Conservapedia - User contributions [en]

Nuremberg War Crimes Tribunal

2009-01-12T03:26:19Z

DaveM:

The '''Nuremberg Trials''' were a series of 13 trials held in [[Nuremburg]], [[Germany]] from 1945-1949. They tried German [[Nazi]] leaders, and accused them of deliberately starting an aggressive war ([[World War II]]), along with crimes against humanity including mass murder and enslavement. These trials were a new development in international law. War criminals have been tried one way or another ever since war began. But at Nuremberg, for the first time, the leaders of a government were held on trial for starting an aggressive war.

The U.S. Army's [[Office of Strategic Services]] (OSS) Central European Section of the Research and Analysis Branch prepared a 91-page report entitled ''Persecution of the Christian Churches'' <ref>R&A Report 3114.4 (draft for war crimes staff, dated 6th July 1945)</ref> which contributed to the recognition that the [[Christian]] Churches were amongst the early victims of Nazi war criminality. The report describes "Nazi purposes, policies and methods of persecution of the Christian Churches in Germany and occupied Europe." Throughout the period of National Socialist rule, the Nazis employed a combination of ‘lawful’ and criminal devices to persecute the Churches in a cynically opportunistic manner. The various Christian Churches were systematically cut off from effective communication with the people. They were confined as far as possible to the performance of narrowly religious functions accompanied partly by legal and partly by illegal and terroristic means.

To establish criminal responsibility in connection with the persecution it was sufficient to show that the measures taken against the Christian Churches were an integral part of the National Socialist scheme of world conquest. From the start, the report argues that, unlike other civil liberty provisions, the key articles of the pre-Nazi [[Weimar constitution]], Articles, 135-140 and 149, <ref>[http://www.zum.de/psm/weimar/weimar_vve.php#Third%20Chapter%20:%20Religion%20and%20Religious%20Communities Weimar Constitution-Religion and Religious Communities]</ref>, "were never formally abrogated by the National Socialist regime, … were left untouched and still remain theoretically in force" and further "respect for the principle of religious freedom", continued to be reiterated in various official policy statements and in various "enactments of the National Socialist state". "To demonstrate the illegality of specific acts of persecution, it is sufficient to show that they were in violation of these legal provisions." In other words, the report argues that because the persistence of legal norms "[[immanent]]" to the German tradition of criminal law, there was no need to resort to ''ex post facto'' laws.

==Principal defendants==
*[[Hermann Goering]]
*[[Rudolf Hess]]
*[[Joachim von Ribbentrop]]
*[[Ernst Kaltenbrunner]]
*[[Wilhelm Keitel]]
*[[Alfred Jodl]]
*[[Alfred Rosenberg]]
*[[Julius Streicher]]
*[[Hans Frank]]
*[[Wilhelm Frick]]
*[[Karl Doenitz]]
*[[Erich Raeder]]
*[[Baldur von Schirach]]
*[[Fritz Sauckel]]
*[[Albert Speer]]
*[[Walther Funk]]
*[[Arthur Seyss-Inquart]]
*[[Konstantin von Neurath]]
*[[Hans Fritzsche]] (acquitted)
*[[Franz von Papen]] (acquitted)
*[[Hjalmar Schacht]] (acquitted)
*[[Martin Bormann]] (tried ''in absentia'')

==See also==
*[[Franz Leopold Neumann]]

==References==
<references/>

==External links==
*Claire Hulme & Dr. Michael Salter, [http://www-camlaw.rutgers.edu/publications/law-religion/articles/RJLR_3_1_2.pdf ''The Nazi's Persecution as a War Crime: The OSS Response Within the Nuremeberg Trial's Process''], Rutgers Journal of Law and Religion, n.d.

[[Category:World War II]]
[[Category:Genocide]]

Sadomasochism

2009-01-12T02:38:50Z

DaveM: Missing comma. All is balanced out...

'''Sadomasochism,''' often referred to by the acronym [[BDSM]], is a personality disorder by which an individual desires to inflict pain or humiliation upon another person and gratification in the infliction of pain or humiliation upon oneself. It is an immoral behavior almost always associated with [[sexual]] [[perversion]]. Psychologically, it is referred to as act of dominance and submission.

==See Also==
[[Immoral]]
[[Category:Sexuality]]
[[Category:Psychology]]

Philip Pullman

2009-01-12T02:38:09Z

DaveM: superfluous comma

'''Philip Pullman''' is the [[atheist]] author of many novels for children and young adults, including the ''[[His Dark Materials]]'' and ''Sally Lockhart'' series. His works have come under criticism for their subversively anti-religious nature. His books portray God as an evil being who ruled the world through the Magisterium, an Inquisition-like institution that castrates boys to prevent sins.

==Pullman's Life==
Philip Pullman was born in Norwich, [[England]], in 1946, to Audrey and Alfred Pullman. The early years of Pullman's life were spent traveling because his father was a member of [[United Kingdom|Britain]]'s [[Royal Air Force]] (RAF). His father died when he was age 7, and his family then traveled to [[London]] to find work. A year later, Pullman's mother remarried to another man working for the RAF. His family lived in [[Australia]] for much of those next two years. When Pullman was ten years old, his stepfather quit his job at the RAF to help his growing family. In 1965, Pullman won a scholarship to attend [[Exeter College]] in [[Oxford]]. He did so for four years.<ref>http://www.hisdarkmaterials.org/information/philip-pullman/biography</ref> At the age of 25, Pullman became a teacher at a middle school also in Oxford. From 1986 to 1994, he taught at Westminister College. Pullman wrote his first book ''[[Count Karlstein]]'' in 1982. <ref>http://www.philip-pullman.com</ref> Today, Pullman lives in Oxford with his wife Jude. Pullman is a father to two grown children and has two grandchildren. <ref>http://www.randomhouse.com/features/pullman/author/author.html</ref>

==Pullman's Works==
Philip Pullman has written almost 20 books. These include:
*''Count Karlstein''
*''I Was a Rat!''
*''The Scarecrow and His Servant''
*''The Firework-Maker's Daughter''
*''Clockwork/All Wound Up''
*The ''Sally Lockhart'' series
**''The Ruby in the Smoke''
**''The Shadow in the North''
**''The Tiger in the Well''
**''The Tin Princess''
*The ''His Dark Materials'' series
**''The Golden Compass'' (''Northern Lights'' in the UK)
**''The Subtle Knife''
**''The Amber Spyglass''

==Awards==
Philip Pullman has been the recipient of many awards:<ref>http://www.philip-pullman.com/about_the_author.asp</ref>
*The Carnegie Medal (for the ''His Dark Materials'' series)
*The Guardian Children's Book Award (for the ''His Dark Materials'' series)
*The Whitebread Book of the Year Award (for the third book of the ''His Dark Materials'' series, the first time it was ever awarded to a children's book)
*The Eleanor Farjeon Award for children's literature

==Criticism of Pullman==

Frank Furedi wrote:
<blockquote>
... He is adept at public moralising. He has denounced [[Narnia]] as "morally loathsome," describing [[C.S. Lewis]]’s series of books as amongst the "most ugly and poisonous things" he has read. Indeed, Pullman directly counterpoises his "non-Christian" trilogy to the "Christian" Narnia. <ref>Phillip Pullman said this to the Washington Post in 2001, in an interview about his trilogy, His Dark Materials [http://www.spiked-online.com/index.php?/site/article/4169/]</ref>
</blockquote>

Blogger Joe Levi charged:

<blockquote>
Pullman is a [[militant]] [[atheist]] and [[secular humanist]] (who describes himself as both an [[agnostic]] and an atheist). He has said, "I don’t profess any [[religion]]; I don’t think it’s possible that there is a [[God]]; I have the greatest difficulty in understanding what is meant by the words 'spiritual' or '[[spirituality]]'" and despises [[C. S. Lewis]] and the [[Chronicles of Narnia]]. His motivation for writing this trilogy was specifically to counteract Lewis's symbolism of [[Christ]] that are portrayed in the Narnia series. <ref>http://www.joelevi.com/blog/index.php/2007/12/04/the-golden-compass-an-attack-on-god/</ref>
</blockquote>

Peter Hitchens calls Pullman:
<blockquote> The most dangerous author in Britain <ref>http://home.wlv.ac.uk/~bu1895/hitchens.htm</ref></blockquote>

Most of criticism of Pullman is based solely on the controversial ''His Dark Materials'' series, for which he became famous, in particular the killing of [[Yahweh]], the Judeo-Christian God as the climax of the novels.

==Pullman's Motives==

Pullman is quoted as saying:
* "I'm trying to undermine the basis of Christian belief."<ref>http://www.thinkingchristian.net/C1983916159/E20071118075122/index.html</ref>

==Odd quote about the Chronicles of Narnia==

"The highest virtue, we have on the authority of the New Testament itself, is love, and yet you find not a trace of that in the books," he said.

Considering the entire set of books is an allegory of Jesus' love, this statement is especially odd. There is a great deal of love among family members, love of country, and sacrificing to do the right thing. Indeed, it would be hard to read more than a few pages without coming across a strong concept of love. The comment has little to do with the works he is discussing.

==External Links==
[http://www.philip-pullman.com/|Philip Pullman's home page.] 
[http://www.randomhouse.com/features/pullman/author/author.html|A website about Philip Pullman and his writing.] 
[http://www.writing.com/main/view_item/item_id/1359866 http://www.writing.com/main/view_item/item_id/1359866|A negative review of the author.]

==References==

<References/>

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pullman, Philip}}

[[Category:Authors]]
[[Category:Atheists]]

Philip Pullman

2009-01-12T02:37:24Z

DaveM: "Institution" is singular, hence the required "s".

'''Philip Pullman''' is the [[atheist]] author of many novels for children and young adults, including the ''[[His Dark Materials]]'' and ''Sally Lockhart'' series. His works have come under criticism for their subversively anti-religious nature. His books portray God as an evil being who ruled the world through the Magisterium, an Inquisition-like institution, that castrates boys to prevent sins.

==Pullman's Life==
Philip Pullman was born in Norwich, [[England]], in 1946, to Audrey and Alfred Pullman. The early years of Pullman's life were spent traveling because his father was a member of [[United Kingdom|Britain]]'s [[Royal Air Force]] (RAF). His father died when he was age 7, and his family then traveled to [[London]] to find work. A year later, Pullman's mother remarried to another man working for the RAF. His family lived in [[Australia]] for much of those next two years. When Pullman was ten years old, his stepfather quit his job at the RAF to help his growing family. In 1965, Pullman won a scholarship to attend [[Exeter College]] in [[Oxford]]. He did so for four years.<ref>http://www.hisdarkmaterials.org/information/philip-pullman/biography</ref> At the age of 25, Pullman became a teacher at a middle school also in Oxford. From 1986 to 1994, he taught at Westminister College. Pullman wrote his first book ''[[Count Karlstein]]'' in 1982. <ref>http://www.philip-pullman.com</ref> Today, Pullman lives in Oxford with his wife Jude. Pullman is a father to two grown children and has two grandchildren. <ref>http://www.randomhouse.com/features/pullman/author/author.html</ref>

==Pullman's Works==
Philip Pullman has written almost 20 books. These include:
*''Count Karlstein''
*''I Was a Rat!''
*''The Scarecrow and His Servant''
*''The Firework-Maker's Daughter''
*''Clockwork/All Wound Up''
*The ''Sally Lockhart'' series
**''The Ruby in the Smoke''
**''The Shadow in the North''
**''The Tiger in the Well''
**''The Tin Princess''
*The ''His Dark Materials'' series
**''The Golden Compass'' (''Northern Lights'' in the UK)
**''The Subtle Knife''
**''The Amber Spyglass''

==Awards==
Philip Pullman has been the recipient of many awards:<ref>http://www.philip-pullman.com/about_the_author.asp</ref>
*The Carnegie Medal (for the ''His Dark Materials'' series)
*The Guardian Children's Book Award (for the ''His Dark Materials'' series)
*The Whitebread Book of the Year Award (for the third book of the ''His Dark Materials'' series, the first time it was ever awarded to a children's book)
*The Eleanor Farjeon Award for children's literature

==Criticism of Pullman==

Frank Furedi wrote:
<blockquote>
... He is adept at public moralising. He has denounced [[Narnia]] as "morally loathsome," describing [[C.S. Lewis]]’s series of books as amongst the "most ugly and poisonous things" he has read. Indeed, Pullman directly counterpoises his "non-Christian" trilogy to the "Christian" Narnia. <ref>Phillip Pullman said this to the Washington Post in 2001, in an interview about his trilogy, His Dark Materials [http://www.spiked-online.com/index.php?/site/article/4169/]</ref>
</blockquote>

Blogger Joe Levi charged:

<blockquote>
Pullman is a [[militant]] [[atheist]] and [[secular humanist]] (who describes himself as both an [[agnostic]] and an atheist). He has said, "I don’t profess any [[religion]]; I don’t think it’s possible that there is a [[God]]; I have the greatest difficulty in understanding what is meant by the words 'spiritual' or '[[spirituality]]'" and despises [[C. S. Lewis]] and the [[Chronicles of Narnia]]. His motivation for writing this trilogy was specifically to counteract Lewis's symbolism of [[Christ]] that are portrayed in the Narnia series. <ref>http://www.joelevi.com/blog/index.php/2007/12/04/the-golden-compass-an-attack-on-god/</ref>
</blockquote>

Peter Hitchens calls Pullman:
<blockquote> The most dangerous author in Britain <ref>http://home.wlv.ac.uk/~bu1895/hitchens.htm</ref></blockquote>

Most of criticism of Pullman is based solely on the controversial ''His Dark Materials'' series, for which he became famous, in particular the killing of [[Yahweh]], the Judeo-Christian God as the climax of the novels.

==Pullman's Motives==

Pullman is quoted as saying:
* "I'm trying to undermine the basis of Christian belief."<ref>http://www.thinkingchristian.net/C1983916159/E20071118075122/index.html</ref>

==Odd quote about the Chronicles of Narnia==

"The highest virtue, we have on the authority of the New Testament itself, is love, and yet you find not a trace of that in the books," he said.

Considering the entire set of books is an allegory of Jesus' love, this statement is especially odd. There is a great deal of love among family members, love of country, and sacrificing to do the right thing. Indeed, it would be hard to read more than a few pages without coming across a strong concept of love. The comment has little to do with the works he is discussing.

==External Links==
[http://www.philip-pullman.com/|Philip Pullman's home page.] 
[http://www.randomhouse.com/features/pullman/author/author.html|A website about Philip Pullman and his writing.] 
[http://www.writing.com/main/view_item/item_id/1359866 http://www.writing.com/main/view_item/item_id/1359866|A negative review of the author.]

==References==

<References/>

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pullman, Philip}}

[[Category:Authors]]
[[Category:Atheists]]

Philip Pullman

2009-01-12T02:34:46Z

DaveM:

'''Philip Pullman''' is the [[atheist]] author of many novels for children and young adults, including the ''[[His Dark Materials]]'' and ''Sally Lockhart'' series. His works have come under criticism for their subversively anti-religious nature. His books portray God as an evil being who ruled the world through the Magisterium, an Inquisition-like institution, that castrates boys to prevent sins.

==Pullman's Life==
Philip Pullman was born in Norwich, [[England]], in 1946, to Audrey and Alfred Pullman. The early years of Pullman's life were spent travelling because his father was a member of [[United Kingdom|Britain]]'s [[Royal Air Force]] (RAF). His father died when he was age 7, and his family then travelled to [[London]] to find work. A year later, Pullman's mother remarried to another man working for the RAF. His family lived in [[Australia]] for much of those next two years. When Pullman was ten years old, his stepfather quit his job at the RAF to help his growing family. In 1965, Pullman won a scholarship to attend [[Exeter College]] in [[Oxford]]. He did so for four years.<ref>http://www.hisdarkmaterials.org/information/philip-pullman/biography</ref> At the age of 25, Pullman became a teacher at a middle school also in Oxford. From 1986 to 1994, he taught at Westminister College. Pullman wrote his first book ''[[Count Karlstein]]'' in 1982. <ref>http://www.philip-pullman.com</ref> Today, Pullman lives in Oxford with his wife Jude. Pullman is a father to two grown children and has two grandchildren. <ref>http://www.randomhouse.com/features/pullman/author/author.html</ref>

==Pullman's Works==
Philip Pullman has written almost 20 books. These include:
*''Count Karlstein''
*''I Was a Rat!''
*''The Scarecrow and His Servant''
*''The Firework-Maker's Daughter''
*''Clockwork/All Wound Up''
*The ''Sally Lockhart'' series
**''The Ruby in the Smoke''
**''The Shadow in the North''
**''The Tiger in the Well''
**''The Tin Princess''
*The ''His Dark Materials'' series
**''The Golden Compass'' (''Northern Lights'' in the UK)
**''The Subtle Knife''
**''The Amber Spyglass''

==Awards==
Philip Pullman has been the recipient of many awards:<ref>http://www.philip-pullman.com/about_the_author.asp</ref>
*The Carnegie Medal (for the ''His Dark Materials'' series)
*The Guardian Children's Book Award (for the ''His Dark Materials'' series)
*The Whitebread Book of the Year Award (for the third book of the ''His Dark Materials'' series, the first time it was ever awarded to a children's book)
*The Eleanor Farjeon Award for children's literature

==Criticism of Pullman==

Frank Furedi wrote:
<blockquote>
... He is adept at public moralising. He has denounced [[Narnia]] as "morally loathsome," describing [[C.S. Lewis]]’s series of books as amongst the "most ugly and poisonous things" he has read. Indeed, Pullman directly counterpoises his "non-Christian" trilogy to the "Christian" Narnia. <ref>Phillip Pullman said this to the Washington Post in 2001, in an interview about his trilogy, His Dark Materials [http://www.spiked-online.com/index.php?/site/article/4169/]</ref>
</blockquote>

Blogger Joe Levi charged:

<blockquote>
Pullman is a [[militant]] [[atheist]] and [[secular humanist]] (who describes himself as both an [[agnostic]] and an atheist). He has said, "I don’t profess any [[religion]]; I don’t think it’s possible that there is a [[God]]; I have the greatest difficulty in understanding what is meant by the words 'spiritual' or '[[spirituality]]'" and despises [[C. S. Lewis]] and the [[Chronicles of Narnia]]. His motivation for writing this trilogy was specifically to counteract Lewis's symbolism of [[Christ]] that are portrayed in the Narnia series. <ref>http://www.joelevi.com/blog/index.php/2007/12/04/the-golden-compass-an-attack-on-god/</ref>
</blockquote>

Peter Hitchens calls Pullman:
<blockquote> The most dangerous author in Britain <ref>http://home.wlv.ac.uk/~bu1895/hitchens.htm</ref></blockquote>

Most of criticism of Pullman is based solely on the controversial ''His Dark Materials'' series, for which he became famous, in particular the killing of [[Yahweh]], the Judeo-Christian God as the climax of the novels.

==Pullman's Motives==

Pullman is quoted as saying:
* "I'm trying to undermine the basis of Christian belief."<ref>http://www.thinkingchristian.net/C1983916159/E20071118075122/index.html</ref>

==Odd quote about the Chronicles of Narnia==

"The highest virtue, we have on the authority of the New Testament itself, is love, and yet you find not a trace of that in the books," he said.

Considering the entire set of books is an allegory of Jesus' love, this statement is especially odd. There is a great deal of love among family members, love of country, and sacrificing to do the right thing. Indeed, it would be hard to read more than a few pages without coming across a strong concept of love. The comment has little to do with the works he is discussing.

==External Links==
[http://www.philip-pullman.com/|Philip Pullman's home page.] 
[http://www.randomhouse.com/features/pullman/author/author.html|A website about Philip Pullman and his writing.] 
[http://www.writing.com/main/view_item/item_id/1359866 http://www.writing.com/main/view_item/item_id/1359866|A negative review of the author.]

==References==

<References/>

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pullman, Philip}}

[[Category:Authors]]
[[Category:Atheists]]

Philip Pullman

2009-01-12T02:33:53Z

DaveM:

'''Philip Pullman''' is the [[atheist]] author of many novels for children and young adults, including the ''[[His Dark Materials]]'' and ''Sally Lockhart'' series. His works have come under criticism for their subversively anti-religious nature. His books portray God as an evil being who ruled the world through the Magisterium, an Inquisition-like institution, that castrate boys to prevent sins.

==Pullman's Life==
Philip Pullman was born in Norwich, [[England]], in 1946, to Audrey and Alfred Pullman. The early years of Pullman's life were spent traveling because his father was a member of [[United Kingdom|Britain]]'s [[Royal Air Force]] (RAF). His father died when he was age 7, and his family then traveled to [[London]] to find work. A year later, Pullman's mother remarried to another man working for the RAF. His family lived in [[Australia]] for much of those next two years. When Pullman was ten years old, his stepfather quit his job at the RAF to help his growing family. In 1965, Pullman won a scholarship to attend [[Exeter College]] in [[Oxford]]. He did so for four years.<ref>http://www.hisdarkmaterials.org/information/philip-pullman/biography</ref> At the age of 25, Pullman became a teacher at a middle school also in Oxford. From 1986 to 1994, he taught at Westminister College. Pullman wrote his first book ''[[Count Karlstein]]'' in 1982. <ref>http://www.philip-pullman.com</ref> Today, Pullman lives in Oxford with his wife Jude. Pullman is a father to two grown children and has two grandchildren. <ref>http://www.randomhouse.com/features/pullman/author/author.html</ref>

==Pullman's Works==
Philip Pullman has written almost 20 books. These include:
*''Count Karlstein''
*''I Was a Rat!''
*''The Scarecrow and His Servant''
*''The Firework-Maker's Daughter''
*''Clockwork/All Wound Up''
*The ''Sally Lockhart'' series
**''The Ruby in the Smoke''
**''The Shadow in the North''
**''The Tiger in the Well''
**''The Tin Princess''
*The ''His Dark Materials'' series
**''The Golden Compass'' (''Northern Lights'' in the UK)
**''The Subtle Knife''
**''The Amber Spyglass''

==Awards==
Philip Pullman has been the recipient of many awards:<ref>http://www.philip-pullman.com/about_the_author.asp</ref>
*The Carnegie Medal (for the ''His Dark Materials'' series)
*The Guardian Children's Book Award (for the ''His Dark Materials'' series)
*The Whitebread Book of the Year Award (for the third book of the ''His Dark Materials'' series, the first time it was ever awarded to a children's book)
*The Eleanor Farjeon Award for children's literature

==Criticism of Pullman==

Frank Furedi wrote:
<blockquote>
... He is adept at public moralising. He has denounced [[Narnia]] as "morally loathsome," describing [[C.S. Lewis]]’s series of books as amongst the "most ugly and poisonous things" he has read. Indeed, Pullman directly counterpoises his "non-Christian" trilogy to the "Christian" Narnia. <ref>Phillip Pullman said this to the Washington Post in 2001, in an interview about his trilogy, His Dark Materials [http://www.spiked-online.com/index.php?/site/article/4169/]</ref>
</blockquote>

Blogger Joe Levi charged:

<blockquote>
Pullman is a [[militant]] [[atheist]] and [[secular humanist]] (who describes himself as both an [[agnostic]] and an atheist). He has said, "I don’t profess any [[religion]]; I don’t think it’s possible that there is a [[God]]; I have the greatest difficulty in understanding what is meant by the words 'spiritual' or '[[spirituality]]'" and despises [[C. S. Lewis]] and the [[Chronicles of Narnia]]. His motivation for writing this trilogy was specifically to counteract Lewis's symbolism of [[Christ]] that are portrayed in the Narnia series. <ref>http://www.joelevi.com/blog/index.php/2007/12/04/the-golden-compass-an-attack-on-god/</ref>
</blockquote>

Peter Hitchens calls Pullman:
<blockquote> The most dangerous author in Britain <ref>http://home.wlv.ac.uk/~bu1895/hitchens.htm</ref></blockquote>

Most of criticism of Pullmanis based solely on the controversial ''His Dark Materials'' series, for which he became famous, in particular the killing of [[Yahweh]], the Judeo-Christian God as the climax of the novels.

==Pullman's Motives==

Pullman is quoted as saying:
* "I'm trying to undermine the basis of Christian belief."<ref>http://www.thinkingchristian.net/C1983916159/E20071118075122/index.html</ref>

==Odd quote about the Chronicles of Narnia==

"The highest virtue, we have on the authority of the New Testament itself, is love, and yet you find not a trace of that in the books," he said.

Considering the entire set of books is an allegory of Jesus' love, this statement is especially odd. There is a great deal of love among family members, love of country, and sacrificing to do the right thing. Indeed, it would be hard to read more than a few pages without coming across a strong concept of love. The comment has little to do with the works he is discussing.

==External Links==
[http://www.philip-pullman.com/|Philip Pullman's home page.] 
[http://www.randomhouse.com/features/pullman/author/author.html|A website about Philip Pullman and his writing.] 
[http://www.writing.com/main/view_item/item_id/1359866 http://www.writing.com/main/view_item/item_id/1359866|A negative review of the author.]

==References==

<References/>

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pullman, Philip}}

[[Category:Authors]]
[[Category:Atheists]]

Leopold Godowsky

2009-01-12T02:25:43Z

DaveM:

'''Leopold Godowsky''' (1870-1930) was a [[Lithuania]]n-born pianist, who trained in [[Berlin]]. He emigrated to the [[United States]] and was naturalized in 1891. He travelled extensively, and recorded, but his career was ended by a stroke in 1931. He continued composing and arranging until his death. He made various virtuoso transcriptions of orchestral works, notably [[Strauss]] [[waltz]]es.
{{DEFAULTSORT:Godowsky, Leopold}}
[[Category:Pianists]]

Jewish Encyclopedia

2009-01-12T02:23:41Z

DaveM:

[[Image:Jewish_Encyclopedia_Cover.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Cover illustration]]
The '''Jewish Encyclopedia''' was a 12 volume [[encyclopedia]] originally published between 1901-1906. Containing over 15,000 articles and illustrations relating to [[Judaism]], the entire work is now in the [[public domain]].

== See also ==

*[[Philosophy]]
*[[Jewish philosophy]]

==External links==
*[http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/index.jsp JewishEncyclopedia.com] An online version of the encyclopedia.

[[Category:Judaism]]
[[Category:Books]]

Seduction of Eve

2009-01-12T02:22:35Z

DaveM:

The '''seduction of Eve''' is seen as sexual by two religious movements: [[Christian Identity]] in the U.S. and the [[Unification Church]], which originated in Korea.

Some Bible interpreters regard Genesis as suggesting that angels had sex with earthly women:

{{quotebox|"The sons of God saw the daughters of men, that they were fair; and they took them wives of all which they chose" (Gen.6:2). [http://www.triumphpro.com/cain_and_abel_and_the_seduction_of_eve.htm]}}

This interpretation assumes that "sons of God" refers to [[angel]]s, while "daughters of men" refers to human females.

The Unification Church cites Jude 1:6-7 as evidence that angels "sinned" via "fornication":

*And the angels which kept not their first estate, but left their own habitation, he hath reserved in everlasting chains under darkness unto the judgment of the great day.
*Even as Sodom and Gomorrha, and the cities about them in like manner, giving themselves over to fornication, and going after strange flesh, are set forth for an example, suffering the vengeance of eternal fire. ([http://kingjbible.com/jude/1.htm King James Version])

These views are considered unorthodox within mainstream Christian thought. The points at issue are:
#Can angels sin? Have any angels ever sinned?
#How can an angel have sexual congress with an earthly woman?
#Would this relationship result in pregnancy?
#Does this have anything to do with the [[fall of man]]?

[[Category:Book of Genesis]]

Jim Matheson

2009-01-12T02:21:28Z

DaveM:

[[Image:M001142.jpg|right|150px|thumb|]]
'''Jam Matheson''' is a [[United States Congress]]man representing the [[Utah]]'s 2nd Congress District. He a member of the [[Democratic Party]] and has voted with his Democratic colleagues eight-three percent of the time during the current Congress.<ref>http://projects.washingtonpost.com/congress/members/m001142/</ref> Before his career in politics, Matheson worked in the energy industry. <ref>http://www.house.gov/matheson/bio.shtml</ref>

==External Links==
*[http://www.house.gov/matheson/index.shtml Official Website]
*[http://www.ontheissues.org/House/Jim_Matheson.htm Matheson On the Issues]

==References==
<references/>

[[Category: United States Representatives]]
[[Category: 110th United States Congress]]
[[Category: Democratic Party]]
{{DEFAULTSORT: Matheson, Jim}}

Socialism and global warming

2009-01-11T05:29:00Z

DaveM:

In America, [[socialism]] is bent on removing individual freedoms and placing the government in charge of our lives. The [[global warming]] issue is an important strategy for the advancement socialism, under the guise of saving the Earth.

According to ''A Layman's Guide to Anthropogenic (Man-Made) Global Warming'',

"Fear of [[Anthropogenic global warming|AGW]] provides a way to engage everyone in the movement. [[Socialists]] of all stripes no longer have to spew [[Marxist]] notions that turn most people off; now, they can talk the [[science of global warming]] and [[hurricane]]s and massive floods and such, and, using fear, trample the average guy into their socialist goals of stifling [[capitalism]], [[economic growth|growth]], and having the government take over the economy through this [[environmental]] back-door." [http://www.coyoteblog.com/coyote_blog/2007/07/chapter-2-is-it.html]

 
1940's Socialist Party president Norman Thomas said, {{cquote| '''“The American people will never knowingly adopt socialism. But under the name of Liberalism, they will adopt every fragment of the socialist program until one day America will be a socialist nation without knowing how it happened.”'''}}

John Bellamy Foster, editor of the Marxist magazine ''Monthly Review'', said in 2005: “The problem is capitalism. The only solution, as difficult as this may be to contemplate at the present time, is socialism.” <ref>[The Professors -- The 101 Most Dangerous Academics in America by David Horowitz]</ref>

==Socialism/Environment Quotes==
Havel Wolf member of the Seattle Audubon Society says “The Communist Party USA’s environmental program “presents a viable plan to carry out on the long march to socialism.” --1998

Gus Hall National chairman of the Communist Party, USA in 1972. “Human society cannot basically stop the destruction of the environment under capitalism. Socialism is the only structure that makes it possible.”

Christine Stewart Canadian Environment Minister said, “No matter if the science is all phony, there are collateral environmental benefits . . . Climate change provides the greatest chance to bring about justice and equality in the world.”

Louis Proyect of Columbia University, “The answer to global warming is in the abolition of private property and production for human need. A socialist world would place an enormous priority on alternative energy sources. This is what ecologically-minded socialists have been exploring for quite some time now.”

An article about global warming and socialism is not complete without the false prophet comments of [[Al Gore]] (1992), “We must take bold and unequivocal action: we must make the rescue of the environment the central organizing principle for civilization.”

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Socialism]]
[[Category:Global Warming]]

Socialism and global warming

2009-01-11T05:27:46Z

DaveM:

In America, socialism is bent on removing individual freedoms and placing the government in charge of our lives. The [[global warming]] issue is the means to achieving socialism, under the guise of saving the Earth.

According to ''A Layman's Guide to Anthropogenic (Man-Made) Global Warming'',

"Fear of [[Anthropogenic global warming|AGW]] provides a way to engage everyone in the movement. [[Socialists]] of all stripes no longer have to spew [[Marxist]] notions that turn most people off; now, they can talk the [[science of global warming]] and [[hurricane]]s and massive floods and such, and, using fear, trample the average guy into their socialist goals of stifling [[capitalism]], [[economic growth|growth]], and having the government take over the economy through this [[environmental]] back-door." [http://www.coyoteblog.com/coyote_blog/2007/07/chapter-2-is-it.html]

 
1940's Socialist Party president Norman Thomas said, {{cquote| '''“The American people will never knowingly adopt socialism. But under the name of Liberalism, they will adopt every fragment of the socialist program until one day America will be a socialist nation without knowing how it happened.”'''}}

John Bellamy Foster, editor of the Marxist magazine ''Monthly Review'', said in 2005: “The problem is capitalism. The only solution, as difficult as this may be to contemplate at the present time, is socialism.” <ref>[The Professors -- The 101 Most Dangerous Academics in America by David Horowitz]</ref>

==Socialism/Environment Quotes==
Havel Wolf member of the Seattle Audubon Society says “The Communist Party USA’s environmental program “presents a viable plan to carry out on the long march to socialism.” --1998

Gus Hall National chairman of the Communist Party, USA in 1972. “Human society cannot basically stop the destruction of the environment under capitalism. Socialism is the only structure that makes it possible.”

Christine Stewart Canadian Environment Minister said, “No matter if the science is all phony, there are collateral environmental benefits . . . Climate change provides the greatest chance to bring about justice and equality in the world.”

Louis Proyect of Columbia University, “The answer to global warming is in the abolition of private property and production for human need. A socialist world would place an enormous priority on alternative energy sources. This is what ecologically-minded socialists have been exploring for quite some time now.”

An article about global warming and socialism is not complete without the false prophet comments of [[Al Gore]] (1992), “We must take bold and unequivocal action: we must make the rescue of the environment the central organizing principle for civilization.”

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Socialism]]
[[Category:Global Warming]]

Socialism and global warming

2009-01-11T05:25:51Z

DaveM:

In America, socialism is bent on removing individual freedoms and placing the government in charge of our lives. The [[global warming]] issue is the means to achieving socialism, under the guise of saving the Earth.

According to ''A Layman's Guide to Anthropogenic (Man-Made) Global Warming'',

"Fear of [[Anthropogenic global warming|AGW]] provides a way to engage everyone in the movement. [[Socialists]] of all stripes no longer have to spew [[Marxist]] notions that turn most people off; now, they can talk the [[science of global warming]] and [[hurricane]]s and massive floods and such, and, using fear, trample the average guy into their socialist goals of stifling [[capitalism]], [[economic growth|growth]], and having the government take over the economy through this [[environmental]] back-door." [http://www.coyoteblog.com/coyote_blog/2007/07/chapter-2-is-it.html]

 
1940's Socialist Party president Norman Thomas said, {{cquote| '''“The American people will never knowingly adopt socialism. But under the name of Liberalism, they will adopt every fragment of the socialist program until one day America will be a socialist nation without knowing how it happened.”'''}}

John Bellamy Foster editor of the Marxist magazine Monthly Review said in 2005, “The problem is capitalism. The only solution, as difficult as this may be to contemplate at the present time, is socialism.” <ref>[The Professors -- The 101 Most Dangerous Academics in America by David Horowitz]</ref>

==Socialism/Environment Quotes==
Havel Wolf member of the Seattle Audubon Society says “The Communist Party USA’s environmental program “presents a viable plan to carry out on the long march to socialism.” --1998

Gus Hall National chairman of the Communist Party, USA in 1972. “Human society cannot basically stop the destruction of the environment under capitalism. Socialism is the only structure that makes it possible.”

Christine Stewart Canadian Environment Minister said, “No matter if the science is all phony, there are collateral environmental benefits . . . Climate change provides the greatest chance to bring about justice and equality in the world.”

Louis Proyect of Columbia University, “The answer to global warming is in the abolition of private property and production for human need. A socialist world would place an enormous priority on alternative energy sources. This is what ecologically-minded socialists have been exploring for quite some time now.”

An article about global warming and socialism is not complete without the false prophet comments of [[Al Gore]] (1992), “We must take bold and unequivocal action: we must make the rescue of the environment the central organizing principle for civilization.”

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Socialism]]
[[Category:Global Warming]]

Damascene War

2009-01-11T02:27:25Z

DaveM:

The '''Damascene War''' was the first in a series of wars between the [[Ptolemy]]s and the [[Seleucids]] for control of [[Syria]] and [[Palestine]]. Fought from 280 to 279 B.C., in this conflict [[Ptolemy II]] defeated [[Antiochus I]].

==Sources==

Encyclopedia of Military History, Dupuy & Dupuy, 1979

[[Category: Wars]]

Religion in Russia

2009-01-11T01:09:32Z

DaveM:

[[Orthodox Christianity]] is the major [[religion]] in [[Russia]].<ref name=LOCRUSSIARELIGION>[http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+ru0078) Russia: Religion] ''Federal Research Division, Library of Congress''</ref> Approximately 15-20% of the total population practice [[Orthodox Christianity]].<ref name=CIARUSSIA>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/rs.html#People Russia] ''CIA - The World Factbook''</ref><ref name=CIARELIGION>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html Field Listing - Religions] ''CIA - The World Factbook''</ref> [[Islam]] is the second largest religion.<ref name=LOCRUSSIARELIGION/> Approximately 10-15% of the total population are Muslim.<ref name=CIARUSSIA/><ref name=CIARELIGION/>

The majority of the country's Muslims live in the Volga-Urals region and the North Caucasus.<ref name=STATERUSSIA>[http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2007/90196.htm International Religious Freedom Report 2007: Russia] ''United States Department of State''</ref> [[Moscow]], [[St. Petersburg]], and parts of [[Siberia]] also have large Muslim populations.<ref name=STATERUSSIA/> The country also has a small Jewish population, <ref name=LOCRUSSIARELIGION/> Approximately 600,000 Jews live in Russia and form 0.4% of the total population;<ref name=STATERUSSIA/> most of of them are concentrated in Moscow and St. Petersburg.<ref name=STATERUSSIA/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Russia]]
[[Category:Religion]]

Religion in Russia

2009-01-11T01:08:59Z

DaveM:

[[Orthodox Christianity]] is the major [[religion]] in [[Russia]].<ref name=LOCRUSSIARELIGION>[http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+ru0078) Russia: Religion] ''Federal Research Division, Library of Congress''</ref> Approximately 15-20% of the total population practice [[Orthodox Christianity]].<ref name=CIARUSSIA>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/rs.html#People Russia] ''CIA - The World Factbook''</ref><ref name=CIARELIGION>[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2122.html Field Listing - Religions] ''CIA - The World Factbook''</ref> [[Islam]] is the second largest religion.<ref name=LOCRUSSIARELIGION/> Approximately 10-15% of the total population are Muslim.<ref name=CIARUSSIA/><ref name=CIARELIGION/>

The majority of the country's Muslims live in the Volga-Urals region and the North Caucasus.<ref name=STATERUSSIA>[http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2007/90196.htm International Religious Freedom Report 2007: Russia] ''United States Department of State''</ref> [[Moscow]], [[St. Petersburg]], and parts of [[Siberia]] also have large Muslim populations.<ref name=STATERUSSIA/> The country also has a small Jewish population, <ref name=LOCRUSSIARELIGION/> Approximately 600,000 Jews live in Russia and form 0.4% of the total population.<ref name=STATERUSSIA/> most of which is concentrated in Moscow and St. Petersburg.<ref name=STATERUSSIA/>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Russia]]
[[Category:Religion]]

L.M. Montgomery

2009-01-11T01:02:49Z

DaveM:

==Biography==

[[Image:Lucy_Montgomery.jpg|thumb|200px|L.M. Montgomery]]
Best known for her novel ''[[Anne of Green Gables]]'', '''Lucy Maud Montgomery''' was born in [[Clifton]] (now [[New London]]) in [[Prince Edward Island]], on November 30, 1874. Lucy's mother, [[Clara Woolner Macneill Montgomery]], died of [[tuberculosis]] when Lucy was only 21 months old. Lucy's father, [[Hugh John Montgomery]], left the province after his wife's death and lived in the western territories of [[Canada]]. Lucy was then sent to live with her strict maternal grandparents, [[Alexander Marquis Macneill]] and [[Lucy Woolner Macneill]], in the community of [[Cavendish]]. In 1890 Lucy was sent to live in [[Prince Albert]], [[Saskatchewan]] with her father and stepmother. After one year, she went back to live with her grandparents.

In 1893, Lucy went to [[Prince of Wales College]] in [[Charlottetown]] after completing her grade school education in Cavendish. In 1895 and 1896 she studied literature at [[Dalhousie University]] in [[Halifax]], [[Nova Scotia]].

After teaching at various schools, in 1898 Lucy moved back to [[Cavendish]] to live with her widowed grandmother. For a short time she worked and lived in [[Halifax]] for newspapers ''Chronicle'' and ''Echo'', but in 1902 moved back in with her grandmother to care for her. There, in 1908, she wrote and published her first book, ''Anne of Green Gables''. After her grandmother's death three years later, Lucy married [[Ewan Macdonald]] (1870-1943), a Presbyterian minister. They then moved to [[Ontario]].

Lucy and Ewan had three sons, [[Chester Cameron Maconald]] (1912-1964), [[Stuart Mcdonald]] (1915-1982), and [[Hugh Alexander]], who died at birth in 1914.

Lucy wrote her next 11 books living in the [[Leaskdale]] [[manse]], now the [[Lucy Maud Montgomery Leaskdale Manse Museum]]. In 1926 the family moved to the [[Norval]] Presbyterian charge.

In 1942, Lucy Maud Montgomery died in [[Toronto]]. She was buried at [[Cavendish Community Cemetery in Cavendish]].

Over the course of her lifetime, L.M. Montgomery wrote twenty-three books of fiction, one poetry book, a book on courageous women, an autobiography, a life's worth of journals (5,000 pages), 450 poems, and over five hundred short stories.

==Novels==

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"
|+
|-
! Year Written !! Title
|-
| 1908 || ''[[Anne of Green Gables]]''
|-
| 1909 || ''[[Anne of Avonlea]]''
|-
| 1910 || ''[[Kilmeny of the Orchard]]''
|-
| 1911 || ''[[The Story Girl]]''
|-
| 1913 || ''[[The Golden Road]]''
|-
| 1915 || ''[[Anne of the Island]]''
|-
| 1917 || ''[[Anne's House of Dreams]]''
|-
| 1919 || ''[[Rainbow Valley]]''
|-
| 1921 || ''[[Rilla of Ingleside]]''
|-
| 1923 || ''[[Emily of New Moon]]''
|-
| 1925 || ''[[Emily Climbs]]''
|-
| 1926 || ''[[The Blue Castle]]''
|-
| 1927 || ''[[Emily's Quest]]''
|-
| 1929 || ''[[Magic for Marigold]]''
|-
| 1931 || ''[[A Tangled Web]]''
|-
| 1932 || ''[[Pat of Silver Web]]''
|-
| 1935 || ''[[Mistress Pat]]''
|-
| 1936 || ''[[Anne of Windy Poplars]]''
|-
| 1937 || ''[[Jane of Lantern Hill]]''
|-
| 1939 || ''[[Anne of Ingleside]]''
|}

==Short Story Collections==

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"
|+
|-
! Year Written !! Title
|-
| 1912 || ''[[Chronicles of Avonlea]]''
|-
| 1920 || ''[[Further Chronicles of Avonlea]]''
|-
| 1974 || ''[[The Road to Yesterday]]''
|-
| 1979 || ''[[The Doctor's Sweetheart]]''
|-
| 1988 || ''[[Akin to Anne: Tales of Other Orphans]]''
|-
| 1989 || ''[[Along the Shore: Tales by the Sea]]''
|-
| 1990 || ''[[Among the Shadows: Tales from the Darker Side]]''
|-
| 1991 || ''[[After Many Days: Tales of Time Passed]]''
|-
| 1993 || ''[[Against the Odds: Tales of Achievement]]''
|-
| 1994 || ''[[At the Altar: Matrimonial Tales]]''
|-
| 1995 || ''[[Across the Miles: Tales of Correspondence]]''
|-
| 1995 || ''[[Christmas with Anne and Other Holiday Stories]]''
|}

==Poetry==

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"
|+
|-
! Year Written !! Title
|-
| 1916 || ''[[The Watchmen & Other Poems]]''
|-
| 1887 || ''[[The Poetry of Lucy Maud Montgomery]]''
|}

==Non-fiction==

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"
|+
|-
! Year Written !! Title
|-
| 1934 || ''[[Courageous Women]]'' (With [[Marian Keith]] and [[Mabel Burns McKinley]]
|}

==Autobiography==

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left"
|+
|-
! Year Written !! Title
|-
| 1917 || ''[[The Alpine Path: The Story of My Career]]''
|}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Montgoery, L. M.}}
[[Category:Women Authors]]

User talk:DaveM

2009-01-11T00:59:17Z

DaveM:

{{welcome|sig=[[User:JY23|JY23]] 19:57, 10 January 2009 (EST)}}
Thank you. -Dave.

Dalai Lama

2009-01-11T00:54:51Z

DaveM:

[[Image:DalaiLama.jpg|right|thumb|Tenzin Gyatso, 14th Dalai Lama]]
The '''Dalai Lama''' is regarded by [[Tibet]]an [[Buddhists]] as one of a succession of [[incarnations]] of the [[Bodhisattva]] of compassion, Chenrezig ("the Seeing-Eye" Lord), who has long been considered to be the patron [[deity]] of Tibet.

The current Dalai Lama, [[Tenzin Gyatso]], is the fourteenth and is both the head of state of Tibet and the spiritual leader of Tibetan Buddhism. He has lived in [[exile]] in [[Dharamsala]], [[India]], since 1959 due to the [[China|Chinese]] invasion of Tibet. Dharamsala is the current location of the [http://www.tibet.com/DL/ Tibetan Government in Exile].

In 1989 he was awarded the [[Nobel Prize|Nobel Peace Prize]] for leading the non-violent struggle for the liberation of Tibet from [[China|Chinese]] [[communist]] oppression. He has consistently advocated policies of non-violence, even in the face of extreme aggression. He also became the first [[Nobel Laureate]] to be recognized for his concern for global environmental problems.<ref>http://www.dalailama.com/page.105.htm</ref>

In May of 1995, the Dalai Lama recognized six-year-old Gedhun Choekyi Nyima as the reincarnation of the [[Panchen Lama]]. (Custom dictates that only the Dalai Lama can recognize the reincarnation of the next Panchen Lama, and vice versa.) Days later, the boy and his family were taken into custody by the Chinese government. In November, the government nominated its own puppet Panchen Lama. Despite appeals, the Chinese government has not allowed any outside contact with the kidnapped boy or his family.<ref>http://www.panchenlama.info/</ref>

<blockquote>
''"Happiness is not something ready made. It comes from your own actions."''
</blockquote>

==Dalai Lama on Abstinence==

The Dalai Lama has proclaimed a firm position in favor of [[abstinence]], showing that the wisdom of abstaining until marriage is central to many religions around the world. He said, "Sexual pressure, sexual desire, actually I think is short period satisfaction and often, that leads to more complication."<ref>[http://www.breitbart.com/article.php?id=081128183857.lgjbvt92&show_article=1 Sex invariably spells trouble, says Dalai Lama] Nov 28, 2008.</ref>

==External links==
*[http://news.minnesota.publicradio.org/features/200105/07_newsroom_dalai/bios.shtml Thirteen Previous Dalai Lamas]
*[http://www.dalailama.com/ Official web page of the 14th Dalai Lama]
*[http://www.writespirit.net/authors/dalai_lama/dalai_quotes_happiness Dalai Lama Quotes - Happiness]
*[http://www.tibet.com/DL/biography.html The Dalai Lama's biography]

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Nobel laureates in Peace]]
[[Category:Buddhism]]
[[Category:International Political Figures]]

Dalai Lama

2009-01-11T00:54:26Z

DaveM:

[[Image:DalaiLama.jpg|right|thumb|Tenzin Gyatso, 14th Dalai Lama]]
The '''Dalai Lama''' is regarded by [[Tibet]]an [[Buddhists]] as one of a succession of [[incarnations]] of the [[Bodhisattva]] of compassion, Chenrezig ("the Seeing-Eye" Lord), who has long been considered to be the patron [[deity]] of Tibet.

The current Dalai Lama, [[Tenzin Gyatso]], is the fourteenth and is both the head of state of Tibet and the spiritual leader of Tibetan Buddhism. He has lived in [[exile]] in [[Dharamsala]], [[India]], since 1959 due to the [[China|Chinese]] invasion of Tibet. Dharamsala is the current location of the [http://www.tibet.com/DL/ Tibetan Government in Exile].

In 1989 he was awarded the [[Nobel Prize|Nobel Peace Prize]] for leading the non-violent struggle for the liberation of Tibet from [[China|Chinese]] [[communist]] oppressin. He has consistently advocated policies of non-violence, even in the face of extreme aggression. He also became the first [[Nobel Laureate]] to be recognized for his concern for global environmental problems.<ref>http://www.dalailama.com/page.105.htm</ref>

In May of 1995, the Dalai Lama recognized six-year-old Gedhun Choekyi Nyima as the reincarnation of the [[Panchen Lama]]. (Custom dictates that only the Dalai Lama can recognize the reincarnation of the next Panchen Lama, and vice versa.) Days later, the boy and his family were taken into custody by the Chinese government. In November, the government nominated its own puppet Panchen Lama. Despite appeals, the Chinese government has not allowed any outside contact with the kidnapped boy or his family.<ref>http://www.panchenlama.info/</ref>

<blockquote>
''"Happiness is not something ready made. It comes from your own actions."''
</blockquote>

==Dalai Lama on Abstinence==

The Dalai Lama has proclaimed a firm position in favor of [[abstinence]], showing that the wisdom of abstaining until marriage is central to many religions around the world. He said, "Sexual pressure, sexual desire, actually I think is short period satisfaction and often, that leads to more complication."<ref>[http://www.breitbart.com/article.php?id=081128183857.lgjbvt92&show_article=1 Sex invariably spells trouble, says Dalai Lama] Nov 28, 2008.</ref>

==External links==
*[http://news.minnesota.publicradio.org/features/200105/07_newsroom_dalai/bios.shtml Thirteen Previous Dalai Lamas]
*[http://www.dalailama.com/ Official web page of the 14th Dalai Lama]
*[http://www.writespirit.net/authors/dalai_lama/dalai_quotes_happiness Dalai Lama Quotes - Happiness]
*[http://www.tibet.com/DL/biography.html The Dalai Lama's biography]

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Nobel laureates in Peace]]
[[Category:Buddhism]]
[[Category:International Political Figures]]