Conservapedia - User contributions [en]

Distributism

2008-05-04T22:33:17Z

Dane:

'''Distributism''' is an economic philosophy, developed especially by two English Catholic writers, G.K. Chesterton and Hilaire Belloc. It advocates a society of widely distributed private property. It opposes both of the major streams modern economic thought, collectivist (communism, socialism) and individualist (lassie faire capitalism). It advocates that property, in particular productive property, be neither held soley by the state, nor concentrated in the hands a few wealthy capitalists and corporations, but be rather in the hands of individual men and women, and families.

One holding such position does not necessarily advocate a policy of confiscation to attain such a society. Part of achieving it may well be simply taking away the perks the government gives to big business.

To a capitalist objection that such an ideal is contrary to free competition a Distributist might reply that competition within a well regulated framework is a good thing. But if competition is left compleatly unregulated a few individuals may gain the upper hand, and gain such ecconomic power as to keep other players off the field, and so, in the end, competition must not be allowed completely free reign if only in order that healthy competition may be maintained.

[[Category:Philosophy]]

Distributism

2008-05-04T22:30:43Z

Dane:

'''Distributism''' is an economic philosophy, developed especially by two English Catholic writers, G.K. Chesterton and Hilaire Belloc. It takes inspiration partialy from the Social Magesterium of the Catholic Church, presented in Encyclicals such as Rerum Novarum and Quadragisimo Anno. It advocates a society of widely distributed private property. It opposes both of the major streams modern economic thought, both the collectivist (communism, socialism) and individualist (lassie faire capitalism). It advocates that property (in particular productive) be neither held soley by the state, nor concentrated in the hands a few wealthy capitalists and corporations, but be rather in the hands of individual men and women, and families.

One holding such position does not necessarily advocate a policy of confiscation to attain such a society. Part of achieving it may well be simply taking away the perks the government gives to big business.

To a capitalist objection that such an ideal is contrary to free competition a Distributist might reply that competition within a well regulated framework is a good thing. But if competition is left compleatly unregulated a few individuals may gain the upper hand, and gain such ecconomic power as to keep other players off the field, and so, in the end, competition must not be allowed completely free reign if only in order that healthy competition may be maintained.

[[Category:Philosophy]]

Distributism

2008-05-04T22:29:27Z

Dane:

'''Distributism''' is an economic philosophy, developed especially by two English Catholic writers, G.K. Chesterton and Hilaire Belloc. It takes inspiration partialy from the Social Magesterium of the Catholic Church, presented in Encyclicals such as Rerum Novarum and Quadragisimo Anno. It advocates a society of widely distributed private property. It opposes both of the major streams modern economic thought, both the collectivist (communism, socialism) and individualist (lassie faire capitalism). It advocates that property (in particular productive) be neither held soley by the state, nor concentrated in the hands a few wealthy capitalists and corporations, but be rather in the hands of individual men and women, and families.

One holding such position does not necessarily advocate a policy of confiscation to attain such a society. Part of achieving it may well be simply taking away the perks the government gives to big business.

To a capitalist objection that such an ideal is contrary to free competition a Distributist might reply that competition within a regulated framework is a good thing. But if competition is unregulated a few individuals may gain the upper hand, and gain such ecconomic power as to keep other players off the field, and so, in the end, competition must not be allowed completely free reign if only in order that healthy competition may be maintained.

[[Category:Philosophy]]

St. Thomas Aquinas

2008-04-30T19:49:34Z

Dane:

{{Christianity}}
[[Image:Saint Thomas Aquinas.jpg|left|thumb|St. Thomas Aquinas]]
'''St. Thomas Aquinas''' (1225-1274) "The Angelic Doctor" was a [[Dominican]] friar who wrote [[Summa Theologica]]. Many consider this to be the most perfect and complete summary of [[Christian]] [[theology]], and he established an entire type of Christian [[philosophy]] known as "Thomism", which is followed to this day. Aquinas was somewhat controversial during his life, but was quickly revered by the [[Catholic Church]] after his death. Many of the controversies surrounding Aquinas stem from his synthesis of [[Aristotle]]an philosophy with Christian philosophy, causing him to break with many of the traditionally held philosophical and theological positions espoused by the dominant Augustinian synthesis of Neoplatonic philosophy and Christianity.

He developed five proofs for the existence of [[God]] using logic. The first three were "cosmological" proofs rather than the "ontological" approach of [[St. Anselm]]. A cosmological proof deals with the natural order of the universe. Aquinas' most famous cosmological argument was that whatever is in motion (for example, us) must have been put in motion by something else (our parents). They, in turn, must have been put in motion by something else (their parents). But this sequence cannot go on to infinity. There must have been a first mover. This we call "God".

Saint Thomas had a different view of the fall than [[Calvin]] or [[Luther]]. He did not view man as totally depraved. His will was weakened and his intellect clouded, nontheless his nature is not totaly corrupted, for as created by God it is still basically good. Nevertheless man cannot attain to [[salvation]] on his own but is in need of [[grace]]. Though the intellect is clouded, unassisted human reason can still attain to many of the truths about God. For instance the existance of God can be shown from the nature of the created [[universe]]. Nontheless certain things are only knowable through [[Divine Revelation]] such as the doctrine of the [[Blessed Trinity]]. Because of his view of the power of the human mind, though harmed by the fall, yet not totaly destroyed, the works of the classical, secular philosophers could be brought into the service of Christian theology. [[Charles Murray]] wrote, "Aquinas made the case, eventually adopted by the Church, that human intelligence is a gift from God, and that to apply human intelligence to understanding the world is not an affront to God but is pleasing to him." <ref>http://www.amconmag.com/11_17_03/review.html</ref>

Concerning the nature of God, Aquinas found that the best approach, commonly called the "via negativa", is to consider what God is not. This led him to propose five positive statements about the divine qualities:

*1. God is simple, without composition of parts, such as body and soul, or matter and form.
*2. God is perfect, lacking nothing. That is, God is distinguished from other beings on account of God's complete actuality.
*3. God is infinite. That is, God is not finite in the ways that created beings are physically, intellectually, and emotionally limited. This infinity is to be distinguished from infinity of size and infinity of number.
*4. God is immutable, incapable of change on the levels of God's essence and character.
*5. God is one, without diversification within God's self. The unity of God is such that God's essence is the same as God's existence. In Aquinas's words, "in itself the proposition 'God exists' is necessarily true, for in it subject and predicate are the same."

St. Thomas Aquinas is further known for his famous observation that the [[Devil]] cannot withstand mockery.

==References==

<References/>

==External links==
*[http://www.amconmag.com/11_17_03/review.html Culture's Bell Curve] - a review of [[Charles Murray]]'s ''[[Human Accomplishment]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Aquinas, St. Thomas}}

[[Category:Catholic Leaders]]

St. Thomas Aquinas

2008-04-30T19:47:21Z

Dane:

{{Christianity}}
[[Image:Saint Thomas Aquinas.jpg|left|thumb|St. Thomas Aquinas]]
'''St. Thomas Aquinas''' (1225-1274) "The Angelic Doctor" was a [[Dominican]] friar who wrote [[Summa Theologica]]. Many consider this to be the most perfect and complete summary of [[Christian]] [[theology]], and he established an entire type of Christian [[philosophy]] known as "Thomism", which is followed to this day. Aquinas was somewhat controversial during his life, but was quickly revered by the [[Catholic Church]] after his death. Many of the controversies surrounding Aquinas stem from his synthesis of [[Aristotle]]an philosophy with Christian philosophy, causing him to break with many of the traditionally held philosophical and theological positions espoused by the dominant Augustinian synthesis of Neoplatonic philosophy and Christianity.

He developed five proofs for the existence of [[God]] using logic. The first three were "cosmological" proofs rather than the "ontological" approach of [[St. Anselm]]. A cosmological proof deals with the natural order of the universe. Aquinas' most famous cosmological argument was that whatever is in motion (for example, us) must have been put in motion by something else (our parents). They, in turn, must have been put in motion by something else (their parents). But this sequence cannot go on to infinity. There must have been a first mover. This we call "God".

Saint Thomas had a different view of the fall than [[Calvin]] or [[Luther]]. He did not view man as totally depraved. His will was weakened and his intellect clouded, nontheless his nature is not totaly corrupted, for as created by God it is still basically good. Nevertheless man cannot attain to [[salvation]] on his own but is in need of [[grace]]. Though the intellect is clouded, unassisted human reason can still attain to many of the truths about God. For instance the existance of God can be shown from the nature of the created [[universe]]. Nontheless certain things are only knowable through [[Divine Revelation]] such as the doctrine of the [[Blessed Trinity]]. Because of his view of the power of the human mind though harmed by the fall, yet not totaly destroyed, the works of the classical, secular philosophers could be brought into the service of Christian theology. [[Charles Murray]] wrote, "Aquinas made the case, eventually adopted by the Church, that human intelligence is a gift from God, and that to apply human intelligence to understanding the world is not an affront to God but is pleasing to him." <ref>http://www.amconmag.com/11_17_03/review.html</ref>

Concerning the nature of God, Aquinas found that the best approach, commonly called the "via negativa", is to consider what God is not. This led him to propose five positive statements about the divine qualities:

*1. God is simple, without composition of parts, such as body and soul, or matter and form.
*2. God is perfect, lacking nothing. That is, God is distinguished from other beings on account of God's complete actuality.
*3. God is infinite. That is, God is not finite in the ways that created beings are physically, intellectually, and emotionally limited. This infinity is to be distinguished from infinity of size and infinity of number.
*4. God is immutable, incapable of change on the levels of God's essence and character.
*5. God is one, without diversification within God's self. The unity of God is such that God's essence is the same as God's existence. In Aquinas's words, "in itself the proposition 'God exists' is necessarily true, for in it subject and predicate are the same."

St. Thomas Aquinas is further known for his famous observation that the [[Devil]] cannot withstand mockery.

==References==

<References/>

==External links==
*[http://www.amconmag.com/11_17_03/review.html Culture's Bell Curve] - a review of [[Charles Murray]]'s ''[[Human Accomplishment]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Aquinas, St. Thomas}}

[[Category:Catholic Leaders]]

St. Thomas Aquinas

2008-04-30T19:47:08Z

Dane:

{{Christianity}}
[[Image:Saint Thomas Aquinas.jpg|left|thumb|St. Thomas Aquinas]]
'''St. Thomas Aquinas''' (1225-1274)"The Angelic Doctor" was a [[Dominican]] friar who wrote [[Summa Theologica]]. Many consider this to be the most perfect and complete summary of [[Christian]] [[theology]], and he established an entire type of Christian [[philosophy]] known as "Thomism", which is followed to this day. Aquinas was somewhat controversial during his life, but was quickly revered by the [[Catholic Church]] after his death. Many of the controversies surrounding Aquinas stem from his synthesis of [[Aristotle]]an philosophy with Christian philosophy, causing him to break with many of the traditionally held philosophical and theological positions espoused by the dominant Augustinian synthesis of Neoplatonic philosophy and Christianity.

He developed five proofs for the existence of [[God]] using logic. The first three were "cosmological" proofs rather than the "ontological" approach of [[St. Anselm]]. A cosmological proof deals with the natural order of the universe. Aquinas' most famous cosmological argument was that whatever is in motion (for example, us) must have been put in motion by something else (our parents). They, in turn, must have been put in motion by something else (their parents). But this sequence cannot go on to infinity. There must have been a first mover. This we call "God".

Saint Thomas had a different view of the fall than [[Calvin]] or [[Luther]]. He did not view man as totally depraved. His will was weakened and his intellect clouded, nontheless his nature is not totaly corrupted, for as created by God it is still basically good. Nevertheless man cannot attain to [[salvation]] on his own but is in need of [[grace]]. Though the intellect is clouded, unassisted human reason can still attain to many of the truths about God. For instance the existance of God can be shown from the nature of the created [[universe]]. Nontheless certain things are only knowable through [[Divine Revelation]] such as the doctrine of the [[Blessed Trinity]]. Because of his view of the power of the human mind though harmed by the fall, yet not totaly destroyed, the works of the classical, secular philosophers could be brought into the service of Christian theology. [[Charles Murray]] wrote, "Aquinas made the case, eventually adopted by the Church, that human intelligence is a gift from God, and that to apply human intelligence to understanding the world is not an affront to God but is pleasing to him." <ref>http://www.amconmag.com/11_17_03/review.html</ref>

Concerning the nature of God, Aquinas found that the best approach, commonly called the "via negativa", is to consider what God is not. This led him to propose five positive statements about the divine qualities:

*1. God is simple, without composition of parts, such as body and soul, or matter and form.
*2. God is perfect, lacking nothing. That is, God is distinguished from other beings on account of God's complete actuality.
*3. God is infinite. That is, God is not finite in the ways that created beings are physically, intellectually, and emotionally limited. This infinity is to be distinguished from infinity of size and infinity of number.
*4. God is immutable, incapable of change on the levels of God's essence and character.
*5. God is one, without diversification within God's self. The unity of God is such that God's essence is the same as God's existence. In Aquinas's words, "in itself the proposition 'God exists' is necessarily true, for in it subject and predicate are the same."

St. Thomas Aquinas is further known for his famous observation that the [[Devil]] cannot withstand mockery.

==References==

<References/>

==External links==
*[http://www.amconmag.com/11_17_03/review.html Culture's Bell Curve] - a review of [[Charles Murray]]'s ''[[Human Accomplishment]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Aquinas, St. Thomas}}

[[Category:Catholic Leaders]]

User talk:Dane

2008-04-30T19:45:21Z

Dane:

Why did you create a page and then blank it? --[[User:Ed Poor|Ed Poor]] <sup>[[User talk:Ed Poor|Talk]]</sup> 11:48, 29 April 2008 (EDT)

== Why I blanked my page ==

I thought that I found another page labeled "Saint Bonaventure" which would make the "St. Bonaventure" page extraneous, but I was wrong so I'll redo the "St. Bonaventure." I didn't think about what I was doing to well, I wasn't intending "vandalism" though. I'll have to rememember not to do anything like that again.

:Oh, well maybe I was too hasty myself. --[[User:Ed Poor|Ed Poor]] <sup>[[User talk:Ed Poor|Talk]]</sup> 14:28, 30 April 2008 (EDT)

Thank's, I am at least impresed by how fast you could respond.

St. Bonaventure

2008-04-29T18:27:18Z

Dane:

Saint Bonaventure along with St. Thomas and Bl. Duns Scotis is one of the most famous "Doctors" of the medieval scolastics. He is also one of the Thirty Three Doctors of the Catholic Church. Bonaventure was a franciscan, at one time even the general of the Franciscan order. Like the Franciscans in general his theology focused on the more "affective" and "mystical" side of the Christian faith on the will and love. The emphasis of the Dominicans including saint Thomas lay more with the intelect and truth. Of course these two should not be radicly opposed, the ultimate truth of the Christian faith is that "God is love," and in spreading the Gospel we are called to, "speak the truth in love."

St. Bonaventure

2008-04-29T18:26:23Z

Dane:

Saint Bonaventure along with St. Thomas and Bl. Duns Scotis is one of the most famous "Doctors" of the medieval scolastics. He is also one of the Thirty Three Doctors of the Catholic Church. Bonaventure was a franciscan at one time even the general of the Franciscan order. Like the Franciscans in general his theology focused on the more "affective" and "mystical" side of the Christian faith on the will and love. The emphasis of the Dominicans including saint Thomas lay more with the intelect and truth. Of course these two should not be radicly opposed, the ultimate truth of the Christian faith is that "God is love," and in spreading the Gospel we are called to "speak the truth in love."

Blessed Duns Scotis

2008-04-29T18:17:52Z

Dane:

Blessed Duns Scotis is one of the famous "Doctors" of the medieval scolastic. He is called the "Subtle Doctor," like St. Thomas is called the "Angelic Doctor," and Bonaventure the, "Seraphic Doctor." The Philosophy he developed is slightly different and somtimes opposed to that of St. Thomas, yet both are considered important elements in the Catholic Philosophical and Theological Traditions. Scotis is probably most famous for his finding a way to reconcile the doctrins of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary and the redemption wrought by her Son, somthing that Bonaventure and Thomas, could not find. He said that Mary was was concieved without sin by a special grace "in anticipation" of the Redemption to be wroght by Christ, this theological explanation, which resolved the tension that had been present in earlier discussions, was eventualy what gained the acceptance of the doctrine as a dogma of the Catholic Church.

Blessed Duns Scotis

2008-04-29T18:17:18Z

Dane:

Blessed Duns Scotis is one of the famous "Doctors" of the medieval scolastic. He is called the "Subtle Doctor," like St. Thomas is called the "Angelic Doctor," and Bonaventure the "Seraphic Doctor." The Philosophy he developed is slightly different and somtimes opposed to that of St. Thomas, yet both are considered important ment in the Catholic Philosophical and Theological Traditions. Scotis is probably most famous for his finding a way to reconcile the doctrins of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary and the redemption wrought by her Son, somthing that Bonaventure and Thomas, could not find. He said that Mary was was concieved without sin by a special grace "in anticipation" of the Redemption to be wroght by Christ, this theological explanation, which resolved the tension that had been present in earlier discussions, was eventualy what gained the acceptance of the doctrine as a dogma of the Catholic Church.

Blessed Duns Scotis

2008-04-29T18:16:58Z

Dane: New page: Blessed Duns Scotis is one of the famous "Doctors" of the midieval scolastic. He is called the "Subtle Doctor," like St. Thomas is called the "Angelic Doctor," and Bonaventure the "Seraphi...

Blessed Duns Scotis is one of the famous "Doctors" of the midieval scolastic. He is called the "Subtle Doctor," like St. Thomas is called the "Angelic Doctor," and Bonaventure the "Seraphic Doctor." The Philosophy he developed is slightly different and somtimes opposed to that of St. Thomas, yet both are considered important ment in the Catholic Philosophical and Theological Traditions. Scotis is probably most famous for his finding a way to reconcile the doctrins of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary and the redemption wrought by her Son, somthing that Bonaventure and Thomas, could not find. He said that Mary was was concieved without sin by a special grace "in anticipation" of the Redemption to be wroght by Christ, this theological explanation, which resolved the tension that had been present in earlier discussions, was eventualy what gained the acceptance of the doctrine as a dogma of the Catholic Church.

User talk:Dane

2008-04-29T18:04:53Z

Dane: Why I blanked my page

St. Bonaventure

2008-04-29T15:16:32Z

Dane: Removing all content from page

Catholic Church

2008-04-28T20:44:43Z

Dane: /* Catholic Growth in the Imperial Decline */

{{Christianity}}
[[Image:Murillo Inmaculada de El Escorial.jpg|left|140px]]
The '''Catholic Church''' is the largest [[Christianity|Christian]] denomination in the world, with over one billion adherents.<ref>http://www.adherents.com/adh_branches.html#Christianity</ref> It comprises one of the three great divisions of Christianity, together with [[Protestantism]] and [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodoxy]].

The Church consists of those Christians who are in full communion with the Bishop of [[Rome]], who is generally called the [[Pope]], currently [[Pope Benedict XVI]]. The Church teaches that the Pope is the successor of [[St. Peter]], whom Catholics regard as the original leader of Christ's [[apostle|apostles]] and as the first Bishop of [[Rome]].

The Pope and the rest of the international leadership of the Church are based in [[Vatican City]] in Rome. Vatican City is an independent state in its own right, and is the smallest state in the world in terms both of geography and of population.

The split between Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy dates to the eleventh century. The split between Catholicism and Protestantism occurred some time later, in the sixteenth century. It is generally known as the "[[Reformation]]", though Catholics sometimes refer to it as the "Protestant Revolt". The principal issues of contention between Catholics and Protestants are known as ''[[sola scriptura]]'' (the doctrine that the Bible alone is the final authority for Christians, which denies the authority of the Church) and ''sola fide'' (the doctrine, popularized by [[Martin Luther]], that faith alone, as opposed to faith expressed in good works, is sufficient for salvation).

The Catholic Church has a complex hierarchy of clergy, including:
* The Pope
*[[Cardinal]]s
*[[Archbishop]]s
*[[Bishop]]s
*[[Abbot]]s
*[[Monsignor|Monsignori]]
*[[Archpriest]]s
*[[Priest]]s
*[[Deacon]]s

=="Roman Catholic" versus "Catholic"==

The term "catholic" (from the Greek ''katholikos'') means "universal", and its roots in ecclesiastical parlance go back to the early years of Christianity. Some Protestants believe that (Roman) Catholics do not have the right to monopolize the term, and so prefix it with the adjective "Roman". Some Catholics object to this nomenclature, precisely because it denies the status of the (Roman) Catholic Church as ''the'' universal Church of Christ. Historically speaking, the term "Roman Catholic" was coined in nineteenth-century Britain as a [[euphemism]] to replace insulting terms such as "papist" that had previously been in use.

The Catholic Church is made up of thirty-one distinct branches or "rites", including the Byzantine Rite, the Ambrosian Rite (only in [[Lombardy]], a northern [[Italy|Italian]] region) and the Maronite Rite. By far the largest Rite, and the most prevalent in the West, is the Latin Rite, and Catholics sometimes use the term "Roman Catholic" to denote this component of the Church.

== History ==

=== Early Years ===
The Catholic Church traces its authority to Jesus through the apostle [[Peter]]. The Church sees the Bishops
as the natural successors to the apostles, and reasons that since Peter was the leader of the apostles, Peter's
successors should lead the Bishops and hence all of Christianity.<ref>http://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG0015/__P2A.HTM</ref>

=== Catholic Growth in the Imperial Decline ===
Until the early fourth century AD Christianity enjoyed mixed reception in the Roman Empire and Christians were frequently subject to persecution. In the 310s Christianity became legalized and shortly thereafter became officially recognized by Constantine. In the following years Christianity in general and Catholicism in particular became increasingly powerful in the Roman Empire, although [[Arianism]] remained strong. In 380 AD, [[Theodosius I]] established the Catholic Church as the official religion of the Roman Empire. While the Empire continued to decline, Catholicism and Christianity continued to grow both among those directly under the Empire and among the barbarians until Rome was sacked by [[Alaric]] in 410. Alaric was an Arian Christian. After the collapse of the Western Empire, the Catholic Church became the most powerful political and religious force in Latin-speaking Europe and by the 8th century had achieved near total religious dominance with the removal of the last significant Arian groups.

=== Great Schism ===

During the 11th century, the [[Great Schism]] occurred between the church in the West and [[Eastern Orthodox Church]]. This schism occurred over a variety of issues, especially those dealing with how much authority the Pope had. The causes were not purely religious, but cultural and geographic elements also played a role. Although later attempts at reconciliation occurred, such as at the [[Council of Basel]], the two remain separate to this day although both accept many of each others sacraments.

=== Late Middle Ages ===

Beginning in 1092 and continuing until the end of the 13th century, the Crusades occurred. These were a series of religious wars instigated by the Church against various other groups, especially the Muslims. Despite the focus on removing Islamic control of the Holy Land, the Crusaders massacred Jews and sacked Constantinople.

During this time period, the [[Inquisition]]s started and would continue through the Protestant Reformation. The medieval inquisition focused on rooting out Cathars, while the later inquisitions such as the [[Spanish Inquisition]] focused on people who were believed to be secretly practicing [[Judaism]] or [[Islam]].

===Reformation===

In 1517, [[Martin Luther]] started the [[Protestant Reformation]] which initially focused on the giving of [[indulgences]] but eventually grew to have a wide variety of different causes and issues. Eventually, Protestants rejected the notions of saintly intercession, the authority of the pope and many of the sacraments. This eventually led to a series of religious wars in [[Europe]] and the Protestant-Catholic split became one of the dominant themes in European events until modern times.

=== Modernity ===

Centuries XVIII and XIX brought to the Church new challenges: [[Enlightenment]] and [[Modernism]] teachings about the nature of the human person, and the [[Industrial Revolution]] with the increased concern about the conditions of urban workers.

===Vatican II===

The [[Second Ecumenical Council of the Vatican]] (commonly called [[Vatican II]]), which was in session from 1962 to 1965, made major changes to official Catholic theology and liturgy. Liturgical changes included the introduction of the possibility of having Mass in local languages instead of entirely in Latin. Theologically, the council continued the importance of [[Mary]] while also adding a new emphasis on individual and personal holiness. Most controversially, the council opened the possibility of salvation for Jews, Muslims, Protestants and Bahaists.

Reactions among Catholics to Vatican II fall into roughly three camps. "Liberal" Catholics, drawing on the established Catholic belief in the "journeying" nature of the Church, see Vatican II and the new period that it marked in Catholic history as representing a significant advancement in our understanding of the divine revelation contained in the [[Gospels]] which justifies major changes in Catholic belief and practice. "Conservative" Catholics (including the recent popes) hold that the decrees of the Council, properly understood, are wholly in line with the historic Catholic faith, and that they should not be used as an excuse for unwarranted innovations. "Traditional" (or "traditionalist") Catholics regard the teachings of Vatican II as problematic, or even as heretical.

==Sacraments==

The Roman Catholic Church has seven sacraments:
*[[Baptism]]
*[[Confirmation]]
*[[Holy Eucharist]]
*[[Reconciliation]]
*[[Anointing of the Sick]]
*[[Matrimony]]
*[[Holy Orders]]<ref>Which sacraments are recognized is one of the important distinctions between the theology of different Christian denominations. Many Protestant denominations follow Luther and recognize only Baptism, Eucharist, and Penance.</ref>

== See also ==
[[Image:Catholic.jpg|right|Catholic life]]
*[[Catholicism]]
*[[Conservative Links]]

== External links ==

*[http://www.catholic.org/prayers/ Prayers] Catholic Online.
*[http://www.catholic.org/index.php Catholic News]
*[http://catholic.net/ Catholic.net]

==Notes and references==
<references/>

[[Category:Christian Denominations]]
[[Category:Catholic Church]]

Distributism

2008-04-28T20:42:57Z

Dane:

Distributism is a philosophy, developed especialy by two English Catholic writers, G.K. Chesterton and Hilaire Belloc, taking inspiration from the Social Magesterium of the Catholic Church (presented in Encyclicals such as Rerum Novarum and Quadragisimo Anno), it advocates a philsophy of widspread ''private property.'' It opposes both of the major economic philosophies of the Modern world both collectivist (communism, socialism) and individualist (lassie faire capitalism). It advocates that property (both personal and productive) be concentrated neither in the hands of the state, nor in the hands a few wealthy capitalists and corporations, but be rather in the hands of individual men and families. One holding this possition does not necessarily advocate a policy of confiscation to attain such a society. One part of acieving it may well be simply taking away the perks the goverment gives to big buisness. To a capitalist objection that such an ideal is contrary to free competition a Distributist might reply that competion within a regulated framework is good. But if unregulated a few individuals may gain control, and practicly eliminate competition, and so in the end, competion must not be alowed compleatly free reign in order that healthy competition may be maintained.

Distributism

2008-04-28T20:42:32Z

Dane:

Distributism

2008-04-28T20:40:51Z

Dane:

Distributism

2008-04-28T20:37:11Z

Dane: New page: Distributism is a philosophy, developed especialy by two English Catholic writers, G.K. Chesterton and Hilaire Belloc, inspired by the Social Magesterium of the Catholic Church (presented ...

Distributism is a philosophy, developed especialy by two English Catholic writers, G.K. Chesterton and Hilaire Belloc, inspired by the Social Magesterium of the Catholic Church (presented in Encyclicals such as Rerum Novarum and Quadragisimo Anno), it advocates a philsophy of widspread ''private property.'' It opposes both of the major economic philosophies of the Modern world both collectivist (communism, socialism) and individualist (lassie faire capitalism). It advocates that property (both personal and productive) be concentrated neither in the hands of the state, nor in the hands a few wealthy Capitalists and corporations, but be rather in the hands of individual men and families. One holding this possition does not necessarily advocate for this a policy of confiscation to atain such a society. To a capitalist objection that such an ideal is contrary to free competition a Distributist might reply that if competion within a regulated framework is good. But if unregulated a few individuals may gain control, and practicly eliminate competition, and so in the end, competion must not be alowed compleatly free reign in order that the true good of competition not be compromised.

St. Bonaventure

2008-04-28T20:23:46Z

Dane:

St. Bonaventure is a doctor of the Catholic Church. Like some of the other medieval doctors such as Blessed Duns Scotis and St. Thomas Aquinas he has a nickname atatched to his title of "doctor" he is the "Seraphic doctor" like his contemporary Aquinas was the "Angelic Doctor" and Scotis the "Subtle Doctor." His title "Seraphic Doctor" designates his emphasis on love (like the seraphim the "firey ones" who are consumed in the Divine love.) Like the Franciscan school in general (as distinct from the Dominican school and St. Thomas in particular, whose emphasis was on truth and the intelect,) Bonaventure emphasis was more on the affective side, on the will and love. Of course these two emphasis are not opposed but rather complement one annoter for the deepest truth of the Christ faith is that "God is Love" (which implies the Trinity) and man is called to "speak the truth in love," in his proclemation of the Gospel. The Church has emphasized the need to look at both of these Doctors, the "Angelic" and the "Seriphic," for a deeper understanding of her heart and mind in the examination of the deposite of faith. There are many variants in emphasis in these two doctors, and that will have to be brought out further.

St. Bonaventure

2008-04-28T20:23:28Z

Dane:

St. Bonaventure is a doctor of the Catholic Church. Like some of the other medieval doctors such as Blessed Duns Scotis and St. Thomas Aquinas he has a nickname atatched to his title of "doctor" he is the "Seraphic doctor" like his contemporary Aquinas was the "Angelic Doctor" and Scotis the "Subtle Doctor." His title "Seraphic Doctor" designates his emphasis on love (like the seraphim the "firey ones" who are consumed in the Divine love.) Like the Franciscan school in general (as distinct from the Dominican school and St. Thomas in particular, whose emphasis was on truth and the intelect,)Bonaventure emphasis was more on the affective side, on the will and love. Of course these two emphasis are not opposed but rather complement one annoter for the deepest truth of the Christ faith is that "God is Love" (which implies the Trinity) and man is called to "speak the truth in love," in his proclemation of the Gospel. The Church has emphasized the need to look at both of these Doctors, the "Angelic" and the "Seriphic," for a deeper understanding of her heart and mind in the examination of the deposite of faith. There are many variants in emphasis in these two doctors, and that will have to be brought out further.

St. Bonaventure

2008-04-28T20:21:08Z

Dane: New page: St. Bonaventure is a doctor of the Catholic Church. Like some of the other medieval doctors such as Blessed Duns Scotis and St. Thomas Aquinas he has a nickname atatched to his title of "d...

St. Bonaventure is a doctor of the Catholic Church. Like some of the other medieval doctors such as Blessed Duns Scotis and St. Thomas Aquinas he has a nickname atatched to his title of "doctor" he is the "Seraphic doctor" like his contemporary Aquinas was the "Angelic Doctor" and Scotis the "Subtle Doctor." His title "Seraphic Doctor" designates his emphasis on love (like the seraphim the "firey ones" who are consumed in the Divine love.) Like the Franciscan school in general (as distinct from the Dominican school and St. Thomas in particular, whose emphasis was on truth and the intelect) Bonaventure emphasis was more on the affective side, on the will and love. Of course these two emphasis are not opposed but rather complement onea annoter for the deepest truth of the Christ faith is that "God is Love" (which implies the Trinity) and man is called in "speak the truth in love," in spreading the Gospel. The Church has emphasized the need to look at both of these Doctors, the "Angelic" and the "Seriphic," for a deeper understanding of her heart and mind in the examination of the deposite of faith. There are many variants in emphasis in these two doctors, and that will have to be brought out further.

St. Thomas Aquinas

2008-04-28T16:58:19Z

Dane:

{{Christianity}}
[[Image:Saint Thomas Aquinas.jpg|left|thumb|St. Thomas Aquinas]]
'''St. Thomas Aquinas''' (1225-1274) was a [[Dominican]] friar who wrote [[Summa Theologica]]. Many consider this to be the most perfect and complete summary of [[Christian]] [[theology]], and he established an entire type of Christian [[philosophy]] known as "Thomism", which is followed to this day. Aquinas was somewhat controversial during his life, but was quickly revered by the [[Catholic Church]] after his death. Many of the controversies surrounding Aquinas stem from his synthesis of [[Aristotle]]an philosophy with Christian philosophy, causing him to break with many of the traditionally held philosophical and theological positions espoused by the dominant Augustinian synthesis of Neoplatonic philosophy and Christianity.

He developed five proofs for the existence of [[God]] using logic. The first three were "cosmological" proofs rather than the "ontological" approach of [[St. Anselm]]. A cosmological proof deals with the natural order of the universe. Aquinas' most famous cosmological argument was that whatever is in motion (for example, us) must have been put in motion by something else (our parents). They, in turn, must have been put in motion by something else (their parents). But this sequence cannot go on to infinity. There must have been a first mover. This we call "God".

Saint Thomas has a different view of the fall than Calvin or Luther. He does not view man as totaly depraved. His will is weakened and His intelect cloaded, nontheless his nature is not totaly corupted, for as created by God it is still basicly good. Nevertheless man cannot atain to salvation on his own but is in need of grace. Though the intelect is cloaded, unasisted human reason can still atain to many of the truths about God. For instance the existance of God can be proved from the nature of the created universe. Nontheless certain things are only knowable through Divine Revelation such as the doctrine of the blessed Trinity. Because of his view of the power of the human mind though harmed by the fall,yet not totaly destroyed the works of the classical, secular philosophers could be brought into the service of Christian theology. Charles Murray wrote, "Aquinas made the case, eventually adopted by the Church, that human intelligence is a gift from God, and that to apply human intelligence to understanding the world is not an affront to God but is pleasing to him." <ref>http://www.amconmag.com/11_17_03/review.html</ref>

Concerning the nature of God, Aquinas found that the best approach, commonly called the "via negativa", is to consider what God is not. This led him to propose five positive statements about the divine qualities:

*1. God is simple, without composition of parts, such as body and soul, or matter and form.
*2. God is perfect, lacking nothing. That is, God is distinguished from other beings on account of God's complete actuality.
*3. God is infinite. That is, God is not finite in the ways that created beings are physically, intellectually, and emotionally limited. This infinity is to be distinguished from infinity of size and infinity of number.
*4. God is immutable, incapable of change on the levels of God's essence and character.
*5. God is one, without diversification within God's self. The unity of God is such that God's essence is the same as God's existence. In Aquinas's words, "in itself the proposition 'God exists' is necessarily true, for in it subject and predicate are the same."

St. Thomas Aquinas is further known for his famous observation that the [[Devil]] cannot withstand mockery.

==References==

<References/>

==External links==
*[http://www.amconmag.com/11_17_03/review.html Culture's Bell Curve] - a review of [[Charles Murray]]'s ''[[Human Accomplishment]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Aquinas, St. Thomas}}

[[Category:Catholic Leaders]]

St. Thomas Aquinas

2008-04-28T16:51:40Z

Dane: /* References */

{{Christianity}}
[[Image:Saint Thomas Aquinas.jpg|left|thumb|St. Thomas Aquinas]]
'''St. Thomas Aquinas''' (1225-1274) was a [[Dominican]] friar who wrote [[Summa Theologica]]. Many consider this to be the most perfect and complete summary of [[Christian]] [[theology]], and he established an entire type of Christian [[philosophy]] known as "Thomism", which is followed to this day. Aquinas was somewhat controversial during his life, but was quickly revered by the [[Catholic Church]] after his death. Many of the controversies surrounding Aquinas stem from his synthesis of [[Aristotle]]an philosophy with Christian philosophy, causing him to break with many of the traditionally held philosophical and theological positions espoused by the dominant Augustinian synthesis of Neoplatonic philosophy and Christianity.

He developed five proofs for the existence of [[God]] using logic. The first three were "cosmological" proofs rather than the "ontological" approach of [[St. Anselm]]. A cosmological proof deals with the natural order of the universe. Aquinas' most famous cosmological argument was that whatever is in motion (for example, us) must have been put in motion by something else (our parents). They, in turn, must have been put in motion by something else (their parents). But this sequence cannot go on to infinity. There must have been a first mover. This we call "God".

St. Thomas Aquinas' views on the nature of man included an incomplete interpretation of the [[Fall of Man]]. He believed that while men had rebelled against God and the human will was fallen, the human intellect remained perfect. Therefore, human wisdom could be relied upon and given as much prominence as the teachings of the [[Bible]]. This idea justified mixing the works of the classical, secular philosophers into Christian theology. Charles Murray wrote, "Aquinas made the case, eventually adopted by the Church, that human intelligence is a gift from God, and that to apply human intelligence to understanding the world is not an affront to God but is pleasing to him." <ref>http://www.amconmag.com/11_17_03/review.html</ref>

Also as a result, the authority of the Church became as important, if not more so, than that of the Bible. These ideas set the stage for humanism, which was the predominant philosophy of the [[Renaissance]].

Concerning the nature of God, Aquinas found that the best approach, commonly called the "via negativa", is to consider what God is not. This led him to propose five positive statements about the divine qualities:

*1. God is simple, without composition of parts, such as body and soul, or matter and form.
*2. God is perfect, lacking nothing. That is, God is distinguished from other beings on account of God's complete actuality.
*3. God is infinite. That is, God is not finite in the ways that created beings are physically, intellectually, and emotionally limited. This infinity is to be distinguished from infinity of size and infinity of number.
*4. God is immutable, incapable of change on the levels of God's essence and character.
*5. God is one, without diversification within God's self. The unity of God is such that God's essence is the same as God's existence. In Aquinas's words, "in itself the proposition 'God exists' is necessarily true, for in it subject and predicate are the same."

St. Thomas Aquinas is further known for his famous observation that the [[Devil]] cannot withstand mockery.

==References==

<References/>

==External links==
*[http://www.amconmag.com/11_17_03/review.html Culture's Bell Curve] - a review of [[Charles Murray]]'s ''[[Human Accomplishment]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Aquinas, St. Thomas}}

[[Category:Catholic Leaders]]

St. Thomas Aquinas

2008-04-28T16:49:36Z

Dane: /* References */

{{Christianity}}
[[Image:Saint Thomas Aquinas.jpg|left|thumb|St. Thomas Aquinas]]
'''St. Thomas Aquinas''' (1225-1274) was a [[Dominican]] friar who wrote [[Summa Theologica]]. Many consider this to be the most perfect and complete summary of [[Christian]] [[theology]], and he established an entire type of Christian [[philosophy]] known as "Thomism", which is followed to this day. Aquinas was somewhat controversial during his life, but was quickly revered by the [[Catholic Church]] after his death. Many of the controversies surrounding Aquinas stem from his synthesis of [[Aristotle]]an philosophy with Christian philosophy, causing him to break with many of the traditionally held philosophical and theological positions espoused by the dominant Augustinian synthesis of Neoplatonic philosophy and Christianity.

He developed five proofs for the existence of [[God]] using logic. The first three were "cosmological" proofs rather than the "ontological" approach of [[St. Anselm]]. A cosmological proof deals with the natural order of the universe. Aquinas' most famous cosmological argument was that whatever is in motion (for example, us) must have been put in motion by something else (our parents). They, in turn, must have been put in motion by something else (their parents). But this sequence cannot go on to infinity. There must have been a first mover. This we call "God".

St. Thomas Aquinas' views on the nature of man included an incomplete interpretation of the [[Fall of Man]]. He believed that while men had rebelled against God and the human will was fallen, the human intellect remained perfect. Therefore, human wisdom could be relied upon and given as much prominence as the teachings of the [[Bible]]. This idea justified mixing the works of the classical, secular philosophers into Christian theology. Charles Murray wrote, "Aquinas made the case, eventually adopted by the Church, that human intelligence is a gift from God, and that to apply human intelligence to understanding the world is not an affront to God but is pleasing to him." <ref>http://www.amconmag.com/11_17_03/review.html</ref>

Also as a result, the authority of the Church became as important, if not more so, than that of the Bible. These ideas set the stage for humanism, which was the predominant philosophy of the [[Renaissance]].

Concerning the nature of God, Aquinas found that the best approach, commonly called the "via negativa", is to consider what God is not. This led him to propose five positive statements about the divine qualities:

*1. God is simple, without composition of parts, such as body and soul, or matter and form.
*2. God is perfect, lacking nothing. That is, God is distinguished from other beings on account of God's complete actuality.
*3. God is infinite. That is, God is not finite in the ways that created beings are physically, intellectually, and emotionally limited. This infinity is to be distinguished from infinity of size and infinity of number.
*4. God is immutable, incapable of change on the levels of God's essence and character.
*5. God is one, without diversification within God's self. The unity of God is such that God's essence is the same as God's existence. In Aquinas's words, "in itself the proposition 'God exists' is necessarily true, for in it subject and predicate are the same."

St. Thomas Aquinas is further known for his famous observation that the [[Devil]] cannot withstand mockery.

==References==

<References/>
Saint Thomas has a different view of the fall than Calvin or Luther. He does not view man as totaly depraved. His will is weakened and His intelect cloaded, nontheless his nature is not totaly corupted, for as created by God it is still basicly good. Nevertheless man cannot atain to salvation on his own but is in need of grace.

==External links==
*[http://www.amconmag.com/11_17_03/review.html Culture's Bell Curve] - a review of [[Charles Murray]]'s ''[[Human Accomplishment]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Aquinas, St. Thomas}}

[[Category:Catholic Leaders]]