1941<ref> Scope of Soviet Activity in the United States: Hearing Before the Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws of the Committee of the Judiciary, United States Senate, 84th Congress Second Session [85th Congress First Session] Transcript, April 17, 1956</ref> after being recruited by the Soviet agent [[Vladimir Pravdin]]. Krafsur spent he Summer of 1941 working in New York and was sent down to Washington, D.C. in October of that year. After the attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, he was located in Washington perminently.<ref>Scope of Soviet Activity in the United States: Hearing Before the Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws of the Committee of the Judiciary, United States Senate, 84th Congress Second Session [85th Congress First Session] Transcript, April 17, 1956</ref>

Krafsur was considered an important asset to the KGB because of the many contacts he had with other newsmen. He was the deputy TASS bureau chief in [[Washington, D.C.]] and the [[FBI]] spent a lot of time and effort trying to identify who he was under his codename IDE.<ref>''Venona: Decoding Espionage in America'', John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr, Yale University Press, (1999), pgs. 242–244, 248.</ref>

In May 1944, he was described in a KGB cable from New York to Moscow as, "absolutely devoted to the [[USSR]]." He provided at least twenty leads of people for possible recruitment including [[Josef Berger|Joseph Berger]], a personal aide to the chairman of the [[Democratic National Committee]], and [[I. F. Stone]].<ref>''Venona: Decoding Espionage in America'', John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr, Yale University Press, (1999), pgs. 242–244, 248.</ref>

On August 17, 1944, Krafsur attended an off-the-record press conference in which Secretary of State [[Cordell Hull]] made an off-the-record remark concerning the Soviet Union. Krafsur reported the comment to the NKVD.<ref>The Venona Secrets: Exposing America's Cold War Traitors, Herbert Romerstein, Eric Breindel, page 430</ref>

Although Krafsur is suppose to have left TASS in October 1949,<ref> Scope of Soviet Activity in the United States: Hearing Before the Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws of the Committee of the Judiciary, United States Senate, 84th Congress Second Session [5th Congress First Session] Transcript, April 17, 1956</ref> he was mentioned in a newspaper article of November 26, 1949 as S.S. Krafsur as having press credentials along with five others out of the Washington office.<ref>The Evening Standard, "Monty Has Private Bodyguard for His Beret," George Dixon, page 10.</ref>

== Later life ==
In 1950 Krafsur purchased a toy store in Bethesda called Roger's Toy Store. He later resided at 6423 Dahlonega Road, Washington 16, D. C. and worked in Rockville at the Rockville Toy Craft.<ref>''Venona: Decoding Espionage in America'', John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr, Yale University Press, (1999), pgs. 242–244, 248.</ref> On February 24, 1956 Krafsur testified before a Senate sub-committee.<ref>Scope of Soviet Activity in the United States: Hearing Before the Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws of the Committee of the Judiciary, United States Senate, 84th Congress Second Session [85th Congress First Session] Transcript, April 17, 1956</ref>

According to his son, Elliot Scoville Krafsur, "S. S. Krafsur was 'uncooperative' with the [[House Committee on Un-American Activities|House Un-American Activities Committee]] in 1956 because they only wanted him to name publicly people he might have thought were communists or communist supporters."<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Samuel_Krafsur Elliot Scoville Krafsur, August 31, 2005</ref> Krafsur resigned from his toy job on the Saturday before his testimony on April 17, 1956, when he was invited to testify under oath for Subcommittee To Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws. Krafsur took the Fifth when asked if he had ever used another name or belonged to the Communist Party. He did state that after December 1940 and while working for TASS he was not a member of the Communist Party. Apart from the questions relating to his being a Communist he answered all the questions put to him and was far from being uncooperative, at least at this meeting, as his son suggested. He was asked no questions as to who he believed was or was not a party member.<ref>Scope of Soviet Activity in the United States: Hearing Before the Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws of the Committee of the Judiciary, United States Senate, 84th Congress Second Session [85th Congress First Session] Transcript, April 17, 1956</ref>

From 1959 to 1978 he worked for Reuter news agency as the office manager in Washington, D.C. and then as a correspondent covering commodity and financial news from 1968 on. He lived in St. Petersburg, Florida and died, at the age of seventy, in Memphis, Tennesee in June 1983.<ref>U. S. Social Security Death Index</ref>

==Venona==
Samuel Krafsur is referenced in the following [[Venona project]] decryptions:

*KGB Agent Samuel Krafsur reports on potential recruits.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/17_May_1944_R3_m5_p1.gif 705 KGB New York to Moscow, 17 May 1944]

*KGB reports on two journalists.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/21_May_1944_R3_p1.gif 734 KGB New York to Moscow, 21 May 1944]

*Identity of "IDE" and recommendation of his friend [[Joseph Berger]].
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/23_May_1944_R6_m1_p1.gif 738 KGB New York to Moscow, 23 May 1944]

*KGB Agent Samuel Krafsur's wife.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/01_Jun_1944_R3_m3_p1.gif 789 KGB New York to Moscow, 1 June 1944]

* US Diplomatic Policy.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/15_Jun_1944_R3_m1_p1.gif 847B, 848 KGB New York to Moscow, 15 June 1944, p.1]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/15_Jun_1944_R3_m1_p2.gif 847B, 848 KGB New York to Moscow, 15 June 1944, p.2]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/15_Jun_1944_R3_m1_p3.gif 847B, 848 KGB New York to Moscow, 15 June 1944, p.3]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/15_Jun_1944_R3_m1_p4.gif 847B, 848 KGB New York to Moscow, 15 June 1944, p.4]

*KGB agent Sammuel Krafsur receives information.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/15_Jul_1944_R3_m1_p1.gif 998 KGB New York to Moscow, 15 July 1944, p.1]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/15_Jul_1944_R3_m1_p2.gif 998 KGB New York to Moscow, 15 July 1944, p.2]

* Report of Secretary of State [[Cordell Hull]]'s informal views.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/17_Aug_1944_R3_m3_p1.gif 1178 KGB New York to Moscow, 17 August 1944, p.1]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/17_Aug_1944_R3_m3_p2.gif 1178 KGB New York to Moscow, 17 August 1944, p.2]

*Baltimore Sun correspondent corroborates [[Walter Lippman]]'s views of [[Churchill]]'s relations with [[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Roosevelt]].
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/09_Sep_1944_R3_m2_p1.gif 1291 KGB New York to Moscow, 9 September 1944, p.1]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/09_Sep_1944_R3_m2_p2.gif 1291 KGB New York to Moscow, 9 September 1944, p.2]

*Interest in recruiting [[I. F. Stone]] and in deal in Chile.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/13_Sep_1944_R3_m4_p1.gif 1313 KGB New York to Moscow, 13 September 1944, p.1]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/13_Sep_1944_R3_m4_p2.gif 1313 KGB New York to Moscow, 13 September 1944, p.2]

*Resend of newspapers' views of correspondents on pending Roosevelt and Churchill meeting.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/14_Sep_1944_R3_m1_p1.gif 1312 KGB New York to Moscow, 14 September 1944, p.1]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/14_Sep_1944_R3_m1_p2.gif 1312 KGB New York to Moscow, 14 September 1944, p.2]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/14_Sep_1944_R3_m1_p3.gif 1312 KGB New York to Moscow, 14 September 1944, p.3]

*Operational report by [[Pravdin]]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/10_Oct_1944_R3_m3_p1.gif 1433, 1435 New York to Moscow, 10 October 1944, p.1]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/10_Oct_1944_R3_m3_p2.gif 1433, 1435 New York to Moscow, 10 October 1944, p.2]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/10_Oct_1944_R3_m3_p3.gif 1433, 1435 New York to Moscow, 10 October 1944, p.3]

*I. F. Stone' reluctance to help KGB as he fears [[FBI]].
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/23_Oct_1944_R3_m1_p1.gif 1506 KGB New York to Moscow, 23 October 1944, p.1]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/23_Oct_1944_R3_m1_p2.gif 1506 KGB New York to Moscow, 23 October 1944, p.2]

* Ambassador [[William Averell Harriman]]'s comments to US Press Corps on aid to USSR.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/28_Oct_1944_R3_m1_p1.gif 1535, 1537, 1538 KGB New York to Moscow, 28 October 1944]

*Joseph Berger is assessed by KGB agent Samuel Krafsur.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/25_May_1945_R3_m2_p1.gif 777–779 KGB New York to Moscow, 25 May 1945, p.1]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/25_May_1945_R3_m2_p2.gif 777–779 KGB New York to Moscow, 25 May 1945, p.2]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/25_May_1945_R3_m2_p3.gif 777–779 KGB New York to Moscow, 25 May 1945, p.3]

==References==
<div class="references-small" style="-moz-column-count:2; column-count:2;">
<references/>
</div>

== Sources ==
* ''Venona: Decoding Espionage in America'', John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr, Yale University Press, (1999), pgs. 242–244, 248. ISBN 0-300-07150-7
* ''Mortal Crimes - The Greatest Theft in History: Soviet Penetration of the Manhattan Project'', Nigel West, Enigma Books, (2004).

== External links ==
* [http://www.theworldintelligencereview.com/books&culture/archives/2005/03/spying_on_ameri.html Spying on America]
* [http://www.alba-valb.org/volunteers/samuel-conway-krafsur/?searchterm=Krafsur ALBA Abraham Lincoln Brigade Archives]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Krafsur, Samuel}}
[[Category:KGB Agents and Sources]]
[[Category:propagandists]]
[[Category:Jewish People]]
[[Category:European Jews]]
[[Category:American Jews]]
[[Category:Socialists]]

Samuel Krafsur

2015-04-27T22:31:20Z

Dwain: /* Early career */

<div style="float: right; border: 1px solid #8888aa; background: #f7f8ff; padding: 5px; font-size: 85%; margin: 0 15px 0 15px; text-align: center;">
<div style="background: #ccf; font-weight: bold; padding: 1px 3px 1px 3px;">This article is part of the<br/>[[Venona project|Venona]]<br/>series.</div>
[[CPUSA#Secret_apparatus|Secret apparatus]]<br/>
[[Abraham Lincoln Brigade]]<br/>
[[TASS]]
</div>

'''Samuel Simon Krafsur''' (January 10, 1913<ref>U. S. Social Security Death Index</ref> – June 1983) was a Boston-born journalist who worked for the [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] news agency [[TASS (USSR)|TASS]] during [[World War II]]. He was also known as '''Bill Krafsur'''.<ref>[http://64.233.169.104/search?q=cache:zvSmw-tjBF8J:www.alba-valb.org/volpdf/vol_1938_04.pdf+%22Bill+Krafsur%22&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=3&gl=us The Volunteer For Liberty, Vol. 1, No. 3, April, 1938]</ref>

Krafsur was mentioned in the [[Venona]] intercepts under the codename IDE. He was used by the [[KGB]] during the war as a source of information and for recruiting journalists as informants and agents, and is referred to in the [[NSA]] archives as a "KGB agent".<ref>National Security Agency Archives[http://permanent.access.gpo.gov/lps33230/www.nsa.gov/docs/venona/monographs/monograph-1.html], National Cryptological Museum, [http://www.nsa.gov/museum/museu00040.cfm] Custodian of documents for the Army Signals Intelligence Corp.</ref><ref>[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/venon00116.cfm?CFID=2412771&CFTOKEN=59316524&jsessionid=c830b21ad087a$5FoV$B#17]</ref>

==Family==
Krafsur was born to Jacob and Selia Krafsur on January 10, 1913 in [[Boston]], [[Massachusetts]]. His father had been married previously and was left a widower before marrying Selia. The family name was originally Krapin. His father was working as a tailor in Boston in 1930. His father was born in Poland and his mother in Russia; they were ethnic Jews who spoke Yiddish.

==Early career==
In 1934, Krafsur joined the [[Communist Party of America]].<ref>The Venona Secrets: Exposing America's Cold War Traitors, Herbert Romerstein, Eric Breindel, page 430</ref> He attended Northeastern University for a year.<ref>''Venona: Decoding Espionage in America'', John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr, Yale University Press, (1999), pgs. 242–244, 248.</ref> Before going to [[Spain]] to fight with the [[Abraham Lincoln Brigade]] during the [[Spanish Civil War]],<ref>[http://64.233.169.104/search?q=cache:RQEKkR4YxdoJ:www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/spanjews.pdf+Krafsur+Boston+%2268+Phillips%22&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=3&gl=us Jews Who Served in the Spanish Civil War, by Martin Sugarman]</ref>he lived at 68 Phillips Street in Boston. Krafsur was wounded in Spain in May of 1937 and returned to the States in July. That same year he married Dixie Elizabeth Scoville in [[Vermont]].<ref>[http://genealinks.com/cgi-bin/marriages.cgi/?Dix GeneaLinks, Online Marriage Records for Your Genealogy]</ref>

In 1938 Krafsur was a member of the editorial staff of ''The Volunteers for Liberty'' a newspaper which was an, "organ of the Veterans of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade" organization out of 125 West 45 Street in New York City.<ref>The Volunteer For Liberty, Vol. 1, No. 3, April, 1938</ref> In April of 1938 he was in charge of finding veterans to tell their war sotries to be made into radio plays written by [[Irwin Shaw]].<ref>The Volunteer For Liberty, Vol. 1, No. 3, April, 1938</ref> From 1939 to 1941 he worked as a secretary to his brother-in-law journalist and novelist Elliot Paul.<ref>[http://dlib.nyu.edu/findingaids/html/tamwag/alba_267/bioghist.html Tamiment Library ]</ref>

He began working for TASS in New York in 1941<ref> Scope of Soviet Activity in the United States: Hearing Before the Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws of the Committee of the Judiciary, United States Senate, 84th Congress Second Session [85th Congress First Session] Transcript, April 17, 1956</ref> after being recruited by the Soviet agent [[Vladimir Pravdin]]. Krafsur spent he Summer of 1941 working in New York and was sent down to Washington, D.C. in October of that year. After the attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, he was located in Washington perminently.<ref>Scope of Soviet Activity in the United States: Hearing Before the Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws of the Committee of the Judiciary, United States Senate, 84th Congress Second Session [85th Congress First Session] Transcript, April 17, 1956</ref>

Krafsur was considered an important asset to the KGB because of the many contacts he had with other newsmen. He was the deputy TASS bureau chief in [[Washington, D.C.]] and the [[FBI]] spent a lot of time and effort trying to identify who he was under his codename IDE.<ref>''Venona: Decoding Espionage in America'', John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr, Yale University Press, (1999), pgs. 242–244, 248.</ref>

In May 1944, he was described in a KGB cable from New York to Moscow as, "absolutely devoted to the [[USSR]]." He provided at least twenty leads of people for possible recruitment including [[Josef Berger|Joseph Berger]], a personal aide to the chairman of the [[Democratic National Committee]], and [[I. F. Stone]].<ref>''Venona: Decoding Espionage in America'', John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr, Yale University Press, (1999), pgs. 242–244, 248.</ref>

On August 17, 1944, Krafsur attended an off-the-record press conference in which Secretary of State [[Cordell Hull]] made an off-the-record remark concerning the Soviet Union. Krafsur reported the comment to the NKVD.<ref>The Venona Secrets: Exposing America's Cold War Traitors, Herbert Romerstein, Eric Breindel, page 430</ref>

Although Krafsur is suppose to have left TASS in October 1949,<ref> Scope of Soviet Activity in the United States: Hearing Before the Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws of the Committee of the Judiciary, United States Senate, 84th Congress Second Session [5th Congress First Session] Transcript, April 17, 1956</ref> he was mentioned in a newspaper article of November 26, 1949 as S.S. Krafsur as having press credentials along with five others out of the Washington office.<ref>The Evening Standard, "Monty Has Private Bodyguard for His Beret," George Dixon, page 10.</ref>

== Later life ==
In the 1950’s Krafsur lived at 6423 Dahlonega Road, Washington 16, D. C. and worked in Rockville at the Rockville Toy Craft.<ref>''Venona: Decoding Espionage in America'', John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr, Yale University Press, (1999), pgs. 242–244, 248.</ref> On February 24, 1956 Krafsur testified before a Senate sub-committee.<ref>Scope of Soviet Activity in the United States: Hearing Before the Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws of the Committee of the Judiciary, United States Senate, 84th Congress Second Session [85th Congress First Session] Transcript, April 17, 1956</ref>

According to his son, Elliot Scoville Krafsur, "S. S. Krafsur was 'uncooperative' with the [[House Committee on Un-American Activities|House Un-American Activities Committee]] in 1956 because they only wanted him to name publicly people he might have thought were communists or communist supporters."<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Samuel_Krafsur Elliot Scoville Krafsur, August 31, 2005</ref> Krafsur resigned from his toy job on the Saturday before his testimony on April 17, 1956, when he was invited to testify under oath for Subcommittee To Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws. Krafsur took the Fifth when asked if he had ever used another name or belonged to the Communist Party. He did state that after December 1940 and while working for TASS he was not a member of the Communist Party. Apart from the questions relating to his being a Communist he answered all the questions put to him and was far from being uncooperative, at least at this meeting, as his son suggested. He was asked no questions as to who he believed was or was not a party member.<ref>Scope of Soviet Activity in the United States: Hearing Before the Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws of the Committee of the Judiciary, United States Senate, 84th Congress Second Session [85th Congress First Session] Transcript, April 17, 1956</ref>

From 1959 to 1978 he worked for Reuter news agency as the office manager in Washington, D.C. and then as a correspondent covering commodity and financial news from 1968 on. He lived in St. Petersburg, Florida and died, at the age of seventy, in Memphis, Tennesee in June 1983.<ref>U. S. Social Security Death Index</ref>

==Venona==
Samuel Krafsur is referenced in the following [[Venona project]] decryptions:

*KGB Agent Samuel Krafsur reports on potential recruits.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/17_May_1944_R3_m5_p1.gif 705 KGB New York to Moscow, 17 May 1944]

*KGB reports on two journalists.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/21_May_1944_R3_p1.gif 734 KGB New York to Moscow, 21 May 1944]

*Identity of "IDE" and recommendation of his friend [[Joseph Berger]].
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/23_May_1944_R6_m1_p1.gif 738 KGB New York to Moscow, 23 May 1944]

*KGB Agent Samuel Krafsur's wife.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/01_Jun_1944_R3_m3_p1.gif 789 KGB New York to Moscow, 1 June 1944]

* US Diplomatic Policy.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/15_Jun_1944_R3_m1_p1.gif 847B, 848 KGB New York to Moscow, 15 June 1944, p.1]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/15_Jun_1944_R3_m1_p2.gif 847B, 848 KGB New York to Moscow, 15 June 1944, p.2]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/15_Jun_1944_R3_m1_p3.gif 847B, 848 KGB New York to Moscow, 15 June 1944, p.3]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/15_Jun_1944_R3_m1_p4.gif 847B, 848 KGB New York to Moscow, 15 June 1944, p.4]

*KGB agent Sammuel Krafsur receives information.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/15_Jul_1944_R3_m1_p1.gif 998 KGB New York to Moscow, 15 July 1944, p.1]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/15_Jul_1944_R3_m1_p2.gif 998 KGB New York to Moscow, 15 July 1944, p.2]

* Report of Secretary of State [[Cordell Hull]]'s informal views.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/17_Aug_1944_R3_m3_p1.gif 1178 KGB New York to Moscow, 17 August 1944, p.1]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/17_Aug_1944_R3_m3_p2.gif 1178 KGB New York to Moscow, 17 August 1944, p.2]

*Baltimore Sun correspondent corroborates [[Walter Lippman]]'s views of [[Churchill]]'s relations with [[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Roosevelt]].
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/09_Sep_1944_R3_m2_p1.gif 1291 KGB New York to Moscow, 9 September 1944, p.1]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/09_Sep_1944_R3_m2_p2.gif 1291 KGB New York to Moscow, 9 September 1944, p.2]

*Interest in recruiting [[I. F. Stone]] and in deal in Chile.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/13_Sep_1944_R3_m4_p1.gif 1313 KGB New York to Moscow, 13 September 1944, p.1]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/13_Sep_1944_R3_m4_p2.gif 1313 KGB New York to Moscow, 13 September 1944, p.2]

*Resend of newspapers' views of correspondents on pending Roosevelt and Churchill meeting.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/14_Sep_1944_R3_m1_p1.gif 1312 KGB New York to Moscow, 14 September 1944, p.1]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/14_Sep_1944_R3_m1_p2.gif 1312 KGB New York to Moscow, 14 September 1944, p.2]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/14_Sep_1944_R3_m1_p3.gif 1312 KGB New York to Moscow, 14 September 1944, p.3]

*Operational report by [[Pravdin]]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/10_Oct_1944_R3_m3_p1.gif 1433, 1435 New York to Moscow, 10 October 1944, p.1]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/10_Oct_1944_R3_m3_p2.gif 1433, 1435 New York to Moscow, 10 October 1944, p.2]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/10_Oct_1944_R3_m3_p3.gif 1433, 1435 New York to Moscow, 10 October 1944, p.3]

*I. F. Stone' reluctance to help KGB as he fears [[FBI]].
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/23_Oct_1944_R3_m1_p1.gif 1506 KGB New York to Moscow, 23 October 1944, p.1]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/23_Oct_1944_R3_m1_p2.gif 1506 KGB New York to Moscow, 23 October 1944, p.2]

* Ambassador [[William Averell Harriman]]'s comments to US Press Corps on aid to USSR.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/28_Oct_1944_R3_m1_p1.gif 1535, 1537, 1538 KGB New York to Moscow, 28 October 1944]

*Joseph Berger is assessed by KGB agent Samuel Krafsur.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/25_May_1945_R3_m2_p1.gif 777–779 KGB New York to Moscow, 25 May 1945, p.1]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/25_May_1945_R3_m2_p2.gif 777–779 KGB New York to Moscow, 25 May 1945, p.2]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/25_May_1945_R3_m2_p3.gif 777–779 KGB New York to Moscow, 25 May 1945, p.3]

==References==
<div class="references-small" style="-moz-column-count:2; column-count:2;">
<references/>
</div>

== Sources ==
* ''Venona: Decoding Espionage in America'', John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr, Yale University Press, (1999), pgs. 242–244, 248. ISBN 0-300-07150-7
* ''Mortal Crimes - The Greatest Theft in History: Soviet Penetration of the Manhattan Project'', Nigel West, Enigma Books, (2004).

== External links ==
* [http://www.theworldintelligencereview.com/books&culture/archives/2005/03/spying_on_ameri.html Spying on America]
* [http://www.alba-valb.org/volunteers/samuel-conway-krafsur/?searchterm=Krafsur ALBA Abraham Lincoln Brigade Archives]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Krafsur, Samuel}}
[[Category:KGB Agents and Sources]]
[[Category:propagandists]]
[[Category:Jewish People]]
[[Category:European Jews]]
[[Category:American Jews]]
[[Category:Socialists]]

Samuel Krafsur

2015-04-27T22:23:12Z

Dwain: /* Later life */

<div style="float: right; border: 1px solid #8888aa; background: #f7f8ff; padding: 5px; font-size: 85%; margin: 0 15px 0 15px; text-align: center;">
<div style="background: #ccf; font-weight: bold; padding: 1px 3px 1px 3px;">This article is part of the<br/>[[Venona project|Venona]]<br/>series.</div>
[[CPUSA#Secret_apparatus|Secret apparatus]]<br/>
[[Abraham Lincoln Brigade]]<br/>
[[TASS]]
</div>

'''Samuel Simon Krafsur''' (January 10, 1913<ref>U. S. Social Security Death Index</ref> – June 1983) was a Boston-born journalist who worked for the [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] news agency [[TASS (USSR)|TASS]] during [[World War II]]. He was also known as '''Bill Krafsur'''.<ref>[http://64.233.169.104/search?q=cache:zvSmw-tjBF8J:www.alba-valb.org/volpdf/vol_1938_04.pdf+%22Bill+Krafsur%22&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=3&gl=us The Volunteer For Liberty, Vol. 1, No. 3, April, 1938]</ref>

Krafsur was mentioned in the [[Venona]] intercepts under the codename IDE. He was used by the [[KGB]] during the war as a source of information and for recruiting journalists as informants and agents, and is referred to in the [[NSA]] archives as a "KGB agent".<ref>National Security Agency Archives[http://permanent.access.gpo.gov/lps33230/www.nsa.gov/docs/venona/monographs/monograph-1.html], National Cryptological Museum, [http://www.nsa.gov/museum/museu00040.cfm] Custodian of documents for the Army Signals Intelligence Corp.</ref><ref>[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/venon00116.cfm?CFID=2412771&CFTOKEN=59316524&jsessionid=c830b21ad087a$5FoV$B#17]</ref>

==Family==
Krafsur was born to Jacob and Selia Krafsur on January 10, 1913 in [[Boston]], [[Massachusetts]]. His father had been married previously and was left a widower before marrying Selia. The family name was originally Krapin. His father was working as a tailor in Boston in 1930. His father was born in Poland and his mother in Russia; they were ethnic Jews who spoke Yiddish.

==Early career==
In 1934, Krafsur joined the [[Communist Party of America]].<ref>The Venona Secrets: Exposing America's Cold War Traitors, Herbert Romerstein, Eric Breindel, page 430</ref> He attended Northeastern University for a year.<ref>''Venona: Decoding Espionage in America'', John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr, Yale University Press, (1999), pgs. 242–244, 248.</ref> Before going to [[Spain]] to fight with the [[Abraham Lincoln Brigade]] during the [[Spanish Civil War]],<ref>[http://64.233.169.104/search?q=cache:RQEKkR4YxdoJ:www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/spanjews.pdf+Krafsur+Boston+%2268+Phillips%22&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=3&gl=us Jews Who Served in the Spanish Civil War, by Martin Sugarman]</ref>he lived at 68 Phillips Street in Boston. Krafsur was wounded in Spain in May of 1937 and returned to the States in July. That same year he married Dixie Elizabeth Scoville in [[Vermont]].<ref>[http://genealinks.com/cgi-bin/marriages.cgi/?Dix GeneaLinks, Online Marriage Records for Your Genealogy]</ref>

In 1938 Krafsur was a member of the editorial staff of ''The Volunteers for Liberty'' a newspaper which was an, "organ of the Veterans of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade" organization out of 125 West 45 Street in New York City.<ref>The Volunteer For Liberty, Vol. 1, No. 3, April, 1938</ref> In April of 1938 he was in charge of finding veterans to tell their war sotries to be made into radio plays written by [[Irwin Shaw]].<ref>The Volunteer For Liberty, Vol. 1, No. 3, April, 1938</ref> Around this time he worked as an assisitant to his brother-in-law novelist Elliot Paul.<ref>[http://dlib.nyu.edu/findingaids/html/tamwag/alba_267/bioghist.html Tamiment Library ]</ref>

He began working for TASS in New York in 1941<ref> Scope of Soviet Activity in the United States: Hearing Before the Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws of the Committee of the Judiciary, United States Senate, 84th Congress Second Session [85th Congress First Session] Transcript, April 17, 1956</ref> after being recruited by the Soviet agent [[Vladimir Pravdin]]. Krafsur spent he Summer of 1941 working in New York and was sent down to Washington, D.C. in October of that year. After the attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, he was located in Washington perminently.<ref>Scope of Soviet Activity in the United States: Hearing Before the Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws of the Committee of the Judiciary, United States Senate, 84th Congress Second Session [85th Congress First Session] Transcript, April 17, 1956</ref>

Krafsur was considered an important asset to the KGB because of the many contacts he had with other newsmen. He was the deputy TASS bureau chief in [[Washington, D.C.]] and the [[FBI]] spent a lot of time and effort trying to identify who he was under his codename IDE.<ref>''Venona: Decoding Espionage in America'', John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr, Yale University Press, (1999), pgs. 242–244, 248.</ref>

In May 1944, he was described in a KGB cable from New York to Moscow as, "absolutely devoted to the [[USSR]]." He provided at least twenty leads of people for possible recruitment including [[Josef Berger|Joseph Berger]], a personal aide to the chairman of the [[Democratic National Committee]], and [[I. F. Stone]].<ref>''Venona: Decoding Espionage in America'', John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr, Yale University Press, (1999), pgs. 242–244, 248.</ref>

On August 17, 1944, Krafsur attended an off-the-record press conference in which Secretary of State [[Cordell Hull]] made an off-the-record remark concerning the Soviet Union. Krafsur reported the comment to the NKVD.<ref>The Venona Secrets: Exposing America's Cold War Traitors, Herbert Romerstein, Eric Breindel, page 430</ref>

Although Krafsur is suppose to have left TASS in October 1949,<ref> Scope of Soviet Activity in the United States: Hearing Before the Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws of the Committee of the Judiciary, United States Senate, 84th Congress Second Session [5th Congress First Session] Transcript, April 17, 1956</ref> he was mentioned in a newspaper article of November 26, 1949 as S.S. Krafsur as having press credentials along with five others out of the Washington office.<ref>The Evening Standard, "Monty Has Private Bodyguard for His Beret," George Dixon, page 10.</ref>

== Later life ==
In the 1950’s Krafsur lived at 6423 Dahlonega Road, Washington 16, D. C. and worked in Rockville at the Rockville Toy Craft.<ref>''Venona: Decoding Espionage in America'', John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr, Yale University Press, (1999), pgs. 242–244, 248.</ref> On February 24, 1956 Krafsur testified before a Senate sub-committee.<ref>Scope of Soviet Activity in the United States: Hearing Before the Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws of the Committee of the Judiciary, United States Senate, 84th Congress Second Session [85th Congress First Session] Transcript, April 17, 1956</ref>

According to his son, Elliot Scoville Krafsur, "S. S. Krafsur was 'uncooperative' with the [[House Committee on Un-American Activities|House Un-American Activities Committee]] in 1956 because they only wanted him to name publicly people he might have thought were communists or communist supporters."<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Samuel_Krafsur Elliot Scoville Krafsur, August 31, 2005</ref> Krafsur resigned from his toy job on the Saturday before his testimony on April 17, 1956, when he was invited to testify under oath for Subcommittee To Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws. Krafsur took the Fifth when asked if he had ever used another name or belonged to the Communist Party. He did state that after December 1940 and while working for TASS he was not a member of the Communist Party. Apart from the questions relating to his being a Communist he answered all the questions put to him and was far from being uncooperative, at least at this meeting, as his son suggested. He was asked no questions as to who he believed was or was not a party member.<ref>Scope of Soviet Activity in the United States: Hearing Before the Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws of the Committee of the Judiciary, United States Senate, 84th Congress Second Session [85th Congress First Session] Transcript, April 17, 1956</ref>

From 1959 to 1978 he worked for Reuter news agency as the office manager in Washington, D.C. and then as a correspondent covering commodity and financial news from 1968 on. He lived in St. Petersburg, Florida and died, at the age of seventy, in Memphis, Tennesee in June 1983.<ref>U. S. Social Security Death Index</ref>

==Venona==
Samuel Krafsur is referenced in the following [[Venona project]] decryptions:

*KGB Agent Samuel Krafsur reports on potential recruits.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/17_May_1944_R3_m5_p1.gif 705 KGB New York to Moscow, 17 May 1944]

*KGB reports on two journalists.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/21_May_1944_R3_p1.gif 734 KGB New York to Moscow, 21 May 1944]

*Identity of "IDE" and recommendation of his friend [[Joseph Berger]].
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/23_May_1944_R6_m1_p1.gif 738 KGB New York to Moscow, 23 May 1944]

*KGB Agent Samuel Krafsur's wife.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/01_Jun_1944_R3_m3_p1.gif 789 KGB New York to Moscow, 1 June 1944]

* US Diplomatic Policy.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/15_Jun_1944_R3_m1_p1.gif 847B, 848 KGB New York to Moscow, 15 June 1944, p.1]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/15_Jun_1944_R3_m1_p2.gif 847B, 848 KGB New York to Moscow, 15 June 1944, p.2]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/15_Jun_1944_R3_m1_p3.gif 847B, 848 KGB New York to Moscow, 15 June 1944, p.3]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/15_Jun_1944_R3_m1_p4.gif 847B, 848 KGB New York to Moscow, 15 June 1944, p.4]

*KGB agent Sammuel Krafsur receives information.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/15_Jul_1944_R3_m1_p1.gif 998 KGB New York to Moscow, 15 July 1944, p.1]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/15_Jul_1944_R3_m1_p2.gif 998 KGB New York to Moscow, 15 July 1944, p.2]

* Report of Secretary of State [[Cordell Hull]]'s informal views.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/17_Aug_1944_R3_m3_p1.gif 1178 KGB New York to Moscow, 17 August 1944, p.1]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/17_Aug_1944_R3_m3_p2.gif 1178 KGB New York to Moscow, 17 August 1944, p.2]

*Baltimore Sun correspondent corroborates [[Walter Lippman]]'s views of [[Churchill]]'s relations with [[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Roosevelt]].
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/09_Sep_1944_R3_m2_p1.gif 1291 KGB New York to Moscow, 9 September 1944, p.1]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/09_Sep_1944_R3_m2_p2.gif 1291 KGB New York to Moscow, 9 September 1944, p.2]

*Interest in recruiting [[I. F. Stone]] and in deal in Chile.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/13_Sep_1944_R3_m4_p1.gif 1313 KGB New York to Moscow, 13 September 1944, p.1]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/13_Sep_1944_R3_m4_p2.gif 1313 KGB New York to Moscow, 13 September 1944, p.2]

*Resend of newspapers' views of correspondents on pending Roosevelt and Churchill meeting.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/14_Sep_1944_R3_m1_p1.gif 1312 KGB New York to Moscow, 14 September 1944, p.1]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/14_Sep_1944_R3_m1_p2.gif 1312 KGB New York to Moscow, 14 September 1944, p.2]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/14_Sep_1944_R3_m1_p3.gif 1312 KGB New York to Moscow, 14 September 1944, p.3]

*Operational report by [[Pravdin]]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/10_Oct_1944_R3_m3_p1.gif 1433, 1435 New York to Moscow, 10 October 1944, p.1]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/10_Oct_1944_R3_m3_p2.gif 1433, 1435 New York to Moscow, 10 October 1944, p.2]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/10_Oct_1944_R3_m3_p3.gif 1433, 1435 New York to Moscow, 10 October 1944, p.3]

*I. F. Stone' reluctance to help KGB as he fears [[FBI]].
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/23_Oct_1944_R3_m1_p1.gif 1506 KGB New York to Moscow, 23 October 1944, p.1]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/23_Oct_1944_R3_m1_p2.gif 1506 KGB New York to Moscow, 23 October 1944, p.2]

* Ambassador [[William Averell Harriman]]'s comments to US Press Corps on aid to USSR.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/28_Oct_1944_R3_m1_p1.gif 1535, 1537, 1538 KGB New York to Moscow, 28 October 1944]

*Joseph Berger is assessed by KGB agent Samuel Krafsur.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/25_May_1945_R3_m2_p1.gif 777–779 KGB New York to Moscow, 25 May 1945, p.1]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/25_May_1945_R3_m2_p2.gif 777–779 KGB New York to Moscow, 25 May 1945, p.2]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/25_May_1945_R3_m2_p3.gif 777–779 KGB New York to Moscow, 25 May 1945, p.3]

==References==
<div class="references-small" style="-moz-column-count:2; column-count:2;">
<references/>
</div>

== Sources ==
* ''Venona: Decoding Espionage in America'', John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr, Yale University Press, (1999), pgs. 242–244, 248. ISBN 0-300-07150-7
* ''Mortal Crimes - The Greatest Theft in History: Soviet Penetration of the Manhattan Project'', Nigel West, Enigma Books, (2004).

== External links ==
* [http://www.theworldintelligencereview.com/books&culture/archives/2005/03/spying_on_ameri.html Spying on America]
* [http://www.alba-valb.org/volunteers/samuel-conway-krafsur/?searchterm=Krafsur ALBA Abraham Lincoln Brigade Archives]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Krafsur, Samuel}}
[[Category:KGB Agents and Sources]]
[[Category:propagandists]]
[[Category:Jewish People]]
[[Category:European Jews]]
[[Category:American Jews]]
[[Category:Socialists]]

Samuel Krafsur

2015-04-27T20:43:20Z

Dwain: /* Later life */

<div style="float: right; border: 1px solid #8888aa; background: #f7f8ff; padding: 5px; font-size: 85%; margin: 0 15px 0 15px; text-align: center;">
<div style="background: #ccf; font-weight: bold; padding: 1px 3px 1px 3px;">This article is part of the<br/>[[Venona project|Venona]]<br/>series.</div>
[[CPUSA#Secret_apparatus|Secret apparatus]]<br/>
[[Abraham Lincoln Brigade]]<br/>
[[TASS]]
</div>

'''Samuel Simon Krafsur''' (January 10, 1913<ref>U. S. Social Security Death Index</ref> – June 1983) was a Boston-born journalist who worked for the [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] news agency [[TASS (USSR)|TASS]] during [[World War II]]. He was also known as '''Bill Krafsur'''.<ref>[http://64.233.169.104/search?q=cache:zvSmw-tjBF8J:www.alba-valb.org/volpdf/vol_1938_04.pdf+%22Bill+Krafsur%22&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=3&gl=us The Volunteer For Liberty, Vol. 1, No. 3, April, 1938]</ref>

Krafsur was mentioned in the [[Venona]] intercepts under the codename IDE. He was used by the [[KGB]] during the war as a source of information and for recruiting journalists as informants and agents, and is referred to in the [[NSA]] archives as a "KGB agent".<ref>National Security Agency Archives[http://permanent.access.gpo.gov/lps33230/www.nsa.gov/docs/venona/monographs/monograph-1.html], National Cryptological Museum, [http://www.nsa.gov/museum/museu00040.cfm] Custodian of documents for the Army Signals Intelligence Corp.</ref><ref>[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/venon00116.cfm?CFID=2412771&CFTOKEN=59316524&jsessionid=c830b21ad087a$5FoV$B#17]</ref>

==Family==
Krafsur was born to Jacob and Selia Krafsur on January 10, 1913 in [[Boston]], [[Massachusetts]]. His father had been married previously and was left a widower before marrying Selia. The family name was originally Krapin. His father was working as a tailor in Boston in 1930. His father was born in Poland and his mother in Russia; they were ethnic Jews who spoke Yiddish.

==Early career==
In 1934, Krafsur joined the [[Communist Party of America]].<ref>The Venona Secrets: Exposing America's Cold War Traitors, Herbert Romerstein, Eric Breindel, page 430</ref> He attended Northeastern University for a year.<ref>''Venona: Decoding Espionage in America'', John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr, Yale University Press, (1999), pgs. 242–244, 248.</ref> Before going to [[Spain]] to fight with the [[Abraham Lincoln Brigade]] during the [[Spanish Civil War]],<ref>[http://64.233.169.104/search?q=cache:RQEKkR4YxdoJ:www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/spanjews.pdf+Krafsur+Boston+%2268+Phillips%22&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=3&gl=us Jews Who Served in the Spanish Civil War, by Martin Sugarman]</ref>he lived at 68 Phillips Street in Boston. Krafsur was wounded in Spain in May of 1937 and returned to the States in July. That same year he married Dixie Elizabeth Scoville in [[Vermont]].<ref>[http://genealinks.com/cgi-bin/marriages.cgi/?Dix GeneaLinks, Online Marriage Records for Your Genealogy]</ref>

In 1938 Krafsur was a member of the editorial staff of ''The Volunteers for Liberty'' a newspaper which was an, "organ of the Veterans of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade" organization out of 125 West 45 Street in New York City.<ref>The Volunteer For Liberty, Vol. 1, No. 3, April, 1938</ref> In April of 1938 he was in charge of finding veterans to tell their war sotries to be made into radio plays written by [[Irwin Shaw]].<ref>The Volunteer For Liberty, Vol. 1, No. 3, April, 1938</ref> Around this time he worked as an assisitant to his brother-in-law novelist Elliot Paul.<ref>[http://dlib.nyu.edu/findingaids/html/tamwag/alba_267/bioghist.html Tamiment Library ]</ref>

He began working for TASS in New York in 1941<ref> Scope of Soviet Activity in the United States: Hearing Before the Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws of the Committee of the Judiciary, United States Senate, 84th Congress Second Session [85th Congress First Session] Transcript, April 17, 1956</ref> after being recruited by the Soviet agent [[Vladimir Pravdin]]. Krafsur spent he Summer of 1941 working in New York and was sent down to Washington, D.C. in October of that year. After the attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, he was located in Washington perminently.<ref>Scope of Soviet Activity in the United States: Hearing Before the Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws of the Committee of the Judiciary, United States Senate, 84th Congress Second Session [85th Congress First Session] Transcript, April 17, 1956</ref>

Krafsur was considered an important asset to the KGB because of the many contacts he had with other newsmen. He was the deputy TASS bureau chief in [[Washington, D.C.]] and the [[FBI]] spent a lot of time and effort trying to identify who he was under his codename IDE.<ref>''Venona: Decoding Espionage in America'', John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr, Yale University Press, (1999), pgs. 242–244, 248.</ref>

In May 1944, he was described in a KGB cable from New York to Moscow as, "absolutely devoted to the [[USSR]]." He provided at least twenty leads of people for possible recruitment including [[Josef Berger|Joseph Berger]], a personal aide to the chairman of the [[Democratic National Committee]], and [[I. F. Stone]].<ref>''Venona: Decoding Espionage in America'', John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr, Yale University Press, (1999), pgs. 242–244, 248.</ref>

On August 17, 1944, Krafsur attended an off-the-record press conference in which Secretary of State [[Cordell Hull]] made an off-the-record remark concerning the Soviet Union. Krafsur reported the comment to the NKVD.<ref>The Venona Secrets: Exposing America's Cold War Traitors, Herbert Romerstein, Eric Breindel, page 430</ref>

Although Krafsur is suppose to have left TASS in October 1949,<ref> Scope of Soviet Activity in the United States: Hearing Before the Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws of the Committee of the Judiciary, United States Senate, 84th Congress Second Session [5th Congress First Session] Transcript, April 17, 1956</ref> he was mentioned in a newspaper article of November 26, 1949 as S.S. Krafsur as having press credentials along with five others out of the Washington office.<ref>The Evening Standard, "Monty Has Private Bodyguard for His Beret," George Dixon, page 10.</ref>

== Later life ==
In the 1950’s Krafsur lived at 6423 Dahlonega Road, Washington 16, D. C. and worked in Rockville at the Rockville Toy Craft.<ref>''Venona: Decoding Espionage in America'', John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr, Yale University Press, (1999), pgs. 242–244, 248.</ref> On February 24, 1956 Krafsur testified before a Senate sub-committee.<ref>Scope of Soviet Activity in the United States: Hearing Before the Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws of the Committee of the Judiciary, United States Senate, 84th Congress Second Session [85th Congress First Session] Transcript, April 17, 1956</ref>

According to his son, Elliot Scoville Krafsur, "S. S. Krafsur was 'uncooperative' with the [[House Committee on Un-American Activities|House Un-American Activities Committee]] in 1956 because they only wanted him to name publicly people he might have thought were communists or communist supporters."<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Samuel_Krafsur Elliot Scoville Krafsur, August 31, 2005</ref> Krafsur resigned from his toy job on the Saturday before his testimony on April 17, 1956, when he was invited to testify under oath for Subcommittee To Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws. Krafsur took the Fifth when asked if he had ever used another name or belonged to the Communist Party. He did state that after December 1940 and while working for TASS he was not a member of the Communist Party. Apart from the questions relating to his being a Communist he answered all the questions put to him and was far from being uncooperative, at least at this meeting, as his son suggested. He was asked no questions as to who he believed was or was not a party member.<ref>Scope of Soviet Activity in the United States: Hearing Before the Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws of the Committee of the Judiciary, United States Senate, 84th Congress Second Session [85th Congress First Session] Transcript, April 17, 1956</ref>

He lived in St. Petersburg, Florida and died, at the age of seventy, in Memphis, Tennesee in June 1983.<ref>U. S. Social Security Death Index</ref>

==Venona==
Samuel Krafsur is referenced in the following [[Venona project]] decryptions:

*KGB Agent Samuel Krafsur reports on potential recruits.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/17_May_1944_R3_m5_p1.gif 705 KGB New York to Moscow, 17 May 1944]

*KGB reports on two journalists.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/21_May_1944_R3_p1.gif 734 KGB New York to Moscow, 21 May 1944]

*Identity of "IDE" and recommendation of his friend [[Joseph Berger]].
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/23_May_1944_R6_m1_p1.gif 738 KGB New York to Moscow, 23 May 1944]

*KGB Agent Samuel Krafsur's wife.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/01_Jun_1944_R3_m3_p1.gif 789 KGB New York to Moscow, 1 June 1944]

* US Diplomatic Policy.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/15_Jun_1944_R3_m1_p1.gif 847B, 848 KGB New York to Moscow, 15 June 1944, p.1]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/15_Jun_1944_R3_m1_p2.gif 847B, 848 KGB New York to Moscow, 15 June 1944, p.2]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/15_Jun_1944_R3_m1_p3.gif 847B, 848 KGB New York to Moscow, 15 June 1944, p.3]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/15_Jun_1944_R3_m1_p4.gif 847B, 848 KGB New York to Moscow, 15 June 1944, p.4]

*KGB agent Sammuel Krafsur receives information.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/15_Jul_1944_R3_m1_p1.gif 998 KGB New York to Moscow, 15 July 1944, p.1]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/15_Jul_1944_R3_m1_p2.gif 998 KGB New York to Moscow, 15 July 1944, p.2]

* Report of Secretary of State [[Cordell Hull]]'s informal views.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/17_Aug_1944_R3_m3_p1.gif 1178 KGB New York to Moscow, 17 August 1944, p.1]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/17_Aug_1944_R3_m3_p2.gif 1178 KGB New York to Moscow, 17 August 1944, p.2]

*Baltimore Sun correspondent corroborates [[Walter Lippman]]'s views of [[Churchill]]'s relations with [[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Roosevelt]].
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/09_Sep_1944_R3_m2_p1.gif 1291 KGB New York to Moscow, 9 September 1944, p.1]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/09_Sep_1944_R3_m2_p2.gif 1291 KGB New York to Moscow, 9 September 1944, p.2]

*Interest in recruiting [[I. F. Stone]] and in deal in Chile.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/13_Sep_1944_R3_m4_p1.gif 1313 KGB New York to Moscow, 13 September 1944, p.1]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/13_Sep_1944_R3_m4_p2.gif 1313 KGB New York to Moscow, 13 September 1944, p.2]

*Resend of newspapers' views of correspondents on pending Roosevelt and Churchill meeting.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/14_Sep_1944_R3_m1_p1.gif 1312 KGB New York to Moscow, 14 September 1944, p.1]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/14_Sep_1944_R3_m1_p2.gif 1312 KGB New York to Moscow, 14 September 1944, p.2]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/14_Sep_1944_R3_m1_p3.gif 1312 KGB New York to Moscow, 14 September 1944, p.3]

*Operational report by [[Pravdin]]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/10_Oct_1944_R3_m3_p1.gif 1433, 1435 New York to Moscow, 10 October 1944, p.1]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/10_Oct_1944_R3_m3_p2.gif 1433, 1435 New York to Moscow, 10 October 1944, p.2]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/10_Oct_1944_R3_m3_p3.gif 1433, 1435 New York to Moscow, 10 October 1944, p.3]

*I. F. Stone' reluctance to help KGB as he fears [[FBI]].
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/23_Oct_1944_R3_m1_p1.gif 1506 KGB New York to Moscow, 23 October 1944, p.1]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/23_Oct_1944_R3_m1_p2.gif 1506 KGB New York to Moscow, 23 October 1944, p.2]

* Ambassador [[William Averell Harriman]]'s comments to US Press Corps on aid to USSR.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/28_Oct_1944_R3_m1_p1.gif 1535, 1537, 1538 KGB New York to Moscow, 28 October 1944]

*Joseph Berger is assessed by KGB agent Samuel Krafsur.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/25_May_1945_R3_m2_p1.gif 777–779 KGB New York to Moscow, 25 May 1945, p.1]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/25_May_1945_R3_m2_p2.gif 777–779 KGB New York to Moscow, 25 May 1945, p.2]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/25_May_1945_R3_m2_p3.gif 777–779 KGB New York to Moscow, 25 May 1945, p.3]

==References==
<div class="references-small" style="-moz-column-count:2; column-count:2;">
<references/>
</div>

== Sources ==
* ''Venona: Decoding Espionage in America'', John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr, Yale University Press, (1999), pgs. 242–244, 248. ISBN 0-300-07150-7
* ''Mortal Crimes - The Greatest Theft in History: Soviet Penetration of the Manhattan Project'', Nigel West, Enigma Books, (2004).

== External links ==
* [http://www.theworldintelligencereview.com/books&culture/archives/2005/03/spying_on_ameri.html Spying on America]
* [http://www.alba-valb.org/volunteers/samuel-conway-krafsur/?searchterm=Krafsur ALBA Abraham Lincoln Brigade Archives]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Krafsur, Samuel}}
[[Category:KGB Agents and Sources]]
[[Category:propagandists]]
[[Category:Jewish People]]
[[Category:European Jews]]
[[Category:American Jews]]
[[Category:Socialists]]

Samuel Krafsur

2015-04-27T20:34:06Z

Dwain: /* Early career */

<div style="float: right; border: 1px solid #8888aa; background: #f7f8ff; padding: 5px; font-size: 85%; margin: 0 15px 0 15px; text-align: center;">
<div style="background: #ccf; font-weight: bold; padding: 1px 3px 1px 3px;">This article is part of the<br/>[[Venona project|Venona]]<br/>series.</div>
[[CPUSA#Secret_apparatus|Secret apparatus]]<br/>
[[Abraham Lincoln Brigade]]<br/>
[[TASS]]
</div>

'''Samuel Simon Krafsur''' (January 10, 1913<ref>U. S. Social Security Death Index</ref> – June 1983) was a Boston-born journalist who worked for the [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] news agency [[TASS (USSR)|TASS]] during [[World War II]]. He was also known as '''Bill Krafsur'''.<ref>[http://64.233.169.104/search?q=cache:zvSmw-tjBF8J:www.alba-valb.org/volpdf/vol_1938_04.pdf+%22Bill+Krafsur%22&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=3&gl=us The Volunteer For Liberty, Vol. 1, No. 3, April, 1938]</ref>

Krafsur was mentioned in the [[Venona]] intercepts under the codename IDE. He was used by the [[KGB]] during the war as a source of information and for recruiting journalists as informants and agents, and is referred to in the [[NSA]] archives as a "KGB agent".<ref>National Security Agency Archives[http://permanent.access.gpo.gov/lps33230/www.nsa.gov/docs/venona/monographs/monograph-1.html], National Cryptological Museum, [http://www.nsa.gov/museum/museu00040.cfm] Custodian of documents for the Army Signals Intelligence Corp.</ref><ref>[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/venon00116.cfm?CFID=2412771&CFTOKEN=59316524&jsessionid=c830b21ad087a$5FoV$B#17]</ref>

==Family==
Krafsur was born to Jacob and Selia Krafsur on January 10, 1913 in [[Boston]], [[Massachusetts]]. His father had been married previously and was left a widower before marrying Selia. The family name was originally Krapin. His father was working as a tailor in Boston in 1930. His father was born in Poland and his mother in Russia; they were ethnic Jews who spoke Yiddish.

==Early career==
In 1934, Krafsur joined the [[Communist Party of America]].<ref>The Venona Secrets: Exposing America's Cold War Traitors, Herbert Romerstein, Eric Breindel, page 430</ref> He attended Northeastern University for a year.<ref>''Venona: Decoding Espionage in America'', John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr, Yale University Press, (1999), pgs. 242–244, 248.</ref> Before going to [[Spain]] to fight with the [[Abraham Lincoln Brigade]] during the [[Spanish Civil War]],<ref>[http://64.233.169.104/search?q=cache:RQEKkR4YxdoJ:www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/spanjews.pdf+Krafsur+Boston+%2268+Phillips%22&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=3&gl=us Jews Who Served in the Spanish Civil War, by Martin Sugarman]</ref>he lived at 68 Phillips Street in Boston. Krafsur was wounded in Spain in May of 1937 and returned to the States in July. That same year he married Dixie Elizabeth Scoville in [[Vermont]].<ref>[http://genealinks.com/cgi-bin/marriages.cgi/?Dix GeneaLinks, Online Marriage Records for Your Genealogy]</ref>

In 1938 Krafsur was a member of the editorial staff of ''The Volunteers for Liberty'' a newspaper which was an, "organ of the Veterans of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade" organization out of 125 West 45 Street in New York City.<ref>The Volunteer For Liberty, Vol. 1, No. 3, April, 1938</ref> In April of 1938 he was in charge of finding veterans to tell their war sotries to be made into radio plays written by [[Irwin Shaw]].<ref>The Volunteer For Liberty, Vol. 1, No. 3, April, 1938</ref> Around this time he worked as an assisitant to his brother-in-law novelist Elliot Paul.<ref>[http://dlib.nyu.edu/findingaids/html/tamwag/alba_267/bioghist.html Tamiment Library ]</ref>

He began working for TASS in New York in 1941<ref> Scope of Soviet Activity in the United States: Hearing Before the Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws of the Committee of the Judiciary, United States Senate, 84th Congress Second Session [85th Congress First Session] Transcript, April 17, 1956</ref> after being recruited by the Soviet agent [[Vladimir Pravdin]]. Krafsur spent he Summer of 1941 working in New York and was sent down to Washington, D.C. in October of that year. After the attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, he was located in Washington perminently.<ref>Scope of Soviet Activity in the United States: Hearing Before the Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws of the Committee of the Judiciary, United States Senate, 84th Congress Second Session [85th Congress First Session] Transcript, April 17, 1956</ref>

Krafsur was considered an important asset to the KGB because of the many contacts he had with other newsmen. He was the deputy TASS bureau chief in [[Washington, D.C.]] and the [[FBI]] spent a lot of time and effort trying to identify who he was under his codename IDE.<ref>''Venona: Decoding Espionage in America'', John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr, Yale University Press, (1999), pgs. 242–244, 248.</ref>

In May 1944, he was described in a KGB cable from New York to Moscow as, "absolutely devoted to the [[USSR]]." He provided at least twenty leads of people for possible recruitment including [[Josef Berger|Joseph Berger]], a personal aide to the chairman of the [[Democratic National Committee]], and [[I. F. Stone]].<ref>''Venona: Decoding Espionage in America'', John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr, Yale University Press, (1999), pgs. 242–244, 248.</ref>

On August 17, 1944, Krafsur attended an off-the-record press conference in which Secretary of State [[Cordell Hull]] made an off-the-record remark concerning the Soviet Union. Krafsur reported the comment to the NKVD.<ref>The Venona Secrets: Exposing America's Cold War Traitors, Herbert Romerstein, Eric Breindel, page 430</ref>

Although Krafsur is suppose to have left TASS in October 1949,<ref> Scope of Soviet Activity in the United States: Hearing Before the Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws of the Committee of the Judiciary, United States Senate, 84th Congress Second Session [5th Congress First Session] Transcript, April 17, 1956</ref> he was mentioned in a newspaper article of November 26, 1949 as S.S. Krafsur as having press credentials along with five others out of the Washington office.<ref>The Evening Standard, "Monty Has Private Bodyguard for His Beret," George Dixon, page 10.</ref>

== Later life ==
In the 1950’s Krafsur lived at 6423 Dahlonega Road, Washington 16, D. C. and worked in Rockville at the Rockville Toy Craft.<ref>''Venona: Decoding Espionage in America'', John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr, Yale University Press, (1999), pgs. 242–244, 248.</ref> On February 24, 1956 Krafsur testified before a Senate sub-committee.<ref>Scope of Soviet Activity in the United States: Hearing Before the Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws of the Committee of the Judiciary, United States Senate, 84th Congress Second Session [85th Congress First Session] Transcript, April 17, 1956</ref>

According to his son, Elliot Scoville Krafsur, "S. S. Krafsur was 'uncooperative' with the [[House Committee on Un-American Activities|House Un-American Activities Committee]] in 1956 because they only wanted him to name publicly people he might have thought were communists or communist supporters."<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Samuel_Krafsur Elliot Scoville Krafsur, August 31, 2005</ref> Krafsur resigned from his toy job on the Saturday before his testimony on April 17, 1956, when he was invited to testify under oath for Subcommittee To Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws. Krafsur took the Fifth when asked if he had ever used another name or belonged to the Communist Party. He did state that after December 1940 and while working for TASS he was not a member of the Communist Party. Apart from the questions relating to his being a Communist he answered all the questions put to him and was far from being uncooperative, at least at this meeting, as his son suggested. He was asked no questions as to who he believed was or was not a party member.<ref>Scope of Soviet Activity in the United States: Hearing Before the Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws of the Committee of the Judiciary, United States Senate, 84th Congress Second Session [85th Congress First Session] Transcript, April 17, 1956</ref>

In the early 1960's he married the ex-wife of the secretary-treasurer of the Mine, Mill, and Smelters Union. He died, at the age of seventy, in St. Petersburg, Florida in 1983.<ref>U. S. Social Security Death Index</ref>

==Venona==
Samuel Krafsur is referenced in the following [[Venona project]] decryptions:

*KGB Agent Samuel Krafsur reports on potential recruits.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/17_May_1944_R3_m5_p1.gif 705 KGB New York to Moscow, 17 May 1944]

*KGB reports on two journalists.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/21_May_1944_R3_p1.gif 734 KGB New York to Moscow, 21 May 1944]

*Identity of "IDE" and recommendation of his friend [[Joseph Berger]].
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/23_May_1944_R6_m1_p1.gif 738 KGB New York to Moscow, 23 May 1944]

*KGB Agent Samuel Krafsur's wife.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/01_Jun_1944_R3_m3_p1.gif 789 KGB New York to Moscow, 1 June 1944]

* US Diplomatic Policy.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/15_Jun_1944_R3_m1_p1.gif 847B, 848 KGB New York to Moscow, 15 June 1944, p.1]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/15_Jun_1944_R3_m1_p2.gif 847B, 848 KGB New York to Moscow, 15 June 1944, p.2]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/15_Jun_1944_R3_m1_p3.gif 847B, 848 KGB New York to Moscow, 15 June 1944, p.3]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/15_Jun_1944_R3_m1_p4.gif 847B, 848 KGB New York to Moscow, 15 June 1944, p.4]

*KGB agent Sammuel Krafsur receives information.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/15_Jul_1944_R3_m1_p1.gif 998 KGB New York to Moscow, 15 July 1944, p.1]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/15_Jul_1944_R3_m1_p2.gif 998 KGB New York to Moscow, 15 July 1944, p.2]

* Report of Secretary of State [[Cordell Hull]]'s informal views.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/17_Aug_1944_R3_m3_p1.gif 1178 KGB New York to Moscow, 17 August 1944, p.1]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/17_Aug_1944_R3_m3_p2.gif 1178 KGB New York to Moscow, 17 August 1944, p.2]

*Baltimore Sun correspondent corroborates [[Walter Lippman]]'s views of [[Churchill]]'s relations with [[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Roosevelt]].
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/09_Sep_1944_R3_m2_p1.gif 1291 KGB New York to Moscow, 9 September 1944, p.1]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/09_Sep_1944_R3_m2_p2.gif 1291 KGB New York to Moscow, 9 September 1944, p.2]

*Interest in recruiting [[I. F. Stone]] and in deal in Chile.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/13_Sep_1944_R3_m4_p1.gif 1313 KGB New York to Moscow, 13 September 1944, p.1]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/13_Sep_1944_R3_m4_p2.gif 1313 KGB New York to Moscow, 13 September 1944, p.2]

*Resend of newspapers' views of correspondents on pending Roosevelt and Churchill meeting.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/14_Sep_1944_R3_m1_p1.gif 1312 KGB New York to Moscow, 14 September 1944, p.1]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/14_Sep_1944_R3_m1_p2.gif 1312 KGB New York to Moscow, 14 September 1944, p.2]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/14_Sep_1944_R3_m1_p3.gif 1312 KGB New York to Moscow, 14 September 1944, p.3]

*Operational report by [[Pravdin]]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/10_Oct_1944_R3_m3_p1.gif 1433, 1435 New York to Moscow, 10 October 1944, p.1]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/10_Oct_1944_R3_m3_p2.gif 1433, 1435 New York to Moscow, 10 October 1944, p.2]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/10_Oct_1944_R3_m3_p3.gif 1433, 1435 New York to Moscow, 10 October 1944, p.3]

*I. F. Stone' reluctance to help KGB as he fears [[FBI]].
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/23_Oct_1944_R3_m1_p1.gif 1506 KGB New York to Moscow, 23 October 1944, p.1]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/23_Oct_1944_R3_m1_p2.gif 1506 KGB New York to Moscow, 23 October 1944, p.2]

* Ambassador [[William Averell Harriman]]'s comments to US Press Corps on aid to USSR.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/28_Oct_1944_R3_m1_p1.gif 1535, 1537, 1538 KGB New York to Moscow, 28 October 1944]

*Joseph Berger is assessed by KGB agent Samuel Krafsur.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/25_May_1945_R3_m2_p1.gif 777–779 KGB New York to Moscow, 25 May 1945, p.1]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/25_May_1945_R3_m2_p2.gif 777–779 KGB New York to Moscow, 25 May 1945, p.2]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/25_May_1945_R3_m2_p3.gif 777–779 KGB New York to Moscow, 25 May 1945, p.3]

==References==
<div class="references-small" style="-moz-column-count:2; column-count:2;">
<references/>
</div>

== Sources ==
* ''Venona: Decoding Espionage in America'', John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr, Yale University Press, (1999), pgs. 242–244, 248. ISBN 0-300-07150-7
* ''Mortal Crimes - The Greatest Theft in History: Soviet Penetration of the Manhattan Project'', Nigel West, Enigma Books, (2004).

== External links ==
* [http://www.theworldintelligencereview.com/books&culture/archives/2005/03/spying_on_ameri.html Spying on America]
* [http://www.alba-valb.org/volunteers/samuel-conway-krafsur/?searchterm=Krafsur ALBA Abraham Lincoln Brigade Archives]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Krafsur, Samuel}}
[[Category:KGB Agents and Sources]]
[[Category:propagandists]]
[[Category:Jewish People]]
[[Category:European Jews]]
[[Category:American Jews]]
[[Category:Socialists]]

Samuel Krafsur

2015-04-27T20:32:52Z

Dwain: /* Early career */

<div style="float: right; border: 1px solid #8888aa; background: #f7f8ff; padding: 5px; font-size: 85%; margin: 0 15px 0 15px; text-align: center;">
<div style="background: #ccf; font-weight: bold; padding: 1px 3px 1px 3px;">This article is part of the<br/>[[Venona project|Venona]]<br/>series.</div>
[[CPUSA#Secret_apparatus|Secret apparatus]]<br/>
[[Abraham Lincoln Brigade]]<br/>
[[TASS]]
</div>

'''Samuel Simon Krafsur''' (January 10, 1913<ref>U. S. Social Security Death Index</ref> – June 1983) was a Boston-born journalist who worked for the [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] news agency [[TASS (USSR)|TASS]] during [[World War II]]. He was also known as '''Bill Krafsur'''.<ref>[http://64.233.169.104/search?q=cache:zvSmw-tjBF8J:www.alba-valb.org/volpdf/vol_1938_04.pdf+%22Bill+Krafsur%22&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=3&gl=us The Volunteer For Liberty, Vol. 1, No. 3, April, 1938]</ref>

Krafsur was mentioned in the [[Venona]] intercepts under the codename IDE. He was used by the [[KGB]] during the war as a source of information and for recruiting journalists as informants and agents, and is referred to in the [[NSA]] archives as a "KGB agent".<ref>National Security Agency Archives[http://permanent.access.gpo.gov/lps33230/www.nsa.gov/docs/venona/monographs/monograph-1.html], National Cryptological Museum, [http://www.nsa.gov/museum/museu00040.cfm] Custodian of documents for the Army Signals Intelligence Corp.</ref><ref>[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/venon00116.cfm?CFID=2412771&CFTOKEN=59316524&jsessionid=c830b21ad087a$5FoV$B#17]</ref>

==Family==
Krafsur was born to Jacob and Selia Krafsur on January 10, 1913 in [[Boston]], [[Massachusetts]]. His father had been married previously and was left a widower before marrying Selia. The family name was originally Krapin. His father was working as a tailor in Boston in 1930. His father was born in Poland and his mother in Russia; they were ethnic Jews who spoke Yiddish.

==Early career==
In 1934, Krafsur joined the [[Communist Party of America]].<ref>The Venona Secrets: Exposing America's Cold War Traitors, Herbert Romerstein, Eric Breindel, page 430</ref> He attended Northeastern University for a year.<ref>''Venona: Decoding Espionage in America'', John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr, Yale University Press, (1999), pgs. 242–244, 248.</ref> Before going to [[Spain]] to fight with the [[Abraham Lincoln Brigade]] during the [[Spanish Civil War]],<ref>[http://64.233.169.104/search?q=cache:RQEKkR4YxdoJ:www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/spanjews.pdf+Krafsur+Boston+%2268+Phillips%22&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=3&gl=us Jews Who Served in the Spanish Civil War, by Martin Sugarman]</ref>he lived at 68 Phillips Street in Boston. Krafsur was wounded in Spain in May of 1937 and returned to the States in July. That same year he married Dixie Elizabeth Scoville in [[Vermont]].<ref>[http://genealinks.com/cgi-bin/marriages.cgi/?Dix GeneaLinks, Online Marriage Records for Your Genealogy]</ref>

In 1938 Krafsur was a member of the editorial staff of ''The Volunteers for Liberty'' a newspaper which was an, "organ of the Veterans of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade" organization out of 125 West 45 Street in New York City.<ref>The Volunteer For Liberty, Vol. 1, No. 3, April, 1938</ref> In April of 1938 he was in charge of finding veterans to tell their war sotries to be made into radio plays written by [[Irwin Shaw]].<ref>The Volunteer For Liberty, Vol. 1, No. 3, April, 1938</ref> Around this time he worked as an assisitant to his brother-in-law novelist Elliot Paul.<ref>[Tamiment Library http://dlib.nyu.edu/findingaids/html/tamwag/alba_267/bioghist.html]</ref>

He began working for TASS in New York in 1941<ref> Scope of Soviet Activity in the United States: Hearing Before the Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws of the Committee of the Judiciary, United States Senate, 84th Congress Second Session [85th Congress First Session] Transcript, April 17, 1956</ref> after being recruited by the Soviet agent [[Vladimir Pravdin]]. Krafsur spent he Summer of 1941 working in New York and was sent down to Washington, D.C. in October of that year. After the attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, he was located in Washington perminently.<ref>Scope of Soviet Activity in the United States: Hearing Before the Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws of the Committee of the Judiciary, United States Senate, 84th Congress Second Session [85th Congress First Session] Transcript, April 17, 1956</ref>

Krafsur was considered an important asset to the KGB because of the many contacts he had with other newsmen. He was the deputy TASS bureau chief in [[Washington, D.C.]] and the [[FBI]] spent a lot of time and effort trying to identify who he was under his codename IDE.<ref>''Venona: Decoding Espionage in America'', John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr, Yale University Press, (1999), pgs. 242–244, 248.</ref>

In May 1944, he was described in a KGB cable from New York to Moscow as, "absolutely devoted to the [[USSR]]." He provided at least twenty leads of people for possible recruitment including [[Josef Berger|Joseph Berger]], a personal aide to the chairman of the [[Democratic National Committee]], and [[I. F. Stone]].<ref>''Venona: Decoding Espionage in America'', John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr, Yale University Press, (1999), pgs. 242–244, 248.</ref>

On August 17, 1944, Krafsur attended an off-the-record press conference in which Secretary of State [[Cordell Hull]] made an off-the-record remark concerning the Soviet Union. Krafsur reported the comment to the NKVD.<ref>The Venona Secrets: Exposing America's Cold War Traitors, Herbert Romerstein, Eric Breindel, page 430</ref>

Although Krafsur is suppose to have left TASS in October 1949,<ref> Scope of Soviet Activity in the United States: Hearing Before the Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws of the Committee of the Judiciary, United States Senate, 84th Congress Second Session [5th Congress First Session] Transcript, April 17, 1956</ref> he was mentioned in a newspaper article of November 26, 1949 as S.S. Krafsur as having press credentials along with five others out of the Washington office.<ref>The Evening Standard, "Monty Has Private Bodyguard for His Beret," George Dixon, page 10.</ref>

== Later life ==
In the 1950’s Krafsur lived at 6423 Dahlonega Road, Washington 16, D. C. and worked in Rockville at the Rockville Toy Craft.<ref>''Venona: Decoding Espionage in America'', John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr, Yale University Press, (1999), pgs. 242–244, 248.</ref> On February 24, 1956 Krafsur testified before a Senate sub-committee.<ref>Scope of Soviet Activity in the United States: Hearing Before the Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws of the Committee of the Judiciary, United States Senate, 84th Congress Second Session [85th Congress First Session] Transcript, April 17, 1956</ref>

According to his son, Elliot Scoville Krafsur, "S. S. Krafsur was 'uncooperative' with the [[House Committee on Un-American Activities|House Un-American Activities Committee]] in 1956 because they only wanted him to name publicly people he might have thought were communists or communist supporters."<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Samuel_Krafsur Elliot Scoville Krafsur, August 31, 2005</ref> Krafsur resigned from his toy job on the Saturday before his testimony on April 17, 1956, when he was invited to testify under oath for Subcommittee To Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws. Krafsur took the Fifth when asked if he had ever used another name or belonged to the Communist Party. He did state that after December 1940 and while working for TASS he was not a member of the Communist Party. Apart from the questions relating to his being a Communist he answered all the questions put to him and was far from being uncooperative, at least at this meeting, as his son suggested. He was asked no questions as to who he believed was or was not a party member.<ref>Scope of Soviet Activity in the United States: Hearing Before the Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws of the Committee of the Judiciary, United States Senate, 84th Congress Second Session [85th Congress First Session] Transcript, April 17, 1956</ref>

In the early 1960's he married the ex-wife of the secretary-treasurer of the Mine, Mill, and Smelters Union. He died, at the age of seventy, in St. Petersburg, Florida in 1983.<ref>U. S. Social Security Death Index</ref>

==Venona==
Samuel Krafsur is referenced in the following [[Venona project]] decryptions:

*KGB Agent Samuel Krafsur reports on potential recruits.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/17_May_1944_R3_m5_p1.gif 705 KGB New York to Moscow, 17 May 1944]

*KGB reports on two journalists.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/21_May_1944_R3_p1.gif 734 KGB New York to Moscow, 21 May 1944]

*Identity of "IDE" and recommendation of his friend [[Joseph Berger]].
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/23_May_1944_R6_m1_p1.gif 738 KGB New York to Moscow, 23 May 1944]

*KGB Agent Samuel Krafsur's wife.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/01_Jun_1944_R3_m3_p1.gif 789 KGB New York to Moscow, 1 June 1944]

* US Diplomatic Policy.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/15_Jun_1944_R3_m1_p1.gif 847B, 848 KGB New York to Moscow, 15 June 1944, p.1]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/15_Jun_1944_R3_m1_p2.gif 847B, 848 KGB New York to Moscow, 15 June 1944, p.2]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/15_Jun_1944_R3_m1_p3.gif 847B, 848 KGB New York to Moscow, 15 June 1944, p.3]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/15_Jun_1944_R3_m1_p4.gif 847B, 848 KGB New York to Moscow, 15 June 1944, p.4]

*KGB agent Sammuel Krafsur receives information.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/15_Jul_1944_R3_m1_p1.gif 998 KGB New York to Moscow, 15 July 1944, p.1]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/15_Jul_1944_R3_m1_p2.gif 998 KGB New York to Moscow, 15 July 1944, p.2]

* Report of Secretary of State [[Cordell Hull]]'s informal views.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/17_Aug_1944_R3_m3_p1.gif 1178 KGB New York to Moscow, 17 August 1944, p.1]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/17_Aug_1944_R3_m3_p2.gif 1178 KGB New York to Moscow, 17 August 1944, p.2]

*Baltimore Sun correspondent corroborates [[Walter Lippman]]'s views of [[Churchill]]'s relations with [[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Roosevelt]].
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/09_Sep_1944_R3_m2_p1.gif 1291 KGB New York to Moscow, 9 September 1944, p.1]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/09_Sep_1944_R3_m2_p2.gif 1291 KGB New York to Moscow, 9 September 1944, p.2]

*Interest in recruiting [[I. F. Stone]] and in deal in Chile.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/13_Sep_1944_R3_m4_p1.gif 1313 KGB New York to Moscow, 13 September 1944, p.1]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/13_Sep_1944_R3_m4_p2.gif 1313 KGB New York to Moscow, 13 September 1944, p.2]

*Resend of newspapers' views of correspondents on pending Roosevelt and Churchill meeting.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/14_Sep_1944_R3_m1_p1.gif 1312 KGB New York to Moscow, 14 September 1944, p.1]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/14_Sep_1944_R3_m1_p2.gif 1312 KGB New York to Moscow, 14 September 1944, p.2]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/14_Sep_1944_R3_m1_p3.gif 1312 KGB New York to Moscow, 14 September 1944, p.3]

*Operational report by [[Pravdin]]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/10_Oct_1944_R3_m3_p1.gif 1433, 1435 New York to Moscow, 10 October 1944, p.1]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/10_Oct_1944_R3_m3_p2.gif 1433, 1435 New York to Moscow, 10 October 1944, p.2]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/10_Oct_1944_R3_m3_p3.gif 1433, 1435 New York to Moscow, 10 October 1944, p.3]

*I. F. Stone' reluctance to help KGB as he fears [[FBI]].
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/23_Oct_1944_R3_m1_p1.gif 1506 KGB New York to Moscow, 23 October 1944, p.1]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/23_Oct_1944_R3_m1_p2.gif 1506 KGB New York to Moscow, 23 October 1944, p.2]

* Ambassador [[William Averell Harriman]]'s comments to US Press Corps on aid to USSR.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/28_Oct_1944_R3_m1_p1.gif 1535, 1537, 1538 KGB New York to Moscow, 28 October 1944]

*Joseph Berger is assessed by KGB agent Samuel Krafsur.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/25_May_1945_R3_m2_p1.gif 777–779 KGB New York to Moscow, 25 May 1945, p.1]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/25_May_1945_R3_m2_p2.gif 777–779 KGB New York to Moscow, 25 May 1945, p.2]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/25_May_1945_R3_m2_p3.gif 777–779 KGB New York to Moscow, 25 May 1945, p.3]

==References==
<div class="references-small" style="-moz-column-count:2; column-count:2;">
<references/>
</div>

== Sources ==
* ''Venona: Decoding Espionage in America'', John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr, Yale University Press, (1999), pgs. 242–244, 248. ISBN 0-300-07150-7
* ''Mortal Crimes - The Greatest Theft in History: Soviet Penetration of the Manhattan Project'', Nigel West, Enigma Books, (2004).

== External links ==
* [http://www.theworldintelligencereview.com/books&culture/archives/2005/03/spying_on_ameri.html Spying on America]
* [http://www.alba-valb.org/volunteers/samuel-conway-krafsur/?searchterm=Krafsur ALBA Abraham Lincoln Brigade Archives]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Krafsur, Samuel}}
[[Category:KGB Agents and Sources]]
[[Category:propagandists]]
[[Category:Jewish People]]
[[Category:European Jews]]
[[Category:American Jews]]
[[Category:Socialists]]

Samuel R. Delany

2013-05-11T16:42:59Z

Dwain:

'''Samuel Ray Delany, Jr.''' (born 1942) is an American author and has served as a professor at many universities. Many of Delany's books have been in the science fiction genre. Delany is an [[atheism|atheist]].<ref>Samuel R. Delany, ''About writing: seven essays, four letters, and five interviews'', page 36</ref> Delany said he was a supporter of the [[NAMBLA|North American Man-Boy Love Association]] (NAMBLA) and that he regularly read their newsletter.<ref>Delany, Samuel R.; Freedman, Carl (2009). Conversations with Samuel R. Delany. Univ. Press of Mississippi, page 143</ref>

His novels have won multiple science fiction awards, including the Nebula (for ''Babel-17'', ''The Einstein Intersection'', ''Dhalgren'', and ''Triton'') and the Hugo (for ''Babel-17'', ''The Einstein Intersection'', ''Nova'', and his non-fiction memoir, ''The Motion of Light in Water: Sex and Science Fiction Writing in the East Village 1957-1965'').<ref>[http://www.locusmag.com/SFAwards/index.html The LOCUS Index to Science Fiction Awards]</ref>

===References===
<references/>

{{DEFAULTSORT:Delany, Samuel}}

[[Category: Authors]]
[[Category: Atheists]]
[[Category:Homosexuals]]

Samuel R. Delaney

2013-05-11T16:42:20Z

Dwain: Redirected page to Samuel R. Delany

#REDIRECT [[Samuel R. Delany]]

Samuel R. Delany

2013-05-11T16:41:19Z

Dwain: Created page with "'''Samuel Ray Delany, Jr.''' (born 1942) is an American author and has served as a professor at many universities. Many of Delany's books have been in the science fiction genre. ..."

'''Samuel Ray Delany, Jr.''' (born 1942) is an American author and has served as a professor at many universities. Many of Delany's books have been in the science fiction genre. Delany is an [[atheism|atheist]].<ref>Samuel R. Delany, ''About writing: seven essays, four letters, and five interviews'', page 36</ref> Delany said he was a supporter of the [[NAMBLA|North American Man-Boy Love Association]] (NAMBLA).<ref>Delany, Samuel R.; Freedman, Carl (2009). Conversations with Samuel R. Delany. Univ. Press of Mississippi, page 143</ref>

His novels have won multiple science fiction awards, including the Nebula (for ''Babel-17'', ''The Einstein Intersection'', ''Dhalgren'', and ''Triton'') and the Hugo (for ''Babel-17'', ''The Einstein Intersection'', ''Nova'', and his non-fiction memoir, ''The Motion of Light in Water: Sex and Science Fiction Writing in the East Village 1957-1965'').<ref>[http://www.locusmag.com/SFAwards/index.html The LOCUS Index to Science Fiction Awards]</ref>

===References===
<references/>

{{DEFAULTSORT:Delany, Samuel}}

[[Category: Authors]]
[[Category: Atheists]]
[[Category:Homosexuals]]

Talk:North American Man/Boy Love Association

2013-03-04T19:27:45Z

Dwain:

{{protected|TK}}
----
<small>Archives: [[/archive 1|01]]</small>
----
Earlier there was a user who tried several times to add a link to NAMBLA's website in the article of that name, and this user was given tacit support and approval by others for his actions. There are people in Conservapedia, including Andy, who '''WILL NEVER TOLERATE''' any site that advocates child molesting, and I don't want to hear the excuses as to NAMBLA's so-called intentions. If I see anyone post a link to a child-molesting site, I will assume they support child molesting and they will never be allowed in this website again. If I see direct evidence that such an editor may be more involved in child molesting then providing a link, then Andy will be notified as well as federal and state law enforcement. [[User:Karajou|Karajou]] 00:12, 28 April 2007 (EDT)

:Agree 100 percent. There is no need for a "link" to that site. --[[User:Ed Poor|Ed Poor]] 06:48, 28 April 2007 (EDT)

:: NAMBLA site visitors are automatically put on the FBI watch list, FYI. Good move, Karajou! --[[User:TK|<small>Sysop-</small>TK]] <sub>[[User_talk:TK|/MyTalk]]</sub> 09:00, 28 April 2007 (EDT)

:::I beleive the old discussion should be properly archived or restored, and not deleted. [[User:RobS|RobS]] 11:31, 28 April 2007 (EDT)

Rob, I didn't see a quote about it in the article, but I did in recent changes, so keep in mind it's not a "gay activist group." It's a homosexual pedophilia activist group. Gay pedophilia is about as different from homosexuality as straight pedophilia is from heterosexuality :-/ -'''<font color="#007FFF">Ames</font><font color="#FF0000">G</font>'''<sub>[http://www.conservapedia.com/User_talk:AmesG yo!]</sub> 11:39, 28 April 2007 (EDT)
:That is incorrect; [[Harry Hay]] the "founder of the gay movement in America" [http://bostonphoenix.com/boston/news_features/other_stories/documents/02511115.htm] in this cite is compared with Thomas Jefferson, [[Emma Goldman]], and Rosa Parks. [[User:RobS|RobS]] 12:10, 28 April 2007 (EDT)

''Restored text from Archive.''

This source, ''The American Spectator'' Special Report, [http://www.spectator.org/dsp_article.asp?art_id=10450 When Nancy Met Harry], Jeffrey Lord, 10/5/2006, exrtracted reads as follows,
:"Harry Hay was a fierce advocate of man/boy love. While ''The Chronicle'' simply ignored Harry's views, the North American Man/Boy Love Association was only too delighted to put up a collection of Harry's views on the need for young boys to have older men as sexual partners. Here's just a sample taken from a talk at a New York University forum sponsored by a campus gay group in 1983.

:Said Harry: "Because if the parents and friends of gays are truly friends of gays, they would know from their gay kids that the relationship with an older man is precisely what thirteen-, fourteen-, and fifteen-year-old kids need more than anything else in the world."

The text of this conference speech in full is available on NAMBLA's website. I'd say this goes beyond issue advocacy. [[User:RobS|RobS]] 13:47, 27 April 2007 (EDT) and [[User:RobS|RobS]] 12:10, 28 April 2007 (EDT)

:Equating gays with NAMBLA, though, is still incorrect, even if one guy was both.-'''<font color="#007FFF">Ames</font><font color="#FF0000">G</font>'''<sub>[http://www.conservapedia.com/User_talk:AmesG yo!]</sub> 12:29, 28 April 2007 (EDT)

::It is not simply "one guy", it is the recognized founder of the organized gay rights movement in the US, who coincidently had been a [[CPUSA]] member since the 1930s. And if you haven't heard by now, this particularly is my area of speciality, which I can proudly assert is the cause of my banning from WP. WP:Cold War Portal carries a few articles I authored, one of which is [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Soviet_espionage_in_the_United_States History of Soviet Espionage in the United States]. This is an unwritten chapter, the subversive influence of the homosexual movement on American politics and society. I am greatful to User:JeffersonDarcy, becuase I had no reason to ever pursue this on my own, but when I found the precious little nugget about how Harry Hay had been a CPUSA member since the 30s, it filled in a lot of gaps. And we see now how this socially and politically subversive organization took the leadership role in March of 2003 of the anti-War movement. We have living history here that must be documented. [[User:RobS|RobS]] 13:22, 28 April 2007 (EDT)

A lot of movements have people in their fold they're not proud of. Ted Haggart, for one. But the fact that the founder was a creepy doesn't mean the movement isn't still valid, and right.-'''<font color="#007FFF">Ames</font><font color="#FF0000">G</font>'''<sub>[http://www.conservapedia.com/User_talk:AmesG yo!]</sub> 13:36, 28 April 2007 (EDT)
:Good. I hope you see the broader picture. [[User:RobS|RobS]] 14:09, 28 April 2007 (EDT)

I have no problem with the article. Indeed, I would like to see all these guys locked up for good. However, it is shameful of you to categorize the article into the Anti-war movement and Liberal Activists. While some of these guys are probably anti-war and liberal, I suspect some are exactly the opposite. Shame on you.--[[User:Trajsmith|Trajsmith]] 13:34, 5 May 2007 (EDT)--[[User:Trajsmith|Trajsmith]] 13:34, 5 May 2007 (EDT)
:The problem is NAMBLA publicly provided leadership for the anti-War movement in March 2003. Not surprising since NAMBLA trtaditionally takes controversial positions opposed by mainstream America. mainstream America needs to realize however, it has departed from the mainstream and followed NAMBLA's leadership on this issue. [[User:RobS|RobS]] 14:24, 5 May 2007 (EDT)

== Problem with a source ==

I can't find any connection between the Iraq war and NAMBLA. Can someone point out where this is? The only link I find is to Conservapedia. [[User:Flippin|Flippin]] 14:39, 5 May 2007 (EDT)

::Also, could you explain their "leadership role?" Sounds like garbage to me. [[User:Flippin|Flippin]] 14:41, 5 May 2007 (EDT)

:::It's on their website, and cited as such in the article. A link to it comes from their main page. [[User:RobS|RobS]] 14:42, 5 May 2007 (EDT)

::No link on the main page found. sorry. I think someone made this up for ideological gain. [[User:Flippin|Flippin]] 14:48, 5 May 2007 (EDT)

:::We can't link to NAMBLA. You'd have to google or clusty it and link yourself; be forewarned, you'll go on the FBI watchlist. Clusty shows two NAMBLA Editorials using these search terms < NAMBLA Bulletin, Editorial "War in Iraq?" >. This ''ABC News'' [http://abcnews.go.com/images/pdf/883a24WarUpdateIV.pdf] poll shows 77% supported the War whereas 10% strongly opposed it and 7% somewhat opposed. Clearly NAMBLA was in the forefront by publicy taking a stand against the War before it even started. [[User:RobS|RobS]] 15:20, 5 May 2007 (EDT)

::Why does that merit mention in the article? Should we mention all the groups that ran afoul of the ABC poll? I think this is a lame attempt to connect liberals to this group and an intellectually dishonest attempt at that. It should be removed completely. Otherwise, all you are doing is pushing ideology and specious reasoning. [[User:Flippin|Flippin]] 15:39, 5 May 2007 (EDT)
:::It seems like a lousy attempt to link all opposition to the war with pedophiles. --<font color="#0000CC" face="Comic Sans MS">[[User:Hojimachong|'''Hojimachong''']]</font><sup><font color="00FFAA">[[User_Talk:Hojimachong|talk]]</font></sup> 15:40, 5 May 2007 (EDT)
:::: I checked, the ABC poll ''does not mention'' NAMBLA. Please add valid content, not speculation. [[User:Flippin|Flippin]] 15:41, 5 May 2007 (EDT)

Many, many people opposed the war, not just NAMBLA. Your mistake is you don’t want to admit that 100’s of thousands took part in anti-war protests that month. Also, we now know, ironically, that nambla was ''right.''

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/2765215.stm
http://www.commondreams.org/views03/0118-03.htm
http://www.guardian.co.uk/antiwar/story/0,,1111755,00.html
http://observer.guardian.co.uk/international/story/0,,896658,00.html

Even the FBI believes the group only has about 1,100 members. You look ridiculous when you claim that their influence had anything to do with the ''world’s'' response to the war. [[User:Flippin|Flippin]] 15:49, 5 May 2007 (EDT)
:Of course many opposed the War, NAMBLA doesn't constitute 16% of the population. The point being, the so-called "center" has now moved to NAMBLAs position, which NAMBLA has been consistent in. [[User:RobS|RobS]] 15:56, 5 May 2007 (EDT)

::However, you portray it as part of the homosexual agenda to oppose the war, which it most certainly wasn't. If you can show that the ABC poll has ''anything'' to do with NAMBLA, other than your interpetation, I am all ears. [[User:Flippin|Flippin]] 16:03, 5 May 2007 (EDT)
::BTW, I don't think there is room enough to list anyone else that might be affected by this study if that is what you mean to do. [[User:Flippin|Flippin]] 16:05, 5 May 2007 (EDT)
:::NAMBLA is not exclusively a pedophile group; it is a group which fits within other liberal activist coalitions. [[User:RobS|RobS]] 16:14, 5 May 2007 (EDT)
::::Ah. So then we can look forward to relevant notations where, say, the Klan supports conservative positions?--[[User:WJThomas|WJThomas]] 17:07, 7 May 2007 (EDT)

==Thanks==
Despite opinions about the organisation itself or its objectives, in my view it's a well-written and objective article. I am pleasantly surprised. [[User:G7mzh|G7mzh]] 14:04, 16 June 2007 (EDT)

== Link ==
Please remove the link to pedophilia. It is a blocked page. I realize that the protecting sysop is no longer here, but I'm sure there's some way around it. [[User:JLauttamus|Jeffrey W. Lauttamus]][[User_talk:JLauttamus|<sub>Discussion</sub>]] 17:52, 21 September 2008 (EDT)

== Sean Hannity Link ==
The link on the page is no longer good. Here is another one regarding the same subject. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lQnfVpHqhBA

Scott Lively

2013-02-25T17:34:13Z

Dwain:

'''Scott Lively''' is family based activist an author and president of Defend the Family International.

The Defend the Family International is a ministry with the stated objective to 'promote and defend the [[Bible|Biblical]] view of marriage and family' but an almost exclusive focus on homosexuality. Lively is also director of ATM's Pro-Family Law Center.<ref name="nwv">http://www.newswithviews.com/conspiracy/conspiracy6.htm</ref> and was the former California director of the American Family Association.

As an author, Lively, has written ''The Poisoned Stream: "Gay" Influence in Human History'' and he co-authored ''[[The Pink Swastika]]: Homosexuals and the Nazi Party,'' with Kevin E. Abrams which "documents the homosexual roots of Nazism and the central role of homosexuals in the Holocaust."

==Quotes==
"I advocate a high tolerance for the people who define themselves by their choice of a homosexual lifestyle, even while I promote a low tolerance for homosexual conduct." - In ''A Letter to the Lithuanian People''<ref>http://americansfortruth.com/news/scott-lively-warns-the-lithuanian-people-about-the-oppressive-homosexual-movement.html</ref>

" In reality, homosexuality is nothing more than same-gender conduct among people who are innately and unchangeably heterosexual. Homosexuality is thus biologically (and to varying degrees morally) equivalent to pedophilia, sado-masochism, bestiality and many other forms of deviant behavior." - ''Deciphering 'gay' word-speak and language of confusion''<ref name="nwv" />

"We Declare that the human rights of religious and moral people to protect family values is far superior to any claimed human right of those who practice homosexuality, and we Call for the European Union and the international community to immediately abandon any campaign to create a human right for homosexual conduct, and to restore religious freedom and family values to their proper superior status." - ''Riga Declaration on Religious Freedom, Family Values and Human Rights, authored by Scott Lively'' <ref name="dtf">http://www.defendthefamily.com/pfrc/archives.php?id=7300708</ref>

"Like Justice Robert Jackson and the jurists of two millennia, we reject the effort of self-serving people to choose their own morality in the face of revealed universal truth. And like modern environmentalists we can prophesy with assurance that removing social and legal protections for the natural family will have dire and long-lasting consequences for us all." <ref name="dtf" />

==References==
<references/>

[[category:political Activists|Lively, Scott]]

Ernst Röhm

2013-02-24T21:54:30Z

Dwain:

Ernst Röhm (1887-1934) - was a friend of [[Adolf Hitler]] and an early member of the Nazi Party and became Supreme Commander of the SA Brownshirts. He was also one of the many homosexuals who made up the higher echelons of the Nazis.<ref>The Pink Swastika: Homosexuality in the Nazi Party, Scott Lively & Kevin Abrams, 4th Edition.</ref>

Röhm had been in the military since 1906. After World War I he was a member of the Socalist terror organization known as the Iron Fist. From this group he would move into the Nationalsozialistche Deutsche Arbeiterpartei, The National Socialist German Worker's Party - the Nazis.<ref>The Pink Swastika: Homosexuality in the Nazi Party, Scott Lively & Kevin Abrams, 4th Edition.</ref>
Many of the first party meetings took place in a tavern that catered to homosexuals, the Bratwurstgloeckl, since so many of the Nazis were homosexual as Röhm was. In 1927 German Communists leaked some of his letters which revealed his sexuality to the public and caused some loss of popularity for the Nazis.<ref>The Pink Swastika: Homosexuality in the Nazi Party, Scott Lively & Kevin Abrams, 4th Edition.</ref>

In 1934 Hitler had Röhm killed during the so called Knight of the Long Knives for fear that he would be a rival in the future.<ref>The Pink Swastika: Homosexuality in the Nazi Party, Scott Lively & Kevin Abrams, 4th Edition.</ref>

== Sources ==
<references/>

Adolf Hitler

2013-02-24T21:52:35Z

Dwain: /* Path to power */

{{Dictator bio
| image =[[Image:Hitler7.JPG|200px]]
| name =Adolf Hitler
| birth =April 20, 1889<br/>Braunau am Inn, Austria–Hungary
| parents =Alois Hitler (Schicklgruber)<br/>Klara Pölzl
| religion =Roman Catholic (rejected)
| spouse =Eva Braun
| children =none
| death =April 30, 1945<br/>Berlin, Germany
| deathmanner =Suicide by gunshot
| education =Realschule<br/>Linz, Austria
| country =[[Third Reich|Germany]]
| military =16th Bavarian Reserve Regiment<br/>Imperial German Army (1914-1918)
| rank =''Obergefreiter'' (Lance Corporal/Private First Class)
|burial = none, burned.
| polbeliefs =[[Socialism]]<br/>[[National socialism]] (Nazism)
| party =German Workers' Party<br/>(Deutsche Arbeiterpartei 1920–1921)<br/>National Socialist German Workers' Party<br/>(Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei 1921–1945)
| dictatordate =March 23, 1933
| war =[[World War II]]
| deathnumber =12,000,000+ exclusive of battle casualties
20,000,000 to 25,000,000 altogether

Rummel: 21,000,000
}}
'''Adolf Hitler''' was the Austrian-born Chancellor and President of [[Germany]] from January 30, 1933 until his death on April 30, 1945. He was also the leader (German: ''Der Führer'') of the [[National Socialist German Workers Party]] (''National-sozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei'', or [[Nazi]] Party) which gained political power through threat, intimidation, and outright violence throughout Germany in the aftermath of the [[First World War]]. He was born a Catholic, but he never took religion seriously beyond initially rebelling against his Catholic father by showing preferences for Lutheran Protestantism in predominantly Catholic Austria, as well as using quasi-religious rhetoric in Mein Kampf and in speeches in order to not lose potential religious supporters. He was far more interested in [[Social Darwinism]]. After having minor wounds from an assassination bombing attempt, Hitler abused drugs originally intended to help with his injuries long after he had recovered from his injuries.

Hitler in his youth was an financially-irresponsible Bohemian (a German word of the time roughly the same as [[Hippy]]) who became broke after spending his father's inheritance wandering around Austria as a watercolour artist, practicing [[vegetarianism]], and rarely attempting to seek serious employment. Hitler worked with a Jewish art dealer and after being rejected entry into Vienna's leading art school due to his unoriginal art, Hitler was a complete failure and completely broke. Rather than accept responsibility for his Bohemian lifestyle, Hitler in denial and increasing signs of the mental illness of [[psychosis]], followed the political current in Europe at the time of blaming Jews for exploiting him. [[Anti-Semitism]] had become a significant phenomenon in Germany ever since [[Martin Luther]] during his severe mental illness at the end of his life had become anti-Semitic. But anti-Semites in Germany refused to acknowledge that Luther prior to the onset of mental illness was highly sympathetic towards Jews. It was adopted by a number of misguided conservative Protestants who were not aware of Luther's mental state when he became anti-Semitic. Hitler being rebellious to his Catholic father took up a brief interest in Lutheranism and may have been influenced by Luther's anti-Semitic remarks. Hitler without any prospects sought to be conscripted into the German Army (but refused to serve the Austrian army due to many Jews being in it), there Hitler mixed his anti-Semitic views with some of the anti-Semitic factional-Lutheran conservative nationalist aspects (that left-wing historians exaggerate by calling Hitler "far right") in order to be accepted amongst conservative German army officers but also began to adopt radical socialist ideas as revolutionary socialist movements in Germany and elsewhere grew in strength.

After World War I, Hitler behaved as a political opportunist - he played up conservative German themes to his army officers and was sent to investigate a bizarre radical party called the German Workers' Party that used the anti-Semitic factional-Lutheran nationalist theme in combination with a revolutionary socialist agenda that denounced Jews as being responsible for capitalism, exploitation of Germany, and for Germany losing World War I. It was anti-Marxist - though only because [[Karl Marx]] was a Jew and due to their anti-Semitic hatred, and saw Marx as no different than capitalist Jews. The Party was disorganized and Hitler with his strong anti-Semitism took advantage of the situation and used demagoguery to raise himself in the party, and make himself leader of the party that was then named the National Socialist German Workers Party (or Nazi Party in short form). He used the party and its members to exact revenge for his psychotic perception of Jews and capitalists as having ruined him in his youth, along with his megalomaniac and psychotic view of himself as being the "Leader" (German: ''Fuhrer'') of Germany. Many Nazis were highly mentally-ill people with delusions of grandeur of both themselves and Germany, such as [[Heinrich Himmler]], and especially [[Hermann Goring]] who was a morphine addict and an animal rights activist who preferred to have Jews used for scientific experiments.

Due to the thematic influence of the historic anti-Semitic faction of conservative Lutheran extremists on the Nazi movement, left-wing Marxist historians have exaggerated the role of conservative Lutherans in the Nazi movement and because of it claim that the Nazis are "far right". They completely ignore and deny the far left socialist parts of the Nazis, out of political dogmatism just as the Nazis themselves completely denied the socialist elements of Marxism because Marx was Jewish. And left-wing historians almost always neglect to note the very clear similarity of Hitler's loose Bohemian lifestyle as a youth to that of Hippies.

Adolf Hitler was an [[Evolution|evolutionary]] [[racist]] and [[socialism|socialist]] (see also: [[evolutionary racism]]).<ref>http://www.icr.org/index.php?module=articles&action=view&ID=268</ref><ref>http://mises.org/daily/1937</ref><ref>http://www.hourofthetime.com/socialist.htm</ref> Hitler’s policies and beliefs resulted in the [[Genocide|mass extermination]] of the [[Jews]], [[Gypsies]], and other peoples he considered “[[Racial Supremacy|inferior]]” throughout central and eastern [[Europe]] and were directly responsible for the outbreak of [[World War II]], which caused the deaths of untold millions on and off the battlefield and ended only after Hitler's [[suicide]] in his Berlin bunker.

==Early life==
[[File:Hitler Roses.jpg|thumb|Roses by Adolf Hitler.]]
Hitler was born on April 20, 1889, in Braunau am Inn, [[Austria]]. Hitler's father, Alois (born 1837), was a customs official who was himself born out of wedlock, carrying for a time his mother's name, Schicklgruber. By 1876 he had his baptismal entry corrected in his church records, establishing his father as Johan Heidler, which was altered slightly to Hitler.

When his father retired the family moved to Linz, Austria, where it remained a favorite for young Adolf for the rest of his life, and where he gave his wish to be buried. When Alois died in 1903 he left enough of a pension to support his wife and children; Adolf would take his and live off of it in Vienna after leaving school, dreaming of becoming an artist. Although somewhat competent as a painter of landscapes and architecture, his renderings of humans were considered “lifeless” and “crude” by the standards of the Academy of Fine Arts, and his application was rejected twice. Remaining in [[Vienna]], he moved from one cheap flop house to another, painting postcards and advertisements to earn a meager living after his allowance had dried up. By then he had developed traits which characterized his life as a whole: secretiveness, loneliness, a Spartan mode of everyday life, and a hatred of the cosmopolitan, multinational character that was the makeup of Vienna. ''He never sought a proper job or regular employment. Instead he immersed himself in the works of [[Hegel]], [[Nietzsche]], and the anti-Semitic writings of the Englishman Houston Stewart Chamberlain. He loved the operas of Wagner, and the stories of the Nordic Gods... In early 1910, he entered a shelter for the homeless, populated in the main by poor Jews, on Meldemenstrasse, and was eating at soup kitchens. By this time he had pawned all his belongings. '' <ref> [http://socyberty.com/history/young-adolf-the-adolescent-hitler-and-beyond/ Young Adolf: The Adolescent Hitler and Beyond.] </ref>

==Who And What He Was==
[[Image:Cupid Complaining to Venus by Lucas Cranach.jpg|150px|left|thumb|This painting, one of the best-loved paintings in the National Gallery, had once belonged to Hitler. New evidence has come to light that Lucas Cranach's ''Cupid Complaining to Venus'', currently on loan to an exhibition in Bristol, hung on the sitting-room wall of his flat in Munich. <ref>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/artanddesign/2008/mar/28/art.secondworldwar Hitler owned painting now in National Gallery]</ref>]]
[[Elie Wiesel]] wrote famously, and most eloquently about Hitler in 1998:
<blockquote>''"At the same time that he terrorized his adversaries, he knew how to please, impress and charm the very interlocutors from whom he wanted support. Diplomats and journalists insist as much on his charm as they do on his temper tantrums. The savior admired by his own as he dragged them into his madness, the Satan and exterminating angel feared and hated by all others, Hitler led his people to a shameful defeat without precedent. That his political and strategic ambitions have created a dividing line in the history of this turbulent and tormented century is undeniable: there is a before and an after. By the breadth of his crimes, which have attained a quasi-ontological dimension, he surpasses all his predecessors: as a result of Hitler, man is defined by what makes him inhuman. With Hitler at the head of a gigantic laboratory, life itself seems to have changed."''</blockquote>

<blockquote>''"How did this Austrian without title or position manage to get himself elected head of a German nation renowned for its civilizing mission? How to explain the success of his cheap demagogy in the heart of a people so proud of having inherited the genius of a Wolfgang von Goethe and an Immanuel Kant?"''</blockquote>

<blockquote>''"Was there no resistance to his disastrous projects? There was. But it was too feeble, too weak and too late to succeed. German society had rallied behind him: the judicial, the educational, the industrial and the economic establishments gave him their support. Few politicians of this century have aroused, in their lifetime, such love and so much hate; few have inspired so much historical and psychological research after their death. Even today, works on his enigmatic personality and his cursed career are best sellers everywhere. Some are good, others are less good, but all seem to respond to an authentic curiosity on the part of a public haunted by memory and the desire to understand."''</blockquote>

<blockquote>''"We think we know everything about the nefarious forces that shaped his destiny: his unhappy childhood, his frustrated adolescence; his artistic disappointments; his wound received on the front during World War I; his taste for spectacle, his constant disdain for social and military aristocracies; his relationship with [[Eva Braun]], who adored him; the cult of the very death he feared; his lack of scruples with regard to his former comrades of the SA, whom he had assassinated in 1934; his endless hatred of [[Jews]], whose survival enraged him — each and every phase of his official and private life has found its chroniclers, its biographers."''</blockquote>

<blockquote>''"And yet. There are, in all these givens, elements that escape us. How did this unstable paranoid find it within himself to impose gigantic hope as an immutable ideal that motivated his nation almost until the end? Would he have come to power if Germany were not going through endless economic crises, or if the winners in 1918 had not imposed on it conditions that represented a national humiliation against which the German patriotic fiber could only revolt? We would be wrong to forget: Hitler came to power in January 1933 by the most legitimate means. His [[Nationalist Socialist Party]] won a majority in the parliamentary elections. The aging [[Field Marshal Paul von Hindenburg]] had no choice but to allow him, at age 43, to form the new government, marking the end of the Weimar Republic. And the beginning of the [[Third Reich]], which, according to Hitler, would last 1,000 years."''</blockquote>

<blockquote>''"From that moment on, events cascaded. The burning of the [[Reichstag]] came only a little before the openings of the first concentration camps, established for members of the opposition. Fear descended on the country and squeezed it in a vise. Great writers, musicians and painters went into exile to France and the U.S. Jews with foresight emigrated toward Palestine. The air of Hitler's Germany was becoming more and more suffocating. Those who preferred to wait, thinking that the Nazi regime would not last, could not last, would regret it later, when it was too late."''</blockquote>

<blockquote>''"The fact is that Hitler was beloved by his people — not the military, at least not in the beginning, but by the average Germans who pledged to him an affection, a tenderness and a fidelity that bordered on the irrational. It was idolatry on a national scale. One had to see the crowds who acclaimed him. And the women who were attracted to him. And the young who in his presence went into ecstasy. Did they not see the hateful mask that covered his face? Did they not divine the catastrophe he bore within himself?<ref name="time">http://www.time.com/time/time100/leaders/profile/hitler.html"''</ref></blockquote>

{{Clear}}

==Beliefs==
Despite the common myth that Hitler was an atheist, Hitler was actually a confirmed [[Roman Catholic]] Christian. In Mein Kampf, Hitler wrote, “by defending myself against the Jew, I am fighting for the work of the Lord”. However, he was not very strong in his religious beliefs, and it is likely he only mentioned [[Christianity]] in his speeches to gain the votes and favor of both Catholics and Protestants.

=== Hitler, Nazism and socialism ===

''For more information please see:'' [[Nazism and socialism]]

[[Image:Hitler.jpg|thumb|250px|right|One of the most well known political parties of the 20th century which was [[socialism|socialistic]] was the [[National Socialist German Workers Party]] (NAZI) which was headed by the [[Evolutionary racism|evolutionary racist]] Adolf Hitler.<ref>http://mises.org/daily/1937</ref><ref>http://creation.com/darwinism-and-the-nazi-race-holocaust</ref><ref>http://www.hourofthetime.com/socialist.htm</ref> ]]
The [[Ludwig von Mises Institute]] declares:
{{cquote|The identification of [[Nazi]] [[Germany]] as a [[socialism|socialist]] state was one of the many great contributions of [[Ludwig von Mises]]...

The basis of the claim that Nazi Germany was capitalist was the fact that most industries in Nazi Germany appeared to be left in private hands.

What Mises identified was that private ownership of the means of production existed in name only under the Nazis and that the actual substance of ownership of the means of production resided in the German government. For it was the German government and not the nominal private owners that exercised all of the substantive powers of ownership: it, not the nominal private owners, decided what was to be produced, in what quantity, by what methods, and to whom it was to be distributed, as well as what prices would be charged and what wages would be paid, and what dividends or other income the nominal private owners would be permitted to receive. The position of the alleged private owners, Mises showed, was reduced essentially to that of government pensioners.

De facto government ownership of the means of production, as Mises termed it, was logically implied by such fundamental collectivist principles embraced by the Nazis as that the common good comes before the private good and the individual exists as a means to the ends of the State. If the individual is a means to the ends of the State, so too, of course, is his property. Just as he is owned by the State, his property is also owned by the State.<ref>http://mises.org/daily/1937</ref>}}

=== Hitler and the Theory of Evolution ===
''For more information please see:'' [[Evolutionary racism]] and [[Social effects of the theory of evolution]]

[[Image:Hitlerrisetopower.jpg|right|225px|thumb]]
The staunch [[evolution|evolutionist]] Stephen Gould admitted the following:
{{cquote|[[Ernst Haeckel|[Ernst] Haeckel]] was the chief apostle of evolution in [[Germany]].... His evolutionary racism; his call to the German people for racial purity and unflinching devotion to a "just" state; his belief that harsh, inexorable laws of evolution ruled human civilization and nature alike, conferring upon favored races the right to dominate others; the irrational mysticism that had always stood in strange communion with his brave words about objective science - all contributed to the rise of Nazism. - Stephen J. Gould, "Ontogeny and Phylogeny," Belknap Press: Cambridge MA, 1977, pp.77-78).<ref>http://members.iinet.net.au/~sejones/social.html</ref>}}

Robert E.D. Clark in his work ''Darwin: Before and After'' wrote concerning Hitler's evolutionary racism:
{{cquote|The Germans were the higher race, destined for a glorious evolutionary future. For this reason it was essential that the Jews should be segregated, otherwise mixed marriages would take place. Were this to happen, all nature’s efforts 'to establish an evolutionary higher stage of being may thus be rendered futile' (''Mein Kampf''). <ref>http://www.creationontheweb.com/content/view/1675</ref>}}

Hitler wrote in ''Mein Kampf'':
{{cquote|The stronger must dominate and not blend with the weaker, thus sacrificing his own greatness. Only the born weakling can view this as cruel, but he, after all, is only a weak and limited man; for if this law did not prevail, any conceivable higher development (Hoherentwicklung) of organic living beings would be unthinkable.<ref>http://www.icr.org/index.php?module=articles&action=view&ID=268</ref>}}

Dr. Robert E.D. Clark wrote in his work ''Darwin, Before and After'' the following regarding Hitler and the theory of evolution: “Adolf Hitler’s mind was captivated by evolutionary teaching — probably since the time he was a boy. Evolutionary ideas — quite undisguised — lie at the basis of all that is worst in Mein Kampf — and in his public speeches”.<ref name="courier">http://www.christiancourier.com/articles/read/the_holocaust_why_did_it_happen</ref>
[[Image:5712dawkins.jpg|alt=Richard Dawkins|right|thumbnail|200px|[[Richard Dawkins]] is a prominent [[atheism|atheist]] and [[evolution|evolutionist]]. [[Richard Dawkins]] stated in an interview: “What’s to prevent us from saying Hitler wasn’t right? I mean, that is a genuinely difficult question."<ref>http://byfaithonline.com/page/in-the-world/richard-dawkins-the-atheist-evangelist</ref> ]]
Richard Hickman in his work ''Biocreation'' concurs and wrote the following:
{{cquote|It is perhaps no coincidence that Adolf Hitler was a firm believer in and preacher of evolutionism. Whatever the deeper, profound, complexities of his [[psychosis]], it is certain that [the concept of struggle was important for]. . . his book, Mein Kampf clearly set forth a number of evolutionary ideas, particularly those emphasizing struggle, survival of the fittest and extermination of the weak to produce a better society. <ref>http://www.creationism.org/csshs/v08n3p24.htm</ref>}}

Noted evolutionary [[anthropology|anthropologist]] Sir Arthur Keith conceded the following in regards to Hitler: “The German Fuhrer, as I have consistently maintained, is an evolutionist; he has consciously sought to make the practices of Germany conform to the theory of evolution”.<ref name="courier" />

[[Pulitzer Prize]]-winning author Marilynne Robinson wrote the following regarding Hitler's racism in the November 2006 issue of ''Harper’s'' magazine:
{{cquote|While it is true that persecution of the Jews has a very long history in [[Europe]], it is also true that science in the twentieth century revived and absolutized persecution by giving it a fresh rationale — Jewishness was not religious or cultural, but genetic. Therefore no appeal could be made against the brute fact of a Jewish grandparent.

[[Richard Dawkins|[Richard] Dawkins]] deals with all this in one sentence. Hitler did his evil "in the name of ... an insane and unscientific [[eugenics]] theory." But eugenics is science as surely as totemism is religion. That either is in error is beside the point. Science quite appropriately acknowledges that error should be assumed, and at best it proceeds by a continuous process of criticism meant to isolate and identify error. So bad science is still science in more or less the same sense that bad religion is still religion. That both of them can do damage on a huge scale is clear. The prestige of both is a great part of the problem, and in the modern period the credibility of anything called science is enormous. As the history of eugenics proves, science at the highest levels is no reliable corrective to the influence of cultural prejudice but is in fact profoundly vulnerable to it.

There is indeed historical precedent in the [[Spanish Inquisition]] for the notion of hereditary Judaism. But the fact that the worst religious thought of the sixteenth century can be likened to the worst scientific thought of the twentieth century hardly redounds to the credit of science.<ref>http://solutions.synearth.net/2006/10/20</ref><ref>http://www.uncommondescent.com/intelligent-design/someone-finally-said-it-dawkinss-hysterical-scientism/</ref>}}

[[Evolution|Evolutionist]] and [[atheism|atheist]] [[Richard Dawkins]] stated in an interview: “What’s to prevent us from saying Hitler wasn’t right? I mean, that is a genuinely difficult question."<ref>http://byfaithonline.com/page/in-the-world/richard-dawkins-the-atheist-evangelist</ref> The interviewer wrote, regarding the Hitler comment, "I was stupefied. He had readily conceded that his own [[philosophy|philosophical]] position did not offer a rational basis for moral judgments. His intellectual honesty was refreshing, if somewhat disturbing on this point."<ref>http://byfaithonline.com/page/in-the-world/richard-dawkins-the-atheist-evangelist</ref>

== Similarities between Communism, Nazism and liberalism ==

''See also:'' [[Similarities between Communism, Nazism and liberalism]]

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!
![[Communism|Communist]] Manifesto
![[Nazi]] Party Platform
!Analysis
|-
|1
|"Abolition of property in land and application of all rents of land to public purposes."
|"We demand an agrarian reform in accordance with our national requirements, and the enactment of a law to expropriate the owners without compensation of any land needed for the common purpose. The abolition of ground rents, and the prohibition of all speculation in land."
|The stripping away of land from private owners. [[Liberalism]] today demands "eminent domain" on property.
|-
|2
|"A heavy progressive or graduated income tax."
|"We demand the nationalization of all trusts...profit-sharing in large industries...a generous increase in old-age pensions...by providing maternity welfare centers, by prohibiting juvenile labor...and the creation of a national (folk) army."
|The points raised in the [[Nazi]] platform demand an increase in taxes to support them. Liberalism today demands heavy progressive and graduated income taxes.
|-
|3
|"Abolition of all rights of inheritance."
|"That all unearned income, and all income that does not arise from work, be abolished."
|Liberalism today demands a "death tax" on anyone inheriting an estate.
|-
|4
|"Confiscation of the property of all emigrants and rebels."
|"We demand that all non-Germans who have entered Germany since August 2, 1914, shall be compelled to leave the Reich immediately."
|The Nuremburg Laws of 1934 allowed Germany to take Jewish property.
|-
|5
|"Centralisation of credit in the hands of the state, by means of a national bank with State capital and an exclusive monopoly."
|"We demand the nationalization of all trusts."
|Central control of the financial system.
|-
|6
|"Centralisation of the means of communication and transport in the hands of the State."
|"We demand that there be a legal campaign against those who propagate deliberate political lies and disseminate them through the press...editors and their assistants on newspapers published in the German language shall be German citizens...Non-German newspapers shall only be published with the express permission of the State...the punishment for transgressing this law be the immediate suppression of the newspaper..."
|Central control of the press. Liberals today demand control or suppression of talk radio and Fox News.
|-
|7
|"Free education for all children in public schools. Abolition of children’s factory labour in its present form. Combination of education with industrial production, &c, &c."
|"In order to make it possible for every capable and industrious German to obtain higher education, and thus the opportunity to reach into positions of leadership, the State must assume the responsibility of organizing thoroughly the entire cultural system of the people. The curricula of all educational establishments shall be adapted to practical life. The conception of the State Idea (science of citizenship) must be taught in the schools from the very beginning. We demand that specially talented children of poor parents, whatever their station or occupation, be educated at the expense of the State. "
|Central control of education, with an emphasis on doing things their way. Liberals today are doing things ''their way'' in our schools.
|-
|}

==War==
[[Image:Hitler munich1914.jpg|right|200px|thumb|Hitler in the crowd in Munich, 1914, reacting to the news of Germany's entry in the First World War.]]
By 1913 Hitler was in Munich, Germany, with war clouds on the horizon. Classified as unfit for service in the Austrian army (possibly by faking, as he did not like the thought of serving Austria) in 1914, he volunteered for the German army, joining the 16th Bavarian Reserve Infantry Regiment, greeting the war with enthusiasm, and finding the military discipline and comradeship satisfying. He served during the entire [[First World War]] as a messenger carrying dispatches between units, and often at the front lines under fire; he was wounded in 1916, and gassed in 1918. His bravery during this time earned him the [[Iron Cross]], 2nd Class, in December, 1914, and in August 1918 he was awarded the Iron Cross, 1st Class – a rare decoration for a corporal. But the gassing would take him out of the war and into a hospital, where he would be told the heart-wrenching news of Germany’s defeat the following November.

==Path to power==
After the war ended, Hitler's future seemed uncertain. There was much discontent among demobilized veterans because of the lack of employment. The German military had felt it had not been defeated; indeed, the German Army stood on foreign soil when the Armistice was signed November 11, 1918 and not a square inch of German soil had been occupied. This was despite the fact that the German Army's strongest position, the Hindenburg line, had been broken by the Allies, and the German Army itself was in full retreat. However, the Army felt they had done their job, and the nation had been "stabbed in the back" by a gang of traitors who sought to lay hands on the Fatherland. The "myth" that Germany had been defeated was the "big lie" Hitler spoke of, as if repeating it often enough would cause people to believe it.

After his discharge from the hospital, Hitler acted as an army political agent, assigned in Munich to gather information on the various political parties which had spring up amid the social chaos following Germany’s defeat. In September, 1919, he was given orders to investigate the relatively-minor German Workers’ Party (''Deutsche Arbeiterpartei''); intrigued by the party’s apparatus and its racial, pan-German nationalism, he joined, becoming its 55th member; he left the army soon after and devoted himself to improving the party’s propaganda, as well as his own position within.

Conditions in Germany fostered the development of the party. Economic woes brought widespread discontent, added to the furor surrounding the loss of the war and the harsh terms heaped upon Germany by the Allied Powers in the Versailles Peace Treaty. Bavaria’s traditional separatism from the central government in Berlin made current conditions especially sharp, and Hitler was savvy enough to take full advantage of them. When he joined, he found the party ineffective in leadership and uncertain as to its aims; he accepted the party program, but regarded it as a means to an end. He caused friction with other members of the party, and their attempts to control him caused a threat of resignation; realizing that the future of the party now depended on Hitler, who clearly had a talent of organization, fund collecting, and above all, speaking, they declined to accept it; from July, 1921 Hitler was regarded as the party leader with nearly unlimited power. From his party newspaper, ''Völkischer Beobachter'' (“Popular Observer”), he spewed out endless propaganda. His meetings where he spoke grew from handfuls to hundreds, and then on to thousands. A man of charismatic personality, he quickly attracted a circle of loyal and devoted followers: Julius Streicher, Alfred Rosenberg, Hermann Göring, and Rudolf Hess.

Munich was also a gathering place for former servicemen dissatisfied with conditions in the country; members of the Freikorps, which had been organized after the war from army units that refused to return to civilian life; and those civilians who plotted against the republic. Many of these men joined the Nazi Party. Among them was a staff member of the district command who had joined the German Workers’ Party before Hitler, [[Ernst Röhm]], a pudgy man with a scared face who saw his own ambition in helping further Hitler’s rise within the party. Röhm recruited what came to be known as the “Brown Shirts”, the violent squads used to attack socialists and communists, and to protect party meetings whenever Hitler was speaking. By 1921 they were organized into a private army called the ''Sturmabteilung'', abbreviated to S.A.

==The Beer Hall Putsch==
Germany in 1923 was marked by social and political unrest caused by hyperinflation. In this time Hitler was able convince [[Erich Ludendorff]], an accomplished general and leader of the German forces in the first World War, to join him in a coup d'etat (''Putsch'' in German). When Hitler learned that the nationalist prime minister of Bavaria was giving a speech to 3000 officials in one of Munich's biggest beer halls (the Haufbrau Haus), he ordered his paramilitaries to surround the building. Hitler went inside and took the prime minister hostage, announced a revolution, and attempted to convince him to join the coup against Berlin and become member in his new administration. The Bavarian prime minister agreed under pressure, but informed the nation via radio later that night that he did not support Hitler. The prime minister also informed the federal government in Berlin; the putsch had begun to fail.

The next morning, 9 November 1923, Hitler and Ludendorff were marching with approximately 2000 partly armed supporters through Munich in a show of strength to regain the momentum. In the ensuing fight between Hitler's marchers and a cordon of police and army units at least 14 Nazi supporters and three policemen were killed and hundreds wounded. Ludendorff handed himself over to the authorities, while Hitler fled soon after the fighting began. Hitler was arrested a few days later at a friend's house, were had been in hiding since the failed coup. Ludendorff was acquitted of all charges, while Hitler was sentenced to 5 years in prison (he would do eight months). <ref>http://history1900s.about.com/cs/thirdreich/a/beerhallputsch_2.htm</ref><ref>http://www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/timeline/putsch2.htm</ref> The Bavarian prime minister, who foiled the plan, was killed in 1934 in the "Night of the Long Knives".

===''Mein Kampf''===
{{main|Mein Kampf}}
Hitler had his inner circle as frequent visitors in his prison cell, which was made more comfortable due to his celebrity. While there, he dictated to Rudolf Hess the first volume of ''[[Mein Kampf]]'' (“My Struggle”), his political autobiography and a compendium of his many ideas, including his [[atheist]] and [[evolutionist]] ideas.

Hitler believed in the inequality of the races, nations, and individuals as part of the natural order of mankind, and chief among them was the exalted “Aryan race”, and the greatest of the Aryans were the Germans. It was the German, according to Hitler, that gave the world civilization and the arts; to safeguard the German people as a race (the “Volk”), they would need to be united under a single leader (the Führer), where they would be protected from their three principle enemies: Marxism, which included social democracy as well as communism; democracy and its mob-rule, as shown by the failings of the Weimar Republic; and above all what Hitler called the poisoners of humanity, the Jews. “Rational anti-Semitism must lead to systematic legal opposition,” he wrote in 1919. “Its final objective must be the removal of the Jews altogether.” In Mein Kampf, he told the world that the Jew was the “destroyer of culture,” “a parasite within the nation,” and “a menace.”

From "Mein Kampf":
{{cquote|The Jew "... he blares out his merits to the rest of the world until people really begin to believe in them. Anyone who does not believe in them is doing him a bitter injustice. In a short time he begins to twist things around to make it look as if all the injustice in the world had always been done to him and not the other way around." <ref> [http://www.hitler.org/writings/Mein_Kampf/mkv1ch11.html Mein Kampf by Adolf Hitler.]</ref> }}

{{cquote| Hitler portrays Jews as leaders in politics and banking, both groups seeking to strengthen their cause, [[Zionism]], to ensure Jewish domination. From his Social Darwinist perspective, Hitler perceived a racial war as inevitable and he sought to halt the "[[Jewish]] drive towards world conquest"... As Berlin collapsed around him, Adolf asserted: "Out of the ruins of our towns and monuments hatred will grow against those finally responsible for everything, International Jewry." <ref> [http://www.historytoday.com/MainArticle.aspx?m=32043&amid=30237234 Mein Kampf – The Text, its Themes and Hitler’s Vision] Robert Carr dissects a book frequently referred to but seldom read. </ref>
}}

==Rebuilding the Nazi Party==

[[Image:Hitler-3.jpg‎ |right|200px|thumb|Hitler in car, saluting passing S.A. at one of many parades.]]
Internal dissension within the party caused it to languish while Hitler was in prison. When he was released he saw difficulties in the country that had not existed before the Putsch, namely currency reform that brought economic stability, and the scaling back of the war reparations as a result of the Dawes Plan. Hitler was also forbidden to speak in public, and remained so until 1928; nonetheless he worked to rebuild the party and re-establish his own position within it as leader, despite Gregor Strasser’s opposition in northern Germany. By 1927 the number of Nazis was in the hundreds of thousands.

A new period of political and economic instability began with the onset of the Great Depression which threw millions out of work in Europe and North America. To campaign against the [[Young Plan]] (a second renegotiation of war reparations payments) Hitler made an alliance with one of Germany’s leading nationalists, Alfred Hugenberg, whose newspapers enabled Hitler to reach a national audience for the first time. The alliance also had another advantage: it enabled him to seek support from many in business and industry who controlled funds going into politics, and who themselves were desirous of seeing Germany under the control of a strong anti-Soviet and anti-Communist regime. The subsidies Hitler received placed the Nazi Party on a strong financial footing, enabling him to make his emotional appeal to the lower middle class and the unemployed in his faith that Germany would recover from its suffering and be a great nation once more. The alliance with the industrialists also demonstrated another aspect of Hitler, a skill of effectively using those that would use him, which many would discover when it was too late.

The electoral strength of the Nazis grew during the Depression, as unceasing propaganda accused the government of failing to improve conditions for the working man. By the fall of 1930 the Nazis captured more than 18 percent of the vote, compared to just 2.6 percent in 1928. Hitler captured 36.8 percent of the vote when he opposed Paul von Hindenburg in the 1932 presidential election; his mass following put him in such a strong position that he entered a series of closed-door intrigues with Franz von Papen, Oskar Hindenburg, and Otto Meissner, all sharing a fear and loathing of a communist government. Despite the party losing votes in the November, 1932 election, Hitler insisted on nothing less than the office of chancellor for himself. For him, it was all or nothing. Hindenburg offered it to him on January 30, 1933.

==In power==
Almost immediately, Hitler established himself as dictator. Less than a month after taking office, on February 27 the Reichstag building was set on fire under mysterious circumstances (but officially blamed on a feeble-minded Dutch communist, Marinus van der Lubbe); Hitler soon after succeeded in getting several decrees passed removing much of the freedom guaranteed the constitution in the name of state security, and which also allowed an intensified campaign of violence against dissidents. Incredibly, in a special election set in those conditions on March 5, the Nazis won 43.9 percent of the vote. On March 21, the new Reichstag assembled at the Potsdam Church, as much a show of unity between the old guard under Hindenburg and the Nazis as it was a show of peace. Two days later the Enabling Act was passed, giving Hitler full powers; with the exception of the Nazis, all other political parties, including those which had helped pass the Enabling Act, ceased to exist within three months. Many of their leaders were imprisoned in concentration camps.

===Night of the Long Knives===
[[Image:HitlerRohm1933.JPG|right|200px|thumb|Hitler with Ernst Röhm in 1933]]
[[File:Diego Rivera, Hitler, Panel of Mural for the New Workers School, New York City, 1933..jpg|thumb|left|Hitler by [[Diego Rivera]], 1933.]]
Hitler, however, did not wish to start an immediate revolution. In order to implement his ideas he still needed the support of the army. But he did have one growing problem that was a thorn in the army’s side, the million-plus men of the S.A. and their leader, Ernst Röhm, who wanted nothing less than the merger of the S.A. into the army, with himself in overall command. At first, Hitler tried getting Röhm’s support by persuasion, but Hitler’s inner circle was for removing him by any means possible. On June 29, 1934, Hitler ordered a purge, flew towards a resort near Munich where a number of S.A. leaders were vacationing, and had them all arrested; many would be shot without trial. Refusing to shoot himself when offered, Röhm was killed in his cell at Dachau, his last words, ironically, “Mein Führer, mein Führer!” <ref>http://www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/timeline/roehm.htm</ref><ref>http://www.adolfhitler.ws/lib/nsdap/Rohm.html</ref><ref>http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/nazi/innenpolitik/roehm/index.html</ref>
On July 13, Hitler gave speech in the Reichstag, announcing that some seventy-four individuals had been shot for threatening the stability of the Reich.
:''"If anyone reproaches me and asks why I did not resort to the regular courts of justice, then all I can say is this: In this hour I was responsible for the fate of the German people, and thereby I became the supreme judge of the German people…It was no secret that this time the revolution would have to be bloody; when we spoke of it we called it 'The Night of the Long Knives.' Everyone must know for all future time that if he raises his hand to strike the State, then certain death is his lot." ''
Hitler also used this event to settle his account with other opponents, such as Georg Strasser, who stood for a more socialist and less racist national socialism, and the former Bavarian prime minister who foiled the Beer Hall Putsch in 1923. Satisfied that the S.A. leadership was thoroughly broken up (thousands of S.A. members were either arrested or killed that night), the army approved of Hitler’s actions. Hindenburg died a few days later on August 2, and Hitler merged the office of president with the chancellorship, and with it the supreme command of the German armed forces. During this time the world was slowly recovering economically from the Depression, but it quickened in Germany, coincidently with Hitler’s rise to power. Taking credit for the recovery made him very popular, bringing him a 90 percent approval rating in a voter plebiscite that year.

===Beginnings of expansion===
In matters of state, the running of domestic affairs was left to subordinates, which was something Hitler had little attention for. Foreign policy always peaked his interest, in so much as to the advantages of a “Greater Germany”, which was his chief ambition. The first part of realizing this, according to ''Mein Kampf'', was to be a reunion of the German peoples within Europe; the second would be an expansion of Germany to the east (lebensraum). Expanding would mean a renewed conflict with the Slavic peoples, whom Hitler intended to serve as slaves to the “New German Order.” To follow through on his ambitions, he would have to remove Poland and the Soviet Union as countries; France also would have to be stabilized in the west, as she was Germany’s enemy for more than a century. He counted as possible allies Italy, with its fascist government under [[Benito Mussolini]], and Britain, whom he regarded as having a similar, Teutonic heritage.
[[Image:Hitler6-thumb.jpg|right|200px|thumb|Hitler with his dog, Blondie.]]
Before any of his ambitions could take place, there was one thing he detested which needed immediate removal: the restrictions placed upon Germany by the Treaty of Versailles at the end of World War I. Posing as a man of peace to allay suspicions, he insisted that he was a champion of Europe wishing only for the removal of the inequalities leveled by the treaty, and posturing as a shield against Bolshevism. In October, 1933, he had Germany withdraw from the [[League of Nations]]. The following January he signed a non-aggression treaty with Poland. His individual repudiations of parts of the treaty were followed by offers of negotiations for new agreements, while maintaining Germany’s limited ambitious nature.

While this was going on, Germany was steadily building up the armed forces. Rigorous training using wooden guns and trucks marked as “tanks” got needed battlefield training for officers. Potential fighter pilots began their training in gliders at public demonstrations – Germany, under terms of the treaty, was not allowed an air force – and later they would fly in new civilian stunt planes and transports, which on the drawing board were designed to be rapidly turned into fighters and bombers. Conscription was introduced in January, 1935, and in June of that year Hitler successfully signed a naval treaty with Britain, giving him rights to a respectable navy; but even while the ink was drying, Germany was secretly building a large U-boat fleet.

The matter of reuniting the German peoples came into being in July, 1934, and here Hitler overreached. German organizations were covertly aiding Austrian Nazis in the overthrow of their government, culminating in an attempted revolt as well as murdering Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss. When the attempt clearly failed, Hitler denied involvement. In January, 1935, a plebecite was introduced in the Saarland; more than 90 percent voted to return the territory to Germany. Then in March, 1936, came his greatest slap to the Versailles Treaty: against the advice of his generals, and in open defiance of France and Britain, he ordered troops into the demilitarized Rhineland. Germany was once again becoming the leading power in continental Europe. By October, 1936, Germany had signed an alliance with Italy, proclaiming a “Rome-Berlin axis,” followed by the Anti-Comintern Pact with Japan. All three countries would sign a single, mutual alliance pact, the following year.

==Anschluss==

Removed from their offices in January 1938 were Hjalmar Schacht (economic ministry); Werner von Fritsch (soldiers’ representative); and Konstantin von Neurath (foreign office); the reason being was they were not fully accepting of Nazism. Beginning his plans of German conquest, he started with Austria. Kurt von Schuschnigg, the Austrian chancellor, was invited to Berchtesgaden in February, where he was browbeaten and forced to sign an agreement placing Austrian Nazis in the government. When Schuschnigg resisted and announced a plebiscite for Austrian voters concerning independence, Hitler ordered German troops into Austria, completely taking over the country within days. His return to Vienna was in triumph; enthusiastic crowds greeted him by the tens of thousands, in sharp contrast to the scenes of privation he had gone through there in his youth. Austria was annexed (Anschluss) to the Reich a short time later.

While the Anschluss was going on, Hitler was speaking in friendly terms with Czechoslovakia; nearly as soon as Austria ceased to exist, Hitler proceeded with his plans against the Czechs. The northwestern region of Czechoslovakia was the Sudetenland, inhabited by a German minority, and the leader of them, Konrad Henlein, was instructed to make impossible demands for those Germans on the Czech government. In the interest of preventing a general war (which Hitler wanted), Mussolini and British prime minister Neville Chamberlain concluded a peaceful agreement in Munich on September 30, giving Hitler the Sudetenland without firing a shot. Chamberlain would return to Britain, waving the agreement signed between himself and Hitler, declaring it to be “peace for our time”, but his act of appeasement would ensure the peace would last only a few more months. Despite assurances that the Sudetenland was his last territorial demands, “Czechia”, as the remainder of Czechoslovakia was called, became a German protectorate on March 15, 1939, when Hitler ordered it occupied. Just over a week later, Lithuania was forced to cede to Germany the territory of Memel (Klaipeda), on the border of East Prussia.

==Poland==
Poland’s turn was next, and listening to the rumblings was France and Britain, which signed guarantees of mutual assistance to the Polish nation should it be attacked by Germany. Hitler also signed pacts: a “Pact of Steel” with Italy, strengthening the alliance between Rome and Berlin, and then a treaty that caught many off-guard: a non-aggression pact with the Soviet Union on August 23. A secret clause in the pact allowed for the simultaneous invasion of Poland, and the division of the country in the center from north to south. Poland was invaded on September 1; two days later, Britain and France declared war on Germany.

Hitler assumed his own war strategy. Poland was conquered within weeks, and when a desired peace accord with Britain failed to materialize, he ordered the army to prepare for a western offensive. Norway was invaded and occupied, forestalling a British move on that country; Denmark was occupied by April, 1940. Hitler than adopted General Erich von Manstien’s plan for an offensive against France itself, which would move through neutral Belgium’s Ardenne Forest on May 10, taking that country as a matter of convenience, as well as avoiding the static fortifications of France’s Maginot Line. The German forces, extremely successful in their operations, reached the coastal ports on the English Channel in 10 days; Holland and Belgium both surrendered within days. But south of Dunkirk was where the army was ordered to halt. Hitler had hoped even at this stage in the battle that Britain would commit to peace; instead, the halting of the German army allowed the British to remove 170,000 fighting men.

On June 10, Italy entered the war as German tanks were sweeping across northern France. Hitler signed an armistice with France on June 22, the signing taking place in the same rail car at the same site where the Germans surrendered in 1918.

Having failed in getting the British to sign an armistice, Hitler prepared his forces for “Operation Sea Lion,” the invasion of Britain. However, the Luftwaffe was defeated in its attempt to gain air superiority over British airspace, also known as the Battle Of Britain, which forced the permanent postponement of Sealion.

Facing the failure of the British to give in, Hitler started to prepare to double-cross his erstwhile partner in the Poland conquest, Joseph Stalin and the Soviet Union. Then Mussolini invaded Greece, got bogged down in the Balkans, and the threat loomed that he would lose his whole army there. Hitler found it necessary to come to his aid, while at the same time taking direct control of Yugoslavia in the wake of the overthrow of the pro-Nazi government.

==Barbarossa==
The attack on Soviet Russia began June 22, 1941. Rapid in its advancement, the German army captured a large swath of territory between the Baltic and Black seas, and captured close to 3,000,000 prisoners. But Hitler, already micro-managing military operations, became overbearing to his generals; he preferred to go after many targets, while his generals argued for a single objective. A few miles in front of Moscow, the German army was halted by a Russian offensive in December, as well as something he had absolutely no control over: the severe Russian winter.

In the lands already occupied by German forces, S.S. chief Heinrich Himmler was preparing the ground for Hitler’s new German order. Expelling the Jews from Germany was the first step, and this was carried out by laws and decrees beginning in 1933; the Germans would switch to outright force in 1939, as Jews were first deported en-masse to Poland, then walled into ghettos after the occupation began. By 1941, a policy crafted under S.S. general Reinhard Heydrich had changed expulsion for extermination in what was called "a final solution to the Jewish question" (''die Endlösung der Judenfrage''). The system of concentration camps was supplemented by the creation of specialized killing centers in the occupied countries, especially in Poland, where camps such as Auschwitz, Treblinka, Sobibor, and Belzac “processed” thousands of victims daily. Some six million Jews died during what was called the [[Holocaust]], as well as an additional five million Slavs, Gypsies, the handicapped, the aged, and many others that the Nazis considered “subhuman” in accordance with German racial policies.<ref>http://www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/riseofhitler/burns.htm</ref>

==Beginning of the end==
[[Image:Adolf_hitler6.jpg‎ |right|200px|thumb|Hitler in 1944, by now looking tired and strained.]]
Hitler grew increasingly strained by the end of 1942, depending on large amounts of drugs supplied by his physician, Theodor Morell, as a result of the twin defeats of El Alamein (which he lost the bulk of his Afrika corps to British general Montgomery), and Stalingrad (where he lost an entire army of 250,000 men to the Russians). He spent more time in his headquarters in East Prussia, and his time in the public eye ceased to exist. He refused to visit bombed German cities, and, as with Stalingrad, refused to allow German armies to withdraw from the battlefield when the situation was lost. Still, he could make stunning, decisive decisions when called for, such as the commando raid that resulted in the rescue of Benito Mussolini from Italian partisans in July, 1943.

But the defeat of Germany in the war was looming closer. Hitler’s relations with his leading commanders grew strained, the more so as he allowed units of the S.S. to take positions traditionally held by the army. The line at the eastern front was slowly being pushed back by the Soviets, while in the Atlantic his U-boats campaign had faltered. German cities were constantly being bombed, and a successful invasion on the Normandy coast of France in June, 1944 marked the beginning of the end.

===Assassination attempt===
[[Image:NWT Hitler dead.jpg|left|200px|thumb|Hitler's death as covered by the ''New York Times'', May 2, 1945.]]
Seeing Germany’s chances of surviving the war were desperate, a group of officers plotted to assassinate Hitler, planning several attempts in 1943-44, but nearly successful on July 20, 1944, when a bomb hidden in a briefcase by Colonel Claus von Stauffenberg went off under a table that Hitler and others were leaning over; four were killed outright, several suffered injuries, but Hitler escaped relatively unharmed (the bomb itself was set down away from Hitler behind a solid oak table leg, saving him). The conspirators were quickly rounded up; Stauffenberg was shot. The remainder were put on show trials and condemned to hang on meat hooks with piano wire. It was said that Hitler enjoyed watching film of their executions. As a result of the bomb, Nazi members were employed at key positions within the army, removing any trace of the army’s independence.

Within months nearly all of the territory occupied by Germany was now in Allied hands. A last offensive in December, 1944 to take the port of Antwerp, Belgium, failed. Hitler had by them grown ill; his hopes for a German victory bordered on the fantastical and the imagination. By January, 1945 he had moved into his command bunker in Berlin, where he gave orders deploying fictional divisions to counter the ever-closer Soviets. When all seemed lost, he gave out his final orders: first, appointing Admiral Karl Dönitz as head of the state and his successor, and Josef Goebbels as chancellor; and second, dictating his last political will which was an attempt to justify his life’s work.

On April 29, he committed the one truly-chivalrous act of his life: he married Eva Braun, his long-time mistress. After retiring to his room in the bunker the next day, Eva took poison, and Hitler put a bullet in his head. In accordance with his wishes, both bodies were burned. His Third Reich would outlive him for another week.

[[Elie Wiesel]] wrote the following in [[Time Magazine]] regarding Hitler:
{{cquote|Adolf Hitler or the incarnation of absolute evil; this is how future generations will remember the all-powerful Fuehrer of the criminal Third Reich. Compared with him, his peers [[Mussolini]] and [[Franco]] were novices. Under his hypnotic gaze, humanity crossed a threshold from which one could see the abyss. "Before Hitler, we thought we had sounded the depths of human nature," argues Ron Rosenbaum, author of "Explaining Hitler." "He showed how much lower we could go, and that's what was so horrifying. It gets us wondering not just at the depths he showed us but whether there is worse to come. The power of Hitler was to confound the modernist notion that judgments about good and [[evil]] were little more than matters of taste, reflections of social class and power and status. Although some modern scholars drive past the notion of evil and instead explain Hitler's conduct as a reflection of his childhood and self-esteem issues, for most survivors of the 20th century he is confirmation of our instinctive sense that evil does exist. It moves among us; it leads us astray and deploys powerful, subtle weapons against even the sturdiest souls." <ref name="time" />}}

All in all, Hitler survived over forty assassination attempts. The Stauffenburg attempt was the closest anyone ever came to killing Hitler. George Elser, a communist, came very close in 1938, having planted a bomb in a beam that Hitler stood in front of while giving a speech. Luck saved Hitler, as he left the hall early and twelve minutes later the bomb exploded.

== Adolf Hitler and Abortion ==

''For more information see:'' [[Abortion and Adolf Hitler]]

In 1942 Adolf Hitler declared:
{{cquote|In view of the large families of the Slav native population, it could only suit us if girls and women there had as many abortions as possible. We are not interested in seeing the non-[[German]] population multiply…We must use every means to instill in the population the idea that it is harmful to have several children, the expenses that they cause and the dangerous effect on woman's health… It will be necessary to open special institutions for abortions and doctors must be able to help out there in case there is any question of this being a breach of their professional ethics. <ref>http://www.lifesitenews.com/ldn/2007/sep/07090708.html</ref>}}

== External links ==
[[File:Hitler Siegestor Munich Victory Gate.jpg|thumb|Watercolor of the Arch of Triumph in Munich by Hitler.]]
*[http://www.eucontest.org/go.php?pdf=www1.yadvashem.org/odot_pdf/Microsoft%20Word%20-%201994.pdf Extracts From Mein Kampf by Hitler]
*[http://www.hitler.org/writings/Mein_Kampf/ Mein Kampf by Adolf Hitler.] Full text.
*[http://www.snyderstreasures.com/pages/hartworks.htm Adolf Hitler ORIGINAL Watercolor Artworks.]
*[http://constitutionalistnc.tripod.com/hitler-leftist/ Hitler Was a Leftist]

==Further reading==
*[http://www.ushmm.org/research/doctors/medical.htm STATE MEDICAL SERVICES OF THE THIRD REICH], FROM THE OPENING STATEMENT BY TELFORD TAYLOR, Trials of War Criminals before the Nuremberg Military Tribunals under Control Council Law No. 10. Nuremberg, October 1946–April 1949. Washington, D.C.: U.S. G.P.O, 1949–1953.] Retrieved from the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==Sources==
<small>*[http://www.nizkor.org/hweb/people/h/hitler-adolf/oss-papers/text/profile-index.htmlA Psychological Analysis of Adolf Hitler, His Life and Legend], Walter C. Langer, Office of Strategic Services, Washington, D.C.</small>

{{DEFAULTSORT: Hitler, Adolf}}

[[Category:Dictators]]
[[Category:Atheists]]
[[Category:Mass Murderers]]
[[Category:Nazis]]
[[Category:Evolutionists]]
[[Category:Totalitarianism]]
[[Category:Anti-Semitism]]
[[Category:German History]]
[[Category:World War II]]
[[Category:Evolutionary Racists]]
[[Category:Lunatics]]
[[Category:War criminals]]
[[Category:Socialists]]

Third Reich

2013-02-24T21:52:04Z

Dwain: /* Beginnings */

{{Country
|name =''Deutsches Reich''<br/>1933-1945
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|flag =Flag of Nazi Germany.png
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|chancellor-raw = [[Adolf Hitler]] <nowiki>(1933 - 1945)</nowiki><br/>[[Karl Dönitz]] <nowiki>(1945)</nowiki>
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|area =244,706 sq mi
|pop =69,320,000 (est)
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The '''Third Reich''' (German: ''Deutsches Reich'', "German Empire") was the dictatorship of [[Germany]] from 1933-1945 while under the control of the [[Nazi Party]] and its leader, [[Adolf Hitler]]. Quickly consolidating power after his appointment by President [[Paul von Hindenburg]], Hitler pulled the country out of the world-wide depression and transformed it once again into a major [[Europe]]an power; his lust for German territorial expansion at the expense of other countries, beliefs in an Aryan "master race", and a hatred of those considered "sub-human" (primarily the Jews) led to the outbreak of World War II in 1939, which left Germany and much of Europe in ruins and millions of people dead.

In taking over Germany, Hitler believed that he was creating a third German empire, following the [[Holy Roman Empire]] (800-1806) - what he called the [[First Reich]] - and the [[Second Reich]] created by [[Otto von Bismarck]], which lasted 1871-1918.

==Beginnings==
Adolf Hitler was still attached to the German Army in Bavaria after World War I, serving primarily as a gatherer of information on the various political parties which were created as a result of the country's loss in the war. After being assigned to document a small party in Munich known as the ''Deutsche Arbeiterpartei'' ("German Workers' Party" or DAP), he liked what he saw in it and became a member in September 1919; the following year, the party changed its name to the ''National-Sozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei'' ("National Socialist German Workers' Party" or NSDAP). In 1921 Hitler assumed leadership of the NSDAP.

As leader of the NSDAP, Hitler reorganized the party and encouraged the assimilation of other radical right-wing groups. Gangs of unemployed demobilized soldiers were gathered under the command of a former army officer, [[Ernst Röhm]], to form the Storm Troops (''Sturmabteilung'' or SA), Hitler's private army. Under Hitler's leadership, the NSDAP joined with others on the right in denouncing the Weimar Republic and the "November criminals" who had signed the [[Treaty of Versailles]]. The postwar economic slump won the party a following among unemployed ex-soldiers, the lower middle class, and small farmers; in 1923 membership totaled about 55,000. General Erich Ludendorff supported the former corporal in the [[Beer Hall Putsch]] of November 1923 in Munich, an attempt to overthrow the Bavarian government. The putsch failed, and Hitler received a light sentence of five years, of which he served less than one. Incarcerated in relative comfort, he wrote ''Mein Kampf'' (My Struggle), in which he set out his long-term political aims.

After the failure of the putsch, Hitler turned to "legal revolution" as the means to power and chose two parallel paths to take the Nazis to that goal. First, the NSDAP would employ propaganda to create a national mass party capable of coming to power through electoral successes. Second, the party would develop a bureaucratic structure and prepare itself to assume roles in government. Beginning in the mid-1920s, Nazi groups sprang up in other parts of Germany. In 1927 the NSDAP organized the first Nuremberg party congress, a mass political rally. By 1928 party membership exceeded 100,000; the Nazis, however, polled only 2.6 percent of the vote in the Reichstag elections in May.

A mere splinter party in 1928, the NSDAP became better known the following year when it formed an alliance with the DNVP to launch a plebiscite against the Young Plan on the issue of reparations. The DNVP's leader, Alfred Hugenberg, owner of a large newspaper chain, considered Hitler's spellbinding oratory a useful means of attracting votes. The DNVP-NSDAP union brought the NSDAP within the framework of a socially influential coalition of the antirepublican right. As a result, Hitler's party acquired respectability and access to wealthy contributors.

Had it not been for the economic collapse that began with the [[Wall Street]] stock market crash of October 1929, Hitler probably would not have come to power. The [[Great Depression]] hit Germany hard because the German economy's well-being depended on short-term loans from the United States. Once these loans were recalled, Germany was devastated. Unemployment went from 8.5 percent in 1929 to 14 percent in 1930, to 21.9 percent in 1931, and, at its peak, to 29.9 percent in 1932. Compounding the effects of the Depression were the drastic economic measures taken by Center Party politician Heinrich Brüning, who served as chancellor from March 1930 until the end of May 1932. Brüning's budget cuts were designed to cause so much misery that the Allies would excuse Germany from making any further reparations payments. In this at least, Brüning succeeded. United States president [[Herbert Hoover]] declared a "reparations moratorium" in 1932. In the meantime, the Depression deepened, and social discontent intensified to the point that Germany seemed on the verge of civil war.

In times of desperation, voters are ready for extreme solutions, and the NSDAP exploited the situation. Skilled Nazi propagandist Joseph Goebbels launched an intensive media campaign that ceaselessly expounded a few simple notions until even the dullest voter knew Hitler's basic program. The party's program was broad and general enough to appeal to many unemployed people, farmers, white-collar workers, members of the middle class who had been hurt by the Depression or had lost status since the end of World War I, and young people eager to dedicate themselves to nationalist ideals. If voters were not drawn to some aspects of the party platform, they might agree with others. Like other right-wing groups, the party blamed the Treaty of Versailles and reparations for the developing crisis. Nazi propaganda attacked the Weimar political system, the "November criminals," Marxists, internationalists, and Jews. Besides promising a solution to the economic crisis, the NSDAP offered the German people a sense of national pride and the promise of restored order.

Three elections - in September 1930, in July 1932, and in November 1932 - were held between the onset of the Depression and Hitler's appointment as chancellor in January 1933. The vote shares of the SPD and the Center Party fluctuated somewhat yet remained much as they had been in 1928, when the SPD held a large plurality of 153 seats in the Reichstag and the Center Party held sixty-one, third after the DNVP's seventy-three seats. The shares of the parties of the extreme left and extreme right, the KPD and the NSDAP, respectively, increased dramatically in this period, KPD holdings almost doubling from fifty-four in 1928 to 100 in November 1932. The NSDAP's success was even greater. Beginning with twelve seats in 1928, the Nazis increased their delegation seats nearly tenfold, to 107 seats in 1930. They doubled their holdings to 230 in the summer of 1932. This made the NSDAP the largest party in the Reichstag, far surpassing the SPD with its 133 seats. The gains of the NSDAP came at the expense of the other right-wing parties.

Chancellor Brüning was unable to secure parliamentary majorities for his austerity policy, so he ruled by decree, a right given him by President [[Hindenburg]]. Head of the German army during World War I, Hindenburg had been elected president in 1925. Ruling without parliament was a major step in moving away from parliamentary democracy and had the approval of many on the right. Many historians see this development as part of a strategic plan formulated at the time by elements of the conservative establishment to abolish the republic and replace it with an authoritarian regime.

By late May 1932, Hindenburg had found Brüning insufficiently pliable and named a more conservative politician, Franz von Papen, as his successor. After the mid-1932 elections that made the NSDAP Germany's largest party, Papen sought to harness Hitler for the purposes of traditional conservatives by offering him the post of vice chancellor in a new cabinet. Hitler refused this offer, demanding the chancellorship instead.

General Kurt von Schleicher, a master intriguer and a leader of the conservative campaign to abolish the republic, convinced Hindenburg to dismiss Papen. Schleicher formed a new government in December but lost Hindenburg's support within a month. On January 30, 1933, Papen again put together a cabinet, this time with Hitler as chancellor. Papen and other conservatives thought they could tame Hitler by tying him down with the responsibilities of government and transferring to themselves his tremendous popularity with a large portion of the electorate. But they proved no match for his ruthlessness and his genius at knowing how - and when - to seize power. Within two months, Hitler had dictatorial control over Germany.

===The Reichstag and Its Aftermath===
On February 27, 1933, the [[Reichstag]] in [[Berlin]] was destroyed in a fire that had plainly been deliberately set. Exactly who set the fire remains a question never fully resolved. Most contemporary observers both in and outside of Germany blamed and still blame the Nazis themselves, though Shirer admits in The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich that “The whole truth about the Reichstag Fire will probably never be known.” <ref>The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich, Book Two, “Triumph and Consolidation.” William Shirer</ref>

Hitler and his followers lost no time in blaming the arson on the Communists. “This is the beginning of the Communist revolution,” declared Goering as he watched fire consume the building. Hitler himself told Gestapo Chief Diels that “The German Volk will have no sympathy with lenience. Every communist official will be shot where he is found. The communist deputies must be hanged this night. Everything connected with the communists is be settled – no more indulgence will be shown the social democrats or the Reichsbanner.” <ref>The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich, Book Two, “Triumph and Consolidation.” William Shirer</ref>

A day later a “defensive measure against Communist acts of violence endangering the state” was passed:

<blockquote>
“Restrictions on personal liberty, on the right of free expression of opinion, including freedom of the press; on the rights of assembly and association; and violations of the privacy of postal, telegraphic and telephonic communications; and warrants for house searchers, orders for confiscations as well as restrictions on property, are also permissible beyond the legal limits otherwise prescribed.”
</blockquote> <ref>The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich, Book Two, “Triumph and Consolidation.” William Shirer</ref>

Thus, the first taste of Nazi state [[terror]] was rendered “legal,” as over the next week [[Brownshirts]] took into “protective custody” several thousand Communist officials and many Social Democrats and liberals. These prisoners, often snatched from their homes and off the streets, were loaded onto trucks and carried off to SA barracks and hastily set up prisons where many of them were held, [[torture]]d and killed without the formality of a hearing or trial. The rationale for these drastic measures, Hitler’s government insisted, was the dire threat posed by the communist menace. The same day as the “defensive measure” was passed, the government declared that documents had been uncovered revealing a Communist plot (these documents were never actually produced):

“”The burning of the Reichstag was to be the signal for a bloody insurrection and civil war…it was ascertained that today was to have seen throughout Germany terrorist acts against individual persons, against private property, and against the life and limb of the peaceful population, and also the beginning of general civil war.”

[[Goering]] announced just a few days after the fire, “my measures will not be crippled by any judicial thinking…I don’t have to worry about justice! My mission is to destroy and exterminate, nothing more!” <ref>The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich, Book Two, “Triumph and Consolidation.” William Shirer</ref>

==The Consolidation of Power==
[[File:Early-leaders-of-the-nazi-party-full.jpg|thumb|left|250px| Early leaders of the Third Reich]]
The election of March 5 was the last held in Germany until after World War II. Although opposition parties were severely harassed, the NSDAP won only 43.9 percent of the vote. Nonetheless, with the help of political allies, Hitler presented the Reichstag with the proposal for an Enabling Act that, if passed by a two-thirds majority, would allow him to govern without parliament for four years. On March 23, the proposal was passed with the support of the Center Party and others. All Communists and some Social Democrats were prevented from voting.

Hitler used the Enabling Act to implement ''Gleichschaltung'' (synchronization), that is, the policy of subordinating all institutions and organizations to Nazi control. First, left-wing political parties were banned; then, in July 1933, Germany was declared a one-party state. The civil service and judiciary were purged of "non-Aryans" (Jews) and leftists. Local and state governments were reorganized and staffed with Nazis. Trade unions were dissolved and replaced with Nazi organizations. Even the NSDAP was purged of its social-revolutionary wing, the SA. The enormous and unruly SA was brought under control by a [[massacre]] of its leadership which took place between June 30 and July 2, 1934 in what became known as the "Night of the Long Knives". Other opponents were also killed during this purge, among them Schleicher. After Hindenburg's death in early August 1934, Hitler combined the offices of the president and the chancellor. With the SA tamed, Hitler assured the army that he regarded it as Germany's military force, and the soldiers swore an oath of personal allegiance to Hitler, pledging unconditional obedience. [[Heinrich Himmler]]'s guard detachment, the (''Schutzstaffel'') or SS replaced the SA as Hitler's private army.

====Beginnings of Genocide====
[[File:Aprilboykott.jpg|right|thumb|250px| Boycott of Jewish businesses]]
Once the regime was established, terror was the principal means used to maintain its control of Germany. Police arrests, which had focused originally on Communists and Socialists, were extended to other groups, most particularly to Jews. This systematic use of terror was highly effective in silencing resistance. Some enemies of the regime fled abroad. However, all but a tiny minority of those opposed to Hitler resigned themselves to suppressing their opinions in public and hoping for the regime's eventual demise.

Like its secular institutions, Germany's churches were subjected to Nazi pressure. They resisted incorporation into the regime and retained a substantial degree of independence. This situation was tolerated by the regime, provided that the churches did not interfere with its efforts to control public life. When the churches were outraged by such Nazi practices as euthanasia and sterilization, they protested. The regime responded by more carefully concealing such medical procedures. Otherwise, with the exception of a few brave clergymen, the churches rarely spoke out against the regime. The regime's chief victims--Jews, [[Communist]]s, [[Socialist]]s, labor leaders, and writers--generally had not been close to the churches, and their persecution was witnessed in silence.

Joseph Goebbels, the minister of propaganda, contributed to the regime's consolidation with the establishment of the (''Reichskulturkammer'') Reich Cultural Chamber, which extended ''Gleichschaltung'' to the educational system, the radio, and the cultural institutions. However, an elaborate system of censorship was not considered necessary to control the press. Non-Nazi party newspapers had already been suppressed. The editors of the remaining newspapers soon were able to figure out what was deemed suitable for public consumption. Goebbels also took an interest in Germany's substantial film industry, pressuring it to make pleasant, amusing films that would distract the German public in its leisure hours.

The regime soon achieved its desired consolidation. Many Germans supported it, some out of opportunism, some because they liked certain aspects of it such as full employment, which was quickly achieved. The regime also brought social order, something many Germans welcomed after fifteen years of political and economic chaos. Many were won over by Hitler's diplomatic successes, which began soon after he came to power and continued through the 1930s and which seemed to restore Germany to what they saw as its rightful place in the international community.

When Germany annexed Austria in March, 1938, the deliberate harassment and humiliation of individual Austrian Jews by Nazis was a public spectacle. “I was given a bucket of boiling water,” wrote Morris Fleischman, a Jewish survivor of that era, “and I was told to clean the steps. I lay down on my stomach and began to clean the pavement. It turned out that the bucket was half-full of acid and this burned my hands.” Martin Gilbert, author of The Holocaust: A History of the Jews of Europe During the Second World War, observes that “Dozens of passersby also watched these scenes of humiliation, laughing and mocking as Jews, having been forced to put their sacred prayer bands on their arms, were then made to clean unflushed lavatory bowls…The Germans who carried out the atrocities had already become corrupted by their tasks; laughing when inflicting pain and drawing in passersby to laugh with them. Gradually entire populations became immune to feelings of outrage, and learned to shun compassion.” <ref>The Holocaust: A History of the Jews of Europe During the Second World War, Martin Gilbert, Chapter 5, “Hunted Like Rats.”</ref>

In November of 1938, a young Jewish man distraught over the deportation of his family, assassinated Ernst Vom Rath, a German diplomat in Paris. The result was November 9th, 1938, a night that would afterwards be known as ''Kristalnacht'', a reference to the amount of broken glass littering the streets afterwards. Jewish homes in Germany were ransacked, Synagogues burned, Jews chased down and beaten to death. More than 30,000 Jews were sent to concentration camps. The German government responded by charging the Jewish community for the damage and a few days later, barring all Jewish children from German Schools. Some 35,000 Jews were arrested.

==Foreign Policy==
[[File:Monetary-Coin Nazi.jpg|right]]
Once his regime was consolidated, Hitler took little interest in domestic policy, his sole concern being that Germany become sufficiently strong to realize his long-term geopolitical goal of creating a German empire that would dominate western Europe and extend deep into Russia. In a first step toward this goal, he made a de facto revision to the Treaty of Versailles by ceasing to heed its restrictions on German rearmament. Soon after becoming chancellor, Hitler ordered that rearmament, secretly under way since the early 1920s, be stepped up. Later in 1933, he withdrew Germany from the League of Nations to reduce possible foreign control over Germany. In 1935 he announced that Germany had begun rearmament, would greatly increase the size of its army, and had established an air force. Italy, France, and Britain protested these actions but did nothing further, and Hitler soon signed an agreement with Britain permitting Germany to maintain a navy one-third the size of the British fleet. In 1936 Hitler remilitarized the Rhineland, in violation of various treaties. There was no foreign opposition.

In 1936 Germany began closer relations with fascist [[Italy]], a pariah state because of its invasion of Ethiopia the year before. The two antidemocratic states joined together to assist General Francisco Franco in overthrowing Spain's republican government during the Spanish Civil War (1936-39). In November 1936, Germany and Italy formed the Berlin-Rome Axis. That same year, Germany, Italy, and Japan signed the Anti-Comintern Pact, the three signatories pledging to defend each other against the Soviet Union and international communism.

It was also in 1936 that Hitler informed the regime's top officials that Germany must be ready for war by 1940. In response, the Four-Year Plan was established. Developed under the direction of Hermann Goering, it set forth production quotas and market guidelines. Efforts to regiment the economy were not without conflict. Some of the economic elite desired that Germany be integrated into the world's economy. Others advocated autarchy, that is, firmly basing the German economy in Central Europe and securing its raw materials through barter agreements.

In the end, no clear decision on the management of the German economy was made. Large weapons contracts with industrial firms soon had the economy running at top speed, and full employment was reached by 1937. Wages did not increase much for ordinary workers, but job security after years of economic depression was much appreciated. The rearmament program was not placed on a sound financial footing, however. Taxes were not increased to pay for it because the regime feared that this would dissatisfy workers. Instead, the regime tapped the country's foreign reserves, which were largely exhausted by 1939. The regime also shunned a rigorous organization of rearmament because it feared the social tensions this might engender. The production of consumer goods was not curtailed either, again based on the belief that the morale of the population had to remain high if Germany were to become strong. In addition, because Hitler expected that the wars waged in pursuit of his foreign policy goals would be short, he judged great supplies of weapons to be unnecessary. Thus, when war began in September 1939 with the invasion of Poland, Germany had a broad and impressive range of weapons, but not much in the way of replacements. As in World War I, the regime expected that the defeated would pay for Germany's expansion.

Through 1937 Hitler's foreign policy had the approval of traditional conservatives. However, because many of them were skeptical about his long-range goals, Hitler replaced a number of high military officers and diplomats with more pliable subordinates. In March 1938, the German army was permitted to occupy Austria by that country's browbeaten political leadership. The annexation (Anschluss) of Austria was welcomed by most Austrians, who wished to become part of a greater Germany, something forbidden by the Treaty of Versailles. In September 1938, British prime minister Neville Chamberlain consented to Hitler's desire to take possession of the Sudetenland, an area in Czechoslovakia bordering Germany that was inhabited by about 3 million Germans. In March 1939, Germany occupied the Czech-populated western provinces of Bohemia and Moravia, and Slovakia was made a German puppet state.

Immediately after the German occupation of Bohemia and Moravia, Britain and France finally became convinced of Hitler's expansionist objectives and announced their intention to defend the sovereignty of Poland. Because Hitler had concluded that he could not hope for British neutrality in the coming war, he formed a formal military alliance with Italy known as the [[Pact of Steel]]. In August he signed a nonaggression pact with the Soviet Union, thus apparently freeing Germany from repeating the two-front war it had fought in World War I.

==World War II==
On September 1, 1939, German troops invaded Poland. [[Britain]] and France declared war on Germany two days later. By the end of the month, Hitler's armies had overrun western [[Poland]]. Soviet armies occupied eastern Poland, and the two countries subsequently formally divided Poland between them. In April 1940, German forces conquered Denmark and Norway, and in May they struck at the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, and [[France]]. French and British troops offered ineffective resistance against the lightning-like strikes, or blitzkrieg, of German tanks and airplanes. A large part of the French army surrendered, and some 300,000 British and French soldiers were trapped at Dunkirk on the coast of northern France. However, because Hitler, for a combination of political and military reasons, had halted the advance of his armored divisions, the British were able to rescue the men at Dunkirk. France, however, surrendered in June.

For Hitler the war in the west was a sideshow, a prelude to the building of an empire in eastern Europe and the Soviet Union. Hitler had hoped that Britain would stay out of the war. In his vision of the near future, he foresaw the two countries sharing the world between them--Britain would keep its overseas empire, and Germany would construct a new one to its east. When approached with the suggestion of a separate peace, British prime minister Winston Churchill rejected the offer and rallied his people to fight on.The Third Reich experienced its first military defeat in the [[Battle of Britain]], in which the [[Royal Air Force]], during the summer and fall of 1940, prevented the German air force from gaining the air superiority necessary for an invasion of Britain. Consequently, Hitler postponed the invasion.

Hitler concluded by June 1941 that Britain's continuing resistance was not a serious impediment to his main geopolitical goal of creating an empire extending east from Germany deep into the Soviet Union. On June 22, 1941, negating their 1939 nonaggression pact, Germany invaded the Soviet Union. Eagerness to realize his long-held dream caused Hitler to gamble everything on a quick military campaign. He had anticipated victory within three months, but effective Soviet resistance and the early onset of winter stopped German advances. A counteroffensive, launched in early 1942, drove the Germans back from Moscow. In the summer of 1942, Hitler shifted the attack to the south of the Soviet Union and began a large offensive to secure the Caucasian oil fields. By September 1942, the Axis controlled an area extending from northern Norway to North Africa and from France to Stalingrad.

Japan's attack on the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, brought the [[United States]] into the war. In support of Germany's fellow Axis power, Hitler immediately declared war on the United States. But with the United States involvement, a coalition now existed that, with its vast human and material resources, was almost certain to defeat the Third Reich. To ensure that the alliance not break apart as had happened in 1918 when Russia signed a truce with Germany, the Allies swore to fight Germany until an unconditional surrender was secured. Another reason the Allies wanted the complete military defeat of Germany was that they wished to preclude any possibility of German politicians claiming that "a stab in the back" had caused Germany's undoing, as they had done after World War I.

The military turning point of the war in Europe came with the Soviet victory at Stalingrad in the winter of 1942-43; some 300,000 of Germany's finest troops were either killed or captured. By May 1943, Allied armies had driven the Axis forces out of Africa and had landed in Italy. Also of great importance, by 1943 the United States and British navies had succeeded in substantially reducing the German submarine threat to shipping. This cleared the way for the movement of arms and troops to Britain in preparation for a cross-channel invasion of France.

===Total Mobilization and Resistance===

Once it became clear that the war would not be a short one, Germany's industry was reorganized for a total mobilization. Between February 1942 and July 1944, armaments production increased threefold despite intense Allied bombing raids. Much of the labor for this increase came from the employment of some 7 million foreigners, taken from their homelands and forced to work under terrible conditions. Also contributing to the Nazi war effort was the systematic requisitioning of raw materials and food from occupied territories. As a result, Germans remained fairly well fed for most of the war, in contrast to the hunger endured during World War I.

Despite their comparative physical well-being until late in the war, it gradually became clear to many Germans that the regime's series of military triumphs had come to an end. Even the most intense, mendacious propaganda could not conceal that Germany's forces were being beaten back. Sharing this growing awareness that defeat was likely, a group of military officers decided to assassinate Hitler. Although elements of the military had long opposed him, no one had acted to this point. During 1943 and 1944, the conspirators, who included many high-ranking officers and numerous prominent civilians, worked out elaborate plans for seizing power after the dictator's death. On June 20, 1944, the conspirators ignited a bomb that would probably have killed Hitler except for a stroke of bad luck--the misplacement of the device under a conference room table. The regime struck back and after months of reprisals had killed several thousand people, among them one field marshal and twenty-two generals. Several earlier attempts on Hitler's life had also failed. Because of these failures, it would be up to the Allies to remove Hitler and his regime from power.

==The [[Holocaust]]==
As much of Europe [[Germany]] had been anti-Semitic for centuries, but in the years immediately preceding Third Reich it had in fact been considered a good place, even a refuge for Jews, who in Germany had been “emancipated,” i.e, granted most of the same rights as gentile citizens, in the 19th century. The formation of the [[Weimar Republic]] in 1918 eliminated any remaining restrictions and German Jews could now act as complete citizens in German Civic life. <ref>Yadvashem Website Mhttp://www1.yadvashem.org/download/education/units/crystal_2.pdf</ref>

As [[Jewish]] artists, writers, politicians and civil servants became more visible, however, anti-semitism became more virulent, and the Nazis were able to tap into the resentment that inevitably rises to the surface when members of a minority group begin to make strides in fields that had formerly been closed to them.

Anti-Semitism was one of the Third Reich's most faithfully executed policies. Hitler saw the Jews' existence as inimical to the well-being of the German race. In his youth in Vienna, he had come to believe in a social Darwinist, life-or-death struggle of the races, with that between the German race and the Jews being the most savage. Because of his adherence to these racist notions, he dreamed of creating a German empire completely free of Jews, believing that if the Jewish "bacillus" were permitted to remain within the Teutonic empire, the empire would become corrupted and fail.

The violence of Hitler’s anti-Semitism can be measured in a disturbingly prescient quote from Mein Kampf:
<blockquote>
“If at the beginning of the War and during the War twelve or fifteen thousand of these Hebrew corrupters of the people had been held under poison gas, as happened to hundreds of thousands of our very best German workers in the field, the sacrifice of millions at the front would not have been in vain.” <ref>Mein Kampf, http://www.hitler.org/writings/Mein_Kampf/mkv2ch15.html</ref>
</blockquote>

Upon taking power, the Nazis began immediately to rid Germany of its Jewish citizens. In the Aryan Paragraph of 1933, the regime decreed that Jews could not hold civil service positions. The Nuremberg Laws of 1935 deprived Jews of the right to citizenship and restricted relationships between "Aryans" (racially pure Germans) and Jews. After the Kristallnacht (Crystal Night) of November 9, 1938, an organized act of violence perpetrated by Nazis against Jews in all parts of Germany, the persecution of Jews entered a new phase. Random acts of violence, by then commonplace, were replaced by the systematic isolation of the Jewish population in Germany, which had numbered about 600,000 in the early 1930s.

Much of the groundwork for selling the mass murder of Jews to average [[German]]s was laid by [[Julius Streicher]], whose newspaper, ''Der Sturmer'', offered a heady cocktail of simple-minded hatred, malice, and slander against Jews and anyone perceived as having sympathy for the Jews. While many educated Germans, even educated Nazis, considered Streicher a joke, the dehumanizing language he popularized helped to inure Germans to the increasingly draconian legal measures against the Jewish population. Streicher’s rhetoric presumed that Jews were inherently and unalterably evil, and flatly rejected the concept of the Jew as a human being like other human beings. “His blood,” Streicher wrote, “carries not honor and honesty, rather criminality, fraud, hypocrisy, lies, the lust for defilement, and the lust for murder…a race that has drives toward the unnatural and toward criminality cannot recognize natural moral laws.” [[Heinrich Himmler]], the man who oversaw the genocidal policies of the Third Reich, said of Streicher, “"In times to come when the story of the reawakening of the German people is written, and when the next generation will be unable to understand how the German people could ever have been friendly with the Jews, it will be said that Julius Streicher and his weekly newspaper were responsible for a good part of the education about the enemy of mankind."

As Streicher whipped up Hitler’s base of the uneducated and fearful, Hitler’s propaganda Minister, [[Joseph Goebbels]] offered a steady diet of smooth vindictiveness for those Germans too well informed to accept at face value Streicher’s wild tales of Jewish seduction and human sacrifice. Their stance was typically that any suffering the Jews endure at the hands of Germans was the responsibility of the Jews themselves, that the passage of laws restricting Jewish participation in public life was in fact an effort to protect Jews from the righteous indignation of an injured populace:

“One cannot make sense of this situation without understanding the significance of the racial or Jewish Question,” Goebbels declared in his speech at the first Nuremberg rally following Hitler’s takeover, “….The National Socialist government also cannot ignore it. Our laws suffer hard and often unjustified criticism abroad, above all from International Jewry itself. But one should not forget that dealing with the Jewish Question through legal means was the best approach. Or should the government have followed the principles of democracy and majority rule and let the people themselves solve the problem?” <ref>Nuremberg Speech, Joseph Goebbels, http://www.calvin.edu/academic/cas/gpa/goeb41.html.</ref>

Six years later, Hitler declared: ".. if the international Jewish financiers in and outside [[Europe]] should succeed in plunging the nations once more into a world war, then the result will not be the Bolshevizing of the earth, and thus the victory of Jewry, but the annihilation of the Jewish race in Europe!" <ref>Adolf Hitler, Reichstag Speech, January 30,1939, http://www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/holocaust/h-threat.htm</ref>

Following the Reichstag fire, Jews were frequently singled out for abuse along with the Communists and Social Democrats who were being rounded up. For the first three months that year, most of the abuse Jewish Germans faced was brutal but still of a relatively informal nature, cases of brownshirted rowdies vandalizing Jewish homes and attacking Jews on the street while the authorities looked away. This changed on April 1, 1933, with the Nazi boycott of Jewish businesses. Shop front windows were painted with the word “Jude” and SA men were stationed at the doors to warn people away, or to take note of those who defied the boycott and went in. From then on, Jews within the Reich faced a steady erosion of legal rights.

On April 7, all Jewish Civil servants were forcibly “retired.“ On April 11, Jews were legally deemed a separate class in Germany with a decree defining as a “non Aryan” "anyone descended from non-Aryan, especially Jewish, parents or grandparents. One parent or grandparent classifies the descendant as non-Aryan...especially if one parent or grandparent was of the Jewish faith." By the end of that year, Jews were excluded from the Reich Chamber of culture, could not act as newspaper editors and could not own land. By the end of the following year, Jews could not participate in the German Labor Front or national health insurance, and could not get legal qualifications. By 1938, Jews could not serve in the military, could not teach Germans or work as accountants and dentists, and were denied tax deductions and child allowances. They could not marry “Aryans.” They could not display the German flag. <ref>History Place Holocaust Timeline http://www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/holocaust/timeline.html</ref>
Until 1941 there had been plans to "cleanse" Germany of Jews by gathering them together and expelling them from the Reich. One plan had as its goal the transfer of Germany's Jews to Madagascar. A contingent of Jews had even been moved to southern France in preparation. However, wartime conditions and the presence of millions of Jews in Poland, the Soviet Union, and other occupied areas in Eastern Europe gradually led to the adoption of another plan: the systematic extermination of all Jews who came under German control. Techniques that had been developed for the regime's euthanasia program came to be used against Jews. Discussions in January 1942 at the Wannsee Conference on the outskirts of Berlin led to the improved organization and coordination of the program of genocide.

Following that conference, the killing became organized. Jewish populations within the Reich were separated from the general population into horribly overcrowded ghettos, 365 of which were set up in Poland, the [[Soviet Union]], the Baltic States, Czechoslovakia, Romania and Hungary. The most famous of these were the Lodz and Warsaw ghettos. <ref>http://www.fcit.usf.edu/Holocaust/timeline/ghettos.html.</ref> Those ghetto residents who did not die from malnutrition or disease were eventually “deported” to concentration and extermination camps. Extermination camps, which existed primarily for the execution of inmates, included Auschwitz-Birkenau, Treblinka, and Sobibór. The primary method of killing in these camps was through poison gas, though beatings, hangings, and lethal injection were also used. In addition, the Nazis used Einsatzgruppen, mobile squads operating in the Soviet Union who would typically round up Jews in Nazi occupied areas, herd them into remote areas, and shoot them en masse. These were discontinued in 1942 in lieu of the death camps. <ref>http://www.fcit.usf.edu/Holocaust/timeline/camps.htm</ref>

It is currently estimated that roughly 6 million Jews died at the hands of the Third Reich, along with roughly 5 million victims that included homosexuals, Communists, Roma, Sinti, and political opponents of the regime. The methodical murder of Jews did not actually end until 1945, when the camps were liberated by Allied Troops.
[[File:Ike_at_Ordruf.jpg|250px|right|thumb| Nazi concentration camp]]
==Defeat==
In June 1944, American, British, and Canadian forces invaded France, driving the Germans back and liberating Paris by August. A German counteroffensive in the Ardennes began in late December was beaten back after heavy fighting in what became known as the Battle of the Bulge. Soviet troops, meanwhile, advanced from the east. Western forces reached the Rhine River in March 1945; simultaneously, Soviet armies overran most of Czechoslovakia and pressed on toward Berlin. Although faced with certain defeat, Hitler insisted that every German city, every village, and "every square meter" be defended or left behind as "scorched earth." The Western Allies and the Soviet forces made their first contact, in Saxony, on April 27. Three days later, Hitler committed suicide in his Berlin bunker. Berlin fell to the Soviet forces on May 2; on May 7, the Third Reich surrendered unconditionally. It is estimated that about 55 million people died in the European theater during World War II. About 8 million of these dead were German.

== See also ==
* [[Adolf Hitler]]
* [[Nazi Party]]
* [[World War II]]

== External links ==

*[http://www.hitler.org/writings/last_testament/ My political testament.] ADOLF HITLER.

== References ==
<references/>

[[category: European History]]
[[Category:World War II]]
[[Category:German History]]
[[Category:Holocaust]]
[[Category:Political Parties]]
[[Category:Fascist States]]
[[Category:Nazis]]
[[Category:Anti-Semitism]]

Heinrich Himmler

2013-02-24T21:51:27Z

Dwain: /* Background */

[[Image:Himmler.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Heinrich Himmler]]
'''Heinrich Himmler''' (1900-1945), German Nazi Party leader, head of the Schutzstaffel ([[SS]]) troops and of the dreaded [[Gestapo]] (Secret state police). Starting from a junior position in the SS, by 1941 he was the second most powerful Nazi and designed many of the [[National Socialist]] programs. His loyalty to Hitler (until near the end), combined with his organizational skills, ambition, and his sadistic nature, made him one of the most notorious war criminals of [[World War II]]. As chief of police for all of Germany, Himmler was responsible for establishing concentration camps and death camps. Himmler oversaw the [[Holocaust]], the mass murder of 6 million Jews. During the war he built up the military strength of his SS, which became a de facto fourth branch of the German military. After Hitler dismissed him from all his offices in April 1945, Himmler was captured at war's end by the British Army. However, he committed suicide before the Allies could put him on trial for war crimes at the [[Nuremberg Trials]].

==Background==
Himmler was born near Munich on October 7, 1900. His father Gebhard Himmler was a teacher and his mother a Roman Catholic. Himmler was the middle child of the family. He had an older brother, Gebhard (born 1898) and a younger brother, Ernst (born 1905).

A leading psychohistorian, UCLA Professor Peter Loewenberg, has attempted a retrospective psychoanalysis of Himmler's childhood and youth, using his diaries, shows him to have been systematic, rigid, controlled, and blocked of affect. His character structure was of the obsessive-compulsive schizoid type, meaning withdrawn emotionally from the external world and existing in a repressed internal psychic world. He used his diary to guard against feelings rather than to express them. The period 1919-22 was marked by acute identity diffusion. His sexual, social, vocational, and religious identities were in flux. The diary shows gender role confusion, a desire to emigrate from Germany, vacillation between animal husbandry and a bourgeois vocation, and strong conflict on the issue of dueling, which contravened his Roman Catholic faith. Himmler, as an adolescent, was a conventional rather than pathological anti-Semite. He acquired virulent anti-Semitism after 1919 because of his identification with nationalistic xenophobic paramilitary groups. He joined the Nazi Party in 1923 and the SS in 1925. Himmler became a professional bureaucrat par excellence. As Reichsführer-SS, he carried out the most sadistic orders without any show of feeling. Thus the flat, cold, emotionally colorless, adolescent Himmler became a writing desk murderer as an adult - a consistency that relates the child to the man.<ref>Peter J. Loewenberg, "The Unsuccessful Adolescence of Heinrich Himmler." ''American Historical Review'' 1971 76(3): 612-641. Issn: 0002-8762 [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0002-8762(197106)76%3A3%3C612%3ATUAOHH%3E2.0.CO%3B2-D Fulltext: in Jstor] and Werner T. Angress and Bradley F. Smith, "Diaries of Heinrich Himmler's Early Years." ''Journal of Modern History'' 1959 31(3): 206-224. Issn: 0022-2801 [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0022-2801(195909)31%3A3%3C206%3ADOHHEY%3E2.0.CO%3B2-%23 Fulltext: in Jstor ]</ref><ref>Weale, (2010)</ref>

He attended the Technical College in Munich and enlisted with the reserve battalion of the Eleventh Bavarian Infantry Regiment in late 1917. He served during [[World War I]] as a clerk and was disappointed he did not see any combat service before the war ended in November 1918. He joined the ranks of a nationalistic paramilitary group known as the Reichskriegsflagge (Imperial War Flag) in 1919. Its leader was future chief of the Nazi SA storm troopers, [[Ernst Röhm]]. This paramilitary group was closely affiliated with the Nazi Party. Himmler also joined the Nazi Party in August 1923. He took part in the Beer Hall Putsch of November 1923. After the failure of the Putsch to seize power, Himmler returned home after losing his job over taking part in the event. Soon after, he became a propaganda assistant in the Nazi Party, serving under Gregor Strasser in Bavaria. He then was promoted to being charge of the party office in the area. In 1925, Himmler joined the SS and by January 1929 he was appointed the fourth leader of the SS. He went on to become its longest and most influential leader. By the time he took over, it was made up of only 280 men and considered an elite bodyguard.<ref>Weale, (2010); Gerwarth (2011)</ref>

==Third Reich: 1933-39==
Himmler proved the most successful empire-builder in the Nazi movement, enlarging his powers and range of activity every year.
===Gestapo chief===
When Hitler came to power in January 1933, Himmler controlled the 50,000-man "Protection Squad" or "Schutzstaffel", called the SS. In March Himmler became the Polizeipräsident in Munich. In late 1933 the political police in Prussia were made the "Preussiche Geheime Staatspolizei" (the [[Gestapo]]), under the control of the Prussian Ministry of Interior, [[Hermann Goering]] and not yet under Himmler. In 1933-34, Himmler and Heydrich took over the political police departments in each German state until only Prussia was left. On April 20, 1934, Goering handed over the Gestapo to Himmler. He appointed SD chief [[Reinhard Heydrich]], his second in command, the director of the Gestapo. On June 17, 1936, Hitler appointed Himmler chief of German police in the Ministry of Interior; he formed the (Sicherheitspolizei or SiPo) (the security police). The SiPo was made up of two sub-branches, the Kriminalpolizei (national criminal police) and the Gestapo, under Heydrich's overall command. The first official concentration camp was set up by Himmler in March 1933. By 1936 Himmler's SS opened 17 concentration camps for political prisoners (these were different from the death camps opened after 1941).<ref>Evans (2005), pp. 50-55, 84; Burleigh (2000), pp. 178-97</ref><ref>McNab (2009)</ref>

At first Ernst Röhm's SA ("brownshirts"), with 2.9 million members, was much larger and more powerful part of the Nazi party than Himmler's SS ("blackshirts"). That suddenly changed in June 1934 as a result of a power struggle between the SA, which had a more radical vision than Hitler would tolerate, and a coalition of Himmler, Göring, the army and big business. The army feared the SA would absorb it into its ranks or become a people's army. Himmler and Heydrich prepared the list of Röhm's associates who were executed or imprisoned in the "Night of Long Knives" which took place between June 30 and July 2, 1934. Himmler and his SS gained enormously; the SS was now its own branch and Himmler reported only to Hitler.<Ref>The SA lost most of its members and all of its power. Evans (2005), pp. 31-41; Kershaw (1998) 1: pp. 499-522</ref><ref>Weale, (2010); Gerwarth (2011)</ref>

===SS finances===
Himmler created a powerful "state within a state" as the the SS acquired more than forty businesses with some 150 plants and factories. Together with money and valuables seized from Jews they paid for the Holocaust and financed the training and equipping of 38 SS divisions.

At first Himmler's SS was underfunded because his enemies in the party controlled the money. As late as 1938, only 3,500 of 14,000 SS officers received monthly pay; the rest were volunteers. Himmler turned to the concentration camps--not yet killing camps--to raise money. Prisoners could be ransomed for a large sum; others had to pay for their keep. Factories were set up in the camps as the prisoners became slave laborers for commercial enterprises owned by the SS. For example the Gesellschaft fur Textil- und Lederverwertung GmbH (Society for Textile and Leather Work, Ltd.), in Ravensbruck, the women's concentration camp, produced uniforms.<ref>Goldin (1998)</ref> The possessions were salvaged and resold from the Jews who were killed in the gas chambers. SS officials took bribes from Jews and employers of Jews.

==War years==
In 1943 Himmler was appointed Minister of the Interior and strengthened his grip on the civil service and the courts. The SS grew rapidly as Himmler sought a new human type, men keeping their various professional competences but each becoming a part of the intricate fabric of the SS. To its police activities the SS added protection of the German Volk in Poland and elsewhere, their "blood" and their unity, and also the protection of the Nazi leadership. For Himmler the paradoxical mystical motif of his understanding was the SS's great struggle against what Himmler called the two pillars of evil, the Jews and the Slavs.

===Holocaust===
On January 20, 1942, [[Reinhard Heydrich]], Himmler's second-in-command, chaired the [[Wannsee Conference]] to plan the systematic roundup and execution of all Jews the Nazis could reach. The Conference ensured inter-agency co-operation and set strategy and financing. Among Heydrich's directives, [[Adolf Eichmann]], chief of Gestapo IVB4, the SS's Jewish office, was charged with arranging deportation financing. Eichmann forced Jews into paying for their own deportation. In February 1942 Himmler and another aide Oswald Pohl reorganized SS administrative and economic offices to form the SS Wirtschaft-und Verwaltungshauptamt (Economic and Administrative Head Office, or WVHA). The Inspectorate of Concentration Camp became part of the WVHA, and Himmler promoted Pohl to Obergruppenfuhrer und General der Waffen-SS, making him the third highest-ranking officer in the SS. Eighteen weeks after Wannsee, a Czechoslovak commando team with British support assassinated Heydrich, advancing Pohl to the second slot under Himmler. Meanwhile Himmler had special powers in Poland, where he feuded with the official supposedly in charge Hans Frank.<ref>Burleigh (2000), pp. 454, 646-51</ref>

===Waffen-SS in combat===
Himmler had dreams of his own army, which were strenuously opposed by the regular army. He managed to field three division of the '''Waffen-SS''' on the eastern front in 1941-42; their ferocity impressed Hitler and the SS was allowed to recruit volunteers directly from devoted Nazi youth groups. The Wehrmacht, however, intensely disliked the SS troops, so Himmler had to use his negotiating skills directly with Hitler to remove his SS formations from army control. The compromise was that SS generals took orders from the army, and in turn commanded their own SS troops.<ref> Burleigh 438ff </ref> By the end of the war, Himmler's SS supplied 38 Waffen-SS divisions comprising volunteers from the [[Hitler Youth]] and from other countries across Europe. The Waffen-SS was noted for its fanaticism, brutality, and war crimes.

In July 1944, after the failed army plot against Hitler's life, Himmler reached the apex of his power. With the added position of Commander in Chief of the German Home Forces, he became on paper, the most powerful man in Germany, rivaling in many aspects the power of Hitler.<ref>Padfield (1990)</ref>

==Finale==
As the Allied forces penetrated into Germany from east and west, Himmler opened negotiations for a separate peace with the U.S. and Britain. This move failed, however, and Himmler fled in disguise as Hitler disowned him. On May 21, 1945, Himmler, disguised as an injured German soldier, was captured by the British. Two days later, Himmler went to the British commander, removed his eyepatch, and told them who he was. He then commited suicide using a concealed vial of poison; a sensible course of action, as he would certainly have been executed after the Nuremburg trials for his actions.

There are no monuments, and indeed everything he built was systematically eradicated.

==Commentary==
Himmler was one of the most sinister of all the Nazi leaders. Millions were killed by men under his command.
*[He was] meticulous, calculating and efficient, [with an] astonishing capacity for work and irrepressible power-lust. [http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/himmler.html]

Hitler depended upon Himmler's loyalty up to nearly the end when it was discovered Himmler was negotiating with the Western Powers. <ref> [https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/csi-studies/studies/vol46no1/article04.html Reichsführer Himmler Pitches Washington] Sweden, John H. Waller, Studies in Intelligence, CSI Publications, Unclassified Studies Volume 46, Number 1, 2002.</ref> [[Friedrich Hayek]], an Austrian economist, in a chapter entitled "Why the worst get on top" of his contemporaneous ''Road to Serfdom'' observed "Advancement within a [[totalitarian]] group or party depends largely on a willingness to do immoral things. The principle that the end justifies the means, which in individualist ethics is regarded as the denial of all morals, in [[collectivist]] ethics becomes necessarily the supreme rule. There is literally nothing which the consistent collectivist must not be prepared to do if it serves ‘the good of the whole’, because that is to him the only criterion of what ought to be done." <ref>Friedrich A. Hayek, ''Road to Serfdom'', [http://www.iea.org.uk/files/upld-publication43pdf?.pdf Why the worst get on top], pg. 43 - 49, Reader's Digest Condensed Version, April 1945.</ref> Himmler displayed the brutal nature of this collectivist mentality taken to its logical extreme wherein he explained,

{{Cquote|Whether 10,000 Russian females fall down from exhaustion while digging an anti-tank ditch or not interests me only in so far as the anti-tank ditch for Germany is finished. <ref>[http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Holocaust/himmler_remarks.html Reichsführer-SS Himmler speaking to SS Major-Generals, Poznan, October 4, 1943], Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression- Washington, U.S Govt. Print. Off., 1946, Vol. IV, p. 559. Retrieved from the jewishvirtuallibrary.org 06/16/07.</ref>}}

==Notes==
<references/>

==Bibliography==
* Breitman, Richard. ''The Architect of Genocide: Himmler and the Final Solution'' (1992) [http://www.amazon.com/Architect-Genocide-Solution-Institute-European/dp/0874515963/ref=sr_1_8?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1195982257&sr=1-8 excerpt and text search]
* Burleigh, Michael. ''The Third Reich: A New History'' (2000), stresses central role of antisemitism.
* Dederichs, Mario. ''Heydrich: The Face of Evil'' (2006)
* Evans, Richard J. ''The Third Reich in Power: 1933-1939'' (2005)
* Friedlander, Saul. ''Nazi Germany and the Jews: Volume 1: The Years of Persecution 1933-1939'' (1998)
* Friedlander, Saul. ''The Years of Extermination: Nazi Germany and the Jews, 1939-1945'' (2007), the standard history [http://www.amazon.com/Years-Extermination-Nazi-Germany-1939-1945/dp/0060190434/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1195979435&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
* Gerwarth, Robert. ''Hitler's Hangman: The Life of Heydrich'' (2011)
* Goldin, Milton. "Financing the SS", ''History Today'', (Jun 1998), Vol. 48, Issue 6 full text in Academic Search Premier
* Gutman, Israel, ed. ''Encyclopedia of the Holocaust,'' 4 vol (1989)
* Kershaw, Ian. ''Hitler'' (2 vol, 1998, 2000), the standard biography.
* Loewenberg, Peter J. "The Unsuccessful Adolescence of Heinrich Himmler", ''American Historical Review'' 1971 76(3): 612-641. Issn: 0002-8762 [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0002-8762(197106)76%3A3%3C612%3ATUAOHH%3E2.0.CO%3B2-D in Jstor]
* Manvell, Roger, and Heinrich Fraenkel. ''Heinrich Himmler: The SS, Gestapo, His Life and Career'' (2007)
* McNab, Chris. ''The SS: 1923–1945'' (2009)
* Padfield, Peter. ''Himmler: Reichsführer-SS'' (1990)
* Smith, Bradley F. ''Heinrich Himmler: A Nazi in the Making, 1900-1926'' (1971)
* Wachsmann, Nikolaus. "Looking into the Abyss: Historians and the Nazi Concentration Camps" ''European History Quarterly'' 2006; v 36; pp247+ [http://ehq.sagepub.eom/cgi/content/abstract/36/2/247 online]
* Weale, Adrian. ''The SS: A New History'' (2010)

===Primary sources===
* Angress, Werner T., and Bradley F. Smith, "Diaries of Heinrich Himmler's Early Years." ''Journal of Modern History'' 1959 31(3): 206-224. Issn: 0022-2801 [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0022-2801(195909)31%3A3%3C206%3ADOHHEY%3E2.0.CO%3B2-%23 Jstor]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Himmler, Heinrich}}
[[Category: World War II Commanders]]
[[Category:World War II]]
[[Category:Mass Murderers]]
[[Category:Nazis]]
[[Category:Anti-Semitism]]
[[Category:German History]]
[[Category:Holocaust]]

Ernst Röhm

2013-02-24T21:50:44Z

Dwain: Created page with "Ernst Röhm (1887-1934) - was a friend of Adolf Hitler and an early member of the Nazi Party and became Supreme Commander of the SA Brownshirts. He was also one of the many h..."

Ernst Röhm (1887-1934) - was a friend of [[Adolf Hitler]] and an early member of the Nazi Party and became Supreme Commander of the SA Brownshirts. He was also one of the many homosexuals who made up the higher echelons of the Nazis.<ref>The Pink Swastika: Homosexuality in the Nazi Party, Scott Lively & Kevin Abrams, 4th Edition.</ref>

Röhm had been in the military since 1906. After World War I he was a member of the Socalist terror organization known as the Iron Fist. From this group he would move into the Nationalsozialistche Deutsche Arbeiterpartei, The National Socialist German Worker's Party - the Nazis.<ref>The Pink Swastika: Homosexuality in the Nazi Party, Scott Lively & Kevin Abrams, 4th Edition.</ref>
Many of the first party meetings took place in a tavern that catered to homosexuals since so many of the Nazis were homosexual as Röhm was. In 1927 German Communists leaked some of his letters which revealed his sexuality to the public and caused some loss of popularity for the Nazis.<ref>The Pink Swastika: Homosexuality in the Nazi Party, Scott Lively & Kevin Abrams, 4th Edition.</ref>

In 1934 Hitler had Röhm killed during the so called Knight of the Long Knives for fear that he would be a rival in the future.<ref>The Pink Swastika: Homosexuality in the Nazi Party, Scott Lively & Kevin Abrams, 4th Edition.</ref>

== Sources ==
<references/>

Friedrich Nietzsche

2013-02-24T21:29:47Z

Dwain: /* Nietzsche's Insanity */ added info and sources on reputed disease

[[Image:nietzsche2.jpg|right|250px|thumb]]
'''Friedrich Nietzsche''' (1844-1900) was a [[Germany|German]] [[atheism|atheist]] [[philosopher]] whose work set a foundation for the [[existentialism|existentialist]] movement of the 1900s.<ref>[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/nietzsche/ Stanford's Biography on Nietzsche].</ref> Nietzsche went mad and suffered a mental breakdown, from which he never recovered.

Nietzsche was critical of [[religion]] in general, though especially [[Christianity]], which he described as the "religion of pity."<ref>[http://www.quotationspage.com/quotes/Friedrich_Nietzsche/ Nietzsche Quotations]</ref> Nietzsche is perhaps most famous for his declaration that “God is dead,” which suggests that since Christian morality views worldly pleasures as immoral, to accept Christianity is to deny life - therefore, God (a personification of Christian principles) is figuratively dead. Furthermore, he postulated that the Christian Heaven, a metaphysical "true world" beyond the reach of the human senses, devalued the physical world that we live in. In this sense, he accused Christianity of nihilism. He also suggested that Western culture seemed no longer rooted in Christian dogmatism and a faith-based worldview. Without [[God]], the idea of absolutes are difficult to come by, and Nietzsche thus suggested ways for people to cope with this loss of "[[Good]]" and "[[Evil]]".

{{cquote|When [[Adolf Hitler]] first met [[Benito Mussolini]], he presented him with a gift of the collected works of Nietzsche. It was an appropriate memento. Hitler's ideas about life and politics were largely derived from Nietzsche. Hitler subscribed to the Nietzschean idea that superior people have an inborn right to rule. - [[William Kilpatrick]]}}

Nietzsche suffered a mental collapse in 1889, and spent the last ten years of his life unable to care for himself. During this time, his sister Elizabeth Förster-Nietzsche took over his affairs, and worked to falsify and re-edit his writings in order to support her virulent Antisemitism (a view which Nietzsche arguably abhorred, and often mocked, during his lifetime). It was her distorted version of culled and misquoted statements which later provided an intellectual fig leaf for the [[Nazi]]s and [[Italian]] [[Fascist]]s.

The ''Übermensch'' (overhuman, superhuman) was a literary device used in his magnum opus, "[[Thus Spoke Zarathustra]]". The Overman was to be a new kind of being which would overcome resentment and affirm the Eternal Recurrence of the same.

The statement "God is dead" first appeared in Nietzsche's "[[The Gay Science]]", in Aphorism 108, titled "New Struggles". This aphorism introduces Nietzsche's famous Madman, who runs out into the street shouting, "God is dead!" Yet, to his dismay, the Madman sees "he has come too soon," for people have not realized this cultural revelation for themselves and are blind to it. They consider the Madman's seemingly theological claim as absurd for they misunderstand him; it is no argument about the existence of God, but a claim of how [[secular]] society has become. Nietzsche was no friend to Christian beliefs, and no doubt considered the Christian God to be a mere myth. This passage shows his hope for a [[philosophy]] of the future, one he imagined would be emptied of coarse objective rationalizing, which he characterized as God and associated with Christianity. Nietzsche, in other words, felt his message of subjective truth came too soon and hoped, as the Madman, that he would be understood someday.

Nietzsche's father Carl Ludwig Nietzsche, was a [[Lutheran]] pastor.

In his first [[Papal Encyclical]], "Deus Caritas Est" (God is Charity/Love) [[Pope Benedict XVI]] quotes from Nietzsche's ''Beyond Good and Evil'', taking very seriously Nietzsche's claim that the Church has poisoned ''eros'' (love) with dogma, and responding to it.

== Prophecy of WWII and Death ==
After writing his final complete work in 1883, ''The Antichrist, Curse on Christianity''<ref name=stanford>Wicks, Robert (2011, April 29). "[http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/nietzsche/ Friedrich Nietzsche]." ''Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy''.</ref>, Nietzsche would go insane in 1889, exactly 50 years before the start of World War II<ref>Burns, K. & Novick, L. (2007, September). "[http://www.pbs.org/thewar/at_war_timeline_1939.htm The War]." Florentine Films and WETA-TV. ''PBS''.</ref>, during which he would prophetically predict a coming Hitlerian society and Nazi Germany. As H.L. Mencken puts it, "''Save for his raucous, rhapsodical autobiography, 'Ecce Homo,' 'The Antichrist' is the last thing that Nietzsche ever wrote, and so it may be accepted as a statement of some of his most salient ideas in their final form.''"<ref>Nietzsche, F.W. (1920). "[http://books.google.com/books?id=0ao8AAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover The Antichrist]." ''Library of the University of Virginia''.</ref>

Nietzsche, early in January 1889, saw a coachman flogging a horse, and rushed towards it. Throwing his arms around the horse, Nietzsche collapsed in unconsciousness, and was carried home. In a fit of insanity, he mailed several letters before dying on August 25, 1900, from pneumonia.<ref>Kaufman, Walter (1954). "The Portable Nietzsche." p. 684. ''Penguin Books''.</ref> These letters included the following: {{cquote|"To my maestro Pietro. Sing me a new-song: the world is transfigured and all the heavens are full of joy. -The Crucified"
-Friedrich Nietzsche to Gast, January 4, 1889<ref>''The Portable Nietzsche'', p. 685.</ref>}}{{cquote|"You may make any use of this letter which will not degrade me in the eyes of those at Basel. I have had Caiaphas put in fetters. Also, last year I was crucified by the German doctors in a very drawn-out manner. Wilhelm, Bismarck, and all anti-Semites abolished."
-Friedrich Nietzsche to Jacob Burkhardt, January 6, 1889<ref>''The Portable Nietzsche'', pp. 685-687.</ref>}} Wilhelm II would become the Emperor of Germany just months after Nietzsche wrote this, and replace Otto von Bismarck, the nationalistic German Chancellor who'd unified Germany. Caiaphas was the Jewish high priest at the time of [[Jesus]] (Matthew 26:3). In other letters, Nietzsche also commanded the German emperor to go to Rome to be shot, and summoned the European powers to take military action against Germany.<ref>Zweig, Stefan (1939) Master Builders [trilogy], The Struggle with the Daimon, Viking Press, p. 524.<br>''Wikipedia''. "[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Nietzsche#Mental_breakdown_and_death_.281889.E2.80.931900.29 Friedrich Nietzsche: Mental Breakdown and Death]." Accessed May 12, 2012.</ref>

Thus, for all his criticism of God, Christianity, and the supernatural, Nietzsche would end his life in a fit of madness prophesying the coming of World War II in warning to the Jewish people, accurately predicting German doctor Joseph Mengele, [[antisemitism]], and the threat of Germany to the free world.
===Biblical Similarities===
Examples in the [[Bible]] of God punishing prominent figures for their wickedness and using them as prophets during or immediately after their insanity include:

* [[Nebuchadnezzar]]: After the ruler arrogantly lifted up his heart in pride, giving himself credit despite all that God had shown him, God made him go insane for 7 years, during which he lived like an animal. When his reason finally returned, he repented and ended up glorifying God. ({{Bible ref|book=Daniel|chap=4|verses=28-37|version=KJV}})
* [[King Saul]]: The wicked king sent troops to capture David 3 separate times, who was living with Samuel and other prophets. Each time the troops ended up prophesying rather than trying to capture David, and when Saul finally went himself, he ended up stripping off his clothes and prophesying with David and Samuel, resulting in an Israelite saying, "Is Saul also among the prophets?" ({{Bible ref|book=1 Samuel|chap=19|verses=18-24|version=KJV}})

Other somewhat similar cases include:

* [[Apostle Paul]]: Once the greatest persecutor of the fledgling Christianity, the zealous Pharisee found himself confronted with the living Lord, who blinded him of his sight. Upon reaching Ananias in Damascus, Paul's sight was restored, he got baptized, and began preaching in the Jewish synagogues a risen Lord. ({{Bible ref|book=Acts|chap=9|verses=1-22|version=KJV}})
=== Nietzsche's Insanity ===
Currently, there is an ongoing debate on whether Friedrich Nietzsche's insanity was caused purely through disease or whether his atheistic/[[nihilism|nihilistic]] philosophical outlook on life was the cause.<ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17881977</ref><ref>http://www.ukapologetics.net/truthaboutnietzsche.html</ref><ref>http://www.renewamerica.us/columns/hutchison/070307</ref><ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17087793?dopt=Abstract</ref><ref>http://www.leonardsax.com/Nietzsche.pdf</ref><ref name="hkbu">http://www.hkbu.edu.hk/~ppp/top/top19</ref><ref>http://books.google.com/books?id=x4qDrNKVC5gC&pg=PA61&lpg=PA61&dq=Ren%C3%A9+Girard+nietzsche+and+madness&source=bl&ots=DQFLJpqjJd&sig=mXNq_6J6_qTciP2vW-FHojwBn20&hl=en&ei=hv99Sp0Y2YG2B8Ogsf4B&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1#v=onepage&q=&f=false</ref>
An article published on the Hong Kong Baptist University declares:
{{cquote|Trying to explain what caused his insanity can only be a matter of speculation. Some people believe it was the result of a physical illness. Others interpret his suffering as that of a true prophet, almost as if he were accepting the punishment on behalf of those who could not see mankind's tendency towards self-destruction so clearly. Still others regard his final fate as a natural outcome of his philosophical outlook.<ref name="hkbu">http://www.hkbu.edu.hk/~ppp/top/top19</ref>}}

Sigmund Feud and Carl Jung related that Nietzsche had contracted syphilis, which he died from, during a visit to a homosexual brothel in Genoa, Italy.<ref>The Pink Swastika: Homosexuality in the Nazi Party, Scott Lively & Kevin Abrams, 4th Edition, page 133.</ref> <ref>Forgotten Fatherland: The Search for Elisabeth Nietzsche, Ben Macintyre, 1992.</ref>

The Russian-born psychoanalyst and writer Lou Andreas-Salomé, who had a brief and tempestuous affair with Nietzsche, believed that Nietzsche's philosophy can be viewed as a reflection of his psychology and that his madness was the result of his philosophizing.<ref>http://www.amazon.com/Nietzsche-Lou-Salome/dp/0252070356</ref> In addition, the French historian René Girard asserted that Nietzsche's philosophy led to his insanity.<ref>http://books.google.com/books?id=x4qDrNKVC5gC&pg=PA61&lpg=PA61&dq=Ren%C3%A9+Girard+nietzsche+and+madness&source=bl&ots=DQFLJpqjJd&sig=mXNq_6J6_qTciP2vW-FHojwBn20&hl=en&ei=hv99Sp0Y2YG2B8Ogsf4B&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1#v=onepage&q=&f=false</ref>

==On Morality==
Friedrich Nietzsche argued that [[rational egalitarianism]] denies [[creativity]], and reason cannot create values and [[morality]], attempt to do so would only lead to [[nihilism]]. Therefore morality has been imposed.

Friedrich Nietzsche wrote "Morality is the herd-instinct in the individual.", "With morality, the individual can only ascribe value to himself as a function of the herd", "I submit that egoism belongs to the essence of a noble soul ... and has its basis in the primary law of things", "all morality is partisan; just as any legal system will favor certain behavior against others", "who else should we wish to serve, if not ourselves?" and "Whoever battles monsters should take care not to become a monster too, for if you stare long enough into the Abyss, the Abyss stares back into you."

==On Science and Knowledge==
Friedrich Nietzsche wrote "I mistrust all systemizers and avoid them; the will to systematize is a lack of integrity", "there is no pre-established harmony between the furtherance of truth and the well-being of mankind", "the free-spirit is brought into disrepute chiefly by scholars who miss their thoroughness and ant-like industry in his art of regarding things", "there are many things I do not wish to know, wisdom sets a limit on knowledge too", "the fact that science as we practice it today is possible proves that the elementary instinct which protect life have ceased to function", "we have arranged for ourselves a world in which we are able to live with postulation of bodies, lines, surfaces, causes, and effects, motion and rest, form and content: without these articles of faith, nobody could manage to live", "the irrationality of a thing is no argument against its existence, rather a condition for it", "[too much knowledge causes us to] choke on our own reason", "creed of nihilism which I see everywhere is the result of too much learning" and "Any truth which threatens life is no truth at all, it is an error".

==On Politics==
Friedrich Nietzsche wrote "As a political subject, it is an illusion to ask myself what I require from the state. In reality, it is a question of what the state requires from me", "culture and the state are antagonistic", "clearly, the individual will is forfeit to the demands of government - a kind of political Darwinism. The herd triumphs again, this time under the banner of the state", "socialism is the fantastic younger brother of an almost decrepit despotism, which it wants to succeeded", "the doctrine of free will is an invention of the ruling classes" and "madness is something rare in individuals; but in groups, parties, ages, it is the rule".

==On Women==
Friedrich Nietzsche wrote "Women are essentially unpeaceful" and "Man is for woman a means; the purpose is always a child. But what is woman for man?"

Nietszche also wrote "Stupidity in a woman is unfeminine." [http://www.goodreads.com/search?page=3&q=Nietzsche&search%5Bcountry%5D=&search%5Bpage%5D=2&search%5Bper_page%5D=20&search%5Bquery%5D=Nietzsche&search%5Bsearch_type%5D=quotes&search%5Bsort%5D=&search%5Bsource%5D=goodreads&search_type=quotes&tab=quotes]

==On Philosophy==
Friedrich Nietzsche wrote "Philosophy is the dressing-up in rational argument of moral beliefs, intuitions and desires".

==On Religion==
Friedrich Nietzsche was born to a long line of Protestant Lutheran ministers. His grandfather, Friedrich August Ludwig Nietzsche, was in fact an established Protestant scholar whose writings argued the “everlasting survival of Christianity.” From an early age Friedrich Nietzsche maintained a dedication to Lutheranism and continued his passion for theology in university. In the year 1864, Nietzsche entered the University of Bonn as a theology and philology student with a particular interest in the translation and interpretation of Biblical texts. Nietzsche's views on religion are scattered amongst his earliest works in the 1860s well up until the time of his death in 1889. As such, his views concerning religion, morality, and human nature are not outlined definitively and are thus the subject of scholarly debate.

However, Nietzsche spoke out against Islam citing that it was a force subsisting wholly on the denial of the individual. He posed in his work "The Birth of Tragedy" that Islam (among other religions) utilizes the restriction of necessary human desires such as love as a means of securing their permanence as a force of control.

Thus Friedrich Nietzsche viewed [[Mohammed]], [[Buddha]], [[Homer]] etc, not as religious figures, but as creators of rigid moral frameworks, who lost their authority as [[Europe]] severed ties with its diverse religious tradition.

==See Also==
*[[Nihilism]]

==References==
<references/>
*[https://www.dartmouth.edu/~fnchron/index.html Nietzsche Chronicle]
*[http://www.press.uchicago.edu/Misc/Chicago/452786.html Nietzsche: The Problem of Autumn]
*[http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=816224 "The Case for Nietzschean Moral Psychology"]
*[http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/encyclicals/documents/hf_ben-xvi_enc_20051225_deus-caritas-est_en.html#_ftnref1 ''Deus Caritas Est'', from the Vatican website]
*[http://www.amazon.com/Introducing-Nietzsche-Third-Introducing-Laurence/dp/1840466278/ref=pd_bbs_sr_1/103-5268663-4749443?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1179639544&sr=1-1 Introducing Nietzsche, Third Edition by Laurence Gane]
*[http://www.goodreads.com/search?page=3&q=Nietzsche&search%5Bcountry%5D=&search%5Bpage%5D=2&search%5Bper_page%5D=20&search%5Bquery%5D=Nietzsche&search%5Bsearch_type%5D=quotes&search%5Bsort%5D=&search%5Bsource%5D=goodreads&search_type=quotes&tab=quotes
{{DEFAULTSORT:Nietzsche, Friedrich}}]

[[Category:Existentialist Philosophers]]
[[category:German Philosophers]]
[[Category:Children of Clergy]]

Barack Obama Controversies

2012-12-12T22:08:42Z

Dwain: /* Birth Certificate Controversy */

The following is a list of major controversies that have dogged [[Barack Obama]] throughout his political career, and have received major media coverage and prominence.

== Born Alive Votes Controversy ==
: ''Main Article: [[Obama born alive controversy]]''
From 1996-2003, Barack Obama made at least 7 controversial votes against bills mandating medical care for newborn children after late-term, botched abortions known as D&E procedures. During this time Obama headed an Illinois Planned Parenthood strategy to vote 'Present' on the controversial bills to provide political cover for other Illinois Senators since in the words of Pam Sutherland, head of the IL Planned Parenthood Council, "He came to me and said: ‘My members are being attacked. We need to figure out a way to protect members and to protect women. A ‘present’ vote was hard to pigeonhole which is exactly what Obama wanted. What it did was give cover to moderate Democrats who wanted to vote with us but were afraid to do so" because of how their votes would be used against them electorally. A ‘present’ vote would protect them. Your senator voted ‘present.’ Most of the electorate is not going to know what that means."<ref>Davis, Teddy (2007, July 17). "[http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2007/07/obama-abortion/ Obama Abortion Dodges Blessed by Planned Parenthood], ''ABC News''.</ref>

The votes are especially controversial because they fall outside the typical Pro-Life vs. Pro-Choice debate, dealing not with abortion, but children left to die after botched abortions. In 2002 the Federal Born Alive Infant Protection Act made it a U.S. crime to let children die like this, and the 2003 Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act was passed outlawing the specific D&E procedures making them possible, even declaring this to be "Infanticide" in Section 2, 14(G) and 14(O).<ref name=partialbirth>''United States Congress'' (2003, March 13). "[http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/BILLS-108s3enr/pdf/BILLS-108s3enr.pdf S.3: Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act of 2003]."</ref> The Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act had 70% public approval by the time of its passage<ref>Ray, J. (2003, July 8). "[http://www.gallup.com/poll/8791/gallup-brain-opinions-partialbirth-abortions.aspx Gallup Brain: Opinions on Partial-Birth Abortions]." ''Gallup''.</ref> (a 2011 poll shows 64% support<ref>''Gallup''. "[http://www.gallup.com/poll/1576/abortion.aspx Abortion]." pg. 1.</ref>) yet the Born Alive Infant Protection Act was far more popular, to the extent that in Obama's own words, it was "the federal bill that everybody supported."<ref name=brody>Brody, David (2008, August 16). "[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Skq5M1Ksp_c McCain/Obama Forum]." ''CNN''. Uploaded to ''YouTube'' by Jill Stanek.<br>David Brody (August 16, 2008). "[http://blogs.cbn.com/thebrodyfile/archive/2008/08/16/obama-gets-heated-on-born-alive-infant-protection-act.aspx Obama Gets Heated on Born Alive Infant Protection Act]." ''CBN News''. The Brody File.</ref>

Substantial controversy has surrounded '''[[Barack Obama|Barack Obama's]]''' voting record since 2004, when [[Alan Keyes]], his opponent for the [[U.S. Senate]], made Obama's record central to his campaign. Since then, [[Jill Stanek]], a central witness before [[Congress]], whose moving testimony led to passage of the federal Born Alive Infant Protection Act, has been the primary critic of Obama's voting record on the issue. The issue featured prominently in the 2008 presidential election as well, with both [[Sarah Palin]] and [[John McCain]] raising the issue, and major press coverage by CNN and other news media reporting on the controversy. Obama ultimately voted 'Present' or 'No' on 7 of the 'Born Alive' bills:

* SB 1082 (2003 Born Alive Infant Defined Act)<ref>''Illinois General Assembly''. [http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/BillStatus.asp?DocNum=1082&GAID=3&DocTypeID=SB&LegId=3910&SessionID=3&GA=93 Bill Status of SB 1082]. 93rd General Assembly.</ref>
* SB 1661 (2002 Induced Birth Infant Liability Act)<ref name=1661a>(2002, April 4). [http://www.ilga.gov/senate/transcripts/strans92/ST040402.pdf 92nd General Assembly Regular Session Senate Transcript]. ''State of Illinois''. pp. 29-35.</ref><ref name=1661b>State of Illinois. [http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/legisnet92/sbgroups/sb/920SB1661LV.html 92nd General Assembly Legislation: SB 1661].</ref>
* SB 1662 (2002)<ref>''State of Illinois''. [http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/legisnet92/sbgroups/sb/920SB1662LV.html 92nd General Assembly Legislation: SB 1662].</ref>
* SB 1093 (2001 Born Alive Infants Protection Act)<ref name=1093a>(2001, March 30). [http://www.ilga.gov/senate/transcripts/strans92/ST033001.pdf 92nd General Assembly Regular Session Senate Transcript]. ''State of Illinois''. pp. 84-88.</ref><ref name=1093b>[http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/legisnet92/status/920SB1093.html Status of SB 1093]. 92nd General Assembly. ILGA.gov.</ref>
* SB 1094 (2001 Induced Birth Infant Liability Act)<ref>''Illinois General Assembly''. [http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/legisnet92/status/920SB1094.html Status of SB 1094]. 92nd General Assembly.</ref><ref>
(2001, March 30). [http://www.ilga.gov/senate/transcripts/strans92/ST033001.pdf 92nd General Assembly Regular Session Senate Transcript]. ''State of Illinois''. pp. 88-89. </ref>
* SB 1095 (2001 Partial Birth Abortion Ban Act)<ref>''Illinois General Assembly''. [http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/ilcs/ilcs3.asp?ActID=1929&ChapAct=720%26nbsp%3BILCS%26nbsp%3B513%2F&ChapterID=53&ChapterName=CRIMINAL+OFFENSES&ActName=Partial-birth+Abortion+Ban+Act Criminal Offenses: 720 ILCS/513/ Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act]. Illinois Compiled Statutes.</ref><ref>Illinois General Assembly. [http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/legisnet92/status/920SB1095.html Status of SB 1095]. 92nd General Assembly.</ref><ref>State of Illinois. [http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/votehistory/srollcalls92/920sb1095_03302001_030000t.pdf 92nd General Assembly Senate Vote: Senate Bill No. 1095].</ref><ref>(2001, March 30). [http://www.ilga.gov/senate/transcripts/strans92/ST033001.pdf 92nd General Assembly Regular Session Senate Transcript]. State of Illinois. pp. 89-90.</ref>
* SB 230 (1997 Partial-birth Abortion Ban Act)<ref>''Illinois General Assembly''. [http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/legisnet90/status/900SB0230.html 90th General Assembly: Status of SB 0230].</ref><ref>(1997, March 18). [http://www.ilga.gov/senate/transcripts/strans90/ST031897.pdf 90th General Assembly Regular Session Senate Transcript]. ''State of Illinois''. pp. 59-66.</ref>

His exact words on the Senate floor (see [[Obama_born_alive_controversy#1996-2003_Illinois_Senate_Transcripts|1996-2003 Illinois Senate Transcripts]]) show that he recognized at the time newborn children were being left to die but opposed the bills for various reasons, including that (a) the child wasn't born to a full 9-month term and therefore is a pre-viable fetus, (b) The Illinois Medical Society opposed the bill, and (c) if children were being left to die an abortion physician would care for the child and requiring a 2nd physician verify the child is alive just burdens abortion doctors.

The issue resurfaced in February 2012 when Newt Gingrich said, "If we’re going to have a debate about who the extremist is on these issues, it is President Obama, who as a state senator voted to protect doctors who killed babies who survived the abortion"<ref>Woodward, C. & Raum, T. (2012, February 23). "[http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2012/feb/23/gop-debate-candidates-errant-claims-auto-bailout/?page=all#pagebreak FACT CHECK: Candidates make errant claims during GOP debate]." ''Associated Press''.</ref>. Rick Santorum likewise repeated this, saying, "any child born prematurely, according to the president, in his own words, can be killed."<ref>Yellin, J. & Metzger, T. (2012, February 24). "[http://articles.cnn.com/2012-02-24/politics/politics_fact-checking-gingrich-infanticide-charge_1_bar-abortions-opponents-of-abortion-rights-barack-obama?_s=PM:POLITICS Fact-checking Gingrich's charge Obama voted in favor of 'infanticide']." ''CNN Politics''.</ref> Newt Gingrich later accused the national media of not covering Obama's controversial history on the Born Alive bills.<ref>Brennan, P. (2012, February 29). "[http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/292204/obama-s-infanticide-votes-patrick-brennan Obama's Infanticide Votes]." ''National Review''.<br>Farley, R. (2012, February 23). "[http://www.factcheck.org/2012/02/did-elite-media-ignore-infanticide/ Did Elite Media Ignore Infanticide?]" ''FactCheck.org''.</ref>

== Birth Certificate Controversy ==
The claim that Barack Obama was not born in the U.S. proved a major controversy from 2008. The claims have been based not so much on actual, substantial evidence that he was not born in the U.S., so much as on as whether the evidence that he was is suitable, in short, trying to prove a negative. The following is a timeline of events showing that Obama was born in the United States, and revealing the controversy is unfounded.

* In June 2008 the Obama campaign allowed FactCheck.org to look at his “Certificate of Live Birth” and take photos.<ref>Henig, J. (2008, August 21). Born in the U.S.A. FactCheck.org. Retrieved from http://www.factcheck.org/elections-2008/born_in_the_usa.html</ref>
* In July 2008 a blogger discovered a birth announcement from the Honolulu Advertiser from August 13, 1961 for Barack Obama. It has since been discovered another newspaper, the Star Bulletin, also documented the birth.<ref>Snopes.com. Barack Obama Birth Certificate. Retrieved from http://www.snopes.com/politics/obama/birthcertificate.asp</ref>
* PolitiFact went to extreme lengths to verify Obama’s citizenship, attaining scanned copies of his 1992 marriage certificate from Cook County, IL, his driver’s license record, and his registration and disciplinary record.3 PolitiFact also addressed a number of concerns about the documentation.<ref>Hollyfield, A. (2008, June 27). Obama’s birth certificate: Final chapter. PolitiFact. Retrieved from http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/article/2008/jun/27/obamas-birth-certificate-part-ii/</ref>
* In October 2008 Hawaii’s Department of Health released a statement by Dr. Chiyome Fu.kino verifying that Obama’s birth certificate was on record.<ref>Hawaii Department of Health. News Release: Statement by Dr. Chiyome Fu.kino. Retrieved from http://hawaii.gov/health/about/pr/2008/08-93.pdf</ref>
* In August 2009 it was revealed that an alleged Kenyan birth certificate for Obama was a hoax.<ref>Snopes.com. Kenyan Mistake. Retrieved from http://www.snopes.com/politics/obama/birthers/kenyacert.asp</ref> Another website allows you to create your own imitation Kenyan birth certificates online.<ref>KenyanBirthCertificateGenerator.com. Blue Collar Industries. Retrieved from http://kenyanbirthcertificategenerator.com/</ref>
* On April 27, 2011<ref>CNN Political Unit (2011, April 27). "[http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2011/04/27/white-house-releases-obama-birth-certificate/ White House Releases Obama Birth Certificate]." ''CNN''</ref>, a long-running controversy surrounding Obama's birth was largely put to rest<ref>Winter, J. (2011, April 29). "[http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2011/04/29/expert-says-obamas-birth-certificate-legit/ Expert: No Doubt Obama's Birth Certificate is Legit]." ''FOX News''.<br>Tuchman, G. (2011, April 25). "[http://articles.cnn.com/2011-04-25/politics/birthers.obama.hawaii_1_birther-controversy-obama-opinion-research-corporation?_s=PM:POLITICS Obama Birther Claims Have No Merit]." ''CNN''.<br>(2011, April 27). "[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/42779923/ns/politics-white_house/t/obama-releases-detailed-us-birth-certificate/ Obama Releases Detailed U.S. Birth Certificate]." ''MSNBC''.</ref> when Obama had his long-form birth certificate posted at WhiteHouse.gov.<ref>"[http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/rss_viewer/birth-certificate-long-form.pdf Certificate of Live Birth]." State of Hawaii. Retrieved from ''WhiteHouse.gov''.</ref> Donald Trump, who had attacked Obama on the Birth Certificate issue and was then leading Republicans in polls for the upcoming GOP primary<ref>James, F. (2011, April 15). "[http://www.npr.org/blogs/itsallpolitics/2011/04/15/135446314/poll-donald-trump-birther-darling-leads-gop-field-at-26 Donald Trump, Birther In Chief? Poll Has Him Leading GOP Field with 26 Percent]." ''NPR''.</ref>, was effectively knocked out of the race because of this.<ref>Kapur, S. (2011, May 10). "[http://www.rawstory.com/rs/2011/05/10/trumps-popularity-tanks-after-obama-releases-long-form-birth-certificate/ Trump's Popularity Tanks After Obama Releases Long-Form Birth Certificate]." ''RawStory.com''.</ref>
* In early 2012 Arizona sheriff Joe Arpiao and his investigators know as the "Posse" stated at a press conference that the so-called "birth certificate" of Barack Obama released in digital form on the White House website, was forgery. He proceeded to show how the fake document was digitally created. He showed several videos on how the fraudulent document was made which left little doubt to its inauthenticity.<ref>Sheriff Joe Arpiao Press Conference 2012 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DGW6WYmcneU</ref>

== Chicago Politics Controversies ==
=== 1996 Election Controversy ===
: ''Main Article: [[Barack_Obama#1996_Election]]''
Barack Obama ran for the Illinois state senate in 1996. He was initially supported by incumbent Alice Palmer, who declared she would run for the U.S. Congress. However, when her bid for Congress failed on November 28, 1995, she tried to run for her old seat in the March 1996 election. Her supporters asked Obama to step aside, although whether this was with her permission remains uncertain.<ref name=pragmatic>Scott, Janny (2007, July 30). "[http://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/30/us/politics/30obama.html?pagewanted=all In Illinois, Obama Proved Pragmatic and Shrewd]." ''New York Times''.</ref> Not only did Obama not step down, he gathered a team of high-priced lawyers, including fellow Harvard Law School graduate Thomas Johnson, to challenge his opponent's petition signatures on technicalities after the filing deadline had passed. Such tactics are legal and frequently used in Chicago; in 2006 they eliminated 67 of the 245 aldermanic candidates;<ref name=bareknuckle>Jackson, David & Long, Ray (2007, April 4). "[http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/politics/obama/chi-0704030881apr04-archive,0,1523598,full.story Barack Obama: Showing His Bare Knuckles]." ''Chicago Tribune''.</ref> yet nevertheless led to the term "hardball" by the ''New York Times''<ref name=pragmatic /> and "cutthroat" by David Mendel as reported by both ''CNN''<ref name=revealed>Malveaux, Suzanne (2008, August 20). "[http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0808/20/se.02.html Barack Obama Revealed]." ''CNN''.</ref> and ''MSNBC''.<ref name=msnbc>''MSNBC'' (2008, February 20). "[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/23257295/ns/msnbc_tv-documentaries/t/obama-becomes-rising-star-among-democrats/ Obama Becomes Rising Star Among Democrats]."</ref> The ''Chicago Tribune'' declared Obama had mastered "the bare-knuckle arts of Chicago electoral politics", noting "The man now running for president on a message of giving a voice to the voiceless first entered public office not by leveling the playing field, but by clearing it."<ref name=bareknuckle /> As one of Obama's four opponents, eliminated through his ballot challenges, would put it: {{cquote|"Why say you're for a new tomorrow, then do old-style Chicago politics to remove legitimate candidates? He talks about honor and democracy, but what honor is there in getting rid of every other candidate so you can run scot-free? Why not let the people decide?"
-Gha-is Askia, 1996 Illinois Senate candidate<ref>Jackson, David & Long, Ray (2007, April 3). "[http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/politics/obama/chi-070403obama-ballot-archive,0,5297304,full.story Obama Knows His Way Around a Ballot]." ''Chicago Tribune''.</ref>}} Mark Ewell, another candidate, filed 1,286 signatures, and Obama's challenges left him 86 short of the minimum requirement (757<ref name=spivak>Spivak, Todd (2008, February 28). "[http://www.houstonpress.com/2008-02-28/news/barack-obama-screamed-at-me/ Barack Obama and Me]." ''Houston Press''.</ref>). Ewell filed a federal lawsuit contesting the election board's decision but Tom Johnson intervened, and Ewell's case was dismissed just a few days later. Ewell and other Obama opponents were using early 1995 polling sheets to verify signatures of registered voters, but city authorities had just purged 15,871 unqualified people from the 13th district list, and Obama's challenges used the more recent, updated list. Askia was left 69 signatures short of the requirement. If names were printed instead of signed in cursive, they were declared invalid. If they were good but the person registering the signatures wasn't a registered voter (e.g. underage) they were invalid.<ref name=hardball>Griffin, Drew & Johnston, Kathleen (2008, May 29). "[http://articles.cnn.com/2008-05-29/politics/obamas.first.campaign_1_obama-campaign-barack-obama-chicago-politics?_s=PM:POLITICS Obama Played Hardball in First Chicago Campaign]." ''CNN''.</ref> Palmer had according to Obama campaign consult Ronald Davis, used two children to help gather her petition signatures. To this day Palmer denies the challenges were valid, and maintains she could have overcome the objections with more time and resources.<ref name=bareknuckle /> Thanks to his lawyers, Obama would win the election without a single other candidate on the ballot.

=== 2003 Emil Jones Deal Controversy ===
: ''Main Article: [[2003 Barack Obama deal with Emil Jones]]''
When Illinois' U.S. Senator Peter Fitzgerald announced he would be retiring in April 2003, Obama jumped at the opportunity, declaring that he would be a candidate for the U.S. Senate in 2004.<ref name=msnbc /> To boost his chances at reaching the U.S. Congress in the 2004 elections, in 2003 Barack Obama approached the newly crowned head of the Illinois Senate, Emil Jones Jr., with a proposal. According to Jones, who Obama has since called his "godfather"<ref name=godfather>''Associated Press'' (2009, June 18). "[http://www.cbsnews.com/2100-250_162-3983147.html Obama's Political 'Godfather' In Illinois]."</ref> the conversation went as follows:[[Image:Emil Jones.jpg|frame|right|Left to Right, Rod Blagojevich, Emil Jones, and Jeffrey Schoenberg.]] {{cquote|"After I was elected president, in 2003, he came to see me, a couple months later. And he said to me, he said, ‘You’re the senate president now, and with that, you have a lot of pow-er.’ And I told Barack, ‘You think I got a lot of pow-er now?,’ and he said, ‘Yeah, you got a lot of pow-er.’ And I said, ‘What kind of pow-er do I have?’ He said, ‘You have the pow-er to make a United States sen-a-tor!’ I said to Barack, I said, ‘That sounds good!’ I said, ‘I haven’t even thought of that.’ I said, ‘Do you have someone in mind you think I could make?,’ and he said, ‘Yeah. Me.’ "<ref name=raisingobama>Purdum, Todd (2008, March). "[http://www.vanityfair.com/politics/features/2008/03/obama200803 Raising Obama]." ''Vanity Fair''.</ref><ref name=pragmatic />}} Because of the deal, Obama's entire Illinois Senate legislative record was, as longtime Obama reporter Todd Spivak put it, built in a single year. During his 7th and final year in the Illinois Senate, Obama sponsored an incredible 26 bills into law, including many he now points to when criticized as inexperienced<ref name=spivak /> - as ''CNN's'' Suzanne Malveaux observed, "With help from on high, Obama got his name on hundreds of bills that he pushed through."<ref name=revealed /> Jones not only had Obama craft legislation addressing daily tragedies to raise his political profile<ref name=godfather />, he also appointed Obama head of almost all high-profile legislation in the Illinois Senate, angering other state legislators with more seniority who'd spent years supporting the bills.<ref name=spivak /> Illinois State Senator Rickey Hendon, the original sponsor of the famous racial profiling bill requiring videotaped confessions in police interrogations, complained bitterly about Jones' decision.<ref name=revealed /><ref name=intheblack>Spivak, Todd (2004, March 25). "[http://www.illinoistimes.com/Springfield/article-922-in-the-black.html In the Black]." ''Illinois Times''.</ref> Jones' influence had a major impact on Obama's chances in the 2004 elections, preventing major political players from backing Obama's opponents. To quote Emil Jones, {{cquote|"He knew if he had me in the run for the Senate, it would put a block on the current mayor. The current mayor and the father of the controller, which was Dan Hynes, they were roommates in Springfield when the mayor was a state senator, so they had a relationship. Another big financial backer for the governor was Blair Hull. Barack knew if he had me it would checkmate the governor, ’cause the governor couldn’t come out and go with Blair Hull, ’cause the governor needs me. Same with the mayor. So he had analyzed and figured all of that out. He knew I could help him with labor support. And I could put a checkmate on some of the local politicians that didn’t know him, but they couldn’t really go against me."
-Emil Jones<ref name=raisingobama />}}

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

[[Category:US president]]

Barack Obama Controversies

2012-12-12T22:07:52Z

Dwain: /* Birth Certificate Controversy */

The following is a list of major controversies that have dogged [[Barack Obama]] throughout his political career, and have received major media coverage and prominence.

== Born Alive Votes Controversy ==
: ''Main Article: [[Obama born alive controversy]]''
From 1996-2003, Barack Obama made at least 7 controversial votes against bills mandating medical care for newborn children after late-term, botched abortions known as D&E procedures. During this time Obama headed an Illinois Planned Parenthood strategy to vote 'Present' on the controversial bills to provide political cover for other Illinois Senators since in the words of Pam Sutherland, head of the IL Planned Parenthood Council, "He came to me and said: ‘My members are being attacked. We need to figure out a way to protect members and to protect women. A ‘present’ vote was hard to pigeonhole which is exactly what Obama wanted. What it did was give cover to moderate Democrats who wanted to vote with us but were afraid to do so" because of how their votes would be used against them electorally. A ‘present’ vote would protect them. Your senator voted ‘present.’ Most of the electorate is not going to know what that means."<ref>Davis, Teddy (2007, July 17). "[http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2007/07/obama-abortion/ Obama Abortion Dodges Blessed by Planned Parenthood], ''ABC News''.</ref>

The votes are especially controversial because they fall outside the typical Pro-Life vs. Pro-Choice debate, dealing not with abortion, but children left to die after botched abortions. In 2002 the Federal Born Alive Infant Protection Act made it a U.S. crime to let children die like this, and the 2003 Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act was passed outlawing the specific D&E procedures making them possible, even declaring this to be "Infanticide" in Section 2, 14(G) and 14(O).<ref name=partialbirth>''United States Congress'' (2003, March 13). "[http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/BILLS-108s3enr/pdf/BILLS-108s3enr.pdf S.3: Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act of 2003]."</ref> The Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act had 70% public approval by the time of its passage<ref>Ray, J. (2003, July 8). "[http://www.gallup.com/poll/8791/gallup-brain-opinions-partialbirth-abortions.aspx Gallup Brain: Opinions on Partial-Birth Abortions]." ''Gallup''.</ref> (a 2011 poll shows 64% support<ref>''Gallup''. "[http://www.gallup.com/poll/1576/abortion.aspx Abortion]." pg. 1.</ref>) yet the Born Alive Infant Protection Act was far more popular, to the extent that in Obama's own words, it was "the federal bill that everybody supported."<ref name=brody>Brody, David (2008, August 16). "[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Skq5M1Ksp_c McCain/Obama Forum]." ''CNN''. Uploaded to ''YouTube'' by Jill Stanek.<br>David Brody (August 16, 2008). "[http://blogs.cbn.com/thebrodyfile/archive/2008/08/16/obama-gets-heated-on-born-alive-infant-protection-act.aspx Obama Gets Heated on Born Alive Infant Protection Act]." ''CBN News''. The Brody File.</ref>

Substantial controversy has surrounded '''[[Barack Obama|Barack Obama's]]''' voting record since 2004, when [[Alan Keyes]], his opponent for the [[U.S. Senate]], made Obama's record central to his campaign. Since then, [[Jill Stanek]], a central witness before [[Congress]], whose moving testimony led to passage of the federal Born Alive Infant Protection Act, has been the primary critic of Obama's voting record on the issue. The issue featured prominently in the 2008 presidential election as well, with both [[Sarah Palin]] and [[John McCain]] raising the issue, and major press coverage by CNN and other news media reporting on the controversy. Obama ultimately voted 'Present' or 'No' on 7 of the 'Born Alive' bills:

* SB 1082 (2003 Born Alive Infant Defined Act)<ref>''Illinois General Assembly''. [http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/BillStatus.asp?DocNum=1082&GAID=3&DocTypeID=SB&LegId=3910&SessionID=3&GA=93 Bill Status of SB 1082]. 93rd General Assembly.</ref>
* SB 1661 (2002 Induced Birth Infant Liability Act)<ref name=1661a>(2002, April 4). [http://www.ilga.gov/senate/transcripts/strans92/ST040402.pdf 92nd General Assembly Regular Session Senate Transcript]. ''State of Illinois''. pp. 29-35.</ref><ref name=1661b>State of Illinois. [http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/legisnet92/sbgroups/sb/920SB1661LV.html 92nd General Assembly Legislation: SB 1661].</ref>
* SB 1662 (2002)<ref>''State of Illinois''. [http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/legisnet92/sbgroups/sb/920SB1662LV.html 92nd General Assembly Legislation: SB 1662].</ref>
* SB 1093 (2001 Born Alive Infants Protection Act)<ref name=1093a>(2001, March 30). [http://www.ilga.gov/senate/transcripts/strans92/ST033001.pdf 92nd General Assembly Regular Session Senate Transcript]. ''State of Illinois''. pp. 84-88.</ref><ref name=1093b>[http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/legisnet92/status/920SB1093.html Status of SB 1093]. 92nd General Assembly. ILGA.gov.</ref>
* SB 1094 (2001 Induced Birth Infant Liability Act)<ref>''Illinois General Assembly''. [http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/legisnet92/status/920SB1094.html Status of SB 1094]. 92nd General Assembly.</ref><ref>
(2001, March 30). [http://www.ilga.gov/senate/transcripts/strans92/ST033001.pdf 92nd General Assembly Regular Session Senate Transcript]. ''State of Illinois''. pp. 88-89. </ref>
* SB 1095 (2001 Partial Birth Abortion Ban Act)<ref>''Illinois General Assembly''. [http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/ilcs/ilcs3.asp?ActID=1929&ChapAct=720%26nbsp%3BILCS%26nbsp%3B513%2F&ChapterID=53&ChapterName=CRIMINAL+OFFENSES&ActName=Partial-birth+Abortion+Ban+Act Criminal Offenses: 720 ILCS/513/ Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act]. Illinois Compiled Statutes.</ref><ref>Illinois General Assembly. [http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/legisnet92/status/920SB1095.html Status of SB 1095]. 92nd General Assembly.</ref><ref>State of Illinois. [http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/votehistory/srollcalls92/920sb1095_03302001_030000t.pdf 92nd General Assembly Senate Vote: Senate Bill No. 1095].</ref><ref>(2001, March 30). [http://www.ilga.gov/senate/transcripts/strans92/ST033001.pdf 92nd General Assembly Regular Session Senate Transcript]. State of Illinois. pp. 89-90.</ref>
* SB 230 (1997 Partial-birth Abortion Ban Act)<ref>''Illinois General Assembly''. [http://www.ilga.gov/legislation/legisnet90/status/900SB0230.html 90th General Assembly: Status of SB 0230].</ref><ref>(1997, March 18). [http://www.ilga.gov/senate/transcripts/strans90/ST031897.pdf 90th General Assembly Regular Session Senate Transcript]. ''State of Illinois''. pp. 59-66.</ref>

His exact words on the Senate floor (see [[Obama_born_alive_controversy#1996-2003_Illinois_Senate_Transcripts|1996-2003 Illinois Senate Transcripts]]) show that he recognized at the time newborn children were being left to die but opposed the bills for various reasons, including that (a) the child wasn't born to a full 9-month term and therefore is a pre-viable fetus, (b) The Illinois Medical Society opposed the bill, and (c) if children were being left to die an abortion physician would care for the child and requiring a 2nd physician verify the child is alive just burdens abortion doctors.

The issue resurfaced in February 2012 when Newt Gingrich said, "If we’re going to have a debate about who the extremist is on these issues, it is President Obama, who as a state senator voted to protect doctors who killed babies who survived the abortion"<ref>Woodward, C. & Raum, T. (2012, February 23). "[http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2012/feb/23/gop-debate-candidates-errant-claims-auto-bailout/?page=all#pagebreak FACT CHECK: Candidates make errant claims during GOP debate]." ''Associated Press''.</ref>. Rick Santorum likewise repeated this, saying, "any child born prematurely, according to the president, in his own words, can be killed."<ref>Yellin, J. & Metzger, T. (2012, February 24). "[http://articles.cnn.com/2012-02-24/politics/politics_fact-checking-gingrich-infanticide-charge_1_bar-abortions-opponents-of-abortion-rights-barack-obama?_s=PM:POLITICS Fact-checking Gingrich's charge Obama voted in favor of 'infanticide']." ''CNN Politics''.</ref> Newt Gingrich later accused the national media of not covering Obama's controversial history on the Born Alive bills.<ref>Brennan, P. (2012, February 29). "[http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/292204/obama-s-infanticide-votes-patrick-brennan Obama's Infanticide Votes]." ''National Review''.<br>Farley, R. (2012, February 23). "[http://www.factcheck.org/2012/02/did-elite-media-ignore-infanticide/ Did Elite Media Ignore Infanticide?]" ''FactCheck.org''.</ref>

== Birth Certificate Controversy ==
The claim that Barack Obama was not born in the U.S. proved a major controversy from 2008. The claims have been based not so much on actual, substantial evidence that he was not born in the U.S., so much as on as whether the evidence that he was is suitable, in short, trying to prove a negative. The following is a timeline of events showing that Obama was born in the United States, and revealing the controversy is unfounded.

* In June 2008 the Obama campaign allowed FactCheck.org to look at his “Certificate of Live Birth” and take photos.<ref>Henig, J. (2008, August 21). Born in the U.S.A. FactCheck.org. Retrieved from http://www.factcheck.org/elections-2008/born_in_the_usa.html</ref>
* In July 2008 a blogger discovered a birth announcement from the Honolulu Advertiser from August 13, 1961 for Barack Obama. It has since been discovered another newspaper, the Star Bulletin, also documented the birth.<ref>Snopes.com. Barack Obama Birth Certificate. Retrieved from http://www.snopes.com/politics/obama/birthcertificate.asp</ref>
* PolitiFact went to extreme lengths to verify Obama’s citizenship, attaining scanned copies of his 1992 marriage certificate from Cook County, IL, his driver’s license record, and his registration and disciplinary record.3 PolitiFact also addressed a number of concerns about the documentation.<ref>Hollyfield, A. (2008, June 27). Obama’s birth certificate: Final chapter. PolitiFact. Retrieved from http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/article/2008/jun/27/obamas-birth-certificate-part-ii/</ref>
* In October 2008 Hawaii’s Department of Health released a statement by Dr. Chiyome Fu.kino verifying that Obama’s birth certificate was on record.<ref>Hawaii Department of Health. News Release: Statement by Dr. Chiyome Fu.kino. Retrieved from http://hawaii.gov/health/about/pr/2008/08-93.pdf</ref>
* In August 2009 it was revealed that an alleged Kenyan birth certificate for Obama was a hoax.<ref>Snopes.com. Kenyan Mistake. Retrieved from http://www.snopes.com/politics/obama/birthers/kenyacert.asp</ref> Another website allows you to create your own imitation Kenyan birth certificates online.<ref>KenyanBirthCertificateGenerator.com. Blue Collar Industries. Retrieved from http://kenyanbirthcertificategenerator.com/</ref>
* On April 27, 2011<ref>CNN Political Unit (2011, April 27). "[http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2011/04/27/white-house-releases-obama-birth-certificate/ White House Releases Obama Birth Certificate]." ''CNN''</ref>, a long-running controversy surrounding Obama's birth was largely put to rest<ref>Winter, J. (2011, April 29). "[http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2011/04/29/expert-says-obamas-birth-certificate-legit/ Expert: No Doubt Obama's Birth Certificate is Legit]." ''FOX News''.<br>Tuchman, G. (2011, April 25). "[http://articles.cnn.com/2011-04-25/politics/birthers.obama.hawaii_1_birther-controversy-obama-opinion-research-corporation?_s=PM:POLITICS Obama Birther Claims Have No Merit]." ''CNN''.<br>(2011, April 27). "[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/42779923/ns/politics-white_house/t/obama-releases-detailed-us-birth-certificate/ Obama Releases Detailed U.S. Birth Certificate]." ''MSNBC''.</ref> when Obama had his long-form birth certificate posted at WhiteHouse.gov.<ref>"[http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/rss_viewer/birth-certificate-long-form.pdf Certificate of Live Birth]." State of Hawaii. Retrieved from ''WhiteHouse.gov''.</ref> Donald Trump, who had attacked Obama on the Birth Certificate issue and was then leading Republicans in polls for the upcoming GOP primary<ref>James, F. (2011, April 15). "[http://www.npr.org/blogs/itsallpolitics/2011/04/15/135446314/poll-donald-trump-birther-darling-leads-gop-field-at-26 Donald Trump, Birther In Chief? Poll Has Him Leading GOP Field with 26 Percent]." ''NPR''.</ref>, was effectively knocked out of the race because of this.<ref>Kapur, S. (2011, May 10). "[http://www.rawstory.com/rs/2011/05/10/trumps-popularity-tanks-after-obama-releases-long-form-birth-certificate/ Trump's Popularity Tanks After Obama Releases Long-Form Birth Certificate]." ''RawStory.com''.</ref>
* In early 2012 Arizona sheriff Joe Arpiao and his investigators know as the "Posse" stated at a press conference that the so-called "birth certificate" of Barack Obama released in digital form on the White House website, was forgery. He proceeded to show how the fake document was digitally created. He showed several videos on how the fraudulent document was made which left little doubt to its inauthenticity.<ref>[Sheriff Joe Arpiao Press Conference 2012 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DGW6WYmcneU]</ref>

== Chicago Politics Controversies ==
=== 1996 Election Controversy ===
: ''Main Article: [[Barack_Obama#1996_Election]]''
Barack Obama ran for the Illinois state senate in 1996. He was initially supported by incumbent Alice Palmer, who declared she would run for the U.S. Congress. However, when her bid for Congress failed on November 28, 1995, she tried to run for her old seat in the March 1996 election. Her supporters asked Obama to step aside, although whether this was with her permission remains uncertain.<ref name=pragmatic>Scott, Janny (2007, July 30). "[http://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/30/us/politics/30obama.html?pagewanted=all In Illinois, Obama Proved Pragmatic and Shrewd]." ''New York Times''.</ref> Not only did Obama not step down, he gathered a team of high-priced lawyers, including fellow Harvard Law School graduate Thomas Johnson, to challenge his opponent's petition signatures on technicalities after the filing deadline had passed. Such tactics are legal and frequently used in Chicago; in 2006 they eliminated 67 of the 245 aldermanic candidates;<ref name=bareknuckle>Jackson, David & Long, Ray (2007, April 4). "[http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/politics/obama/chi-0704030881apr04-archive,0,1523598,full.story Barack Obama: Showing His Bare Knuckles]." ''Chicago Tribune''.</ref> yet nevertheless led to the term "hardball" by the ''New York Times''<ref name=pragmatic /> and "cutthroat" by David Mendel as reported by both ''CNN''<ref name=revealed>Malveaux, Suzanne (2008, August 20). "[http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0808/20/se.02.html Barack Obama Revealed]." ''CNN''.</ref> and ''MSNBC''.<ref name=msnbc>''MSNBC'' (2008, February 20). "[http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/23257295/ns/msnbc_tv-documentaries/t/obama-becomes-rising-star-among-democrats/ Obama Becomes Rising Star Among Democrats]."</ref> The ''Chicago Tribune'' declared Obama had mastered "the bare-knuckle arts of Chicago electoral politics", noting "The man now running for president on a message of giving a voice to the voiceless first entered public office not by leveling the playing field, but by clearing it."<ref name=bareknuckle /> As one of Obama's four opponents, eliminated through his ballot challenges, would put it: {{cquote|"Why say you're for a new tomorrow, then do old-style Chicago politics to remove legitimate candidates? He talks about honor and democracy, but what honor is there in getting rid of every other candidate so you can run scot-free? Why not let the people decide?"
-Gha-is Askia, 1996 Illinois Senate candidate<ref>Jackson, David & Long, Ray (2007, April 3). "[http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/politics/obama/chi-070403obama-ballot-archive,0,5297304,full.story Obama Knows His Way Around a Ballot]." ''Chicago Tribune''.</ref>}} Mark Ewell, another candidate, filed 1,286 signatures, and Obama's challenges left him 86 short of the minimum requirement (757<ref name=spivak>Spivak, Todd (2008, February 28). "[http://www.houstonpress.com/2008-02-28/news/barack-obama-screamed-at-me/ Barack Obama and Me]." ''Houston Press''.</ref>). Ewell filed a federal lawsuit contesting the election board's decision but Tom Johnson intervened, and Ewell's case was dismissed just a few days later. Ewell and other Obama opponents were using early 1995 polling sheets to verify signatures of registered voters, but city authorities had just purged 15,871 unqualified people from the 13th district list, and Obama's challenges used the more recent, updated list. Askia was left 69 signatures short of the requirement. If names were printed instead of signed in cursive, they were declared invalid. If they were good but the person registering the signatures wasn't a registered voter (e.g. underage) they were invalid.<ref name=hardball>Griffin, Drew & Johnston, Kathleen (2008, May 29). "[http://articles.cnn.com/2008-05-29/politics/obamas.first.campaign_1_obama-campaign-barack-obama-chicago-politics?_s=PM:POLITICS Obama Played Hardball in First Chicago Campaign]." ''CNN''.</ref> Palmer had according to Obama campaign consult Ronald Davis, used two children to help gather her petition signatures. To this day Palmer denies the challenges were valid, and maintains she could have overcome the objections with more time and resources.<ref name=bareknuckle /> Thanks to his lawyers, Obama would win the election without a single other candidate on the ballot.

=== 2003 Emil Jones Deal Controversy ===
: ''Main Article: [[2003 Barack Obama deal with Emil Jones]]''
When Illinois' U.S. Senator Peter Fitzgerald announced he would be retiring in April 2003, Obama jumped at the opportunity, declaring that he would be a candidate for the U.S. Senate in 2004.<ref name=msnbc /> To boost his chances at reaching the U.S. Congress in the 2004 elections, in 2003 Barack Obama approached the newly crowned head of the Illinois Senate, Emil Jones Jr., with a proposal. According to Jones, who Obama has since called his "godfather"<ref name=godfather>''Associated Press'' (2009, June 18). "[http://www.cbsnews.com/2100-250_162-3983147.html Obama's Political 'Godfather' In Illinois]."</ref> the conversation went as follows:[[Image:Emil Jones.jpg|frame|right|Left to Right, Rod Blagojevich, Emil Jones, and Jeffrey Schoenberg.]] {{cquote|"After I was elected president, in 2003, he came to see me, a couple months later. And he said to me, he said, ‘You’re the senate president now, and with that, you have a lot of pow-er.’ And I told Barack, ‘You think I got a lot of pow-er now?,’ and he said, ‘Yeah, you got a lot of pow-er.’ And I said, ‘What kind of pow-er do I have?’ He said, ‘You have the pow-er to make a United States sen-a-tor!’ I said to Barack, I said, ‘That sounds good!’ I said, ‘I haven’t even thought of that.’ I said, ‘Do you have someone in mind you think I could make?,’ and he said, ‘Yeah. Me.’ "<ref name=raisingobama>Purdum, Todd (2008, March). "[http://www.vanityfair.com/politics/features/2008/03/obama200803 Raising Obama]." ''Vanity Fair''.</ref><ref name=pragmatic />}} Because of the deal, Obama's entire Illinois Senate legislative record was, as longtime Obama reporter Todd Spivak put it, built in a single year. During his 7th and final year in the Illinois Senate, Obama sponsored an incredible 26 bills into law, including many he now points to when criticized as inexperienced<ref name=spivak /> - as ''CNN's'' Suzanne Malveaux observed, "With help from on high, Obama got his name on hundreds of bills that he pushed through."<ref name=revealed /> Jones not only had Obama craft legislation addressing daily tragedies to raise his political profile<ref name=godfather />, he also appointed Obama head of almost all high-profile legislation in the Illinois Senate, angering other state legislators with more seniority who'd spent years supporting the bills.<ref name=spivak /> Illinois State Senator Rickey Hendon, the original sponsor of the famous racial profiling bill requiring videotaped confessions in police interrogations, complained bitterly about Jones' decision.<ref name=revealed /><ref name=intheblack>Spivak, Todd (2004, March 25). "[http://www.illinoistimes.com/Springfield/article-922-in-the-black.html In the Black]." ''Illinois Times''.</ref> Jones' influence had a major impact on Obama's chances in the 2004 elections, preventing major political players from backing Obama's opponents. To quote Emil Jones, {{cquote|"He knew if he had me in the run for the Senate, it would put a block on the current mayor. The current mayor and the father of the controller, which was Dan Hynes, they were roommates in Springfield when the mayor was a state senator, so they had a relationship. Another big financial backer for the governor was Blair Hull. Barack knew if he had me it would checkmate the governor, ’cause the governor couldn’t come out and go with Blair Hull, ’cause the governor needs me. Same with the mayor. So he had analyzed and figured all of that out. He knew I could help him with labor support. And I could put a checkmate on some of the local politicians that didn’t know him, but they couldn’t really go against me."
-Emil Jones<ref name=raisingobama />}}

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

[[Category:US president]]

Tito

2012-06-02T00:19:58Z

Dwain:

'''Josip Broz Tito''' (1892–1980) was a Croat and the leader of [[Yugoslavia]], which existed from 1943 until 1991. Tito spent much time in Russia and became a member of the [[Comintern]], returned to Yugoslavia during [[World War II]] and the Comintern [[Yugoslav Partisans]]. After World War II he defied [[Soviet]] influence and founded the Non-Aligned Movement.

==Betrayal of the London exiles==

In 1940 the German army invaded Yugoslavia and swiftly reduced it to submission. The government of Yugoslavia joined other [[Allied Powers]] exile governments in London, became a signatory of the [[Atlantic Charter]], and held recognition as the legitimate government of Yugoslavia. Colonel [[Draja Mikhailovitch]] remained behind in Yugoslavia to lead the Chetnik underground army in the fight for the [[right of self determination of peoples]] against the fascists. <ref>David Martin, ''Ally Betrayed,'' Prentice-Hall, 1946, pps. 224-231,</ref>

In the United States, [[Louis Adamic]] had access to [[Eleanor Roosevelt]]. Adamic was invited to dinner at the [[White House]] and pressed upon U.S. President [[Franklin Roosevelt]] for support of the [[Comintern]] [[subversion (political)|subversive]] Tito over Allied Colonel Draja Mikhailovitch. The U.S. [[Office of War Information]] began spreading subversive [[disinformation]] that the leader of the anti-fascist resistance, Mikhailovitch was an ineffectual leader with so little backing that Hitler offered a reward of 100,000 marks for Tito's head but nothing for Mikhailovitch's.

This disinformation campiagn against Mikhailovitch and the promotion of Tito were repeated in other mainstream magazines for the American publics consumption. Frank Gervasi in ''Collier's'' wrote how Tito led 250,000 men while Mikhailovitch had no more than 10,000. The Yugoslav government - in - exile in London continued to support Mikhailovitch. The British Foreign Office in its dealings with the [[Josef Stalin]] closed the British Broadcasting Company to the Yugoslav government - in - exile and a little later put the broadcast facilities at the disposal of the Comintern Partisans of Tito.

President [[Franklin Roosevelt]] in 1942 had paid tribute to Mikhailovitch and his daring men. But at the [[Teheran conference]], as part of the policy of appeasing Stalin, Roosevelt and [[Winston Churchill]] abandoned Mikhailovitch completely and yielded to Soviet’s choice of Tito. Shortly after the Teheran conference, Churchill in a speech in February 1944 indicated that the allies were no longer sending supplies to Mikhailovitch. Two months later King Peter, the Yugslavian Head of State was forced to dismiss Premier Purich, which meant the entire cabinet in which Mikhailovitch was Minister of War. The Communist Subasich was made Prime Minister. With the subsequent Russian invasion and the aid of American supplies, the Communists and Tito were took control. Mikhailovitch, an Atlantic Charter ally, was shot by Tito as a traitor.

==Break with Moscow==

"Stop sending people to kill me," Tito once wrote to [[Joseph Stalin]]. "If you don't stop sending killers, I'll send one to Moscow, and I won't have to send a second." [[Stalin]] expelled the [[Yugoslav Communist Party]] on June 28, 1948. Tito was perhaps the only person who stood up to Stalin and survived.

==See also==
*[[Kim Philby]]

==References==
<references/>

{{DEFAULTSORT: Broz, Josip}}
[[Category:Communists]]
[[Category:Dictators]]
[[Category:European History]]

Tito

2012-06-02T00:19:07Z

Dwain: /* Leading the Yugoslav Partisans */

'''Josip Broz Tito''' (born Josip Broz, 1892–1980) was an ethnic [[Croatia|Croat]] who led [[Yugoslavia]], from 1943 until his death. Tito was an independent Communist. Tito spent much time in the [[Soviet Union]] and became a member of the [[Comintern]]. He became general secretary of the Yugoslav Communist Party (CPY) in 1937 and returned to Yugoslavia during [[World War II]] and led the [[Yugoslav Partisans]]. After World War II he defied [[Stalin]] and founded the Non-Aligned Movement and received military and economic aid from the United States. Throughout his rule, he served as the prevailing force holding Yugoslavia together; almost immediately upon his death, it disintegrated into chaos and civil war.
[[File:Tito1.jpg|thumb|230px]]
==Early life==
Born to a peasant family with 15 children in [[Croatia]], Broz became a locksmith. He was drafted in [[World War I]] by the Austro-Hungarian army and became a sergeant. He was wounded and taken prisoner by the Russians; in prison camp he learned about Bolshevism. He escaped, joined the Red Army and became a Communist.

Returning home in 1920, Broz led an active career as a revolutionary, and was jailed several times. In 1927 he became secretary of the Zagreb committee of the outlawed Communist Party, and by 1934 he had become a member of the Yugoslav party's Politburo. In 1936 he went to Moscow as a member of the Comintern's Balkan secretariat. In 1937 he became secretary general of the party in Yugoslavia, the top position, and started calling himself "Tito."

==Leading the Yugoslav Partisans==

In 1941 Nazi Germany invaded Yugoslavia and swiftly reduced it to submission. The government of Yugoslavia fled and joined other exile governments in London. Colonel [[Draja Mikhailovitch]] remained behind in Yugoslavia to lead the Chetnik army to lead the Chetnik underground army in the fight for the [[right of self determination of peoples]] against the fascists. <ref>David Martin, ''Ally Betrayed,'' Prentice-Hall, 1946, pps. 224-231,</ref>. The Chetniks' prime goals were the destruction of Communism and the fight for a Greater Serbia (Chetniksdestruction often slaughtered Croats and Bosnians on nationally-mixed teritories)<ref>[http://www.hic.hr/books/seeurope/013e-dizdar.htm A symposium about chetnik crimes in Bosnia]</ref>. The Yugoslav government-in-exile in London continued to support Mikhailovitch and his Chetniks. The British Foreign Office cut a middle path; it denied use of BBC radio to the exiles.

Tito organized guerrilla bands-- at first but a handful of men and women--called partisans. He directed their strategy and personally led them in battle, not only against the Germans and Italians, but also against the supporters of the royal government-in exile, commanded by Gen. Mihajlovic.

As the partisans' successes mounted and their ranks swelled, Tito found himself engaged in high-level international politics. He entered into military assistance arrangements with the British and Americans. President [[Franklin Roosevelt]] at the [[Tehran conference]] in 1943, joined with [[Winston Churchill]] and Stalin in support of Tito. Churchill in February 1944 indicated Britain was no longer sending supplies to Mikhailovitch. Tito took control of the anti-Nazi forces and after the war Mikhailovitch was executed as a collaborator with the Nazis.

Tito he was less successful in getting aid from the Russians. Tito's criticism of this Kremlin policy and his insistent demands for Soviet aid irritated [[Joseph Stalin]] and caused a level of mutual distrust that led to the split in 1948.

After the Russians liberated Belgrade in 1944, Tito was militarily strong enough to secure the immediate departure of the Red Army from Yugoslavia. On March 7, 1945, Tito--who had already appointed himself a marshal--became premier and minister of defense. In 1953 he was elected president.

==Break-up with Moscow==
The Soviet army never reached Yugoslavia, or else the Soviets might have seized control. Instead Tito installed a comprehensive dictatorship of the Communist Party.

When Tito refused to obey Stalin's orders, he was denounced<ref>
"Stop sending people to kill me," Tito once wrote to [[Joseph Stalin]]. "If you don't stop sending killers, I'll send one to Moscow, and I won't have to send a second." </ref> and his party was read out of the Cominform, on June 28, 1948. The excommunication stunned Tito and his top leaders. They reoriented their party: although they still called themselves Communists, their new model of Communism involved sweeping decentralization, an increase in personal freedom, and opposition to military blocs both East and West. Furthermore, now supported by military and economic aid from the United States, Tito no longer saw the capitalist West as implacably hostile.

==Cold War==
[[Image:Josip Broz Tito.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Marshall Tito in 1971 during a visit to the Nixon White House.]]
"Titoism" meant a form of Communism trying to be independent from the Soviet Union. Tito accepted fellow Yugoslav Communist Milovan Djilas's proposal of self-management of factories to show that Yugoslavia was more communist than the Soviet Union yet more democratic than the West. The new constitutional law of 1953 contained the concept of socialist direct democracy as the expression of the working people through self-management. With the death of Stalin, Tito was reconciled with the Soviet leaders, and Djilas's attempt to apply criticism of Soviet Communism to Yugoslavia led to his trials and incarceration. Liberalization of Communism ended in Yugoslavia and Tito turned his ambitions as a leader outside the two blocs, to the countries of the Third World. Tito then followed an independent course in foreign affairs--maintaining good relations with the East European Communist satellite states, while establishing ties with the Western powers and nonaligned nations. He built a multiethnic Communist state notable for its policies of economic decentralization and increased worker participation in government.
==Further reading==
* Barnett, Neil. ''Tito'' (2006) [http://www.amazon.com/Tito-Life-Times-Neil-Barnett/dp/1904950310/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1243458862&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Beloff, Nora. ''Tito's Flawed Legacy: Yugoslavia and the West since 1939.'' (1986). 287 pp.
* Brands, Henry W. "Redefining the Cold War: American Policy toward Yugoslavia, 1948–60," ''Diplomatic History'' (1987) v.11 #1 pp 41-54
* Dedijer, Vladimir. ''Tito'' (1972), official biography; pro-Tito [http://www.questia.com/read/10940542?title=Tito online edition]
* Djilas, Milovan. ''Tito: The Story from Inside'' (1980) highly revealing memoir by top aide.
* Korbel, Josef. ''Tito's Communism'' (1951) 370 pp. [http://www.questia.com/read/3758805?title=Tito's%20Communism online edition]
* Lees, Lorraine M. "The American Decision to Assist Tito, 1948–1949," ''Diplomatic History'' (1978) v. 2 #4, pp 407-422; online at [[Wiley Interscience]]
* Lees, Lorraine M. ''Keeping Tito Afloat: The United States, Yugoslavia, and the Cold War'' (1996) 247pp [http://www.questia.com/read/9375187?title=Keeping%20Tito%20Afloat%3a%20The%20United%20States%2c%20Yugoslavia%2c%20and%20the%20Cold%20War online edition]
* Pavlowitch, Stevan K. ''Tito, Yugoslavia's Great Dictator'' (1992).
* Roberts, Walter R. ''Tito, Mihailovich, and the Allies, 1941-1945'' (1973) [http://www.questia.com/read/97541664?title=Tito%2c%20Mihailoviac%20and%20the%20Allies%2c%201941-1945 online edition]
* Vucinich, Wayne S., ed. ''At the Brink of War and Peace: The Tito-Stalin Split in a Historic Perspective.'' (1982). 341 pp.
* West, Richard. ''Tito and the Rise and Fall of Yugoslavia.'' (1995). 448 pp. [http://www.amazon.com/Tito-Rise-Fall-Yugoslavia-Richard/dp/0786703326/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1243458862&sr=1-2 excerpt and text search]
* [http://www.questia.com/library/history/european-history/southern-europe/josip-broz-tito.jsp online books on Tito]

==References==
<references/>

{{DEFAULTSORT: Tito}}
[[Category:Communists]]
[[Category:World War II]]
[[Category:Dictators]]
[[Category:European History]]
[[Category:Cold War]]
[[Category:Balkans]]

Tito

2012-06-02T00:16:16Z

Dwain: /* Leading the Yugoslav Partisans */ removed false information

'''Josip Broz Tito''' (born Josip Broz, 1892–1980) was an ethnic [[Croatia|Croat]] who led [[Yugoslavia]], from 1943 until his death. Tito was an independent Communist. Tito spent much time in the [[Soviet Union]] and became a member of the [[Comintern]]. He became general secretary of the Yugoslav Communist Party (CPY) in 1937 and returned to Yugoslavia during [[World War II]] and led the [[Yugoslav Partisans]]. After World War II he defied [[Stalin]] and founded the Non-Aligned Movement and received military and economic aid from the United States. Throughout his rule, he served as the prevailing force holding Yugoslavia together; almost immediately upon his death, it disintegrated into chaos and civil war.
[[File:Tito1.jpg|thumb|230px]]
==Early life==
Born to a peasant family with 15 children in [[Croatia]], Broz became a locksmith. He was drafted in [[World War I]] by the Austro-Hungarian army and became a sergeant. He was wounded and taken prisoner by the Russians; in prison camp he learned about Bolshevism. He escaped, joined the Red Army and became a Communist.

Returning home in 1920, Broz led an active career as a revolutionary, and was jailed several times. In 1927 he became secretary of the Zagreb committee of the outlawed Communist Party, and by 1934 he had become a member of the Yugoslav party's Politburo. In 1936 he went to Moscow as a member of the Comintern's Balkan secretariat. In 1937 he became secretary general of the party in Yugoslavia, the top position, and started calling himself "Tito."

==Leading the Yugoslav Partisans==

In 1941 Nazi Germany invaded Yugoslavia and swiftly reduced it to submission. The government of Yugoslavia fled and joined other exile governments in London. Colonel [[Draja Mikhailovitch]] remained behind in Yugoslavia to lead the Chetnik army<ref>David Martin, ''Ally Betrayed,'' Prentice-Hall, 1946, pp.. 224-231,</ref>. The Chetniks' prime goals were the dectruction of Communism and the fight for a Greater Serbia (Chetniksdestruction often slaughtered Croats and Bosnians on nationally-mixed teritories)<ref>[http://www.hic.hr/books/seeurope/013e-dizdar.htm A symposium about chetnik crimes in Bosnia]</ref>. The Yugoslav government-in-exile in London continued to support Mikhailovitch and his Chetniks. The British Foreign Office cut a middle path; it denied use of BBC radio to the exiles.

Tito organized guerrilla bands-- at first but a handful of men and women--called partisans. He directed their strategy and personally led them in battle, not only against the Germans and Italians, but also against the supporters of the royal government-in exile, commanded by Gen. Mihajlovic.

As the partisans' successes mounted and their ranks swelled, Tito found himself engaged in high-level international politics. He entered into military assistance arrangements with the British and Americans. President [[Franklin Roosevelt]] at the [[Tehran conference]] in 1943, joined with [[Winston Churchill]] and Stalin in support of Tito. Churchill in February 1944 indicated Britain was no longer sending supplies to Mikhailovitch. Tito took control of the anti-Nazi forces and after the war Mikhailovitch was executed as a collaborator with the Nazis.

Tito he was less successful in getting aid from the Russians. Tito's criticism of this Kremlin policy and his insistent demands for Soviet aid irritated [[Joseph Stalin]] and caused a level of mutual distrust that led to the split in 1948.

After the Russians liberated Belgrade in 1944, Tito was militarily strong enough to secure the immediate departure of the Red Army from Yugoslavia. On March 7, 1945, Tito--who had already appointed himself a marshal--became premier and minister of defense. In 1953 he was elected president.

==Break-up with Moscow==
The Soviet army never reached Yugoslavia, or else the Soviets might have seized control. Instead Tito installed a comprehensive dictatorship of the Communist Party.

When Tito refused to obey Stalin's orders, he was denounced<ref>
"Stop sending people to kill me," Tito once wrote to [[Joseph Stalin]]. "If you don't stop sending killers, I'll send one to Moscow, and I won't have to send a second." </ref> and his party was read out of the Cominform, on June 28, 1948. The excommunication stunned Tito and his top leaders. They reoriented their party: although they still called themselves Communists, their new model of Communism involved sweeping decentralization, an increase in personal freedom, and opposition to military blocs both East and West. Furthermore, now supported by military and economic aid from the United States, Tito no longer saw the capitalist West as implacably hostile.

==Cold War==
[[Image:Josip Broz Tito.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Marshall Tito in 1971 during a visit to the Nixon White House.]]
"Titoism" meant a form of Communism trying to be independent from the Soviet Union. Tito accepted fellow Yugoslav Communist Milovan Djilas's proposal of self-management of factories to show that Yugoslavia was more communist than the Soviet Union yet more democratic than the West. The new constitutional law of 1953 contained the concept of socialist direct democracy as the expression of the working people through self-management. With the death of Stalin, Tito was reconciled with the Soviet leaders, and Djilas's attempt to apply criticism of Soviet Communism to Yugoslavia led to his trials and incarceration. Liberalization of Communism ended in Yugoslavia and Tito turned his ambitions as a leader outside the two blocs, to the countries of the Third World. Tito then followed an independent course in foreign affairs--maintaining good relations with the East European Communist satellite states, while establishing ties with the Western powers and nonaligned nations. He built a multiethnic Communist state notable for its policies of economic decentralization and increased worker participation in government.
==Further reading==
* Barnett, Neil. ''Tito'' (2006) [http://www.amazon.com/Tito-Life-Times-Neil-Barnett/dp/1904950310/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1243458862&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Beloff, Nora. ''Tito's Flawed Legacy: Yugoslavia and the West since 1939.'' (1986). 287 pp.
* Brands, Henry W. "Redefining the Cold War: American Policy toward Yugoslavia, 1948–60," ''Diplomatic History'' (1987) v.11 #1 pp 41-54
* Dedijer, Vladimir. ''Tito'' (1972), official biography; pro-Tito [http://www.questia.com/read/10940542?title=Tito online edition]
* Djilas, Milovan. ''Tito: The Story from Inside'' (1980) highly revealing memoir by top aide.
* Korbel, Josef. ''Tito's Communism'' (1951) 370 pp. [http://www.questia.com/read/3758805?title=Tito's%20Communism online edition]
* Lees, Lorraine M. "The American Decision to Assist Tito, 1948–1949," ''Diplomatic History'' (1978) v. 2 #4, pp 407-422; online at [[Wiley Interscience]]
* Lees, Lorraine M. ''Keeping Tito Afloat: The United States, Yugoslavia, and the Cold War'' (1996) 247pp [http://www.questia.com/read/9375187?title=Keeping%20Tito%20Afloat%3a%20The%20United%20States%2c%20Yugoslavia%2c%20and%20the%20Cold%20War online edition]
* Pavlowitch, Stevan K. ''Tito, Yugoslavia's Great Dictator'' (1992).
* Roberts, Walter R. ''Tito, Mihailovich, and the Allies, 1941-1945'' (1973) [http://www.questia.com/read/97541664?title=Tito%2c%20Mihailoviac%20and%20the%20Allies%2c%201941-1945 online edition]
* Vucinich, Wayne S., ed. ''At the Brink of War and Peace: The Tito-Stalin Split in a Historic Perspective.'' (1982). 341 pp.
* West, Richard. ''Tito and the Rise and Fall of Yugoslavia.'' (1995). 448 pp. [http://www.amazon.com/Tito-Rise-Fall-Yugoslavia-Richard/dp/0786703326/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1243458862&sr=1-2 excerpt and text search]
* [http://www.questia.com/library/history/european-history/southern-europe/josip-broz-tito.jsp online books on Tito]

==References==
<references/>

{{DEFAULTSORT: Tito}}
[[Category:Communists]]
[[Category:World War II]]
[[Category:Dictators]]
[[Category:European History]]
[[Category:Cold War]]
[[Category:Balkans]]

John Gibbs (Burgess)

2012-02-17T07:26:49Z

Dwain:

'''Lt. John Gibbs''' (d. March 22, 1622) is an early American settler and member of the Virginia House of Burgesses.

John Gibbs was born in [[England]]. He arrived at [[Jamestown, Virginia|Jamestown]] before 1619.

Gibbs was a Representative from Captain Wardes Plantation along with Captain John Warde at the first House of Burgesses meeting in Virginia held in the choir of the Church of Jamestown.<ref>[http://www.nps.gov/archive/colo/Jthanout/1stASSLY.html The First Legislative Assembly]</ref>

Many of the Burgesses were ill and suffered from the heat and humidity. One Burgess, Mr. Shelley, representing Smythes Hundred died on August 1, 1619. The Governor, Sir [[George Yeardley]] decided to end the meeting after six days.

Sometime after August 1619 he moved to Westover and received his own divided land. Lt. Gibbs did not survive the March 22, 1622 Indian attack of the Virginia Colony.<ref>Virginia Immigrants and Adventurers 1607-1635: A Biographical Dictionary, [[Martha W. McCartney]], page 325.</ref>

== References ==
<div class="references-small" style="-moz-column-count:2; column-count:2;">
<small><references/></small>
</div>

[[Category:United States History Figures]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gibbs, John}}

Olivia Floyd

2011-12-30T17:01:30Z

Dwain: I am the sole author of this entry.

'''Annie Olivia Floyd''' (July 2, 1826 – December 8, 1905) was a Confederate spy during the American Civil War.

Olivia Floyd was the daughter of David and Sarah (Semmes) Floyd. After her brother Robert Floyd, who fought for the Confederacy, was killed in action Olivia began helping the war effort for the South as a spy. She often used a hollowed out toy boat that her brother Robert had made as a place to hold secret messages. An arrest warrant was taken out against her during the Civil War caused by her "disloyal" activities.<ref>The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union, U. S. War Department, page 698.</ref>

In later life Olivia Floyd lived at Rose Hill at Port Tobacco in Charles Co., Maryland. Floyd died on December 8, 1905 in Maryland.

== References ==
<references/>

== External links ==
* [http://www.aboutfamouspeople.com/article1201.html About Famous People]
* [http://porttobacco.blogspot.com/2008/03/miss-olivia-floyd.html Port Tobacco Archaeological Project]

Talk:Early life and career of Barack Hussein Obama

2011-11-09T20:27:52Z

Dwain: Assertions concerning Barack Obama's Sexual Preference

== Assertions concerning Barack Obama's Sexual Preference ==

I noticed that there is no mention regarding books and articles which discuss Obama's homosexual liaisons during his marriage and senate career. If there was only one claim to this by Larry Sinclair it may not be enough to document however, apparently, there is much more information out there. Here is an article that I just noticed bringing up Obama's Chicago bath house exploits: [http://hillbuzz.org/2011/11/07/why-wont-the-agenda-driven-media-report-on-barack-obama-being-gay-dating-actor-kal-penn-and-frequenting-chicago-bathhouse-mans-country-you-know-the-way-they-leaped-to-trash-herman-cain-with-u/]. [[User:Dwain|Dwain]]

Joseph F. Lamb

2011-04-27T03:36:54Z

Dwain:

'''Joseph Francis Lamb''' (December 6, 1887 – September 3, 1960) was an important American Ragtime composer.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lamb, Joseph}}
[[Category: Composers]]
[[Category: Pianists]]

Joseph F. Lamb

2011-04-27T03:36:01Z

Dwain:

'''Joseph Francis Lamb''' (December 6, 1887 – September 3, 1960) was an important American Ragtime composer.

Joseph F. Lamb

2011-04-27T03:35:44Z

Dwain: Started new article on important Ragtime composer.

Joseph Francis Lamb (December 6, 1887 – September 3, 1960) was an important American Ragtime composer.

George A. Borgman

2011-04-27T03:32:09Z

Dwain: /* Early life */ spelling

'''George Allan Borgman'''<ref>''Who's Who in America'', 1994, 48th Edition, Vol. 1, page 362</ref> (January 22, 1928 - October 26, 2009) was a musicologist, freelance jazz journalist, and was contributing editor and columnist for ''The Mississippi Rag''.

== Early life ==
Borgman was born on January 22, 1928 in St. Louis, Missouri, the only child of Herman Francis and Martha Vivien (Wecker) Borgman. He grew up in St. Louis and attended the St. Louis Institute of Music, where he earned a Bachelor of Music degree and Indiana University, Bloomington, where he received a master's degree in musicology.<ref>''Who's Who in America'', 1994, 48th Edition, Vol. 1, page 362</ref>

Borgman played saxophone and clarinet with such big bands as Larry Tice's Orchestra (1946), Jack Everett's Orchestra (1946) and Jack Staulcup's Orchestra (1950). He was a member of the U.S. Army from 1946 to 1948, playing clarinet in an Army band in Heidelberg, Germany, where he took a music appreciation course at Heidelberg University. From 1953 to 1957, he worked as a high school band<ref>Patterson's American Education, Volume 53, Homer L. Patterson, page 47, 1956.</ref> and chorus director, two years in Colorado<ref>Patterson's American Education, Volume 53, Homer L. Patterson, page 47, 1956.</ref> and two years in Nevada. He married Janet Ferroli, a Bostonian, in February 1957. In Spring and Summer 1957, Borgman took a television production course at the School of Radio Technique, New York City. He subsequently worked as a lighting assistant on the Drew Pearson and Quentin Reynolds TV documentaries, and he also worked as a film editor in New York. In 1958, he was a film editor and TV cameraman at KOMU, Missouri University's commercial (NBC affiliate) TV station in Columbia.<ref>''Who's Who in America'', 1994, 48th Edition, Vol. 1, page 362</ref>

== Military career ==
In September 1958, Borgman rejoined the United States Army in order to get into the Counter Intelligence Corps. After attending the Intelligence School, Fort Holabird, Maryland, he was assigned to a CIC unit in West Berlin. During his Army career, he was a special agent in the CIC, Military Intelligence and the Defense Investigative Service, working mostly in civilian clothes, and spent almost ten years in West Germany, about five years in Washington, D.C., and one year in the Republic of Vietnam. His military rank at retirement in September 1979 was Chief Warrant Officer 3.<ref>''Who's Who in America'', 1994, 48th Edition, Vol. 1, page 362</ref>

== Jazz journalist ==
In the early 1980s, he worked as an investigator for the Wackenhut Corporation and almost five years as a personnel security specialist (Department of Army Civilian), U.S. Army Military Personnel Center, Alexandria, Virginia.<ref>''Who's Who in America'', 1994, 48th Edition, Vol. 1, page 362</ref> He later worked six years as a sportswriter for a group of suburban newspapers in the Boston area.<ref>''Who's Who in America'', 1994, 48th Edition, Vol. 1, page 362</ref> In 1988, he began writing stories for jazz periodicals, mostly about traditional jazz and ragtime, although he has also written about swing, big bands, bebop and modern jazz. He claims that his military experience in conducting interrogations has helped him in interviewing musicians.<ref>[http://imdb.com/name/nm1744354/bio Internet Movie Database]</ref>

Borgman's reviews of jazz recordings and books have appeared in such periodicals as the ''IAJRC Journal'', ''Cadence'', ''Joslin's Jazz Journal'', ''TJ Today'' and since 1992, ''The Mississippi Rag'', for which he wrote a monthly column, "Yankee Jazz Beat"<ref>Internet Movie Database</ref><ref>''Who's Who in America'', 1994, 48th Edition, Vol. 1, page 362</ref> up until the newspaper went defunct in 2009 upon the death of its owner [[Leslie Johnson]].

Borgman has written numerous reviews, in-depth articles on the history of jazz and on numerous jazz musicians including jazz drummer [[Tommy Benford]], ragtime composer [[Joseph F. Lamb]],<ref>Ragging It: Getting Ragtime Into History (and Some History Into Ragytime), H. Loring White, page 311, 2005.</ref> Ruby Braff, [[Al Casey]], [[Buzzy Drootin]], Sabby Lewis, Stan McDonald, Chuck Folds, Stan Kenton, et al.<ref>''The Mississippi Rag'' - various issues</ref> His most recent in-depth aritcle was on Glen Gray and the [[Casa Loma Orchestra]], in the October 2006 issue of ''The Mississippi Rag''.

In the mid-1990s he was voted in the top 12 jazz critics in the ''Jazz Beat'' poll. He was a member of the Jazz Journalists Association and has written liner notes for Stomp Off Records and various jazz recording artists and groups, including Neville Dickie, the Back Bay Ramblers, Stan McDonald's Blue Horizon Jazz Band and Lucinda Ellert's Happy Feet Dance Orchestra. He has also written articles for the annual Hot Steamed Jazz Festival (Essex, Connecticut).<ref>Internet Movie database</ref>

Borgman was working on a book about the Casa Loma Orchestra.<ref>''The Mississippi Rag'', October 2006</ref>

== Family ==
He has two sons and played a substantial role in his son Eric's feature comedy film The Man in the Movie.<ref>Man in the Movie Website</ref> His eldest son, Paul, is a mechanical engineer, and resides in Connecticut with his wife.<ref>Who's Who in America, 1994, 48th Edition, Vol. 1, page 362</ref><ref>Internet Movie Database</ref>

Borgman died on October 26, 2009 in Needham, Massachusetts after a brief illness.

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Borgman, George A.}}
[[Category:Authors]]

George A. Borgman

2011-04-27T03:31:41Z

Dwain: /* Jazz journalist */

'''George Allan Borgman'''<ref>''Who's Who in America'', 1994, 48th Edition, Vol. 1, page 362</ref> (January 22, 1928 - October 26, 2009) was a musicologist, freelance jazz journalist, and was contributing editor and columnist for ''The Mississippi Rag''.

== Early life ==
Borgman was born on January 22, 1928 in St. Louis, Missouri, the only child of Herman Francis and Martha Vivien (Wecker) Borgman. He grew up in St. Louis and attended the St. Louis Institute of Music, where he earned a Bachelor of Music degree and Indiana University, Bloomington, where he received a master's degree in musicology.<ref>''Who's Who in America'', 1994, 48th Edition, Vol. 1, page 362</ref>

Borgman played saxophone and clarinet with such big bands as Larry Tice's Orchestra (1946), Jack Everett's Orchestra (1946) and Jack Stalcup's Orchestra (1950). He was a member of the U.S. Army from 1946 to 1948, playing clarinet in an Army band in Heidelberg, Germany, where he took a music appreciation course at Heidelberg University. From 1953 to 1957, he worked as a high school band<ref>Patterson's American Education, Volume 53, Homer L. Patterson, page 47, 1956.</ref> and chorus director, two years in Colorado<ref>Patterson's American Education, Volume 53, Homer L. Patterson, page 47, 1956.</ref> and two years in Nevada. He married Janet Ferroli, a Bostonian, in February 1957. In Spring and Summer 1957, Borgman took a television production course at the School of Radio Technique, New York City. He subsequently worked as a lighting assistant on the Drew Pearson and Quentin Reynolds TV documentaries, and he also worked as a film editor in New York. In 1958, he was a film editor and TV cameraman at KOMU, Missouri University's commercial (NBC affiliate) TV station in Columbia.<ref>''Who's Who in America'', 1994, 48th Edition, Vol. 1, page 362</ref>

== Military career ==
In September 1958, Borgman rejoined the United States Army in order to get into the Counter Intelligence Corps. After attending the Intelligence School, Fort Holabird, Maryland, he was assigned to a CIC unit in West Berlin. During his Army career, he was a special agent in the CIC, Military Intelligence and the Defense Investigative Service, working mostly in civilian clothes, and spent almost ten years in West Germany, about five years in Washington, D.C., and one year in the Republic of Vietnam. His military rank at retirement in September 1979 was Chief Warrant Officer 3.<ref>''Who's Who in America'', 1994, 48th Edition, Vol. 1, page 362</ref>

== Jazz journalist ==
In the early 1980s, he worked as an investigator for the Wackenhut Corporation and almost five years as a personnel security specialist (Department of Army Civilian), U.S. Army Military Personnel Center, Alexandria, Virginia.<ref>''Who's Who in America'', 1994, 48th Edition, Vol. 1, page 362</ref> He later worked six years as a sportswriter for a group of suburban newspapers in the Boston area.<ref>''Who's Who in America'', 1994, 48th Edition, Vol. 1, page 362</ref> In 1988, he began writing stories for jazz periodicals, mostly about traditional jazz and ragtime, although he has also written about swing, big bands, bebop and modern jazz. He claims that his military experience in conducting interrogations has helped him in interviewing musicians.<ref>[http://imdb.com/name/nm1744354/bio Internet Movie Database]</ref>

Borgman's reviews of jazz recordings and books have appeared in such periodicals as the ''IAJRC Journal'', ''Cadence'', ''Joslin's Jazz Journal'', ''TJ Today'' and since 1992, ''The Mississippi Rag'', for which he wrote a monthly column, "Yankee Jazz Beat"<ref>Internet Movie Database</ref><ref>''Who's Who in America'', 1994, 48th Edition, Vol. 1, page 362</ref> up until the newspaper went defunct in 2009 upon the death of its owner [[Leslie Johnson]].

Borgman has written numerous reviews, in-depth articles on the history of jazz and on numerous jazz musicians including jazz drummer [[Tommy Benford]], ragtime composer [[Joseph F. Lamb]],<ref>Ragging It: Getting Ragtime Into History (and Some History Into Ragytime), H. Loring White, page 311, 2005.</ref> Ruby Braff, [[Al Casey]], [[Buzzy Drootin]], Sabby Lewis, Stan McDonald, Chuck Folds, Stan Kenton, et al.<ref>''The Mississippi Rag'' - various issues</ref> His most recent in-depth aritcle was on Glen Gray and the [[Casa Loma Orchestra]], in the October 2006 issue of ''The Mississippi Rag''.

In the mid-1990s he was voted in the top 12 jazz critics in the ''Jazz Beat'' poll. He was a member of the Jazz Journalists Association and has written liner notes for Stomp Off Records and various jazz recording artists and groups, including Neville Dickie, the Back Bay Ramblers, Stan McDonald's Blue Horizon Jazz Band and Lucinda Ellert's Happy Feet Dance Orchestra. He has also written articles for the annual Hot Steamed Jazz Festival (Essex, Connecticut).<ref>Internet Movie database</ref>

Borgman was working on a book about the Casa Loma Orchestra.<ref>''The Mississippi Rag'', October 2006</ref>

== Family ==
He has two sons and played a substantial role in his son Eric's feature comedy film The Man in the Movie.<ref>Man in the Movie Website</ref> His eldest son, Paul, is a mechanical engineer, and resides in Connecticut with his wife.<ref>Who's Who in America, 1994, 48th Edition, Vol. 1, page 362</ref><ref>Internet Movie Database</ref>

Borgman died on October 26, 2009 in Needham, Massachusetts after a brief illness.

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Borgman, George A.}}
[[Category:Authors]]

Talk:Barack Hussein Obama

2011-04-08T16:09:01Z

Dwain: /* Birth Controversy */

{{articletalkheader|prefix=archive}}
<br />

==Rense==
Jeff Rense may not be a such a good source. The Anti-Defamation League accuses him of promoting anti-Semitic views and 9/11 Conspiracy theories. OTOH, what is wrong with a Pravda article written in the post Soviet-censorship era when democratic Russia hungars to exercise a free press, open discussion and discernment of facts? [[User:RobSmith|Rob Smith]] 22:39, 23 January 2010 (EST)

:See my talk page, Rob. I never noticed who added the Pravda cite, so if you say so, it is of course fine with me, and please add it back if you haven't already! I now suspect it was yet another vandal site troll stirring the pot, so feel free to deal with him as well. --<big>[[User:TK|'''ṬK''']]</big><sub>/Admin</sub><sup>[[User_Talk:TK|/Talk]]</sup> 17:02, 24 January 2010 (EST)

== Terror Attacks ==
I have an issue with a claim made in the second paragraph. ''Since abandoning the "War on Terror" in Obama's first year, the United States has suffered more terrorist attacks with deadly intent on American soil than in the previous eight years combined.'' Since Obama replaced the 'Global War on Terror' with 'Overseas Contingency Operation', there have been only four domestic terrorist attacks, a far cry from the 19 that took place under Bush's tenure. This sentence should be reworded or removed in its entirety; it only makes the article look embarrassing. --[[User:MichaelJB|MichaelJB]] 15:46, 25 January 2010 (EST)

:More [[liberal]] poppycock, Michael? Even the New York Times counts more, excluding 9/11, under Obama. Perhaps you should consider sources other than the Kos? --<big>[[User:TK|'''ṬK''']]</big><sub>/Admin</sub><sup>[[User_Talk:TK|/Talk]]</sup> 19:29, 25 January 2010 (EST)

::A short time ago you gave me grief for making assumptions, yet here you are doing the same. I didn't get any information from Kos, it all came from legitimate news sources. Do you really believe that more terror attacks occurred on US soil from March 2009 to January 2010 than in the eight years of the Bush administration? I would really like to see all your references for making such a bold claim. And why would you want to exclude the WTC/Pentagon attacks?
::Some people have been making some really stupid claims lately about domestic terror. Dana Perino and Rudy Guiliani both claimed there was not a terror attack on the US when Bush was in office. The fact that these people could make such stupidly partisan claims is incredible. [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4kpfhGxJbLc] [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2tYoMoJHNDs] The claim made in this article reeks of the same idiocy of Perino and Guiliani, why not delete the sentence or at least make it factual? --[[User:MichaelJB|MichaelJB]] 20:23, 25 January 2010 (EST)

:::The facts are undeniable that America was totally unprepared to protect itself from terrorist homeland attacks as Bush entered office, due to the total lack of focus of the Clinton Administration and Congress on the issue. Bush can in no way be blamed for the 9/11 attacks with any real credibility.

:::As I have stated many times before, as Mr. Schlafly has stated many times before, as several other Admins have as well, coming here to argue-without-end against our conservative point of view in all articles you come across, is silly. If you and others cannot bring yourselves to accept alternative points of view, so be it. If you want a place to argue against conservatism in general, make your own site or try the Kos or HuffPo; but CP isn't a debate forum, it is a conservative encyclopedia ''project''. Article talk pages are for suggesting ways to improve articles from a conservative point of view, not a liberal one. Is that a clear enough statement? --<big>[[User:TK|'''ṬK''']]</big><sub>/Admin</sub><sup>[[User_Talk:TK|/Talk]]</sup> 21:29, 25 January 2010 (EST)

::::TK: The change you made is completely unacceptable from a moral and ethical standpoint because instead of correcting an error, you are now highlighting a lie. Three terror attacks occurred during Pres. Bush's last year in office. I sent you links to all three events but you are willing to over look such trivial matters as the truth. It's funny that a liberal who has been blocked twice for pointing out errors and outright falsehoods is vilified as a trouble-maker while the conservatives that knowingly mislead and lie are in charge of an alleged 'trustworthy encyclopedia'.
::::I'm trying to make these changes because I don't want Americans to look stupid, even the conservative ones. It's an uphill battle.

::::Gunman killed two people in a church. [http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2008-07-29-church-shooting_N.htm]
::::Suicide bomber attacked a Georgia law firm. [http://www.abajournal.com/news/article/ga_law_firm_explodes_causing_multiple_injuries/]
::::Two police officers were killed by a bomb placed in a bank. [http://www.odmp.org/officer/19697-captain-thomas-paul-tennant]
::::--[[User:MichaelJB|MichaelJB]] 01:25, 29 January 2010 (EST)

MichaelJB you cannot tell the difference between Muslim terrorists and someone with an ax to grind? Godspeed! --<big>[[User:TK|'''ṬK''']]</big><sub>/Admin</sub><sup>[[User_Talk:TK|/Talk]]</sup> 06:36, 29 January 2010 (EST)v
:So Michael's point is that progressive liberal leftwing commie socialist (or whatever the flavor of the week) Prof. [[Amy Bishop]] conducted a domestic overseas contingency operation attack. It's beginning to make sense. How would we classify the guy who crashed the plane into the IRS building in Houston, a tax protester who railed against corporations. Dang, this is a tuff one.... [[User:RobSmith|Rob Smith]] 08:13, 12 March 2010 (EST)

== Middle name in article title? ==

----

::::<big>'''Unless you have some brilliant new argument to add to this section, further discussion is unneeded.</big>'''

----

It strikes to me odd that the title of the article is Barach Hussein Obama. While there is nothing wrong with that by itself, looking at the [[President_of_the_United_States_of_America#Presidents_list|list of all the U.S. presidents]], it seems that all the other presidents' articles are titled either without their middle name, or just a middle initial. Wouldn't it make sense to rename the article to either Barack Obama or Barack H. Obama to follow suit? [[User:Kayvan|Kayvan]] 18:19, 26 February 2010 (EST)
:There is a big difference between Walker or Jefferson and Hussein. My two cents. [[User:JacobB|JacobB]] 18:22, 26 February 2010 (EST)
::What about [[Ronald Wilson Reagan]]? [[User:DMorris|DMorris]] 18:26, 26 February 2010 (EST)
:::This topic had been discussed before. He decided to be inaugurated with his middle name after not using it during the campaign. He is not ashamed of it and we are not ashamed to include it.--[[User:Jpatt|Jpatt]] 18:29, 26 February 2010 (EST)
::::Ah, I see. Looking at some lists though ([http://www.ipl.org/div/potus/] and [http://www.apples4theteacher.com/holidays/presidents-day/past-presidents-of-usa.html]), it seems that many presidents were also inaugurated in a similar fashion. [[User:Kayvan|Kayvan]] 18:33, 26 February 2010 (EST)

::: I think that, as all encyclopedias and scholarly works try to do, we should try to decide on a particular set of rules and always follow it. In this case, these are the options:
:::1) Always cite the full name in the title, so "Barack Hussein Obama", "George Herbert Walker Bush" and "Ronald Wilson Reagan";
:::2) Always use initials for middle names, so "Barack H. Obama", "George H.W. Bush" and "Ronald W. Reagan";
:::3) Use the names in the way they most commonly used, using middle name initials only where they are necessary to distinguish one particular individual from another, therefore "Barack Obama", "George H.W. Bush" and "Ronald Reagan".

::: We are talking about titles of articles; the full name should always be cited in the body of the article. Personally, I would vote for solution n.3. --[[User:Maquissar|Maquissar]] 18:34, 26 February 2010 (EST)
::::I like the idea. Either 2 or 3 seem best in my opinion; full names seem a bit to long for article titles. The name that the president was inaugurated with isn't bad either, but it would seem less formal, as some have middle names and others don't. [[User:Kayvan|Kayvan]] 18:38, 26 February 2010 (EST)

:::: I thought about that solution, but then I thought that we should better set very general rules; by this I mean that we should decide how to title page names referring to INDIVIDUALS, not to US PRESIDENTS. Deciding that "the name that the president was inaugurated with" is a rule that, naturally, can only be applied to presidents. --[[User:Maquissar|Maquissar]] 18:41, 26 February 2010 (EST)

:::: Another good rule would be to use the name that is mostly used to refer to that individual; this has the disadvantage of not being objective, but it is also the most effective. So "Barack Obama", "George H.W. Bush" (to distinguish him from his son), "Ronald Reagan", "Eminem" instead of "Marshall Mathers", "O.J. Simpson" instead of "Orenthal J. Simpson"... --[[User:Maquissar|Maquissar]] 18:56, 26 February 2010 (EST)

There isn't any vote here, nor was one asked for. Since Obama tries to soft-pedal his Muslim roots and associations, our editorial policy is to call attention to that ''fact''. In addition you should note the [[Ronald Wilson Reagan|Reagan]] article, where well before anyone had an inkling Obama would run for President, Conservapedia used his full name, ''Ronald Wilson Reagan'' which Reagan himself preferred for formal use. So I submit President Obama isn't being singled out, contrary to the insistence of silly-minded liberals. --<big>[[User:TK|'''ṬK''']]</big><sub>/Admin</sub><sup>[[User_Talk:TK|/Talk]]</sup> 19:06, 26 February 2010 (EST)

:But why call attention to that ''fact'' in the title of the article? The ''fact'' is never going to be denied. The introduction sentence would still say "Barack Hussein Obama". Italicize his middle name in the introduction or change the font color to bring out the ''fact'' if you wish. What I am trying to point at is, why should his middle name be used in the article title? Reagan may have preferred it for formal use, but does Mr. Obama say that same? He is commonly known as Barack Obama; I haven't seen it used in any other way (except Obama, of course). If he is commonly known as that, it would make sense to title the article like that, as should every article on people. [[User:Kayvan|Kayvan]] 21:05, 26 February 2010 (EST)
::Richard Milhous Nixon was commonly refered to as [[Milhous]] by his detracters. Indeed, googling milhouse brings up hundreds of thousands of hits on Nixon that dwarf most all other uses of the name. Now, googling [[Hussein]] presents a host of other problems. The [[Heshamite Dynasty]] of [[Hussein bin Ali]] had been the Islamic Keeper of the Holy places for 700 years until Western British Imperialist interests unseated them and installed the Saudi ruling clan thier place (visualize Islamists dethroning the Pope and installing thier own choice as successor). How does it look when Hussein bin Ali's namesake bows to tne Saudi puppet? Why not focus on how Obama ''is'' bringing real change to the whole planet, rather than argue about how things have traditionally been done? [[User:RobSmith|Rob Smith]] 13:14, 27 February 2010 (EST)
Drop it. Further discussion is last-wordism. [[User:JacobB|JacobB]] 21:14, 26 February 2010 (EST)

:On the question of "''all the other presidents' articles are titled either without their middle name, or just a middle initial. Wouldn't it make sense ...to follow suit? ''"
:You will recall Barack Hussein Obama is the transformational president of change. Wouldn't it make sense to begin change right here, with his name? (assuming that is his name). [[User:RobSmith|Rob Smith]] 23:54, 26 February 2010 (EST)

<nowiki>:</nowiki>D<br />
--<big>[[User:TK|'''ṬK''']]</big><sub>/Admin</sub><sup>[[User_Talk:TK|/Talk]]</sup> 01:58, 27 February 2010 (EST)

Pretty slick conservative trap there TK. despite the fact that you neglected to answer some massive holes in the arguments above, you declare the debate "ended" (even though its not) then decry anything else as last wordism to stifle any further debate. well done--[[User:DerikJ|DerikJ]] 11:58, 27 February 2010 (EST)
:What holes? We're implementing change. Let's find common ground and compromise. We've done just that. [[User:RobSmith|Rob Smith]] 12:35, 27 February 2010 (EST)
::I like your comment on change, Rob, it made me laugh :) Anyway, I don't see how an argument that Obama's slogan being "change" is any reason to title his article to what he is less commonly known as/less traditional. It's pushing it, in a sense. Besides, being a conservative, I would think that you wouldn't want to follow Obama's way of thinking ;) [[User:Kayvan|Kayvan]] 13:40, 27 February 2010 (EST)
:::Conservatives are for change, both economic and social. They want to change tax law and abortion rulings, for example. Above all, change public education. Being anti-change is just a vulgar stereotype held by closeminded and intolerant people. [[User:RobSmith|Rob Smith]] 14:09, 27 February 2010 (EST)
::::I can agree with that. But ''why'' "change" how Obama's article is titled when others are titled either without their middle name or with their middle name if they are commonly known and identified by the name, in some cases. Simply changing something doesn't necessarily mean it's a good thing, there has to be reason, and the reason has to be, well, reasonable. [[User:Kayvan|Kayvan]] 14:44, 27 February 2010 (EST)
:::::Call it the price of progress. [[User:RobSmith|Rob Smith]] 15:17, 27 February 2010 (EST)
::::::In that case, would changing the titles of all the other peoples' articles to include their middle names sound all right to you? It would be progress, after all. [[User:Kayvan|Kayvan]] 17:29, 27 February 2010 (EST)
I have always wondered why the Obamabots get so upset with the name Obama's parents chose. Pretty silly. --<big>[[User:TK|'''ṬK''']]</big><sub>/Admin</sub><sup>[[User_Talk:TK|/Talk]]</sup> 16:40, 27 February 2010 (EST)

:I actually like the name, it has a nice ring to it. It's more of just keeping a solid style of titling pages, a format if you want to call it that. [[User:Kayvan|Kayvan]] 17:29, 27 February 2010 (EST)
::Which brings us to the question of Barry Soetero. If Obama went by this name, then he may have lied to the Illinois Supreme Court when asked to provide former names, according to this Attorney’s Registration Record. [http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/news/2061988/posts] I'm not the sure what the resolution of this issue ever was, and we don't have a word about it in this article. [[User:RobSmith|Rob Smith]] 17:49, 27 February 2010 (EST)

I know I am new here but there really needs to be a consensus amongst all Presidential and Vice President articles, actually this should probably extend to all US politicians. I know there is a specified conservative bias, however the lack organization and consensus has nothing to do with liberal or conservative bias, it has to do with disorganization and lazyiness by the admins.

If you want to leave the middle, that is fine, however, there would need to be a quick modification of all or the majority of the US Politian article so as not to look so disorganized.[[User:Solarguy17|Solarguy17]] 01:01, 10 March 2010 (EST)

:You hit the nail on the head. You are new here. Don't come in criticizing and such off the bat. [[User:JacobB|JacobB]] 01:12, 10 March 2010 (EST)

My criticization is to help the article(s) to be better as a whole. None of the above discussion explains the reasoning for leaving it as is. Just people saying he used it in his inauguration so we use it here, however, almost every pres does this so why not have it that way for everyone????[[User:Solarguy17|Solarguy17]] 01:15, 10 March 2010 (EST)

Not really discussion just more of a question. I just recently found this site and was looking through the religious articles and for the most part they seemed pretty good. However, when I come to the political articles, some of them seem a little crazy. I know it is to call more attention to the things that are being overlooked by the media. But I have ask about the middle name thing.

I read all of the information above and I still am not sure why it was decided to leave it as is. Can someone clarify this?
Please don't ban me, I noticed that basically everyone with discussion in this thread that isn't an admin now has banned accounts. I personally don't care, I am just confused. [[User:StevenS|StevenS]] 01:12, 12 March 2010 (EST)

: As it says up at the top of this section, "Unless you have some brilliant new argument to add to this section, further discussion is unneeded." If you do have one, let's have it. But it sure seems like everyone who signs up to this site and immediately starts complaining has nothing new to say at all. Why don't you spend some time reading here with an open mind first, and complain later? [[User:DanielPulido|DanielPulido]] 01:20, 12 March 2010 (EST)

Now, why would a single individual come here under several different user names all in an effort to get the word "Hussein" removed from the title of this article? It makes no sense at all unless that individual has a personal agenda to perform. The article title stays as it is. [[User:Karajou|Karajou]] 01:42, 12 March 2010 (EST)

:My only concern is that the title seems to exist in its current state for no purpose other than to further a bias. The arguments that "well he asked for it" seem to suggest that accuracy and fairness are non-valuable in this wiki. I sincerely hope this is not the case and that I may not be banned and able to start a fun future in helping this wiki grow in the impressive way it has so far. [[User:Vidihawk|Vidihawk]] 07:47, 6 April 2010 (EDT)

::'''"Unless you have some brilliant new argument to add to this section, further discussion is unneeded."'''
I guess you missed the bold title at the top of this section? Also, see [[Ronald Wilson Reagan]] to see how silly your argument is. --<big>[[User:TK|'''ṬK''']]</big><sub>/Admin</sub><sup>[[User_Talk:TK|/Talk]]</sup> 08:16, 6 April 2010 (EDT)
:I guess it wasn't as bright an idea as I had hoped. Heh... It still comes off as somewhat purposeful, though. Okie, I'll back away! - [[User:Vidihawk|Vidihawk]] 08:24, 6 April 2010 (EDT)
::Purposeful, as in done with the same horribly malevolent intent as ''my'' adding Reagan's middle name several years ago? You are giving away your intent in advance, good sir, by refusing to admit your already formed assumptions about us are wrong. I hope you prove me wrong, and turn out to be that rare U.K. denizen that turns out to be open-minded and as fair to us as you wish us to be to you. There have been precious few. And please do check out our editors guide and all of that. We differ quite a bit from Wikipedia. --<big>[[User:TK|'''ṬK''']]</big><sub>/Admin</sub><sup>[[User_Talk:TK|/Talk]]</sup> 08:33, 6 April 2010 (EDT)
:::::I think we should keep the current title of the article. Furthermore, I think we should replace the top picture, which is currently a picture of Obama, with a picture of an oil drenched pelican (and a new caption) as a tribute to Obama's indifference, sloth and incompetence. [[User:Conservative|conservative]] 20:36, 16 June 2010 (EDT)

== I moved the material dealing with the present to the top ==

I moved the material dealing with the present to the top as I thought readers would be more interested in how Obama is screwing up the present. For example, I think Americans right now are very concerned about how Obama is screwing up the economy. Of course, he is also doing a poor job in other areas presently as well such as holding terrorists court cases in civilian courts, etc. etc. [[User:Conservative|conservative]] 04:30, 15 March 2010 (EDT)

:That makes sense to me. I do appreciate letting me try the other timeline structure. However, I didn't really take into consideration the fact that because he is a high profile individual it may benefit readers to see more recent info before his earlier biography facts. At least while he's fulfilling his one failed term as president, your structure makes sense to me. [[User:DerekE|DerekE]] 12:42, 15 March 2010 (EDT)

::As the ==Maoism== section is being being built, we may eventually be able to free up space from the sections on the Ayers/Dohrn relationship by moving some of that material to Ayers own page, and/or creating a new separate page documenting Obama's rise with communist and terrorist assistance. An acceptable title for that page would be needed. [[User:RobSmith|Rob Smith]] 13:23, 15 March 2010 (EDT)

==Citation==

"Any orders he gives to the American military are subject to being refused. Orders that Obama gives to America’s Joint Chiefs of Staff of the military can be refused." --http://english.pravda.ru/opinion/columnists/19-01-2009/106972-Barry_Soetoro-0

Do we really want to cite an article that makes this claim? Do any of us really support this opinion, or if we do, do we support the use of opinion articles as sources in addition to factual ones? --[[User:BenjaminS|Ben]] <sub>[[User Talk:BenjaminS|Talk]]</sub> 08:42, 6 April 2010 (EDT)

:Is the opinion piece backed by valid and factual citations from the United States Code, Ben, as opposed to a unsupported rant? --<big>[[User:TK|'''ṬK''']]</big><sub>/Admin</sub><sup>[[User_Talk:TK|/Talk]]</sup> 08:47, 6 April 2010 (EDT)

== pronunciation of "Pakistan" ==

This is really considered evidence of anything? I've heard [[Mark Levin]] use the Spanish-inflected pronunciation of Sonia Sotomayor's name (''so tow my OR'' rather than ''so tow MY er''), but nobody would claim that proves he's Catholic or Hispanic. [[User:Golgaronok|Golgaronok]] 23:55, 9 April 2010 (EDT)
:Pronunciation shows an enormous amount about someone's views and history. Obama doesn't use the American pronunciation, and this is telling, since ''no one else in the public sphere'' pronounces it in the muslim way ''but'' Obama. [[User:DouglasA|DouglasA]] 00:15, 10 April 2010 (EDT)
[[David Petraeus]] does [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vtCLp7siY7I]. [[User:Golgaronok|Golgaronok]] 00:50, 10 April 2010 (EDT)
And [http://www.forvo.com/word/pakistan/ numerous other languages] use a pronunciation closer to the native form. [[User:Golgaronok|Golgaronok]] 00:57, 10 April 2010 (EDT)

::"Golgaronok" (if that is your name), your quibbles with the entry have already been argued ad nauseum, [http://www.conservapedia.com/Talk:Barack_Hussein_Obama/archive4#.22Pokiston.22.3F.3F.3F.3F.3F here], for instance. If you've only come to argue on talk pages, you're wasting your own time. Try making substantive contributions to the project; excessive talk is disfavored here. [[User:DanielPulido|DanielPulido]] 01:04, 10 April 2010 (EDT)
I don't see any responses to the points I raised. But it's y'all's funeral. [[User:Golgaronok|Golgaronok]] 01:13, 10 April 2010 (EDT)
:::Kind of interesting that Davis Petraeus was mentioned here. When that general was ordered to command US forces in Afghanistan and Iraq, the liberal elites decided that his name should be pronounced "BETRAY US". [[User:Karajou|Karajou]] 01:29, 10 April 2010 (EDT)

==Barry Soetoro = birth name?==
This may have already been discussed, so forgive me if this has been settled. I noticed that the article says ''"Barack Hussein Obama II (birth name Barry Soetoro..."'', however the articles cited do not support the idea that "Barry Soetoro" is Obama's birth name, in fact quite the opposite. My understanding, from reading the Newsweek article, is that "Barack" is his birth name, although he went by "Barry" when he was younger. His father's name, as I understand it, is Barack Hussein Obama, and he was named after his father. "Seotoro", if I remember right, was his stepfather's last name, so it is unlikely that it would have been part of Obama's birth name. To be clear, I do realize that he spent his younger years being known as "Barry Soetoro", and I think that should be included in the article, I just don't think it was actually his birth name. <br>
Please understand that I am not as knowledgeable in this kind of thing as many other contributors here, so I may have gotten it all wrong - that's why I didn't attempt to edit the article. Please correct me if I have gotten it wrong - I won't be offended and I am curious as to the truth of the matter. [[User:Hsmom|Hsmom]] 18:11, 1 May 2010 (EDT)

According to the citation that shows the birth certificate, the birth name is, in fact, Barack Hussein Obama II, NOT Barry Soetoro. Also, because there is an actual document, i.e. physical, demonstrable proof, the word "allegedly" should be removed.

== Remove name repetition? ==

Would anyone mind if I removed some of the repetition of Obama's name in certain portions of the article? For example, in this paragraph:
{{cquote|
[[Barack Obama and uncharitableness|Barack Obama's recent pattern of charitable giving]] and [[Barack Obama and liberal elitism|Barack Obama's liberal elitism]] is consistent with Obama being a [[Narcissism|narcissist]] which is a charge that has often been made against Barack Obama. However, it is also true that Barack Obama is an [[evolution|evolutionist]]. Barack Obama told the ''York Daily Record'' that "I believe in [[evolution]]...". Barack Obama's recent pattern of charitable giving and liberal elitism is also in accordance with someone who has a certain degree of [[Social Darwinism|social darwinistic]] thinking. In addition to [[Liberals and uncharitableness|American liberals giving less to charity]], it is also true that [[Theory of evolution and liberalism|American liberals are also more likely to believe in evolution]].
}}

I think I could alter it to make it more readable with "Obama's recent pattern of charitable giving and liberal elitism is consistent with that of a narcissist, a charge that has often been made against him."

And so forth. In my linguistics class, we talked about semantic satiation, and I believe that paragraphs like these, along with the fact that it never seems to use pronouns, somewhat diminish the readability of the article. If I were to make this change, I would preserve every wikilink, reference, etc, but I believe it would become more readable. In Christ, [[User:Tzoran|Tyler Zoran]] <sup>[[User talk:Tzoran|Talk]]</sup> 09:09, 6 May 2010 (EDT)

== Insults? ==

Does the entire beginning of the article have to be so laden with insults? Couldnt it simply say what the article will be about, and THEN express views? As it is it appears very unprofessional. 19:11, 6 May 2010 (EDT)
:We believe in the truth here, and the fact that [[liberals]] like yourself feign offense at the display of it speaks volumes about you. If you insist on closing your mind, at least take ownership of your [[deceit]]! Sign your comments with <nowiki> ~~~~ </nowiki> next time. Godspeed! [[User:Tzoran|Tyler Zoran]] <sup>[[User talk:Tzoran|Talk]]</sup> 19:58, 6 May 2010 (EDT)

== "The first president who is biracial" ==

There have been other presidents of more than one race. Bush Jr. is has some German and English ancestry. [[User:NP|NP]]

:George W is German and English, is that two races according to our census? I think the readers will understand what biracial refers to.

::English and German are '''''not''''' races, and neither is Hispanic. --<big>[[User:TK|'''ṬK''']]</big><sub>/Admin</sub><sup>[[User_Talk:TK|/Talk]]</sup> 22:16, 17 May 2010 (EDT)

== Reorganizing ==

I'm glad to see the edit feature is enabled here once more. I think this page needs a revamp to structure information better. I've reorganized everything into a better structure, let me know what you think. I am trying to put a summary of the presidency at the top, information about his life/career next, and then a political summary. This should really improve the page's appearance, as it appears too disorganized right now. --[[User:Jzyehoshua|Jzyehoshua]] 15:56, 20 May 2010 (EDT)
:What you're doing is burying important information so fewer users will find it. That's unacceptable. [[User:DouglasA|DouglasA]] 15:57, 20 May 2010 (EDT)

== Obama is a Muslim theory and the alleged claim of Egyptian Foreign Minister Ahmed Aboul Gheit ==

Here is what the American Thinker reported: "The American President told me in confidence that he is a Muslim." That was the claim of Egyptian Foreign Minister Ahmed Aboul Gheit, as reported in the May 2010 issue of Israel Today. According to journalist Avi Lipkin, Gheit appeared on Nile TV's "Round Table Show" in January, on which he said that "he had had a one-on-one meeting with Obama who swore to him that he was a Moslem, the son of a Moslem father and step-son of Moslem step-father, that his half-brothers in Kenya were Moslems, and that he was loyal to the Moslem agenda."[http://www.americanthinker.com/2010/06/report_obama_said_i_am_a_musli.html] Here is what Hot Air says: http://hotair.com/greenroom/archives/2010/06/14/obama-is-a-muslim-take-two/

Personally, I am beginning to think Obama is: not a Muslim, not a Christian, and not an atheist. I think Obama is a narcissist who worships himself. I can also see him telling one person he is a Christian and then later telling someone else he is a Muslim. There are many examples of Obama being insincere such as all the substantive healthcare discussions were going to be on C-Span, etc. etc. [[User:Conservative|conservative]] 15:53, 16 June 2010 (EDT)

== 2009 Nobel Peace Prize ==

I find it strange that there is not a single mention of the president being awarded the Nobel peace prize in this article. Considering that other prominent award winners have it at least mentioned in their respective articles. The [[Mother Teresa]] article, for instance, prominently states her award in the introduction to the article, and even political figures like [[Al Gore]] and [[Henry Kissinger]] (both of whom won the peace prize) have their award at least mentioned in the article.
--[[User:DenisTR|DenisTR]] 16:04, 19 August 2010 (EDT)

:I agree with you, Denis. It was there, once-upon-a-time, but apparently it was removed in the constant editing turmoil. CP does mention this in the [[Nobel Prize]] article. I will add it here, as it should be. --<big>[[User:TK|'''ṬK''']]</big><sub>/Admin</sub><sup>[[User_Talk:TK|/Talk]]</sup> 16:24, 19 August 2010 (EDT)

==Faulty Logic==
I have a suspicion that Andy Schlafly is secretly a Muslim. Will you deny that, Andy? If you do deny it, then I accuse you of being a Muslim under the concept of Taqiyya.
It's like a terrible flow chart that always ends with "You're a Muslim." I realize that you're kind of scraping the barrel with this whole "Obama is a Muslim" thing, but c'mon. [[User:Pete5383|Paul]] 18:57, 19 August 2010 (EDT)

: Paul, you seem to think all claims or facts are relative. They aren't. Truth is supported by logic and evidence.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 19:00, 19 August 2010 (EDT)

:: President Obama clearly has an Islamic background. As an adult, he joined a church and says he's a Christian. I'd say he's as much Muslim as I am Jewish; by Jewish law, my having a Jewish mother makes me Jewish by birth, but I became a Christian by choice as a teenager. Go figure. --[[User:Ed Poor|Ed Poor]] <sup>[[User talk:Ed Poor|Talk]]</sup> 14:04, 3 September 2010 (EDT)

:::Whether President Obama is Muslim or not is one question; however it is undeniable Obama misspoke or was deceptive while ramping up his ambitions back in 2005 when he told the ''Chicago Sun-Times'', "I am rooted in the Christian tradition." Nowhere on his maternal side, grandma, gramps, or his natural father, or his stepfather, can any Christian rooting be found. [[User:RobSmith|Rob Smith]] 14:37, 4 September 2010 (EDT)

==Days in office==
[[Barack Obama]] was inaugurated {{days since|2009|1|20}} days ago and will finish his term in {{#expr: -{{days since|2013|1|20}} }} days. --[[User:Ed Poor|Ed Poor]] <sup>[[User talk:Ed Poor|Talk]]</sup> 14:00, 3 September 2010 (EDT)

==Apparent sourcing errors==

While looking over this article, I noticed a number of problems - mostly unsourced claims or claims for which the source is no longer available. Since my suggestions will almost certainly be controversial, I will not actually make any further changes to this page.

*The quote "Rather than being a unifier, Mr. Obama has divided America on the basis of race, class and partisanship" under the heading "Presidency" is unattributed.

*The claim that Obama represented ACORN in ''Buycks-Roberson v. Citibank Fed. Sav. Bank'' is unsupported. While court documents do list Obama among the Plaintiff's Attorneys, they do not reference ACORN in any way. [http://www.clearinghouse.net/detail.php?id=10112] This claim seems to have been added by bloggers after the fact. Similarly, the cited reference contains no source for the claim that Obama had anything to do with the CRA, only a completely unsourced allegation that was reprinted almost verbatim here. As far as I can tell, Obama represented ACORN exactly once, on a case involving motor voter laws. [http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/statements/2008/oct/17/john-mccain/he-represented-them-in-one-case-/]

*The statement "Obama website Fight The Smears has confirmed that Obama was once a Kenyan citizen until 1982" under the subheading "Birth Certificate Controversy" is unsourced and ambiguous.

*Much of the content under the subheading "Engineers defeat of Centrist Democrats" is dubious. Two of the cites [http://articles.latimes.com/1992-03-18/news/mn-3844_1_gus-savage][http://www.dkosopedia.com/wiki/Carol_Moseley_Braun#Political_career] are about Carol Moseley Braun and don't mention Obama at all. There is no indication in any of the sources that Obama was connected to the Braun campaign, so these cites are meaningless. Additionally, the section attributes an anti-Dixon intent to Obama (referring to Obama as "subverting" Dixon's reelection, defined by Conservapedia's own article as "lending of aid, comfort, and moral support to individuals, groups, or organizations that advocate the overthrow of incumbent governments by force and violence"). What he did was increase voter turnout among the black community, a far cry from what the text implies.

*<s>The statement "President Obama falsely claimed that the senior citizen group AARP endorsed his administration's health care plan when they never made such an endorsement" under the subheading "Obama Administration Health Care Plan and Its Advocacy Methods" is sourced to a YouTube video that no longer exists. Additionally, it appears that AARP has been supporting health care reform since at least August 2009. [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2009/08/17/eveningnews/main5247916.shtml][http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/03/19/aarp-ama-announce-support_n_506060.html]</s>

*Similarly, several cites link to YouTube videos that have been removed. Multiple cites under the subheading "Obama Administration Health Care Plan and Liberal Elitism" link to deleted videos, as does the cite for the statement "Barack Obama's "Disinformation Czar" (whose supposed job was to correct disinformation that others are spreading about the Obama administration's health care plan) was caught spreading misleading information." The cite for the statement "Senior citizens are key Democratic party constituents that could kill Obama's socialistic health care plan" links to a private video.

--[[User:DrewJ|DrewJ]] 15:50, 29 September 2010 (EDT)

:Sorry, Drew, but one glaring misrepresentation really sticks out, and explains why liberals are often accused of playing fast and loose with the truth: While AARP has long advocated health care reform, it specifically repudiated Obama's distortion of the truth, saying they were not endorsing any specific plan, at that time. See how easy it is to distort fact, by omission, and make obviously good-intentioned souls like you doubt the real truth?

:You are obviously an editor here, and I would urge you, before making posts such as this one, to try and find substitute sources that back up what is in the story. At the very least, as is the case with the AARP, at least check the facts before stating something is incorrect. It was a very big story at the time, Obama's misstatement, and not at all hard to find....so easy and well-known in fact that some people might be tempted to accuse you of inserting a deliberate [[Red Herring]]. --<big>[[User:TK|'''ṬK''']]</big><sub>/Admin</sub><sup>[[User_Talk:TK|/Talk]]</sup> 17:29, 29 September 2010 (EDT)

== Typo ==
The first sentence here has a typo: it presumably is meant to read "...said to have '''been''' born in..." I'd fix it myself, but the page is so informative (and therefore long) that my poor old computer can't load it to edit. --[[User:LanceS|LanceS]] 21:49, 11 November 2010 (EST)
:Thanks, JPatt got it. --[[User:Ed Poor|Ed Poor]] <sup>[[User talk:Ed Poor|Talk]]</sup> 22:29, 11 November 2010 (EST)

== Bryan Fischer: Obama wants to give America back to the Indians ==

Is [http://www.afa.net/Blogs/BlogPost.aspx?id=2147501360 this site] some kind of liberal parody? Otherwise, this is so serious that is should be included. American Family Association would seem to me as a pretty trustworthy organization, and this Bryan Fischer is writing for them. Any thoughts? – [[User:Dstone|dstone]] 16:42, 1 January 2011 (EST)

==Fact vs Opinion==
Okay...I thought maybe this article would be a good place to start. I was introduced to Conservapedia recently, and have been waffling about joining and bcoming an editor, but can no longer refrain. So, I'm extraordinarily new...and I fully expect the welcoming and flame-free arms of this community, as I support the overall efforts of what Conservapedia is trying to accomplish. The road to becoming a "Trustworthy Encyclopedia" is long, and this site is just starting to make baby steps in that direction. That being said, I will try to keep this short.

FACT: Opinions are not fact. Even expert opinions are not fact. They're just plain old opinions. Despite being in the Commandments, and otherwise stated over and over again, folks seem to have trouble making this distinction.
OPINION: If you are unable to make cited references, or present the conservative viewpoint in a reasoned and intelligent manner, I would heavily suggest that you leave the site to those who can. Your "help" is often unhelpful. Especially in an article as...contentious...as this - and I imagine many others, I'll be looking shortly - the talk page is the place to present your opinions. If you cannot site material, find sources that intelligently argue your viewpoint, or just want a second or third pair of eyes and ears, it would be addressed here. Also, if haven't actually read the article that you are citing...do that first, before posting anything at all...

There are several on this page, the most innocuous of which: President Obama authorized offshore oil drilling in the Gulf of Mexico[28]. The moratorium lapsed in 2008. It says it right in the article, paragraph 4. This statement is spruious and vague and will be reworded to say something like: Then-Senator Obama voted to re-authorize oil drilling in the Gulf of Mexico. This is just a small and harmless example, but, either research the issue before posting, or don't post. If you wish to engage in historical revisionism, or just bottom-barrel opinion mongering, please roll on over to Wikipedia, and leave us be. [[User:RyanDav|RyanDav]] 2 January 2011
:I moved this from the top of the page to its current location, to maintain threading. [[User:Tzoran|Tyler Zoran]] <sup>[[User talk:Tzoran|Talk]]</sup> 13:35, 2 January 2011 (EST)

== Oil Drilling Moratorium, redux ==

I did not realize that this would be as contentious as it was. The statement is simply poorly worded, I assume unintentionally, and appears to place the blame squarely on one person's shoulders. This is just factually innacurate, nothing more, nothing less. We accept credit where credit is due, and take blame where blame is appropriate - and the blame belongs to the vast majority of the 110th Congress, both the liberal reps and ours - and to deny that is some kind of revisionism, which will not be tolerated. I'm certainly more than willing to be corrected on this, but you can either site sources that support your viewpoint, or you cannot - it really is that easy. In that case, the article would read something like, "then-Senator Obama lobbied heavily for the moratorium to lapse, and led a congressional coalition consisting of Senators Blah, Blah and Blah and Congressmen Such-and-such and So-and-so to further that end, etc..." accompanied by supporting references. I am afraid, however, that a "nuh-uh," or, "because I said so," is simply Not Good Enough. We're counteracting liberal bias, here, not populating the internet with more unfounded claptrap. [[User:RyanDav|RyanDav]] 19:26, 3 January 2011 (EST)

:If you please, write here your proposal for how this should be written, including the source links. If Obama lobbied heavily for the moritorium to lapse, then the source evidence will say it; if he was a part of a coalition of people, then again the evidence will support that. Since this article is about Obama, it should lean on what he has done while in office. But as far as what the 110th Congress did or didn't do, oh yes, I am in total agreement with you...and so were the vast majority of voters back in November. [[User:Karajou|Karajou]] 20:00, 3 January 2011 (EST)

::He didn't, as far as I know, or have ever read. I don't think any articles arguing that he soley was responsible, or even more responsible than any other rep, exist. The text is already up there. Pretty vanilla. Mentions him by name, but also says, "hey, don't forget about all the other chair-jockeys, too!" But the article is about him, so he gets a name drop for focus. The article is about him as whole, so his Presidential and Senatorial terms would be seperate sections of the same article, so as not to confuse. The 110th was the last Bush-era Congress. In November, we voted out the 111th. We are now in the 112th Congress.

::Oh, I also replaced someone's citation from an OpEd piece in the NYTimes with an actual news reference that supported the same point (about the Obama administration's poor response to the Oil Spill). If I didn't know better (and I probably don't), I would suspect that some of the citations here are purposefully planted just to make us look like simpletons. [[User:RyanDav|RyanDav]] 21:39, 3 January 2011 (EST)

== Birth Controversy ==
Could someone please explain to me something I've never quite followed: why does it matter where Obama was born? As far as I can tell, no one is claiming his mother was not a US Citizen, which makes him a "natural born" US citizen even if he was born in Kenya, Moscow, or Riyadh. If the issue is "without a birth certificate we can't be certain his mother is really his mother" then I get it, but this side of things seems to be ignored in favor of controversy over the actual location of the birth. If we interpret "natural born citizen" as "born within the US", then that would exclude the children of Armed Forces personnel stationed overseas with their families at the time their children were born from the presidency, which seems like something liberals would love to do. [[User:Ptorquemada|Ptorquemada]] 12:09, 5 April 2011 (EDT)
:Well, John McCain whose father was an Admiral was born to two American parents in Panama Canal Zone. The media questioned his "natural born" citizen status and it seemingly was determined that since both his parents were American citizens who were living out of State because of the Admiral's duties that John McCain's birth status would be considered "natural born. The question concerning Barack Obama is that his father was not a US citizen but was in fact a British subject as Kenya was under British rule at the time. Some suggest that the original conception of "natural born" was that both parents are US citizens at the time of the birth of a child. So there is a question as to his "natural born" status even if he was, in fact, born in Hawaii. The fact that Obama has spent a couple of million dollars fighting any requests for proof of an original long form birth certificate and school records makes some people more convinced that a. he wasn't actually born in Hawaii and that his birth was only registered there or b. because his father was a British subject he had duel citizenship status which would make it doubtful that he would be considered a natural born citizen. There are many questions concerning Obama's "natural born" status because he also appears to have been a citizenship of Indonesia and is supposed to have traveled on an Indonesian passport as an adult. Of course, a lot of questions would be removed if the president just released the original birth certificate. The fact that he hasn't just adds fuel to the fire. [[User:Dwain|Dwain]] 12:09, 8 April 2011 (EDT)

John Gibbs (Burgess)

2011-03-11T17:49:02Z

Dwain: Corrected article.

'''Lt. John Gibbs''' (c. 1600 – 1659) is an early American settler and member of the Virginia House of Burgesses.

John Gibbs was born in [[England]] around 1600. He arrived on the ship ''Supply'' at [[Jamestown, Virginia|Jamestown]] in 1619. He was the partner of [[Christopher Stafford]] who had arrived on the ship ''The Treasuror'' in 1613.

Gibbs was a Representative from Captain Wardes Plantation along with Captain John Warde at the first House of Burgesses meeting in Virginia held in the choir of the Church of Jamestown.<ref>[http://www.nps.gov/archive/colo/Jthanout/1stASSLY.html The First Legislative Assembly]</ref>

Many of the Burgesses were ill and suffered from the heat and humidity. One Burgess, Mr. Shelley, representing Smythes Hundred died on August 1, 1619. The Governor, Sir [[George Yeardley]] decided to end the meeting after six days.

Lt. Gibbs did not survive the March 22, 1622 Indian attack of Westover.<ref>Virginia Immigrants and Adventurers 1607-1635: A Biographical Dictionary, [[Martha W. McCartney]], page 325.</ref>

== References ==
<div class="references-small" style="-moz-column-count:2; column-count:2;">
<small><references/></small>
</div>

[[Category:United States History Figures]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Gibbs, John}}

Neal Lozano

2010-11-27T21:05:44Z

Dwain:

'''Neal Lozano''' is an American, non-fiction Christian religious author who also runs a deliverance ministry.

Lozano attended Villanova University and has a master's degree in religious education. He has been married to his wife Janet who has helped in his ministry since 1973. Currently he serves as a senior coordinator of the House of God's Light and interdenominational Chistian community which he has pastored for thirty years. He has become an international speaker and has run and spoken all over the world at various conferences.

On deliverance which he and his wife have performed hundreds of times for free over the years he says that, "I've found that if you expect manifestations, you get them," he said. "They are real manifestations, but you can either stir them up by focusing on the devil, or you can focus on the person and help them take responsibility, through [[Christ]]."

== Books ==
* ''Will You Bless Me?''
* ''The Older Brother Returns''
* ''Unbound: A Practical Guide to Deliverance''

== External links ==
* [http://heartofthefather.com/ Heart of the Father Ministries]
* [http://www.religionnewsblog.com/4527/christian-deliverance-work-widespread "Christian Deliverance Work Widespread"]

Neal Lozano

2010-11-27T21:05:13Z

Dwain: I am the sole author of this article.

'''Neal Lozano''' is an American, non-fiction Christian religious author who also runs a deliverance ministry.

Lozano attended Villanova University and has a master's degree in religious education. He has been married to his wife Janet who has helped in his ministry since 1973. Currently he serves as a senior coordinator of the House of God's Light and interdenominational Chistian community which he has pastored for thirty years. He has become an international speaker and has run and spoken all over the world at various conferences.

On deliverance which he and his wife have performed hundreds of times for free over the years he says that, "I've found that if you expect manifestations, you get them," he said. "They are real manifestations, but you can either stir them up by focusing on the devil, or you can focus on the person and help them take responsibility, through Christ."

== Books ==
* ''Will You Bless Me?''
* ''The Older Brother Returns''
* ''Unbound: A Practical Guide to Deliverance''

== External links ==
* [http://heartofthefather.com/ Heart of the Father Ministries]
* [http://www.religionnewsblog.com/4527/christian-deliverance-work-widespread "Christian Deliverance Work Widespread"]

User:Dwain

2010-11-09T22:14:10Z

Dwain:

Wikipedia stinks! Why is it that just about every satanist, occultist, communist, pervert online goes there to edit? Wikipedia is like an evil dumping ground where Truth is trashed daily for liberal lies and an anti-Christian propaganda. It's really too bad that Wikipedia, because they were the first so-called editable online encyclopedia to take off, gets all the attention as millions of people are misguided unknowingly, everytime they read much of the waste that is on that website. Homosexuality good; Christianity bad! Abortion good; Republicans bad! Dwain, Just venting, sorry.

{{Useful links}}

Peter Heier

2010-11-09T21:34:57Z

Dwain:

Father '''Peter Heier''' (b. September 16, 1895), S.V.D. was a [[Roman Catholic]] [[priest]] and exorcist of Hague, North Dakota.

Peter Heier was the son of George and Magdalena (Wolf) Heier. He was born in Kleinliebental, Grossliebental, Ukraine. His family immigrated to the United States and settled in North Dakota. Peter studied for the priesthood and was stationed in Hague, North Dakota where he also served as an [[exorcist]]. While serving as a missionary in [[China]] he was put in charge of a noted demonic possession case in 1926 and again in 1929, concerning a Chinese woman named Lautien in [[Henan]], [[China]].<ref>Be Gone Satan! A Sensational Expulsion of the Devil which occurred in Iowa in 1928, Rev. Celestine Kapsner, 1935</ref> The case was printed up in a pamphlet entitled, Begone Satan, in 1935 by Father Celestine Kapsner.

His younger brother Francis G. Heier was also a Catholic priest. <ref>http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~ndemmons/heatherobits.htm</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links==
*[http://bibleprobe.com/1928exorcism.htm A Sensational Expulsion of the Devil which occurred in Iowa in 1928]

Talk:Peter Heier

2010-11-09T21:34:15Z

Dwain: Wikipedia article similarity

== Wikipedia article similarity ==

If this article is the same or similar to the Wikipedia article it is because I created it. Dwain

Peter Heier

2010-11-09T21:32:48Z

Dwain: /* External links */

Father '''Peter Heier''' (b. September 16, 1895), [[S.V.D.]] was a [[Roman Catholic]] [[priest]] of [[Hague, North Dakota]].

Peter Heier was the son of George and Magdalena (Wolf) Heier. He was born in Kleinliebental, Grossliebental, Ukraine. His family immigrated to the United States and settled in North Dakota. Peter studied for the priesthood and was stationed in Hague, North Dakota where he also served as an [[exorcist]]. While serving as a missionary in [[China]] he was put in charge of a noted demonic possession case in 1926 and again in 1929, concerning a Chinese woman named Lautien in [[Henan]], [[China]].<ref>Be Gone Satan! A Sensational Expulsion of the Devil which occurred in Iowa in 1928, Rev. Celestine Kapsner, 1935</ref> The case was printed up in a pamphlet entitled, Begone Satan, in 1935 by Father Celestine Kapsner.

His younger brother Francis G. Heier was also a Catholic priest. <ref>http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~ndemmons/heatherobits.htm</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links==
*[http://bibleprobe.com/1928exorcism.htm A Sensational Expulsion of the Devil which occurred in Iowa in 1928]

Peter Heier

2010-11-09T21:32:01Z

Dwain: I Dwain, created this biography of a noted Catholic exorcist on wikipedia.

Samuel Krafsur

2010-10-23T01:57:06Z

Dwain:

{| cellpadding="1" style="float: right; border: 1px solid #8888aa; background: #f7f8ff; padding: 5px; font-size: 85%; margin: 0 15px 0 15px;"
| style="background: #ccf; text-align: center;" | '''This article is part of the'''<br>'''[[Venona project|Venona]]'''<br>'''series.'''
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|[[CPUSA#Secret_apparatus|Secret apparatus]]
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|[[Abraham Lincoln Brigade]]
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|[[TASS]]
|-
|style="border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc"|
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|<small>[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Template:Ushistory&action=edit Edit this box]</small>
|}
'''Samuel Simon Krafsur''' (January 10, 1913<ref>U. S. Social Security Death Index</ref> – June 1983) was a Boston-born journalist who worked for the [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] news agency [[TASS (USSR)|TASS]] during [[World War II]]. He was also known as '''Bill Krafsur'''.<ref>[http://64.233.169.104/search?q=cache:zvSmw-tjBF8J:www.alba-valb.org/volpdf/vol_1938_04.pdf+%22Bill+Krafsur%22&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=3&gl=us The Volunteer For Liberty, Vol. 1, No. 3, April, 1938]</ref>

Krafsur was mentioned in the [[Venona]] intercepts under the codename IDE. He was used by the [[KGB]] during the war as a source of information and for recruiting journalists as informants and agents, and is referred to in the [[NSA]] archives as a "KGB agent".<ref>National Security Agency Archives[http://permanent.access.gpo.gov/lps33230/www.nsa.gov/docs/venona/monographs/monograph-1.html], National Cryptological Museum, [http://www.nsa.gov/museum/museu00040.cfm] Custodian of documents for the Army Signals Intelligence Corp.</ref><ref>[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/venon00116.cfm?CFID=2412771&CFTOKEN=59316524&jsessionid=c830b21ad087a$5FoV$B#17]</ref>

==Family==
Krafsur was born to Jacob and Selia Krafsur on January 10, 1913 in [[Boston]], [[Massachusetts]]. His father had been married previously and was left a widower before marrying Selia. The family name was originally Krapin. His father was working as a tailor in Boston in 1930. His father was born in Poland and his mother in Russia; they were ethnic Jews who spoke Yiddish.

==Early career==
In 1934, Krafsur joined the [[Communist Party of America]].<ref>The Venona Secrets: Exposing America's Cold War Traitors, Herbert Romerstein, Eric Breindel, page 430</ref> He attended Northeastern University for a year.<ref>''Venona: Decoding Espionage in America'', John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr, Yale University Press, (1999), pgs. 242–244, 248.</ref> Before going to [[Spain]] to fight with the [[Abraham Lincoln Brigade]] during the [[Spanish Civil War]],<ref>[http://64.233.169.104/search?q=cache:RQEKkR4YxdoJ:www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/spanjews.pdf+Krafsur+Boston+%2268+Phillips%22&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=3&gl=us Jews Who Served in the Spanish Civil War, by Martin Sugarman]</ref>he lived at 68 Phillips Street in Boston. Krafsur was wounded in Spain in 1937 and returned to the States. That same year he married Dixie Elizabeth Scoville in [[Vermont]].<ref>[http://genealinks.com/cgi-bin/marriages.cgi/?Dix GeneaLinks, Online Marriage Records for Your Genealogy]</ref>

In 1938 Krafsur was a member of the editorial staff of ''The Volunteers for Liberty'' a newspaper which was an, "organ of the Veterans of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade" organization out of 125 West 45 Street in New York City.<ref>The Volunteer For Liberty, Vol. 1, No. 3, April, 1938</ref> In April of 1938 he was in charge of finding veterans to tell their war sotries to be made into radio plays written by [[Irwin Shaw]].<ref>The Volunteer For Liberty, Vol. 1, No. 3, April, 1938</ref>

He began working for TASS in New York in 1941<ref> Scope of Soviet Activity in the United States: Hearing Before the Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws of the Committee of the Judiciary, United States Senate, 84th Congress Second Session [85th Congress First Session] Transcript, April 17, 1956</ref> after being recruited by the Soviet agent [[Vladimir Pravdin]]. Krafsur spent he Summer of 1941 working in New York and was sent down to Washington, D.C. in October of that year. After the attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, he was located in Washington perminently.<ref>Scope of Soviet Activity in the United States: Hearing Before the Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws of the Committee of the Judiciary, United States Senate, 84th Congress Second Session [85th Congress First Session] Transcript, April 17, 1956</ref>

Krafsur was considered an important asset to the KGB because of the many contacts he had with other newsmen. He was the deputy TASS bureau chief in [[Washington, D.C.]] and the [[FBI]] spent a lot of time and effort trying to identify who he was under his codename IDE.<ref>''Venona: Decoding Espionage in America'', John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr, Yale University Press, (1999), pgs. 242–244, 248.</ref>

In May 1944, he was described in a KGB cable from New York to Moscow as, "absolutely devoted to the [[USSR]]." He provided at least twenty leads of people for possible recruitment including [[Josef Berger|Joseph Berger]], a personal aide to the chairman of the [[Democratic National Committee]], and [[I. F. Stone]].<ref>''Venona: Decoding Espionage in America'', John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr, Yale University Press, (1999), pgs. 242–244, 248.</ref>

On August 17, 1944, Krafsur attended an off-the-record press conference in which Secretary of State [[Cordell Hull]] made an off-the-record remark concerning the Soviet Union. Krafsur reported the comment to the NKVD.<ref>The Venona Secrets: Exposing America's Cold War Traitors, Herbert Romerstein, Eric Breindel, page 430</ref>

Although Krafsur is suppose to have left TASS in October 1949,<ref> Scope of Soviet Activity in the United States: Hearing Before the Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws of the Committee of the Judiciary, United States Senate, 84th Congress Second Session [5th Congress First Session] Transcript, April 17, 1956</ref> he was mentioned in a newspaper article of November 26, 1949 as S.S. Krafsur as having press credentials along with five others out of the Washington office.<ref>The Evening Standard, "Monty Has Private Bodyguard for His Beret," George Dixon, page 10.</ref>

== Later life ==
In the 1950’s Krafsur lived at 6423 Dahlonega Road, Washington 16, D. C. and worked in Rockville at the Rockville Toy Craft.<ref>''Venona: Decoding Espionage in America'', John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr, Yale University Press, (1999), pgs. 242–244, 248.</ref> On February 24, 1956 Krafsur testified before a Senate sub-committee.<ref>Scope of Soviet Activity in the United States: Hearing Before the Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws of the Committee of the Judiciary, United States Senate, 84th Congress Second Session [85th Congress First Session] Transcript, April 17, 1956</ref>

According to his son, Elliot Scoville Krafsur, "S. S. Krafsur was 'uncooperative' with the [[House Committee on Un-American Activities|House Un-American Activities Committee]] in 1956 because they only wanted him to name publicly people he might have thought were communists or communist supporters."<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Samuel_Krafsur Elliot Scoville Krafsur, August 31, 2005</ref> Krafsur resigned from his toy job on the Saturday before his testimony on April 17, 1956, when he was invited to testify under oath for Subcommittee To Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws. Krafsur took the Fifth when asked if he had ever used another name or belonged to the Communist Party. He did state that after December 1940 and while working for TASS he was not a member of the Communist Party. Apart from the questions relating to his being a Communist he answered all the questions put to him and was far from being uncooperative, at least at this meeting, as his son suggested. He was asked no questions as to who he believed was or was not a party member.<ref>Scope of Soviet Activity in the United States: Hearing Before the Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws of the Committee of the Judiciary, United States Senate, 84th Congress Second Session [85th Congress First Session] Transcript, April 17, 1956</ref>

In the early 1960's he married the ex-wife of the secretary-treasurer of the Mine, Mill, and Smelters Union. He died, at the age of seventy, in St. Petersburg, Florida in 1983.<ref>U. S. Social Security Death Index</ref>

==Venona==
Samuel Krafsur is referenced in the following [[Venona project]] decryptions:

*KGB Agent Samuel Krafsur reports on potential recruits.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/17_May_1944_R3_m5_p1.gif 705 KGB New York to Moscow, 17 May 1944]

*KGB reports on two journalists.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/21_May_1944_R3_p1.gif 734 KGB New York to Moscow, 21 May 1944]

*Identity of "IDE" and recommendation of his friend [[Joseph Berger]].
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/23_May_1944_R6_m1_p1.gif 738 KGB New York to Moscow, 23 May 1944]

*KGB Agent Samuel Krafsur's wife.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/01_Jun_1944_R3_m3_p1.gif 789 KGB New York to Moscow, 1 June 1944]

* US Diplomatic Policy.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/15_Jun_1944_R3_m1_p1.gif 847B, 848 KGB New York to Moscow, 15 June 1944, p.1]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/15_Jun_1944_R3_m1_p2.gif 847B, 848 KGB New York to Moscow, 15 June 1944, p.2]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/15_Jun_1944_R3_m1_p3.gif 847B, 848 KGB New York to Moscow, 15 June 1944, p.3]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/15_Jun_1944_R3_m1_p4.gif 847B, 848 KGB New York to Moscow, 15 June 1944, p.4]

*KGB agent Sammuel Krafsur receives information.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/15_Jul_1944_R3_m1_p1.gif 998 KGB New York to Moscow, 15 July 1944, p.1]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/15_Jul_1944_R3_m1_p2.gif 998 KGB New York to Moscow, 15 July 1944, p.2]

* Report of Secretary of State [[Cordell Hull]]'s informal views.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/17_Aug_1944_R3_m3_p1.gif 1178 KGB New York to Moscow, 17 August 1944, p.1]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/17_Aug_1944_R3_m3_p2.gif 1178 KGB New York to Moscow, 17 August 1944, p.2]

*Baltimore Sun correspondent corroborates [[Walter Lippman]]'s views of [[Churchill]]'s relations with [[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Roosevelt]].
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/09_Sep_1944_R3_m2_p1.gif 1291 KGB New York to Moscow, 9 September 1944, p.1]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/09_Sep_1944_R3_m2_p2.gif 1291 KGB New York to Moscow, 9 September 1944, p.2]

*Interest in recruiting [[I. F. Stone]] and in deal in Chile.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/13_Sep_1944_R3_m4_p1.gif 1313 KGB New York to Moscow, 13 September 1944, p.1]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/13_Sep_1944_R3_m4_p2.gif 1313 KGB New York to Moscow, 13 September 1944, p.2]

*Resend of newspapers' views of correspondents on pending Roosevelt and Churchill meeting.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/14_Sep_1944_R3_m1_p1.gif 1312 KGB New York to Moscow, 14 September 1944, p.1]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/14_Sep_1944_R3_m1_p2.gif 1312 KGB New York to Moscow, 14 September 1944, p.2]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/14_Sep_1944_R3_m1_p3.gif 1312 KGB New York to Moscow, 14 September 1944, p.3]

*Operational report by [[Pravdin]]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/10_Oct_1944_R3_m3_p1.gif 1433, 1435 New York to Moscow, 10 October 1944, p.1]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/10_Oct_1944_R3_m3_p2.gif 1433, 1435 New York to Moscow, 10 October 1944, p.2]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/10_Oct_1944_R3_m3_p3.gif 1433, 1435 New York to Moscow, 10 October 1944, p.3]

*I. F. Stone' reluctance to help KGB as he fears [[FBI]].
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/23_Oct_1944_R3_m1_p1.gif 1506 KGB New York to Moscow, 23 October 1944, p.1]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/23_Oct_1944_R3_m1_p2.gif 1506 KGB New York to Moscow, 23 October 1944, p.2]

* Ambassador [[William Averell Harriman]]'s comments to US Press Corps on aid to USSR.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/28_Oct_1944_R3_m1_p1.gif 1535, 1537, 1538 KGB New York to Moscow, 28 October 1944]

*Joseph Berger is assessed by KGB agent Samuel Krafsur.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/25_May_1945_R3_m2_p1.gif 777–779 KGB New York to Moscow, 25 May 1945, p.1]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/25_May_1945_R3_m2_p2.gif 777–779 KGB New York to Moscow, 25 May 1945, p.2]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/25_May_1945_R3_m2_p3.gif 777–779 KGB New York to Moscow, 25 May 1945, p.3]

==References==
<div class="references-small" style="-moz-column-count:2; column-count:2;">
<references/>
</div>

== Sources ==
* ''Venona: Decoding Espionage in America'', John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr, Yale University Press, (1999), pgs. 242–244, 248. ISBN 0-300-07150-7
* ''Mortal Crimes - The Greatest Theft in History: Soviet Penetration of the Manhattan Project'', Nigel West, Enigma Books, (2004).

== External links ==
* [http://www.theworldintelligencereview.com/books&culture/archives/2005/03/spying_on_ameri.html Spying on America]
* [http://www.alba-valb.org/volunteers/samuel-conway-krafsur/?searchterm=Krafsur ALBA Abraham Lincoln Brigade Archives]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Krafsur, Samuel}}
[[Category:KGB Agents and Sources]]
[[Category:propagandists]]

Samuel Krafsur

2010-10-23T01:56:28Z

Dwain:

{| cellpadding="1" style="float: right; border: 1px solid #8888aa; background: #f7f8ff; padding: 5px; font-size: 85%; margin: 0 15px 0 15px;"
| style="background: #ccf; text-align: center;" | '''This article is part of the'''<br>'''[[Venona project|Venona]]'''<br>'''series.'''
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|[[CPUSA#Secret_apparatus|Secret apparatus]]
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| style="text-align: center;"|[[Abraham Lincoln Brigade]]
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|[[TASS]]
|-
|style="border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc"|
|-
| style="text-align: center;"|<small>[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/wiki.phtml?title=Template:Ushistory&action=edit Edit this box]</small>
|}
'''Samuel Samuel Krafsur''' (January 10, 1913<ref>U. S. Social Security Death Index</ref> – June 1983) was a Boston-born journalist who worked for the [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] news agency [[TASS (USSR)|TASS]] during [[World War II]]. He was also known as '''Bill Krafsur'''.<ref>[http://64.233.169.104/search?q=cache:zvSmw-tjBF8J:www.alba-valb.org/volpdf/vol_1938_04.pdf+%22Bill+Krafsur%22&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=3&gl=us The Volunteer For Liberty, Vol. 1, No. 3, April, 1938]</ref>

Krafsur was mentioned in the [[Venona]] intercepts under the codename IDE. He was used by the [[KGB]] during the war as a source of information and for recruiting journalists as informants and agents, and is referred to in the [[NSA]] archives as a "KGB agent".<ref>National Security Agency Archives[http://permanent.access.gpo.gov/lps33230/www.nsa.gov/docs/venona/monographs/monograph-1.html], National Cryptological Museum, [http://www.nsa.gov/museum/museu00040.cfm] Custodian of documents for the Army Signals Intelligence Corp.</ref><ref>[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/venon00116.cfm?CFID=2412771&CFTOKEN=59316524&jsessionid=c830b21ad087a$5FoV$B#17]</ref>

==Family==
Krafsur was born to Jacob and Selia Krafsur on January 10, 1913 in [[Boston]], [[Massachusetts]]. His father had been married previously and was left a widower before marrying Selia. The family name was originally Krapin. His father was working as a tailor in Boston in 1930. His father was born in Poland and his mother in Russia; they were ethnic Jews who spoke Yiddish.

==Early career==
In 1934, Krafsur joined the [[Communist Party of America]].<ref>The Venona Secrets: Exposing America's Cold War Traitors, Herbert Romerstein, Eric Breindel, page 430</ref> He attended Northeastern University for a year.<ref>''Venona: Decoding Espionage in America'', John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr, Yale University Press, (1999), pgs. 242–244, 248.</ref> Before going to [[Spain]] to fight with the [[Abraham Lincoln Brigade]] during the [[Spanish Civil War]],<ref>[http://64.233.169.104/search?q=cache:RQEKkR4YxdoJ:www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/spanjews.pdf+Krafsur+Boston+%2268+Phillips%22&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=3&gl=us Jews Who Served in the Spanish Civil War, by Martin Sugarman]</ref>he lived at 68 Phillips Street in Boston. Krafsur was wounded in Spain in 1937 and returned to the States. That same year he married Dixie Elizabeth Scoville in [[Vermont]].<ref>[http://genealinks.com/cgi-bin/marriages.cgi/?Dix GeneaLinks, Online Marriage Records for Your Genealogy]</ref>

In 1938 Krafsur was a member of the editorial staff of ''The Volunteers for Liberty'' a newspaper which was an, "organ of the Veterans of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade" organization out of 125 West 45 Street in New York City.<ref>The Volunteer For Liberty, Vol. 1, No. 3, April, 1938</ref> In April of 1938 he was in charge of finding veterans to tell their war sotries to be made into radio plays written by [[Irwin Shaw]].<ref>The Volunteer For Liberty, Vol. 1, No. 3, April, 1938</ref>

He began working for TASS in New York in 1941<ref> Scope of Soviet Activity in the United States: Hearing Before the Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws of the Committee of the Judiciary, United States Senate, 84th Congress Second Session [85th Congress First Session] Transcript, April 17, 1956</ref> after being recruited by the Soviet agent [[Vladimir Pravdin]]. Krafsur spent he Summer of 1941 working in New York and was sent down to Washington, D.C. in October of that year. After the attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, he was located in Washington perminently.<ref>Scope of Soviet Activity in the United States: Hearing Before the Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws of the Committee of the Judiciary, United States Senate, 84th Congress Second Session [85th Congress First Session] Transcript, April 17, 1956</ref>

Krafsur was considered an important asset to the KGB because of the many contacts he had with other newsmen. He was the deputy TASS bureau chief in [[Washington, D.C.]] and the [[FBI]] spent a lot of time and effort trying to identify who he was under his codename IDE.<ref>''Venona: Decoding Espionage in America'', John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr, Yale University Press, (1999), pgs. 242–244, 248.</ref>

In May 1944, he was described in a KGB cable from New York to Moscow as, "absolutely devoted to the [[USSR]]." He provided at least twenty leads of people for possible recruitment including [[Josef Berger|Joseph Berger]], a personal aide to the chairman of the [[Democratic National Committee]], and [[I. F. Stone]].<ref>''Venona: Decoding Espionage in America'', John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr, Yale University Press, (1999), pgs. 242–244, 248.</ref>

On August 17, 1944, Krafsur attended an off-the-record press conference in which Secretary of State [[Cordell Hull]] made an off-the-record remark concerning the Soviet Union. Krafsur reported the comment to the NKVD.<ref>The Venona Secrets: Exposing America's Cold War Traitors, Herbert Romerstein, Eric Breindel, page 430</ref>

Although Krafsur is suppose to have left TASS in October 1949,<ref> Scope of Soviet Activity in the United States: Hearing Before the Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws of the Committee of the Judiciary, United States Senate, 84th Congress Second Session [5th Congress First Session] Transcript, April 17, 1956</ref> he was mentioned in a newspaper article of November 26, 1949 as S.S. Krafsur as having press credentials along with five others out of the Washington office.<ref>The Evening Standard, "Monty Has Private Bodyguard for His Beret," George Dixon, page 10.</ref>

== Later life ==
In the 1950’s Krafsur lived at 6423 Dahlonega Road, Washington 16, D. C. and worked in Rockville at the Rockville Toy Craft.<ref>''Venona: Decoding Espionage in America'', John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr, Yale University Press, (1999), pgs. 242–244, 248.</ref> On February 24, 1956 Krafsur testified before a Senate sub-committee.<ref>Scope of Soviet Activity in the United States: Hearing Before the Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws of the Committee of the Judiciary, United States Senate, 84th Congress Second Session [85th Congress First Session] Transcript, April 17, 1956</ref>

According to his son, Elliot Scoville Krafsur, "S. S. Krafsur was 'uncooperative' with the [[House Committee on Un-American Activities|House Un-American Activities Committee]] in 1956 because they only wanted him to name publicly people he might have thought were communists or communist supporters."<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Samuel_Krafsur Elliot Scoville Krafsur, August 31, 2005</ref> Krafsur resigned from his toy job on the Saturday before his testimony on April 17, 1956, when he was invited to testify under oath for Subcommittee To Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws. Krafsur took the Fifth when asked if he had ever used another name or belonged to the Communist Party. He did state that after December 1940 and while working for TASS he was not a member of the Communist Party. Apart from the questions relating to his being a Communist he answered all the questions put to him and was far from being uncooperative, at least at this meeting, as his son suggested. He was asked no questions as to who he believed was or was not a party member.<ref>Scope of Soviet Activity in the United States: Hearing Before the Subcommittee to Investigate the Administration of the Internal Security Act and Other Internal Security Laws of the Committee of the Judiciary, United States Senate, 84th Congress Second Session [85th Congress First Session] Transcript, April 17, 1956</ref>

In the early 1960's he married the ex-wife of the secretary-treasurer of the Mine, Mill, and Smelters Union. He died, at the age of seventy, in St. Petersburg, Florida in 1983.<ref>U. S. Social Security Death Index</ref>

==Venona==
Samuel Krafsur is referenced in the following [[Venona project]] decryptions:

*KGB Agent Samuel Krafsur reports on potential recruits.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/17_May_1944_R3_m5_p1.gif 705 KGB New York to Moscow, 17 May 1944]

*KGB reports on two journalists.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/21_May_1944_R3_p1.gif 734 KGB New York to Moscow, 21 May 1944]

*Identity of "IDE" and recommendation of his friend [[Joseph Berger]].
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/23_May_1944_R6_m1_p1.gif 738 KGB New York to Moscow, 23 May 1944]

*KGB Agent Samuel Krafsur's wife.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/01_Jun_1944_R3_m3_p1.gif 789 KGB New York to Moscow, 1 June 1944]

* US Diplomatic Policy.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/15_Jun_1944_R3_m1_p1.gif 847B, 848 KGB New York to Moscow, 15 June 1944, p.1]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/15_Jun_1944_R3_m1_p2.gif 847B, 848 KGB New York to Moscow, 15 June 1944, p.2]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/15_Jun_1944_R3_m1_p3.gif 847B, 848 KGB New York to Moscow, 15 June 1944, p.3]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/15_Jun_1944_R3_m1_p4.gif 847B, 848 KGB New York to Moscow, 15 June 1944, p.4]

*KGB agent Sammuel Krafsur receives information.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/15_Jul_1944_R3_m1_p1.gif 998 KGB New York to Moscow, 15 July 1944, p.1]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/15_Jul_1944_R3_m1_p2.gif 998 KGB New York to Moscow, 15 July 1944, p.2]

* Report of Secretary of State [[Cordell Hull]]'s informal views.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/17_Aug_1944_R3_m3_p1.gif 1178 KGB New York to Moscow, 17 August 1944, p.1]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/17_Aug_1944_R3_m3_p2.gif 1178 KGB New York to Moscow, 17 August 1944, p.2]

*Baltimore Sun correspondent corroborates [[Walter Lippman]]'s views of [[Churchill]]'s relations with [[Franklin D. Roosevelt|Roosevelt]].
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/09_Sep_1944_R3_m2_p1.gif 1291 KGB New York to Moscow, 9 September 1944, p.1]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/09_Sep_1944_R3_m2_p2.gif 1291 KGB New York to Moscow, 9 September 1944, p.2]

*Interest in recruiting [[I. F. Stone]] and in deal in Chile.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/13_Sep_1944_R3_m4_p1.gif 1313 KGB New York to Moscow, 13 September 1944, p.1]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/13_Sep_1944_R3_m4_p2.gif 1313 KGB New York to Moscow, 13 September 1944, p.2]

*Resend of newspapers' views of correspondents on pending Roosevelt and Churchill meeting.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/14_Sep_1944_R3_m1_p1.gif 1312 KGB New York to Moscow, 14 September 1944, p.1]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/14_Sep_1944_R3_m1_p2.gif 1312 KGB New York to Moscow, 14 September 1944, p.2]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/14_Sep_1944_R3_m1_p3.gif 1312 KGB New York to Moscow, 14 September 1944, p.3]

*Operational report by [[Pravdin]]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/10_Oct_1944_R3_m3_p1.gif 1433, 1435 New York to Moscow, 10 October 1944, p.1]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/10_Oct_1944_R3_m3_p2.gif 1433, 1435 New York to Moscow, 10 October 1944, p.2]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/10_Oct_1944_R3_m3_p3.gif 1433, 1435 New York to Moscow, 10 October 1944, p.3]

*I. F. Stone' reluctance to help KGB as he fears [[FBI]].
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/23_Oct_1944_R3_m1_p1.gif 1506 KGB New York to Moscow, 23 October 1944, p.1]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/23_Oct_1944_R3_m1_p2.gif 1506 KGB New York to Moscow, 23 October 1944, p.2]

* Ambassador [[William Averell Harriman]]'s comments to US Press Corps on aid to USSR.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/28_Oct_1944_R3_m1_p1.gif 1535, 1537, 1538 KGB New York to Moscow, 28 October 1944]

*Joseph Berger is assessed by KGB agent Samuel Krafsur.
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/25_May_1945_R3_m2_p1.gif 777–779 KGB New York to Moscow, 25 May 1945, p.1]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/25_May_1945_R3_m2_p2.gif 777–779 KGB New York to Moscow, 25 May 1945, p.2]
:[http://www.nsa.gov/venona/releases/25_May_1945_R3_m2_p3.gif 777–779 KGB New York to Moscow, 25 May 1945, p.3]

==References==
<div class="references-small" style="-moz-column-count:2; column-count:2;">
<references/>
</div>

== Sources ==
* ''Venona: Decoding Espionage in America'', John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr, Yale University Press, (1999), pgs. 242–244, 248. ISBN 0-300-07150-7
* ''Mortal Crimes - The Greatest Theft in History: Soviet Penetration of the Manhattan Project'', Nigel West, Enigma Books, (2004).

== External links ==
* [http://www.theworldintelligencereview.com/books&culture/archives/2005/03/spying_on_ameri.html Spying on America]
* [http://www.alba-valb.org/volunteers/samuel-conway-krafsur/?searchterm=Krafsur ALBA Abraham Lincoln Brigade Archives]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Krafsur, Samuel}}
[[Category:KGB Agents and Sources]]
[[Category:propagandists]]

Dwight Schultz

2010-06-06T16:04:22Z

Dwain: added external link

'''Dwight Schultz''' American actor.

Schultz became famous for his role of "Howling Mad" Murdock on the 1980's television show the [[A-Team]]. He appeared in the film ''Fat Man and Little Boy'' in 1989 and was said to have argued for historical accuracy for the movie. He also made notable appearances on ''Star Trek the Next Generation'' as Lieutenant Barclay.

Schultz also tried his hand at being a conservative talk-radio host.

== External Link ==
* [http://www.dwightschultzfansite.nl/ Official Dwight Schultz Website]
{{DEFAULTSORT:Schultz, Dwight}}
[[Category:Actors]]

D. C. Douglas

2010-04-27T17:57:50Z

Dwain:

'''D. C. Douglas''', liberal voiceover actor who called up [[FreedomWorks]] and left a message under the name of "Lance Baxter." He referred to their workers and supporters as "mentally retarded," and asked them what happens after one of their "members does actually kill somebody."<ref>[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/04/23/AR2010042304901.html]</ref>

FreedomWorks President Matt Kibbe released the message left by Douglas and the media picked up on the action and reported the event. Douglas, who had previously worked for the car insurance company Geiko, was fired by them because of his controversial stunt. Since the media reports Douglas has been trying to erase all mention of his actions from the website Wikipedia, editing his own article and calling other editors "idiots."<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=D._C._Douglas&action=history]</ref> After losing his contract with Geiko Douglas was quoted as saying,"Kibbe crossed a big ethical line."<ref>[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/04/23/AR2010042304901.html]</ref>

== References ==
<references/>

D. C. Douglas

2010-04-27T16:01:40Z

Dwain: Douglas quote

'''D. C. Douglas''', liberal voiceover actor who called up [[FreedomWorks]] and left a message under the name of "Lance Baxter." He referred to their workers and supporters as "mentally retarded," and asked them what happens after one of their "members does actually kill somebody."<ref>[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/04/23/AR2010042304901.html]</ref>

FreedomWorks President Matt Kibbe released the message left by Douglas and the media picked up on the action and reported the event. Douglas, who had previously worked for the car insurance company Geiko, was fired by them because of his controversial stunt. Since the media reports Douglas has been trying to erase all mention of his actions from the website Wikipedia, editing his own article and calling other editors "idiots."<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=D._C._Douglas&action=history]</ref> After losing his contract with Gieko Douglas was quoted as saying,"Kibbe crossed a big ethical line."<ref>[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/04/23/AR2010042304901.html]</ref>

== References ==
<references/>

D. C. Douglas

2010-04-27T15:57:43Z

Dwain:

'''D. C. Douglas''', liberal voiceover actor who called up [[Freedomworks]] and left a message under the name of "Lance Baxter." He referred to their workers and supporters as "mentally retarded," and asked them what happens after one of their "members does actually kill somebody."<ref>[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/04/23/AR2010042304901.html]</ref>

Freedomworks released the message left by Douglas and the media picked up on the action and reported the event. Douglas, who had previously worked for the car insurance company Geiko, was fired by them because of his controversial stunt. Since the media reports Douglas has been trying to erase all mention of his actions from the website Wikipedia, editing his own article and calling other editors "idiots."<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=D._C._Douglas&action=history]</ref>

== References ==
<references/>

D. C. Douglas

2010-04-27T15:57:29Z

Dwain:

D. C. Douglas

2010-04-27T15:55:36Z

Dwain: /* References */

D. C. Douglas

2010-04-27T15:55:18Z

Dwain: Created page with ''''D. C. Douglas''', liberal voiceover actor who called up Freedomworks and left a message under the name of "Lance Baxter." He referred to their workers and supporters as "m…'

Examples of Bias in Wikipedia

2010-04-27T15:38:24Z

Dwain: Wikipedia protecting liberal D. C. Douglas' page

<big>The following is a growing list of examples of '''[[liberal bias]], [[deceit]], frivolous [[gossip]], and blatant errors on [[Wikipedia]].'''</big>
<br />
<br />
# Wikipedia omits an entry on [[fetal pain]], and instead redirects visitors to a different entry that denies the obvious pain experienced by unborn children during an [[abortion]]. Nine peer-reviewed studies confirm that there is fetal pain beginning at 20 weeks, as presented during legislative hearings in 2010 on the Nebraska [[Abortion Pain Prevention Act]], but Wikipedia insists on [[liberal denial]] and citation to only a few implausible, pro-abortion claims.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fetal_pain</ref>
# Wikipedia uses trivia to push its [[liberal]] icons on readers. In its first 200 words about [[conservative]] Chief Justice William Rehnquist, Wikipedia includes the meaningless trivia that he was born on the same day as (liberal) [[Jimmy Carter]].<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Rehnquist</ref> Yet nowhere in Carter's entry does it say he was born on the same day as Rehnquist.
# In a most deceitful, [[Fascism#Inspiration_for_the_New_Deal|fascist]] political tactic [[Wikipedia|Wikipedia's]] biography on [[Barack Obama]] discusses in detail his early childhood from when his parents met in 1960 to 1994 when Obama first served on the board of directors of the Woods Fund of Chicago. Then the article skips 1995 when Obama accepted the nomination and ran as a candidate of a [[Marxist]] political party called the [[New Party]],<ref>http://www.opencongress.org/wiki/Barack_Obama#Political_career</ref> and it jumps ahead to after "Obama was elected to the Illinois Senate in 1996."<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama#Political_career:_1996.E2.80.932008</ref> The stink of intellectual corruption in Wikipedia reeks of deceit, censoring an entire year of Barack Obama's life as a candidate before he got elected.<ref>http://www.conservapedia.com/Barack_Hussein_Obama#Illinois_State_Senate_.281995-2005.29</ref>
# [[Barack Obama]] cannot give a coherent speech without reading from a [[teleprompter]],<ref>Obama "uses a teleprompter during most speeches and even brief remarks" [http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/world-news/when-obamas-teleprompter-crashed-mid-speech_100217852.html]</ref> and even had two of them set up in an elementary school just to talk to reporters there. A search on "Obama" and "teleprompter" on Google returns over 4.7 million references.<ref>Search performed on Feb. 21, 2010.</ref> But Wikipedia's lengthy entry about Obama does not mention the teleprompter, not even once.
# Wikipedia's article on the [[French Revolution]] censors the central role [[atheism]] played in causing the mass murders of the [[Reign of Terror]].<ref>See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Revolution</ref>
# Wikipedia changes "Constitutional Convention," which drafted the U.S. Constitution, into the unheard of "Philadelphia Convention" that dilutes its significance. An internet search confirms that "Constitutional Convention" is used more than ten times as often as "Philadelphia Convention," but the liberal and anti-American Wikipedia editors insist on redirecting visitors to the obscure term.
# Wikipedia's article on [[Thanksgiving]] is a clearcut attempt to mitigate the meaning of Thanksgiving; from giving thanks to God as the holiday is meant to be, and instead changing history by claiming the day has become a politically correct "secular holiday." Wikipedia's [[political correctness]] is an attempt to change truth in order to appeal more closely with [[atheists]].
# On Wikipedia's article which lists most online encyclopedias an edit done from an anonymous IP address defamed Conservapedia by labeling it Far-right <ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_online_encyclopedias&action=historysubmit&diff=326381379&oldid=315763628</ref> This edit lasted for close to 2 months until it was finally removed, ironically by a conservative editor.
# Wikipedia Homosexual agenda by its editors is clearly visible here <ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:KAPITALIST88&action=historysubmit&diff=335800503&oldid=335420724</ref> where a userbox saying ''This user supports heterosexual marriage only is removed''. This user was later blocked and the official reason was for uploading a copyrighted image, but other users have uploaded many copyrighted images but who are not conservative and thus aren't blocked <ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Wad572</ref>.
#[[Barack Obama]] lost by a 2-1 margin in a congressional primary in 2000, but Wikipedia reduces that fact to merely one hard-to-find sentence amid its exaggerated praise.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama</ref>
#Wikipedia falsely states that there is "'''precise''' agreement"<ref>See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PSR_B1913%2B16 (emphasis added).</ref> between the data for [[PSR B1913 16|PSR B1913+16]] and predictions of the [[General Theory of Relativity]], when in fact the data are unmistakably different from the theoretical prediction, no data have been released since 2003 (perhaps due to such divergence), and even the authors of the study admit continuing imprecision by saying that "it seems unlikely that this test of relativistic gravity will be improved significantly."<ref>See [[PSR B1913 16|PSR B1913+16]].</ref>
#Conservapedia posted the news about liberal corruption of [[global warming]] science ([[climategate]]) on its Main Page on the very first day: November 19th. But it took Wikipedia over two weeks to give priority to this bombshell, and even now its entry is remarkably biased against it.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climategate</ref>
#[[Isaac Newton]] ''translated'' parts of the [[Bible]], and considered this effort to be the source of his scientific insights, yet Wikipedia's 10,000-word entry completely omits this.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Newton . Newton also felt that everyone else who translated the Bible were also able to have insights.</ref>
#The "Pioneer anomaly" contradicts both the [[theory of relativity]] and Newtonian gravity, but the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pioneer_anomaly Wikipedia article] describes it as a potential defect for only Newtonian gravity.<ref>The anomaly is discussed in an unbiased way here in [[Essay:Quantifying Order]].</ref>
#Wikipedia uses anti-religious examples for its entry on "argumentum ad populum" (Latin for claiming that something is true if it is popular). Conspicuously absent from Wikipedia's examples are atheistic arguments based on popular opinion, such as misleading people into thinking the [[evolution|theory of evolution]] must be true if others accept it.
#Wikipedia's article on engineering<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering</ref> features a photo of ... an offshore wind turbine, which is an inefficient [[liberal]] boondoggle and certainly not a representative example of engineering. None even exist off the shores of the [[United States]] because they are not competitive.
#Amid the [[libel]] controversy against [[Rush Limbaugh]] during his bid to purchase an NFL team, the [[St. Louis Rams]], Newsbusters revealed the false quote's Web source appeared to be from [[Wikipedia]].<ref>[http://www.wnd.com/index.php?fa=PAGE.view&pageId=112839 Limbaugh: Media 'scum' lying about fake racist quotes], WND, October 13, 2009.</ref> The quote has been removed and replaced several times since 2005. And the Wikipedia entry did not provide a transcript link to Limbaugh's show with the citation, because the quote did not exist but was part of a bias strategy by Wikipedia to label Limbaugh a racist. While the talk host criticized the website that bills itself as an "online encyclopedia," Wikipedia editors were busy discussing their strategy for handling the controversy.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Rush_Limbaugh#Legal_threat</ref> It was later revealed that the quotes were added by a highly controversial, bias user with the IP address of 69.64.213.146.<ref>[http://www.americanthinker.com/blog/2009/10/the_search_for_the_wikipedia_l.html The Search for the Wikipedia Libelist (important update)], American Thinker, October 21, 2009.</ref>
#Wikipedia has a large article detailing anti-abortion violence committed around the world,<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-abortion_violence</ref> but there is no article about pro-abortion violence, like that which resulted in the September 11, 2009, death of peaceful protester Jim Pouillon. There is no article for "Pro-choice violence"<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pro-choice_violence</ref> and "Pro-abortion violence" bizarrely redirects to the "Pro-life movement" article section about "Term controversy."<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pro-abortion_violence</ref> Before being redirected, the "Pro-abortion violence" article was biased towards downplaying the reality of violence committed by supporters of abortion.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pro-abortion_violence&oldid=298226073</ref> For example, while the "Anti-abortion violence" article matter-of-factly begins: "Anti-abortion violence is violence committed against individuals and organizations that provide abortion." ...the "Pro-abortion violence" article dismissingly began: "Pro-abortion violence (or pro-choice violence) is a term used in the pro-life movement to characterize acts of violence committed by abortion practitioners or abortion advocates against those who oppose abortion or against pregnant women. The former is regarded as factual while the latter is just "a term used in the pro-life movement."
#Wikipedia omits that there are serious contradictions within and objections to the [[Theory of Relativity]], instead presenting it as scientific gospel. (Example of contradictions and objections needed.)<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_relativity</ref>
#Wikipedia lists Factcheck.org as a "non-partisan" "'consumer advocate' for voters that aims to reduce the level of deception and confusion in U.S. politics."<ref>ref: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FactCheck</ref> However, two attempted edits were deleted pointing out factcheck.org falsely claims that Barry Soetoro (''aka'' [[Barack Obama]]) has produced his birth certificate: "FactCheck.org staffers have now seen, touched, examined and photographed the original birth certificate."<ref>ref: http://www.factcheck.org/elections-2008/born_in_the_usa.html</ref> This claim contradicts the fact that the document they refer to is a copy of a Certificate Of Live Birth, produced in 2007, as opposed to a Birth Certificate. While later in the page, it states that detractors claim it is a "'certification of birth', not a 'certificate of birth'" (actually "Certificate Of Live Birth" and "Birth Certificate" respectively). Factcheck.org clouds the verbage by getting the actual terms wrong and presenting the two items as synonymous.<ref>''Ibid.''</ref>
#Wikipedia's article about [[Bernhard Riemann]], perhaps the greatest modern mathematician, contains little discussion of Riemann's [[faith]] and tries to downplay his fundamentalism as though it were merely a passing interest as a teenager.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemann</ref><ref>http://www.answers.com/topic/bernhard-riemann</ref>
#Wikipedia savages anyone who criticizes the [[theory of evolution]], such as Dr. [[William Dembski]], whom Wikipedia introduces with outlandish, unsupported quotations by [[liberal]] critics.<ref name="Wiki Dembski">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_A._Dembski</ref> For example, Wikipedia describes David H. Wolpert as a "prominent mathematician" in order to insert a scathing, unjustified quotation by him about Dembski.<ref name="Wiki Dembski"/> In fact, Wolpert does not even hold a math degree and his (non-math) doctorate was from the University of California at the weak Santa Barbara location.<ref>http://ti.arc.nasa.gov/m/profile/dhw/cv.current.frame.pdf</ref> Dembski's PhD is in math from the preeminent University of Chicago.
#Noting that Al Gore's 2009 statement that he won a 2007 British court case about [[An Inconvenient Truth]] ran contrary to the actual ruling and, especially, the judge's statement that the claimant won the case against the film is considered "original research" and "POV" on Wikipedia.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dimmock_v_Secretary_of_State_for_Education_and_Skills&diff=302098981&oldid=302092626</ref>
#[[Wikipedia]] often treats [[conservative]] figures and sites with contempt, characteristic of the liberal [[double standard]]. Compare, for example, Wikipedia's smear of Conservapedia<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservapedia</ref> with its straightforward description of Scholarpedia.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scholarpedia</ref>
#[[Wikipedia]] cites vulgar blogs and liberal rants as though they are encyclopedic authorities. For example, its entry about [[Conservapedia]] claims that "[s]everal articles on the site have reputations for bias and inaccuracy,"<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservapedia</ref> but its citations for that falsehood consist of a vulgar blog, a liberal rant, and an article that takes a neutral position. None of Wikipedia's three "authorities" make any statement about the "reputation" of Conservapedia as Wikipedia claims.
#[[Wikipedia]] bias against [[movement conservative]]s is intense. [[Michele Bachmann]] won reelection in 2008 by 3% in a state that went heavily [[Democratic]], but instead of crediting her [[conservative]] positions the biased Wikipedia entry states, "Despite fallout from controversial statements that she had made, Bachmann defeated her Democratic opponent Elwyn Tinklenberg in the 2008 election."<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michele_Bachmann#cite_ref-33</ref>
#In its entry on the heavily Christian Gothic architecture,<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gothic_architecture</ref> [[Wikipedia]] credits [[Islam]] before [[Christianity]], does not even mention Christianity until after more than 1500 words, and then does not mention Christianity again.
#In his article entitled ''Wikipedia lies, slander continue'', [[journalism|journalist]] [[Joseph Farah]] supports his observation that [[Wikipedia]] "is not only a provider of inaccuracy and bias. It is wholesale purveyor of lies and slander unlike any other the world has ever known."<ref>http://wnd.com/index.php?fa=PAGE.view&pageId=83640</ref>
#Wikipedia's [[evolution]] article certainly does not have robust and relevant "Criticism and controversy" section its evolution article which is not surprising since [[Theory of evolution and liberalism|liberals are rather enamored of the evolutionary position]] despite the [[evolution|evolutionary view having a total lack of evidence supporting it]].
# Wikipedia's article on [[atheism]] fails to mention that [[United States|American]] [[atheist]]s [[Atheism and Uncharitableness|give significantly less to charity than American theists on a per capita basis even when church giving is not counted for theists]].<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atheism</ref> In addition, Wikipedia's article on atheism fails to mention [[Atheism and deception|how key proponents of atheism have been deceptive]]. Wikipedia's article on [[atheism]] also fails to mention that [[Christianity and Science|Christianity and not atheism was foundational in regards to the development of modern science]]. Wikipedia's article attempts to associate atheism with scientific progress.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atheism</ref> In addition, Wikipedia's article on atheism fails to mention that [[Atheism and suicide|atheism is a causal factor for suicide]].
# The Wikipedia entry for [[homosexuality]] is adorned with the a rainbow graphic but fails to mention the following: the [[Homosexuality and health|many diseases associated with homosexuality]], the [[Homosexuality_Statistics|high promiscuity rates of the male homosexual community]], the [[Homosexual Couples and Domestic Violence|higher incidences of domestic violence]] among homosexual couples compared to heterosexual couples, and the [[Homosexuality and health|substantially higher mental illness and drug usage rates of the homosexuality community]]. In addition, the Wikipedia article on homosexuality fails to mention that the American Psychiatric Association issued a fact sheet in May of 2000 stating that "..there are no replicated scientific studies supporting a specific biological etiology for homosexuality."<ref>http://www.cwfa.org/images/content/bornorbred.pdf</ref>
#Wikipedia editors regularly and fiercely alter the use of the terms "he" or "she" in articles regarding [[cross-dressing]]/[[transsexual]] figures. Men attempting to pass as females are near-universally referred to as "she" while women attempting to pass as men are referred to as "he", despite this usage absolutely incorrect in both scientific and legal senses.
#Wikipedia made no mention of the fact that President [[Obama]]'s Attorney General [[Eric Holder]] called the United States a "nation of cowards"<ref>http://www.usdoj.gov/ag/speeches/2009/ag-speech-090218.html?loc=interstitialskip</ref><ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eric_Holder&oldid=273538810</ref><ref>http://newsbusters.org/blogs/matthew-balan/2009/02/19/cnn-talking-heads-unanimously-praise-holders-coward-remarks</ref> when it comes to the discussion of race until about two weeks after Holder insulted America. <ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eric_Holder&diff=next&oldid=274455687</ref> In typical Wikipedia fashion, it was made to sound as if only conservatives such as Rush Limbaugh objected to the attorney general's crass insult and obvious contempt for the citizens of the United States of America. As of 3/8/09, there is no mention on Wikipedia of Obama's rebuke of Holder's "cowards" insult or of the fact that Holder wants an assault weapons ban. <ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eric_Holder&oldid=275247574</ref>
#''Alma mater'' normally refers to a college that a person actually graduated from. <ref>http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/alma%20mater</ref> However, at [[Wikipedia]], the biography for co-founder Jimmy Wales prominently lists two colleges he didn't graduate from as alma maters. <ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jimmy_Wales&oldid=272581018</ref> [[Sean Hannity]] attended but did not graduate from NYU. Wikipedia does not list NYU as Sean Hannity's alma mater because he is a conservative. <ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sean_Hannity&oldid=272201242</ref>
#The Wikipedia page for Republican Mark Kirk<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mark_Kirk&oldid=263357766</ref> made no mention of the widely-reported and significant fact that, as a Navy reservist, he is the first U.S. Representative since WWII to make an overseas deployment to an imminent danger area (Afghanistan).<ref>http://www.house.gov/apps/list/press/il10_kirk/Kirk_Completes_Reserve_Tour.html</ref> Instead, the Wikipedia page devotes an entire section titled "contributors" that attempts to smear Kirk with tenuous associations to controversial figures because of relatively small campaign donations. A grammatically-incorrect acknowledgment of Kirk's deployment eventually appeared.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mark_Kirk&oldid=263472629</ref> Kirk's wikipedia page mentioned a $1,000 donation from Tony Rezko <ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mark_Kirk&oldid=268845790</ref>, but Obama's page does not mention the $54,416 <ref>http://www.suntimes.com/news/metro/353782,CST-NWS-rezpols23.article</ref> Rezko donation. <ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Barack_Obama&oldid=272320979</ref> Only after this issue was brought up were issues corrected.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mark_Kirk&oldid=274813568</ref>
#Wikipedia smears [[conservative]] groups with prominent "Criticism and controversy" sections,<ref>See, e.g., http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Family_Association#Criticism_and_controversy</ref> usually featuring name-calling by obscure groups, but Wikipedia flatters [[liberal]] groups by downplaying what it euphemistically entitles as "Controversial stances."<ref>See, e.g., http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACLU#Controversial_stances</ref>
#Wikipedia's entry about the [[Christian]] martyr at [[Columbine]] refuses to admit that she was murdered by an [[atheist]] as she was expressing her [[faith]] in [[God]], as confirmed by multiple witnesses.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassie_Bernall</ref><ref>http://www.truthorfiction.com/rumors/c/cassie.htm</ref> Wikipedia is dominated by atheistic [[public school]] students who would be particularly biased against this truth.
#*Version of May 12, 2009:
#*:Initial reports suggested that one of the assailants, either Eric Harris or Dylan Klebold, asked Bernall if she believed in God moments before fatally shooting her. She was reported to have answered "yes". [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cassie_Bernall&oldid=289313205]
#Wikipedia's entry about [[Conservapedia]] contains four unsupported smears in its very first sentence,<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservapedia</ref> and conceals from readers how Conservapedia offers free online courses for teenagers.<ref>See [[Conservapedia:Index]]</ref> The result of this bias by Wikipedia, which raises money as a charity, is the concealing and demonizing of a free learning resource that Wikipedia itself does not offer.
#Wikipedia's entry on the [[Scopes trial]] downplays the fact that Darrow cowardly reneged in his agreement to take the witness stand, and pled his client guilty in order to avoid it. Instead, Wikipedia deceptively claims that "Darrow asked the judge to bring in the jury '''only''' to have them come to a guilty verdict."<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scopes_Trial (emphasis added)</ref><ref>Thanks much to a student in our [[American_History_Lectures|American History course]] for pointing this out.</ref>
#[[California]]'s Proposition 8 states that "only marriage between a man and a woman is valid or recognized in California." The Wikipedia article<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_8_(2008)</ref> does not mention that only those marriages are recognized under federal law anyway, and editors have removed any mention of the federal [[Defense of Marriage Act]].<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:California_Proposition_8_(2008)#DOMA</ref>
#The articles on both [[Saul Alinsky]] and his book, ''Rules for Radicals'' make no mention of his dedication to "the original radical—Lucifer."<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rules_for_Radicals</ref><ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saul_Alinsky</ref>
#[[Augusto Pinochet]], who overthrew [[communism]] in [[Chile]] and then restored democracy before voluntarily giving up power himself, is called a "dictator" by [[Wikipedia]],<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinochet</ref> but [[Fidel Castro]], the communist dictator of [[Cuba]] for four decades, is instead called a "leader" or even a "president".<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fidel_Castro</ref><ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fidel_Castro&oldid=235182888</ref>
# 100's of other climatologists have been removed from the category "Global warming skeptics", which Wikipedia decided to delete.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Coleman_(news_weathercaster)&diff=232272809&oldid=227980118</ref><ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Categories_for_discussion/Log/2008_August_7#Global_warming_and_ozone_hole_skeptics_categories</ref>
# Wikipedia's entry on [[Gardasil]], an [[HPV Vaccine]] promoted by [[liberals]] and Merck, is filled with falsehoods and omits key facts. As of Aug. 9, 2008, Wikipedia's entry claimed that cervical cancer was "the second leading cause of death from cancer in women world-wide"<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardasil</ref> (which is nonsense), and that the "HPV types 16 and 18 '''cause''' about 70% of cervical cancer cases" (not even Merck claims that); the entry downplays how the vaccine loses its effectiveness in a few years, and only about 3% of teenage recipients are likely to be exposed to the strains of HPV that the vaccine targets - at a cost of about $13,000 per child to possibly protect her against a cancer that does not arise until 30 years in the future.<ref>See [[HPV Vaccine]]</ref>
# Wikipedia tries to smear [[conservatives]] as "conspiracy theorists," even when they are not, and yet omits that epithet for [[liberals]] who insist there are vast conspiracies, such as [[Hillary Clinton]]'s claim of a "vast right-wing conspiracy." Compare Wikipedia's entry on [[Phyllis Schlafly]], which repeats a false assertion that she "veers off into conspiracy theories,"<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phyllis_Schlafly</ref> with Wikipedia's entry on Hillary Clinton, which provides her quote of a "vast" conspiracy yet refuses to describe her as a conspiracy theorist.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton</ref> Wikipedia's entry on [[liberal]] [[Michael Moore]], the biggest conspiracy theorist of all, does not even include any reference to the word "conspiracy"!<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Moore</ref>
# The Wikipedia page on [[Phyllis Schlafly]] implies that she took a stance in favor of segregation in 1960, and that she used Jewish code words. The source is a NY Times book review of a book about her, but the review does not say those things. The book review criticizes the book author instead. The Wikipedia article does not identify the book reviewer as Jewish, even tho she is a Jew raising a Jewish issue. A user who tried to correct these errors was blocked indefinitely from Wikipedia, and a comment was even removed from the Talk page.
# Wikipedia's entry on the [[conservative]] [[Oklahoma]] legislator Sally Kern is seething with bias, unjustified smears and outright distortions.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sally_Kern</ref> Wikipedia understates that over 1500 supporters rallied in support of her criticisms of the [[homosexual agenda]],<ref>http://newsok.com/article/3224704/1207238655</ref> and instead Wikipedia highlights predictable [[Hollywood Values|Hollywood]] criticisms of her stance. Wikipedia then smears her with false accusations about her family and emphasizes charges that were never brought against her. If that isn't enough, the Wikipedia entry even misrepresents a bill that Kern introduced to protect "a student's voluntary expression of a religious viewpoint"; Wikipedia relies on an anti-[[Christian]] blog to distort Kern's bill.
# The Wikipedia entry on [[baraminology]] (a form of taxonomy) describes it as "pseudoscience" and "unrelated to science" simply because it was devised by a creationist.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/baraminology</ref>
# If anyone posts a profane quote on Wikipedia with the expletives censored (e.g. d--n), editors quickly restore the profanity. Wikipedia's guidelines, which its liberal editors selectively ignore, suggest to include the profanity "if and only if" such expressions will contribute to the meaning of the article.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Profanity&oldid=227187296</reF>
# Wikipedia editors tried strenuously to come up with reasons to censor embarrassing stories about the [[liberal]] John Edwards,<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:John_Edwards</ref> despite frequently including smears against [[conservatives]].<ref>For example, Wikipedia ''does'' mention the [[liberal]] New York Times' poorly-researched allegations that John McCain had an affair [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_McCain_presidential_campaign%2C_2008#Alleged_inappropriate_involvement_with_lobbyists] in spite of the fact that the NYT's own ombudsman said there was "no proof" the story was true.[http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5hiZBfIDZs3P-I5ERtItxUcQ8JwGw]</ref> Several sites have stories about Wikipedia's obvious liberal bias on this issue. <ref>http://newsbusters.org/blogs/p-j-gladnick/2008/07/28/wikipedia-disallows-any-mention-alleged-john-edwards-scandal</ref><ref>http://gawker.com/5029921/john-edwards-wikipedia-page-strangely-love-child+free</ref><ref>http://conservativepulse.com/home/2008/07/edwards-sex-scandal-still-hasnt-surfaced-in-the-mainstream-press/</ref>
# Wikipedia's article on [[cold fusion]]<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_fusion</ref> presents it as a continuing controversy. [[Liberals]] hope that cold fusion will rescue us from our oil dependency without the need to drill for oil off our coasts. Cold fusion experiments are actually widely discredited. Wikipedia also presents the widely-discredited <ref>http://www.spectrum.ieee.org/jan09/7127</ref> Hydrino theory <ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randell_Mills</ref> as a possible energy source so that politically incorrect sources of power such as coal and nuclear fission seem less necessary.
# [[Liberals]] loathe self-defense, and [[Wikipedia]]'s entry on the national self-defense system of the [[Strategic Defense Initiative]] is seething with bias and outright falsehoods.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategic_Defense_Initiative</ref> Long passages are devoted to irrational criticisms of the programs, with inexplicable prominence given to criticisms by Hans Bethe, a European-raised scientist who later endorsed [[John Kerry]] for president. The entry even claims that SDI brought "the nuclear standoff with the Soviet Union to its most critical point!"<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategic_Defense_Initiative</ref>
# [[Wikipedia]] biographies for conservatives such as [[Rush Limbaugh]] and [[Michelle Malkin]] are usually saddled with large sections titled “controversies”. These “controversies” are often nothing but quotes or complaints by fringe [[liberal]] elements, and Wikipedia advises against such sections, but its liberal editors ensure the biased use of such sections.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Criticism&oldid=225325117</reF> However, the Wikipedia page for “Hanoi” Jane Fonda describes her obviously controversial propagandizing for the North Vietnamese government during the Vietnam War as “political activism” rather than “controversy”. <ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane_Fonda</ref>
#[[Wikipedia]] promoted to good status, or GA, its smear entry about Conservapedia, in which Wikipedia claims that Conservapedia "has received much criticism from those who have accused it of factual inaccuracies."<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservapedia#cite_ref-Clarke_6-0</ref> When Conservapedia pointed out the lack of support (which violates stated Wikipedia policy) for this false smear of Conservapedia, Wikipedia simply replaced its prior cite with a new one that also failed to support its smear. After this was pointed out, [[Wikipedia]] simply changed its sentence to try to smear Conservapedia in another way.
#[[Wikipedia]] will give often great prominence to [[liberal]] criticism of someone, while almost never giving such prominence to [[conservative]] criticism of a [[liberal]]. For example, Wikipedia's entry for [[conservative]] [[Texas]] legislator Debbie Riddle is devoted mostly to [[liberal]] criticism of an obscure quote of hers.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debbie_Riddle</ref> But Wikipedia's entry for [[liberal]] [[Chuck Schumer]] consists of glowing praise without including any [[conservative]] criticism of him.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Schumer</ref>
#[[Wikipedia]]'s entry on [[Barack Obama]] claims that he "was selected as an editor of the law review based on his grades and a writing competition,"<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama</ref> when in fact the Harvard Law Review has long used racial quotas for admission.<ref>http://www.thecrimson.com/article.aspx?ref=513672 (partially explaining the race-based selection system)</ref>
#[[Wikipedia]]'s entry on [[censorship]] omits any reference to [[liberal]] censorship of [[classroom prayer]], [[pro-life]] advertisements, [[conservative]] newspapers on college campuses, or mentioning [[intelligent design]] in school.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Censorship</ref>
#[[Wikipedia]] falsely smears Conservapedia by claiming that it has "come under significant criticism for factual inaccuracies."<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservapedia</ref> In fact, such criticisms are rare or non-existent, and Wikipedia's former cite to a ''[[New York Times]]'' article for support actually criticizes [[Wikipedia]] because it "does dwell on the ''idea'' that 'others' have 'criticized and mocked the Conservapedia website for factual inaccuracy.'"<ref>http://thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/03/08/conservapedia-the-word-says-it-all/ (emphasis added)</ref> Wikipedia persists in asserting that falsehood about Conservapedia.
#[[Wikipedia]] gives favored treatment to anyone who promotes the [[homosexual agenda]], and smears those who oppose it. For example, [[Robert Mapplethorpe]] glorified [[homosexuality]] in photographs before himself dying of [[AIDS]]. His own biographer identified him as a racist, providing quotes to prove it.<ref>http://www.frieze.com/issue/article/mapplethorpe_a_biography_patricia_morrisroe/</ref> Yet the [[Wikipedia]] entry about him conceals any reference to his racism.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mapplethorpe</ref> Meanwhile, [[Wikipedia]] smears the [[American Family Association]] and claims it is racist for reasons not supported by its citation.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Family_Association#Anti-Semitism (March 2005 issue reference)</ref>
#Given that one of Wikipedia's co-founders, [[Jimbo Wales]], is an [[atheism|atheist]], it is not particularly surprising that [[Wikipedia]] is particularly biased against prayer in school, as illustrated by its description of Coach [[Marcus Borden]]'s attempts merely to bow his head while his football players pray. [[Wikipedia]]'s biased description disparages community support of Borden by saying it is "regardless of federal law"; the entry says he returned to coaching as urged by the community "ostensibly" to assert a right to bow his head during prayer.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Brunswick_Public_Schools#Controversy</ref>
# [[Wikipedia]] has an entry on "Gun Politics in the United States" that falsely claims that "Gun politics as a political issue dates to the earliest days of the United States."<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gun_politics_in_the_United_States</ref> It shows a statue of a Revolutionary Minuteman carrying a rifle as "proof" of its claim! Wikipedia's entry is astoundingly biased, concealing how guns deter crime and refusing to cite [[John Lott]], the leading expert whose studies support guns.
#''[[Expelled: No Intelligence Allowed]]'' is listed under the category "Propaganda films", alongside other [[conservative]] documentary films.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Propaganda_films</ref> However, the lying, deceitful films of [[Michael Moore]] and other [[liberals]] are never described as "propaganda".
#Here's another example of why [[Wikipedia]] is declining: it locked its entry about [[Richard Dawkins]] to censor one of his quotes, despite being verified with a reference.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard_Dawkins&diff=next&oldid=162688862</ref> Perhaps the [[atheists]] on [[Wikipedia]] don't want people to learn what Dawkins really said! After criticism here, Wikipedia eventually unlocked the entry.
# The body of the [[Islamic terrorism]]<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_terrorism#.22Islamic.22_terrorism</ref> page opens with ''"Islamic terrorism" is itself a controversial phrase'' while the body of the Christian terrorism<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_terrorism#Racism.2C_Sexism.2C_.26_Terrorism</ref> page opened with ''Juergensmeyer wrote, "It is good to remember, however, that despite its central tenets of love and peace, Christianity - like most traditions - has always had a violent side."'' <ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_terrorism#Theological_justification_of_Christian_violence</ref>
# [[Wikipedia]] has an extensive entry on "[[Creation]] myth".<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creation_myth</ref> Describing [[Creationism]] as a "myth" is yet another attempt to disparage [[Christian]]s, and although the [[Evolution]] satisfies Wikipedia's definition of "myth", Wikipedia never describes it as a "myth".
# [[Wikipedia]]'s entry on [[Peter Singer]] downplayed his advocacy for infanticide and moral disdain for human life. Quotes such as "Simply killing an infant is never equivalent to killing a person" were ''removed'' as being "POV",<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peter_Singer&diff=200849646&oldid=199494933</ref> despite appearing in the like-minded ''[[New York Times]]''.<ref>Paul Zielbauer, [http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C04E2D91530F930A25753C1A96F958260 Princeton Bioethics Professor Debates Views on Disability and Euthanasia]. ''The New York Times'': Oct. 13, 1999</ref> A week after this criticism,<ref>http://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Examples_of_Bias_in_Wikipedia&diff=443352&oldid=443152</ref> an editor restored the former quote.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peter_Singer&diff=209935940&oldid=209392718</reF>
# Predictably, [[Wikipedia]] insists on a completely biased, one-sided, negative entry about the movie ''[[Expelled: No Intelligence Allowed]]'', and then locked the page to prevent balance from being included.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expelled:_No_Intelligence_Allowed</ref> In characteristic fashion, [[Wikipedia]] misrepresents the views of those it dislikes, and uses smears (like "conspiracy-theory," a favorite Wikipedia epithet) to [[demonize]] them. Also in [[Wikipedia]]-style, it quotes [[liberal]] newspaper opinions as though they are fact, but ignores, downplays or censors opposite published opinions (e.g., by [[National Review]]).
# [[Wikipedia]] changes the meaning of a key quote from an [[abortion]]-breast cancer article in the Lancet medical journal (Beral, ''et al.''), falsely stating that it "concluded that [[abortion]] does 'not increase a woman's risk of developing breast cancer.'"<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abortion-breast_cancer_hypothesis</ref> The Lancet article said no such thing about a woman's decision to have an abortion, which does increase the woman's risk of breast cancer. Rather, the Lancet article limited its assertion to a claim about the overall effect of a ''pregnancy'' that terminates early.<ref>http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15051280</ref>
# [[Wikipedia]] described the [[People for the American Way]], which is a [[liberal]] advocacy group,<ref>http://www.nationalreview.com/york/york200507060931.asp</ref> as a "progressive advocacy organization"<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People_For_the_American_Way</ref> and did not mention the term [[liberal]] in its lengthy description of it until well after this deficiency was first mentioned here.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=People_For_the_American_Way&diff=198768678&oldid=195716955</ref>
# On Feb. 19, 2008, an editor removed bias in the form of incorrect and misleading information<ref>The article incorrectly refers to the sticker as "creationist", and claims that "Claiming that evolution is "only a theory" ... is a common creationist tactic.", ignoring that the largest creationists groups specifically reject this tactic.[http://creationontheweb.com/content/view/2996/84/#just_theory]</ref> from the [[Wikipedia]] entry about evolution stickers in Cobb County, Georgia.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Selman_v._Cobb_County_School_District&diff=192393310&oldid=190591826</ref> The editor then predicted on [[Conservapedia]] that the [[liberal bias]] would inevitably be reinserted at Wikipedia, and it was: within 8 hours the liberal falsehoods and bias were reinserted by a Wikipedian.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Selman_v._Cobb_County_School_District&diff=next&oldid=192393310</ref>
# [[Wikipedia]] allows hundreds of thousands of obscure and offensive entries, such as unsuccessful punk rock groups and silly television shows.<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D'oh Such as the entry on D'oh]</ref> But within hours [[liberals]] on [[Wikipedia]] completely deleted an informative and well-referenced entry about [[Hollywood Values]], in order to censor examples of how the [[liberal]] ideology harms people. (This deletion occurred on Feb. 15, 2008; the deleting administrator considered the page to be "vandalism".<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ALog&type=&user=&page=Hollywood+values&year=&month=-1</ref> After the first deletion, another Wikipedia user re-created the "Hollywood values" article as a joke with just this sentence: "Aw, whine, why can't Andrew Schlafly's perspective be told here??? After all, he runs the Trusworthy Encyclopedia!!!</snark> Sorry, please don't block me."<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Huw_Powell&oldid=226552177#February_2008</ref>
# [[Wikipedia]] often smears [[conservatives]] with falsehoods, using references that do not support its claim. For example, [[Wikipedia]] falsely claims that "children" wrote most of the initial entries on [[Conservapedia]],<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservapedia</ref> but [[Wikipedia]]'s references for that claim do not even mention "children". The average age of contributors on [[Conservapedia]] is likely older than on [[Wikipedia]], so its smear is particularly hypocritical.
# [[Wikipedia]]'s entry on [[conservative]] [[Ron Paul]] smears him with unsubstantiated statements (newsletter "issues gave tactical advice to right-wing militia groups and advanced various conspiracy theories"<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ron_Paul&oldid=183792833</ref>), misleading attributions of statements (Paul renounced the statements in 2001), and an overall political hatchet job ... and then locks the page to prevent correction!<ref>The page was locked from January 8 to August 6, 2008. [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ALog&type=protect&user=&page=Ron+Paul&year=&month=-1]</ref>
# [[Wikipedia]]'s entry on [[Benazir Bhutto]] has nearly 8,000 words on all aspects of her life, and yet not one word acknowledging that she was [[pro-life]] and led the movement against the [[United Nations]]' creating a new international right to [[abortion]].<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benazir_Bhutto</ref>
# Type in "[[conservative]]" on [[Wikipedia]] and you will be redirected to over 4500 words of confusion without any mention of [[marriage]], gun rights or personal accountability. [[Wikipedia]] even claims that [[conservatives]] opposed to [[abortion]] are described as "anti-baby" or "anti-family". [[Wikipedia]] removed this bias only after it was identified here.<ref>That statement remained on the article from [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Conservatism&diff=173316636&oldid=173314241 November 23] to [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Conservatism&diff=next&oldid=179870132 December 26, 2007]</ref>
# The [[Wikipedia]] entry on [[conservative]] [[Rick Scarborough]] falsely claimed that he said that [[HPV]], a sexually transmitted disease, is [[God]]'s punishment for sexually active young women. [[Wikipedia]] admits it has no support for this claim, yet has allowed the statement to remain in his entry for most of 2007.
# [[Wikipedia]] entries contain [[liberal]] claims followed by citations that do not actually support the claims. For example, [[Wikipedia]]'s entry on [[Michael Farris]] states that it "was speculated that Farris' close connection to [[conservative]] leaders ... alienated some voters" in his campaign for lieutenant governor,<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Farris</ref> but its citation for that [[liberal]] claim actually attributes his loss to his opponent's [[television]] ads that (falsely) claimed Farris wanted "to ban children's books such as 'The Wizard of Oz', 'Rumpelstiltskin,' and 'Cinderella'."<ref>http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2519/is_n1_v15/ai_14891141</ref>
# In a typical example of [[placement bias]] on [[Wikipedia]], it claims in its first sentence that [[Matthew Shepard]] was murdered "because of his [[homosexuality]]."<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_Shepard</ref> Only near the end of the entry does [[Wikipedia]] quote a 20/20 report and knowledgeable sources which provide persuasive evidence that the crime was caused by drugs, not hatred towards [[homosexuality]].
# [[Wikipedia]]'s pervasive anonymous editing vandalizes numerous [[conservative]] entries, such as that of [[pro-life]] scholar [[Mary Ann Glendon]].<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Ann_Glendon</ref> For nearly two weeks her entry on [[Wikipedia]] has featured the disrespectful and unsupported statement that "She is a notable pro-life feminist, and ''a fan of the Dropkick Murphys," which is a punk rock group''. [[Liberal]] editors monitor anonymous editing, but often allow attempts to embarrass [[conservatives]] to remain for a long time.
# [[Wikipedia]] allows countless entries flattering obscure [[liberals]], but lacks many entries about leading [[conservatives]]. For example, the [[Wikipedia]] entry on pro-life leader [[Judie Brown]] was previously nothing but a redirect<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Judie_Brown&redirect=no</ref> to an entry about an organization which barely mentions her.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Life_League</ref> A proper page for her has since been added<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judie_Brown</ref>.
# As far as [[Richard Dawkins]] title of professor while at [[Oxford]], [[Wikipedia]] fails to mention Rabbi Shmuley Boteach's contention that the special terms of the endowment for the position might have allowed Dawkins to bypass the peer review promotion process customarily required before receiving the title of "professor".<ref>http://www.huffingtonpost.com/rabbi-shmuley-boteach/rabbi-shmuley-responds-to_b_100275.html</ref> Rabbi Boteach stated a decree by Oxford seems to imply this.<ref>http://www.huffingtonpost.com/rabbi-shmuley-boteach/rabbi-shmuley-responds-to_b_100275.html</ref>
# [[Wikipedia]]'s entry on [[Richard Sternberg]] has falsely stated that a journal "withdrew" a peer-reviewed [[intelligent design]] paper that he reviewed.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Sternberg</ref> In fact, the journal never withdrew the paper.
# [[Wikipedia]] has a strong bias against the [[Discovery Institute]], a prominent proponent of [[intelligent design]]. Wikipedia articles about the Institute's campaigns (Physicians and Surgeons who Dissent from Darwinism<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physicians_and_Surgeons_who_Dissent_from_Darwinism</ref> and A Scientific Dissent From Darwinism<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Scientific_Dissent_From_Darwinism</ref>) devote most space to the criticism of the campaigns, instead of describing the campaigns themselves.
# [[Wikipedia]] displays a similar bias against the [[Institute for Creation Research]] and its affiliated graduate school--or else displays an appalling lack of critical thinking for a publication that calls itself an encyclopedia. Their reportage on the controversies surrounding the accreditation of the [[ICR Graduate School]], first in [[California]] and now in [[Texas]], relies almost totally on the rants and raves by the group calling itself Texas Citizens for Science and fails utterly to consider or even to mention several key facts about those controversies.<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_for_Creation_Research Institute for Creation Research] by [[Wikipedia]]</ref><ref name="tes>Schafersman," Steven. "[http://www.texscience.org/reviews/icr-thecb-certification.htm The Institute for Creation Research and It's (''sic'') Quest for Official Texas Certification to Award Masters Degrees in Science Education]." ''Texas Citizens for Science'', December 17, 2007; updated January 6 and January 28, 2008. Accessed March 19, 2008.</ref><ref name="rae>Bergman," Jerry. "[http://www.rae.org/ICRcase.html The Religion of Vague: An Unsuccessful Attempt by the State of California to Close a College]." ''Revolution Against Evolution'', May 22, 2003. Accessed March 19, 2008.</ref>
# [[Wikipedia]]'s entry on the [[Prodigal Son]] devotes more words to obscure rock band and [[liberal media]] references to it (e.g., "'The Prodigal Son' is the Season 2 opener of the TV series Miami Vice, although it has virtually nothing to do with the parable itself.") than to the parable and its spiritual meaning.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parable_of_the_Prodigal_Son</ref>
# [[Wikipedia]]'s [[gossip]] and policy allowing edits by anonymous IP addresses struck again: for over two weeks the entry on former [[U.S. Supreme Court]] Justice [[Byron White]] stated he was the father of former Cowboy great Danny White.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Byron_White&diff=159734800&oldid=154431838</ref> The statement was utterly false, but misled everyone who read that.<ref>http://www.funtrivia.com/en/subtopics/Are-They-Related-213708.html</ref>
# [[Wikipedia]] displays pervasive bias in making [[liberal]] statements with citations that do not support the statements, as illustrated by its entry about [[Conservapedia]].<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservapedia</ref> [[Wikipedia]] states that "Conservapedia has asserted that Wikipedia is 'six times more [[liberal]] than the American public', a statistic which has been criticized for its poor extrapolation and lack of credibility." But the two citations for this claim of "poor extrapolation and lack of credibility" are to articles that say nothing about extrapolation or credibility and instead tend to confirm the [[liberal bias]] on [[Wikipedia]].
# A user named [[Richard Dawkins]] apparently edited his own article on [[Wikipedia]],<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/RichardDawkins</ref> and even linked to a DVD being sold from his personal website. Illustrating [[Wikipedia]]'s favoritism towards [[liberals]], it took a long time (well over a year after he first edited his own article)<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:RichardDawkins</ref> for anybody to confront this well-known [[atheist]] for this conflict of interest, despite being against [[Wikipedia]]'s own rules.
# Arbitration Committee member Fred Bauder told the Wikien-1 mailing list in regards to [[Michael Moore]], whose official website published attacks on a [[Wikipedia]] editor with an open invitation to vandalize [[Wikipedia]] [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Requests_for_arbitration/Attack_sites/Evidence# Michael_Moore] and was proposed to be designated as an Attack site, "Obviously we need to make an exception for prominent people whose viewpoint we support. And by the way, I am not joking. Writing this down in black and white is important, if that is what we do in practice. And, if it not clear, I support him too, although I am not enamored of anyone's [[propaganda]]. Even that which supports my own position." [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikien-l/2007-October/082987.html] When asked, "How, then, is this remotely compatible with NPOV?", Bauder responded, "Not at all." [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikien-l/2007-October/082993.html] [[Wikipedia]]'s Neutral Point of View (NPOV), laid down by founder [[Jimbo Wales]] allegedly is "absolute and non-negotiable."[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view][http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view# _note-0] The editor Michaelmoore.com was urging its viewers to attack and harass is described as "a Fellow at the [[American Enterprise Institute]], a [[conservative]] [[think tank]]."[http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikien-l/2007-October/083230.html]
# [[Wikipedia]] heavily promotes [[liberals]] in inappropriate places. Go to Wikipedia's entry on ''[[Boy Scouts v. Dale]]'', a [[conservative]] [[Supreme Court]] decision, and for months you'd see a top-screen promotion for "gay/lesbian rights advocate" Evan Wolfson with a claim that he is "one of the '100 most influential people in the world.'"<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boy_Scouts_of_America_v._Dale&oldid=152256885 (quoting a 2004 [[liberal]] list by Time magazine).</ref> [[Wikipedia]] eventually removed that [[liberal]] promotion, but kept its inappropriate emphasis on this attorney who, by the way, lost this case.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boy_Scouts_of_America_v._Dale</ref>
# [[Wikipedia]] has once again deleted all content on the [[North American Union]] [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=North_american_union&redirect=no]. The old pages are inaccessible, and re-creation is blocked.
# For a long time [[Wikipedia]] led with a falsehood in describing [[Conservapedia]]: "Conservapedia is a wiki based web encyclopedia project with '''the stated purpose''' of creating an encyclopedia written from a socially and economically conservative viewpoint supportive of Conservative Christianity and '''Young Earth creationism'''."<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Conservapedia&oldid=160604712 (emphasis added).</ref> That was defamatory in attempting to smear [[Conservapedia]] in front of [[Wikipedia]]'s [[evolutionist]] audience. [[Wikipedia]] also welcomes edits by anonymous IP addresses to the [[Conservapedia]] and other entries, resulting in frequent defamation.
# [[Wikipedia]] has a lengthy entry on "Jesus H. Christ,"<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus_H._Christ</ref> a term that is an idiotic mockery of the [[Christian]] [[faith]]. [[Wikipedia]] calls the term "often humorous," "joking" and "comedic", and relishes in repeating disrespectful uses of the term, without admitting that the phrase is an anti-[[Christian]] mockery. Meanwhile, [[Wikipedia]] does not describe mockery of any other religion as "humorous".
# The [[Wikipedia]] article on [[Eritrea]] refuses to concede that [[Eritrea]] is a one-party state.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eritrea</ref> Another example of [[Wikipedia]] [[liberal bias]]: "Oh, they aren't really a dictatorship, their charter specifically denies it!"
# [[Wikipedia]] often inserts bias by downplaying a [[liberal]] outrage or fallacy amid thousands of words of nearly irrelevant information. For example, no one credibly disputes that [[liberals]] forced [[Larry Summers]] to resign as president of [[Harvard]] because he dared to suggest that the under-representation of women in math, science and engineering may be due to innate differences between women and men.<ref>http://www.davisenterprise.com/articles/2007/09/14/news/114new1.txt</ref><ref> http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A19181-2005Jan18.html</ref> But the verbose entry for Larry Summers on [[Wikipedia]] implies that his obscure other positions were more important in causing his ouster.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry_Summers</ref>
# [[Wikipedia]] welcomes and allows edits by anonymous IP addresses, which results in rampant vandalism that is overwhelmingly [[liberal]]. Credible wikis, including [[Conservapedia]], do not permit editing by anonymous IP addresses.
# For nearly two months, from at least as early as July 15 through September 9, 2007, [[Wikipedia]] classified its critics, including [[Conservapedia]], as "Fanatics and Special Interests."<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Criticism_of_Wikipedia&oldid=144741567# Fanatics_and_special_interests</ref>
# [[Wikipedia]] has two million entries, but not one for [[liberal]]. Users who go to that term are ''redirected'' to the Wikipedia entry on [[liberalism]] that conceals the [[liberal]] support of [[gun control]] and taxpayer funding of [[abortion]], and [[liberal]] censorship of [[prayer]] in [[public school]].<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Liberal&redirect=no</ref>
# [[Wikipedia]], its own entries (including talk pages) filled with smears and [[deceit]], features an entry on "deceit (album)" that gushes with a description of it as "austere, brilliant and indescribable" music that is "post-punk".<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deceit_(album)</ref> The word "deceit" has no entry on [[Wikipedia]]. It was ''redirected'' to a different term having a different meaning, and then this redirect was changed 7 times in two days in response to this criticism here.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Deceit&action=history</ref> Even now it lacks a clear definition and the numerous examples provided in the entry on [[deceit]] here.
# [[Wikipedia]] promotes suicide with 21,544 entries that mention this depravity, including many entries that feature it (Conservapedia will not provide citations to the more depraved entries on this subject at Wikipedia as Conservapedia affirms the [[Sanctity of Life|sanctity of life]]). For example, Wikipedia referred to it needlessly in the very first sentence of distinguished jurist Henry Friendly's entry,<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Henry_Friendly&oldid=151873451</ref> and Wikipedia's entry about [[Zerah Colburn]] ended with a claim that his distant ''nephew'' committed suicide.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zerah_Colburn_(math_prodigy)&oldid=147253074</ref> After this criticism appeared here, these two entries were fixed (and in the case of Friendly, reinstated before being fixed again); there has been no system-wide removal of this bias on [[Wikipedia]]. In yet another example, [[Wikipedia]] has an entry for "suicide by cop"<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suicide_by_cop</ref> to discuss attacking a police officer to provoke a suicide.
# [[Wikipedia]] uses guilt-by-association far worse than [[Joseph McCarthy]] ever did. [[Wikipedia]] smears numerous persons and organizations by giving the false impression that they are associated with the [[John Birch Society]] (JBS). Examples have included:
#* pro-life Congressman [[Jerry Costello]], merely because JBS gave him a favorable rating<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jerry_Costello&oldid=142488803</ref>
#* anti-communist Fred Schwarz, merely because JBS agreed with him<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fred_Schwarz&oldid=143791808</ref>
#* the conservative [[Association of American Physicians and Surgeons]], by repeating a '''40 year old''' newspaper claim that some of its leaders once belonged to the JBS<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_American_Physicians_and_Surgeons</ref>
#* conservative baseball pitcher Dave Dravecky, a cancer survivor, merely because a newspaper claimed he once belonged to JBS<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dave_Dravecky&oldid=155924640</ref>
# In response to this criticism, Wikipedia removed ... only the smears against the more [[liberal]] targets, such as the ''[[Democrat]]'' [[Jerry Costello]], or the less influential entries, such as the deceased Fred Schwarz. Additionally, as of August 5, 2008, the Dravecky article no longer mentions anything about JBS.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dave_Dravecky&oldid=225907517</ref> Wikipedia left intact the smear against the AAPS. After removal of the smear against Costello, it was then reinserted before being removed again.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jerry_Costello&diff=156607328&oldid=156100194</ref>
# [[Wikipedia]]'s last sentence on [[Human Life International]] claimed that a killer "confessed that pamphets (sic) from the group led" him to kill. This is a complete lie designed to smear a [[conservative]] group. But this was approved by [[Wikipedia]] and remained for over a month.<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Human_Life_International&oldid=138698827] Only in response to Conservapedia's criticism was the smear removed.</ref>
# A devastating critique of [[Wikipedia]] by [[Fox News]] describes the impact of [[Wikipedia]] smears on popular golfer Fuzzy Zoeller.<ref>In addition to the [[Fox News]] report, numerous stories on the Internet describe the smears, which we will not repeat here. "The Wikipedia entry has since been cleansed of the remarks, first posted last August, then again in December before being removed January 2nd. However, several sites like Answers.com have copies of Wikipedia entries, and as of press time still had the defamatory content in place."[http://www.webpronews.com/topnews/2007/02/22/fuzzy-zoeller-incensed-over-wikipedia-edit]</ref>
# Smears in [[Wikipedia]]'s entry on [[United States of America|U.S.]] Congressman Steve LaTourette were totally false.<ref>http://www.cleveland.com/news/plaindealer/index.ssf?/base/news/1184402220217510.xml&coll=2</ref>
# "[[Larry Sanger]], who founded [[Wikipedia]] in 2001 with [[Jimmy Wales]] only to leave shortly afterwards, said that even as far back as 2001 the [[Wikipedia]] community 'had no respect for experts.'"<ref>http://www.siliconrepublic.com/news/news.nv?storyid=single8794</ref>
# Wikpedia's entry on [[liberal]] former Vice President [[Al Gore]] contains no mention of the drug charges against his son.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Gore</ref> But Wikipedia's entry on [[conservative]] Vice President [[Dick Cheney]] prominently mentions his adult daughter's sexuality.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick_Cheney</ref>
# Wikipedia's entry for seven weeks about [[Thad Cochran]],<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thad_Cochran&oldid=135420256 (revised only after being exposed on Conservapedia, but then the smear was reinserted again before being removed again)</ref> a conservative Republican member of the [[U.S. Senate]], smeared him with an offensive, unsupported quotation not of Cochran, but of a Democratic Mississippi governor for whom Cochran's mother campaigned when Cochran was age 14. The unsupported quote was never spoken or endorsed by Cochran, but Wikipedia featured it near the top of Cochran's entry to mislead the reader into thinking Cochran is somehow a racist.
# Wikipedia smears prominent [[Conservative Christianity|Christian conservatives]], including [[James Dobson]] and [[D. James Kennedy]], with an allegation that they are part of a grand scheme Wikipedia calls "Dominionism".<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominionism</ref> The term was made up by [[liberals]] and this conspiracy theory has no factual basis, but Wikipedia smears these [[conservatives]] with elaborate templates in their own entries depicting them as part of this fictional scheme.<ref>See, e.g., [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D._James_Kennedy D. James Kennedy]</ref> This edit [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eagle_Forum&curid=3647552&diff=165330150&oldid=165044484] calls Eagle Forum dominionist, even though there is not even any source that says so. The Eagle Forum article now has a "criticism" section that alleges various associations with theocracy and dominionism citing various left-wing opinion web sites, but none of those sites even says that Eagle Forum supports theocracy or dominionism. One editor was blocked just for trying to fix it.
# Wikipedia's entry about the anti-[[Christian]] and anti-[[Semitic]] [[H.L. Mencken]] praises him profusely because he, Wikipedia's words, "notably assaulted America's preoccupation with [[Christian fundamentalism|fundamentalist]] [[Christianity]]."<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mencken</ref> After 3,500 words of adulation, Wikipedia then buries a concession that Mencken "has been referred to as anti-Semitic and misogynistic."<ref>''Ibid.''</ref> Wikipedians like Mencken's hostility to religion too much to admit that his biographer (Terry Teachout) and his close Jewish friend (Charles Angoff) described him as racist and anti-Semitic.<ref>http://cjrarchives.org/issues/2003/1/mencken-payne.asp</ref>
# Wikipedia's entries about the 2007 Masters<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_Masters_Tournament</ref> and its champion [[Zach Johnson]],<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zach_Johnson&oldid=154500732</ref> who won an upset come-from-behind victory against Tiger Woods, omitted any reference to Johnson's public statements crediting his [[faith]] in [[Jesus Christ]] for strengthening him as he overcame enormous odds to prevail. Months later, after criticism here, Johnson's attibution to [[Jesus Christ]] was included, but with the [[Wikipedia]] trick of placing it late in a wordy entry so that few are likely to see it, and even then with a silly "citation needed" to suggest that the quote may not be true.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zach_Johnson</ref>
# Wikipedia asserts that "One 1987 estimate found that more than 99.84% of almost 500,000 US scientists in the earth and life sciences supported evolution over creation science."<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Level_of_support_for_evolution</ref> This statement is false, but Wikipedians won't correct it and it has been repeated thousands of times by other [[liberals]] in reliance on Wikipedia.<ref>http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070519145312AACvfJA&show=7</ref> The truth is that 700 scientists signed a statement rejecting evolution, but evolutionists then made the illogical claim that a large majority of other scientists must support evolution.<ref>"By one count there are some 700 scientists (out of a total of 480,000 U.S. earth and life scientists) who give credence to creation-science, the general theory that complex life forms did not evolve but appeared 'abruptly'." Martz, Larry & Ann McDaniel (1987-06-29), "Keeping God out of the Classroom (Washington and bureau reports)", Newsweek CIX(26): 23-24, ISSN 0028-9604</ref> Under that reasoning, if 1000 persons signed a statement opposing President [[George W. Bush]], then nearly 300 million Americans must support him! Funny how Wikipedia does not claim that.
# The 5,400-word Wikipedia entry on The John Birch Society<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_John_Birch_Society</ref> attempts to smear unrelated [[conservatives]] who had nothing to do with the society, simply by calling them "allies". Under that reasoning [[Ronald Reagan]], [[Pope John Paul II]], and [[George W. Bush]] should also be in that entry! And this is by a resource that criticizes [[McCarthyism]]???<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCarthyism</ref>
# Wikipedia has a substantial anti-intellectual element, as reflected by silly administrator names and nonsensical entries. For a long time Wikipedia had an entry for "duh": "Duh is an American English slang exclamation that is used to express disdain for someone missing the obviousness of something. For example, if one read a headline saying 'Scientific study proves pain really does hurt' or 'New reports show death is bad for one's health', the response might be 'Well, duh!'"<ref>Wikipedia ultimately deleted its entry after it was critized here</ref> How about a new slogan: ''Wikipedia: well, duh!''
# Wikipedia recently moved further away from Judaeo-Christian beliefs by complaining that "[t]he average Wikipedian ... is from a predominantly Christian country" and that Wikipedia was built on Christian encyclopedias and "the Jewish Encyclopedia."<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Countering_systemic_bias (later "predominantly Christian" was changed to "nominally Christian")</ref> At the same time, Wikipedia complains about the "enormous significance" given by entries to "Al-Qaeda attacks on the U.S., UK and Spain, killing slightly over 3,000 people."<ref>''Ibid.''</ref>
# Wikipedia has a banner to criticize an American treatment of a topic: "The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view of the subject."<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campaign_finance</ref> "A worldwide view" is fictional [[liberal]] terminology for [[globalists]].
# Though Wikipedia is non-profit, the Wikia project of its co-founder is very much for-profit and has raised millions of dollars in investments. Already Wikipedia has been criticized for favoring Wikia. When Wikipedia community voted 61-39% percent to treat all links to other sites equally by removing nofollow (Google-ignored) tags for all of them, the Wikipedia co-founder overruled this decision and Wikipedia now favors Wikia in its treatment of nofollow tags.<ref>http://www.techcrunch.com/2007/04/28/wikipedia-special-treatment-for-wikia-and-other-wikis/</ref>
# Wikipedia is sympathetic to Fidel Castro in its entry about Cuba.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba</ref> Wikipedia blames President Dwight Eisenhower for choosing "to attend a golf tournament" rather than meet the revolutionary Castro in 1959, and then Wikipedia claims that Castro became a communist because of the American-backed Bay of Pigs invasion in 1961. Conservapedia tells the truth up-front: "Cuba has been ruled by a communist dictator named Fidel Castro since 1959."<ref>[[Cuba]]</ref>
# Often Wikipedia's biased assertions are unsupported by its citations. For example, the Wikipedia entry about Conservapedia states that it "has come under significant criticism for alleged factual inaccuracies."<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservapedia</ref> But check out Wikipedia's cited source for that statement: its citation does not identify a single factual inaccuracy on Conservapedia.<ref>http://chronicle.com/wiredcampus/index.php?id=1910</ref> Thus Wikipedia relies on a factual inaccuracy to accuse someone else of factual inaccuracies! After this criticism was posted here, Wikipedia removed the said citation but replaced it with a few other biased citations.
# [[Liberal]] icon [[Bertrand Russell]] receives glowing adoration on Wikipedia, which calls him "a prophet of the creative and rational life," "one of the world's best-known intellectuals" whose "voice carried great moral authority, even into his mid 90s."<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_Russell</ref> After 7,700 words about [[Bertrand Russell]], [[Wikipedia]] finally mentions Russell's support of the communist revolution, but pretends that Russell quickly opposed it. Instead, Russell wrote that "I believe that [[Communism]] is necessary to the world, and I believe ... Bolshevism deserves the gratitude and admiration of all the progressive part of mankind."<ref>[[Bertrand Russell]]</ref>
# [[Conservapedia]] allows greater and easier copying of its materials than [[Wikipedia]] does, but Wikipedia's entry about [[Conservapedia]] claims that its policy "has led to some concerns."<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservapedia</ref> And who supposedly had these concerns? In Wikipedia's citation, it was only the founder of Wikipedia in trying to find a way to criticize Conservapedia!<ref>http://www.thestar.com/sciencetech/article/190501</ref>
# April 24th was the anniversary of [[Operation Eagle Claw]], which was President [[Jimmy Carter]]'s failed attempt to rescue American hostages in Iran. The Conservapedia [[Operation Eagle Claw|entry]] explains Carter's political motivation for this. But the Wikipedia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Eagle_Claw entry] omits Carter's political motivation and instead implies that this bad luck cost Carter the election.<ref>Wikipedia states, "The operation was a failure, and had a severe impact on U.S. President Jimmy Carter's re-election prospects ...."[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Eagle_Claw entry]</ref> In fact, Newsweek did not even mention this after July 14th, and Reagan beat Carter for reasons other than bad luck.
# Wikipedia's entry on James Monroe<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Monroe</ref> omits any mention of how he was a conservative and omits Monroe's veto of a key appropriation on the Cumberland Road Bill, when Monroe stated that "congress does not possess the power under the constitution to pass such a law."<ref>[[James Monroe]]</ref> After this criticism was posted here, an editor at Wikipedia added Monroe's Cumberland Road Bill opposition to the article,<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_Monroe&oldid=226448821#Presidency_1817.E2.80.931825:_The_Era_of_Good_Feelings</ref> but the article still has yet to mention that Monroe was politically conservative.
# Polls show that about twice as many Americans identify themselves as "conservative" compared with "liberal", and that ratio has been increasing for two decades.<ref>http://www.harrisinteractive.com/harris_poll/index.asp?PID=444</ref> But on Wikipedia, about three times as many editors identify themselves as "liberal" compared with "conservative".<ref>Based on a comparison of how many users are under categories [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Liberal_Wikipedians Liberal Wikipedians] with those in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Conservative_Wikipedians Conservative Wikipedians]. Both categories were [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:User_categories_for_discussion/Archive/August_2007#Category:All_Wikipedian_by_political_ideology_categories deleted] on Aug. 10, 2007 as editors have argued that "[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:SOAP Wikipedia is not a soapbox]" among other reasons. However, the userboxes for users to declare themselves as "liberal" or "[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Rcej/conservative conservative]" have been allowed to stay. Wikipedia's own records show, as of July 28, 2008, that far more users choose the "[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3AWhatLinksHere&target=User%3AUBX%2Fliberal&namespace= liberal]" userbox than the "[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/User:Rcej/conservative conservative]" userbox.</ref> That suggests '''Wikipedia is six times more [[liberal]] than the American public'''.<ref>"Liberal bias" can be defined as the ratio of [[liberals]] to conservatives in a group, such that no [[liberals]] would equate to zero [[liberal bias]]. Wikipedia's ratio of 3:1 for liberals to conservatives is six times the ratio in the American public of 1:2 for [[liberals]] to conservatives.</ref> See also [[liberal quotient]].
# Wikipedia awarded "good article" status<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles</ref> to a biased description of [[liberal]] Balboa High School, saying it has "a progressively nurturing environment" undergoing "a steady renaissance marked by academic innovation."<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balboa_High_School_(San_Francisco)</ref> Nowhere in Wikipedia's 4,468-word description does it admit that half the 9th graders lacked proficiency on a statewide English test.<ref>Jill Tucker, "[http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2006/08/16/MNGE2KJB5K1.DTL Student Successes Defy Urban Trends]" San Francisco Chronicle (Aug. 16, 2006).</ref> Instead, Wikipedia editors apparently like how this public school converted its metal shop into a sex-based "health" clinic.
# One can confirm that sex-related entries are attracting many to Wikipedia, including young viewers, by viewing [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Statistics Wikipedia statistics]. But Wikipedia gives no specific warning to parents or viewers about the pornographic images on popular pages, and Wikipedia would probably be disabled in many homes and schools if a proper warning were given.<ref>Wikipedia merely has a general disclaimer that avoids any reference to its sexual images, pornography, and adult content.[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Content_disclaimer]</ref>
# Wikipedia's entry on the "Palestinian People" omits any mention of terrorism.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_people (the entry also contained an unjustified picture of children for sympathy purposes, but that was removed after criticism here)</ref> Click on the PLO and you'll find no discussion of its connection to the massacre of innocent athletes at the 1972 Olympics in Munich.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestine_Liberation_Organization</ref>
# Wikipedia features an entry on "anti-racist mathematics" that "emphasizes the sociocultural context of mathematics education and suggests that the study of mathematics (as it is traditionally known in western societies) does exhibit racial or cultural bias."<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-racist_mathematics</ref>
# In the mid-20th century, a Soviet encyclopedia contained the assertion that Jesus was a myth.<ref>http://www.bede.org.uk/books,jmyth.htm</ref> Wikipedia's entry on [[Jesus]] has the following: "A small number of scholars and authors question the historical existence of Jesus, with some arguing for a completely mythological Jesus."<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus</ref> But no credible historian makes such a claim.
# Wikipedia's entry for the [[Renaissance]] denies any credit to Christianity, its primary inspiration.<ref>Wikipedia has since updated its entry with a backhanded reference to Christianity, but even then not for inspiring the Renaissance but rather for providing subject matter for the works.[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Renaissance&oldid=138439803]</ref>
# About 60% of Americans accept the account of the Great Flood in the [[Bible]].<ref>http://www.washtimes.com/national/20040216-113955-2061r.htm</ref> But enter "Great Flood" into Wikipedia and it automatically converts that to an entry entitled "Deluge (mythology)." That entry then uses "myth" or "mythology" nearly 70 times in its description.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Flood</ref> Its entry on "Noah's Ark" is just as biased.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noah's_Ark</ref>
# Wikipedia editors who are agnostic or atheistic outnumber Christian editors 2:1.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Wikipedians_by_religion</ref> This make them nearly 8 times as atheistic as America (in a Newsweek poll in 2006, 92% of Americans said they believed in God and only 8% said they did not believe in God or didn't know). Also, a Wikimedia page surveying the religions of Wikipedia editors, showed a greater number of atheists using pages to ridicule Christianity.<ref>http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikimedians_by_religion</ref>
# Wikipedia's entry on [[abortion]] reads like a brochure for the abortion industry. Wikipedia denies and omits the results of 16 out of 17 statistically significant studies showing increased risk of breast cancer from abortion.<ref>http://www.jpands.org/vol8no2/malec.pdf</ref> Wikipedia's entry also omits the evidence of abortion causing increased premature birth of subsequent children.<ref>http://www.jpands.org/vol8no2/rooney.pdf</ref> Instead of providing these facts, Wikipedia blames women by declaring that "breast cancer elicits disproportionate fear in women"!<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abortion-breast_cancer_hypothesis</ref>
# The Wikipedia entry for the [[Voting Rights Act]] contained (as of March 9-10) a call to participate in a political march to establish congressional representation for D.C.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Voting_Rights_Act</ref> This is a longtime [[liberal]] cause prohibited by the [[U.S. Constitution]]. A conservative entry like that would be deleted by Wikipedia editors within minutes, but that entry remained until after it was criticized here.
# Initially, in December 2006, a Wikipedia administrator named "Nearly Headless Nick" (the signature nickname for Wikipedia user "Sir Nicholas de Mimsy-Porpington"<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Sir_Nicholas_de_Mimsy-Porpington</ref>) deleted an entry about Conservapedia, following a discussion on the "Articles for deletion" section in which a horde of Wikipedia editors demanded and obtained deletion, claiming that the site failed a "[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability_(web) notability guideline for websites]".<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Conservapedia</ref> Later, in response to publicity, Wikipedia posted a new entry about Conservapedia. Wikipedia's entry is filled with obvious bias, numerous errors, out-of-date citations, and self-serving false statements.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservapedia</ref> For example, the Wikipedia entry made the absurd claim that Conservapedia says the "General Theory of Relativity" has "nothing to do with physics." Wikipedia's claim was completely false and unsupported by its citations. After this example was posted here, Wikipedia removed its error but has left other false and outdated claims in its entry, reflecting Wikipedia's pervasive bias.
# Wikipedia's entry for conservative physicist [[Edward Teller]] promotes the [[liberal]] attempt to blame him for the government taking away the security clearance of [[J. Robert Oppenheimer]]. Teller testified, "If it is a question of wisdom and judgment, as demonstrated by actions since 1945, then I would say one would be wiser not to grant clearance." Wikipedia first called this statement "damning", and after criticism here replaced its term with "problematic".<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Teller</ref> In light of how multiple spies leaked secrets under Oppenheimer's supervision in the [[Manhattan Project]] and spying even worsened afterwards, Wikipedia's spin on Teller's statement is unjustified bias.
# Wikipedia's entry for the [[Association of American Physicians and Surgeons]], a conservative group, features a rant against the group by a British journalist who was a former press officer for the leftist Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament.<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Association_of_American_Physicians_and_Surgeons&oldid=107830399 The version] criticized above; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Association_of_American_Physicians_and_Surgeons the note] left by dpbsmith on the article's discussion page; the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_American_Physicians_and_Surgeons current version].</ref> The only cited credential for the journalist is that he works for a television "programme-production company," and there is no citation for any of the factual claims in his intemperate and misleading description of the group, which were prompted by an independent criticism in England of the journalist's own work. After receiving a complaint about this, Wikipedia trimmed this rant but still kept most of it, reflecting Wikipedia's bias. Preserving this unpublished diatribe is against Wikipedia policy (e.g., NPOV), but it Wikipedia administrators insist on keeping it. Wikipedia's entry also features another [[liberal]] journalist's swipe at AAPS from ... 40 years ago!
# There is a strong anti-American and anti-capitalist bias on Wikipedia. In its description of the post-war [[Bell Trade Act]] of 1946, in which the United States gave the Philippines $800 million in exchange for some free trade provisions, Wikipedia omits any mention of the $800 million dollars and instead lambasts the "wrath of Father Capitalism."<ref>This phrase was removed from Wikipedia only after this criticism was posted here. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Trade_Act</ref> The agreement was approved by popular vote on the Philippines, but the Wikipedia article omits that fact also.
# Wikipedia distorts the youthful acceptance of [[deism]] by [[Benjamin Franklin]] by never acknowledging that he later abandoned it. Wikipedia fails to admit the significance of how Franklin, near the end of his life, proposed the saying of prayers at the [[Constitutional Convention]] for divine intervention and assistance in the proceedings,<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Deist_thinkers</ref> an act contrary to the teachings of deism. Wikipedia also omits any acknowledgment of Franklin's praise of ''[[Pilgrim's Progress]]'' in his autobiography.
# Wikipedia's entry on the intelligent design court decision in ''Dover''<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitzmiller_v._Dover_Area_School_District</ref> distorts and omits the key facts that (i) the judge awarded over $2 million in attorneys fees to the [[ACLU]]'s side (not $1 million), (ii) the judge copied over 90% of his opinion from the [[ACLU]]'s briefs,<ref>''Id.''</ref> and (iii) his opinion relied heavily on another decision that was subsequently reversed on appeal.<ref>''Id.''</ref>
# Gossip is pervasive on Wikipedia. Many entries read like the [[National Enquirer]]. For example, Wikipedia's entry, "Nina Totenberg", states, "She remarried in 2000 to Dr. H. David Reines, a trauma surgeon and vice chairman of surgery at Inova Fairfax Hospital. On their honeymoon, he treated her for severe injuries after she was hit by a boat propeller while swimming."<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nina_Totenberg&oldid=171577028 Nina Totenberg - Wikipedia]</ref> That sounds just like the National Enquirer, and reflects a bias towards gossip. Conservapedia avoids gossip and vulgarity, just as a true encyclopedia does.
# Edits to include facts against [[Evolution]] are almost immediately censored. On Conservapedia, contributions that meet simple [[The Conservapedia Commandments|rules]] are respected to the maximum extent possible.
# Wikipedia has as its official policy the following: "If we are going to characterize disputes neutrally, we should present competing views with a consistently fair and sensitive tone."<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view</ref> Yet what does Wikipedia do in relation to its article on [[Young Earth Creationism]]? It currently offers an article on the topic under the category "Pseudoscience".<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young_Earth_creationism Young Earth creationism - Wikipedia]</ref> What reputable encyclopedia uses such a non-encyclopedic tone for an article in regards to creationism? The log on the article shows that Wikipedia has a history of using the pejorative term "pseudoscience" to disparage young earth creationism.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Young_Earth_creationism&action=history</ref>
# Wikipedia removed and permanently blocked a page identifying its many biases. Wikipedia omits any meaningful reference to political bias in its 7000-word entry [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Wikipedia Criticism of Wikipedia].
# Wikipedia claims about 2.9 million articles, but what it does not say is that a large number of those articles have zero educational value. For example, Wikipedia has 1075 separate articles about "Moby" and "song".<ref>Simply search "Moby" and "song" together on Wikipedia.</ref> Many hundreds of thousands of Wikipedia articles -- perhaps over half its website -- are about music, Hollywood, and other topics beneath a regular encyclopedia. This reflects a bias towards popular gossip rather than helpful or enlightening information.
# Often key facts are missing from Wikipedia entries in favor of meaningless detail. Wikipedia's entry about [[Indentured Servitude]] is massive, but it omitted any reference to [[Bacon's Rebellion]], which was the turning point for the use of indentured servants in the New World! Finally, weeks after this glaring omission was noted here, Wikipedia added one line to its entry: "Indentured servants in Virginia supported Bacon's Rebellion in 1676."<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indentured_servant&diff=115675763&oldid=113879992</ref>
# Unlike most encyclopedias and news outlets, Wikipedia does not exert any centralized authority to take steps to reduce bias or provide balance; it has a "neutral point of view" policy but the policy is followed only to the extent that individual editors acting in social groups choose to follow it. For example, CNN would ensure that Crossfire had a representative of the political right and one from the political left. In contrast, Wikipedia policy allows bias to exist and worsen. For example, even though most Americans reject the theory of evolution,<ref>http://www.religioustolerance.org/ev_publi.htm</ref> Wikipedia editors commenting on the topic are nearly 100% pro-evolution.<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Evolution Talk:Evolution - Wikipedia]</ref> Self-selection has a tendency to exacerbate bias, as in mobs, where there are no restraints. [[Gresham's Law]] reflects the problem in economics of bad money driving out good in the absence of corrective action. As a result, Wikipedia is arguably more biased than CNN and other information sources.
#: The above paragraph was posted on the Wikipedia entry for "Wikipedia", under bias, but its editors then illustrated their bias by replacing the above with this: "Ojective [sic], or neutrally biased, articles present different opinions as equally legitimate regardless of validity, while unbiased articles focus on accuracy and validity. For example, the evolution article is not objective because it does not present creationism, a counter argument to evolution, as a valid scientific theory. However, this does not make the article biased because evolution is an accepted scientific theory. CNN's Crossfire, on the other hand, was considered objective ... because it had representatives from the political right from the political left."
# Wikipedia has many entries on mathematical concepts, but lacked any entry on the basic concept of an [[elementary proof]] until this omission was pointed out here.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elementary_proof</ref> Elementary proofs require a rigor lacking in many mathematical claims promoted on Wikipedia.
# The Wikipedia entry for the [[Piltdown Man]] omits many key facts, such as how it was taught in schools for an entire generation and how the dating methodology used by evolutionists is fraudulent.
# Wikipedia allows the use of B.C.E. instead of B.C. and C.E. instead of A.D. The dates are based on the birth of [[Jesus]], so why pretend otherwise? Conservapedia gives the credit due to Christianity and exposes the [[CE]] deception.
# Wikipedia's article on [[Feudalism]] is limited to feudalism in Europe and did not mention the feudal systems that developed independently in Japan and India until this defect was described here.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feudalism</ref>
# Wikipedia's article on the longest-serving and most powerful Maryland official in its history, [[William Donald Schaefer]], contains about 1900 words, but over two-thirds of those words (1400/1900) are devoted to silly gossip, outright vulgarity and National Enquirer-type material.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Donald_Schaefer</ref> 406 words, which is over 20% of the entire entry, is devoted to a silly dispute Schaefer had one day with the local newspaper!
# Wikipedia's article about the late Senator John Tower includes a mean-spirited story whose only point seems to be to indicate the degree of his ex-wife's bitterness toward him. The article previously spelled his wife's name incorrectly. The article was in that state since it was first inserted in May 2006<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Tower&oldid=101859325 John Tower], revision as of Jan 25</ref> and until it was corrected on January 26, 2007 <ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Tower&offset=20070208110937&limit=20&action=history</ref>. No real encyclopedia would print such silly gossip.
# Wikipedia's entry for the [[National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act]] (NCVIA) reads like an advertisement for vaccine manufacturers, including unsupported and implausible claims about vaccination.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Childhood_Vaccine_Injury_Act</ref> Unsupported claims featured there include "Vaccine makers indicated they would cease production if their proposal for the NCVIA was not enacted" and "concern that the NCVIA may not provide an adequate legal shield." Wikipedia's entry omits references to leading pro-parent websites concerning vaccination,<ref>http://www.909shot.com/</ref> and instead Wikipedia's entry lists pro-government and pro-vaccine-manufacturer websites. Wikipedia's entry even includes this entire paragraph, which is unsupported and is little more than an advertisement for drug companies:
#: Public health safety, according to backers of the legislation, depends upon the financial viability of pharmaceutical companies, whose ability to produce sufficient supplies in a timely manner could be imperiled by civil litigation on behalf of vaccine injury victims that was mounting rapidly at the time of its passage. Vaccination against infectious illnesses provides protection against contagious diseases and afflictions which may cause permanent disability or even death. Vaccines have reduced morbidity caused by infectious disease; e.g., in the case of smallpox, mass vaccination programs have eradicated a once life-threatening illness.
# Wikipedia displays an obsession with English social distinctions, such as obscure royalty, and with unexplained academic distinctions earned in the English college system, such as references to "double first degree." The entry on [[Henry Liddell]] illustrates this extreme form of Anglophilia that characterizes many entries in Wikipedia.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Liddell</ref> That entry fails to tell us when Liddell was dean of Christ Church, Oxford and has a grammatical error in its first sentence, yet describes in painstaking detail four obscure royal titles for Liddell's relatives and his "double first degree" in college. The casual reader of that entry wouldn't even notice a buried reference (well after a description of all the royal lineage) to Liddell's primary claim to fame: his daughter Alice inspired [[Alice's Adventures in Wonderland]]. The arcane English descriptions in many Wikipedia entries may be due to its copying, verbatim, passages from the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica. This copying was not disclosed in the debate in late 2005 about whether Wikipedia was as reliable a resource as the Encyclopedia Britannica.<ref>http://news.com.com/Study+Wikipedia+as+accurate+as+Britannica/2100-1038_3-5997332.html</ref>
# Robert McHenry, former Editor-in-Chief for the ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', wrote about Wikipedia's bias and included this observation:
#: "One simple fact that must be accepted as the basis for any intellectual work is that truth – whatever definition of that word you may subscribe to – is not democratically determined."<ref>http://www.opendemocracy.net/media-edemocracy/wikipedia_bias_3621.jsp</ref>
# Bob Schmidt observed on the ''Illinois Review'':<ref>http://illinoisreview.typepad.com/illinoisreview/2007/01/conservapedia_w.html</ref>
#: I just spent some time in Wikipedia checking if my recollections of its bias are correct. The bias is much worse than I had remembered.
#: I looked only at topics on business and information technology. Clearly there are enthusiasts for certain vendors who are spending a large portion of their time hyping technology in a way that makes their vendor look good in comparison to other vendors.
#: They will set up a set of criteria for the definition of a product that their product will meet. They conveniently omit from the criteria anything that would detract from their favorite.
#: In short, Wikipedia is not objective. It is accurate only within its selective use of facts that are convenient to promote a predetermined outcome.
#: Even for just one area of knowledge, it would take a major time consuming effort for a person or group to have an impact on reducing the bias and improving the accuracy of the entries.
# Jimmy Wales, founder of Wikipedia, admitted the following understated bias in an interview in 2006:<ref>http://www.pbs.org/mediashift/2006/04/email_debatewales_discusses_po.html</ref>
#: "I would say that the Wikipedia community is slightly more [[liberal]] than the U.S. population on average, because we are global and the international community of English speakers is slightly more [[liberal]] than the U.S. population. There are no data or surveys to back that." [Conservapedia editor: why not? Wales admitted that only about 615 editors are responsible for over 50% of the edits on Wikipedia.<ref>http://www.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2006/02/12/bias_sabotage_haunt_wikipedias_free_world/?page=2</ref> Why doesn't Wikipedia survey these editors? Is this deliberate indifference to bias?]
# Many people know how a prominent Tennessee journalist [[John Lawrence Seigenthaler]] was defamed for four months on Wikipedia before it was corrected. He described and criticized this in ''USA Today'', concluding with the following:<ref>http://www.usatoday.com/news/opinion/editorials/2005-11-29-wikipedia-edit_x.htm</ref>
#: When I was a child, my mother lectured me on the evils of "gossip." She held a feather pillow and said, "If I tear this open, the feathers will fly to the four winds, and I could never get them back in the pillow. That's how it is when you spread mean things about people."
# What most people don't know is how many Wikipedia editors savaged [[Seigenthaler]] ''afterwards'' on a Wikipedia talk page for publicly criticizing the falsehoods about him:<ref>http://www.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2006/02/12/bias_sabotage_haunt_wikipedias_free_world/?page=3</ref>
#: "Mr. [[Seigenthaler]]'s attitude and actions are reprehensible and ill-formed," said one typical comment. "[He] has the responsibility to learn about his own name and how it is being applied and used, as any celebrity does on the Internet and the world-at-large. Besides, if there is an error whether large or small, he can correct it on Wikipedia. Everyone fails to understand that logic." Another wrote: "Rather than fixing the article himself, he made a legal threat. He's causing Wikipedia a lot of trouble, on purpose."
# The co-founder of Wikipedia, Larry Sanger, described "serious and endemic problems" in Wikipedia in a document entitled "Toward a Compendium of Knowledge" (Sept. 2006). Sanger observed that Wikipedia editors do not enforce their own rules consistently or effectively and that it has become an "arguably dysfunctional community" unattractive to traditional experts. Sanger declared the Wikipedia community's response to the Seigenthaler incident to be "completely unacceptable."<ref>http://arstechnica.com/articles/culture/citizendium.ars</ref>
# Wikipedia's errors spill undetected into newspapers. A Wikipedia entry falsely stated that Rutgers was once invited to join the Ivy League. Although that false statement was eventually removed from Wikipedia, it was not removed before the ''Daily News'' relied on it in this story:
#: "You don't have to define your college with your football team, but Rutgers long ago decided to give it a try. Back in 1954, when it was considered a 'public Ivy,' Rutgers might have joined the fledgling Ivy League and altered its destiny. But the school declined the offer - arguably the dumbest mistake in its history. Ever since then, Rutgers has scrambled to prove itself worthy of playing football with the big boys." — Bondy, Filip. "They Can Finally Say They Belong Here", New York Daily News, 2006-11-10, p. 92. Retrieved on 2006-12-13.
# Wikipedia's entry for [[Johnny Appleseed]], a Christian folk hero, omits a discussion of his strong faith and instead features baseless speculation about his health, a year of death different from that of his obituary, and a silly story designed to make a Christian preacher look foolish.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Appleseed</ref>
# In a brief-lived example of pro-homosexuality bias, the category allowing users to self identify as Heterosexual was [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:User_categories_for_discussion/Archive/June_2007# Category:Heterosexual_Wikipedians deleted] because it served no useful purpose, yet the exact same category for Homosexuals was [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:User_categories_for_discussion/Archive/July_2007# Category:Gay_Wikipedians kept]. The latter was deleted after a month along with all other categories focused on the sexuality of Wikipedians. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:LGBT_Wikipedians Category:LGBT_Wikipedians] has revived itself after a delete but is still fighting to not be deleted.
# Wikipedia has refused to have an article on [[Sudden Jihad Syndrome]] despite a term discussed by multiple commentator including [[neoconservative]] academic [[Daniel Pipes]] and a column in the [[Washington Times]].<ref>http://www.nysun.com/article/29080</ref><ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&page=Sudden+Jihad+Syndrome</ref><ref>http://www.thecourier.com/opinion/editoral/ar_ED_021607.asp</ref><ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Sudden_Jihad_Syndrome</ref> <ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Sudden_jihad_syndrome</ref><ref>http://washingtontimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20080102/NATION/203823370/1001</ref> and even refused to let an editor work on a draft for a rewrite of the article.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Miscellany_for_deletion/User:CltFn/Sudden_Jihad_Syndrome</ref>
#Wikipedia's article on Hillary Clinton's presidential campaign makes no mention of her endorsement by the leadership of the terrorist group Hamas,<ref>http://www.worldnetdaily.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=58699</ref> but lists endorsements of Republican presidential candidates by the Ku Klux Klan.
#Wikipedia's entry for "Right to bear arms" mentions the discrepancies many have with the interpretation of the phrase. They begin by labeling the first section "Military service ''definition''" and go on to explain how the words "bear arms" had a different meaning a couple hundred years ago in European countries. After the 7 paragraph section that has little relation with the Second Amendment of the ''United States'', Wikipedia offers 2 paragraphs that talks about the "Insurrectionary ''Theory''". First thing, they call people that adhere to this concept "extremists" and attempt to prove why this viewpoint is false. The criticism was strangely missing from the military service section. So, in short, Wikipedia believes that the faultless, [[liberal]] "definition" is true and the sketchy, extremist, conservative "theory" is false.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right_to_bear_arms#Military_service_definition</ref><ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right_to_bear_arms#Insurrectionary_theory</ref>
#Wikipedia is sexist? Definitions of antonym words don't match up:
## '''Matriarchy''' is a term, which is applied to gynocentric form of society, in which the leading role is with the female and especially with the mothers of a community.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matriarchy</ref>
## '''Patriarchy''' describes a social structure where the actions and ideas of men and boys are dominant over those of women and girls.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patriarchy</ref>
#Wikipedia's article on [[Jeremiah Wright]] repeatedly has material referenced from the New York Post and the conservative news website, Newsmax, removed citing them as unreliable sources.
# Wikipedia's single article on American conservatism has only a vague definition in its one-sentence lead section.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States</ref> Wikipedia has two extensive articles on liberalism in the United States; they use a combined 800 words in their lead sections, which are comprised of quotes from liberal politicians and claims that the stances of today's liberals "may be viewed as the modern version of the classical liberalism upon which America was founded".<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States</ref><ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberalism_in_the_United_States</ref>
# For a period of time (January 4, 2008<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tobacco_and_health&oldid=182111544</ref> - April 5, 2008<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tobacco_and_health&diff=203433685&oldid=202851436</ref>), Wikipedia's page on Tobacco and health had a disclaimer in the pipe smoking section that stated three references (The American Cancer Society, Blue Cross Blue Shield, and the National Cancer Institute) might not be reliable resources and should be reviewed.
# Wikipedia's main article on Communism does not mention any act of genocide in Communist countries, and any attempts to edit the page to include this information are deleted. The Nazism page, however, includes multiple mentions of the Holocaust. The only mention of communist genocide is buried deep within the article structure for Communism.
# The Meta.Wikimedia.org site, that governs all modifications to databases maintained by the Wikimedia Foundation, recently denied an application to place Conservapedia on its Interwiki Map—this although Wikimedia maintains an interwiki link for [http://wiki.cotch.net/index.php/Main_Page EvoWiki]. In their discussions, the administration accepted some frankly puerile and self-serving contentions that Conservapedia was a POV-pushing site, and ignored the testimony of multiple witnesses that EvoWiki did the same thing.<ref><http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Interwiki_map&oldid=1032322> (permanent link)</ref>
# Wikipedia's most controversial pages are guarded by liberal elite. Thereby, accuracy is replaced with ideology. <ref>[http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2008/07/08/opinion/main4241293.shtml Wikipropaganda On Global Warming] National Review, July 8, 2008</ref> The first one-hundred and sixty-eight words on Wikipedia's [[Global Warming]] page contains multiple conjectures, major errors and bias. ''"increase in the average measured [[temperature]] ... since the <u>mid-twentieth century</u>"'' that same paragraph "''solar variation combined with volcanoes ... and a small cooling effect from <u>1950</u> onward."'' Which is it, warmer or cooler from 1950? "<u>''very likely due''</u>" "<u>''probably had''</u>" or "''the overwhelming majority of scientists working on climate change agree with the [[IPCC]]'s main conclusions''"- unsubstantiated bias.
# Wikipedia trivializes the book ''Inventing the AIDS Virus'' by making it a redirect. <ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inventing_the_AIDS_Virus</ref>
# Wikipedia's article on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westminster_Theological_Seminary Westminster Theological Seminary] demonstrates its anti-Christian bias when it states "with the vision of continuing the theological tradition of Princeton Theological Seminary '''in a militant and explicitly polemical manner''', from which the Westminster founders felt Princeton was departing."
# It's apparently okay to cast doubt on well-known evangelical Christian's claims of being former atheists, as was recently done repeatedly to Kirk Cameron's Wikipedia article<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kirk_Cameron&diff=262633707&oldid=262591086</ref><ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kirk_Cameron&diff=263109644&oldid=263063442</ref><ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kirk_Cameron&diff=263670595&oldid=263666117</ref>, but similar edits regarding claims made by famous atheists of being former Christians would never be tolerated (e.g. PZ Myers' Wikipedia article<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pz_myers</ref>).
# The unofficial evolutionist cabal continues to control any and all pages covering or related to evolution, Intelligent Design and Creationism, and they freely engage in edit-warring without fear of being blocked due to several editors helping each other subvert the "3 revert rule" and the help of admins who are biased to their side. Non-evolutionists are described with the non-referenced, non-neutral term "dogmatically"<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wedge_strategy&diff=prev&oldid=267885268</ref><ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wedge_strategy&diff=next&oldid=268115244</ref> and ID advocates are called "intelligent design creationists" despite the fact that neither they nor Creationists consider themselves alike.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Strengths_and_weaknesses_of_evolution&diff=prev&oldid=267130640</ref><ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Strengths_and_weaknesses_of_evolution&diff=next&oldid=267873798</ref><ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Strengths_and_weaknesses_of_evolution&diff=next&oldid=268116166</ref><ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Creationism&diff=267130755&oldid=267129633</ref><ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Creationism&diff=267875875&oldid=267874801</ref><ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Creationism&diff=267881496&oldid=267877410</ref><ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Creationism&diff=268117670&oldid=268115954</ref>
# Wikipedia added a "Controversies" sections to their article for the "Presidency of George W. Bush"<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Presidency_of_George_W._Bush&oldid=282227871#Controversies_and_criticism</ref> but not to their article on the "Presidency of Barack Obama"<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Barack_Obama</ref> It has since been removed.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Presidency_of_George_W._Bush&diff=282810799&oldid=282227871</ref>
# In addition to the previous example, there was a massive Wikipedia article for "Criticism of George W. Bush,"<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Criticism_of_George_W._Bush&oldid=278422248</ref> but the article for "Criticism of Barack Obama" had been deleted at least ''FOUR TIMES'' since October 2008 with excuses like "Article that has no meaningful, substantive content" and "Attack page or negative unsourced BLP."<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Barack_Obama</ref> Wikipedia has since redirected "Criticism of George W. Bush" and added "Public image of" articles for both presidents, however President Bush's article is heavily negative<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_image_of_George_W._Bush</ref> while President Obama's is filled with glowing, pandering fluff with very few meaningful criticisms.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_image_of_Barack_Obama</ref>
# Wikipedia has an anti-American, "blame Bush" view of the USA under his administration.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_W._Bush</ref> Liberals want it to appear that Bush acted alone in his decisions. On the George W. Bush page under the section 'Foreign policy', ''President Bush launched the War on Terrorism"'', ''"President Bush launched the invasion of Iraq"'' and ''"which President Bush viewed as..."''' <u>No mention of the (111) Democrats who voted with George W. Bush.</U>
# Wikipedia's presidential template for George W. Bush is a sterile presentation of his life and presidency<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:George_W._Bush</ref>, but the template for Barack Obama is filled with non-notable, forgettable fluff such as links to articles about songs about him, a list of artists who support him, a Super Mario-type video game based on him and a list of places named after him.<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Public_image_of_Barack_Obama</ref> (Note that there is no mention on Wikipedia of George W. Bush Elementary in Stockton, CA.<ref>http://www.google.com/search?q=%22george+w.+bush+elementary%22+stockton&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&aq=t&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&client=firefox-a</ref>)
# The article about the legitimate questions surrounding President Obama's birth certificate is entitled "Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories,"<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama_citizenship_conspiracy_theories</ref> however one is hard-pressed to find such bold use of the phrase "conspiracy theory" in articles about Dominionism<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominionism</ref>, the 9/11 Truth movement<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/9/11_Truth</ref>, and many other conspiracy theories that the left favors. The article also describes advocates of the questions as "fringe" several times despite including the likes of Michelle Malkin, Ann Coulter and Rush Limbaugh, but the same word is only used once in the 9/11 Truth movement article (and it uses it in a quote stating that the movement isn't fringe) and not at all in the Dominionism article.
# In the article for flood geology<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flood_geology</ref>, the section containing evidence in favor of a global flood has the header "Evidence cited to support a global flood"<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flood_geology#Evidence_cited_to_support_a_global_flood</ref> while the section containing evidence against it has the header "Evidence against a global flood."<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flood_geology#Evidence_against_a_global_flood</ref> Attempts to balance this disparity are met with quick reversions with excuses such as "I don't see this as an improvement"<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flood_geology&diff=288093849&oldid=288042808</ref> and appeals referencing the so-called "scientific community" (i.e. the "scientific consensus").<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flood_geology&diff=next&oldid=288488331</ref> Additionally, in a recent edit, Hrafn (one of the "usual suspects" who gang up and protect their preferred version of evolution and Creation articles) revealed his unabashed bias by reverting an edit with the explanation "all creationists are WP:FRINGE/'cracked pot[s].'"<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flood_geology&diff=289076441&oldid=289074740</ref>
#The Carrie Prejean article on Wikipedia is carefully crafted however, major points tend to end with a liberals last word. 'Photograph controversy' last line quotes "go beyond what the Miss California pageant says are appropriate, and do not benefit Prejean's status." The section 'Crown retention', last line says- "she no longer believes in the organization," referring to a pageant official. The page is locked from mentioning other contestants who also had photos questionable under pageant rules. The last line of 'Miss USA 2009 controversy', plug the candidate for governor of Ca. and same-sex advocate SF mayor Gavin Newsom beliefs, supports Prejean. Wikipedia's non family-friendly presentation is complete with text of Hilton's foul-mouthed tirade.<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carrie_Prejean&diff= http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carrie_Prejean&diff=] Wikipedia- Carrie Prejean</ref>
#Wikipedia's purity ring page is hopelessly biased against the concept. 573 characters describing the purity ring. Criticisms of purity rings- 1475 characters with three references. How does Wikipedia educate their readers when they only discredit purity rings? <ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Purity_ring&diff= http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Purity_ring&diff=] Wikipedia- Purity ring</ref>
#The scope and depth of racism prevalent on Wikipedia is despicable. Over a thousand pages that include the ethnic slur 'Nigger', many in the page title. [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Search&ns0=1&redirs=0&search=nigger&limit=500&offset=0]
#[[Wikipedia]] deleted [[9/12 Candidate]] page (twice) due to lack of notability<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/9/12_Candidate</ref>. Owner blocked because his real name does not meet username policy<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Jacob_F._Roecker</ref> and editor (me) blocked<ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:WashingtonIsBroke#User:WashingtonIsBroke</ref> for spam/advertising and "conflict of interest, which is introducing a severe bias to your edits".
#[[VoteVets.org]] is a partisan political organization that seeks to elect Democrats and to replace Republicans in Congress. Wikipedia's erroneous entry labels the liberal group a "non-partisan" political action committee. <ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=VoteVets.org&diff=293037611&oldid=293035975 VoteVets.org</ref>
#Just like the liberal-aligned [[MSM]], Wikipedia is consistent when hiding unflattering information about their fellow [[liberal]]s. Wikipedia purposely buried an important statement from Judge Sonia [[Sotomayor]], the now-infamous "Wise Latina" remark. One has to scroll through 49,600 characters of a 54,000 character page to find the statement. Also, Wikipedia does not mention her membership in La Raza, a group that has promoted the distribution of driver's licenses to illegal aliens, amnesty programs for illegal aliens, and the non-enforcement of immigration laws <ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sonia_Sotomayor&diff=302177838&oldid=302177614</ref>
#Wikipedia feels that the [[Barack Obama]] article should omit any mention of [[William Ayers]] and the [[Weather Underground]]. Wikipedia's mobocracy has decided that you, the public, have no need to learn about Obama's past relationships that made national headlines. No mention of Obama's ties to [[ACORN]] either. <ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Barack_Obama&diff=302499449&oldid=302497807</ref>
#Wikipedia's Template:Infobox and elsewhere still maintains the fiction that [[Barack Hussein Obama]] was a "Professor of Constitutional Law," whereas [[White House]] Press Secretary [[Robert Gibbs]] has flatly denied Obama ever taught constitutional law. [http://www.whitehouse.gov/the_press_office/Briefing-by-White-House-Press-Secretary-Robert-Gibbs-4-14-09/]
#In Wikipedia's page on the ABC's docudrama <i>The Path to 9/11</i>, the page contains a section titles "Controversy and criticisms," which contains 19 sub-sections to support it, while the section titled "Controversy: support for The Path to 9/11" only contains four, despite the fact that the controversy was sparked by pro-Clinton liberals that failed to see the fact that the two-part miniseries criticized both Bush and Clinton administrations leading up to 9/11 and that writer Cyrus Nowrasteh stated that many of their consultants on it stated that the docudrama went easy on Clinton. It also fails to note John Ziegler's documentary on the censoring of the docudrama <i>Blocking the Path to 9/11</i> [http://www.johnziegler.com/], which contains interviews with many people on the topic, and points out how the [[MSM]] liberals and Clintons have smeared it so much that it has destroyed it from ever being shown on TV or being sold on DVD in the near-future. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Path_to_9/11]
#Wikipedia provides a large page of information regarding the Winter Soldiers story however they never mention that the people involved fabricated events, were caught lying, were doing it to push a [[liberal]] anti-war message. A section lists the fact that Congress investigated the matter. However it does not list the outcome- falsehoods, fabrications and outright lies to weaken the U.S. military as it was engaged with fighting the [[Communist]] North Vietnam. [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Winter_Soldier_Investigation&oldid=310708048] [http://www.anncoulter.com/cgi-local/article.cgi?article=325]
#One of Wikipedia's barnstars—given nominally for World War II writing contributions—is in fact an [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:WWFlagsBarnstar.JPG American flag] desecrated with Nazi and Soviet Union graffiti.
#Wikipedia's Nidal Malik Hasan article fails to mention any connection to Obama's transition government. Hasan's associations are clearly exposed but Wikipedia can't label Hasan a terrorist. He is just a shooter, not a massacre. [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nidal_Malik_Hasan&oldid=325179780]
#Liberal elites at [[Wikipedia]] have embraced the ideology of [[Al Gore]]'s [[Global Warming]]. It is with great sadness that [[ClimateGate]] has emerged as a worldwide news story. In an attempt to shrug-off the story, Wikipedia labels the page ''Climatic Research Unit e-mail hacking incident,'' with ClimateGate as only a redirect. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climategate] Next, Wikipedia claims the CRU was illegally hacked but other sources say possibly an inside job. [http://www.junkscience.com/] Finally, Wikipedia is sure to include plenty of climate change alarmists views discounting the incident; ''a smear campaign'', '' an attempt to sabotage the Copenhagen'', '' James Hansen "no effect on the science" '', UK Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change Ed Miliband ''"We should be cautious about using partial emails that have been leaked to somehow cast doubt..."'' [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Climatic_Research_Unit_e-mail_hacking_incident&action=historysubmit&diff=328281249&oldid=328279458]
# A recent charge is that U.K. scientist and Green Party activist and Realclimate.org member William Connolley functioned as a Wikipedia editor and website administrator, repressing information that militated against Climate Change. As such he "rewrote Wikipedia’s articles on global warming, on the greenhouse effect, on the instrumental temperature record, on the urban heat island, on climate models, on global cooling. On Feb. 14, he began to erase the Little Ice Age; on Aug.11, the Medieval Warm Period."<ref>[http://network.nationalpost.com/np/blogs/fpcomment/archive/2009/12/19/lawrence-solomon-wikipedia-s-climate-doctor.aspx ''Lawrence Solomon: Wikipedia’s climate doctor'',] December 19, 2009</ref>
# In relation to the Wikipedia article on Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab, Wikipedia mentions terrorism, Al Qaeda, Islamic countries, imams and Taliban but nowhere will you find the word "Muslim terrorist" nor "Islamic terrorist". [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Northwest_Airlines_Flight_253&oldid=334150190] That is a key point that [[liberal]]s want to hide from the public. [http://newsmax.com/InsideCover/Terror-Reviews-Avoid-Word/2010/02/12/id/349732] The very same can be said for Wikipedia's wikinews item ''Failed bomb aboard Delta flight'' article. [http://en.wikinews.org/w/index.php?title=Failed_bomb_aboard_Delta_flight&oldid=928144]
# Wikipedia's Communism article omits to mention that millions of people have perished as a result of the Marxist ideology. Near the very end of the article they mention ''"<u>alleged</u> by some scholars to be responsible for famines, purges and warfare resulting in deaths."'' The article states "classes are abolished" "oppression-free society" and policies made "democratically" without mentioning those positions are really just propaganda. [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Communism&oldid=337705210]
# Wikipedia's article on Martin Luther King Jr. is extensive. There is little doubt that King was known for civil rights. However, Wikipedia fails to recognize King's main 'Influence', Jesus Christ. King's life was Jesus from day one, his entire life was Christ inspired. As Dr. King Jr said, "Our lives begin to end the day we become silent about things that matter." [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Martin_Luther_King,_Jr.&oldid=338783450]
# Wikipedia's article on the British Actor Sir Alec Guinness repeats a malicious story that has been proven false to suggest that he was a homosexual.<ref>[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alec_Guinness#Personal_life Wikipedia]</ref> It then suggests that the biography on Guinness by Piers Paul Read confirms that he was bi-sexual. This too is false, although Read examines the rumors and speculates as to Guinness' feelings, there is absolutely no proof that Guinness was homosexual or bi-sexual. Speculation is largely contrieved from his knowing several British actors and directors who were and a rumor started by a woman who mistook John Gielgud as Guinness.
# Wikipedia will zealously guard what is said about liberal politicians. But any smear or false accusation of conservative politicians is immediately promoted on their pages as guilty. As is the case with [[John Edwards]]. His scandal was known for over a year, since 2007, before the mainstream media decided to cover it. Wikipedia claims in their article ''"Mainstream media in the United States have chosen not to report this incident, or the allegations that led to it, which Edwards has previously denied."'' Yet, they did not mention that repeated attempts to add that information was removed by Wikipedia prior to July 28, 2008. [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Edwards&oldid=228323043#2008_Presidential_campaign] In addition, many criticisms of Edwards have not made it into Wikipedia such as he used well-wishes to Elizabeth regarding her re-occurrence of cancer to solicit email donations to his Presidential campaign.
#Although against their own policy Wikipedia allows Liberals such as voiceover actor D. C. Douglas, who under the name of Lance Baxter, called Freedonworks and referred to their workers and supporters as "mentally retarded," and asked what happens after one of their "members does actually kill somebody." A sys-op "protected" the page deleting any mention of Douglas' controversial actions and statements. <ref>http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=D._C._Douglas&action=history</ref>

==See Also==
*[[ Wikipedia prejudice and KAL 007]] (Subject matter is [[New World Order]] and Cong. [[Larry McDonald]]. Article here in Conservapedia relates it to [[KAL 007]] as the subject matter bears directly).

==External Links==
*[http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2008/aug/21/conservatives-miss-wikipedias-threat/ SHEFFIELD: Conservatives miss Wikipedia's threat] by [[Washington Times]], August 21, 2008
* [http://wnd.com/index.php?fa=PAGE.view&pageId=83640 Wikipedia lies, slander continue by Joseph Farah]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

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* Avoid mentioning posts that were made by new Wikipedians or anonymous Wikipedians, unless their biased edits were not reverted after a substantial amount of time.
[[Category:Wikis]]