Conservapedia - User contributions [en]

Talk:Conservative Bible Project

2009-10-10T15:10:08Z

CogitoErgoSum: /* Do not add or take from the word of God */

For older discussion, see [[Talk:Conservative Bible Project/Archive 1|here]].

(continuing from archive)

==Purpose, Guidelines and Examples==

... (I intersperse my replies in Daniel's comments below.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 21:13, 8 October 2009 (EDT))

As re. some of the things on the [[Conservative Bible Project]] page;

'''#Liberal bias has become the single biggest distortion in modern Bible translations.'''

This is true, but that is simple to rectify, by simply substituting modern equivalents for KJV words such as ''prevent'' or ''brigands''. (''thee'' and ''thou'', while often mentioned as expendable, actually to served to distinguish btwn plural and singular). While i am not a man of letters, i have seldom had a problem with archaic KJV words, for as in real life, context and conveys meaning. And to understand the Bible, you must really want to, no matter what it results in personally, and enter into it with your heart and soul. (Prov 2:3-5) "Yea, if thou criest after knowledge, and liftest up thy voice for understanding; {4} If thou seekest her as silver, and searchest for her as for hid treasures; {5} Then shalt thou understand the fear of the LORD, and find the knowledge of God." And i often come short in this.

However, like most attempts as revisions, this CP Bible goes beyond this. Bible translation is not to be undertaken by amateurs, and any one who has done extensive word studies should know that one Hebrew or Greek word can have a variety of meanings, depending on contextual, grammatical, and other factors, and any revisions must be done in the fear of God.

''':Rest assured we all fear God. And we welcome your contributions to the project itself, rather than simply talking about it.'''

The issues as i see it in modern translations are,

A. Type of translation. Thought for thought, or "Dynamic Equivalency" (NIV), is to be avoided as one's prime source, especially considering issue #2. This uses extensive paraphrasing, but results in the translators idea of what a text says, which can easily be contrary to various degrees to its unadulterated sense. Few would rely on this method as their primary means in having a will with conditions translated. While word for word type translations paraphrase some words in deference to readability, it is much reduced. In addition, the KJV places most supplied words in ''italics'', so that at least the reader knows. Thus John 8:24, "I said therefore unto you, that ye shall die in your sins: for if ye believe not that I am ''he'', ye shall die in your sins." And John 18:6" "As soon then as he had said unto them, I am ''he'', they went backward, and fell to the ground." Perhaps the Greek demands the ''he'', as likely in Jn. 9:9, but it is helpful to know. Another example shows how concise a reading may be without the supplied words (and the need for commas: (Job 34:10) "Therefore hearken unto me, ye men of understanding: far be it from God, ''that he should do'' wickedness; and ''from'' the Almighty, ''that he should commit'' iniquity."

B. The spirit of the translator, which as you convey, has overall been shown to be leaning port side to various degrees, from using the phrase "God directed" rather than "God commanded" to more overt examples. They also can tend to lack consistent use of terms.

C. The stream of mss, which is certainly a heavily debated issue, and i am not well versed in it to engage is much of a debate. From what i understand, modern translations are based upon the older Alexandrian text, A and B, the Codex Sinaiticus and the Codex Vaticanus (the latter much under lock and key), while the KJV is based on the Textus Receptus (TR) of the Byzantine family of mss (though not exclusively?), otherwise known as the Majority text (MT). The TR is an edited version that provided one standard text out of available ones at that time in the West, with the Stephanus printed version being an edited version of TR text edited by Erasmus.

The premise behind the modern translation's use of the Alexandrian text is that older is more accurate, although the most serious apparent discrepancies occur in them, and the Byzantine texts could easily be copies of even more ancient mss which they replaced. Problematic texts also exist in the TR, though i think Bruce estimates such consist of only 1.5% of the whole Bible, and most all the alleged discrepancies which are bandied about are not true contradictions, and are often inconsequential spelling or structural variations, while most others have reasonable explanations. [Due to such most evangelicals hold that inerrancy (1Tim. 3:16) refers to the original mss. Here i understand why some argue the KJV is actually inspired, as to be the whole word of God, rather than containing the words of God. Plus who among the multitudes of believers ever really had a original to read from? But having entrusted man with His words, God is under no obligation to preserve them, yet both the mss evidence and its manifest degree of preservation, despite its unparalleled scope, testifies to gracious supernatural superintendence. And despite some variant readings or possibly copyist errors (mainly with numbers), no doctrine is compromised, and that truth is preserved for us. And it comes true as we trust and obey. But sorry for digressing.]

'''''*There are three sources of errors in conveying biblical meaning are, in increasing amount:
* lack of precision in the original language, such as terms underdeveloped to convey new concepts introduced by Christ'''''

I would not say that the original languages are deficient, but that the problem is with the reception. This does not mean other words have been tried for phrases such as "express imageG5481 of his person" (Heb. 1:3), or "thought it not robberyG725 to be equalG2470 with God: But made himself of no reputation,G2758 G1438", but there is no need.

#First Example - Liberal Falsehood

'''''*Jesus said, "Father, forgive them, for they do not know what they are doing."

Is this a liberal corruption of the original? This does not appear in any other Gospel, and the simple fact is that some of the persecutors of Jesus did know what they were doing'''''

With all due respect, this examples poor Bible exegesis, and sets a negative precedent for proposed changes. There are other examples in the synoptics are of supplementary material, which is one reason for more than one gospel, and other texts which a supposed contradiction occurs, but is not such thing, and what is liberal is the attempt to use such to misconstrue such to be editorial interpolations, in seeking to impugn the integrity of the Bible as a whole. Here Jesus is easily seen to be referring to the overall lack of cognizance that He truly was their Messiah. As scripture interprets scripture, even a quick search show this to be this case: "And now, brethren, I wot that through ignorance ye did it, as did also your rulers. (Act 3:17) While there were some who comprehended whop Jesus was, most saw Him as a blasphemer, claiming to be equal with God (which in fact He was, as being His only Son in that sense: Jn. 5:18; 19:7). The word "wot" could be changed however, though it not hard to ''perceive'' what that means.

''':Daniel, you seem to be going round-and-round here, while rejecting the type of serious scholarship that you emphasize earlier as being so important. Scholars recognize that the phrase is not authentic, and it is undeniably liberal. Case closed, and your resistance to logic here is troubling.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 21:13, 8 October 2009 (EDT)'''

'''#Second Example - Dishonestly Shrewd

''At Luke 16:8, the NIV describes an enigmatic parable in which the "master commended the dishonest manager because he had acted shrewdly." But is "shrewdly", which has connotations of dishonesty, the best term here? Being dishonestly shrewd is not an admirable trait.

The better conservative term, which became available only in 1851, is "resourceful".
But is "shrewdly", which has connotations of dishonesty, the best term here?'''''

The answer is no, and thus the KJV uses "wisely", as in prudently. This correlates to Prov 14:15: "The simple believeth every word: but the prudent man looketh well to his going." (as was Jacob in also seen as prudent in his dealings with businessman Laban)

The steward, which i still find better than "manager" (are we "managers" of the grace of God?), facing homelessness, gained nothing personal except preserve his life (the liberal might have had the gov. take care of him for life) and benefited others, but not a political habit, or an ongoing Robin Hood (legend). moreover, as he must have known his boss would know, the story may imply he had some sort of leeway. The story actually can be seen to differentiate between serious crime with malevolent motives, versus that which is akin to stealing medicine for the sick, or as in, "do not despise a thief, if he steal to satisfy his soul when he is hungry; But if he be found, he shall restore sevenfold; he shall give all the substance of his house." (Prv. 6:30,31)

However, the use of this story was not to teach morality, but prudence, applicable to spiritual life.

:"wisely" is not as good as "resourceful", a word unavailable to the [[KJV]] translators. Again, you talk and talk with addressing the substance.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 21:13, 8 October 2009 (EDT)

'''''the King James Version does not use "accountable to God" in translating Romans 3:19; good modern translations do.'''''

For good reason. The Greek word ''hupodikos'', for ''guilty'' only occurs once in the N.T., and Strong's states it denotes, hupodikos
hoop-od'-ee-kos
From G5259 and G1349; under sentence, that is, (by implication) condemned: - guilty.

Thayer Definition:
1) under judgment, one who lost his suit
2) debtor to one, owing satisfaction to
2a) of liable to punishment from God

(Rom 3:19) "Now we know that what things soever the law saith, it saith to them who are under the law: that every mouth may be stopped, and all the world may become guilty before God."

"under" as in "under the law" is never trans. accountable either, while the word for account, as in Mt. 12:36, Rm. 14:12, dos not occur here.

'''''Framework against Liberal Bias: providing a strong framework that enables a thought-for-thought translation without corruption by liberal bias'''''

Ditch thought-for-thought as much as possible, and just replace archaic words, in anything.
''
Exclude Later-Inserted Liberal Passages: excluding the later-inserted liberal passages that are not authentic, such as the adulteress story.''

This is actually more a liberal practice. Simply because Jn 8. is found in the majority of mss does not necessarily mean it was added, and evidence from the 4th century supports its inclusion. http://www.textexcavation.com/pericopedeadultera.html as well as other arguments, http://www.febc.edu.sg/VPP27.htm, which the CP essay page gives short shrift to. Some of the "Greek Fathers may well have been influenced against the periscope by the moralistic prejudice of which we have spoken; also, some may have been intimidated by the fact that several manuscripts known to them omitted it." http://av1611.com/kjbp/articles/jones-pericope.html

Nor is the theology behind it liberal, which seems to be the main reason it is targeted, regardless of their misappropriation of it, but it is consistent with Jesus other dealings with penitent adulteress, and rebuke of proud Pharisees (though modern Jewish apologists defend them). Commanding her to "sin not more" itself completely sinks the liberal moral foundation, if sin is defined Biblically (no as in opposing the Fairness Doctrine).

I am no stranger to grievous "wresting" of Scripture by liberals, as i have refuted much of it, but the premise that this is a liberal add on which should be excluded due to their invocation of it (to censure criticizing or punishing the immoral conduct they defend) must also require the elimination of other text, such as the often quoted "judge not and ye shall not be judged, (Mt. 7:1), and Romans 2:1. Rather than exclusion, explanatory notes could be beneficial.

'''#Third Example - Socialism

*the socialistic word "comrade" is used three times, "laborer(s)" is used 13 times, "labored" 15 times, and "fellow" (as in "fellow worker") is used 55 times.'''

I do not know where the ESV found so many.

KJV (N.T.) occurrences

G2040 ἐργάτης ergatēs
Total KJV Occurrences: 17

G4904 συνεργός sunergos
Total KJV Occurrences: 15

I would recommend the King James Concordance dictionary add on to the E-Sword module, which shows all the ways most all Hebrew/Greek words are rendered.

Again, i see Bible translation as a solemn undertaking, and while truly archaic words might be reverently replaced with true equivalents, more than that I fear and oppose. Rather than such, conservative commentary might be prayerfully considered as needed. Yet the Old commentaries by men as [[Matthew Henry]], [[Adam Clarke]], etc. provide much, and Mon-Fri have been posting a chapter of the Bible with such commentary for some time. http://forums.christiansunite.com/index.php?topic=15497.new#new

What would be helpful is if CP would be to get back the reftagger template, so every verse pops-up on mouse over! [[User:Daniel1212|Daniel1212]] 20:26, 8 October 2009 (EDT)

''': Daniel, the project is proceeding and we welcome your ''concise'' comments and contributions. Please see guideline #10. Godspeed.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 21:13, 8 October 2009 (EDT)'''

::Re. Lk. 23:34, and rejecting serious scholarship that i emphasize, that was in primarily in regards translating words, esp. on a global scale, whereas scholarship as regards mss issues is another aspect. What qualifies as the "best mansucripts" and the absence of this verse in Sinaiticus and Vaticanus (which much disagree with each other, substantially, and is accused of being much affected by liberals due to the absence of some strong words like blood and fasting where the TR contains them), is part of the aforementioned mss controversy. Luke 22:43-44 is also missing from Vaticanus

::However, my contention was in regard to interpretation of Lk. 23:34, not its wording or mss inclusion, and while in interpretation scholarship is often needed, yet a good Berean should be able to discern the meaning of most already translated texts,, by God's Spirit, and with tools available today if needed. And in this case, you will not find conservative commentators rendering this as pandering to liberals. Barnes: "Father, forgive them - This is a fulfillment of the prophecy in Isa_53:12; “He made intercession for the transgressors.”' Clarke: " They know not what they do - If ignorance do not excuse a crime, it at least diminishes the atrocity of it. However, these persons well knew that they were crucifying an innocent man; but they did not know that, by this act of theirs, they were bringing down on themselves and on their country the heaviest judgments of God." Archibald Thomas Robertson (WORD PICTURES): "Father forgive them (Pater, aphes autois). Second aorist active imperative of aphiēmi, with dative case. Some of the oldest and best documents do not contain this verse, and yet, while it is not certain that it is a part of Luke’s Gospel, it is certain that Jesus spoke these words, for they are utterly unlike any one else." And the list can go on.

'''and it is undeniably liberal'''''Italic text''

::This is not promoting the liberal victim mentality, or false innocence, and Acts 3:17 does conflate with this. And even though whom Peter charged with having a part in crucifying Christ, however ignorant they had been, were threatened with sure judgment, and convicted of their sins, and thus repented. The KJV is not a Bible for liberals, but even the devil can misuse Scripture. Aside from the mss issue, sound interpretation is the answer, not elimination of texts due to how they might be misused.[[User:Daniel1212|Daniel1212]] 00:32, 9 October 2009 (EDT)

:::I think I know what the problem here is. Go [http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/concise here] and come back when you understand this.

:::PS: I've spaced out edits so we can tell other comments apart form your massive walls of text that nobody's reading. [[User:JacobB|JacobB]] 00:46, 9 October 2009 (EDT)

::::Thanks for the spacing, but my prolixity is in proportion to the gravity of the project, and the relative issues I addressed, and my responses to such are actually rather brief, considering their importance. As for participating, if it were only a matter of replacing archaic words, or those whose meaning has changed (including ''liberal'') I would be interested, but I would not want anyone to engage in a project that expunges texts, after the manner of the provided examples.[[User:Daniel1212|Daniel1212]] 12:52, 9 October 2009 (EDT)

:::::None of us would "engage in a project that expunges texts" either. But if you're going to adamantly insist on inclusion of a few discredited, liberal passages that scholars unanimously recognize as not being authentic and all respected modern translations state were not in the earliest manuscripts, then you may want to participate in yet another liberal translation project instead. The planned successor to the [[TNIV]], widely criticized for its liberal bias, may be the best place for you.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 17:59, 9 October 2009 (EDT)

== Forseen Problems,Notes and Commentary ==

I think this is an excellent idea, a conservative Bible, which could greatly benifit many. But, the reason for putting this out should be for edifying Christians and for witnessing to non-christians, not as a rebuff to any new liberal translation. I see you believe there are some later added 'liberal' verses, which is fine. personally I believe that the entire bible is the inspired Word Of God, and to question one verses authenticity means questioning the entire Bibles authenticity. I would recommend a conservative commentary with conservative notes, then you can voice your opinions about these verses and other subjects and leave the Biblical text intact.I think this is a phenominal idea, just I question the right to add or remove verses from the Bible. Perhaps you were planning to do something like what I mentioned above anyway. I look forward to getting involved in this in any way I can. Veritas Vos Liberabit. ([[User:Baronvonbob|Baronvonbob]] 12:41, 9 October 2009 (EDT))

:It would be far safer and more trusted and received than yet another work engaging in what constitutes Scripture, instead, replace truly archaic words as needed. Ray Comfort.s ''Evidence Bible'' is along the idea that you propose. A conservative response to such works as the skeptics annotated Bible could be useful, if done studiously. And and words could hyperlink to corresponding ref. works. But the work is already underway.[[User:Daniel1212|Daniel1212]] 13:11, 9 October 2009 (EDT)

::We have 10 guidelines; all are important to produce the best Bible possible. Leaving in liberal vandalism such as the [[adulteress story]] and the "forgive them, they know not what their doing," both of which deny the need for repentance, would be contrary to all scholarship, contrary to the original manuscripts, and contrary to the true biblical meaning.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 15:28, 9 October 2009 (EDT)
:::How do you find out which are the original manuscripts? My New American Bible doesn't say what manuscripts were used to make that translation of the Bible. Mr. Schlafly, I have heard you speak of the original manuscripts not containing those verses - would you please point me to where I can find them? We're going to have a class on bible translations with my catechism class next week and I would like to raise some of the things I'm learning from the project here. Thanks in advance, Cameron.

::::You may have seen Mr. Schlafly make this comment with reference to the adulteress story in particular. You can learn a bit about this passage and its dubious history [[Adulteress story|here]]. I do not believe that there is fixed set of manuscripts that are accepted as "original" by everyone... careful scholarship is required to reconstruct the original text from extant early sources. The vast majority of such early sources exclude this story and others. If you Google around for "pericope de adultera" you will find all the information you could possibly want about this story, and learn much about the oldest Biblical manuscripts along the way. --17:05, 9 October 2009 (EDT)

::::In addition to Mark's astute comments, Cameron, please realize that all modern translations (except the [[NKJV]], 1982) are based on the Nestle-Aland and United Bible Societies texts for the New Testament. More importantly, please realize that liberal bias introduces more error in modern translations than legitimate differences in interpretation of the ancient texts.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 20:44, 9 October 2009 (EDT)

Aside from mss issues, excluding these periscopes based upon them not teaching repentance is unwarranted, and, by itself, is not a sound hermeneutic.

How "go and sin not more" (Jn. 8:11; cf. 5:14) does not teach repentance i fail to see, while Lk. 23:34, as shown before, is easily interpreted by Acts 3:17, and which "ignorant" people are clearly commanded, "Repent ye therefore, and be converted...

In addition, many salvific texts in John do not mention repentance, though that is implicit in believing, and Jn. 8:11 helps to establish that.

For what it is worth, I think since 1897, Roman Catholic exegetes are required to hold the Pericope Adulterae as genuine.[[User:Daniel1212|Daniel1212]] 21:55, 9 October 2009 (EDT)

: Daniel, you're most welcome to contribute to the project. The bottom line is that this passage is not in the earliest manuscripts and there are many doctrinal and historical flaws to it, as explained in [[Essay:Adulteress Story]]. "Go and sin no more" is obviously not repentance. But let's not get hung up on a handful of verses. There are many more verses that await our attention.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 23:53, 9 October 2009 (EDT)

== Wouldn't a Neutral Bible project be more useful? ==
After reading more about this project I understand it less. If existing translations of the Bible are bad because of a liberal bias, shouldn't the goal be to create a neutral translation instead of a translation with conservative bias? Changing the political direction does not add any credibility to the resulting translation. Removing the perceived bias without adding your own bias could be useful. [[User:Fsamuels|Fsamuels]] 13:32, 9 October 2009 (EDT)
:Wouldn't "neutral" be the same as "compromise", politically-speaking? Right now there is a "gender-neutral" version of the Bible on store shelves, because someone insisted and demanded that God be represented that way. As far as a conservative version goes, it means "getting back to basics". ''"What is conservatism? Is it not adherence to the old and tried, against the new and untried?"'' That's what Abraham Lincoln himself said about conservatism, and it applies here. [[User:Karajou|Karajou]] 15:09, 9 October 2009 (EDT)

::Very well put, Karajou. Stated another way, conservatism is freedom from liberal bias. A conservative Bible is one that is 100% free of liberal bias. Not 50% liberal bias, not 10% liberal bias. 0% liberal bias.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 15:31, 9 October 2009 (EDT)

:::God forbid that a neutral translation would mean gender-neutral, as while "quit you like men, be strong" (1Cor. 16:33; cf. 1Sam. 4:9) could be rendered, "act like men", or "act manly", the man part is valid. But being free from lib bias should not be determined by whether it may be misappropriated to sound liberal, or otherwise hijacked. Jesus fed the hungry, but would not let Himself be turned into a socialistic vending machine. (Jn. 6:26,27) And the early disciples did live as a community, but there were critical things that enabled that, and differences which exclude Communism from using it an an example, or seeing its success. [[User:Daniel1212|Daniel1212]] 22:11, 9 October 2009 (EDT)

::::We're not going to change any original intent with this project.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 10:30, 10 October 2009 (EDT)

:::::A commitment not to change original intent must regard that the precise words of the original had a purpose, and this would much restrains interpretive renderings, though some degree of that is sometimes necessary. However, in the proposed CP version of Mt. 1:1, ''son'' is replaced with the liberal gender-neutral ''descendant'', as if God "sent His only begotten decedent" might later be acceptable.

:::::Worse, in 1:18 ''pregnant with the child of the Divine Guide'', and likewise in v.20, for the Holy (''hagios'', otherwise translated in KJV as holy, or saints) Ghost (''pneuma'' - breath). disregards His sanctity (which liberals dislike). Also, ''Guide'' interprets breath as according to His guiding function, while His primary distinctive effect in N.T. is that of giving life, a purely Divine attribute, and which the human ''pneuma'' also denotes. The body without the spirit is dead, (Jn. 2:26). Holy Spirit need not to be changed. I will place my comments on that talk page.[[User:Daniel1212|Daniel1212]] 10:55, 10 October 2009 (EDT)

== Suggestion ==

Lock all article pages related to this project and have users present their proposed edits on the talk pages to be considered and approved or rejected by others. This would for all intents and purposes end the vast majority of vandalism to this project. [[User:Jinxmchue|Jinx McHue]] 10:14, 10 October 2009 (EDT)

: A good suggestion, but I don't think it is necessary or that the people who hate God and the Bible would go away based on this. But your idea is worth keeping in mind.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 10:30, 10 October 2009 (EDT)

== Do not add or take from the word of God ==

Most conservative Bible scholars (including the late Dr. Vernon McGee) have considered the "adulteress story" authentic. Jesus was not condoning adultery, as He said to "go and sin no more". These verses were REMOVED from some later translations, but they do appear in most of the good manuscripts.

Also, the parables of the Lord should not be twisted to conform to modern concepts of "free market" which did not even exist in the times when the Bible was written. The ancient nation of Israel was tribal, which means it was agrarian and collective in some ways, and proto-capitalistic in others. Let the Word speak for itself, instead of spinning it to make it fit modern ideologies which you think are "conservative". (Free market isn't a conservative idea anyway; it's a libertarian one.)
[[User:CogitoErgoSum|CogitoErgoSum]] 11:10, 10 October 2009 (EDT)

Talk:Conservative Bible Project

2009-10-10T15:07:20Z

CogitoErgoSum:

Essay:Solving The Trig Problem

2008-09-14T17:55:36Z

CogitoErgoSum:

You may have recently heard the rumor that Alaska's governor Sarah Palin and her family are vigorously guarding a secret: that the new baby, Trig Paxson van Palin, was not born to Todd and Sarah Palin, but to their 16-year-old daughter Bristol. Supposedly, the parents are lying about the baby's parentage in order to spare their daughter from embarrassment, or to keep their own good image.

Well, it's safe to say that this rumor is '''nothing but a tabloid crock'''. Trig was almost certainly born to Todd and Sarah, rather than to their daughter. There are several reasons we can say this.

1. '''Medical'''. Trig Paxson Van Palin has Down's Syndrome. Mathematically, a 43-year-old mother has a 1-in-50 chance of having a Down's Syndrome child. A 16-year-old-mother has approximately 1-in-2000 chance of having one. By this factor alone, we can state:
There is a 39-out-of-40 chance that Trig is the offspring of the elder Palin.
Or, it is 39 times more likely that Sarah Palin, not Bristol Palin, is Trig's mother.
Or, there is a nearly 98% chance that Sarah Palin, not her daughter Bristol, is Trig's mother.

So that in itself should be enough evidence. But just in case it isn't, there's more.

2. '''Cultural'''. Trig Paxson Van Palin was given the middle name "Van" as a punning tribute to the Van Halen brothers of rock music fame. The Van Halens are from an older generation (they started rocking in 1972); they were in their heyday long before Bristol was born. Therefore it is much more likely that the baby was named by Todd and Sarah than by Bristol, because Bristol would probably not have thought to give him that name. Besides, how likely is it that a high school student would name her baby after ''trig''?

3. '''Experiential'''. The third reason is that Sarah Palin told everyone about the pregnancy afterward. She told the story of how she learned of the Down's Syndrome in her unborn child, and that Todd wasn't with her at the time when she found out. She talked all about how she came home and told Todd about it. It is very unlikely that all of it was made up ''ad hoc''.

4. '''Legal'''. It is highly doubtful that any hospital would falsify a birth record in that way, and would be very hard to get away with even if they tried.

So in short, don't listen to the gossip rumor that Trig Palin is the offspring of Gov. Palin's teenage daughter. It's just a cheap shot at this lady's reputation, made by the supporters of Barack Hussein Obama. (And it's very ignoble to "use" babies in this way, since they can't speak up and set the record straight.)

If you want to criticize Gov. Palin, you should at least do it about something true, and relevant. Like wanting to pump oil in a wildlife refuge, for instance.

Essay:Solving The Trig Problem

2008-09-13T18:04:32Z

CogitoErgoSum: New page: (work in progress)

(work in progress)

User:CogitoErgoSum

2008-09-13T18:03:56Z

CogitoErgoSum:

{{User Christian1}}
 

{{User BibleStudy}}
 

{{User nowar}}

==Essays==

*[[Essay:The Ethics of Ethanol]]
*[[Essay:Solving The Trig Problem]]
*[[Essay:One Little Greek Word]]
*[[Essay:Answers to Outrageous Pseudoconservative Statements]]
*[[Essay:My Country, 'Tis Of Thee]]
*[[Essay:I Find It Quite Ironic]]
*[[Essay:The World Is Growing Warmer]]

Feminists for Life

2008-09-03T14:26:54Z

CogitoErgoSum:

'''Feminists for Life''' is an organization that claims to be "[[pro-life]]" and attracts many pro-life college students to it based on that image. In fact, the organization has filed few-to-none pro-life [[amicus brief]]s in key [[abortion]] cases since 2000.<ref>It did join "The Fund for Animals" and other diverse groups in an amicus brief in 2002 in ''Schielder v. NOW'', which concerned the issue of applying racketeering laws against interest groups.</ref> Moreover, its own list of accomplishments features demonstrates that it has often supported [[liberal]] government programs that were not supported by other [[pro-life]] groups.<ref>http://www.feministsforlife.org/news/accomplishments.htm</ref>

Further research on the '''Feminists for Life''' website reveals that:<ref>http://www.feministsforlife.org/</ref>

* the group rarely cites "homemaker" favorably in its publications
* the group's website does not prominently advise college women that delaying childbirth increases their risk of breast cancer
* it is not easy for a website visitor to determine the group's position on euthanasia and [[abortion]] after rape

'''Feminists for Life''' do have articles disclosing the [[abortion]]-breast cancer link. For example, it says that:<ref>http://www.feministsforlife.org/taf/2002/Winter%2002-03/Winter02-03.pdf</ref>

:Daling and Brind's breast cancer studies [showing that abortion increases breast cancer] are not the only research censored by pro-[[abortion]] groups and the media. Additional studies indicate that women who have abortions may be at increased risk of cervical, ovarian and colorectal cancers.

A noted member of Feminists for Life is Jane Roberts, wife of U.S. Chief Justice [[John Roberts]]. Another is Alaska governor [[Sarah Palin|Sarah Heath Palin]].

== References ==

<references/>

[[category:Abortion]]
[[Category:Feminism]]

Feminists for Life

2008-09-03T14:25:55Z

CogitoErgoSum:

'''Feminists for Life''' is an organization that claims to be "[[pro-life]]" and attracts many pro-life college students to it based on that image. In fact, the organization has filed few-to-none pro-life [[amicus brief]]s in key [[abortion]] cases since 2000.<ref>It did join "The Fund for Animals" and other diverse groups in an amicus brief in 2002 in ''Schielder v. NOW'', which concerned the issue of applying racketeering laws against interest groups.</ref> Moreover, its own list of accomplishments features demonstrates that it has often supported [[liberal]] government programs that were not supported by other [[pro-life]] groups.<ref>http://www.feministsforlife.org/news/accomplishments.htm</ref>

Further research on the '''Feminists for Life''' website reveals that:<ref>http://www.feministsforlife.org/</ref>

* the group rarely cites "homemaker" favorably in its publications
* the group's website does not prominently advise college women that delaying childbirth increases their risk of breast cancer
* it is not easy for a website visitor to determine the group's position on euthanasia and [[abortion]] after rape

'''Feminists for Life''' do have articles disclosing the [[abortion]]-breast cancer link. For example, it says that:<ref>http://www.feministsforlife.org/taf/2002/Winter%2002-03/Winter02-03.pdf</ref>

:Daling and Brind's breast cancer studies [showing that abortion increases breast cancer] are not the only research censored by pro-[[abortion]] groups and the media. Additional studies indicate that women who have abortions may be at increased risk of cervical, ovarian and colorectal cancers.

A noted member of Feminists for Life is Jane Roberts, wife of U.S. Chief Justice [[John Roberts]]. Another is Alaska governor [[Sarah Heath Palin]].

== References ==

<references/>

[[category:Abortion]]
[[Category:Feminism]]

User talk:CogitoErgoSum

2008-08-13T15:22:18Z

CogitoErgoSum: /* First Ladies */

{{welcome|sig=[[User:Philip J. Rayment|Philip J. Rayment]] 12:16, 14 July 2007 (EDT)}}

== Physiology Page ==
I think it'd be good to expand a bit and define what the various organs do. I've only tinkered a little bit, but I'll work on it some more. [[User:Corry|Corry]] 10:58, 7 August 2008 (EDT)

==Your Userpage==
Did you want a horizontal or vertical view for the userboxes? To acquire a vertical view, just put 3 line breaks ( ) after each userbox. o.O [[User:NathanG|Nate]][[User_talk:NathanG|because people listen to what I say?]] 11:27, 7 August 2008 (EDT)

Thank you. [[User:CogitoErgoSum|CogitoErgoSum]] 11:43, 9 August 2008 (EDT)

==Political Affiliation?==

I noticed you wrote [[Essay:Answers to Outrageous Pseudoconservative Statements]]. I'm just wondering, what is your Political Affiliation? --[[User:DeanS|DeanStalk]] 12:59, 12 August 2008 (EDT)

Independent. I lean conservative, but strongly disagree with the GOP on issues of war and ecology. You could call me a "Ron Paul conservative."[[User:CogitoErgoSum|CogitoErgoSum]] 10:44, 13 August 2008 (EDT)

:Ok. Thanks for the clarification. --[[User:DeanS|DeanStalk]] 10:47, 13 August 2008 (EDT)

== First Ladies ==

Why did you add four random first ladies, in no apparent order? Apart from highlighting four more articles that do not exist, I don't see what purpose it served. Are you planning on creating the articles or giving a complete list? [[User:Learn together|Learn together]] 11:20, 13 August 2008 (EDT)

Giving a list. I just started with the ones I could remember off-hand. [[User:CogitoErgoSum|CogitoErgoSum]] 11:22, 13 August 2008 (EDT)

Sperm

2008-08-13T15:14:43Z

CogitoErgoSum:

[[Image:Sperm.png|right|thumb|3 different types of sperm cells: 
A) motile sperm (spermatozoon) 
B) non-motile sperm (spermatium) 
C) fertilization tube with sperm nuclei 
]]
A sperm cell ('''spermatozoon''', pl. '''spermatozoa''') is a [[flagellum|flagellated]] cell that serves as the male gamete in fertilisation. Spermatozoa are produced in large quantities by males in the seminiferous tubules of the [[testes]], and are stored in the [[epididymis]]. Their part in human [[reproduction]] is amongst the most amazing feats of nature due to the intense and exhausting journey sperm make in travelling up the cervix, [[uterus]] and (in some cases) [[fallopian tubes]], in order to reach the [[ovum]] and fertilise it. They are guided to it partly by a hormone released by the ovum itself.

[[Category:Biology]]
[[Category:Reproduction]]

Ovulation

2008-08-13T15:12:57Z

CogitoErgoSum:

'''Ovulation''' is part of the reproductive cycle in females in which eggs are available for [[fertilization]] leading to producing new offspring. In humans, ovulation occurs on an approximately monthly cycle, and the period of fertility is a few short days.

==Links==
*[http://www.fertilitycommunity.com/fertility/the-ovulation-cycle.html The Ovulation Cycle]

[[Category:Reproduction]]

Gender differences

2008-08-13T15:07:42Z

CogitoErgoSum: If someone wants to write an op-ed, it needs to be done in the essay section

'''Gender differences''' between men and women have been described throughout history. Many languages have adjectives to describe attributes thought of as characteristic to men ("masculine") or women ("feminine"). Not only are their physical bodies different, but there are significant character differences as well. This makes sense, because God made men and women "in his image" (Genesis 1:27) so as to reflect his divine nature. (Romans 1:20)

Although there are social variations apparent in different nations and times in history, broadly speaking it is possible to list traits which define [[masculinity]] and [[femininity]].

La Griffe du Lion writes:

:Men and women exhibit other behavioral differences which are apparent almost from birth. To some extent they mirror sex-differentiated behavior in animals. Boys are more aggressive, girls more nurturing. Female babies react more to facial expressions, males to moving objects. By adolescence these behaviors have morphed into girls' interest in social relationships, and boys' interest in machines and devices. Obviously, such divergence of interests influences career choices. Girls lean more toward fields like psychology, while similarly talented men incline toward engineering or physical science. <ref> [http://www.lagriffedulion.f2s.com/math.htm Sex Differences in Mathematical Aptitude] </ref>

==Social implications of views on gender differences==

The view that masculinity and femininity are inherent (God-given) traits is disputed by [[feminist]]s and some other social activists (see [[Homosexual agenda]]).

Feminists have often claimed that gender differences are not innate, let alone God-given. They do this to bolster their argument that men and women should be treated the same in society regardless of differences. And yet this is not always the case, especially when it favors women. For instance tudies that show that men have more violent impulses than women are taken at face value.

In a well known acknowledgment of gender differences in 2006, the President Lawrence Summers of Harvard University suggested (in a private meeting) that the lopsided proportion might not be due to prejudice or discrimination, but a simple factor such as personal inclination or aptitude. Unfortunately, as such an admission is not allowed, he was forced to recant his remarks. <ref> [http://www.boston.com/news/local/articles/2005/01/17/summers_remarks_on_women_draw_fire/ Summers' remarks on women draw fire - The Boston Globe] </ref>

==Relevant political issues==

Denial of gender differences is part of the justification for the [[liberal]] position on issues including:

*[[homosexuality]] - Some homosexual activists assert that if men and women are equivalent, then man-woman and man-man unions are likewise equally valid relationships. However, Christian egalitarians (such as the [[Council for Biblical Equality]]) maintain that it is possible to believe in full gender equality while still condemning homosexuality as immoral. Equality does not necessarily imply interchangeability (see [[Complementarity without hierarchy]]).
*[[Women in combat]]
*[[Education]] - For men and women to ever be educated differently or seperately would be considered discriminatory.
*Employment - Women who refuse to undergo higher education and establish a career before having a family are considered by [[feminists]] to be victims of male domination.
*Transgenderism - To liberals all genders are one, even to the point that some advocate mixed-gender washrooms and changing rooms. (Note, however, that unisex facilities of this type are also sometimes built for other reasons, such as to save the developer the expense of building two restrooms at the expense of gender privacy.)

==Notes==
{{reflist|2}}

[[Category:Sociology]]

Essay:I Find It Quite Ironic

2008-08-13T15:02:24Z

CogitoErgoSum:

*I find it quite ironic,
*And dare I say absurd,
*That something so iconic
*As the Pledge cannot be heard,
*Merely because its text includes
*The two words "under God"...
*And that on ''First Amendment'' grounds
*Those words would be outlawed!
*Could it be more offensive
*Just to display a cross,
*Or show a little sign which states,
*"Jesus still saves the lost,"
*Than it would be to shout insults,
*To curse, and flip the bird?
*I find it quite ironic,
*In fact, rather absurd.

*I find it diabolical,
*And thoroughly decadent,
*To treat our tiniest citizens
*Like so much excrement.
*Denied the right to trial,
*To life and liberty;
*Denied personhood status,
*Their mothers' "property",
*Routinely put to death in ways
*We'd shudder if we saw,
*Deprived of life without a charge--
*No "due process of law".
*The carnage yet continues,
*With no sign of relent.
*I find it diabolical,
*And thoroughly decadent.

Essay:I Find It Quite Ironic

2008-08-13T14:59:25Z

CogitoErgoSum: New page: I find it quite ironic, And dare I say absurd, That something so iconic As the Pledge cannot be heard, Merely because its text includes The two words "under God"... And that on ''First Ame...

I find it quite ironic,
And dare I say absurd,
That something so iconic
As the Pledge cannot be heard,
Merely because its text includes
The two words "under God"...
And that on ''First Amendment'' grounds
Those words would be outlawed!
Could it be more offensive
Just to display a cross,
Or show a little sign which states,
"Jesus still saves the lost,"
Than it would be to shout insults,
To curse, and flip the bird?
I find it quite ironic,
In fact, rather absurd.

I find it diabolical,
And thoroughly decadent,
To treat our tiniest citizens
Like so much excrement.
Denied the right to trial,
To life and liberty;
Denied personhood status,
Their mothers' "property",
Routinely put to death in ways
We'd shudder if we saw,
Deprived of life without a charge--
No "due process of law".
The carnage yet continues,
With no sign of relent.
I find it diabolical,
And thoroughly decadent.

Talk:Essay:Answers to Outrageous Pseudoconservative Statements

2008-08-13T14:48:10Z

CogitoErgoSum: New page: Nominated for deletion? Is it taboo to voice disagreement with Rush Limbaugh on Conservapedia?

Nominated for deletion? Is it taboo to voice disagreement with Rush Limbaugh on Conservapedia?

User talk:CogitoErgoSum

2008-08-13T14:44:47Z

CogitoErgoSum: /* Political Affiliation? */

Essay:The Ethics of Ethanol

2008-08-12T15:41:46Z

CogitoErgoSum: New page: A few years ago, ethanol was lauded as a wonderful new fuel for the future. Having now been experimented with all over the nation, it seems that (pardon my grammar) it "juss ain't so". Et...

A few years ago, ethanol was lauded as a wonderful new fuel for the future. Having now been experimented with all over the nation, it seems that (pardon my grammar) it "juss ain't so".

Ethanol uses corn to produce fuel, in lieu of using fossil fuel. The stated advantage is that it does not introduce new CO2 into the air, and does not create refinery wastes, and can be produced right here in North America rather than being imported from some radical "raghead republic" (as Mrs. Coulter would say).

However, there were several disadvantages apparent from the beginning. First of all, vehicles cannot run on pure ethanol. A great deal of petrol fuel (gasoline) must be mixed in, in order for the engine to work properly. Most cars require 90% petro-gasoline and 10% ethanol fuel. Therefore, ethanol can never provide energy sustainability and self-sufficiency in transportation, no matter how much is produced. Even if we made a billion barrels of ethanol, we would need nine billion barrels of unleaded regular to make it useful. Thus ethanol cannot reduce petroleum dependency by any more than 10%, unless every engine was replaced with a flex-fuel engine.

Furthermore, ethanol fuel requires corn to manufacture. This has caused an artificial corn shortage and has led to the increased planting of corn. If this were to continue, it would not only limit the food supply, but cause the clearing of wild areas as space demands increase. Many CRP lands would be plowed under for corn as soon as the term is up, rather than being renewed in the conservation programs. Thus, the ethanol economy would actually cause more harm to the environment than benefit. It would also create a need for food crop imports from other nations, thus negating any possible benefits to national economic self-sufficiency, or ''chu-che'' as the Koreans call it.

Fortunately, however, ethanol is not the only bio-fuel available. Biodiesel holds great promise, and especially the kind which can be produced by growing algae in lakes, canals, and shallow ponds. It produces more energy than corn, ten to twenty times over, and at least five times more than biodiesel derived from waste vegetable oil (soybean-derived) or sunseed oil.

So it appears, after looking at petroleum, corn, sunflowers, and soy as fuel sources, it may well turn out to be ''pond scum'' that saves the day.

Oh, for Heaven's sakes, whodathunkit?

User:CogitoErgoSum

2008-08-12T15:37:36Z

CogitoErgoSum: /* Essays */

{{User Christian1}}
 

{{User BibleStudy}}
 

{{User nowar}}

==Essays==

*[[Essay:The Ethics of Ethanol]]
*[[Essay:One Little Greek Word]]
*[[Essay:Answers to Outrageous Pseudoconservative Statements]]
*[[Essay:My Country, 'Tis Of Thee]]
*[[Essay:I Find It Quite Ironic]]
*[[Essay:The World Is Growing Warmer]]

User:CogitoErgoSum

2008-08-12T15:36:51Z

CogitoErgoSum:

{{User Christian1}}
 

{{User BibleStudy}}
 

{{User nowar}}

==Essays==

[[Essay:The Ethics of Ethanol]]
[[Essay:One Little Greek Word]]
[[Essay:Answers to Outrageous Pseudoconservative Statements]]
[[Essay:My Country, 'Tis Of Thee]]
[[Essay:I Find It Quite Ironic]]
[[Essay:The World Is Growing Warmer]]

Sperm

2008-08-12T15:33:23Z

CogitoErgoSum:

Brian Mulroney

2008-08-11T14:24:42Z

CogitoErgoSum:

'''Martin Brian Mulroney''' was the 18th [[Prime_Minister_of_Canada|Prime Minister of Canada]] from 1984-1993.

Mulroney was born in [[Baie-Comeau]], [[Quebec]] in 1939, the son of an electrician. In 1955, he attended St. Francis Xavier University in Antigonish, [[Nova Scotia]], studying arts and commerce before majoring in political science. He graduated with honours in 1959, Mulroney studying law at Dalhousie University in [[Halifax]], and later at Laval University in [[Québec City]], a year later. Always interested in politics, Mulroney ran for federal leadership of the [[Progressive Conservative Party of Canada]], in 1976 but lost to [[Joe Clark]]. In 1983 he ran again and won the party leadership. The following year, Brian Mulroney led the Conservatives to the largest majority in Canadian history, winning 211 seats in the House of Commons in the 1984 election over [[John Turner]]. Four years later the Conservatives won another majority.

In his nine years in office Brian Mulroney led [[Canada]] into a new economic age by reducing the government [[deficit]] spending of the [[Liberal_Party_of_Canada|Liberal Party]] and securing [[free trade]] with the [[United States]] and [[Mexico]]. He set in motion the creation of Canada's newest territory, [[Nunavut]] and worked hard with the Canadian Provinces to strengthen the Canadian federation. The [[Meech Lake Accord]] attempted to define conditions under which Quebec could sign the 1982 Constitution, but failed to become law when it was not passed by the [[Manitoba]] and [[Newfoundland]] legislatures. Another endeavour to secure constitutional unanimity was undertaken with the [[Charlottetown Accord]] in 1992. A national referendum was called on this agreement, and it was defeated. Mulroney resigned from politics in 1993, but remains active as a lawyer in Canada.

During the 1990's, [[Peter Newman]] wrote a critique of Mulroney's administration, and revealed various ethically questionable practices of Mulroney's. In response, Mulroney delivered a message to the [[Press Gallery Dinner]], an event for journalists and politicians in Ottawa. Mulroney scrapped plans for a formal written-out message, and instead simply said his now-notorious, and profane, line: "Peter Newman, go (do) yourself. Good night."

{{DEFAULTSORT: Mulroney, Brian}}
[[Category:Canadian Prime Ministers]]

Prime Minister

2008-08-11T14:08:37Z

CogitoErgoSum: /* Roles of a Prime Minister */

In a parliamentary system, the '''Prime Minister''' is the head of the [[government]], having been elected by the majority party or coalition in [[parliament]].

==First Prime Minister==

[[Robert Walpole]] is generally considered as the first prime minister. Walpole was the prime minister of [[Britain]] between 1721 - 42. The British prime ministry has served as a model for the heads of government in many [[Commonwealth]] countries, [[Europe]] and [[Japan]].

==Roles of a Prime Minister==

The prime minister has appointive powers and is responsible for the government's legislative program, budget, and other policies. His term of office lasts until the next scheduled election or until he loses legislative support. In [[France]] and [[Russia]], which have semipresidential systems with both a president and a prime minister, the [[president]] wields greater power but the prime minister controls the domestic legislative agenda.

==See also==

*[[Parliament]]
*[[Prime Minister of Canada]]

[[category:politics]]
[[Category:Government]]

First Lady

2008-08-11T14:06:51Z

CogitoErgoSum: /* Former First Ladies */

The '''First Lady''' is the wife of the [[President of the United States]] of America. The current First Lady is [[Laura Bush]].

==Former First Ladies==
* [[Martha Washington]]
* [[Jane Adams]]
* [[Abigail Adams]]
* [[Barbara Bush]]
* [[Sarah Polk]]
* [[Mary Todd Lincoln]]
* [[Rosalind Carter]]
* [[Hillary Clinton]]
* [[Nancy Reagan]]
* [[Jacquelyn Kennedy]]
* [[Edith Wilson]]
* [[Eleanor Roosevelt]]
* [[Lady Bird Johnson]]
[[category:United States]]

Talk:Liberal Style

2008-08-10T16:19:00Z

CogitoErgoSum:

Point #28 should be edited to remove, "Never say it about fellow liberals", since CP's "Breaking News" quotes Hillary saying it about Obama. In fact, the Breaking News entry even refers to point #28. So either Obama is not liberal, or Point #28 should be modified.--[[User:Jdellaro|Jdellaro]] 10:59, 24 February 2008 (EST)

: Good point, but Obama is not a ''fellow'' liberal with respect to Hillary. He is an "adversary" to Hillary. Any suggestions to make more precise, while keeping it concise?--[[User:Aschlafly|Aschlafly]] 11:02, 24 February 2008 (EST)

:: Instead of using "Never", perhaps use the word "rarely". --[[User:Jdellaro|Jdellaro]] 13:38, 24 February 2008 (EST)

::: Good suggestion. "Rarely" is weaker than I'd like, but let's use it as the best suggestion so far. Thanks.--[[User:Aschlafly|Aschlafly]] 13:47, 24 February 2008 (EST)

== Israel ==

"referring to Israel as "occupied territories""

Hello, I notice the article (which is very funny and good by the way) gets it right about "occupied" "palestinian" territories, but conservapedia article for Israel doesnt'! If you look at the map it shows east-jerusalem and ALL judea-samaria, golan hights, as not Israel, even parts that are definely Jewish. maybe some of the "Palestinian" cities, like area "A" in Oslo treaties, should not be mapped in Israel. But absolutely east-jerusalem must be, since it is annexed to Israel since 1980s, and not even liberals expect Israel to give it up to the terrorists. same for golan. i would remove the map myself but, the artical is "locked" from vandalisms.

Étienne Léger

== Neville Chamberlain ==

Neville Chamberlain was a conservative Prime Minister, it's a bit foolish to criticise a liberal trait and use a conservative as an example.--[[User:JesusIsMyHomeboy|JesusIsMyHomeboy]] 22:33, 24 February 2008 (EST)

== Childish ==

While I understand that conservapedia wishes to be encyclopedia with a conservative bias, there is a difference between childish name calling and factual data. Please I beg you hearsay and opinion are no basis for an encyclopedia. [[User:Rellik|Rellik]] 23:58, 31 March 2008 (EDT)

This should really be an essay, since it's basically vilifying everyone at the other end of the political spectrum; characterising them as slippery, disingenuous and vindictive. Why on earth is it so hard for people here to accept that liberals are capable of honest discussion? [[User:Underscoreb|Underscoreb]] 18:44, 3 April 2008 (EDT)

:Because we can't recall ever seeing any. Perhaps you'd like to be the first to destroy my preconceptions? --[[User:Ed Poor|Ed Poor]] [[User talk:Ed Poor|Talk]] 18:46, 3 April 2008 (EDT)
::I'd be more than happy to. Perhaps you could critique my entry on [[liberal ideology]]? :-D [[User:Underscoreb|Underscoreb]] 19:46, 3 April 2008 (EDT)

Seriously. Half of these are not even credited to any source. Its particularly ironic that one of the points is "Unjustified expertise" with no citation. Plus liberals just see the way we should solve problems differently... we are people too (and good ones at that too!). --[[User:Snotbowst|Snotbowst]] 15:09, 24 April 2008 (EDT)

== Removing 'sigh' entry ==
A sigh is an expression of tiredness and/or exasperation. Everyone sighs, including your sysops (see [[Talk:Hollywood values]] for evidence)
[[User:AdenJ|AdenJ]] 01:01, 29 April 2008 (EDT)

It would appear I cant so can someone else?
[[User:AdenJ|AdenJ]] 01:02, 29 April 2008 (EDT)

==Point number 39==
This entire article is somewhat hyperbolic. Having this point is somewhat hypocritical?

==Tragic==

The contradictions I see here are the same contradictions the Liberal left display when they attack the conservative right. Partisans have no idea of how foolish they look to the rest of us. [[User:LChriosa|LChriosa]] 14:12, 16 May 2008 (EDT)

== "Shame" ==

I think the shame point is a bit ridiculous. Heck, shame is a theme in Christianity -- Adam and Eve felt shame for being naked. I don't think God is a liberal.[[User:JPohl|JPohl]] 12:41, 4 June 2008 (EDT)

:Can someone remove this point? It doesn't look like there are any objects.[[User:JPohl|JPohl]] 10:53, 6 June 2008 (EDT)

==Point No. 8==

Global warming is a wacky liberal theory? As if thermometers have liberal ideologies? Heavens. [[User:CogitoErgoSum|CogitoErgoSum]] 12:19, 10 August 2008 (EDT)

Marigold

2008-08-10T15:37:09Z

CogitoErgoSum: New page: A '''marigold''' is an herbaceous plant belonging to the genus ''Tagetes'', of the family ''Asteraceae'' (syn. ''Compositae''). Most have yellow or orange, composite flowers.

A '''marigold''' is an herbaceous plant belonging to the genus ''Tagetes'', of the family ''Asteraceae'' (syn. ''Compositae''). Most have yellow or orange, composite flowers.

Cornflower

2008-08-10T15:34:46Z

CogitoErgoSum:

A '''Cornflower''', or '''bachelor's button''', is a plant belonging to the genus ''Centaurea'', especially ''Centaurea cyanus''.

It is an composite herb (member of the family ''Compositae'' or ''Asteraceae'') with compound inflorescences, structurally similar to those of the dandelion. The flowers are most often blue, but can be other colors as well. The plant is native to western and central Russia, but has been widely introduced throughout Europe, North America, and central Asia. In some parts of Europe, the wild cornflower is a weed.

Cornflowers are often found in a symbiotic association with [[rye]]. Cornflowers, by repelling destructive insects, can increase the rye crop yield <ref>Soloukhin, 1972.</ref>

==Symbolism==

In the "language of flowers" or floral symbolism, the cornflower symbolizes contentment with unmarried life.

It also is a symbol of the CIS (formerly USSR), and represents abundance when it is depicted in Russian heraldry.

Cornflower

2008-08-10T15:33:59Z

CogitoErgoSum: New page: A '''Cornflower''', or '''bachelor's button''', is a plant belonging to the genus ''Centaurea'', especially ''Centaurea cyanus'''. It is an composite herb (member of the family ''Composit...

A '''Cornflower''', or '''bachelor's button''', is a plant belonging to the genus ''Centaurea'', especially ''Centaurea cyanus'''.

It is an composite herb (member of the family ''Compositae'' or ''Asteraceae'') with compound inflorescences, structurally similar to those of the dandelion. The flowers are most often blue, but can be other colors as well. The plant is native to western and central Russia, but has been widely introduced throughout Europe, North America, and central Asia. In some parts of Europe, the wild cornflower is a weed.

Cornflowers are often found in a symbiotic association with [[rye]]. Cornflowers, by repelling destructive insects, can increase the rye crop yield <ref>Soloukhin, 1972.</ref>

==Symbolism==

In the "language of flowers" or floral symbolism, the cornflower symbolizes contentment with unmarried life.

It also is a symbol of the CIS (formerly USSR), and represents abundance when it is depicted in Russian heraldry.

Wikiproject:News

2008-08-10T14:52:03Z

CogitoErgoSum: /* Members */

Hello, and welcome to Wikiproject:News. We are a project trying to improve both the "In the News" section and the "Previous Breaking News" articles by subject. The immediate purpose of the "Previous Breaking News" is to allow editors to review news articles they might have missed while away from the site. The ultimate purpose of the "Previous Breaking News" is to update the corresponding Conservapedia articles.

==Members==
''If you are a liberal, or are offended by the news articles on the Main Page, do NOT sign up.'' We are not going to put liberal items on the Main Page, so your suggestions will be ignored and you will be removed from this project. To sign up simply put <nowiki>*~~~~</nowiki>.

Since Conservapedia administrators have edit rights to the "In the news" section of the Main Page, Admins are automatically members of Wikiproject:News and do not need to sign up.

* [[User:AgnethaF|AgnethaF]] 14:43, 8 August 2008 (EDT)
* [[User:CogitoErgoSum|CogitoErgoSum]] 10:52, 10 August 2008 (EDT)

==Subprojects==

===In the news===
This subsection is for suggestions for the "In the news" section of the Main Page. The news section is '''not''' trying to be unbiased. News items will be biased toward conservative, Christian people and views.

[[Wikiproject:News/Guidelines|Review]] the Guidelines. Make your suggestions [[Wikiproject:News/Suggestions|here]].

===Previous Breaking News===
This subsection is for updates to the [[Wikiproject:News/Previous Breaking News|Previous Breaking News]] by Subjects. The ultimate purpose is to use the previous news articles to update the corresponding Conservapedia articles.

Ruth Bader Ginsburg

2008-08-09T17:07:19Z

CogitoErgoSum:

[[Image:Ruth.jpg|right]]
The Honorable '''Ruth Bader Ginsburg''' (b. 1933) is an Associate Justice of the [[U.S. Supreme Court]], nominated by President [[Bill Clinton]] in 1993 to replace the Honorable [[Byron White]]. Prior to that she had served as an appellate judge on the [[D.C. Circuit]], as a lead attorney for the [[ACLU]], and as a law professor. She is noted for taking the lead in issues of sexual discrimation.

== Political Views ==

Ruth Bader Ginsburg co-authored the book called ''Sex Bias in the U.S. Code'' in 1977 with a [[feminist]], Brenda Feigen-Fasteau, for which they were paid with federal funds under Contract No. CR3AK010. The 230-page book was published by
the [[U.S. Commission on Civil Rights]]. It was written to identify the [[federal law]]s that allegedly discriminate on account of sex and to promote ratification of the then-pending federal [[Equal Rights Amendment]] (ERA), for which Ginsburg was a fervent advocate. Here are some of Ginsburg’s [[liberal]] recommendations set forth in her book ''Sex Bias in the U.S. Code''.<ref>Phyllis Schlafly, ''The Supremacists'', pp. 215-216 (Spence Publishing 2006).</ref>

Ginsburg called for the sex-integration of [[prison]]s and reformatories so that conditions of imprisonment, security and housing could be equal. She explained, "If the grand design of such institutions is to prepare inmates for return to the community as persons equipped to benefit from and contribute to civil society, then perpetuation of single-sex institutions should be rejected." (101) She called for the sex-integration of [[Boy Scouts]] and [[Girl Scouts]] because they "perpetuate stereotyped sex roles." (145) She insisted on sex-integrating "college [[fraternity]] and [[sorority]] chapters" and replacing them with "college
social societies." (169) She even cast constitutional doubt on the legality of "[[Mother's Day]] and [[Father's Day]] as separate holidays." (146)

Ginsburg called for reducing the age of consent for sexual acts to persons who are "less than 12 years old." (102) She asserted that laws against "[[bigamy |bigamist]]s, persons cohabiting with more than one woman, and women cohabiting with a bigamist" are unconstitutional. (195) She objected to laws against [[prostitution]] because "prostitution, as a consensual act between adults, is arguably within the zone of privacy protected by recent constitutional decisions." (97) Ginsburg wrote that the [[Mann Act]] (which punishes those who engage in interstate sex
traffic of women and girls) is "offensive." Such acts should be considered "within the zone of privacy." (98)

Ginsburg said that the concept of husband-breadwinner and wife-homemaker "must be eliminated from the code if it is to reflect the equality principle," (206) and she called for "a comprehensive program of government supported child care." (214) She demanded that we "firmly reject draft or combat exemption for women," stating that "women must be subject to the draft if men are." But, she added, "the need for [[affirmative action]] and for transition measures is particularly strong in the uniformed services." (218)

An indefatigable censor, Ginsburg listed hundreds of "sexist" words that must be eliminated from all statutes. Among words she found offensive were: man, woman, manmade, mankind, husband, wife, mother, father, sister, brother, son, daughter,
serviceman, longshoreman, postmaster, watchman, seamanship, and "to man" (a vessel), even though most of these words with the ''-man'' suffix date back to Middle English in which it meant "human" and not specifically "male". (15-16) She even wanted he, she, him, her, his, and hers to be dropped down the Memory Hole. They must be replaced by he/she, her/him, and hers/his, and federal statutes must use the bad grammar of "plural constructions to
avoid third person singular pronouns." (52-53)

== References ==

<references/>

{{DEFAULTSORT: Ginsburg, Ruth Bader}}

[[category:United States Supreme Court Justices]]

Gender roles

2008-08-09T16:58:02Z

CogitoErgoSum: /* Different Feminist Perspectives */

'''Gender roles''' refer to the social constructs, by which men are assigned to some traditional duties, and women to others. While cultures worldwide have had disparate conceptions of gender roles, in the [[American]] and [[Catholic]] traditions, the roles are those of men as breadwinners and women as homemakers.

==Choice as a Factor of Modern Gender Roles==
Moderate feminists fight the idea that gender roles should be forced on women, either by those who seek to force women to be homemakers, or by those who seek to force women to choose careers. Therefore, modern feminists embrace the precept of choice, that women should be able to choose whether to be a homemaker, or a career professional.

This accommodates the view of some feminists, who view homemaking as a restrictive waste of time, and also upholds the beliefs of other women, who believe that homemaking is one of the most challenging and rewarding pursuits, and many women are happier caring for their homes and children than pursuing a career, contrary to feminist positions. Thus, the major point of the moderate feminist approach to gender roles is that the woman be able to choose her role with freedom, and without pressure from friend or institution.

==Different Feminist Perspectives==
Since feminism is less a single idea, than an umbrella term for a number of belief systems which exalt women as (at least) the equals of men, feminists can and often do diverge as to the value, or existence of gender roles. Some feminists are openly hostile to men. Others - the majority - are not.

===Moderate or Mainstream Feminist Quotes===
Modern moderate feminists, or early feminists who later came to define the mainstream, tend to view feminism as a larger field, embracing choice and opportunity rather than restrictive anti-motherhood or anti-professionalism beliefs. Elaine Heffner is a key example.

{{quotebox|Women do not have to sacrifice personhood if they are mothers. They do not have to sacrifice motherhood in order to be persons. Liberation was meant to expand women's opportunities, not to limit them. The self-esteem that has been found in new pursuits can also be found in mothering. -- Elaine Heffner}}

{{quotebox|Does feminist mean large unpleasant person who'll shout at you, or someone who believes women are human beings? To me it's the latter, so I sign up. -- Margaret Atwood}}

{{quotebox|A feminist is a woman who does not allow anyone to think in her place. -- Michele Le Doeuff}}

{{quotebox|I myself have never been able to find out precisely what feminism is: I only know that people call me a feminist whenever I express sentiments that differentiate me from a doormat. -- Rebecca West}}

===Radical Feminist Quotes===
The early feminist [[Simone de Beauvoir]] sought to stop women from being housewives, whether they wanted to or not. She wrote:
{{quotebox|[W]oman's work within the home [is] not directly useful to society, produces nothing. [The housewife] is subordinate, secondary, parasitic. It is for their common welfare that the situation must be altered by prohibiting marriage as a 'career' for woman." - ''The Second Sex'', 1949. [http://ccostello.blogspot.com/2007/05/feminism-vs-womens-rights.html]}}

==Complementarian Christian Perspective==
It is important to note that God created men and women equal but ''different''. People are chosen by God to fulfill his purposes according to their talents.<ref>''Understanding the Times'' (Summit Ministries, Manitou Springs, Colorado 2006)</ref>

[[God]] declared in [[Genesis]] 2:18, "It is not good for the man to be alone."<ref>http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?book_id=1&chapter=2&verse=18&version=31&context=verse</ref> God created men and women to work together to accomplish what neither could do on their own.

==Sociology Perspective==
According to some writers,{{who}} gender may be understood more as a [[cultural concept]] and a complex set of [[learned behavior]]s that is contingent not only on culture, but also on history. Gender roles and expectations are always in flux and vary from one society to another and one time to another. Thus, the qualities and behaviors expected of [[women]] by a particular society at a particular historical time is called [[femininity]]; [[masculinity]] is what is expected of [[men]] in a particular cultural and historical setting.

==See Also==

*[[Feminism]]
*[[Gender]]

==References==

<references/>

[[Category:Worldviews]]
[[Category:Christianity]]

Gender roles

2008-08-09T16:57:30Z

CogitoErgoSum: Removing bias and blanket statements; changing "modern" to "moderate"

Feminists for Life

2008-08-09T16:51:23Z

CogitoErgoSum:

'''Feminists for Life''' is an organization that claims to be "[[pro-life]]" and attracts many pro-life college students to it based on that image. In fact, the organization has filed few-to-none pro-life [[amicus brief]]s in key [[abortion]] cases since 2000.<ref>It did join "The Fund for Animals" and other diverse groups in an amicus brief in 2002 in ''Schielder v. NOW'', which concerned the issue of applying racketeering laws against interest groups.</ref> Moreover, its own list of accomplishments features demonstrates that it has often supported [[liberal]] government programs that were not supported by other [[pro-life]] groups.<ref>http://www.feministsforlife.org/news/accomplishments.htm</ref>

Based on the '''Feminists for Life''' website<ref>http://www.feministsforlife.org/</ref>, it is not easy for a website visitor to determine the group's position on euthanasia and [[abortion]] after rape

'''Feminists for Life''' do have articles disclosing the [[abortion]]-breast cancer link. For example, it says that:<ref>http://www.feministsforlife.org/taf/2002/Winter%2002-03/Winter02-03.pdf</ref>

:Daling and Brind's breast cancer studies [showing that abortion increases breast cancer] are not the only research censored by pro-[[abortion]] groups and the media. Additional studies indicate that women who have abortions may be at increased risk of cervical, ovarian and colorectal cancers.

A noted member of Feminists for Life is Jane Roberts, wife of U.S. Chief Justice [[John Roberts]].

== References ==

<references/>

[[category:Abortion]]
[[Category:Feminism]]

Talk:Feminists for Life

2008-08-09T16:48:28Z

CogitoErgoSum: New page: I am removing irrelevant points. They rarely cite the word "homemaker" favorably...what does that have to do with whether or not they are pro-life?

I am removing irrelevant points. They rarely cite the word "homemaker" favorably...what does that have to do with whether or not they are pro-life?

User talk:SaberTruth

2008-08-09T16:43:23Z

CogitoErgoSum: New page: Hello there, You wrote on your user page that the Constitution was founded on the "Judeo-Christian" ethic. I would like to point out that there is no such thing as a Judeo-Christian ethic...

Hello there,

You wrote on your user page that the Constitution was founded on the "Judeo-Christian" ethic. I would like to point out that there is no such thing as a Judeo-Christian ethic, and never has been. The Christian ethic is far different from the modern Judaic. [[User:CogitoErgoSum|CogitoErgoSum]] 12:43, 9 August 2008 (EDT)

Pregnancy

2008-08-09T16:28:38Z

CogitoErgoSum:

'''Pregnancy''' describes the condition of a mother carrying her unborn offspring<ref>In medical terms pregnancy is used only to describe the state of a ''human'' mother. In informal and agricultural circles it is often used to describe the state of any gestating mammal</ref>. A woman becomes pregnant when a fertilised egg—a new human life—is implanted into her [[uterus]].
Pregnancy lasts approximately nine months, after which the baby, if born naturally, is born via the [[birth canal]]. Pregnancy in animals other than humans is referred to under the broader term of [[gestation]]. In humans, the terms "gestation" and "pregnancy" are not exactly synonymous. Physicians and midwives generally use the former word when discussing it from the fetus' perspective (e.g., ''Hearing develops between the 15th and 20th week of '''gestation''' ''), and the latter word when discussing it from the mother's perspective (e.g., ''Morning sickness generally subsides between the 15th and 20th week of '''pregnancy''' '').

==Stages of Pregnancy==

===Implantation===

Pregnancy begins with the implantation of the conceptus into the wall of the uterus. This contains the cells that will develop into the baby as well as those which will go on to form the placenta and membranes.

===Embryonic Stage===

The embryonic stage consists largely of the differentiation of cells into the tissues of the body. It is divided up into 23 carnegie stages which represent different stages of development.

===Fetal Stage===

The fetal stage mainly consists of the growth of the foetus and continued development of internal systems.

==Footnotes==

<references/>

==See Also==

*[[Parturition]]
*[[Common Maternal Complaints During Pregnancy]]
*[[human reproduction]]

[[category:biology]]
[[Category:Pregnancy]]

Human reproduction

2008-08-09T16:17:27Z

CogitoErgoSum:

'''Human reproduction''' is the process by which children are conceived and born. In order for human reproduction to occur under normal circumstances<ref>Exceptionally, reproduction may take place via procedures such as [[in vitro fertilization]]</ref>, a man and woman engage in [[sexual intercourse]]. [[Christianity]] sanctions intercourse within [[marriage]]; most non-Christian cultures also enshrine this activity within a marriage-like union: a lifelong, religiously and legally sanctioned bond between one man and one woman.

The ultimate act of intimacy serves to unite the male and female [[gamete]]s, the [[sperm]] and [[egg]], respectively. These gametes carry just one half of the [[gene]]tic material ([[chromosome]]s) from each parent, and when they combine the new [[embryo]] contains a full set of chromosomes, as well as its [[soul]]. The process of the gametes combining is called [[fertilization]], and takes place inside the woman's body, in the [[Fallopian tubes]] or [[uterus]]. The embryo then attaches itself to the uterine lining, and is nourished by the placenta (which in turn receives its nourishment from the mother's body) while it develops. This development takes roughly nine months (see [[Naegele's Rule]]).

At the end of this process of protected development, what was once an embryo is now born as a new baby. Human babies are relatively helpless, and depend on the care and love of their parents in order to survive to maturity themselves.

Humans are not able to reproduce alone by [[budding]], [[parthenogenesis]], or [[self-cloning]] as some species are capable of. In addition, human [[gender]] is fixed at conception, unlike some species'; females are not able to become male or vice versa to deal with homogeneous populations of one gender.

== References ==
<references/>

[[Category:Sexuality]]

Physiology

2008-08-09T16:11:11Z

CogitoErgoSum: /* Muscular */

Physiology is the study of how living organisms function

==Organ systems==

In physiology the various organs are grouped into systems based on their function. This makes it easier to understand how an organism works. More and more, however, we learn that the organs interface with one another in ways outside of the classic definitions of the systems. For example, the kidneys, generally thought of as being in the urinary system, are involved in producing hormones (endocrine system) that regulate blood pressure (circulatory system). The systems are: Circulatory, Immune/Lymphatic, Skeletal, Muscular, Digestive/Excretory, Endocrine, Respiratory, Reproductive, Nervous/Sensory, Integumentary, and Urinary. Not every physician or scientist uses the same groupings. For example, skeletal and muscular may be together, as the musculoskeletal system, and the reproductive and urinary system may be together, as the genitourinary system.

==Circulatory==

The circulatory system interface with the respiratory system to pump oxygenated blood throughout the body, thus supplying the organs with nutrients. The circulatory system consists of the heart and blood vessels. The heart is a special muscle which constantly and automatically pumps blood through the blodo vessels. The blood vessels consist of arteries, arterioles (smaller arteries), capillaries, venules (small veins), and veins. Arteries carry blood away from the heart, whereas veins carry blood to the heart. Normally arteries carry oxygenated blood and the veins normally carry oxygen-poor blood, but this is not always the case, as with the pulmonary arteries and veins which carry blood back and forth between the heart and lungs. Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels and are where oxygen exchange between blood and organs takes place.

==Immune and Lymphatic==

==Skeletal==

Bones (206 in all); joints, tendons, and cartilage.

==Muscular==

Consists of over 600 named muscles<ref>Stoppard, 1988.</ref>. Muscles are classified into three types: smooth or involuntary, striated or voluntary, and cardiac.

*''Smooth muscle'' is found in the linings of arteries, in the lining of the digestive system, and in various organs. Smooth muscle is also called "involuntary" muscle.

Most smooth muscle, such as the lining of the stomach, is controlled by the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. Some smooth muscles, such as the [[myometrium]] (smooth muscle of the uterus), act mostly in response to hormones.

==Digestive and Excretory==

*[[Mouth]]--digestion starts in the mouth, as that is where the food is first broken down
*[[Esophagus]]--carries food and fluids from mouth to stomach
*[[Stomach]]--digests food
*[[Small intestine]]--allows fluids and nutrients to be absorbed into the system, by means of [[villi]]
*[[Cecum]] or caecum--absorbs more fluid into the system
*[[Colon]] or large intestine--concentrates waste for elimination
*[[Rectum]]--expels waste from the body

==Endocrine==

Glands including the [[thyroid]], [[pituitary]], [[pineal]], [[gonads]], [[thymus]], [[pancreas]], and [[adrenals]]. They produce [[hormones]] to facilitate metabolic, reproductive, and circadian cycles.

==Respiratory==

Consists of the lungs, bronchi, trachea (windpipe), larynx (voice box), epiglottis, nose, and sinuses.

==Reproductive==

The reproductive system facilitates procreation, and is closely associated with the endocrine system.

*'''Female reproductive organs'''
*[[Uterus]]--Carries the [[fetus]] during [[gestation]]
*[[Ovaries]]--Produce [[ova]]; also produce [[hormone]]s and thus are also classified as endocrine organs. Homologous to the [[testicles]] in the male.
*[[Fallopian tube]]s--Conducts the [[ovum]] from the ovary to the uterus, by means of [[cilia]].

*'''Male reproductive organs'''
*[[Testicle]]s--Produce [[spermatozoa]]; also produce [[hormone]]s and thus are also classified as endocrine organs. Homologous to the [[ovaries]] in the female.
*[[Prostate]]--Produces fluids to supply nutrients to the spermatozoa; also closes the bladder.
*[[Bulbourethral gland]]--An [[exocrine]] gland that produces mucus to lubricate the ducts of the reproductive system.

Each male reproductive organ is [[homologous]], or directly corresponding, to a particular female reproductive organ.

==Nervous/Sensory==

*Nervous system: brain, nerves, nerve endings, and spinal cord

*Sensory organs: optical (eyes and optic nerve), olfactory (nose, sinuses, olfactory bulb), gustative (taste buds), and auditory (ears, ossicles, eustachian tubes)

==Integumentary==

Consists of the skin and its glands (eccrine, apocrine, and sebaceous), and the hair follicles. The female [[mammary gland]] is also often considered part of the integumentary system, because it is structurally a modified form of the eccrine gland.

==Urinary==

*[[Kidney]]s--filter selected compounds such as urea from the blood, generating urine in the process

*[[Ureter]]s--carry off urine, draining the kidneys

*[[Bladder]]--contractable organ that stores urine; its wall is composed of muscle which expands to allow room for urine, or contracts to expel it from the body ([[micturition]])

*[[Urethra]]--passageway through which urine exits the bladder during urination

==References==

<references/>

[[Category:Life Sciences]]

Physiology

2008-08-09T16:00:03Z

CogitoErgoSum: /* Respiratory */

Physiology is the study of how living organisms function

==Organ systems==

In physiology the various organs are grouped into systems based on their function. This makes it easier to understand how an organism works. More and more, however, we learn that the organs interface with one another in ways outside of the classic definitions of the systems. For example, the kidneys, generally thought of as being in the urinary system, are involved in producing hormones (endocrine system) that regulate blood pressure (circulatory system). The systems are: Circulatory, Immune/Lymphatic, Skeletal, Muscular, Digestive/Excretory, Endocrine, Respiratory, Reproductive, Nervous/Sensory, Integumentary, and Urinary. Not every physician or scientist uses the same groupings. For example, skeletal and muscular may be together, as the musculoskeletal system, and the reproductive and urinary system may be together, as the genitourinary system.

==Circulatory==

The circulatory system interface with the respiratory system to pump oxygenated blood throughout the body, thus supplying the organs with nutrients. The circulatory system consists of the heart and blood vessels. The heart is a special muscle which constantly and automatically pumps blood through the blodo vessels. The blood vessels consist of arteries, arterioles (smaller arteries), capillaries, venules (small veins), and veins. Arteries carry blood away from the heart, whereas veins carry blood to the heart. Normally arteries carry oxygenated blood and the veins normally carry oxygen-poor blood, but this is not always the case, as with the pulmonary arteries and veins which carry blood back and forth between the heart and lungs. Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels and are where oxygen exchange between blood and organs takes place.

==Immune and Lymphatic==

==Skeletal==

Bones (206 in all); joints, tendons, and cartilage.

==Muscular==

==Digestive and Excretory==

*[[Mouth]]--digestion starts in the mouth, as that is where the food is first broken down
*[[Esophagus]]--carries food and fluids from mouth to stomach
*[[Stomach]]--digests food
*[[Small intestine]]--allows fluids and nutrients to be absorbed into the system, by means of [[villi]]
*[[Cecum]] or caecum--absorbs more fluid into the system
*[[Colon]] or large intestine--concentrates waste for elimination
*[[Rectum]]--expels waste from the body

==Endocrine==

Glands including the [[thyroid]], [[pituitary]], [[pineal]], [[gonads]], [[thymus]], [[pancreas]], and [[adrenals]]. They produce [[hormones]] to facilitate metabolic, reproductive, and circadian cycles.

==Respiratory==

Consists of the lungs, bronchi, trachea (windpipe), larynx (voice box), epiglottis, nose, and sinuses.

==Reproductive==

The reproductive system facilitates procreation, and is closely associated with the endocrine system.

*'''Female reproductive organs'''
*[[Uterus]]--Carries the [[fetus]] during [[gestation]]
*[[Ovaries]]--Produce [[ova]]; also produce [[hormone]]s and thus are also classified as endocrine organs. Homologous to the [[testicles]] in the male.
*[[Fallopian tube]]s--Conducts the [[ovum]] from the ovary to the uterus, by means of [[cilia]].

*'''Male reproductive organs'''
*[[Testicle]]s--Produce [[spermatozoa]]; also produce [[hormone]]s and thus are also classified as endocrine organs. Homologous to the [[ovaries]] in the female.
*[[Prostate]]--Produces fluids to supply nutrients to the spermatozoa; also closes the bladder.
*[[Bulbourethral gland]]--An [[exocrine]] gland that produces mucus to lubricate the ducts of the reproductive system.

Each male reproductive organ is [[homologous]], or directly corresponding, to a particular female reproductive organ.

==Nervous/Sensory==

*Nervous system: brain, nerves, nerve endings, and spinal cord

*Sensory organs: optical (eyes and optic nerve), olfactory (nose, sinuses, olfactory bulb), gustative (taste buds), and auditory (ears, ossicles, eustachian tubes)

==Integumentary==

Consists of the skin and its glands (eccrine, apocrine, and sebaceous), and the hair follicles. The female [[mammary gland]] is also often considered part of the integumentary system, because it is structurally a modified form of the eccrine gland.

==Urinary==

*[[Kidney]]s--filter selected compounds such as urea from the blood, generating urine in the process

*[[Ureter]]s--carry off urine, draining the kidneys

*[[Bladder]]--contractable organ that stores urine; its wall is composed of muscle which expands to allow room for urine, or contracts to expel it from the body ([[micturition]])

*[[Urethra]]--passageway through which urine exits the bladder during urination

==References==

<references/>

[[Category:Life Sciences]]

Physiology

2008-08-09T15:58:10Z

CogitoErgoSum: /* Integumentary */

Physiology is the study of how living organisms function

==Organ systems==

In physiology the various organs are grouped into systems based on their function. This makes it easier to understand how an organism works. More and more, however, we learn that the organs interface with one another in ways outside of the classic definitions of the systems. For example, the kidneys, generally thought of as being in the urinary system, are involved in producing hormones (endocrine system) that regulate blood pressure (circulatory system). The systems are: Circulatory, Immune/Lymphatic, Skeletal, Muscular, Digestive/Excretory, Endocrine, Respiratory, Reproductive, Nervous/Sensory, Integumentary, and Urinary. Not every physician or scientist uses the same groupings. For example, skeletal and muscular may be together, as the musculoskeletal system, and the reproductive and urinary system may be together, as the genitourinary system.

==Circulatory==

The circulatory system interface with the respiratory system to pump oxygenated blood throughout the body, thus supplying the organs with nutrients. The circulatory system consists of the heart and blood vessels. The heart is a special muscle which constantly and automatically pumps blood through the blodo vessels. The blood vessels consist of arteries, arterioles (smaller arteries), capillaries, venules (small veins), and veins. Arteries carry blood away from the heart, whereas veins carry blood to the heart. Normally arteries carry oxygenated blood and the veins normally carry oxygen-poor blood, but this is not always the case, as with the pulmonary arteries and veins which carry blood back and forth between the heart and lungs. Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels and are where oxygen exchange between blood and organs takes place.

==Immune and Lymphatic==

==Skeletal==

Bones (206 in all); joints, tendons, and cartilage.

==Muscular==

==Digestive and Excretory==

*[[Mouth]]--digestion starts in the mouth, as that is where the food is first broken down
*[[Esophagus]]--carries food and fluids from mouth to stomach
*[[Stomach]]--digests food
*[[Small intestine]]--allows fluids and nutrients to be absorbed into the system, by means of [[villi]]
*[[Cecum]] or caecum--absorbs more fluid into the system
*[[Colon]] or large intestine--concentrates waste for elimination
*[[Rectum]]--expels waste from the body

==Endocrine==

Glands including the [[thyroid]], [[pituitary]], [[pineal]], [[gonads]], [[thymus]], [[pancreas]], and [[adrenals]]. They produce [[hormones]] to facilitate metabolic, reproductive, and circadian cycles.

==Respiratory==

==Reproductive==

The reproductive system facilitates procreation, and is closely associated with the endocrine system.

*'''Female reproductive organs'''
*[[Uterus]]--Carries the [[fetus]] during [[gestation]]
*[[Ovaries]]--Produce [[ova]]; also produce [[hormone]]s and thus are also classified as endocrine organs. Homologous to the [[testicles]] in the male.
*[[Fallopian tube]]s--Conducts the [[ovum]] from the ovary to the uterus, by means of [[cilia]].

*'''Male reproductive organs'''
*[[Testicle]]s--Produce [[spermatozoa]]; also produce [[hormone]]s and thus are also classified as endocrine organs. Homologous to the [[ovaries]] in the female.
*[[Prostate]]--Produces fluids to supply nutrients to the spermatozoa; also closes the bladder.
*[[Bulbourethral gland]]--An [[exocrine]] gland that produces mucus to lubricate the ducts of the reproductive system.

Each male reproductive organ is [[homologous]], or directly corresponding, to a particular female reproductive organ.

==Nervous/Sensory==

*Nervous system: brain, nerves, nerve endings, and spinal cord

*Sensory organs: optical (eyes and optic nerve), olfactory (nose, sinuses, olfactory bulb), gustative (taste buds), and auditory (ears, ossicles, eustachian tubes)

==Integumentary==

Consists of the skin and its glands (eccrine, apocrine, and sebaceous), and the hair follicles. The female [[mammary gland]] is also often considered part of the integumentary system, because it is structurally a modified form of the eccrine gland.

==Urinary==

*[[Kidney]]s--filter selected compounds such as urea from the blood, generating urine in the process

*[[Ureter]]s--carry off urine, draining the kidneys

*[[Bladder]]--contractable organ that stores urine; its wall is composed of muscle which expands to allow room for urine, or contracts to expel it from the body ([[micturition]])

*[[Urethra]]--passageway through which urine exits the bladder during urination

==References==

<references/>

[[Category:Life Sciences]]

Physiology

2008-08-09T15:55:08Z

CogitoErgoSum: /* Reproductive */

Physiology is the study of how living organisms function

==Organ systems==

In physiology the various organs are grouped into systems based on their function. This makes it easier to understand how an organism works. More and more, however, we learn that the organs interface with one another in ways outside of the classic definitions of the systems. For example, the kidneys, generally thought of as being in the urinary system, are involved in producing hormones (endocrine system) that regulate blood pressure (circulatory system). The systems are: Circulatory, Immune/Lymphatic, Skeletal, Muscular, Digestive/Excretory, Endocrine, Respiratory, Reproductive, Nervous/Sensory, Integumentary, and Urinary. Not every physician or scientist uses the same groupings. For example, skeletal and muscular may be together, as the musculoskeletal system, and the reproductive and urinary system may be together, as the genitourinary system.

==Circulatory==

The circulatory system interface with the respiratory system to pump oxygenated blood throughout the body, thus supplying the organs with nutrients. The circulatory system consists of the heart and blood vessels. The heart is a special muscle which constantly and automatically pumps blood through the blodo vessels. The blood vessels consist of arteries, arterioles (smaller arteries), capillaries, venules (small veins), and veins. Arteries carry blood away from the heart, whereas veins carry blood to the heart. Normally arteries carry oxygenated blood and the veins normally carry oxygen-poor blood, but this is not always the case, as with the pulmonary arteries and veins which carry blood back and forth between the heart and lungs. Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels and are where oxygen exchange between blood and organs takes place.

==Immune and Lymphatic==

==Skeletal==

Bones (206 in all); joints, tendons, and cartilage.

==Muscular==

==Digestive and Excretory==

*[[Mouth]]--digestion starts in the mouth, as that is where the food is first broken down
*[[Esophagus]]--carries food and fluids from mouth to stomach
*[[Stomach]]--digests food
*[[Small intestine]]--allows fluids and nutrients to be absorbed into the system, by means of [[villi]]
*[[Cecum]] or caecum--absorbs more fluid into the system
*[[Colon]] or large intestine--concentrates waste for elimination
*[[Rectum]]--expels waste from the body

==Endocrine==

Glands including the [[thyroid]], [[pituitary]], [[pineal]], [[gonads]], [[thymus]], [[pancreas]], and [[adrenals]]. They produce [[hormones]] to facilitate metabolic, reproductive, and circadian cycles.

==Respiratory==

==Reproductive==

The reproductive system facilitates procreation, and is closely associated with the endocrine system.

*'''Female reproductive organs'''
*[[Uterus]]--Carries the [[fetus]] during [[gestation]]
*[[Ovaries]]--Produce [[ova]]; also produce [[hormone]]s and thus are also classified as endocrine organs. Homologous to the [[testicles]] in the male.
*[[Fallopian tube]]s--Conducts the [[ovum]] from the ovary to the uterus, by means of [[cilia]].

*'''Male reproductive organs'''
*[[Testicle]]s--Produce [[spermatozoa]]; also produce [[hormone]]s and thus are also classified as endocrine organs. Homologous to the [[ovaries]] in the female.
*[[Prostate]]--Produces fluids to supply nutrients to the spermatozoa; also closes the bladder.
*[[Bulbourethral gland]]--An [[exocrine]] gland that produces mucus to lubricate the ducts of the reproductive system.

Each male reproductive organ is [[homologous]], or directly corresponding, to a particular female reproductive organ.

==Nervous/Sensory==

*Nervous system: brain, nerves, nerve endings, and spinal cord

*Sensory organs: optical (eyes and optic nerve), olfactory (nose, sinuses, olfactory bulb), gustative (taste buds), and auditory (ears, ossicles, eustachian tubes)

==Integumentary==

==Urinary==

*[[Kidney]]s--filter selected compounds such as urea from the blood, generating urine in the process

*[[Ureter]]s--carry off urine, draining the kidneys

*[[Bladder]]--contractable organ that stores urine; its wall is composed of muscle which expands to allow room for urine, or contracts to expel it from the body ([[micturition]])

*[[Urethra]]--passageway through which urine exits the bladder during urination

==References==

<references/>

[[Category:Life Sciences]]

User:CogitoErgoSum

2008-08-09T15:48:22Z

CogitoErgoSum:

{{User Christian1}}
 

{{User BibleStudy}}
 

{{User nowar}}

User:CogitoErgoSum

2008-08-09T15:47:58Z

CogitoErgoSum:

{{User Christian1}}
 
{{User BibleStudy}}
 
{{User nowar}}

User:CogitoErgoSum

2008-08-09T15:47:16Z

CogitoErgoSum:

{{User Christian1}}
 
{{User BibleStudy}}
 
{{User nowar}}

User:CogitoErgoSum

2008-08-09T15:46:13Z

CogitoErgoSum:

{{User Christian1}}

{{User BibleStudy}}

{{User nowar}}

User talk:CogitoErgoSum

2008-08-09T15:43:46Z

CogitoErgoSum: /* Your Userpage */

User:CogitoErgoSum

2008-08-07T15:17:43Z

CogitoErgoSum:

User:CogitoErgoSum

2008-08-07T15:17:12Z

CogitoErgoSum:

User:CogitoErgoSum

2008-08-07T15:12:58Z

CogitoErgoSum:

User:CogitoErgoSum

2008-08-07T15:12:28Z

CogitoErgoSum: New page: {{UB|Christian1}}

Gender differences

2008-08-07T14:54:50Z

CogitoErgoSum: /* Social engineering */

'''Gender differences''' between men and women have been described throughout history. Many languages have adjectives to describe attributes thought of as characteristic to men ("masculine") or women ("feminine"). Not only are their physical bodies different, but there are significant character differences as well. This makes sense, because God made men and women "in his image" (Genesis 1:27) so as to reflect his divine nature. (Romans 1:20)

Although there are social variations apparent in different nations and times in history, broadly speaking it is possible to list traits which define [[masculinity]] and [[femininity]].

La Griffe du Lion writes:

:Men and women exhibit other behavioral differences which are apparent almost from birth. To some extent they mirror sex-differentiated behavior in animals. Boys are more aggressive, girls more nurturing. Female babies react more to facial expressions, males to moving objects. By adolescence these behaviors have morphed into girls' interest in social relationships, and boys' interest in machines and devices. Obviously, such divergence of interests influences career choices. Girls lean more toward fields like psychology, while similarly talented men incline toward engineering or physical science. <ref> [http://www.lagriffedulion.f2s.com/math.htm Sex Differences in Mathematical Aptitude] </ref>

==Social implications of views on gender differences==

The view that masculinity and femininity are inherent (God-given) traits is disputed by [[feminist]]s and some other social activists (see [[Homosexual agenda]]). Christian egalitarians consider gender differences innate, but classify them as part of the fallen nature, rather than part of the original creation by God.

Feminists have often claimed that gender differences are not innate, let alone God-given. They do this to bolster their argument that men and women should be treated equally in society. They want women to have all the advantages and opportunities that men have, and vice versa.

In a well known example in 2006, the President Lawrence Summers of Harvard University was forced to recant remarks he had made about the percentage of women in mathematics. Summers had suggested (in a private meeting) that the lopsided proportion might not be due to prejudice or discrimination, but a simple factor such as personal inclination or aptitude. <ref> [http://www.boston.com/news/local/articles/2005/01/17/summers_remarks_on_women_draw_fire/ Summers' remarks on women draw fire - The Boston Globe] </ref>

==Relevant political issues==

Denial of gender differences is part of the justification for the [[liberal]] position on issues including:

*[[homosexuality]] - Some homosexual activists assert that if men and women are equivalent, then man-woman and man-man unions are likewise equally valid relationships. However, Christian egalitarians (such as the [[Council for Biblical Equality]]) maintain that it is possible to believe in full gender equality while still condemning homosexuality as immoral. Equality does not necessarily imply interchangeability (see [[Complementarity without hierarchy]]).
*[[Women in combat]]
*[[Education]] - For men and women to ever be educated differently or seperately would be considered discriminatory.
*Employment - Women who refuse to undergo higher education and establish a career before having a family are considered by [[feminists]] to be victims of male domination.
*Transgenderism - To liberals all genders are one, even to the point that some advocate mixed-gender washrooms and changing rooms. (Note, however, that unisex facilities of this type are also sometimes built for other reasons, such as to save the developer the expense of building two restrooms.)

==Notes==
{{reflist|2}}

[[Category:Sociology]]

Gender differences

2008-08-07T14:46:19Z

CogitoErgoSum: /* Relevant political issues */

'''Gender differences''' between men and women have been described throughout history. Many languages have adjectives to describe attributes thought of as characteristic to men ("masculine") or women ("feminine"). Not only are their physical bodies different, but there are significant character differences as well. This makes sense, because God made men and women "in his image" (Genesis 1:27) so as to reflect his divine nature. (Romans 1:20)

Although there are social variations apparent in different nations and times in history, broadly speaking it is possible to list traits which define [[masculinity]] and [[femininity]].

La Griffe du Lion writes:

:Men and women exhibit other behavioral differences which are apparent almost from birth. To some extent they mirror sex-differentiated behavior in animals. Boys are more aggressive, girls more nurturing. Female babies react more to facial expressions, males to moving objects. By adolescence these behaviors have morphed into girls' interest in social relationships, and boys' interest in machines and devices. Obviously, such divergence of interests influences career choices. Girls lean more toward fields like psychology, while similarly talented men incline toward engineering or physical science. <ref> [http://www.lagriffedulion.f2s.com/math.htm Sex Differences in Mathematical Aptitude] </ref>

==Social engineering==

However, the view that masculinity and femininity are inherent (God-given) traits is disputed by [[feminist]]s and some other social activists (see [[Homosexual agenda]]).

Radical Feminists have often claimed that gender differences are not innate, let alone God-given. They do this to bolster their argument that men and women should be treated equally in society. They want women to have all the advantages and opportunities that men have.

The problem with the feminist view (or agenda) is that it assumes the truth of its own dogma. It simply asserts that gender differences are a [[social construct]], but without supplying any proof of this. Worse, they refuse to consider any evidence in favor of innate differences.

In a well known example in 2006, the President Lawrence Summers of Harvard University was forced to recant remarks he had made about the percentage of women in mathematics. Summers had suggested (in a private meeting) that the lopsided proportion might not be due to prejudice or discrimination, but a simply factor such as personal inclination or aptitude. <ref> [http://www.boston.com/news/local/articles/2005/01/17/summers_remarks_on_women_draw_fire/ Summers' remarks on women draw fire - The Boston Globe] </ref>

==Relevant political issues==

Denial of gender differences is part of the justification for the [[liberal]] position on issues including:

*[[homosexuality]] - Some homosexual activists assert that if men and women are equivalent, then man-woman and man-man unions are likewise equally valid relationships. However, Christian egalitarians (such as the [[Council for Biblical Equality]]) maintain that it is possible to believe in full gender equality while still condemning homosexuality as immoral. Equality does not necessarily imply interchangeability (see [[Complementarity without hierarchy]]).
*[[Women in combat]]
*[[Education]] - For men and women to ever be educated differently or seperately would be considered discriminatory.
*Employment - Women who refuse to undergo higher education and establish a career before having a family are considered by [[feminists]] to be victims of male domination.
*Transgenderism - To liberals all genders are one, even to the point that some advocate mixed-gender washrooms and changing rooms. (Note, however, that unisex facilities of this type are also sometimes built for other reasons, such as to save the developer the expense of building two restrooms.)

==Notes==
{{reflist|2}}

[[Category:Sociology]]