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	<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/api.php?action=feedcontributions&amp;feedformat=atom&amp;user=Copleston</id>
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	<updated>2026-11-11T22:02:53Z</updated>
	<subtitle>User contributions</subtitle>
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	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Richard_Swinburne&amp;diff=1495829</id>
		<title>Richard Swinburne</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Richard_Swinburne&amp;diff=1495829"/>
		<updated>2019-02-21T02:29:27Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Copleston: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''Richard Swinburne''' (born 26 December 1934) is an English Christian philosopher and Emeritus professor of the philosophy of the Christian religion at [[Oxford University]]. He taught there from 1985 until 2002 before achieving Emeritus status. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
His main research interests are the justification of the central claims of [[Christianity]] as well as all of the central issues of philosophy.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://users.ox.ac.uk/~orie0087/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In his writings, Swinburne has defended the existence of God as well as substance dualism which holds that there exists an immaterial soul or mind for each individual human being. In his book ''Is There a God?'', Swinburne gives a form of the Teleological (Design) Argument for God's existence. He is also an '''open theist''', meaning that he believes that God is inside time and does not know the future with certainty. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Education==&lt;br /&gt;
Swinburne was educated at Oxford where he earned a B.A. in philosophy, politics and economics in 1957. In 1959, he earned a B.Phil.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.giffordlectures.org/Author.asp?AuthorID=263&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Writings==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*&amp;quot;The Coherence of Theism&amp;quot;, 1977; revised 1993&lt;br /&gt;
*''The Existence of God'', 1979; revised 2004&lt;br /&gt;
*''The Evolution of the Soul'', 1986&lt;br /&gt;
*''Is There a God?'', 1996; revised 2010&lt;br /&gt;
*''Was Jesus God?'', 2008&lt;br /&gt;
*''Mind, Brain and Free Will'', 2013&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''''The above list represents only a selection of Dr. Swinburne's writings, not a complete list.'''''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{DEFAULTSORT:Swinburne, Richard}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Philosophers]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Christians]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Christian Apologists]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Academics]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Copleston</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Richard_Swinburne&amp;diff=1495828</id>
		<title>Richard Swinburne</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Richard_Swinburne&amp;diff=1495828"/>
		<updated>2019-02-21T02:28:46Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Copleston: /* Writings */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''Richard Swinburne''' (born 1934) is an English Christian philosopher and Emeritus professor of the philosophy of the Christian religion at [[Oxford University]]. He taught there from 1985 until 2002 before achieving Emeritus status. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
His main research interests are the justification of the central claims of [[Christianity]] as well as all of the central issues of philosophy.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://users.ox.ac.uk/~orie0087/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In his writings, Swinburne has defended the existence of God as well as substance dualism which holds that there exists an immaterial soul or mind for each individual human being. In his book ''Is There a God?'', Swinburne gives a form of the Teleological (Design) Argument for God's existence. He is also an '''open theist''', meaning that he believes that God is inside time and does not know the future with certainty. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Education==&lt;br /&gt;
Swinburne was educated at Oxford where he earned a B.A. in philosophy, politics and economics in 1957. In 1959, he earned a B.Phil.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.giffordlectures.org/Author.asp?AuthorID=263&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Writings==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*&amp;quot;The Coherence of Theism&amp;quot;, 1977; revised 1993&lt;br /&gt;
*''The Existence of God'', 1979; revised 2004&lt;br /&gt;
*''The Evolution of the Soul'', 1986&lt;br /&gt;
*''Is There a God?'', 1996; revised 2010&lt;br /&gt;
*''Was Jesus God?'', 2008&lt;br /&gt;
*''Mind, Brain and Free Will'', 2013&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''''The above list represents only a selection of Dr. Swinburne's writings, not a complete list.'''''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{DEFAULTSORT:Swinburne, Richard}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Philosophers]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Christians]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Christian Apologists]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Academics]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Copleston</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=David_Bentley_Hart&amp;diff=1456633</id>
		<title>David Bentley Hart</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=David_Bentley_Hart&amp;diff=1456633"/>
		<updated>2018-09-27T00:18:56Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Copleston: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''David Bentley Hart''' (born 20 February 1965) is a prominent American theologian and philosopher and is visiting Professor at Providence College, having previously taught at the [[University of Virginia]], the [[University of St. Thomas]] ([[Minnesota]]), [[Duke University]], and [[Loyola College]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
He is the author of ''[[Atheist Delusions]]'' (2009), a &amp;quot;powerful antidote&amp;quot; to the misrepresentations of [[Richard Dawkins|Dawkins]], [[Christoper Hitchens|Hitchens]] et al.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hart is an Eastern Orthodox Christian and does not believe that God is a person or a being, but rather, he believes that God is Being itself and is metaphysically simple. Many Christians, especially Evangelicals, tend to disagree with this view. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Philosophers]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Theologians]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Christians]]&lt;br /&gt;
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hart, David Bentley}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Copleston</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=David_Bentley_Hart&amp;diff=1456632</id>
		<title>David Bentley Hart</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=David_Bentley_Hart&amp;diff=1456632"/>
		<updated>2018-09-27T00:14:17Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Copleston: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''David Bentley Hart''' (born 20 February 1965) is a prominent American theologian and philosopher and is visiting Professor at Providence College, having previously taught at the [[University of Virginia]], the [[University of St. Thomas]] ([[Minnesota]]), [[Duke University]], and [[Loyola College]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
He is the author of ''[[Atheist Delusions]]'' (2009), a &amp;quot;powerful antidote&amp;quot; to the misrepresentations of [[Richard Dawkins|Dawkins]], [[Christoper Hitchens|Hitchens]] et al.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Philosophers]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Theologians]]&lt;br /&gt;
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hart, David Bentley}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Copleston</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Hermann_V%C3%B6lck&amp;diff=1398084</id>
		<title>Hermann Völck</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Hermann_V%C3%B6lck&amp;diff=1398084"/>
		<updated>2018-01-14T18:25:42Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Copleston: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''Hermann Völck''' (1919 - ??) was a German soldier during [[World War II]] who served as a paratrooper in the famed Fallschirmjager unit. He participated in many campaigns in the Mediterranean theater of operations including the battle of Crete in 1941 and Monte Cassino in 1944. He has appeared in many World War II documentary films.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After the war, Völck became a Catholic priest. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Some documentaries appeared in==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*''Hitler, Churchill and the Paratroopers'', BBC Timewatch, 2001&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Christians]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Soldiers]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Priests]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Copleston</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Hermann_V%C3%B6lck&amp;diff=1352592</id>
		<title>Hermann Völck</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Hermann_V%C3%B6lck&amp;diff=1352592"/>
		<updated>2017-06-11T00:30:03Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Copleston: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''Hermann Völck''' was a German soldier during [[World War II]] who served as a paratrooper in the famed Fallschirmjager unit. He participated in many campaigns in the Mediterranean theater of operations including the battle of Crete in 1941 and Monte Cassino in 1944. He has appeared in many World War II documentary films.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After the war, Völck became a Catholic priest. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Some documentaries appeared in===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*''Hitler, Churchill and the Paratroopers'', BBC Timewatch, 2001&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Christians]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Soldiers]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Priests]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Copleston</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Hermann_V%C3%B6lck&amp;diff=1352591</id>
		<title>Hermann Völck</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Hermann_V%C3%B6lck&amp;diff=1352591"/>
		<updated>2017-06-11T00:29:13Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Copleston: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''Hermann Völck''' was a German soldier during [[World War II]] who served as a paratrooper in the famed Fallschirmjager unit. He participated in many campaigns in the Mediterranean theater of operations including the battle of Crete in 1941 and Monte Cassino in 1944. He has appeared in many World War II documentaries.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After the war, Völck became a Catholic priest. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Some documentaries appeared in===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*''Hitler, Churchill and the Paratroopers'', BBC Timewatch, 2001&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Christians]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Soldiers]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Priests]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Copleston</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Hermann_V%C3%B6lck&amp;diff=1352590</id>
		<title>Hermann Völck</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Hermann_V%C3%B6lck&amp;diff=1352590"/>
		<updated>2017-06-11T00:28:03Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Copleston: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''Hermann Völck''' was a German soldier during [[World War II]] who served as a paratrooper in the famed Fallschirmjager unit. He participated in many campaigns in the Mediterranean theater of operations including the battle of Crete in 1941 and Monte Cassino in 1944. He has appeared in many World War II documentaries.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After the war, Völck became a Catholic priest. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Some documentaries appeared in===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*''Hitler, Churchill and the Paratroopers'', BBC Timewatch, 2001&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Christians]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Soldiers]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Copleston</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Hermann_V%C3%B6lck&amp;diff=1352589</id>
		<title>Hermann Völck</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Hermann_V%C3%B6lck&amp;diff=1352589"/>
		<updated>2017-06-11T00:27:28Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Copleston: Created page with &amp;quot;'''Hermann Völck''' was a German soldier during World War II who served as a paratrooper in the famed Fallschirmjager unit. He participated in many campaigns in the Mediterra...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''Hermann Völck''' was a German soldier during World War II who served as a paratrooper in the famed Fallschirmjager unit. He participated in many campaigns in the Mediterranean theater of operations including the battle of Crete in 1941 and Monte Cassino in 1944. He has appeared in many World War II documentaries.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After the war, Völck became a Catholic priest. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Some documentaries appeared in===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*''Hitler, Churchill and the Paratroopers'', BBC Timewatch, 2001&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Christians]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Soldiers]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Copleston</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Stylianos_Frantzeskakis&amp;diff=1350193</id>
		<title>Stylianos Frantzeskakis</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Stylianos_Frantzeskakis&amp;diff=1350193"/>
		<updated>2017-06-04T02:09:50Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Copleston: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''Fr. Stylianos Frantzeskakis''' was a Greek priest from the island of [[Crete]]. In May 1941, German troops invaded Crete via air and sea. In response, Fr Frantzeskakis rang the church bell in the port town of Paleochora and subsequently marched north to the town of Kandanos with a group of volunteers where they confronted the German invaders with old rifles. They pinned down the German soldiers for two whole days.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It is not known what Fr. Frantzeskakis' fate was, but given the brutal revenge killings the Germans committed after the battle to the local population, it seems likely that he was killed.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Christians]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Priests]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Copleston</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Stylianos_Frantzeskakis&amp;diff=1350191</id>
		<title>Stylianos Frantzeskakis</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Stylianos_Frantzeskakis&amp;diff=1350191"/>
		<updated>2017-06-04T02:09:14Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Copleston: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''Fr. Stylianos Frantzeskakis''' was a Greek priest from the island of [[Crete]]. In May 1941, German troops invaded Crete via air and sea. In response, Fr Frantzeskakis rang the church bell in the port town of Paleochora and subsequently marched north to the town of Kandanos with a group of volunteers where they confronted the German invaders with old rifles. They pinned down the German soldiers for two whole days.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It is not known what Fr. Frantzeskakis' fate was, but given the brutal revenge killings the Germans committed after the battle to the local population, it seems likely that he was killed.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Christians]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Copleston</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Stylianos_Frantzeskakis&amp;diff=1350190</id>
		<title>Stylianos Frantzeskakis</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Stylianos_Frantzeskakis&amp;diff=1350190"/>
		<updated>2017-06-04T02:07:52Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Copleston: Created page with &amp;quot;'''Fr. Stylianos Frantzeskakis''' was a Greek priest from the island of Crete. In May 1941, German troops invaded Crete via air and sea. In response, Fr Frantzeskakis rang...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''Fr. Stylianos Frantzeskakis''' was a Greek priest from the island of [[Crete]]. In May 1941, German troops invaded Crete via air and sea. In response, Fr Frantzeskakis rang the church bell in the port town of Paleochora and subsequently marched north to the town of Kandanos with a group of volunteers where they confronted the German invaders with old rifles. They pinned down the German soldiers for two whole days.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It is not known what Fr. Frantzeskakis' fate was, but given the brutal revenge killings the Germans committed after the battle to the local population, it seems likely that he was killed.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Copleston</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Charles_Suver&amp;diff=1307839</id>
		<title>Charles Suver</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Charles_Suver&amp;diff=1307839"/>
		<updated>2017-02-15T07:05:38Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Copleston: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''Fr. Charles F. Suver, S.J.''' (1906 - 1993) was a [[Jesuit]] priest and military chaplain who is most well known for a relatively famous photograph of him giving Catholic Mass atop Mount Suribachi during the battle of [[Iwo Jima]] on February 23, 1945. Fr. Suver was born in Ellensburg, Washington and graduated from Seattle College.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19930415&amp;amp;slug=1695978&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Naval Service==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Suver served as a chaplain in the [[U. S. Navy]] during World War II and was assigned to the 5th Service Battalion, 5th Marine Division. In January 1945, he disembarked from Hilo, Hawaii aboard the USS Missoula (APA-211) and subsequently landed at Green beach on Iwo Jima with his ministry team on February 19, 1945.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://goodjesuitbadjesuit.blogspot.com/2013/05/fr-charles-f-suver-sj-jesuit-of-iwo-jima.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Fr. Suver was one of 19 Catholic chaplains who served with the Marines in the Iwo Jima operation.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://the-american-catholic.com/2009/03/30/the-mass-on-mount-suribachi/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Donald Crosby, also a Jesuit, wrote about Fr. Charles Suver in his book, ''Battlefield Chaplains: Catholic Priests in World War II'' (University Press of Kansas, 1994).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Christians]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Clergy]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Sailors]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Copleston</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Atheism_and_health&amp;diff=1287274</id>
		<title>Atheism and health</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Atheism_and_health&amp;diff=1287274"/>
		<updated>2016-11-03T02:13:32Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Copleston: Study of anxiety and religious belief&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[Image:Mayo-clinic-gondaoverview.jpg|thumb|right|200px|The prestigious [[Mayo Clinic]] found that that religious involvement and spirituality are associated with better physical health, mental health, health-related quality of life and other health outcomes.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Mayo&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Mueller, Dr. Paul S. et al. (December 2001). [http://www.mayoclinicproceedings.org/article/S0025-6196%2811%2962799-7/fulltext &amp;quot;Religious involvement, spirituality, and medicine: implications for clinical practice&amp;quot;]. ''Mayo Clinic Proceedings'' vol. 76:12, pp. 1225-1235.  Retrieved from Mayo Clinic Proceedings website on July 20, 2014.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;]]&lt;br /&gt;
Concerning '''atheism and health''', there is considerable amount of scientific evidence that suggest that [[theism]] is more conducive to mental and physical health than [[atheism]] &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Multiple references:&lt;br /&gt;
*Mueller, Dr. Paul S. et al. (December 2001). [http://www.mayoclinicproceedings.org/article/S0025-6196%2811%2962799-7/fulltext &amp;quot;Religious involvement, spirituality, and medicine: implications for clinical practice&amp;quot;]. ''Mayo Clinic Proceedings'' vol. 76:12, pp. 1225-1235.  Retrieved from Mayo Clinic Proceedings website on July 20, 2014.&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.spiritualityandhealth.duke.edu/index.php/research/research-library &amp;quot;Research library&amp;quot;].  Duke University Center for Spirituality, Theology and Health.  Retrieved on July 24, 2014.&lt;br /&gt;
*McCullough, Michael E. et al. (2000).  [http://www.psy.miami.edu/faculty/mmccullough/Papers/rel_mort_meta.pdf &amp;quot;Religious involvement and mortality: a meta-analytic review&amp;quot;].  ''Health Psychology''. vol. 19:3. pp. 211-222.  Retrieved from University of Miami, College of Arts and Sciences, Department of Psychology website on July 24, 2014.&lt;br /&gt;
*Casey, Professor Patricia (April 3, 2009).  [http://www.ionainstitute.ie/pdfs/Religion-Exec_summary.pdf &amp;quot;The psycho-social benefits of religious practise&amp;quot; [executive summary&amp;amp;#93;].  Iona Institute for Religion and Society [Ireland] website.  Retrieved on July 24, 2014.&lt;br /&gt;
*McCullough, Michael E. and Willoughby, Brian L. B. (2009).  [http://www.psy.miami.edu/faculty/mmccullough/Papers/Relig_self_control_bulletin.pdf &amp;quot;Religion, self-regulation, and self-control: associations, explanations, and implications&amp;quot;]. ''Psychological Bulletin'', vol. 135: 1, pp. 69–93.  Retrieved from University of Miami, College of Arts and Sciences, Department of Psychology website on July 24, 2014.&lt;br /&gt;
*University of Colorado at Boulder (May 17, 1999).  [http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/1999/05/990517064323.htm &amp;quot;Research shows religion plays a major role in health, longevity&amp;quot;].  ScienceDaily.  Retrieved on July 24, 2014.&lt;br /&gt;
*Dervic, Kanita, et al. (December 2004).  [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15569904 &amp;quot;Religious affiliation and suicide attempt&amp;quot; [abstract&amp;amp;#93;]. ''The American Journal of Psychiatry'', vol. 161:12, pp. 2303-8.  Abstract retrieved from National Institutes of Health, U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Center for Biotechnology Information, Pub Med on July 24, 2014.&lt;br /&gt;
*University of Warwick (December 2003).  [http://www.scienceblog.com/community/older/2003/A/20037338.html &amp;quot;Psychology researcher [Dr. Stephen Joseph&amp;amp;#93; says spiritual meaning of Christmas brings more happiness than materialism&amp;quot;].  Scienceblog.  Retrieved on July 24, 2014.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The prestigious [[Mayo Clinic]] reported on December 11, 2001:&lt;br /&gt;
{{cquote|In an article also published in this issue of Mayo Clinic Proceedings, Mayo Clinic researchers reviewed published studies, meta-analyses, systematic reviews and subject reviews that examined the association between religious involvement and spirituality and physical health, mental health, health-related quality of life and other health outcomes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The authors report a majority of the nearly 350 studies of physical health and 850 studies of mental health that have used religious and spiritual variables have found that religious involvement and spirituality are associated with better health outcomes.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Mayo&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The [[Iona Institute]] reported:&lt;br /&gt;
{{cquote|A meta-analysis of all studies, both published and unpublished, relating to religious involvement and longevity was carried out in 2000. Forty-two studies were included, involving some 126,000 subjects. Active religious involvement increased the chance of living longer by some 29%, and participation in public religious practices, such as church attendance, increased the chance of living longer by 43%.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Multiple references:&lt;br /&gt;
*Casey, Professor Patricia (April 3, 2009).  [http://www.ionainstitute.ie/pdfs/Religion-Exec_summary.pdf &amp;quot;The psycho-social benefits of religious practise&amp;quot; [executive summary&amp;amp;#93;].  Iona Institute for Religion and Society [Ireland] website.  Retrieved on July 24, 2014.&lt;br /&gt;
*McCullough, Michael E. et al. (2000).  [http://www.psy.miami.edu/faculty/mmccullough/Papers/rel_mort_meta.pdf &amp;quot;Religious involvement and mortality: a meta-analytic review&amp;quot;].  ''Health Psychology''. vol. 19:3. pp. 211-222.  Retrieved from University of Miami, College of Arts and Sciences, Department of Psychology website on July 24, 2014.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In December 2003, the University of Warwick reported:&lt;br /&gt;
{{cquote|Dr. Stephen Joseph, from the University of Warwick, said: &amp;quot;Religious people seem to have a greater purpose in life, which is why they are happier. Looking at the research evidence, it seems that those who celebrate the Christian meaning of [[Christmas]] are on the whole likely to be happier.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;University of Warwick (December 2003).  [http://www.scienceblog.com/community/older/2003/A/20037338.html &amp;quot;Psychology researcher [Dr. Stephen Joseph&amp;amp;#93; says spiritual meaning of Christmas brings more happiness than materialism&amp;quot;].  Scienceblog.  Retrieved on July 24, 2014.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
See also: [[Atheism and depression]] and [[Atheism and suicide]] and [[Atheism and alcoholism]] and [[Atheism and Christmas]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Duke University]] has established the Center for Spirituality, Theology and Health.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.spiritualityandhealth.duke.edu/ Duke University Center for Spirituality, Theology and Health]  Retrieved on July 24, 2014.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; The Duke University Center for Spirituality, Theology and Health is based in the Center for Aging at Duke and gives opportunities for scholarly trans-disciplinary conversation and the development of collaborative research projects.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.spiritualityandhealth.duke.edu/index.php/about-us &amp;quot;About us.&amp;quot;]  The Duke University Center for Spirituality, Theology and Health.  Retrieved on July 24, 2014.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; In respect to the atheism and mental and physical health, the center offers many studies which suggest that theism is more beneficial than atheism.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.spiritualityandhealth.duke.edu/index.php/research/research-library &amp;quot;Research library&amp;quot;].  Duke University Center for Spirituality, Theology and Health.  Retrieved on July 24, 2014.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Atheism, sexuality and longevity ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''See also:'' [[Atheism and sexuality]] and [[Atheism and marriage]] and [[Atheist marriages]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Men who are satisfied with their sexual lives have greater longevity.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.mensjournal.com/health-fitness/health/the-best-reason-to-have-sex-20121001 The Best Reason to Have Sex] by Philip Weiss, Men's Journal&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 2011, ''The Daily Beast'' conceded in an article entitled ''Why Are Christians Having Better Sex Than the Rest of Us?'', &amp;quot;The devout are actually having better sex than the rest of us.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;thedailybeast.com&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2008/11/25/the-christian-sexual-awakening.html Why Are Christians Having Better Sex Than the Rest of Us?] by Tucker Carlson, The Daily Beast, November 11, 25, 2008&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Research shows that among women, religious women (especially [[evangelicalism|evangelical]]/[[low church]] [[Protestantism|Protestant]] women) are more sexually satisfied than irreligious women.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;thedailybeast.com&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;The Social Organization of Sexuality: Sexual Practices in the United States By Edward O. Laumann, John H. Gagnon, Robert T. Michael, Stuart Michaels, page 115&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://blog.getrelationshiphelp.com/2009/07/christian-women-have-more-sexual-fun.html Christian Women Have More Sexual Fun], Relationship Center in Springfield Missouri&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Social science data also reports that Hispanic men are more sexually satisfied than other ethnic groups in the United States.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;The Social Organization of Sexuality: Sexual Practices in the United States By Edward O. Laumann, John H. Gagnon, Robert T. Michael, Stuart Michaels, page 114&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
Hispanics are known for their religiosity. For example, in 2015, ''BloombergView'' reported concerning the United States: &amp;quot;According to a much-discussed 2012 report from the Pew Research Center on Religion and Public Life, only 3 percent of U.S. atheists and agnostics are black, 6 percent are Hispanic, and 4 percent are Asian. Some 82 percent are white. (The relevant figures for the population at large at the time of the survey were 66 percent white, 11 percent black, 15 percent Hispanic, 5 percent Asian.)&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.bloombergview.com/articles/2015-03-27/the-atheism-gap The Atheism Gap] By Stephen L. Carter, ''BloombergView'', Mar 27, 2015 4:26 PM EDT&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; See also: [[Western atheism and race]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the United States, the [[Republican Party]] has a large segment of religious conservatives and they are influential within the party.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.gallup.com/opinion/polling-matters/182210/highly-religious-conservative-republicans.aspx How Many Highly Religious Conservative Republicans Are There?], Gallup Organization statistics&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  ABC News reported that &amp;quot;More Republicans Satisfied With Sex Lives Than [[Democrat]]s&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://abcnews.go.com/Primetime/News/story?id=180291 More Republicans Satisfied With Sex Lives Than Democrats], ABC News&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For more information, please see: [[Atheism and sexuality]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Brain research studies of atheists and believers in God  ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
See: &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Atheism and the brain]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Religiousity and larger frontal lobes]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Atheism and autism]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Atheism and alcoholism ==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Europe pol 2004.jpg|thumbnail|200px|right|According to the [[World Health Organization]]'s (WHO) regional office in [[Europe]], &amp;quot;The WHO European Region has the highest proportion in the world of total ill health and premature death due to alcohol.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Who&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/disease-prevention/alcohol-use/data-and-statistics &amp;quot;Data and statistics&amp;quot;] (September 2014 or bef.).  Health topics/Disease prevention/Alcohol use.  Retrieved from World Health Organization (WHO)/Regional office for Europe on May 23, 2015.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;]]&lt;br /&gt;
''See also:'' [[Atheism and alcoholism]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
At least 100 studies suggests religion has a positive effect on preventing alcohol-related problems, researchers Christopher Ellison, Jennifer Barrett and Benjamin Moulton noted in an article in the ''Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion'' on “Gender, Marital Status, and Alcohol Behavior: The Neglected Role of Religion.”&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.huffingtonpost.com/david-briggs/charlie-sheen-circus-and-_b_836934.html The Doubled-Edged Sword of Religion and Alcoholism]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Atheists and atheistic cultures often have significant problems with excess alcohol usage (For more information please see: [[Atheism and alcoholism]]). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Secular countries/regions and alcoholism ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Secular Europe:''' &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to the [[World Health Organization]]'s (WHO) regional office in [[Europe]], &amp;quot;The WHO European Region has the highest proportion in the world of total ill health and premature death due to alcohol.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Who&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Secular Europe and alcoholism]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Britain and alcoholism]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Atheistic France and alcoholism]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Atheistic Germany and alcoholism]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Atheistic Czech Republic and alcoholism]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Atheistic Estonia and alcoholism]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Godless Finland and alcoholism]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Atheistic Denmark and alcoholism]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Atheistic Netherlands and alcoholism]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Atheistic Sweden and alcoholism]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Australia:''' &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
An Australian National Council on Drugs (ANCD) report indicated that 20% of Australians drink at levels putting them at risk of lifetime harm.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Mower, Jane (November 19, 2013).  [http://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-11-20/alcohol-to-blame-for-one-in-eight-deaths---report/5102594 &amp;quot;One in eight deaths of young Australians attributable to alcohol: National Council on Drugs report&amp;quot;].  Australian Broadcasting Corporation website/News.  Retrieved on May 23, 2015.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For more information, please see: [[Godless Australia and alcoholism]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Vodka bottle.jpg|thumbnail|200px|right|Alcoholism was a serious social problem in the former atheistic [[Soviet Union]].&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Pomerlau&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Pomerlau, Joceline, et. al. (May–June 2008).  [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18245818 &amp;quot;Hazardous alcohol drinking in the former Soviet Union: A cross-sectional study of eight countries&amp;quot;]. ''Alcohol and Alcoholism'', vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 351-9.  Retrieved from PubMed.gov on May 23, 2015.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Between 1940 and 1980, this [[atheist state]] had the largest increase of the amount of alcohol usage in the developed world.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Anderson&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Anderson, Sandra C. and Hibbs, Valerie K. (October 1992). [http://isw.sagepub.com/content/35/4/441.extract &amp;quot;Alcoholism in the Soviet Union&amp;quot; [first page&amp;amp;#93;].  ''International Social Work'', vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 441-53 [fee or registration required for full article].  First page retrieved from Sage journals/International Social Work on May 23, 2015.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;]]&lt;br /&gt;
'''Asian countries:''' &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Atheistic China and alcoholism]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Atheistic Japan and alcoholism]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[[North Korea and alcoholism]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Nontheistic Thailand and alcoholism]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''History of communism:''' &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Alcoholism was a serious social problem in the former atheistic [[Soviet Union]].&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Pomerlau&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;  Between 1940 and 1980, this [[atheist state]] had the largest increase of the amount of alcohol usage in the developed world.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Anderson&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Soviet Union and alcoholism]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Communist East Germany and alcoholism]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Atheism, alcoholism and anger ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Atheism, alcoholism and anger]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Irreligion, alcoholism and various generations in the United States ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Irreligion, generations in the United States and alcoholism]]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Recent generations in the United States:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Irreligion, baby boom generation and alcoholism]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Irreligion, Generation X and alcoholism]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Irreligion, millenials and alcoholism]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== American Atheism, gender, race and alcoholism ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Atheist Americans, gender and alcoholism]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Atheist Americans, race and alcoholism]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Binge drinking and brain damage ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A 2012 study suggests that a habit of binge drink risks serious brain damage including increasing memory loss later in adulthood.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Multiple references:&lt;br /&gt;
*T, Buddy (November 28, 2014).  [http://alcoholism.about.com/cs/binge/a/aa000818a.htm &amp;quot;Binge drinking affects brain, memory:  Young brains more vulnerable than adults'&amp;quot;].  About.com/About health.  Retrieved on May 23, 2015.&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.scripps.edu/newsandviews/e_20121022/koob.html &amp;quot;Study suggests binge drinking could cause significant brain impairment within months&amp;quot;] (October 22, 2012)  ''News and Views'' [online], vol. 12, iss. 33.  Retrieved from ''The Scripps Research Institute'' on May 23, 2015.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Currently, there is a downward trend in intelligence scores in secular countries (see:  [[Intelligence trends in religious countries and secular countries]]).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Atheism, binge drinking and suicide ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Binge drinking is a potent risk factor for suicide.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;O'Connell, H. and Lawlor, B.A. (October–December 2005). &amp;quot;Recent alcohol intake and suicidality—a neuropsychological perspective&amp;quot;.  ''Irish Journal of Medical Science'', vol. 174, no. 4., pp. 51-4&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Atheists have a [[Atheism and suicide|higher suicide rate]] than the general population.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Atheism and illegal drug use and drug addition ==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Powder meth foil small.jpg|thumbnail|175px|right|Studies indicate that religious individuals are less likely to engage in illegal drug use than atheists/nonreligious.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;drugs&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Multiple references:&lt;br /&gt;
*Denison, Jim (October 9, 2013).  [http://www.christianpost.com/news/believers-consume-fewer-drugs-than-atheists-106266/ &amp;quot;Believers consume fewer drugs than atheists&amp;quot;].  Christian Post website/CP Opinion.  Retrieved on May 23, 2015.&lt;br /&gt;
*Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Foerderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung [Swiss National Science Foundation] (October 3, 2013).  [http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/10/131003093041.htm &amp;quot;Believers consume fewer drugs than atheists&amp;quot;].  Science Daily website/Science News.  Retrieved on May 23, 2015.&lt;br /&gt;
*Multiple references:&lt;br /&gt;
**McCullough, Michael E. and Willoughby, Brian L. B. (January 2009).  [http://www.psy.miami.edu/faculty/mmccullough/Papers/Relig_self_control_bulletin.pdf &amp;quot;Religion, self-regulation, and self-control: associations, explanations, and implications&amp;quot;] ''Psychological Bulletin'', vol. 135, no. 1, pp. 69-93.  Retrieved from University of Miami department of psychology website on September 10, 2014.&lt;br /&gt;
**Alternate source of abstract: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19210054 &amp;quot;Religion, self-regulation, and self-control: associations, explanations, and implications&amp;quot; [abstract&amp;amp;#93;].   Retrieved from PubMed.gov on September 10, 2014.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; ]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''See also:'' [[Atheism and drug addiction]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Studies indicate that religious individuals are less likely to engage in illegal drug use than atheists/nonreligious.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;drugs&amp;quot;/&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to ''Science Daily'':&lt;br /&gt;
{{cquote|Young [[Switzerland|Swiss]] men who say that they believe in [[God]] are less likely to smoke cigarettes or pot or take ecstasy pills than Swiss men of the same age group who describe themselves as atheists. Belief is a protective factor against addictive behaviour. This is the conclusion reached by a study funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Foerderung der wissenschaftlichen Forschung [Swiss National Science Foundation] (October 3, 2013).  [http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/10/131003093041.htm &amp;quot;Believers consume fewer drugs than atheists&amp;quot;].  Science Daily website/Science News.  Retrieved on May 23, 2015.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Atheism and suicide ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
:''See main article: [[Atheism and suicide]] and [[Atheism and depression]]''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Although there are recent studies relating to [[Atheism and suicide|atheism being a causal factor for suicide for some individuals]], an early proponent of atheism being a causal factor for [[suicide]] was the Reverend Dr. Robert S. MacArthur.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;suicide&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Multiple references:&lt;br /&gt;
*Dervic, Kanita, et al. (December 2004).  [http://www.adherents.com/misc/religion_suicide.html &amp;quot;Religious affiliation and suicide attempt&amp;quot; [summary&amp;amp;#93;]. ''The American Journal of Psychiatry'', vol. 161:12, pp. 2303-8.  Summary retrieved from Adherents.com on July 25, 2014.  Website contains link to article at American Journal of Psychiatry website.&lt;br /&gt;
*Dervic, Kanita, et al. (December 2004).  [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15569904 &amp;quot;Religious affiliation and suicide attempt&amp;quot; [abstract&amp;amp;#93;]. ''The American Journal of Psychiatry'', vol. 161:12, pp. 2303-8.  Abstract retrieved from National Institutes of Health, U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Center for Biotechnology Information, Pub Med on July 24, 2014.&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9507E2DC1131E033A25754C1A96F9C94659ED7CF &amp;quot;Atheism a cause of suicide; Dr. MacArthur preaches on the sin and cowardice of self-destruction&amp;quot;] (September 17, 1894).  ''New York Times'', p. 2.  Retrieved from nytimes.com on July 24, 2014.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; In 1894, the ''[[New York Times]]'' stated the following in relation to atheism and suicide:&lt;br /&gt;
{{cquote|Dr. Martin urged that a great cause of suicide was atheism. It was, he said, a remarkable fact that where atheism prevailed most, there suicides were most numerous. In &amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;[[Paris]]&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/big&amp;gt;, a recent census showed one suicide to every 2,700 of the population. After the publication of Paine's &amp;quot;Age of Reason&amp;quot; suicides increased.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;nytimes&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9507E2DC1131E033A25754C1A96F9C94659ED7CF &amp;quot;Atheism a cause of suicide; Dr. MacArthur preaches on the sin and cowardice of self-destruction&amp;quot;] (September 17, 1894).  ''New York Times'', p. 2.  Retrieved from nytimes.com on July 24, 2014.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;}} &lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Desperation_man.jpg‎|thumb|right|200px|Pitzer College sociologist Phil Zuckerman stated concerning suicide rates: &amp;quot;this is the one indicator of societal health in which religious nations fare much better than secular nations.&amp;quot;]]&lt;br /&gt;
The same ''New York Times'' article quotes the Reverend Dr. MacArthur describing suicide in the following manner: &lt;br /&gt;
{{cquote|It is mean and not manly; it is dastardly and not daring. A man who involves his innocent wife and children in financial disaster and disgrace and takes his life and leaves them to bear the burden he was unwilling to bear, is a coward.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;nytimes&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;}} &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The website Adherents.com reported the following in respect to atheism and suicide:&lt;br /&gt;
{{cquote|Pitzer College sociologist Phil Zuckerman compiled country-by-country survey, polling and census numbers relating to atheism, agnosticism, disbelief in God and people who state they are non-religious or have no religious preference. These data were published in the chapter titled &amp;quot;Atheism: Contemporary Rates and Patterns&amp;quot; in The Cambridge Companion to Atheism, ed. by Michael Martin, Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK (2005). In examining various indicators of societal health, Zuckerman concludes about suicide:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Concerning suicide rates, this is the one indicator of societal health in which religious nations fare much better than secular nations. According to the 2003 World Health Organization's report on international male suicides rates (which compared 100 countries), of the top ten nations with the highest male suicide rates, all but one (Sri Lanka) are strongly irreligious nations with high levels of atheism. It is interesting to note, however, that of the top remaining nine nations leading the world in male suicide rates, all are former Soviet/Communist nations, such as Belarus, Ukraine, and Latvia. Of the bottom ten nations with the lowest male suicide rates, all are highly religious nations with statistically insignificant levels of organic atheism.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Dervic, Kanita, et al. (December 2004).  [http://www.adherents.com/misc/religion_suicide.html &amp;quot;Religious affiliation and suicide attempt&amp;quot; [summary&amp;amp;#93;]. ''The American Journal of Psychiatry'', vol. 161:12, pp. 2303-8.  Summary retrieved from Adherents.com on July 25, 2014.  Website contains link to article at American Journal of Psychiatry website.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Australia]]n online opinion writer and lecturer in ethics and philosophy at several [[Melbourne]] [[theology|theological]] colleges, Bill Muehlenberg, in his essay &amp;quot;The Unbearable Heaviness of Being (in a World without God)&amp;quot; states the following:&lt;br /&gt;
{{cquote|Announcing, and believing, that God is dead has consequences. And it is we who suffer the most for it. We cannot bear the whole universe on our shoulders. We were not meant to. We must let God be God. Only then can men be men. Only then can we find the way forward to be possible, and the burdens not insurmountable.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Muehlenberg, Bill (May 26, 2008).  [http://www.billmuehlenberg.com/2008/05/26/the-unbearable-heaviness-of-being-in-a-world-without-god/ &amp;quot;The unbearable heaviness of being (in a world without God)&amp;quot;].  CultureWatch.  Retrieved on May 23, 2015.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Ex-Christians, self-esteem and suicide ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''See also:'' [[Ex-Christians, self-esteem and suicide]] and [[Atheism and self-esteem]] and [[Ex-atheists]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are preliminary studies indicating that individuals who reject [[Christianity]] in Western cultures have lower self-esteem than the Christian population.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Multiple references:&lt;br /&gt;
*Hinman, Joe (October 25, 2010).  [http://atheistwatch.blogspot.com/2010/10/rejection-of-christianity-and-self.html &amp;quot;'Rejection of Christianity and Self Esteem': a review of a study by Leslie J. Francis, et al.&amp;quot;].  Atheistwatch.  Retrieved on May 23, 2015.  &lt;br /&gt;
*Hinman, Joe (October 27, 2010).  [http://atheistwatch.blogspot.com/2010/10/atheists-and-self-esteem-part-2.html &amp;quot;Atheists and self esteem part 2&amp;quot;].  Atheistwatch.  Retrieved on May 23, 2015.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; There are studies indicating that lower self-esteem is associated with suicidality.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Multiple references:&lt;br /&gt;
*Thompson, Angus H. (November–December 2010).  [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21190929 &amp;quot;The suicidal process and self-esteem&amp;quot;].  ''Crisis'', vol. 31, no. 6, pp. 311-6.  Retrieved from National Institutes of Health, U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Center for Biotechnology Information, Pub Med on May 23, 2015.&lt;br /&gt;
*Villa-Manzano, A. I. (November–December 2009).  [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20602903 &amp;quot;[Risk factors found in suicide attempters&amp;amp;#93;&amp;quot; [abstract&amp;amp;#93;].  ''Revista Médica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social'', vol. 47, no. 6, pp. 643-6.  Abstract retrieved on May 23, 2015.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Richard Dawkins at UT Austin.jpg|alt=Richard Dawkins|thumbnail|200px|right|[[Richard Dawkins]] ]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Richard Dawkins]]' book &amp;quot;The God Delusion&amp;quot; along with a [[community college]] biology class, have been linked to the tragic suicide of Jesse Kilgore.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Unruh, Bob (November 20, 2008).  [http://www.wnd.com/2008/11/81459/ &amp;quot;Dad links son's suicide to 'The God Delusion'&amp;quot;]. WorldNetDaily.  Retrieved on February 18, 2015.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Kilgore had several discussions with friends and relatives in which he made it clear Dawkins' book had destroyed his belief in God. This loss of faith is considered the cause of his suicide which is not surprising given that there is evidence which suggest that [[Atheism and suicide|atheism can be a causal factor for suicide for some individuals]].&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;suicide&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Jesse's father is quoted as saying &amp;quot;If my son was a professing [[homosexuality|homosexual]], and a professor challenged him to read [a book called] 'Preventing Homosexuality'… If my son was gay and [the book] made him feel bad, hopeless, and he killed himself, and that came out in the press, there would be an outcry. He would have been a victim of a hate crime and the professor would have been forced to undergo sensitivity training, and there may have even been a wrongful death lawsuit. But because he's a [[Christianity|Christian]], I don't even get a return telephone call.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Jesse's blog remained online after his death.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Kilgore, Jesse (December 17, 2008). [http://web.archive.org/web/20081217235301/http://users.newblog.com/Jkrapture/?post_id=17727 [Archive of&amp;amp;#93; What Say You?]  Archive of NewBlog.com.  Retrieved from December 17, 2008 archive at Internet Archive on May 23, 2015.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
At the same time, there is a significant portion of the atheist population who suffer from excess self-esteem/[[pride]] issues (see: [[Causes of atheism]]).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Atheism, gender and suicide ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
See also: [[Atheism, gender and suicide]] and  [[Atheism appears to be significantly less appealing to women]] and [[Atheism and suicide]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Survey data and website tracking data of prominent [[atheism|atheists]]' websites indicate that in the [[Western World]], atheism appears to be significantly less appealing to women (see: [[Atheism appears to be significantly less appealing to women]]).&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Multiple references:&lt;br /&gt;
*Kosmin, Barry A., et al. (2008).  [http://web.archive.org/web/20110904110346/http://www.americanreligionsurvey-aris.org/reports/NONES_08.pdf &amp;quot;American nones:  Profile of the no religion population&amp;quot;].  American Religion Survey website [Trinity College, Hartford, CT].  Retrieved from September 4, 2011 archive at Internet Archive on May 23, 2015.&lt;br /&gt;
*Britt, Robert Roy (February 28, 2009).  [http://www.livescience.com/culture/090227-religion-men-women.html &amp;quot;Women more religious than men&amp;quot;].  Live Science website.  Retrieved on May 23, 2015.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Science Daily'' reports:&lt;br /&gt;
{{cquote|Many studies have identified a strong link between suicide and diagnosable mental illness, especially depression. So because women suffer from depression at a much higher rate than men, they would seem to be at higher risk for suicide. But women actually commit suicide about one-fourth as often as men.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Washington University in St. Louis (November 12, 1998).  [http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/1998/11/981112075159.htm &amp;quot;Why women are less likely than men to commit suicide&amp;quot;].  ScienceDaily website.  Retrieved on May 23, 2015.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Atheism, marriage and suicide ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''See also:''  [[Atheism and marriageability]] and [[Atheism and suicide]] and [[Atheism, marriage and suicide]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Christian apologist Michael Caputo wrote:&lt;br /&gt;
{{cquote|Recently the Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life has published its mammoth study on Religion in America based on 35,000 interviews... According to the Pew Forum a whopping 37% of atheists never marry as opposed to 19% of the American population, 17% of Protestants and 17% of Catholics.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;creation&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Ammi, Ken (June 11, 2009).  [http://creation.com/atheism &amp;quot;Atheism&amp;quot;].  Creation Ministries International.  Retrieved on July 19, 2014.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Vox Day]] declared that according to the 2001 American Religious Identification Survey (ARIS) &amp;quot;more than half of all atheists and [[agnosticism|agnostics]] don’t get married.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;creation&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According the website Marriage and Family Encyclopedia: &lt;br /&gt;
{{cquote|Marital status has a strong association with rates of completed suicide. Suicide rates are higher in the divorced and widowed than in single people, who in turn have higher suicide rates than married people. This protective effect of marriage on suicide is stronger for men than for women, although it is found for both men and women (Gove 1972).&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;cited in Ponzetti, James J., ed. (2003).  [http://family.jrank.org/pages/1659/Suicide-Marital-Status-Family.html#ixzz1RJRmwSPF &amp;quot;Suicide—marital status and the family&amp;quot;].  ''International Encyclopedia of Marriage and Family'' (New York:  MacMillan), p. 1599.  Retrieved from JRank Marriage and Family Encyclopedia/Suicide on May 23, 2015.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Atheism and European suicide in the 17th century ===&lt;br /&gt;
Chandak Sengoopta, in a book review of Georges Minois's work ''History of Suicide: Voluntary Death in Western Culture'' wrote: &lt;br /&gt;
{{cquote|Suicide became a prominent issue in England from the turn of the seventeenth century. The number of suicides, it was reported, had risen alarmingly and in the preface to his 1733 work, The English Malady, physician George Cheyne declared that he had been spurred to write it &amp;quot;by the late Frequency and daily Encrease of wanton and uncommon self-murders&amp;quot; (p. 181). According to Cheyne, the spread of atheism as well as the gloomy, melancholy-inducing climate of England were responsible for the rise in suicides; while his explanations were not always accepted, virtually nobody seems to have doubted that England had become the world capital of suicides. As Minois explains, there undoubtedly was a rise in the rates of reported suicides but, as far as one can tell from the available data, it was a European rather than an exclusively English phenomenon.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Sengoopta, Chandak (July 1999). [http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=3213 &amp;quot;[Review of ''History of Suicide:  Voluntary Death in Western Culture'' by George Minois (1999)&amp;amp;#93;&amp;quot;].  H-Net Humanities and Social Sciences Online/H-Ideas.  Retrieved on May 23, 2015.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Atheism, uncharitableness and depression ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''See also:'' [[Atheism and depression]] and [[Atheism, uncharitableness and depression]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A number of studies have confirmed that there is an inverse relationship to doing volunteer work and depression.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;pursuit&amp;quot;/&amp;gt; The [[Atheist Population|atheist population]] does less charitable works and volunteering [[per capita]] than the theist population (see: [[Atheism and uncharitableness]]).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Atheism and obesity ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Hand and cookies.jpg|thumbnail|right|201px|Obesity is positively associated with impulsiveness, lower [[self-control|self-discipline]] and [[neuroticism]].&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;obesity&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Multiple references:&lt;br /&gt;
*Elfhag, Kristina and Morey, Lesley C. (August 2008).  [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18549987 Abstract of &amp;quot;Personality traits and eating behavior in the obese: Poor self-control in emotional and external eating but personality assets in restrained eating&amp;quot;].  ''Eating Behaviors'', vol. 9, iss. 3, pp. 285-93.  Abstract retrieved from National Institutes of Health, U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Center for Biotechnology Information, PubMed.gov on May 23, 2015.&lt;br /&gt;
*Konttinen, H., et al. (August 2009).  [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19433123 Abstract of &amp;quot;Eating styles, self-control and obesity indicators. The moderating role of obesity status and dieting history on restrained eating&amp;quot;].  ''Appetite'', vol. 53, no. 1, pp. 131-4.  Abstract retrieved from National Institutes of Health, U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Center for Biotechnology Information, PubMed.gov on May 23, 2015.&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.wellspringcamps.com/obesity_research.html &amp;quot;Childhood obesity research&amp;quot;] (October 2014 or bef.)  Wellspring Camps.  Retrieved on May 23, 2015.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; ]]&lt;br /&gt;
''See also:'' [[Atheism and obesity]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to the [[Gallup poll|Gallup Inc.]], &amp;quot;Very religious Americans are more likely to practice healthy behaviors than those who are moderately religious or nonreligious.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Newport, Frank, et al. (December 23, 2010).  [http://www.gallup.com/poll/145379/Religious-Americans-Lead-Healthier-Lives.aspx &amp;quot;Very religious Americans lead healthier lives&amp;quot;].  Gallup [polling] website.  Retrieved on May 23, 2015.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Obesity is positively associated with impulsiveness, lower [[self-control|self-discipline]] and [[neuroticism]].&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;obesity&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;  In addition, many people overeat in response to negative [[emotion]]s such as [[depression]], [[anger]], [[anxiety]] and boredom.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Multiple references:&lt;br /&gt;
*Zeeck, Almut, et al. (September–October 2011).  [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24081718 &amp;quot;Emotion and eating in binge eating disorder and obesity&amp;quot;].  ''European Eating Disorder Review'', vol. 19, no. 5, pp. 426-37.  Retrieved from National Institutes of Health, U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Center for Biotechnology Information, PubMed.gov on May 23, 2015.&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.obesitypsychiatry.com/id2.html &amp;quot;Food and you&amp;quot;] (August 2010 or bef.).  Obesitypsychiatry.com.  Retrieved on May 23, 2015.&lt;br /&gt;
*Tanofsky-Kraff, Marian, Ph. D. (April 2007).  [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17262813 &amp;quot;Validation of the emotional eating scale adapted for use in children and adolescents (EES-C)&amp;quot;].  ''International Journal of Eating Disorders'', vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 232-40.  Retrieved from National Institutes of Health, U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Center for Biotechnology Information, PubMed.gov on May 23, 2015.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please see:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Atheism and emotional/intrapersonal intelligence|Atheism and emotional intelligence]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Atheism and social/interpersonal intelligence|Atheism and social intelligence]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Atheism and irrationality]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Secular Europe and obesity ====&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Union jack.jpg|right|thumbnail|200px|In May 2014, the British paper ''The Mirror'' reported that according to the [[Britain|British]] medical journal ''Lancet'', British girls are the most overweight girls in [[Western Europe]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/technology-science/science/british-girls-fattest-western-europe-3620185 British girls are FATTEST in western Europe claims alarming new research by The Lancet], ''Mirror'', Ben Burrows, May 29, 2014 10:52&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; ]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) recently reported:&lt;br /&gt;
{{cquote|Based on the latest estimates in [[Europe]]an Union countries, overweight affects 30-70% and obesity affects 10-30% of adults.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Estimates of the number of overweight infants and children in the WHO European Region rose steadily from 1990 to 2008. Over 60% of children who are overweight before puberty will be overweight in early adulthood.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/noncommunicable-diseases/obesity/data-and-statistics World Health Organization - Regional Office for Europe - The challenge of obesity - quick statistics]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For more information, please see: [[Secular Europe and obesity]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Atheistic China and obesity ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[China]] has the largest atheist population in the world.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.thechapmans.nl/news/Atheist.pdf Top 50 Countries With Highest Proportion of Atheists / Agnostics (Zuckerman, 2005)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2013/05/23/a-surprising-map-of-where-the-worlds-atheists-live/ A surprising map of where the world’s atheists live], ''Washington Post'' By Max Fisher and Caitlin Dewey May 23, 2013&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; In 2014, the British medical journal'' Lancet'' reported that the Chinese have the second highest obesity rate in the world.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://blogs.wsj.com/chinarealtime/2014/05/29/as-obesity-rises-chinese-kids-are-almost-as-fat-as-americans/ As Obesity Rises, Chinese Kids Are Almost as Fat as Americans], ''Wall Street Journal'' Chinarealtime, May 29, 2014&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zgJvV62yD2E Chubby China: Nation of 300 Million Overweight People]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A recent study published in the ''Obesity Reviews'' journal, found that Chinese teenagers' rate of [[diabetes]] was four times that of their [[United States|American]] peers.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.china.org.cn/china/2012-09/14/content_26521029.htm Obesity is a growing concern in China] By Pang Li, China.org.cn, September 14, 2012&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For more information, please see: [[Atheism and obesity]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Irreligion/religion, generations in the United States and obesity ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''See also:'' [[Irreligion/religion, recent generations in the United States and obesity]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the [[United States]] at the present time, the greater the degree of irreligiosity in a generation, the higher their [[obesity]] rate is. For more information, please see the three articles directly below. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Millennials, irreligion and obesity]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Generation X, irreligion and obesity]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Baby boom generation, irreligion and obesity]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Studies on religion and self-control plus diet/exercise and obesity ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Two of the major risk factors for becoming [[obesity|obese]] according to the [[Mayo Clinic]] are poor dietary choices and inactivity.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Mayo Clinic Staff (May 13, 2014).  [http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/obesity/DS00314/DSECTION=causes &amp;quot;Causes [of obesity&amp;amp;#93;&amp;quot;].  Mayo Clinic website/Diseases and Conditions/Obesity/Basics.  Retrieved on May 23, 2015.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  In terms of physical activity/athleticism vs. slothfulness, please see: [[Sports performance: Religious faith vs. atheism]] and  [[Atheism and hedonism]] and [[Atheist nerds]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the journal article ''Religion, self-regulation, and self-control: Associations, explanations, and implications'', psychologists McCullough and Willoughby theorize that many of the positive links of religiousness with health and social behavior may be caused by religion's beneficial influences on [[self-control]]/self-regulation.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Multiple references:&lt;br /&gt;
*McCullough, Michael E. and Willoughby, Brian L. B. (2009).  [http://www.psy.miami.edu/faculty/mmccullough/Papers/Relig_self_control_bulletin.pdf &amp;quot;Religion, self-regulation, and self-control: associations, explanations, and implications&amp;quot;]. ''Psychological Bulletin'', vol. 135: 1, pp. 69–93.  Retrieved from University of Miami, College of Arts and Sciences, Department of Psychology website on July 24, 2014.&lt;br /&gt;
*Alternate source of abstract: [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19210054 &amp;quot;Religion, self-regulation, and self-control: associations, explanations, and implications&amp;quot; [abstract&amp;amp;#93;].   Retrieved from PubMed.gov on September 10, 2014.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Furthermore, a 2012 Queen's University study published in ''Psychological Science'' found that religion replenishes self-control.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Multiple references:&lt;br /&gt;
*Rounding, Kevin and Lee, Albert et al. [Queen’s University] (June 2012). [http://pss.sagepub.com/content/early/2012/05/02/0956797611431987.abstract &amp;quot;Religion replenishes self-control&amp;quot; [abstract&amp;amp;#93;]. ''Psychological Science'', vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 635-642.  Retrieved from Sage Journals on September 13, 2014.  Purchase required for full article.&lt;br /&gt;
*Craig, Anne (January 24, 2012). [http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-01/qu-qsf012412.php &amp;quot;Queen's study finds religion helps us gain self-control&amp;quot;].  Queen's University website [Canada].  Retrieved from EurekAlert on September 13, 2014.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Also, numerous studies indicate that those who engage in regular spiritual practices have lower mortality rates.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Multiple references:&lt;br /&gt;
*McCullough, Michael E. et al. (2000).  [http://www.psy.miami.edu/faculty/mmccullough/Papers/rel_mort_meta.pdf &amp;quot;Religious involvement and mortality: a meta-analytic review&amp;quot;].  ''Health Psychology''. vol. 19:3. pp. 211-222.  Retrieved from University of Miami, College of Arts and Sciences, Department of Psychology website on July 24, 2014.&lt;br /&gt;
*Puchalski, Christina M. (October 2001). [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1305900/ &amp;quot;The role of spirituality in health care&amp;quot;].  ''Proceedings of the Baylor University Medical Center'', vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 352–357.  Retrieved from National Institutes of Health, U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Center for Biotechnology Information, PubMed Central website on May 23, 2015.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Atheism and loneliness ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Flag of Denmark.png|right|200px|thumbnail|[[Denmark]] has the highest proportion of single-dwellers, at 24%.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Barford, Vanessa (April 8, 2013).  [http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-22012957 &amp;quot;Is modern life making us more lonely&amp;quot;]. BBC News website.  Retrieved on May 23, 2015.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''See also:'' [[Atheism and loneliness]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Loneliness has been linked to numerous physical and mental health problems.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Multiple references:&lt;br /&gt;
*Harmon, Katherine (March 2, 2012).  [http://www.livescience.com/18800-loneliness-health-problems.html &amp;quot;Why loneliness can be deadly&amp;quot;].  Live Science website.  Retrieved on May 23, 2015.&lt;br /&gt;
*Booth, Robert (October 12, 2014).  &amp;quot;Number of severely lonely men over 50 set to rise to 1m in 15 years&amp;quot;.  ''The Guardian''.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Compared to religious cultures where an extended family and a sense of community prevails, secular countries [[Secular countries and loneliness|are often lonelier societies]]. In addition, &lt;br /&gt;
Numerous studies and other data indicate that [[Atheism|atheists]] have lower [[emotional intelligence]] and lower social skills (see: [[Atheism and emotional/intrapersonal intelligence|Atheism and emotional intelligence]] and [[Atheism and social/interpersonal intelligence|Atheiam and social skills]]).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It is also proven that loneliness leads to anxiety. One study has shown, however, that even just believing in life after death has a great effect on reducing anxiety. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Kevin J. Flannelly et al., &amp;quot;Belief in Life After Death and Mental Health: Findings from a National Survey,&amp;quot; ''The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease'' 194, no. 7 (July 2006): 524-29&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
For more information, please see:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Atheism and loneliness]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Secular Europe and loneliness]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Atheistic Japan and loneliness]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[[England and loneliness]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Atheistic France and loneliness]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Atheistic Germany and loneliness]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Atheistic Sweden and loneliness]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Godless Finland and loneliness]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Atheistic China and loneliness]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== New Atheism leaders and unhealthy lifestyles ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''See also:'' [[New Atheism leaders and unhealthy lifestyles]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A significant number of the founders of the [[New Atheism]] movement have engaged in unhealthy behaviors which have upon occasion caused them significant health problems (see: [[New Atheism leaders and unhealthy lifestyles]]).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Despite his esophageal cancer, when asked by interviewer Charlie Rose if in retrospect he would have engaged in heavy drinking and smoking knowing his present cancer condition, the late new atheist [[Christopher Hitchens]] said he think he would have done things the same.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/08/17/christopher-hitchens-desp_n_685021.html Christopher Hitchens: Despite Cancer, I'd Drink &amp;amp; Smoke Again]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Richard Dawkins, Charles Darwin and mentally caused illness ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''See also:''  [[Richard Dawkins, Charles Darwin and mentally caused illness]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Richard Dawkins - March 2005.jpg|alt=Richard Dawkins|thumbnail|200px|right|[[Richard Dawkins]] ]]&lt;br /&gt;
A psychogenic illness is one that originates in the mind or in mental condition. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The medical literature and historical evidence suggests that the [[evolution]]ist and agnostic/atheist [[Charles Darwin]] suffered from psychogenic illness related to the controversies that surrounded his evolutionary ideas (see: [[Charles Darwin's illness]]).  The historical evidence suggests that Darwin had both agnostic and atheistic sentiments (See also: [[Religious views of Charles Darwin]]). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Richard Dawkins' public persona flip-flops between agnosticism and atheism (see: [[Richard Dawkins and agnosticism]]). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to the evolutionist, new atheist and agnostic [[Richard Dawkins]]: Dawkins' doctors advised him to avoid controversy; he suffers from chronic high blood pressure; Dawkins believes his recent stroke is stress related and may have been caused by a controversy with his fellow skeptics which caused him to be temporarily disinvited to a skeptics conference; and Dawkins' says he is not very good at avoiding controversies (see: [[New Atheism leaders and unhealthy lifestyles#Richard Dawkins, anger, chronic high blood pressure and recent stroke following a feminism/Islam controversy|Richard Dawkins' stroke]]). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Atheist [[Hemant Mehta]] reported about Dawkins' stroke and Dawkins' report that he had been once again invited to the conference:&lt;br /&gt;
{{cquote|It was the result of stress-related higher blood pressure, which he says he may have had as a result of recent controversy, including being booted from the NECSS conference. He added, however, that on February 5, he received a letter from conference organizers apologizing for disinviting him and asking him back to the conference.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.patheos.com/blogs/friendlyatheist/2016/02/14/richard-dawkins-gives-update-on-his-health-in-audio-message/ Richard Dawkins Gives Update on His Health in Audio Message]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to Glenn Gandelman, MD, &amp;quot;A recent study indicates that angry men have higher blood pressure and increased risk of heart disease.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.healthcentral.com/high-blood-pressure/c/88/15332/high/ Anger, Stress and High Blood Pressure], Glenn Gandelman, MD, MPH&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  Richard Dawkins has a reputation for being angry, aggressive and abrasive (see: [[Richard Dawkins and anger]] and [[Abrasiveness of Richard Dawkins]]).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Sigmund Freud's view of religion ==&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:freud-thumb.jpg|right|200px|thumb|[[Sigmund Freud]] in his laboratory]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''See also:'' [[Sigmund Freud's view of religion]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Psychology|Psychologist]] [[Sigmund Freud]] was a proponent of atheism who argued that theism was detrimental to mental health.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;christtoday&amp;quot;&amp;gt;McGrath, Alister (February 28, 2005).  [http://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2005/003/21.36.html &amp;quot;The twilight of atheism&amp;quot;].  ''Christianity Today'' website.  Retrieved on May 23, 2015.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;   [[Oxford]] Professor [[Alister McGrath]], author of the book ''The Twilight of Atheism'',  stated the following regarding Freud: &lt;br /&gt;
{{cquote|One of the most important criticisms that Sigmund Freud directed against religion was that it encourages unhealthy and dysfunctional outlooks on life. Having dismissed religion as an illusion, Freud went on to argue that it is a negative factor in personal development. At times, Freud's influence has been such that the elimination of a person's religious beliefs has been seen as a precondition for mental health.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Freud is now a fallen idol, the fall having been all the heavier for its postponement. There is now growing awareness of the importance of spirituality in health care, both as a positive factor in relation to well-being and as an issue to which patients have a right. The &amp;quot;Spirituality and Healing in Medicine&amp;quot; conference sponsored by [[Harvard]] Medical School in 1998 brought reports that 86 percent of Americans as a whole, 99 percent of family physicians, and 94 percent of HMO professionals believe that prayer, meditation, and other spiritual and religious practices exercise a major positive role within the healing process.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;christtoday&amp;quot;&amp;gt;http://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2005/march/21.36.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Freud remains popular among [[postmodern]] literary academics, who use his [[anti-Christian]] pseudoscience as a basis for their own anti-Christianity and moral relativism, even though his theories were disproved decades ago.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Cause of Friedrich Nietzsche's insanity still a matter of speculation  ==&lt;br /&gt;
[[File:Old Nietzsche, 1899.JPG|thumb|right|200px|Currently, there is an ongoing debate on whether atheism was a causal factor for [[Friedrich Nietzsche]]'s insanity or whether it was caused purely through disease.]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''See also:'' [[Cause of Friedrich Nietzsche's insanity]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Currently, there is an ongoing debate regarding whether atheism was a causal factor for [[Friedrich Nietzsche]]'s insanity or whether it was caused strictly by disease.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Nietzsche&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Multiple references:&lt;br /&gt;
*Owen, C. M., et al. (September 2007).  [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17881977 &amp;quot;The madness of Dionysus: a neurosurgical perspective on Friedrich Nietzsche&amp;quot; [abstract&amp;amp;#93;]. ''Neurosurgery'', vol. 61:3, pp. 626-32.  Abstract retrieved from National Institutes of Health, U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Center for Biotechnology Information, Pub Med on July 24, 2014.&lt;br /&gt;
*Brace, Robin A. (2006).  [http://www.ukapologetics.net/truthaboutnietzsche.html &amp;quot;Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900): the 'God is dead' man died in a state of complete insanity—but Christianity lives on!&amp;quot;]  UK Apologetics.  Retrieved on July 24, 2014.&lt;br /&gt;
*Hutchison, Fred (March 7, 2007).  [http://www.renewamerica.us/columns/hutchison/070307 &amp;quot;Liberalism and the two roads to nihilism: how liberalism can collapse into nihilism through materialism or false idealism&amp;quot;].  RenewAmerica.  Retrieved on July 24, 2014.&lt;br /&gt;
*Orth, M. and Trimble, M. R. (December 2006).  [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17087793?dopt=Abstract &amp;quot;Friedrich Nietzsche's mental illness—general paralysis of the insane vs. frontotemporal dementia&amp;quot; [abstract&amp;amp;#93;].  ''Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica'', vol. 114:6, pp. 439-45.  Abstract retrieved from National Institutes of Health, U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Center for Biotechnology Information, Pub Med on July 24, 2014.&lt;br /&gt;
*Sax, Leonard (February 2003).  [http://www.leonardsax.com/Nietzsche.pdf &amp;quot;What was the cause of Nietzsche's dementia?&amp;quot;] ''Journal of Medical Biography'', vol. 11, pp. 47-54.  Retrieved from www.leonardsax.com on July 24, 2014.&lt;br /&gt;
*Girard, René (March 1, 1988). [http://books.google.com/books?id=x4qDrNKVC5gC&amp;amp;pg=PA61&amp;amp;lpg=PA61&amp;amp;dq=Ren%C3%A9+Girard+nietzsche+and+madness&amp;amp;source=bl&amp;amp;ots=DQFLJpqjJd&amp;amp;sig=mXNq_6J6_qTciP2vW-FHojwBn20&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;ei=hv99Sp0Y2YG2B8Ogsf4B&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;oi=book_result&amp;amp;ct=result&amp;amp;resnum=1#v=onepage&amp;amp;q=&amp;amp;f=false &amp;quot;Chapter 4: Strategies of madness—Nietzsche, Wagner and Dostoevsky&amp;quot; [preview&amp;amp;#93;].  ''To Double Business Bound'' (Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press), pp. 61-82+.  Preview retrieved from GoogleBooks on July 25, 2014.&lt;br /&gt;
*Palmquist, Stephen (1995).  [http://www.hkbu.edu.hk/~ppp/top/top19 &amp;quot;Chapter 19: Nietzsche's moral breakthrough&amp;quot;].  ''The Tree of Philosophy'' (Hong Kong:  Philopsychy Press).  Retrieved from Hong Kong Baptist University website on July 25, 2014.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
An article published on the Hong Kong Baptist University website offers the following regarding the cause of Friedrich Nietzsche's insanity:&lt;br /&gt;
{{cquote|Trying to explain what caused his insanity can only be a matter of speculation. Some people believe it was the result of a physical illness. Others interpret his suffering as that of a true prophet, almost as if he were accepting the punishment on behalf of those who could not see mankind's tendency towards self-destruction so clearly. Still others regard his final fate as a natural outcome of his philosophical outlook.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;hkbu&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Palmquist, Stephen (1995).  [http://www.hkbu.edu.hk/~ppp/top/top19 &amp;quot;Chapter 19: Nietzsche's moral breakthrough&amp;quot;].  ''The Tree of Philosophy'' (Hong Kong:  Philopsychy Press).  Retrieved from Hong Kong Baptist University website on July 25, 2014.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Russian-born psychoanalyst and writer Lou Andreas-Salomé, who had a brief and tempestuous affair with Nietzsche, believed that Nietzsche's philosophy can be viewed as a reflection of his psychology and that his madness was the result of his philosophizing.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Salomé, Lou (1988).  [http://www.amazon.com/Nietzsche-Lou-Salome/dp/0252070356 ''Nietzsche'' [preview&amp;amp;#93;] (University of Illinois).  Translation of ''Friedrich Nietzsche in seinen Werken'' (1894) translated by Mandel, Elise and Mandel, Theo S.  Preview retrieved from Amazon.com on July 25, 2014.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  In addition, the French historian René Girard asserted that Nietzsche's philosophy led to his insanity.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Girard, René (March 1, 1988). [http://books.google.com/books?id=x4qDrNKVC5gC&amp;amp;pg=PA61&amp;amp;lpg=PA61&amp;amp;dq=Ren%C3%A9+Girard+nietzsche+and+madness&amp;amp;source=bl&amp;amp;ots=DQFLJpqjJd&amp;amp;sig=mXNq_6J6_qTciP2vW-FHojwBn20&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;ei=hv99Sp0Y2YG2B8Ogsf4B&amp;amp;sa=X&amp;amp;oi=book_result&amp;amp;ct=result&amp;amp;resnum=1#v=onepage&amp;amp;q=&amp;amp;f=false &amp;quot;Chapter 4: Strategies of madness—Nietzsche, Wagner and Dostoevsky&amp;quot; [preview&amp;amp;#93;].  ''To Double Business Bound'' (Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press), pp. 61-82+.  Preview retrieved from GoogleBooks on July 25, 2014.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== See also ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Atheism and negative emotions/thoughts]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== External links ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Atheism and despair:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jv3TFg9SJb4 Atheism: Unyielding Despair] - video&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Nb Atheism}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Notes ==&lt;br /&gt;
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Atheism]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Obesity]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Diseases]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Copleston</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Henry_Morris&amp;diff=1285610</id>
		<title>Henry Morris</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Henry_Morris&amp;diff=1285610"/>
		<updated>2016-10-27T02:16:05Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Copleston: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Infobox person&lt;br /&gt;
| name        = Henry Morris&lt;br /&gt;
| image       = PH2006022801720.jpg‎&lt;br /&gt;
| birth_date  = October 6, 1918&lt;br /&gt;
| birth_place = Dallas, Texas&lt;br /&gt;
| death_date  = February 25, 2006&lt;br /&gt;
| death_place = San Diego, California&lt;br /&gt;
| nationality = American&lt;br /&gt;
| spouse      = Mary Louise&lt;br /&gt;
| religion    = [[Christianity]]&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
'''Henry Madison Morris''' (October 6, 1918 to February 25, 2006) was a prominent [[young earth creationist]] and [[Christian apologetics|Christian apologist]]. He is most notable in his role in the modern creation movement, co-authoring ''[[The Genesis Flood]]'' and co-founding the [[Institute for Creation Research]] and serving as its president from 1970 until 1995 and as president emeritus until his death.  Dr. Morris was the intellectual father of the modern [[creation science]] movement, and he also first coined the term &amp;quot;creation science&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;WaPo&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Schudel, Matt (March 1, 2006). [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/02/28/AR2006022801716.html Henry Morris; Intellectual Father of 'Creation Science']. ''The Washington Post''. Retrieved October 13, 2016.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A strong proponent of [[YEC|Young Earth Creation]], Morris believed the creation account of the Bible was literally true and scientific inquiry would support his assertions.  He was a scientist himself, having graduated from Rice University in 1939 and that earned a master's degree and a Ph.D. in hydraulic engineering from the University of Minnesota. He was an author of many books against [[evolution]] and supporting creationism.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Early life and education==&lt;br /&gt;
Morris was born in [[Dallas]], [[Texas]] on October 6, 1918.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;ICR&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Dao, Christine (2009). [http://www.icr.org/article/science-man-god-henry-m-morris/ Man of Science, Man of God: Henry M. Morris]. ''ICR.org'' (taken from ''Acts &amp;amp; Facts. 38 (2): 20''). Retrieved October 13, 2016.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;NYT&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Rudoren, Jodi (March 4, 2016). [http://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/04/us/henry-m-morris-87-a-theorist-of-creationism-dies.html?_r=0 Henry M. Morris, 87, a Theorist of Creationism, Dies]. ''The New York Times''. Retrieved October 13, 2016.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; He graduated from [[Rice University]] in 1939 with a B.S.C.E. &amp;quot;with distinction&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;ICR&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;NYT&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;HallOfFame&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[http://creationsciencehalloffame.org/inductees/deceased/henry-m-morris/ Henry M. Morris]. ''Creation Science Hall of Fame''. Retrieved October 13, 2016.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Growing up, Morris was &amp;quot;religiously indifferent&amp;quot;,&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Linder&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Linder, Doug (2004). [http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/conlaw/morrish.html Henry M. Morris]. ''umkc.edu''. Retrieved October 13, 2016.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; but during his time at Rice University, he &amp;quot;began to undertake serious study of the Bible&amp;quot;,&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;WaPo&amp;quot;/&amp;gt; and shortly after graduating from Rice he became a Christian, accepting &amp;quot;the Bible--from Genesis to Revelation--as the infallible and inspired Word of God.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;ICR&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Linder&amp;quot;/&amp;gt; Morris was married to his wife, Mary Louise Beach, on January 24, 1940.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;HallOfFame&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;ICR&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Career in hydraulics==&lt;br /&gt;
After graduating from [[Rice University]], Morris worked as a hydraulic engineer in the International Boundary and Water Commission, in [[El Paso]], Texas.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;ICR&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;LooyAiG&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Looy, Mark (March 2, 2006). [https://answersingenesis.org/ministry-news/ministry/he-followed-gods-decrees-to-the-end-psalm-119-33/ He Followed God’s Decrees to the End (Psalm 119:33)]. ''Answers in Genesis''. Retrieved October 13, 2016.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; From 1942 until 1946, &amp;quot;he returned to Rice to teach civil engineering&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;ICR&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;LooyAiG&amp;quot;/&amp;gt; It was during this time that Morris began to ponder questions regarding [[Creation vs. evolution debate|origins]].&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;WaPo&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
From 1946 to 1951, Morris taught at the [[University of Minnesota]], where he also completed an M.S. in hydraulics in 1948 and a Ph.D. in hydraulic engineering in 1950.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;ICR&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;LooyAiG&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;WaPo&amp;quot;/&amp;gt; In 1946, Morris published his first book concerning creation, ''That You Might Believe'', that showed how weak the evolutionary position is.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;WaPo&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;ICR&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;HallOfFame&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
From 1951 to 1956, Morris served as a professor an chair of civil engineering at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;ICR&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;HallOfFame&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;LooyAiG&amp;quot;/&amp;gt; From 1956 to 1957, he served as a professor of applied science at Southern Illinois University, and from 1957 to 1970, he served as a professor of hydraulic engineering and department chair of civil engineering at [[Virginia Polytechnic Institute]].&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;WaPo&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;ICR&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;LooyAiG&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Morris &amp;quot;was a respected teacher&amp;quot; at Virginia Polytechnic and he wrote a textbook in 1963, ''Applied Hydraulics in Engineering'', that as of his death &amp;quot;remains a cornerstone of the field.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;WaPo&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;NYT&amp;quot;/&amp;gt; In addition to this, Morris wrote numerous scientific papers and articles, including eleven articles on hydraulics in technical journals and four hydraulics articles in the ''Encyclopedia Americana''.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;LooyAiG&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;HallOfFame&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Creation Scientist==&lt;br /&gt;
In 1961, Morris and Dr. [[John C. Whitcomb]] of [[Grace University|Grace College]] published ''[[The Genesis Flood]]'', arguably the most influential book of the modern [[creation science]] movement which gives strong scientific evidence for a young earth and for a real, global flood.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;WaPo&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;ICR&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Linder&amp;quot;/&amp;gt; Even [[Stephen Jay Gould]], who strongly opposed biblical creation, called the book &amp;quot;the founding document of the creationist movement.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;ICR&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 1963, Morris, [[Duane Gish]], and eight other biblical creationists founded the [[Creation Research Society]],&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;ICR&amp;quot;/&amp;gt; of which Morris served as president from 1967 to 1973.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;HallOfFame&amp;quot;/&amp;gt; In 1970, after resigning from his position at Virginia Polytechnic, Morris co-founded [[Christian Heritage College]], and along with it the [[Institute for Creation Research]] (ICR), with prominent pastor and writer [[Tim LaHaye]] in [[San Diego]].&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;WaPo&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;ICR&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;LooyAiG&amp;quot;/&amp;gt; Morris would serve as the president of ICR from its foundation until January 1996, and he continued to serve as president emeritus until his death.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;WaPo&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;ICR&amp;quot;/&amp;gt; In addition, Morris served as president of Christian Heritage College from 1978 to 1980.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;HallOfFame&amp;quot;/&amp;gt; ICR was given approval from the state of [[California]] in 1981 to grant masters degrees in science education, and the same year it became autonomous of Christian Heritage College.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;ICR&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
During his career, Morris wrote over sixty books, the majority of them on creation, evolution, and Christian apologetics.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;WaPo&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;ICR&amp;quot;/&amp;gt; He participated in over 100 debates against evolutionists.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;ICR&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==History of Monotheism vs. Polytheism==&lt;br /&gt;
In his book ''The Long War Against God'' (1989), Dr. Morris takes the nonconformist position that most human beings started out believing in a single Creator God, but then gradually moved towards polytheism and animism. Most anthropologists take the opposite position: that most people started out as polytheists and progressed towards monotheism. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Personal life==&lt;br /&gt;
Morris was married to his wife, Mary Louise, for 66 years, and together they had six children, seventeen grandchildren, and nine great-grandchildren.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;WaPo&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;NYT&amp;quot;/&amp;gt; Two of his sons, [[John D. Morris]] and [[Henry Morris III]], succeeded him at ICR.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;ICR&amp;quot;/&amp;gt; Morris died on February 25, 2006, after suffering from repeated strokes, at the age of 87.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;WaPo&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;ICR&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Legacy==&lt;br /&gt;
Morris is arguably the most important figure of the modern [[creation science]] movement, and he has been called the &amp;quot;father of modern creation science&amp;quot; or the &amp;quot;Darwin of the creationist movement.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;WaPo&amp;quot;/&amp;gt; In fact, he has been said to have &amp;quot;coined&amp;quot; the term &amp;quot;creation science&amp;quot;.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;WaPo&amp;quot;/&amp;gt; He wrote numerous books about creation, and his most important book is ''[[The Genesis Flood]]'', which was still in print when he died and sold about 250,000 English copies.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;NYT&amp;quot;/&amp;gt; Even many evolutionists, including [[Stephen Jay Gould]] and [[Eugenie C. Scott]], acknowledged Morris as the most important modern creationist.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;ICR&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;NYT&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Morris was an inspirational figure for many creationists. John Whitcomb, who would co-author ''The Genesis Flood'' with Morris, changed his creation position from the gap theory to a young Earth after listening to a lecture by him at Grace College in 1953.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;LooyAiG&amp;quot;/&amp;gt; ''The Genesis Flood'' played a major role in influencing [[Ken Ham]], who would become the president of [[Answers in Genesis]], to become a major figure in the creation movement himself.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Looy, Mark &amp;amp; Ham, Ken (February 20, 2011). [https://answersingenesis.org/ministry-news/core-ministry/a-flood-of-memories/ A Flood of Memories]. ''Answers in Genesis''. Retrieved October 13, 2016.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Ham said, &amp;lt;blockquote&amp;gt;&amp;quot;The grass-roots movement you see across America right now, with the school board battles, with the students questioning evolution in colleges, all of that is really in a big part due to the work of Dr. Henry Morris...All of us in the modern creationism movement today would say we stand on his shoulders.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;NYT&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/blockquote&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In addition to his role in creation science, Morris founded College Baptist Church in Blacksburg, [[Virginia]] in 1962.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;WaPo&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;HallOfFame&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External links==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://creationsciencehalloffame.org/inductees/deceased/henry-m-morris/ Henry M. Morris profile] at the ''Creation Science Hall of Fame''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{DEFAULTSORT:Morris, Henry}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Christian Apologists]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Christian Authors]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Young Earth Creationists]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Educators]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Texas]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Copleston</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Battle_of_the_Somme&amp;diff=1285606</id>
		<title>Battle of the Somme</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Battle_of_the_Somme&amp;diff=1285606"/>
		<updated>2016-10-27T02:03:02Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Copleston: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;In [[France]] in 1916 the [[British]] and French armies met at the [[Somme]] River to begin a massive attack on the [[German]]s in order to distract them from [[Verdun]].  This became the '''Battle of the Somme''', and the fighting was even heard across the [[English Channel]] in England. The Somme Offensive, which began on July 1, 1916 and ended on November 18, 1916, is remembered primarily for its death toll: 420,000 British, 200,000 French, and 500,000 German soldiers. Over a 141-day period, there were 1,120,000 casualties — all for six miles of land.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/somme.htm The Battle of the Somme], History Learning Site, (Accessed January 29, 2013).&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://www.theblaze.com/stories/2013/01/29/simply-amazing-photos-of-wwi-that-you-may-have-not-seen-before-bonus-is-that-c-s-lewis/ Simply Amazing Photos Of WWI That You May Have Not Seen Before], TheBlaze.com, January 29, 2013.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
First the [[Allies]] &amp;quot;shelled&amp;quot; (fired many shots and [[bomb]]s) at the Germans to weaken them, and then 100,000 British soldiers charged the enemy.  But the shelling did not have its intended effect, as the Germans were dug in too deeply to be majorly affected by it.  On July 1, 1916, the Germans killed 20,000 of the British soldiers and wounded over 40,000, making it the single worst day for the British in their history.  This battle, which did not succeed in moving trench lines, eventually involved over 2 million men along a 30-mile front.  The British and French lost nearly 750,000 men.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Whether or not the Somme campaign was very necessary to win the war remains controversial. The British general Douglas Haig was known to be very insensitive to the loss of human life and he consistently ignored the advise of other military and political leaders, including one incident where he prematurely deployed the newly invented combat tanks. He only used about 40 tanks and all but four of them were destroyed on the first day; the plan had initially been to use 500 tanks in order to surprise and overwhelm the Germans before they found out about the tanks. So Haig may very well have prolonged the war by two years because of his arrogance and archaic way of thinking. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Gardner, Brian. ''The Big Push''. The Quality Book Club, 1961 &amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{DEFAULTSORT:Somme, Battle of the}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:World War I Battles]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Copleston</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Jacklyn_Lucas&amp;diff=1183550</id>
		<title>Jacklyn Lucas</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Jacklyn_Lucas&amp;diff=1183550"/>
		<updated>2015-11-25T05:23:14Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Copleston: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''Jacklyn H. Lucas''' (February 14, 1928 - June 5, 2008) was a [[United States Marine Corps|United States Marine]] who was awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions during the battle of Iwo Jima in World War II. Lucas was a native of North Carolina. In 2008, Lucas passed away of Leukemia at age 80. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Military service ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In August 1942, Lucas forged his mother's signature and enlisted in the U.S. Marine Corps at age 14. He received his basic training at Parris Island, South Carolina. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Eager to fight the Japanese, Lucas went AWOL and boarded a train headed for California rather than be assigned to a training camp in North Carolina. After spending some time in California, he was sent to Hawaii and attached to the Sixth Base Depot as a trash truck driver. Still eager for combat, Lucas went AWOL a second time in January 1945 and snuck onto the USS Deuel which carried the 1st Battalion, 26th Marines and was on its way to Iwo Jima. On February 8, 1945, he turned himself in to the officers and they attached him to the unit. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== Iwo Jima =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lucas landed on Iwo Jima with his unit on February 19, 1945 and the next day, he jumped on a Japanese grenade which exploded, severely wounding Lucas and saving the lives of several of his fellow marines. While the injuries were extensive, Lucas survived and was awarded the Medal of Honor by [[Harry Truman|President Truman]] for his gallantry in combat. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In his 2006 book ''Indestructible: The Unforgettable Story of a Marine Hero at the Battle of Iwo Jima'', Lucas says that when he got wounded, he prayed to God that he would survive his wounds, which he did. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Soldiers]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Christians]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: World War II]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Copleston</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Jacklyn_Lucas&amp;diff=1183547</id>
		<title>Jacklyn Lucas</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Jacklyn_Lucas&amp;diff=1183547"/>
		<updated>2015-11-25T05:20:29Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Copleston: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''Jacklyn H. Lucas''' (February 14, 1928 - June 5, 2008) was a [[United States Marine Corps|United States Marine]] who was awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions during the battle of Iwo Jima in World War II. Lucas was a native of North Carolina. In 2008, Lucas passed away of Leukemia at age 80. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Military service ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In August 1942, Lucs forged his mother's signature and enlisted in the U.S. Marine Corps at age 14. He received his basic training at Parris Island, South Carolina. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Eager to fight the Japanese, Lucas went AWOL and boarded a train headed for California rather than be assigned to a training camp in North Carolina. After spending some time in California, he was sent to Hawaii and attached to the Sixth Base Depot as a trash truck driver. Still eager for combat, Lucas went AWOL a second time in January 1945 and snuck onto the USS Deuel which carried the 1st Battalion, 26th Marines and was on its way to Iwo Jima. On February 8, 1945, he turned himself in to the officers and they attached him to the unit. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== Iwo Jima =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lucas landed on Iwo Jima with his unit on February 19, 1945 and the next day, he jumped on a Japanese grenade which exploded, severely wounding Lucas and saving the lives of several of his fellow marines. While the injuries were extensive, Lucas survived and was awarded the Medal of Honor by [[Harry Truman|President Truman]] for his gallantry in combat. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In his 2006 book ''Indestructible: The Unforgettable Story of a Marine Hero at the Battle of Iwo Jima'', Lucas says that when he got wounded, he prayed to God that he would survive his wounds, which he did. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Soldiers]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Christians]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: World War II]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Copleston</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Jacklyn_Lucas&amp;diff=1183546</id>
		<title>Jacklyn Lucas</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Jacklyn_Lucas&amp;diff=1183546"/>
		<updated>2015-11-25T05:17:53Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Copleston: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''Jacklyn H. Lucas''' (February 14, 1928 - June 5, 2008) was a [[United States Marine Corps|United States Marine]] who was awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions during the battle of Iwo Jima in World War II. Lucas was a native of North Carolina. In 2008, Lucas passed away of Leukemia at age 80. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Military service ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In August 1942, Lucs forged his mother's signature and enlisted in the U.S. Marine Corps at age 14. He received his basic training at Parris Island, South Carolina. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Eager to fight the Japanese, Lucas went AWOL and boarded a train headed for California rather than be assigned to a training camp in North Carolina. After spending some time in California, he was sent to Hawaii and attached to the Sixth Base Depot as a trash truck driver. Still eager for combat, Lucas went AWOL a second time in January 1945 and snuck onto the USS Deuel which carried the 1st Battalion, 26th Marines and was on its way to Iwo Jima. On February 8, 1945, he turned himself in to the officers and they attached him to the unit. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== Iwo Jima =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lucas landed on Iwo Jima with his unit on February 19, 1945 and the next day, he jumped on a Japanese grenade which exploded, severely wounding Lucas and saving the lives of several of his fellow marines. While the injuries were extensive, Lucas survived and was awarded the Medal of Honor by [[Harry Truman|President Truman]] for his gallantry in combat. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In his 2006 book ''Indestructible: The Unforgettable Story of a Marine Hero at the Battle of Iwo Jima'', Lucas says that when he got wounded, he prayed to God that he would survive his wounds, which he did. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Soldiers]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Christians]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Copleston</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Jacklyn_Lucas&amp;diff=1183544</id>
		<title>Jacklyn Lucas</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Jacklyn_Lucas&amp;diff=1183544"/>
		<updated>2015-11-25T05:16:10Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Copleston: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''Jacklyn H. Lucas''' (February 14, 1928 - June 5, 2008) was a [[United States Marine Corps|United States Marine]] who was awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions during the battle of Iwo Jima in World War II. Lucas was a native of North Carolina. In 2008, Lucas passed away of Leukemia at age 80. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Military service ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In August 1942, Lucs forged his mother's signature and enlisted in the U.S. Marine Corps at age 14. He received his basic training at Parris Island, South Carolina. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Eager to fight the Japanese, Lucas went AWOL and boarded a train headed for California rather than be assigned to a training camp in North Carolina. After spending some time in California, he was sent to Hawaii and attached to the Sixth Base Depot as a trash truck driver. Still eager for combat, Lucas went AWOL a second time in January 1945 and snuck onto the USS Deuel which carried the 1st Battalion, 26th Marines and was on its way to Iwo Jima. On February 8, 1945, he turned himself in to the officers and they attached him to the unit. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== Iwo Jima =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lucas landed on Iwo Jima with his unit on February 19, 1945 and the next day, he jumped on a Japanese grenade which exploded, severely wounding Lucas and saving the lives of several of his fellow marines. While the injuries were extensive, Lucas survived and was awarded the Medal of Honor for his gallantry in combat. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In his 2006 book ''Indestructible: The Unforgettable Story of a Marine Hero at the Battle of Iwo Jima'', Lucas says that when he got wounded, he prayed to God that he would survive his wounds, which he did. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Soldiers]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Christians]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Copleston</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Jacklyn_Lucas&amp;diff=1183543</id>
		<title>Jacklyn Lucas</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Jacklyn_Lucas&amp;diff=1183543"/>
		<updated>2015-11-25T05:15:15Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Copleston: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''Jacklyn H. Lucas''' (February 14, 1928 - June 5, 2008) was a [[United States Marine Corps|United States Marine]] who was awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions during the battle of Iwo Jima in World War II. Lucas was a native of North Carolina. In 2008, Lucas passed away of Leukemia at age 80. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Military service ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In August 1942, Lucs forged his mother's signature and enlisted in the U.S. Marine Corps at age 14. He received his basic training at Parris Island, South Carolina. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Eager to fight the Japanese, Lucas went AWOL and boarded a train headed for California rather than be assigned to a training camp in North Carolina. After spending some time in California, he was sent to Hawaii and attached to the Sixth Base Depot as a trash truck driver. Still eager for combat, Lucas went AWOL a second time and snuck onto the USS Deuel which carried the 1st Battalion, 26th Marines and was on its way to Iwo Jima. On February 8, 1945, he turned himself in to the officers and they attached him to the unit. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== Iwo Jima =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lucas landed on Iwo Jima with his unit on February 19, 1945 and the next day, he jumped on a Japanese grenade which exploded, severely wounding Lucas and saving the lives of several of his fellow marines. While the injuries were extensive, Lucas survived and was awarded the Medal of Honor for his gallantry in combat. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In his 2006 book ''Indestructible: The Unforgettable Story of a Marine Hero at the Battle of Iwo Jima'', Lucas says that when he got wounded, he prayed to God that he would survive his wounds, which he did. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Soldiers]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Christians]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Copleston</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Jacklyn_Lucas&amp;diff=1183542</id>
		<title>Jacklyn Lucas</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Jacklyn_Lucas&amp;diff=1183542"/>
		<updated>2015-11-25T05:14:29Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Copleston: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''Jacklyn H. Lucas''' (February 14, 1928 - June 5, 2008) was a [[United States Marine Corps|United States Marine]] who was awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions during the battle of Iwo Jima in World War II. Lucas was a native of North Carolina. In 2008, Lucas passed away of Leukemia at age 80. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Military service ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In August 1942, Lucs forged his mother's signature and enlisted in the U.S. Marine Corps at age 14. He received his basic training at Parris Island, South Carolina. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Eager to fight the Japanese, Lucas went AWOL and boarded a train headed for California rather than be assigned to a training camp in North Carolina. After spending some time in California, he was sent to Hawaii and attached to the Sixth Base Depot as a trash truck driver. Still eager for combat, Lucas went AWOl a second time and snuck onto the USS Deuel which carried the 1st Battalion, 26th Marines and was on its way to Iwo Jima. On February 8, 1945, he turned himself in to the officers and they attached him to the unit. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== Iwo Jima =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lucas landed on Iwo Jima with his unit on February 19, 1945 and the next day, he jumped on a Japanese grenade which exploded, severely wounding Lucas and saving the lives of several of his fellow marines. While the injuries were extensive, Lucas survived and was awarded the Medal of Honor for his gallantry in combat. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In his 2006 book ''Indestructible: The Unforgettable Story of a Marine Hero at the Battle of Iwo Jima'', Lucas says that when he got wounded, he prayed to God that he would survive his wounds, which he did. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Soldiers]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Christians]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Copleston</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Jacklyn_Lucas&amp;diff=1183540</id>
		<title>Jacklyn Lucas</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Jacklyn_Lucas&amp;diff=1183540"/>
		<updated>2015-11-25T05:11:24Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Copleston: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''Jacklyn H. Lucas''' (February 14, 1928 - June 5, 2008) was a [[United States Marine Corps|United States Marine]] who was awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions during the battle of Iwo Jima in World War II. Lucas was a native of North Carolina. In 2008, Lucas passed away of Leukemia at age 80. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Military service ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In August 1942, Lucs forged his mother's signature and enlisted in the U.S. Marine Corps at age 14. He received his basic training at Parris Island, South Carolina. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Eager to fight the Japanese, Lucas went AWOL and boarded a train headed for California rather than be assigned to a training camp in North Carolina. After spending some time in California, he was sent to Hawaii and attached to the Sixth Base Depot as a trash truck driver. Still eager for combat, Lucas then snuck onto the USS Deuel which carried the 1st Battalion, 26th Marines and was on its way to Iwo Jima. On February 8, 1945, he turned himself in to the officers and they attached him to the unit. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== Iwo Jima =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lucas landed on Iwo Jima with his unit on February 19, 1945 and the next day, he jumped on a Japanese grenade which exploded, severely wounding Lucas and saving the lives of several of his fellow marines. While the injuries were extensive, Lucas survived and was awarded the Medal of Honor for his gallantry in combat. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In his 2006 book ''Indestructible: The Unforgettable Story of a Marine Hero at the Battle of Iwo JIma'', Lucas says that when he got wounded, he prayed to God that he would survive his wounds, which he did. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Soldiers]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Christians]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Copleston</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Jacklyn_Lucas&amp;diff=1183539</id>
		<title>Jacklyn Lucas</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Jacklyn_Lucas&amp;diff=1183539"/>
		<updated>2015-11-25T05:09:33Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Copleston: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''Jacklyn H. Lucas''' (February 14, 1928 - June 5, 2008) was a [[United States Marine Corps|United States Marine]] who was awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions during the battle of Iwo Jima in World War II. Lucas was a native of North Carolina. In 2008, Lucas passed away of Leukemia at age 80. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Military service ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In August 1942, Lucs forged his mother's signature and enlisted in the U.S. Marine Corps at age 14. He received his basic training at Parris Island, South Carolina. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Eager to fight the Japanese, Lucas went AWOL and boarded a train headed for California rather than be assigned to a training camp in North Carolina. After spending some time in California, he was sent to Hawaii and attached to the Sixth Base Depot as a trash truck driver. Still eager for combat, Lucas then snuck onto the USS Deuel which carried the 1st Battalion, 26th Marines and was on its way to Iwo Jima. On February 8, 1945, he turned himself in to the officers and they attached him to the unit. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== Iwo Jima =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lucas landed on Iwo Jima with his unit on February 19, 1945 and the next day, he jumped on a Japanese grenade which exploded, severely wounding Lucas. While the injuries were extensive, Lucas survived and was awarded the Medal of Honor for his gallantry in combat. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In his 2006 book ''Indestructible: The Unforgettable Story of a Marine Hero at the Battle of Iwo JIma'', Lucas says that when he got wounded, he prayed to God that he would survive his wounds, which he did. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Soldiers]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Christians]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Copleston</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Jacklyn_Lucas&amp;diff=1183538</id>
		<title>Jacklyn Lucas</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Jacklyn_Lucas&amp;diff=1183538"/>
		<updated>2015-11-25T05:09:05Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Copleston: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''Jacklyn H. Lucas''' (February 14, 1928 - June 5, 2008) was a [[United States Marine Corps|United States Marine]] who was awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions during the battle of Iwo Jima in World War II. Lucas was a native of North Carolina. In 2008, Lucas passed away of Leukemia at age 80. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Military service ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In August 1942, Lucs forged his mother's signature and enlisted in the U.S. Marine Corps at age 14. He received his basic training at Parris Island, South Carolina. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Eager to fight the Japanese, Lucas went AWOL and boarded a train headed for California rather than be assigned to a training camp in North Carolina. After spending some time in California, he was sent to Hawaii and attached to the Sixth Base Depot as a trash truck driver. Still eager for combat, Lucas then snuck onto the USS Deuel which carried the 1st Battalion, 26th Marines and was on its way to Iwo Jima. On February 8, 1945, he turned himself into the officers and they attached him to the unit. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== Iwo Jima =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lucas landed on Iwo Jima with his unit on February 19, 1945 and the next day, he jumped on a Japanese grenade which exploded, severely wounding Lucas. While the injuries were extensive, Lucas survived and was awarded the Medal of Honor for his gallantry in combat. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In his 2006 book ''Indestructible: The Unforgettable Story of a Marine Hero at the Battle of Iwo JIma'', Lucas says that when he got wounded, he prayed to God that he would survive his wounds, which he did. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Soldiers]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Christians]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Copleston</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Jacklyn_Lucas&amp;diff=1183537</id>
		<title>Jacklyn Lucas</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Jacklyn_Lucas&amp;diff=1183537"/>
		<updated>2015-11-25T05:08:42Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Copleston: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''Jacklyn H. Lucas''' (February 14, 1928 - June 5, 2008) was a [[United States Marine Corps|United States Marine]] who was awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions during the battle of Iwo Jima in World War II. Lucas was a native of North Carolina. In 2008, Lucas passed away of Leukemia at age 80. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Military service ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In August 1942, Lucs forged his mother's signature and enlisted in the U.S. Marine Corps at age 14. He received his basic training at Parris Island, South Carolina. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Eager to fight the Japanese, Lucas went AWOL and boarded a train headed for California rather than be assigned to a training camp in North Carolina. After spending some time in California, he was sent to Hawaii and attached to the Sixth Base Depot as a trash truck driver. Still eager for combat, Lucas then snuck onto the USS Deuel which carried the 1st Battalion, 26th Marines and was on its way to Iwo Jima. On February 8, 1945, he turned himself into the officers and they attached him to the unit. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== Iwo Jima =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lucas landed on Iwo Jim with his unit on February 19, 1945 and the next day, he jumped on a Japanese grenade which exploded, severely wounding Lucas. While the injuries were extensive, Lucas survived and was awarded the Medal of Honor for his gallantry in combat. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In his 2006 book ''Indestructible: The Unforgettable Story of a Marine Hero at the Battle of Iwo JIma'', Lucas says that when he got wounded, he prayed to God that he would survive his wounds, which he did. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Soldiers]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Christians]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Copleston</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Jacklyn_Lucas&amp;diff=1183536</id>
		<title>Jacklyn Lucas</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Jacklyn_Lucas&amp;diff=1183536"/>
		<updated>2015-11-25T05:08:12Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Copleston: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''Jacklyn H. Lucas''' (February 14, 1928 - June 5, 2008) was a [[United States Marine Corps|United States Marine]] who was awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions during the battle of Iwo Jima in World War II. Lucas was a native of North Carolina. In 2008, Lucas passed away of Leukemia at age 80. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Military service ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In August 1942, Lucs forged his mother's signature and enlisted in the U.S. Marine Corps at age 14. He received his basic training at Parris Island, South Carolina. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Eager to fight the Japanese, Lucas went AWOL and boarded a train headed for California rather than be assigned to a training camp in North Carolina. After spending some time in California, he was sent to Hawaii and attached to the Sixth Base Depot as a trash truck driver. Still eager for combat, Lucas then snuck onto the USS Deuel which carried the 1st Battalion, 26th Marines and was on its way to Iwo Jima. On February 8, 1945, he turned himself into the officers and they attached him to the unit. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== Iwo Jima =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lucas landed with his unit on February 19, 1945 and the next day, he jumped on a Japanese grenade which exploded, severely wounding Lucas. While the injuries were extensive, Lucas survived and was awarded the Medal of Honor for his gallantry in combat. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In his 2006 book ''Indestructible: The Unforgettable Story of a Marine Hero at the Battle of Iwo JIma'', Lucas says that when he got wounded, he prayed to God that he would survive his wounds, which he did. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Soldiers]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Christians]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Copleston</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Jacklyn_Lucas&amp;diff=1183535</id>
		<title>Jacklyn Lucas</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Jacklyn_Lucas&amp;diff=1183535"/>
		<updated>2015-11-25T05:07:50Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Copleston: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''Jacklyn H. Lucas''' (February 14, 1928 - June 5, 2008) was a [[United States Marine Corps|United States Marine]] who was awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions during the battle of Iwo Jima in World War II. Lucas was a native of North Carolina. In 2008, Lucas passed away of Leukemia at age 80. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Military service ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In August 1942, Lucs forged his mother's signature and enlisted in the U.S. Marine Corps at age 14. He received his basic training at Parris Island, South Carolina. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Eager to fight the Japanese, Lucas went AWOL and boarded a train headed for California rather than be assigned to a training camp in North Carolina. After spending some time in California, he was sent to Hawaii and attached to the Sixth Base Depot as a trash truck driver. Still eager for combat, Lucas then snuck onto the USS Deuel which carried the 1st Battalion, 26th Marines and was on its way to Iwo Jima. On February 8, 1945, he turned himself into the officers and they attached him to the unit. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== Iwo Jima =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lucas landed with his unit on February 19, 1945 and the next day, he jumped on a Japanese grenade which exploded, severely wounding Lucas. While the injuries were extensive, Lucas survived and was awarded the Medal of Honor for his gallantry in combat. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In his 2006 book ''Indestructible: The Unforgettable Story of a Marine Hero at the Battle of Iwo JIma'', Lucas says that when he got wounded, he prayed to God that he would survive his wounds, which he did. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Soldiers]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Christians]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Copleston</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Jacklyn_Lucas&amp;diff=1183534</id>
		<title>Jacklyn Lucas</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Jacklyn_Lucas&amp;diff=1183534"/>
		<updated>2015-11-25T05:07:31Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Copleston: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''Jacklyn H. Lucas''' (February 14, 1928 - June 5, 2008) was a [[United States Marine Corps|United States Marine]] who was awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions during the battle of Iwo Jima in World War II. Lucas was a native of North Carolina. In 2008, Lucas passed away of Leukemia at age 80. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Military service ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In August 1942, Lucs forged his mother's signature and enlisted in the U.S. Marine Corps at age 14. He received his basic training at Parris Island, South Carolina. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Eager to fight the Japanese, Lucas went AWOL and boarded a train headed for California rather than be assigned to a training camp in North Carolina. After spending some time in California, he was sent to Hawaii and attached to the Sixth Base Depot as a trash truck driver. Still eager for combat, Lucas then snuck onto the USS Deuel which carried the 1st Battalion, 26th Marines and was on its way to Iwo Jima. On February 8, 1945, he turned himself into the officers and they attached him to the unit. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== Iwo Jima =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lucas landed with his unit on February 19, 1945 and the next day, he jumped on a Japanese grenade which exploded, severely wounding Lucas. While the injuries were extensive, Lucas survived and was awarded the Medal of Honor for his gallantry in combat. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In his 2006 book ''Indestructible: The Unforgettable Story of a Marine Hero at the Battle of Iwo JIma'', Lucas says that when he got wounded, he prayed to God that he would survive his wounds, which he did. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: U.S. Marines]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Christians]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Copleston</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Jacklyn_Lucas&amp;diff=1183533</id>
		<title>Jacklyn Lucas</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Jacklyn_Lucas&amp;diff=1183533"/>
		<updated>2015-11-25T05:07:06Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Copleston: Created page with &amp;quot;'''Jacklyn H. Lucas''' (February 14, 1928 - June 5, 2008) was a United States Marine who was awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions during t...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''Jacklyn H. Lucas''' (February 14, 1928 - June 5, 2008) was a [[United States Marine Corps|United States Marine]] who was awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions during the battle of Iwo Jima in World War II. Lucas was a native of North Carolina. In 2008, Lucas passed away of Leukemia at age 80. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Military service ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In August 1942, Lucs forged his mother's signature and enlisted in the U.S. Marine Corps at age 14. He received his basic training at Parris Island, South Carolina. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Eager to fight the Japanese, Lucas went AWOL and boarded a train headed for California rather than be assigned to a training camp in North Carolina. After spending some time in California, he was sent to Hawaii and attached to the Sixth Base Depot as a trash truck driver. Still eager for combat, Lucas then snuck onto the USS Deuel which carried the 1st Battalion, 26th Marines and was on its way to Iwo Jima. On February 8, 1945, he turned himself into the officers and they attached him to the unit. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===== Iwo Jima =====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lucas landed with his unit on February 19, 1945 and the next day, he jumped on a Japanese grenade which exploded, severely wounding Lucas. While the injuries were extensive, Lucas survived and was awarded the Medal of Honor for his gallantry in combat. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In his 2006 book ''Indestructible: The Unforgettable Story of a Marine Hero at the Battle of Iwo JIma'', Lucas says that when he got wounded, he prayed to God that he would survive his wounds, which he did. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Marines]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Christians]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Copleston</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Charles_Suver&amp;diff=1165460</id>
		<title>Charles Suver</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Charles_Suver&amp;diff=1165460"/>
		<updated>2015-07-17T21:56:40Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Copleston: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''Fr. Charles F. Suver, S.J.''' (1906 - 1993) was a [[Jesuit]] priest and military chaplain who is most well known for a relatively famous photograph of him giving Catholic Mass atop Mount Suribachi during the battle of [[Iwo Jima]] on February 23, 1945. Fr. Suver was born in Ellensburg, Washington and graduated from Seattle College.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19930415&amp;amp;slug=1695978&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Naval Service===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Suver served as a chaplain in the [[U. S. Navy]] during World War II and was assigned to the 5th Service Battalion, 5th Marine Division. He landed at Green beach on Iwo Jima with his ministry team on February 19, 1945.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://goodjesuitbadjesuit.blogspot.com/2013/05/fr-charles-f-suver-sj-jesuit-of-iwo-jima.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Fr. Suver was one of 19 Catholic chaplains who served with the Marines in the Iwo Jima operation.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; http://the-american-catholic.com/2009/03/30/the-mass-on-mount-suribachi/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Donald Crosby, also a Jesuit, wrote about Fr. Charles Suver in his book, ''Battlefield Chaplains: Catholic Priests in World War II'' (University Press of Kansas, 1994).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Christians]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Clergy]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Sailors]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Copleston</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Charles_Suver&amp;diff=1165459</id>
		<title>Charles Suver</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Charles_Suver&amp;diff=1165459"/>
		<updated>2015-07-17T21:55:32Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Copleston: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''Fr. Charles F. Suver, S.J.''' (1906 - 1993) was a [[Jesuit]] priest and military chaplain who is most well known for a relatively famous photograph of him giving Catholic Mass atop Mount Suribachi during the battle of [[Iwo Jima]] on February 23, 1945. Fr. Suver was born in Ellensburg, Washington and graduated from Seattle College.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19930415&amp;amp;slug=1695978&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Naval Service===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Suver served as a chaplain in the [[U. S. Navy]] during World War II and was assigned to the 5th Service Battalion, 5th Marine Division. He landed at Green beach on Iwo Jima with his ministry team on February 19, 1945.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://goodjesuitbadjesuit.blogspot.com/2013/05/fr-charles-f-suver-sj-jesuit-of-iwo-jima.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Fr. Suver was one of 19 Catholic chaplains who served with the Marines in the Iwo Jima operation.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; http://the-american-catholic.com/2009/03/30/the-mass-on-mount-suribachi/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; He is written about in Donald Crosby's book, ''Battlefield Chaplains: Catholic Priests in World War II'' (University Press of Kansas, 1994).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Christians]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Clergy]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Sailors]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Copleston</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Charles_Suver&amp;diff=1165458</id>
		<title>Charles Suver</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Charles_Suver&amp;diff=1165458"/>
		<updated>2015-07-17T21:48:40Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Copleston: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''Fr. Charles F. Suver, S.J.''' (1906 - 1993) was a [[Jesuit]] priest and military chaplain who is most well known for a relatively famous photograph of him giving Catholic Mass atop Mount Suribachi during the battle of [[Iwo Jima]] on February 23, 1945. Fr. Suver was born in Ellensburg, Washington and graduated from Seattle College.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19930415&amp;amp;slug=1695978&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Naval Service===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Suver served as a chaplain in the [[U. S. Navy]] during World War II and was assigned to the 5th Service Battalion, 5th Marine Division. He landed at Green beach on Iwo Jima with his ministry team on February 19, 1945.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://goodjesuitbadjesuit.blogspot.com/2013/05/fr-charles-f-suver-sj-jesuit-of-iwo-jima.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Fr. Suver was one of 19 Catholic chaplains who served with the Marines in the Iwo Jima operation.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; http://the-american-catholic.com/2009/03/30/the-mass-on-mount-suribachi/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Christians]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Clergy]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Sailors]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Copleston</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Charles_Suver&amp;diff=1165457</id>
		<title>Charles Suver</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Charles_Suver&amp;diff=1165457"/>
		<updated>2015-07-17T21:44:57Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Copleston: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''Fr. Charles F. Suver, S.J.''' (1906 - 1993) was a [[Jesuit]] priest and military chaplain who is most well known for a relatively famous photograph of him giving Catholic Mass atop Mount Suribachi during the battle of [[Iwo Jima]] on February 23, 1945. Fr. Suver was born in Ellensburg, Washington and graduated from Seattle College.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19930415&amp;amp;slug=1695978&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Naval Service===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Suver served as a chaplain in the [[U. S. Navy]] during World War II and was assigned to the 5th Service Battalion, 5th Marine Division. He landed at Green beach on Iwo Jima with his ministry team on February 19, 1945.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://goodjesuitbadjesuit.blogspot.com/2013/05/fr-charles-f-suver-sj-jesuit-of-iwo-jima.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Fr. Suver was one of 19 Catholic chaplains who served with the Marines in the Iwo Jima operation.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; http://the-american-catholic.com/2009/03/30/the-mass-on-mount-suribachi/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Christians]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Clergy]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Copleston</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Charles_Suver&amp;diff=1165456</id>
		<title>Charles Suver</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Charles_Suver&amp;diff=1165456"/>
		<updated>2015-07-17T21:44:16Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Copleston: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''Fr. Charles F. Suver, S.J.''' (1906 - 1993) was a [[Jesuit]] priest and military chaplain who is most well known for a relatively famous photograph of him giving Catholic Mass atop Mount Suribachi during the battle of [[Iwo Jima]] on February 23, 1945. Fr. Suver was born in Ellensburg, Washington and graduated from Seattle College.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19930415&amp;amp;slug=1695978&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Naval Service===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Suver served as a chaplain in the [[U. S. Navy]] during World War II and was assigned to the 5th Service Battalion, 5th Marine Division. He landed at Green beach on Iwo Jima with his ministry team on February 19, 1945.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://goodjesuitbadjesuit.blogspot.com/2013/05/fr-charles-f-suver-sj-jesuit-of-iwo-jima.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Fr. Suver was one of 19 Catholic chaplains who served with the Marines in the Iwo Jima operation.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; http://the-american-catholic.com/2009/03/30/the-mass-on-mount-suribachi/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Christians]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Copleston</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Charles_Suver&amp;diff=1165453</id>
		<title>Charles Suver</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Charles_Suver&amp;diff=1165453"/>
		<updated>2015-07-17T21:29:45Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Copleston: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''Fr. Charles F. Suver, S.J.''' (1906 - 1993) was a [[Jesuit]] priest and military chaplain who is most well known for a relatively famous photograph of him giving Catholic Mass atop Mount Suribachi during the battle of [[Iwo Jima]] on February 23, 1945. Fr. Suver was born in Ellensburg, Washington and graduated from Seattle College.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19930415&amp;amp;slug=1695978&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Naval Service===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Suver served as a chaplain in the [[U. S. Navy]] during World War II and was assigned to the 5th Service Battalion, 5th Marine Division. He landed at Green beach on Iwo Jima with his ministry team on February 19, 1945.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://goodjesuitbadjesuit.blogspot.com/2013/05/fr-charles-f-suver-sj-jesuit-of-iwo-jima.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Fr. Suver was one of 19 Catholic chaplains who served with the Marines in the Iwo Jima operation.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; http://the-american-catholic.com/2009/03/30/the-mass-on-mount-suribachi/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Copleston</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Charles_Suver&amp;diff=1165452</id>
		<title>Charles Suver</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Charles_Suver&amp;diff=1165452"/>
		<updated>2015-07-17T21:29:22Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Copleston: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''Fr. Charles F. Suver, S.J.''' (1906 - 1993) was a [[Jesuit]] priest and military chaplain who is most well known for a relatively famous photograph of him giving Catholic Mass atop Mount Suribachi during the battle of [[Iwo Jima]] on February 23, 1945. Fr. Suver was born in Ellensburg, Washington and graduated from Seattle College.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19930415&amp;amp;slug=1695978&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Naval Service===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Suver served as a chaplain in the [[U. S. Navy]] during World War II and was assigned to the 5th Service Battalion, 5th Marine Division. He landed at Green beach on Iwo Jima with his ministry team on February 19, 1945.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://goodjesuitbadjesuit.blogspot.com/2013/05/fr-charles-f-suver-sj-jesuit-of-iwo-jima.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Fr. Suver was one of 19 Catholic Catholic chaplains who served with the Marines in the Iwo Jima operation.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt; http://the-american-catholic.com/2009/03/30/the-mass-on-mount-suribachi/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Copleston</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Charles_Suver&amp;diff=1165451</id>
		<title>Charles Suver</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Charles_Suver&amp;diff=1165451"/>
		<updated>2015-07-17T21:19:40Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Copleston: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''Fr. Charles F. Suver, S.J.''' (1906 - 1993) was a [[Jesuit]] priest and military chaplain who is most well known for a relatively famous photograph of him giving Catholic Mass atop Mount Suribachi during the battle of [[Iwo Jima]] on February 23, 1945. Fr. Suver was born in Ellensburg, Washington and graduated from Seattle College.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19930415&amp;amp;slug=1695978&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
===Naval Service===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Suver served as a chaplain in the [[U. S. Navy]] during World War II and was assigned to the 5th Service Battalion, 5th Marine Division. He landed at Green beach on Iwo Jima with his ministry team on February 19, 1945.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://goodjesuitbadjesuit.blogspot.com/2013/05/fr-charles-f-suver-sj-jesuit-of-iwo-jima.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Copleston</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Charles_Suver&amp;diff=1165449</id>
		<title>Charles Suver</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Charles_Suver&amp;diff=1165449"/>
		<updated>2015-07-17T21:15:16Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Copleston: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''Fr. Charles F. Suver, S.J.''' (1906 - 1993) was a [[Jesuit]] priest and military chaplain who is most well known for a relatively famous photograph of him giving Catholic Mass atop Mount Suribachi during the battle of [[Iwo Jima]] on February 23, 1945. Fr. Suver was born in Ellensburg, Washington and graduated from Seattle College.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19930415&amp;amp;slug=1695978&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
===Naval Service===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Suver served as a chaplain in the [[U. S. Navy]] and was assigned to the 5th Service Battalion, 5th Marine Division. He landed at Green beach on Iwo Jima with his ministry team on February 19, 1945.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://goodjesuitbadjesuit.blogspot.com/2013/05/fr-charles-f-suver-sj-jesuit-of-iwo-jima.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Copleston</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Charles_Suver&amp;diff=1165448</id>
		<title>Charles Suver</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Charles_Suver&amp;diff=1165448"/>
		<updated>2015-07-17T21:14:09Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Copleston: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''Fr. Charles F. Suver, S.J.''' (1906 - 1993) was a [[Jesuit]] priest and military chaplain who is most well known for a relatively famous photograph of him giving Catholic Mass atop Mount Suribachi during the battle of [[Iwo Jima]] on February 23, 1945. Fr. Suver was born in Ellensburd, Washington and graduated from Seattle College.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19930415&amp;amp;slug=1695978&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
===Naval Service===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Suver served as a chaplain in the [[U. S. Navy]] and was assigned to the 5th Service Battalion, 5th Marine Division. He landed at Green beach on Iwo Jima with his ministry team on February 19, 1945.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://goodjesuitbadjesuit.blogspot.com/2013/05/fr-charles-f-suver-sj-jesuit-of-iwo-jima.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Copleston</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Charles_Suver&amp;diff=1165447</id>
		<title>Charles Suver</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Charles_Suver&amp;diff=1165447"/>
		<updated>2015-07-17T21:07:53Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Copleston: Created page with &amp;quot;'''Fr. Charles F. Suver, S.J.''' (1906 - 1993) was a Jesuit priest and military chaplain who is most well known for a relatively famous photograph of him giving Catholic Mass...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''Fr. Charles F. Suver, S.J.''' (1906 - 1993) was a [[Jesuit]] priest and military chaplain who is most well known for a relatively famous photograph of him giving Catholic Mass atop Mount Suribachi during the battle of [[Iwo Jima]] on February 23, 1945. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19930415&amp;amp;slug=1695978&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
===Naval Service===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Suver served as a chaplain in the [[U. S. Navy]] and was assigned to the 5th Service Battalion, 5th Marine Division. He landed at Green beach on Iwo Jima with his ministry team on February 19, 1945. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://goodjesuitbadjesuit.blogspot.com/2013/05/fr-charles-f-suver-sj-jesuit-of-iwo-jima.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Copleston</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Alister_McGrath&amp;diff=1163749</id>
		<title>Alister McGrath</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Alister_McGrath&amp;diff=1163749"/>
		<updated>2015-07-07T16:57:18Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Copleston: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''Alister McGrath''' (born 23 January 1953) is a [[Northern Ireland|Northern Irish]] biologist and Christian apologist. He is a Professor of Historical Theology at [[Oxford]] University. He was a previous head of Wycliffe Hall, one of Oxford's religious Permanent Private Halls.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
McGrath, a former [[atheist]], is one of the world's leading critics of [[Richard Dawkins]]. He published a critique of Dawkins' book ''[[The God Delusion]]'' titled ''The Dawkins Delusion?''. Another book of McGrath's is called ''The Twilight of Atheism'', which chronicles the fluctuation of atheism throughout history. He has also publicly debated Dawkins as well as other well-known atheist intellectuals, including Stephen Law, Daniel Dennett, and Christopher Hitchens. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 2013, McGrath's biography on the Christian intellectual [[C.S. Lewis]] was published. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{DEFAULTSORT: McGrath, Alister}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Authors]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Christian Apologists]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Former Atheists]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Christians]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Christian Authors]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Copleston</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=William_F._Buckley,_Jr.&amp;diff=1163748</id>
		<title>William F. Buckley, Jr.</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=William_F._Buckley,_Jr.&amp;diff=1163748"/>
		<updated>2015-07-07T16:53:53Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Copleston: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[Image:6436rtdhgf.jpg|right|thumb|William F. Buckley, Jr., on his long-running television show [[Firing Line]].]]&lt;br /&gt;
'''William Frank Buckley Jr.''' (New York City, November 24, 1925 - Stamford, February 27, 2008) was born in a devoutly [[Roman Catholic]] family. Buckley was a prominent [[conservative]] author and commentator, and the founder of the [[National Review]]. He was also host of [[Firing Line]], a talk show featured for years on the otherwise [[liberal]] public television.  He was admired on both sides of the political spectrum for his seemingly limitless vocabulary, and his intellectual wit.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Buckley's political views did not represent the future of the conservative movement as much as its past, and he did not speak out much about the big social issues that would dominate the future of politics.  For example, he was mostly silent about [[ERA]], the defining issue for the modern conservative movement.  Buckley's views could be almost summed up in one word -- anti-collectivist -- as reflected by his book &amp;quot;Up From Liberalism&amp;quot; (1959):&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.politico.com/blogs/joe-scarborough/2013/08/conservatism-defined-170716.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{cquote|I will not cede more power to the state. I will not willingly cede more power to anyone, not to the state, not to General Motors, not to the CIO. I will hoard my power like a miser, resisting every effort to drain it away from me. I will then use my power, as I see fit. I mean to live my life an obedient man, but obedient to God, subservient to the wisdom of my ancestors; never to the authority of political truths arrived at yesterday at the voting booth. That is a program of sorts, is it not? It is certainly program enough to keep conservatives busy, and Liberals at bay. And the nation free.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Life==&lt;br /&gt;
Son of an oilman who made a fortune in Mexico, Buckley was educated in an English preparatory school as a teenager. He studied Spanish in [[Mexico City]] (1943, UNAM) (Buckley's first language had been Spanish, having been raised by Mexican nannies). Buckley graduated from the Millbrook School in New York in 1943, and from Yale College in 1950. His first book exposed the failures of Yale College, &amp;quot;God and Man at Yale&amp;quot; (1951).  It detailed what he saw as the collectivist and anti-Christian leanings of America's foremost school. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 1955 Buckley founded ''The National Review'' (NR), a biweekly magazine of political opinion. [[Ronald Reagan]] was a longtime subscriber to National Review. Through the magazine he fostered the idea of a conservative movement.  &lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Wf-buckley.jpg|thumb|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Buckley belatedly supported [[intelligent design]], a halfway position for an intellectual not willing to admit that the [[theory of evolution]] is as much a liberal hoax as [[global warming]] is.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
During [[World War II]] Buckley was in the U. S. Army, but was never deployed overseas. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/02/27/qa-with-sam-tanenhaus-on-william-f-buckley/?_r=0&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Buckley wrote over 50 books about history, politics and sailing, and a series of spy novels (which featured the fictitious Yale graduate Blackford Oakes) that were  consistent best sellers.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{quotebox|Buckley, doing it his way, became one of the most influential writers and journalists of the past century – in the august company of [[Walter Lippmann]], [[Alexander Solzhenitsyn]] and [[George Orwell]]. The latter two came to symbolize what was at stake in the spiritual and moral struggle against the [[totalitarian]] mentality. But Buckley spearheaded the counterrevolution in the West that emboldened [[Ronald Reagan|Reagan]], [[Margaret Thatcher|Thatcher]] and [[John Paul II]] to confront and defeat the [[Soviet Empire]]. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.intellectualconservative.com/2008/03/05/introduction-to-crossing-swords/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{quotebox|Even friendly biographers do not give him adequate credit in deconstructing liberalism ...  Buckley did not elevate conservatism to a major political force simply because he was a charming guy, though that didn’t hurt; but because he laid bare with a penetrating logic the inconsistencies of liberal and leftist thought. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.intellectualconservative.com/2008/03/05/introduction-to-crossing-swords/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Buckley liked to go yachting, twice crossing the Atlantic himself, and playing the harpsichord. He married Patricia Alden Austin Taylor in 1950.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Buckley died of a [[heart attack]] in 2008.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== See Also ==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Conservative links]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Young Americans for Freedom]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Libertarian|Libertarian values]] and [[Conservative values]] are the original American [[Patriot]] values&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Small town values]] of [[middle class]] [[Real America]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Family values]]: [[Family]]-[[Marriage]], [[Homeschooling]] teaching [[Virtue]] and Self-reliance&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Duty]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Contrast With===&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Liberal values]] and [[Liberalism]]: [[Similarities between Communism, Nazism and liberalism]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Public school values]] [[entitlement mentality]] [[Indoctrination]] of the  [[Teacup Generation]] by [[Public schools in the United States]] and [[Common Core]] &lt;br /&gt;
* [[Teachers' unions]]: [[National Education Association]] and [[American Federation of Teachers]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Hollywood values]]: [[List of celebrities against Second Amendment]] - always [[Liberal]] [[Elitist]]s&lt;br /&gt;
* [[San Francisco values]] and the [[Politically correct]]: [[Diane Feinstein]], [[Nancy Pelosi]], [[Barbara Boxer]], [[Leland Yee]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Fashion industry values]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Professor values]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Obamunism]]: [[Obamanomics]] [[Economic planning]] of the [[Obama administration fiscal policy]], [[Obama administration monetary policy]], [[Obamacare]], [[Federal funding]] via [[Crony capitalism]] ([[Obama donor list]], [[Bailout]], [[Obama administration corporate bailouts]], [[Obamageddon]]), [[Deficit spending]] and the [[National debt]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[John Maynard Keynes]] [[liberal]] [[Keynesian economics]] and [[Fabian Socialism|Fabian Socialist]] influence on [[Barack Obama]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Big Government]]-[[Welfare State]]-[[Nanny State]]-[[Police state|Police State]]: [[Globalist]]-[[Statist]]-[[Socialist]]-[[Communist]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External Links==&lt;br /&gt;
* http://www.nationalreview.com&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist|2}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== External links ==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.nationalreview.com/ National Review Online]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.humanevents.com/article.php?id=23507 William F. Buckley Jr. on Conservatism: An Interview] Bill Steigerwald, [[Human Events]], 11/19/2007&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/27/business/media/27cnd-buckley.html?_r=1&amp;amp;hp&amp;amp;oref=slogin William F. Buckley Jr. Is Dead at 82], [[New York Times]], 2/27/2008&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=87235288 Father of Conservative Movement Dies]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2012/12/william-f-buckley-jr-conservative-icon Biography] by Lee Edwards, Ph.D.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{DEFAULTSORT: Buckley, William F.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[category:Journalists]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[category:Conservatives]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[category:Cold War]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[category:1960s]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[category:Reagan Era]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Libertarians]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Presidential Medal of Freedom award winners]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Anti-Communism]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Patriots]]&lt;br /&gt;
{{Conservatism}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category : Conservative Authors]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Christians]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Christian Apologists]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Veterans]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Copleston</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Alister_McGrath&amp;diff=1162933</id>
		<title>Alister McGrath</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Alister_McGrath&amp;diff=1162933"/>
		<updated>2015-07-02T23:32:19Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Copleston: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''Alister McGrath''' (born 23 January 1953) is a [[Northern Ireland|Northern Irish]] biologist and Christian apologist. He is a Professor of Historical Theology at [[Oxford]] University. He was a previous head of Wycliffe Hall, one of Oxford's religious Permanent Private Halls.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
McGrath, a former [[atheist]], is one of the world's leading critics of [[Richard Dawkins]]. He published a critique of Dawkins' book ''[[The God Delusion]]'' titled ''The Dawkins Delusion?''. Another book of McGrath's is called ''The Twilight of Atheism'', which chronicles the fluctuation of atheism throughout history. He has also publicly debated Dawkins as well as other well-known atheist intellectuals, including Stephen Law, Daniel Dennett, and Christopher Hitchens. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 2013, McGrath's biography on the Christian intellectual [[C.S. Lewis]] was published. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{DEFAULTSORT: McGrath, Alister}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Authors]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Christian Apologists]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Former Atheists]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Christians]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Copleston</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=William_F._Buckley,_Jr.&amp;diff=1162320</id>
		<title>William F. Buckley, Jr.</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=William_F._Buckley,_Jr.&amp;diff=1162320"/>
		<updated>2015-06-30T23:44:18Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Copleston: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[Image:6436rtdhgf.jpg|right|thumb|William F. Buckley, Jr., on his long-running television show [[Firing Line]].]]&lt;br /&gt;
'''William Frank Buckley Jr.''' (New York City, November 24, 1925 - Stamford, February 27, 2008) was born in a devoutly [[Roman Catholic]] family. Buckley was a prominent [[conservative]] author and commentator, and the founder of the [[National Review]]. He was also host of [[Firing Line]], a talk show featured for years on the otherwise [[liberal]] public television.  He was admired on both sides of the political spectrum for his seemingly limitless vocabulary, and his intellectual wit.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Buckley's political views did not represent the future of the conservative movement as much as its past, and he did not speak out much about the big social issues that would dominate the future of politics.  For example, he was mostly silent about [[ERA]], the defining issue for the modern conservative movement.  Buckley's views could be almost summed up in one word -- anti-collectivist -- as reflected by his book &amp;quot;Up From Liberalism&amp;quot; (1959):&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.politico.com/blogs/joe-scarborough/2013/08/conservatism-defined-170716.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{cquote|I will not cede more power to the state. I will not willingly cede more power to anyone, not to the state, not to General Motors, not to the CIO. I will hoard my power like a miser, resisting every effort to drain it away from me. I will then use my power, as I see fit. I mean to live my life an obedient man, but obedient to God, subservient to the wisdom of my ancestors; never to the authority of political truths arrived at yesterday at the voting booth. That is a program of sorts, is it not? It is certainly program enough to keep conservatives busy, and Liberals at bay. And the nation free.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Life==&lt;br /&gt;
Son of an oilman who made a fortune in Mexico, Buckley was educated in an English preparatory school as a teenager. He studied Spanish in [[Mexico City]] (1943, UNAM) (Buckley's first language had been Spanish, having been raised by Mexican nannies). Buckley graduated from the Millbrook School in New York in 1943, and from Yale College in 1950. His first book exposed the failures of Yale College, &amp;quot;God and Man at Yale&amp;quot; (1951).  It detailed what he saw as the collectivist and anti-Christian leanings of America's foremost school. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 1955 Buckley founded ''The National Review'' (NR), a biweekly magazine of political opinion. [[Ronald Reagan]] was a longtime subscriber to National Review. Through the magazine he fostered the idea of a conservative movement.  &lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Wf-buckley.jpg|thumb|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Buckley belatedly supported [[intelligent design]], a halfway position for an intellectual not willing to admit that the [[theory of evolution]] is as much a liberal hoax as [[global warming]] is.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
During [[World War II]] Buckley was in the U. S. Army, but was never deployed overseas. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/02/27/qa-with-sam-tanenhaus-on-william-f-buckley/?_r=0&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Buckley wrote over 50 books about history, politics and sailing, and a series of spy novels (which featured the fictitious Yale graduate Blackford Oakes) that were  consistent best sellers.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{quotebox|Buckley, doing it his way, became one of the most influential writers and journalists of the past century – in the august company of [[Walter Lippmann]], [[Alexander Solzhenitsyn]] and [[George Orwell]]. The latter two came to symbolize what was at stake in the spiritual and moral struggle against the [[totalitarian]] mentality. But Buckley spearheaded the counterrevolution in the West that emboldened [[Ronald Reagan|Reagan]], [[Margaret Thatcher|Thatcher]] and [[John Paul II]] to confront and defeat the [[Soviet Empire]]. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.intellectualconservative.com/2008/03/05/introduction-to-crossing-swords/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{quotebox|Even friendly biographers do not give him adequate credit in deconstructing liberalism ...  Buckley did not elevate conservatism to a major political force simply because he was a charming guy, though that didn’t hurt; but because he laid bare with a penetrating logic the inconsistencies of liberal and leftist thought. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.intellectualconservative.com/2008/03/05/introduction-to-crossing-swords/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Buckley liked to go yachting, twice crossing the Atlantic himself, and playing the harpsichord. He married Patricia Alden Austin Taylor in 1950.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Buckley died of a [[heart attack]] in 2008.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== See Also ==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Conservative links]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Young Americans for Freedom]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Libertarian|Libertarian values]] and [[Conservative values]] are the original American [[Patriot]] values&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Small town values]] of [[middle class]] [[Real America]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Family values]]: [[Family]]-[[Marriage]], [[Homeschooling]] teaching [[Virtue]] and Self-reliance&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Duty]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Contrast With===&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Liberal values]] and [[Liberalism]]: [[Similarities between Communism, Nazism and liberalism]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Public school values]] [[entitlement mentality]] [[Indoctrination]] of the  [[Teacup Generation]] by [[Public schools in the United States]] and [[Common Core]] &lt;br /&gt;
* [[Teachers' unions]]: [[National Education Association]] and [[American Federation of Teachers]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Hollywood values]]: [[List of celebrities against Second Amendment]] - always [[Liberal]] [[Elitist]]s&lt;br /&gt;
* [[San Francisco values]] and the [[Politically correct]]: [[Diane Feinstein]], [[Nancy Pelosi]], [[Barbara Boxer]], [[Leland Yee]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Fashion industry values]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Professor values]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Obamunism]]: [[Obamanomics]] [[Economic planning]] of the [[Obama administration fiscal policy]], [[Obama administration monetary policy]], [[Obamacare]], [[Federal funding]] via [[Crony capitalism]] ([[Obama donor list]], [[Bailout]], [[Obama administration corporate bailouts]], [[Obamageddon]]), [[Deficit spending]] and the [[National debt]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[John Maynard Keynes]] [[liberal]] [[Keynesian economics]] and [[Fabian Socialism|Fabian Socialist]] influence on [[Barack Obama]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Big Government]]-[[Welfare State]]-[[Nanny State]]-[[Police state|Police State]]: [[Globalist]]-[[Statist]]-[[Socialist]]-[[Communist]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External Links==&lt;br /&gt;
* http://www.nationalreview.com&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist|2}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== External links ==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.nationalreview.com/ National Review Online]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.humanevents.com/article.php?id=23507 William F. Buckley Jr. on Conservatism: An Interview] Bill Steigerwald, [[Human Events]], 11/19/2007&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/27/business/media/27cnd-buckley.html?_r=1&amp;amp;hp&amp;amp;oref=slogin William F. Buckley Jr. Is Dead at 82], [[New York Times]], 2/27/2008&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=87235288 Father of Conservative Movement Dies]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2012/12/william-f-buckley-jr-conservative-icon Biography] by Lee Edwards, Ph.D.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{DEFAULTSORT: Buckley, William F.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[category:Journalists]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[category:Conservatives]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[category:Cold War]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[category:1960s]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[category:Reagan Era]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Libertarians]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Presidential Medal of Freedom award winners]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Anti-Communism]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Patriots]]&lt;br /&gt;
{{Conservatism}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category : Conservative Authors]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Christians]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Christian Apologists]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Copleston</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=William_F._Buckley,_Jr.&amp;diff=1162314</id>
		<title>William F. Buckley, Jr.</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=William_F._Buckley,_Jr.&amp;diff=1162314"/>
		<updated>2015-06-30T23:40:32Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Copleston: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[Image:6436rtdhgf.jpg|right|thumb|William F. Buckley, Jr., on his long-running television show [[Firing Line]].]]&lt;br /&gt;
'''William Frank Buckley Jr.''' (New York City, November 24, 1925 - Stamford, February 27, 2008) was born in a devoutly [[Roman Catholic]] family. Buckley was a prominent [[conservative]] author and commentator, and the founder of the [[National Review]]. He was also host of [[Firing Line]], a talk show featured for years on the otherwise [[liberal]] public television.  He was admired on both sides of the political spectrum for his seemingly limitless vocabulary, and his intellectual wit.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Buckley's political views did not represent the future of the conservative movement as much as its past, and he did not speak out much about the big social issues that would dominate the future of politics.  For example, he was mostly silent about [[ERA]], the defining issue for the modern conservative movement.  Buckley's views could be almost summed up in one word -- anti-collectivist -- as reflected by his book &amp;quot;Up From Liberalism&amp;quot; (1959):&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.politico.com/blogs/joe-scarborough/2013/08/conservatism-defined-170716.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{cquote|I will not cede more power to the state. I will not willingly cede more power to anyone, not to the state, not to General Motors, not to the CIO. I will hoard my power like a miser, resisting every effort to drain it away from me. I will then use my power, as I see fit. I mean to live my life an obedient man, but obedient to God, subservient to the wisdom of my ancestors; never to the authority of political truths arrived at yesterday at the voting booth. That is a program of sorts, is it not? It is certainly program enough to keep conservatives busy, and Liberals at bay. And the nation free.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Life==&lt;br /&gt;
Son of an oilman who made a fortune in Mexico, Buckley was educated in an English preparatory school as a teenager. He studied Spanish in [[Mexico City]] (1943, UNAM) (Buckley's first language had been Spanish, having been raised by Mexican nannies). Buckley graduated from the Millbrook School in New York in 1943, and from Yale College in 1950. His first book exposed the failures of Yale College, &amp;quot;God and Man at Yale&amp;quot; (1951).  It detailed what he saw as the collectivist and anti-Christian leanings of America's foremost school. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 1955 Buckley founded ''The National Review'' (NR), a biweekly magazine of political opinion. [[Ronald Reagan]] was a longtime subscriber to National Review. Through the magazine he fostered the idea of a conservative movement.  &lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Wf-buckley.jpg|thumb|200px]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Buckley belatedly supported [[intelligent design]], a halfway position for an intellectual not willing to admit that the [[theory of evolution]] is as much a liberal hoax as [[global warming]] is.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Buckley wrote over 50 books about history, politics and sailing, and a series of spy novels (which featured the fictitious Yale graduate Blackford Oakes) that were  consistent best sellers.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{quotebox|Buckley, doing it his way, became one of the most influential writers and journalists of the past century – in the august company of [[Walter Lippmann]], [[Alexander Solzhenitsyn]] and [[George Orwell]]. The latter two came to symbolize what was at stake in the spiritual and moral struggle against the [[totalitarian]] mentality. But Buckley spearheaded the counterrevolution in the West that emboldened [[Ronald Reagan|Reagan]], [[Margaret Thatcher|Thatcher]] and [[John Paul II]] to confront and defeat the [[Soviet Empire]]. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.intellectualconservative.com/2008/03/05/introduction-to-crossing-swords/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{quotebox|Even friendly biographers do not give him adequate credit in deconstructing liberalism ...  Buckley did not elevate conservatism to a major political force simply because he was a charming guy, though that didn’t hurt; but because he laid bare with a penetrating logic the inconsistencies of liberal and leftist thought. &amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;http://www.intellectualconservative.com/2008/03/05/introduction-to-crossing-swords/&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Buckley liked to go yachting, twice crossing the Atlantic himself, and playing the harpsichord. He married Patricia Alden Austin Taylor in 1950.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Buckley died of a [[heart attack]] in 2008.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== See Also ==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Conservative links]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Young Americans for Freedom]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Libertarian|Libertarian values]] and [[Conservative values]] are the original American [[Patriot]] values&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Small town values]] of [[middle class]] [[Real America]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Family values]]: [[Family]]-[[Marriage]], [[Homeschooling]] teaching [[Virtue]] and Self-reliance&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Duty]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Contrast With===&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Liberal values]] and [[Liberalism]]: [[Similarities between Communism, Nazism and liberalism]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Public school values]] [[entitlement mentality]] [[Indoctrination]] of the  [[Teacup Generation]] by [[Public schools in the United States]] and [[Common Core]] &lt;br /&gt;
* [[Teachers' unions]]: [[National Education Association]] and [[American Federation of Teachers]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Hollywood values]]: [[List of celebrities against Second Amendment]] - always [[Liberal]] [[Elitist]]s&lt;br /&gt;
* [[San Francisco values]] and the [[Politically correct]]: [[Diane Feinstein]], [[Nancy Pelosi]], [[Barbara Boxer]], [[Leland Yee]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Fashion industry values]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Professor values]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Obamunism]]: [[Obamanomics]] [[Economic planning]] of the [[Obama administration fiscal policy]], [[Obama administration monetary policy]], [[Obamacare]], [[Federal funding]] via [[Crony capitalism]] ([[Obama donor list]], [[Bailout]], [[Obama administration corporate bailouts]], [[Obamageddon]]), [[Deficit spending]] and the [[National debt]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[John Maynard Keynes]] [[liberal]] [[Keynesian economics]] and [[Fabian Socialism|Fabian Socialist]] influence on [[Barack Obama]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Big Government]]-[[Welfare State]]-[[Nanny State]]-[[Police state|Police State]]: [[Globalist]]-[[Statist]]-[[Socialist]]-[[Communist]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External Links==&lt;br /&gt;
* http://www.nationalreview.com&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==References==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist|2}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== External links ==&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.nationalreview.com/ National Review Online]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.humanevents.com/article.php?id=23507 William F. Buckley Jr. on Conservatism: An Interview] Bill Steigerwald, [[Human Events]], 11/19/2007&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/27/business/media/27cnd-buckley.html?_r=1&amp;amp;hp&amp;amp;oref=slogin William F. Buckley Jr. Is Dead at 82], [[New York Times]], 2/27/2008&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=87235288 Father of Conservative Movement Dies]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2012/12/william-f-buckley-jr-conservative-icon Biography] by Lee Edwards, Ph.D.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{DEFAULTSORT: Buckley, William F.}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[category:Journalists]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[category:Conservatives]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[category:Cold War]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[category:1960s]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[category:Reagan Era]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Libertarians]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Presidential Medal of Freedom award winners]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Anti-Communism]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Patriots]]&lt;br /&gt;
{{Conservatism}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category : Conservative Authors]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Christians]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category: Christian Apologists]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Copleston</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Michael_Martin&amp;diff=1157125</id>
		<title>Michael Martin</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Michael_Martin&amp;diff=1157125"/>
		<updated>2015-06-06T02:35:47Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Copleston: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''Michael Martin''' (1932 - 2015) was an [[atheist]]ic [[philosopher]] and Professor Emeritus at [[Boston University]]. Martin obtained his Ph.D. from [[Harvard University]] in 1962.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Dr. Martin's Infidels.org profile: http://infidels.org/library/modern/michael_martin/martin-bio.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Martin came up with the [[transcendental argument for the non-existence of God]] (TANG) in response to the [[Transcendental argument for the existence of God]] (TAG).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 1990, Michael Martin indicated there was a general absence of an atheistic response to contemporary work in the philosophy of religion and in jest he indicated that it was his &amp;quot;cross to bear&amp;quot; to respond to [[theism|theistic]] arguments.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Open Questions: Diverse Thinkers Discuss God, Religion, and Faith By Luís F. Rodrigues, page 201&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Martin was criticized by the defenders of TAG for pulling out his 1994 scheduled debate with Dr. [[Greg Bahnsen]] (See: [[Greg Bahnsen and debate]] and [[Press release after Michael Martin pulled out of Martin-Bahnsen debate|Bahnson-Martin debate press release]]).&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://simpleapologetics.com/thegreatdebate.html The Great Debate: Greg Bahnsen vs Gordon Stein]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Martin's TANG argument was released to the public after Greg Bahnsen died. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Selected Bibliography===&lt;br /&gt;
* ''Atheism: A Philosophical Justification'' (1989)&lt;br /&gt;
* ''The Case Against Christianity'' (1991)&lt;br /&gt;
* ''Atheism, Morality and Meaning '' (2002)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== See also ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Rebuttals to atheist arguments]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Notes ==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist|2}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Philosophers]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Atheists]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Copleston</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Michael_Martin&amp;diff=1157124</id>
		<title>Michael Martin</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Michael_Martin&amp;diff=1157124"/>
		<updated>2015-06-06T02:34:56Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Copleston: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''Michael Martin''' (3 February 1932 -- 27 May 2015) was an [[atheist]]ic [[philosopher]] and Professor Emeritus at [[Boston University]]. Martin obtained his Ph.D. from [[Harvard University]] in 1962.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Dr. Martin's Infidels.org profile: http://infidels.org/library/modern/michael_martin/martin-bio.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Martin came up with the [[transcendental argument for the non-existence of God]] (TANG) in response to the [[Transcendental argument for the existence of God]] (TAG).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 1990, Michael Martin indicated there was a general absence of an atheistic response to contemporary work in the philosophy of religion and in jest he indicated that it was his &amp;quot;cross to bear&amp;quot; to respond to [[theism|theistic]] arguments.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Open Questions: Diverse Thinkers Discuss God, Religion, and Faith By Luís F. Rodrigues, page 201&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Martin was criticized by the defenders of TAG for pulling out his 1994 scheduled debate with Dr. [[Greg Bahnsen]] (See: [[Greg Bahnsen and debate]] and [[Press release after Michael Martin pulled out of Martin-Bahnsen debate|Bahnson-Martin debate press release]]).&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://simpleapologetics.com/thegreatdebate.html The Great Debate: Greg Bahnsen vs Gordon Stein]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Martin's TANG argument was released to the public after Greg Bahnsen died. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Selected Bibliography===&lt;br /&gt;
* ''Atheism: A Philosophical Justification'' (1989)&lt;br /&gt;
* ''The Case Against Christianity'' (1991)&lt;br /&gt;
* ''Atheism, Morality and Meaning '' (2002)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== See also ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Rebuttals to atheist arguments]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Notes ==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist|2}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Philosophers]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Atheists]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Copleston</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Michael_Martin&amp;diff=1157123</id>
		<title>Michael Martin</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Michael_Martin&amp;diff=1157123"/>
		<updated>2015-06-06T02:34:23Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Copleston: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;'''Michael Martin''' (3 February 1932 - 27 May 2015) was an [[atheist]]ic [[philosopher]] and Professor Emeritus at [[Boston University]]. Martin obtained his Ph.D. from [[Harvard University]] in 1962.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Dr. Martin's Infidels.org profile: http://infidels.org/library/modern/michael_martin/martin-bio.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Martin came up with the [[transcendental argument for the non-existence of God]] (TANG) in response to the [[Transcendental argument for the existence of God]] (TAG).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 1990, Michael Martin indicated there was a general absence of an atheistic response to contemporary work in the philosophy of religion and in jest he indicated that it was his &amp;quot;cross to bear&amp;quot; to respond to [[theism|theistic]] arguments.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Open Questions: Diverse Thinkers Discuss God, Religion, and Faith By Luís F. Rodrigues, page 201&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Martin was criticized by the defenders of TAG for pulling out his 1994 scheduled debate with Dr. [[Greg Bahnsen]] (See: [[Greg Bahnsen and debate]] and [[Press release after Michael Martin pulled out of Martin-Bahnsen debate|Bahnson-Martin debate press release]]).&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://simpleapologetics.com/thegreatdebate.html The Great Debate: Greg Bahnsen vs Gordon Stein]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Martin's TANG argument was released to the public after Greg Bahnsen died. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Selected Bibliography===&lt;br /&gt;
* ''Atheism: A Philosophical Justification'' (1989)&lt;br /&gt;
* ''The Case Against Christianity'' (1991)&lt;br /&gt;
* ''Atheism, Morality and Meaning '' (2002)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== See also ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Rebuttals to atheist arguments]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Notes ==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist|2}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Philosophers]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Atheists]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Copleston</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Michael_Martin&amp;diff=1157122</id>
		<title>Michael Martin</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Michael_Martin&amp;diff=1157122"/>
		<updated>2015-06-06T02:33:24Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Copleston: &lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;'''Michael Martin''' (1932 - 2015) was an [[atheist]]ic [[philosopher]] and Professor Emeritus at [[Boston University]]. Martin obtained his Ph.D. from [[Harvard University]] in 1962.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Dr. Martin's Infidels.org profile: http://infidels.org/library/modern/michael_martin/martin-bio.html&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Martin came up with the [[transcendental argument for the non-existence of God]] (TANG) in response to the [[Transcendental argument for the existence of God]] (TAG).&lt;br /&gt;
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In 1990, Michael Martin indicated there was a general absence of an atheistic response to contemporary work in the philosophy of religion and in jest he indicated that it was his &amp;quot;cross to bear&amp;quot; to respond to [[theism|theistic]] arguments.&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Open Questions: Diverse Thinkers Discuss God, Religion, and Faith By Luís F. Rodrigues, page 201&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;  &lt;br /&gt;
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Martin was criticized by the defenders of TAG for pulling out his 1994 scheduled debate with Dr. [[Greg Bahnsen]] (See: [[Greg Bahnsen and debate]] and [[Press release after Michael Martin pulled out of Martin-Bahnsen debate|Bahnson-Martin debate press release]]).&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://simpleapologetics.com/thegreatdebate.html The Great Debate: Greg Bahnsen vs Gordon Stein]&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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Martin's TANG argument was released to the public after Greg Bahnsen died. &lt;br /&gt;
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===Selected Bibliography===&lt;br /&gt;
* ''Atheism: A Philosophical Justification'' (1989)&lt;br /&gt;
* ''The Case Against Christianity'' (1991)&lt;br /&gt;
* ''Atheism, Morality and Meaning '' (2002)&lt;br /&gt;
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== See also ==&lt;br /&gt;
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*[[Rebuttals to atheist arguments]]&lt;br /&gt;
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== Notes ==&lt;br /&gt;
{{reflist|2}}&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Category:Philosophers]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Atheists]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Copleston</name></author>
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