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Weather Underground

2009-08-07T22:16:40Z

Dawkinsbulldog:

[[Image:Wuodec3.jpg|right|thumb|350px|First page of WUO Declaration of a State of War with Amerika issued by [[Bernardine Dohrn]], May 21 1970.<ref>FBI file, [http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Weather_Underground_Declaration_of_a_State_of_War Weather Underground Declaration of a State of War]</ref> Dohrn was instrumental in launching the career of Chicago City Alderman [[Barack Obama]], later elected President of the United States.]]
The '''Weather Underground''', or '''Weathermen''' is a [[leftist]] [[terrorist]] organization now possibly inactive. <ref>[http://www.attacreport.com/ar_terror/tframe.php?region=namerica&group=wuo ATTAC Report]</ref>
__TOC__
Their ideology was explicitly [[communist]] and [[Revolution|revolutionary]]. In one famous incident, several members were killed in the "Greenwich Village Explosion", in which amateur bomb-makers immolated themselves <ref>[http://www.crimelibrary.com/terrorists_spies/terrorists/brinks/1.html Court TV – Crime Library: Terrorists, The Weather Underground] </ref> preparing for a [[terrorist]] attack on [[Fort Dix]]. Other members, [[Cathy Wilkerson]], [[Michael Fish]] and [[Kathy Boudin]],
survived and were defended by [[National Lawyers Guild]] <ref>[http://www.frontpagemag.com/Articles/ReadArticle.asp?ID=7494 NLG: The Legal Fifth Column], By Jesse Rigsby, ''FrontPageMagazine.com'', April 25, 2003. </ref> members. Kathy Boudin later received a 20-years-to-life sentence for her role in the 1981 Weatherman Nyack, New York Brinks armored truck robbery which resulted in the murders of two policemen and an armored truck security guard. <ref>[http://www.crimelibrary.com/terrorists_spies/terrorists/brinks/15.html Court TV – Crime Library: The Brinks Robbery of 1981] </ref>
[[Image:Deathpigs.jpg|right|thumb|350px|The words "Death to Pigs" were written on a wall in the blood of Manson family victims; many rhetorical idioms were shared by the WUO & the Manson Family besides advocacy of illegal drug use, senseless violence, and killing.]]

At a 1969 "War Council" in [[Flint]], [[Michigan]], spokeswoman [[Bernardine Dohrn]] gave her most memorable and notorious speech. Holding her fingers in what became the Weatherman "fork salute," she said of the bloody murders recently committed by the [[Charles Manson|Manson Family]] in which the pregnant actress Sharon Tate and a Folgers Coffee heiress and several other inhabitants of a Benedict Canyon mansion were brutally stabbed to death,<ref>[http://www.crimeshots.com/Carnage69.html Manson Family Carnage]</ref>
{{cquote|'''Dig it! First they killed those pigs, then they ate dinner in the same room with them. They even shoved a fork into the victim's stomach! Wild!"'''}}

==Profile==
'''Founding/Supervisory Organizations:'''
*Cuban General Directorate of Intelligence (DGI)
*Communist Czechoslovakia
*Organization of Solidarity of the Peoples of Africa, Asia, and Latin America (OSPAAL)
*[[Communist Vietnam]]
*[[National Lawyers Guild]] (NLG)
*[[Students for a Democratic Society]] (SDS)

'''Supporting Organizations:'''
*Puerto Rican Socialist Party (PSP)
*[[Workers World Party]] (WWP)
*[[Youth International Party]] (YIP) <ref>[http://www.jbs.org/node/735 Propagandizing the Police], By William Norman Grigg, ''New American'', 1999-11-08.</ref>

Type of Organization: Terrorist/revolutionary

Location: United States

Ideological cover: Openly [[Marxist-Leninist]]

Activities: Urban guerrilla warfare; bombings; [[assassination]]s; riots; armed robbery; prison organizing; prison breaks

Target countries: [[United States]]

Status: Innactive

'''Assisted Organizations:'''
*[[American Indian Movement]] (AIM)
*Black Guerrilla Family (BGF)
*[[Black Liberation Army]] (BLA)
*[[Black Panther Party]] (BPP)
*[[Armed Forces of National Liberation]] (FALN)
*Puerto Rican Socialist Party (PSP)
*Republic of New Africa (RNA)
*[[Workers World Party]] (WWP)

'''Derivative/Controlled Organizations:'''
*Black Guerrilla Family (BGF)
*Black Liberation Army (BLA)
*[[John Brown Anti-Klan Committee]] (JBAKC) <ref>[http://nobsopus.blogspot.com/1983/11/armed-resistance-unit-bombs-us-capitol.html Armed Resistance Unit Bombs US Capitol], ''Death To The Klan'', Winter, 1984, No. 3.</ref>
*[[Prairie Fire Organizing Committee]] (PFOC)
*[[Symbionese Liberation Army]] (SLA)
*[[Youth International Party]] (YIP)

==See also==
*[[Bill Ayers]]

==References==
<small><references/></small>

==External links==

[http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Terrorist.html#Weathermen wolrdstatesman.org] Weathermen (Weather Underground Organization)

[[Category:Subversive Organizations]]
[[Category:Terrorists]]
[[category:New Left]]

Reese Witherspoon

2009-08-07T22:09:47Z

Dawkinsbulldog:

'''Reese Witherspoon''' is a young [[actress]] who, with her Southern charm, winning smile and perky breasts, has earned her place as one of [[Hollywood]]'s leading ladies.

She is related to one of the signatories of the [[Declaration of Independence]].
{{DEFAULTSORT:Witherspoon, Reese}}
[[Category:Actresses]]

John the Divine

2009-08-07T22:08:08Z

Dawkinsbulldog:

'''Saint John the Divine''' is the author of [[Revelation]], the last book of the [[Bible]], which he wrote after eating halucinogenic mushrooms.

Traditionally John the Divine is believed to be [[John the Apostle]] with ancient writers as early as [[Justin Martyr]] saying they were one and the same. This is not known for certain.

[[Category:Biblical Persons]]
[[Category:Saints]]

Kangaroo

2009-08-07T22:05:47Z

Dawkinsbulldog:

{{Taxonomy
|name=Kangaroo
|image=Redkangaroo1.png
|caption=
|superkingdom=
|kingdom= Animalia
|subkingdom=
|superphylum=
|phylum=Chordata
|subphylum=
|infraphylum=
|microphylum=
|superdivision=
|division=
|subdivision=
|superclass=
|class=Mammalia
|subclass=Marsupialia
|infraclass=
|superorder=
|order=Diprotodontia
|suborder=Macropodiformes
|infraorder=
|superfamily=
|family=Macropodidae
|subfamily=
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'''Kangaroos''' are the largest [[marsupial]]s alive today. Excluding specimens sent overseas, they are only found on the continent of [[Australia]] apart from some species in some areas of [[Papua New Guinea]]<ref>[http://www.dfat.gov.au/facts/kangaroos.html Australia's kangaroos], Australian Government Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade.</ref>. There are at least sixty-nine [[species]] of kangaroo <ref name="kangbio">[http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/trade-use/wild-harvest/kangaroo/biology.html "Kangaroo Biology"], Australian Government</ref>, which include [[wallabies]] and tree-kangaroos.

==Description==

Kangaroos have large ears on top of their small heads, a long snout, and short arms with clawed fingers. Their legs are strong, powerful, and are made for leaping. Their feet have four toes at the end of elongated metatarsi that they rest on when standing. They also have a powerful, thick tail that is used as support when standing, a third-leg when walking slowly, and for counterbalance while leaping. Like all Marsupials, female kangaroos have a pouch on their stomachs in which they carry their young.

===Diet===

Kangaroos are [[herbivore]]s, eating grass, roots, and shrubs. They have a chambered stomach similar to [[sheep]] and [[cattle]]. They are able to regurgitate their food, chew it again as [[cud]], and then swallow it for digestion.

===Social Order===

Kangaroos travel in [[mob | mobs]] of about ten or more males and females. The leader of the mob, called a "boomer", is a male determined by age and size. The boomer has access to females in his mob for mating and will wander around the mob intimidating any other males who try to mate with his harem.

===Reproduction===

Female kangaroos usually only have one baby kangaroo (called a "joey") at a time. The newborn joey weighs as little as 0.03 ounces when first born, after which it crawls into its mothers pouch where it will nurse, grow, and develop. Red Kangaroo joeys will stay in their mothers pouch for about eight months and Grey Kangaroo joeys stay in there for about one year.

==Origins==

Kangaroos and other marsupials evolved from a common marsupial ancestor which lived hundreds of millions of years ago.<ref>[http://www.accessexcellence.org/AE/AEPC/WWC/1995/australia.html "Australian Mammals: Evolutionary Development as a Result of Geographic Isolation"]</ref>

===Dreamtime===
Some [[Australian Aborigines]] believe that kangaroos were sung into existence by their ancestors during the [[Dreamtime]].<ref>[http://www.painsley.org.uk/RE/signposts/y8/1-1creationandenvironment/c-abor.htm "An Aborigine Creation Story"]</ref>

== External Links ==
*[http://www.exzooberance.com/virtual%20zoo/they%20walk/kangaroo/kangaroo.htm Kangaroo facts]
*[http://www.christiananswers.net/kids/kangaroos.html Answers About Kangaroos]
*[http://www.answersingenesis.org/home/area/faq/migration.asp How did animals get from the Ark to places such as Australia?]

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}

[[Category:Marsupials]]
[[Category:Australia]]

Human reproduction

2009-08-07T22:02:03Z

Dawkinsbulldog:

[[Image:Sperm-egg.jpg|thumbnail|Sperm cell hitting an egg cell]]

'''Human reproduction''' is the process by which children are conceived and born. In order for human reproduction to occur under normal circumstances, male and female must engage in [[sexual intercourse]]. Exceptionally, reproduction may take place without intercourse via procedures such as [[in vitro fertilization]].
==Spiritual aspects==
[[Image:Soul_Conception.jpg|thumbnail|Artist's conception of soul joining the fertilized egg at conception.]]

Human reproduction serves partly to create new human beings but with the use of contraception is mainly used as a pleasurable activity, until such time a couple feel ready to conceive a child.

There are many silly religious beliefs, even within [[Christianity]], on the origin of the soul that accompanies a new human being. Some believe portions of the souls of the parents combine to form the new soul. Some believe a free-floating soul becomes trapped within the body. Some believe a soul is created with the fusion of the gametes, in a meta-chemical process. Believers of [[reincarnation]] would say that the soul of a previously deceased person or animal (this religion believes animals have souls too) would enter the new body, so that there is a spiritual [[memory]] of the previous life.

==Biological aspects==

The ultimate act of intimacy serves to unite the male and female [[gamete]]s, the [[sperm]] and [[egg]], respectively. These gametes carry just one half of the [[gene]]tic material ([[chromosome]]s) from each parent, and when they combine the new [[embryo]] contains a full set of chromosomes. The process of the gametes combining is called [[fertilization]], and takes place inside the woman's body, in the [[Fallopian tubes]] or [[uterus]]. The embryo then attaches itself to the uterine lining, and is nourished by the placenta (which in turn receives its nourishment from the mother's body) while it develops. This development takes roughly nine months (see [[Naegele's Rule]]).

At the end of this process of protected development, what was once an embryo is now born as a new baby. Human babies are relatively helpless, and depend on the care and love of both parents in order to survive to maturity themselves.

Humans are not yet able to reproduce alone by [[budding]], [[parthenogenesis]], or [[self-cloning]] as some species are capable of. In addition, human [[gender]] is fixed at conception, unlike some species'; females are not able to become male or vice versa to deal with homogeneous populations of one gender.

== References ==
<references/>

[[Category:Sexuality]]

== External Links ==
*[http://www.opposingviews.com/questions/when-does-life-begin Opposing Views: When Does Life Begin?]
*[http://www.aim.org/wls/category/sex/ What Liberals Say - Category: Sex], [[Accuracy In Media]]

Stoke on Trent

2009-08-07T21:55:26Z

Dawkinsbulldog:

'''Stoke on Trent''' is a city on the [[River Trent]] in the county of [[Staffordshire]], [[England]]. The six old towns which now make up the city are Hanley (the city centre), Stoke, Burslem, Tunstall, Longton, and Fenton. Stoke on Trent railway station is in Stoke.

It is at the centre of the district known as [[The Potteries]], from the predominant industry of the locality, china and ceramics manufacture. Coal mining and steel production were formerly also important. Stoke on Trent has been immortalised as the 'Five Towns' in the novels of [[Arnold Bennett]], although in fact the city was formed by the merger of six towns.

Stoke City Football Club play in the English Premiership ([[soccer]]).

Port Vale Football Club play in the English Football League One ([[soccer]]).

Its population is 240,636 (2001)

[[Category:United Kingdom Cities and Towns]]

England

2009-08-07T21:54:04Z

Dawkinsbulldog:

[[Image:England.gif|right|thumb|300px|England (shown in light green).]]
'''England''' is a constituent country of the [[United Kingdom]] located on the island of [[Great Britain]] in the north-west of [[Europe]].
It is home of the [[English]] language currently spoken by perhaps a billion people worldwide, and was the seat of an empire that spanned the globe.
The [[parliament]] of the United Kingdom is in England, as well as the majority of the population, making this area politically and economically important to the UK as a whole.

== History ==

The prehistoric inhabitants of the island of Britain were largely [[Celt]]ic.
From AD 43, the [[Roman]]s invaded [[Britain]] and took control of the southern half of the islands, where they founded the fort of "Londinium", which later became [[London]].

[[File:England900.jpg|thumb|280px|England and its neighbors about 900 AD]]
As the [[Roman Empire]] abandoned its frontier territories, [[Germanic]] tribes, specifically the [[Angles]], [[Saxons]] and [[Jutes]], began to settle over the majority of the island. Kingdoms formed, such as Northumbria (Anglian) in the north, Wessex (named after the West Saxons) in the south west and Kent (probably settled by Jutes, and now the name of a county) in the south east. Parts of the regions now known as [[Wales]], [[Scotland]], and the county of Cornwall continued to be independent Celtic nations for some time after this. The Germanic invaders were still [[pagan]]s when they conquered part of Britain (e.g. [[Penda]] of Mercia was (allegedly) the last pagan King). The English peoples were converted to [[Christianity]], however, in the 7th Century AD. This happened from two directions: the mission of [[St. Augustine]], emissary of Gregory the Great came initially to Kent, while the (successful) mission to the Northumbrian Angles (and from there to peoples further south) was from the [[Celtic Church]] based in northern British monasteries such as [[Iona]] and [[Lindisfarne]]. The entire [[British Isles]] later came under the sway of [[Roman Catholicism]] as the powerful Northumbrian King, Oswy, chose in favour of Roman practice in AD 664 ('Synod of Whitby').
[[Image:London England.jpg|right|300px]]
Later, in 1066 AD, the Norman French Duke [[William the Conqueror]] defeated the last [[Anglo-Saxon]] King, [[Harold Godwinson]]. William established himself as king of England, and the present day English monarchy traces its descent from William.

Amongst the privileged elite [[French]] language and customs became a part of English culture, however for the most part the common population continued to use their own language and customs. William retained significant territories on mainland Europe, in what is now France. For many hundreds of years England fought a series of wars (including the [[Hundred Years War]]) for possession of northern France. These did not end until 1588 with the loss of [[Calais]]. The [[Channel Islands]] are still a crown dependency to this day.

On the basis of their territories in England and France the Norman monarchs became influential in Europe. In 1215 rebellious noble force [[King John]] to sign the [[Magna Carta]], essentially a charter guaranteeing the rights of the king's subject nobles and the church, and setting forward the precedent that the monarch's powers were bound by law. In 1455-1487 a series of conflicts called the [[Wars of the Roses]] were fought between noble families for control of the throne.

After the [[Wars of the Roses]] had been won by Henry VII the reign of the [[Tudor dynasty|Tudors]] began. Henry VII was more concerned with defending his crown and so concentrated mainly on domestic policies. While Henry VII is one of England's less famous kings he was one of the few monarchs ever to leave the crown solvent upon his death. Henry VIII, unlike his father, was obsessed with winning glory on the battlefield, preferably in France. Henry launched three major wars throughout his reign against France and in the process managed to capture Boulogne. However Henry is most famous for his split with Rome. When the current [[Pope]] refused to allow him to divorce his first wife Catherine of Aragon, Henry declared himself head of the English Church and decreed that the Pope had no power over England. During his reign Henry had six wives. of which only three bore him children, and only a single son.

== Religion ==
In 1533 AD King [[Henry VIII]] formed the [[Church of England]] after the pope refused to annul the marriage between the King and Catherine of Aragon, while originally the CoE followed a policy of Catholic without the Pope his successors Edward and Elizabeth moved the church in a far more [[Protestantism|Protestant]] direction. Henry established himself as the head of the church and made it the state religion of England. This situation continues to this day, although in much modified form. The Queen is still the nominal head of the church, although purely as a figurehead. Decisions technically taken by the Queen are in fact done only on the advice of her ministers, who in matters of the church invariably act on the advice of the church leaders. Until recently certain bishops of the Church of England were automatically given seats in the House of Lords. The Church of England is closely involved with the ceremonies associated with England, for example at coronations or royal weddings.

Since the [[Reformation]] the country has remained primarily Anglican with the notable exception of the Catholic reign of [[Mary I]]. More recently, the number of [[Roman Catholics]] is poised to overtake the number of [[Anglicans]] in the country, a trend that is likely to continue with an influx of migrants from Catholic countries such as [[Ireland]] and recent [[EU]] accession countries such as [[Poland]][http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/article1386939.ece]. As with the UK as a whole, the significant minority religions include [[Hinduism]], [[Judaism]] and [[Islam]].

A 2001 census gave the following figures for religious affiliation: [[Christianity]]: 71.6%, [[Islam]]: 3.1%, [[Hindu]]: 1.1%, [[Sikh]]: 0.7%, [[Jewish]]: 0.5%, and [[Buddhist]]: 0.3%, No Faith: 22.3%. Aprroximately 7% of responders did not answer the question.<ref>http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/profiles/commentaries/ethnicity.asp </ref> In spite of the fact that fewer than 10% of English people regularly attend church, a large percentage of mainly [[Christian]] faith schools are imposed on the population.

== Influence ==

England is the home of the English language, which was later spread to all parts of the world by the [[British Empire]], along with traditional English concepts such as universal suffrage, parliamentary government, the jury system, and freedom of speech.

== See also ==
*[[English Bill of Rights]]
*[[English Civil War]]
*[[English Painting]]
*[[English coronation oath]]

[[Category:United Kingdom]]
[[Category:England| ]]
[[Category:European Countries]]
[[Category:British History]]