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Saint Peter

2026-07-04T06:37:09Z

Cazle:

[[File:Saint Peter.jpg|thumbnail|right|250px|Saint Peter. Painting: Peter Paul Rubens]]

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!colspan="2" style="background:yellow;text-align:center"|'''<big>Apostle Peter</big>'''
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|First in the [[Roman Catholic]] line of [[Apostolic succession]] Matthew 16:13-19 Matthew 18:15-19 Papacy Began: A.D. 33
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|Papacy Ended: 67
Successor: [[Pope Linus|Saint Linus]]
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|}[[Image:Basilica SP.jpg|right|thumb|The basilica's dome by Michelangelo is the largest dome in the world.]]
'''Peter''' (Saint Peter in [[Roman Catholic]] and [[Orthodox Church|Orthodox]] traditions), Prince of the [[Apostle]]s, born Simon ([[Book of Acts|Acts]] 15:14; 2 Peter 1:1), in Bethsaida ([[Gospel of John|John]] 1:42, 44), a town on Lake Genesareth, [[Galilee]], (Now [[Israel]]). Son of Jonah, he became a disciple of [[Jesus]] c. 30 AD. St. Peter and his brother, [[Andrew]] were fishermen.

Peter demonstrated his [[faith]] in Matthew 14:28-29; 16:13-19; Luke 22:31-32. Peter by faith was able to walk on waters.<ref>Undertaken by him despite his likely inability to swim. Traditionally fishermen did not learn how to swim.</ref> He recognized that Jesus was the Christ. Jesus himself prayed for him, that Peter's faith never fail. When Jesus was seized for the [[Passion]], Peter drew his sword amid armed Roman soldiers and struck one in order to protect Jesus. By tradition, when Peter was crucified he insisted on greater suffering by being crucified upside-down, in respect for Jesus's [[Crucifixion]] and a stunning example of [[chivalry]].

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''“Come with me, and I will make you fishers of men.”'' Jesus calling him and his brother Andrew to be disciples.
''“But what about you?” he<ref>[[Christ]], Our Lord.</ref> asked. “Who do you say I am?” Simon Peter answered, “You are the Messiah, the Son of the living God.” Jesus answered and said to him, “Blessed are you, Simon Bar-Jonah, for flesh and blood has not revealed this to you, but My Father who is in heaven. And I also say to you that you are Peter, and on this [[Rock (theonym)|rock]]<ref>[[Rock]], fourth entry.</ref> I will build My church, and the gates of Hades shall not prevail against it. And I will give you the keys of the kingdom of heaven, and whatever you bind on earth will be bound in heaven, and whatever you loose on earth will be loosed in heaven.”'' ([[Gospel of Matthew|Matthew]] 16:15-20).

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On many occasions, St. Peter speaks for the other [[Apostles]] “We here have left everything to become your followers”, (Matthew 19:27). After the [[resurrection]] of [[Christ]] he became the leader of the Christian community in Jerusalem. Christ gave Peter a special command to “feed my sheep.” (John 21:15-17).

St. Peter taught in [[Jerusalem]], [[Palestine]] and [[Samaria]]. He preached also in Lydda, Joppa and Caesarea; afterward, he went to Asia Minor and lived in [[Corinth]]. For the last part of his life St. Peter stayed in [[Rome]].

St. Peter was crucified in Rome (67 A.D.) but, out of his respect for [[Jesus]], St. Peter requested and obtained an upside-down crucifixion, with his agonizingly pointed downwards at Rome (67 A.D.). The brutal, anti-Christian Nero was the Roman Emperor at the time. This was recorded by the historian [[Origen]]. Peter's remains were placed at a magnificent basilica erected at the foot of the [[Vatican]] Hill.

Peter's life and legacy was marked by an internal battle between faith and reoccurring internal lacking of moral courage. Even after the crucifixion of Jesus, whom he denied three times<ref>[https://biblehub.com/parallelgospels/Peter_Denies_Jesus_Three_Times.htm 168. Peter Denies Jesus Three Times]. ''Bible Hub''. Retrieved December 25, 2022.</ref> and the sin of which (attributable to lacking moral courage) he repented from, Peter made grave errors which were harshly rebuked by the Apostle [[Paul]]; in [https://www.esv.org/Galatians+2/ Galatians 2:11–14], Peter acted hypocritically between his behavior among Gentiles and Jewish leaders, causing others to follow the immoral example; Paul, himself a Pharisee, scathingly responded: "If you, though a Jew, live like a Gentile and not like a Jew, how can you force the Gentiles to live like Jews?"

==Life==
'''Peter''' was one of [[Jesus]]' twelve disciples.

Peter was son of Jona (or Jonah),<ref>Matt 16:17 http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew%2016:17;&version=31;</ref> and his mother's name was never mentioned in the bible. His brother was [[Andrew]], another of Jesus' twelve disciples. Peter's name used to be Simon (or Simeon) but one day Andrew brought Peter to Jesus <ref>John 1:41 http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John%201:41;&version=31;</ref> and there Jesus appointed him his new name. "Thou shalt be called Cephas," an Aramaic surname whose Greek synonym is Petros, or Peter, meaning "a rock" or "stone." <ref>http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John%201:42;&version=31;</ref>

Simon Peter was married as can be inferred from [[Gospel of Luke|Luke]] 4:38, when Peter's mother-in-law is taken with a great fever, and Jesus heals her. As with most of the Disciples, very little is known about his personal life as they wanted the focus to be on Jesus and his ministry.

Peter lived in Bethsaida, along the western coast of the [[Sea of Galilee]]. [[Philip]], another of Jesus' twelve, also lived there. Brought up here, Peter was trained to be a fisher. He and Andrew were also taught throughout their lives the upcoming prophecy of the [[Messiah]] and studied the scriptures. Later in his life, he lived in Capernaum, where his mother and Andrew lived with him.<ref>"http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Mark%201:29;&version=31;"</ref> Peter was also married,<ref>"http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew%208:14;&version=31;"</ref> and his wife most likely accompanied him on his travels.<ref>http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1%20Corinthians%209:5;&version=31;</ref>

Saint [[Jerome]] relates: "Simon Peter the son of John, from the village of Bethsaida in the province of Galilee, brother of Andrew the apostle, and himself chief of the apostles, after having been bishop of the church of Antioch and having preached to the Dispersion — the believers in circumcision, in Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia and Bithynia — pushed on to Rome in the second year of Claudius to overthrow Simon Magus, and held the sacerdotal chair there for twenty-five years until the last, that is the fourteenth, year of Nero. At his hands he received the crown of martyrdom being nailed to the cross with his head towards the ground and his feet raised on high, asserting that he was unworthy to be crucified in the same manner as his Lord. He wrote two epistles which are called Catholic, the second of which, on account of its difference from the first in style, is considered by many not to be by him. Then too the Gospel according to Mark, who was his disciple and interpreter, is ascribed to him. On the other hand, the books, of which one is entitled his Acts, another his Gospel, a third his Preaching, a fourth his Revelation, a fifth his Judgment are rejected as apocryphal."Buried at Rome in the Vatican near the triumphal way he is venerated by the whole world." <ref>De Viris Illustribus, #1, on Saint Peter. https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/2708.htm</ref> The second year of Claudius is 42 A.D. and the 14th year of Nero is 67 A.D. St. Peter's 25 year reign as Bishop of Rome was therefore from 42-67 A.D.

St. Peter there died in [[Rome]] around 67 A.D. as a [[martyr]] for Christ. Our Lord Jesus had predicted the violent death Peter would die<ref>"http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John%2021:18,19;&version=31;"</ref> and just as the Lord had said, this happened to St. Peter several years later. His crucifixion in Rome is the Lord's Prophesy coming true. At the [[crucifixion]], St.Peter asked to be crucified upside down, believing he didn't deserve to die the same way Christ his Savior had died. The Roman [[Catholic Church]] identifies him as their first [[Pope]].

Successor: [[Pope Linus|Saint Linus]].

== Epistles ==
[[File:Open-bible.jpg|thumb|350px|right|The [[Bible]] is the best-selling book of all time.<ref>[https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/best-selling-book-of-non-fiction The Bible is the best selling book of all time], Guinness Book of Word Record</ref>
 
 
Between 5 to 7 billion Bibles have been published. ]]
Saint Peter wrote the epistles of [[I Peter]] and [[II Peter]] in the [[New Testament]].

=== 1 Peter ===

*[[I Peter]]

=== 2 Peter ===

*[[II Peter]]

==''Ecclesiastical History''==
[[Eusebius]] mentions Saint Peter in his work, ''Ecclesiastical History'', the first historical account of the [[Christianity|Christian Church]] to the time of [[Constantine]]''':'''{{quotation|Book II, Chapter XIV The Preaching of '''Peter''' in the City of Rome 

SUCH was the wickedness of which that mialignant power, the enemy of all good, and the waylayer of human salvation, constituted [[Simon Magus|Simon]] the father and author at this time, as if with a view to make him a great and powerful antagonist to the divine purposes of our Saviour and his apostles. Nevertheless, that divine and celestial grace which co-operates with its servants, by their appearance and presence, soon extinguished the flame that had been kindled by the wicked one, humbling and casting down through them “ every height that elevated itself against the knowledge of God.” Wherefore, neither the conspiriacy of Simon, nor that of any other one then existing, was able to effect any thing against those apostolic times. For the declaration of the truth prevailed and overpowered all, and the divine word itself, now shining from heaven upon men, and flourishing upon earth, and dwelling with his apostles, prevailed and overpowered every opposition. Immediately the aforesaid imposter being smitten, as to his mental eye, by a divine and supernatural brilliancy, as when, on a former occasion in Judea, he was convicted of his wickedness by the apostle '''Peter''', he undertook a great journey from the east across the sea, and fled to the west, thinking that this was the only way for him to live according to his mind. Entering the city of Rome, by the co-operation of that malignant spirit which had fixed its seat there, his attempts were soon so far successful, as to be honoured as a god, with the erection of a statue by the inhabitants of that city. This, however, did not continue long ; for immediately under the reign of [[Claudius]], by the benign and gracious providence of God, '''Peter''', that powerful and great apostle, who by his courage took the lead of all the rest, was conducted to Rome against this pest of mankind. He, like a noble commander of God, fortified with divine armour, bore the precious merchandise of the revealed light from the east to those in the west, announcing the light itself, and salutary doctrine of the soul, the proclamation of the kingdom of God. 

Chapter XV The Gospel According to Mark 

THE divine word having thus been extablished among the Romans, the power of Simon was soon extinguished and destroyed together with the man.1 <ref>Crusé, Valesius, ''footnote'' 1 Book II, Chapter XV The Gospel According to [[Mark]] (p. 52)— " 1 From these words of Eusebius it is concluded that the death of Simon Magus happened at Rome in the time of Claudius, for Eusebius writeth that '''Peter''' came to Rome in Claudius's reign, and that presently after, Simon's [[magic]]ical arts were by his coming destroyed together with the author. Though there be others that say Simon was destroyed in Nero's reign. Vales. "</ref> So greatly, however, did the splendor of [[piety]] enlighten the minds of '''Peter'''’s hearers, that it was not sufficient to hear but one, nor to receive the unwritten doctrines of the gospel of God, but they persevered in every variety of entreaties, to solicit Mark as the companion of '''Peter''', and whose Gospel we have, that he should leave them a monument of the doctrine thus orally communicated, in writing. Nor did they cease their solicitations until they had prevailed with the man, and thus become the means of that history which is called the Gospel according to Mark. They say also, that the apostle ('''Peter''',) having ascertained what was done by the revelation of the Spirit, was delighted with the zealous ardour expressed by these men, and that the history obtained his authority for the purpose of being read in the Churches. This account is given by [[Pope Clement|Clement]], in the sixth book of his Institutions, whose testimony is corroborated also by that of Papias, bishop of Hierapolis. But '''Peter''' makes mention of Mark in the first epistle, which he is also said to have composed at the same city of Rome, and that he shows this he shows this fact, by calling the city by an unusual trope, Babylon ; thus, “ The church at Babylon, elected together with you, saluteth you, as also my son [[Mark|Marcus]].” I Pet. v. 13. 

Book II, Chapter XXV The Persecution Under Nero, in Which Paul and '''Peter''' Were Honoured with Martyrdom in the Cause of Religion at Rome 

BUT Nero now having the government firmly established under him, and henceforth plunging into nefarious projects, began to take up arms against that very religion which acknowledges the one Supreme God. To describe, indeed, the greatness of this man's wickedness, is not compatible with our present object ; and as there are many that have given his history in the most accurate narratives, every one may, at his pleasure, in these contemplate the grossness of his extraordinary madness. Under the influence of this, he did not proceed to destroy so many thousands with any calculation, but with such indiscriminate murder as not even to refrain from his nearest and dearest friends. His own mother and wife, with many others that were his near relatives, he killed like strangers and enemies, with various kinds of deaths. And, indeed, in addition to all his other crimes, this too was yet wanting to complete the catalogue, that he was the first of the emperors that displayed himself an enemy of piety towards the Deity. This fact is recorded by the Roman Tertullian, in language like the following ''':''' “ Examine your records. There you will find that Nero was the first that persecuted this doctrine, particularly then when, after subduing all the East, he exercised his cruelty against all at Rome. Such is the man of whom we boast, as the leader in our punishment. For he that knows who he was, may know also that there could scarcely be any thing but what was great and good, condemned by Nero.” Thus Nero publicly announcing himself as the chief enemy of God, was led on in his fury to slaughter the apostles. Paul is therefore said to have been beheaded at Rome, and '''Peter''' to have been crucified under him. And this account is confirmed by the fact, that the names of '''Peter''' and Paul still remain in the cemeteries of that city even to this day. But likewise, a certain 1 <ref>Crusé, Valesius, ''footnote'' 1 Book II, Chapter XXV The Persecution Under Nero, in Which Paul and '''Peter''' Were Honoured with Martyrdom in the Cause of Religion at Rome (pp. 68-69)— " 1 The term “ ecclesiastical ” is used in three senses. Sometimes it is taken for a Christian, and opposed to a heathen, or Gentile. So [[Jerome]] in his preface to his book, De Scriptor. Ecclesias. Sometimes it denotes a catholic, and is opposed to a heretic. So Jerome also, in his preface to St. Matthew, and on chap. xiii. Ezekiel. So [[Origen]] also, tome 6, Explanat. on St. John's Gospel. Lastly, sometimes it signifies a [[clergy]]man, and is opposed to a laic, or [[secular]] person. So Jerome again, in his Epistle to Pammachius, and in his 46th Epist. to Rusticus. I would rather take this word in the second sense here, both because that signification of this word is more frequent, and also in regard Eusebius, speaking here of Gaius's book against Proclus, fives each of them his proper epithet ; he styles Caius “ an ecclesiastical man,” and Proclus he calls “ the defender of the opinion of the [[Montanism|Cataphrygians]],” i. e. a [[Heresy|heretic]]. The [[sect]] of the Cataphrygians was divided into two parts ; the ringleader of the one party was Proclus ; of the other, Æschynes. So Tertullian, in his book De Prescript. Hæret. Vales.</ref> ecclesiastical writer, Caius by name, who was born about the time of [[Pope Zephyrinus|Zephrynus, bishop of Rome]], disputing with Proclus, the leader of the Phrygian sect, gives the following statement respecting the places where the earthly tabernacles of the aforesaid apostles are laid. “ But I can show,” says he, “ the trophies of the apostles. For if you will go to the 2 <ref>Crusé, Valesius, ''footnote'' 2 Book II, Chapter XXV The Persecution Under Nero, in Which Paul and '''Peter''' Were Honoured with Martyrdom in the Cause of Religion at Rome (p. 69)— " 2 '''Peter''' was buried in the [[Vatican]] ; Paul in the Via Ostia. Vales. </ref> [[Vatican]], or to the Ostian road, you will find the trophies of those who have laid the foundation of this church. And that both suffered [[martyr]]dom about the same time, Dionysius, bishop of Corinth, bears the following testimony, in his discourse addressed to the Romans. ‘ Thus, likewise, you, by means of this admonition, have mingled the flourishing seed that had been planted by '''Peter''' and Paul at Rome and Corinth. For both of these having planted us at [[Corinth]], likewise instructed us ; and having in like manner taught in [[Italy]], they suffered martyrdom 3 <ref>Crusé, Valesius, ''footnote'' 3 Book II, Chapter XXV The Persecution Under Nero, in Which Paul and '''Peter''' Were Honoured with Martyrdom in the Cause of Religion at Rome (p. 69)— " 3 Dionysius does not expressly say that '''Peter''' and Paul suffered on the same day, but only at the same time; which may be so understood, as that there might be an interval of many days between their sufferings. Prudentius [''περί στεφάνων'') says they were both martyred on the same day, but not in the same year ; and that there was a year's space between their deaths. With Prudentius agrees [[Saint Augustine|Augustine]], in his 28th Sermon, De Sancta ; and Arator, lib. ii. Hist. Apost. But Simon Metaphrastes takes these words of Dionysius wo, as if he said that '''Peter''' and Paul were martyred on the same day together. His words are to be found in Comment. de Peregrinat. Pauli ac Petri, apud Surium, tome iii. Vales. </ref> about the same time.’ ” This testimony I have superadded, in order that the truth of the history might be still more confirmed. 

Book III, Chapter III Of the Epistles of the Apostles (pp. 71-72) 

AS to the writings of '''Peter''', one of his epistles called the first, is acknowledged as genuine. For this was anciently used by the [[Apostolic Fathers|ancient fathers]] in their writings, as an undoubted work of the apostle. But in that which is called the second,1 <ref>Crusé, Valesius, ''footnote'' 1 Book III, Chapter III Of the Epistles of the Apostles (p. 71) " 1 That this Second Epistle of St. '''Peter''' was not at first received in the church of Christ with so universal agreement and consent as the former, may be concluded from this passage in Eusebius. But notwithstanding, there are great and sure evidences of this Epistle being written by the acknowledged author of it ; as, '''1'''. The title of Simon '''Peter''', with the addition of “ an Apostle of Jesus Christ,” chap. i. I. '''2'''. There is a whole passage in this Epistle (chap. i. 16, 17) which doth signally belong to '''Peter''', that of having been on the holy mount with Christ, and hearing those words, “ This is my beloved Son,” &c., which certainly belongs to the [[transfiguration of Jesus]], Matt. xvii., where only '''Peter''' and James and John were present with Christ. '''3'''. This is said to be a Second Epistle (chap. iii. 1.), written much to the same purpose as the former. '''4'''. St. Jude, speaking (ver. 18) “ of the scoffers that should come,” &c. cites that prediction from “ the apostles of our Lord Jesus,” (ver. 17,) where it is reasonable to believe that this Epistle (chap. iii. 3) is referred to ; for in it those very words are met with, (and are not so in any other apostolic writing,) “ Knowing this first,” &c. Compare Jude 17 and 18 with 2 Pet. iii 3. All this in all copies stands unmoved to secure the authority of this Epistle, and to convince us of the author of it. See Dr. Hammond's preface to the Second Epistle of '''Peter'''. "</ref> we have not indeed understood it to be embodied with the sacred books, ''ενδιαθηκον'', yet as it appeared useful to many, it was studiously read with the other Scriptures. As to that works, however, which is ascribed to him, called “ The Acts,” and the “ Gospel according to '''Peter''',” and that called “ The Preaching and the Revelations of '''Peter''',” we know nothing of their being handed down as Catholic 1 <ref>Crusé, Valesius, ''footnote'' 1 Book III, Chapter III Of the Epistles of the Apostles (p. 72)— " 1 ''Catholic''. The word here plainly means universally received ; i. e. genuine, s it is happily rendered by Shorting. "</ref> writings. Since neither among the ancient nor the ecclesiastical writers of our own day, has there been one that has appealed to testimony taken from them. But as I proceed in my history, I shall carefully show with the successions of the apostles, what ecclesiastical writers in their times respectively made use of any of the disputed writings, and also what respecting those that were not of this description. These, however, are those that are called '''Peter'''’s epistles, of which I have understood only one epistle to be genuine, and admitted by the ancient fathers. '''...''' 

Book V, Chapter VIII The Statement of Irenæus Respecting the Sacred Scriptures 

SINCE we have promised in the outset of our work to give extracts occasionally when we refer to the declarations of the ancient presbyters and historians of the church, in which they have transmitted the traditions that have descended to us respecting the sacred Scriptures, among these Irenæus was one. Let us now give his words, and first of all what he has said of the holy Gospels ''':''' “ Matthew, indeed,” says he, “ produced his Gospel written among the Hebrews in their own dialect, whilst '''Peter''' and Paul proclaimed the gospel and founded the church at Rome. After the departure of these, Mark, the disciple and interpreter of '''Peter''', also transmitted to us in writing what had been preached by '''Peter'''. And Luke, the companion of Paul, committed to writing the Gospel preached by him, i. e. Paul. Afterwards John, the disciple of our Lord, the same that lay upon his bosom, also published the Gospel, whilst he was yet at [[Ephesus]] in [[Anatolia|Asia]].” This is what this author says in the third book of the work already mentioned ; and in the fifth, he thus descants on the Revelation of John and the calculation of [[antichrist]]'s name ''':''' “ As matters are thus, and the number is thus found in all the genuine and ancient copies, and as they who saw John attest, reason itself shows that the number of the name of the [[Beast of Revelation|beast]] is indicated by the [[Greek alphabet|Greek letters]] which it contains.” And a little further on he speaks of the same John ''':''' “ We, therefore,” says he, “ do not venture to affirm any thing with certainty respecting the name of antichrist. For were it necessary that his name should be clearly announced to the present age, it would have been declared by him who saw the Revelation. He also mentions the [[1 John|First Epistle of John]], extracting many testimonies from it ''':''' he alos mentions the [[1 Peter|First Epistle of '''Peter''']]. And he not only knew, but also admitted the book called [[The Shepherd of Hermas|Pastor]], in these words ''':''' “ Well is it said in that work which declares, ‘ First of all believe that there is one God, who created and arranged all things,’ ” &c. '''...''' 

Book VI, Chapter XII Serapion, and the Writings Ascribed to Him (p. 217) 

SERAPION, however, it is probable, has left many monuments of his application to learning, which are preserved by others ; but only those that are addressed to Domninus have come down to us. He was one of those that had fallen away from the faith, at the time of the persecution, and relapsed into Jewish superstition. Those epistles, also, that he addressed to Pontus and Caricus, ecclesiastical writers, and many others to others. There is also another work composed by him on the Gospel of '''Peter''', as it is called ; which, indeed, he wrote to refute the false assertions which it contains, and account of some in the church of Rhosse,2 <ref>Crusé, Valesius, ''footnote'' 2 Book VI, Chapter XII Serapion, and the Writings Ascribed to Him (p. 217)— " 2 Rhosse was a town of Cilicia. [[Plutarch]] calls it Orossus. "</ref> who by this work were led astray to perverted doctrines. From which it may be well to add some brief extracts, by which it may be seen what he thought of the book ''':—''' “ We, brethren,” say he, “ receive '''Peter''' and the other apostles as Christ himself. But those writings which falsely go under their name, as we are well acquainted with them, we reject, and know also, that we have not received such handed down to us. But when I came to you, I had supposed that all held to the true faith ; and as I had not perused the Gospel presented by them under the name of '''Peter''', I said, ‘ If this be the only thing that creates difference among you, let it be read ;’ but now having understood, from what was said to me, that their minds were enveloped in some heresy, I will make haste to come to you again ; therefore, brethren, expect me soon. But as we perceived what was the heresy of [[Marcion of Sinope|Marcianus]], we plainly saw that he ignorantly contradicted himself, which things you may learn from what has been written to you. For we have borrowed this Gospel from others, who have studied it, that is, from the successors of those who led the way before him, whom we call [[Docetism|Docetæ]] (for most opinions have sprung from this sect). and in this we have discovered many things, superadded to the sound faith of our Saviour ; some, also, attached that are foreign to it, and which we have also subjoined for your sake.” Thus far the works of Serapion.

Book VI, Chapter XXV His Review of the Collective Scriptures 

'''...''' These, then, are the books that [''Origen''] mentions in the book mentioned above. But in the first book of his Commentaries on the Gospel of Matthew, following the Ecclesiastical Canon, he attests that he knows of only four Gospels, as follows ''':''' “ As I have understood from tradition, respecting the four Gospels, which are the only undisputed ones in the whole church of God throughout the world. The first is written according to Matthew, the same that was once a publican, but afterwards an apostle of Jesus Christ, who having published it for the Jewish converts, wrote it in the Hebrew. The second is according to Mark, who composed it as '''Peter''' explained it to him, whom he acknowledges as his son in his general Epistle, saying, ‘ The elect church in Babylon salutes you. as also Mark my son.’ And the third, according to Luke, the Gospel commended by Paul, which was written for the converts from the Gentiles ; and last of all the Gospel according to John.” And in the fifth book of his Commentaries on John, the same author writes as follows ''':''' “ But he being well fitted to be a minister of the New Testament, Paul, I mean a minister not of the letter, but of the spirit ; who, after spreading the gospel from Jerusalem and the country around as far as [[Illyricum]], did not even write to all the churches to which he preached, but even to those to whom he wrote he only sent a few lines. But '''Peter''', upon whom the church of Christ is built, against which the gates of hell shall not prevail, has left one epistle undisputed. Suppose, also, the second was left by him, for on this there is some doubt. What shall we say of him who reclined upon the breast of Jesus, I mean John ? who has left one Gospel, in which he confesses that he could wwrite so many that the whole world could not contain them. He also wrote the [[Book of Revelation|Apocalypse]], commanded as he was, to conceal, and not to write the voices of the seven thunders. He has also left an epistle consisting of very few lines ; suppose, also, that a second and third is from him, for not all agree that they are genuine, but both together do not contain a hundred lines.” '''...''' 

—''quotations verbatim of'' Book II, Chapter XIV The Preaching of '''Peter''' in the City of Rome (p. 51), Chapter XV The Gospel According to Mark (pp. 52-53), Book II, Chapter XXV The Persecution Under Nero, in Which Paul and '''Peter''' Were Honoured with Martyrdom in the Cause of Religion at Rome (pp. 67-69), Book III, Chapter III Of the Epistles of the Apostles (pp. 71-72), Book V, Chapter VIII The Statement of Irenæus Respecting the Sacred Scriptures (pp. 175-176), Book VI, Chapter XXV His Review of the Collective Scriptures (p. 231), ''The Ecclesiastical History Of Eusebius Pamphilus: Bishop Of Caesarea, In Palestine'', Translated from the Greek, by The Rev. C. F. Crusé, Assistant Professor in the University of Pennsylvania. With notes from the Edition of Valesius. Published London: George Bell and Sons, York Street. Covent Garden 1874. London: Printed by William Clowes and Sons, Stamford Street and Charing Cross. —''In the public domain'' (boldface highlight added).}}

== In art and literature ==
[[Image:Gesupietrochiave.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Jesus presenting St Peter with the keys to Heaven (detail) (painting by [[Pietro Perugino]]).]]
In [[art]], St Peter is usually depicted as a white-haired, bearded man in a blue robe, often holding a key or keys, which refer to Matthew 16:19. Following on from this, many paintings and literary accounts of [[Heaven]] show him stationed at the gate. There are traditionally two keys, one gold and one silver, representing the two conditions necessary for [[salvation]]: the silver key represents repentance, which comes from the person concerned; and the gold key represents forgiveness, which comes from God.<ref>[http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/2964/homily-21sunday-a.html Two keys gold and silver]</ref>

In the ''[[Divine Comedy]]'', St Peter appears twice, playing two different symbolic roles. He first appears at the gate of [[Purgatory]], in his traditional capacity as gatekeeper of Heaven (since all who enter Purgatory will eventually make it to Paradise). His second appearance is in the eighth sphere of the [[Paradiso]], where he examines [[Dante]] on the [[virtue]] of [[faith]].

St Peter's feast day is the 29 June, which he shares with [[St Paul]]. These two saints are often depicted together, as the two foremost figures in the church immediately after Jesus' [[Ascension]].<ref>For example, the two sculptures at the end of the main aisle of the Basilica of St Paul Without the Walls in Rome.</ref>

== See also ==

*[[Roman Catholicism]]
*[[Lazarus (brother of Mary)]]
*[[The Twelve Apostles]]
*[[Garden of Gethsemane]]

== External links ==

*[https://overviewbible.com/apostle-peter/ Who Was the Apostle Peter? The Beginner’s Guide], OverviewBible.com
*[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11744a.htm St. Peter] Catholic Encyclopedia.
*[https://www.biblestudytools.com/bible-study/topical-studies/what-do-we-know-about-the-apostle-peter.html What Do We Know about the Apostle Peter?], BibleStudyTools.com
*[http://www.activitaly.it/inglese/monument/basilica_St_Peter_rome.htm The Basilica of St. Peter, Rome]

Videos:

*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WFdi65-UF30 Peter: From Fisherman To Disciple Of Jesus | In Pursuit of Peter: The Apostle - Episode 1], Our Daily Bread Ministries
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TaoJXgqRqMY Peter's Front Row Seat To Jesus' Ministry | In Pursuit of Peter: The Apostle | Episode 2], Our Daily Bread Ministries

==References==
<references/>

{{DEFAULTSORT:Peter, Saint}}

{{DivineComedy}}

[[Category:Popes]]
[[Category:12 Disciples]]
[[Category:Saints]]
[[Category:Martyrs]]

User talk:Cazle

2026-07-04T06:17:41Z

Cazle:

'''PLEASE DONT EDIT WAR ON MY TALK PAGE, THANK YOU'''

{{greeting
|username=DavidB4
|sig=
}}

If you have any questions or need anything, let me know! --[[User:DavidB4|DavidB4]] ([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]]) 18:38, 8 February 2021 (EST)
::Read the rules earlier, the other links are very helpful, thank you. [[User:Cazle|Cazle]] ([[User talk:Cazle|talk]]) 18:50, 8 February 2021 (EST)

== Thanks for catching the stubs that had to be deleted ==
[[File:Branches of Christianity.jpg|center|900px]]
{{Clear}}
Thanks for catching the stubs that had to be deleted. I deleted.

I see you belong to a Church of God church which is a pentecostal type church. I became a Christian through a charismatic Christian church, but now I attend a more [[high church]] Christian church that is not pentecostal/charismatic. It's not that my church is against it, it just doesn't come up. Sometime in the future, I will visit a charismatic/pentecostal church that believes in the trinity. I also plan on visiting churches outside the USA relatively soon.

I want to visit an Eastern Orthodox Church and an Oriental Orthodox Church (See the diagram above). I am also going to visit a friend's Catholic Church and may visit some Catholic Churches in Jerusalem/Israel. [[User:Conservative|Conservative]] ([[User talk:Conservative|talk]]) 20:48, February 18, 2024 (EST)
::No problem, and you're welcome. As to Church, I genuinely like my pastor and settled on this church after being to some really bad big churches (especially Methodist churches). This church is relatively small, but has a good mix of youth/elders and is active with a food bank and prayer. [[User:Cazle|Cazle]] ([[User talk:Cazle|talk]]) 20:58, February 18, 2024 (EST)

== Thank you for helping on gaming content ==

I put lots of work into many of the articles that I did, although slowly over the past few years, and it's nice seeing someone help out :) [[User:Patriotic Gamer|Patriotic Gamer]] ([[User talk:Patriotic Gamer|talk]]) 16:34, March 5, 2024 (EST)
::I have sentimental attachment to [[The Legend of Zelda: Link's Awakening|Link's Awakening]], due to it being a childhood gift from an uncle I no longer have any contact with (he had a very adamant, pagan, Vietnamese wife who wanted nothing to do with our family), and I have thought that the pages on videogames and matters related to them have needed updating for a bit now. [[User:Cazle|Cazle]] ([[User talk:Cazle|talk]]) 03:23, March 6, 2024 (EST)
:Are you guys two of the same one person? Just curious? [[User:RobSmith|RobS]][[User talk:RobSmith|''Zelensky didn't kill himself'']] 17:12, March 5, 2024 (EST)
::I don't understand the question, are you asking if we are the exact same person? No, we're not. If your question is if we are like-minded individuals, possibly, but I'd need to know more about [[User:Patriotic Gamer|Patriotic Gamer]] to confirm that. [[User:Cazle|Cazle]] ([[User talk:Cazle|talk]]) 03:23, March 6, 2024 (EST)
:::Oh, okay. Thanks. Not to worry. I'm just messing with you. Thanks. [[User:RobSmith|RobS]][[User talk:RobSmith|''Zelensky didn't kill himself'']] 03:47, March 6, 2024 (EST)
::::Nothing wrong with a bit of teasing. :P Anyway, ''Mario'' games are some of my favorites, if that falls under the terms of "like-minded," and some ''Mario'' enemies even appear in ''Link's Awakening''. [[User:Patriotic Gamer|Patriotic Gamer]] ([[User talk:Patriotic Gamer|talk]]) 07:25, March 6, 2024 (EST)
:::::I always thought that the Goombas, Chainchomps(Bow Wow), and piranha plants were a nice little Easter egg. I've played through the recent Mario Wonder and enjoyed it thoroughly. [[User:Cazle|Cazle]] ([[User talk:Cazle|talk]]) 22:35, March 6, 2024 (EST)
::::::I see it more as that they're Zelda enemies (to a lesser extent, of course) like Octorok, Darknut, Tektite, etc. [[User:Patriotic Gamer|Patriotic Gamer]] ([[User talk:Patriotic Gamer|talk]]) 17:07, March 7, 2024 (EST)

== Mint ==

Hello!

Random question--have you tried LMDE? I recently tried putting the latest build on an old machine just to try it, but I couldn't get it to boot. The system would POST, handoff to the OS, and immediately hang. I expect I can fix it, but just haven't invested the time. However, I'm curious whether that is a common issue with old intel gear, or just a one-off issue. --[[User:DavidB4|DavidB4]] ([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]]) 21:55, March 6, 2024 (EST)
::Unfortunately, I use the Ubuntu based version, and haven't gotten a chance to try LMDE yet. I think I'll wait until the next version releases and try it then. I have had problems similar to above with arch, but I gave up on finding solutions. (ReactOS also tends to do this, but that is expected of alpha software/firmware.) [[User:Cazle|Cazle]] ([[User talk:Cazle|talk]]) 22:29, March 6, 2024 (EST)
:I run a [[Dell]] "Frankenplex" 7010 (the factory power supply died and was discontinued so the corsair powering the thing sits outside the box on the desk behind the monitor) and haven't had any major issues with the OS, BIOS, or other hardware. [[User:Cazle|Cazle]] ([[User talk:Cazle|talk]]) 22:29, March 6, 2024 (EST)

:i. e. "'''I can't help you, sorry.'''" [[User:Cazle|Cazle]] ([[User talk:Cazle|talk]]) 22:29, March 6, 2024 (EST)

::Ah, alright. No problem. Those are the indeed the sorts of issues to expect with the likes of Arch and React. Strange in this case, but no problem.
::As for the Dell power supply...You can laugh, but I've done it too. Dell PSUs just don't last very well. My "daily driver" is deliberately not Dell, but I have a few lab/test units from them, more than one of which have the same PSU hack set up. I like the term Frankenplex...I may steal that. :) --[[User:DavidB4|DavidB4]] ([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]]) 23:43, March 6, 2024 (EST)
:::Alright, haha. [[User:Cazle|Cazle]] ([[User talk:Cazle|talk]]) 23:51, March 6, 2024 (EST)

== Please contact me via our communication channel ==

Cazle, please contact me via our communication channel. [[User:Conservative|Conservative]] ([[User talk:Conservative|talk]]) 16:09, March 24, 2024 (EDT)

== Greatest conservative songs ==

I saw this in the recent changes: [[Essay:Greatest Conservative Songs]].

You might want to look at these:

*[https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbjmSS6LZDGr9dY8nVLPyRBXJcYE9RvQz Okie from Muskogee]

*[https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLbjmSS6LZDGrkLkj0idTk8KqfU5amdws1 Patriotic American songs]

I hope this helps. [[User:Conservative|Conservative]] ([[User talk:Conservative|talk]]) 21:52, April 8, 2024 (EDT)

::I'm just trying to clean it up and keep the linking up to date. :) [[User:Cazle|Cazle]] ([[User talk:Cazle|talk]]) 21:57, April 8, 2024 (EDT)

User:Cazle/Essay:Texas military campaigns

2024-10-25T21:15:28Z

Cazle:

'''''The intention of this page is to document every battle fought by Texas men (and their outcomes, good or bad), starting with Gonzales, and the 14 day siege of the Alamo, and ending in present day. This page is not for documenting history about elections, political misbehavior, or legislative action. Nor shall other states', countries', or other entities' military power be mentioned, unless said power is in direct opposition to an Texan force.'''''

'''Feel Free''' to add or edit information that you believe is relevant, however be '''AWARE''' that I may '''CHANGE''' or '''REMOVE''' said info if it needs conciseness, correction, contradicts established facts, or is '''OBVIOUS''' vandalism.[[User:Cazle|Cazle]] ([[User talk:Cazle|talk]]) 23:54, 27 February 2021 (EST)

----

{| class="wikitable"
! width=200pt style="background:#B40404; color:white"| Name
! width=50pt style="background:#B40404; color:white"|
:Start_Date
:----
:End_Date
! width=600pt style="background:#B40404; color:white"| Reason for BATTLE
! width=400pt style="background:#B40404; color:white"|
:Execution
:&
:Outcome
|-
|[[Gonzales]]
|
10/01/1835
----
10/03/1835<ref>https://www.tsl.texas.gov/exhibits/presidents/jones/path.html</ref>
|Citizens of [[Gonzales]], Texas refused to surrender a cannon given to them in 1831 as defense against raiding parties. On September 27th, 1835, '''Commandant Domingo de Ugartechea''' ordered '''Commander Francisco de Castañeda''' and a hundred [[Dragoon]]s to retrieve the cannon. September 29th, Commander Castañeda reached the [[Guadalupe River]], where he and his men were blocked by [[Old Eighteen (Texas)| 18 Texans]] and could not cross due to high water. Castañeda declared that he had a dispatch for Acalde [[Andrew Ponton| Ponton]], but was told that Ponton was out of town. Castañeda forced to pitch camp.<ref>https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/gonzales-battle-of</ref>
|[[Coushatta Indian]] informs Castañeda that the Texan force had grown to at least 140 or more. October 1st, Castañeda pitches camp 7 miles up river on land owned by [[Ezekiel Williams]]. October 2nd, Texans attack, Castañeda orders "fall back". During reprieve, Castañeda engages in negotiations with Texan Commander [[John Henry Moore]], but they quickly deteriorate and fighting resumes.
----
Castañeda outnumbered, forced to withdraw to [[Bexar]]. Texas Victory.
:::::::°CASUALTIES°
'''Texas: DEAD 1 INJURED 0
'''Opponent:70+;DEAD 2 INJURED ?<ref>https://short-fact.com/how-many-mexicans-died-at-battle-of-gonzales/</ref><ref>https://library.uta.edu/borderland/event/286</ref>
|-
|-
|[[Goliad|La Bahía (Goliad)]]
|
10/09/1835<ref>Left Panel; https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=213076</ref>
----
10/10/1835<ref>Hardin, Stephen L. (1994). ''Texian Iliad – A Military History of the Texas Revolution''. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press, page 16.</ref>
|'''General Martín Perfecto de Cos''' leaves Goliad for Bexar on October 5th, 1835, leaving Goliad defended by twenty-seven men under the command of '''Lieutenant Colonel Francisco Sandoval''' and '''Captain Manuel Sabriego''', with another garrison at [[Fort Lipantitlán]] under command of '''Captain Nicolás Rodríguez'''. After failing to recruit men to intercept Cos on his way to Bexar, [[John J. Linn of Guadalupe Victoria]] and Alcalde [[Plácido Benavides]] join [[Ben Fort Smith]], [[William H. Jack]] and their fifty men in Gonzalez on October 9th. The men set march for [[Guadalupe Victoria]] and were joined by Captain [[George M. Collinsworth]]'s forty men. There, forty-nine of the approximately one-hundred-and-twenty-or-so men signed the [[Compact of Volunteers]]<ref>https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/goliad-campaign-of-1835</ref>, signalling their intention to "take up the line of March for Goliad ... in order to ... give the population of that town protection against military domination ... [and to] stand firm to the Republican institutions of the Government of Mexico and of Coahuila and Texas under the constitution of 1824."<ref>https://www.usgenwebsites.org/TXMatagorda/txrev_matagorda_pledge.htm</ref> The men marched and reached the Presidio La Bahía at Goliad at approximately eleven hours past noon that day.
|The Goliad Garrison went under assault at night, and the battle took about thirty minutes before the entire presidio was captured.
----
Twenty Mexican soldiers escaped to warn Copano and Refugio garrisons, which regrouped at Fort Lipantitlán. Sandoval and Sabriego captured and taken prisoner.
:::::::°CASUALTIES°
'''Texas: DEAD 0 INJURED 3-5 (several)
'''Opponent: DEAD 3<ref>https://library.uta.edu/borderland/event/287</ref> INJURED 7 & 21 CAPTURED
|-
|-
|
''MINOR SKIRMISHES OCT 11 - 27''
|-
|-
|[[Concepcion]]
|
10/28/1835
----
10/28/1835
|[[Stephen F. Austin]] ordered [[Jim Bowie|James Bowie]] and [[James W. Fannin, Jr.]], to lead a company<ref>https://www.thirteen.org/blog-post/u-s-army-units-explained-from-squads-to-brigades-to-corps/</ref> of men from [[San Francisco de la Espada Mission]] to reinforce a position near the town on October 27th. The companies of [[Andrew Briscoe]], [[Robert M. Coleman]], [[Valentine Bennet]], and [[Michael Goheen]] briefly engaged Mexican scouts before reaching Concepción. Austin had directed they return to the main army, however, the officers decided to camp for the evening instead. The Texans occupied a wooded bend in an embankment on the [[San Antonio River]], and sent out pickets to warn of a Mexican attack. The town fired a few cannon shots but failed to inflict losses.
|At the dawn of the next day, Cos sent a separate force of 275 men and two cannons under the command of '''Colonel Domingo de Ugartechea'''. The 200 Mexican cavalry drove in the Texan guards in early morning fog and formed on the west side of the river. '''Lieutenant Colonel José María Mendoza''' led the smaller infantry and artillery forces across the stream to attack from the east. Mexican volleys crashed through the trees overhead, but inflicted no casualties among the Texans. One man fell when Bowie moved Coleman's company to meet the advance. The Texans drove back three Mexican charges and killed or wounded most of the infantry and artillerymen in about thirty minutes. The Texans counterattacked and captured one of the cannons. Mexican cavalry covered the retreat of the infantry and cannoneers who survived.
----
Mexican losses included fourteen killed and thirty-nine wounded, some of whom died later. Texas losses included one killed and one wounded.
:::::::°CASUALTIES°
'''Texas: DEAD 1 INJURED 1
'''Opponent: DEAD 14 (+3 or 4)''*'' INJURED 39 (-3 or 4)''*'', ''*died later''.
|-
|-
|300 Mexican mules
|
11/08/1835
----
11/08/1835
|Texans scouted to capture Mexican supplies.
|[[William Barret Travis]] led beyond the [[Medina River]].
----
Capture of Mexican livestock.
:::::::°CASUALTIES°
'''Texas: DEAD 0 INJURED 0
'''Opponent: DEAD NA INJURED NA & 300 MULES and HORSES CAPTURED
|-
|-
|
''MINOR SKIRMISHES NOV 09 - 25''
|-
|-
|[[Grass Fight]]
|
11/26/1835<ref>https://www.tsl.texas.gov/treasures/republic/grass-01.html</ref>
----
11/26/1835
|On the morning of November 26, [[Erastus "Deaf" Smith]] rode into the Texas camp declaring that heading toward San Antonio were Mexican cavalry with pack animals. The soldiers began to speculate that the cargo the pack animals were carrying might be gold bouillon to pay the Mexican troops. [[Colonel Edward Burleson]] ordered James Bowie and forty cavalry to delay the Mexicans' progress. [[William H. Jack]] and a hundred infantry followed suit. The two forces then began to fight on foot in the ravines of [[Alazan Creek]].
|Cos sends fifty-or-so infantry with single artillery piece to reinforce defenses during Texan attack. Texas infantry breaks out of crossfire with Mexican units and pushes Mexican forces back.
----
Mexican troops counterattacked four times; [[James Swisher]] brought in reinforcements and the Mexicans retreated into town. The forty captured pack animals carried only grass to feed army animals. Texas' four wounded; Mexican losses of three dead and fourteen wounded, mostly cavalry.
:::::::°CASUALTIES°
'''Texas: DEAD 0 INJURED 4
'''Opponent: DEAD 3 INJURED 14
|-
|-
|
'''''*dawdling*''''' NOV 27 - DEC 04
|-
|-
|[[Bexar]]
|
12/05/1835
----
12/09/1835
|setup
|execution
----
outcome
:::::::°CASUALTIES°
'''Texas: DEAD ? INJURED ?
'''Opponent: DEAD ? INJURED ?
|-
|-
|[[Goliad Massacre]]
|
12/05/1835
----
12/09/1835
|setup
|execution
----
outcome
:::::::°CASUALTIES°
'''Texas: DEAD ? INJURED ?
'''Opponent: DEAD ? INJURED ?
|-
|-
|[[Alamo]]
|
12/05/1835
----
12/09/1835
|setup
|execution
----
outcome
:::::::°CASUALTIES°
'''Texas: DEAD ? INJURED ?
'''Opponent: DEAD ? INJURED ?
|-
|-
|[[San Jacinto]]
|
12/05/1835
----
12/09/1835
|setup
|execution
----
outcome
:::::::°CASUALTIES°
'''Texas: DEAD ? INJURED ?
'''Opponent: DEAD ? INJURED ?
|-
|}
----
{{reflist}}

User:Cazle/Essay:Texas military campaigns

2024-10-25T21:03:17Z

Cazle:

User:Cazle/Essay:Texas military campaigns

2024-10-25T20:35:48Z

Cazle:

Two-dimensional

2024-10-25T20:25:36Z

Cazle: Redirected page to Euclidean geometry

#REDIRECT [[Euclidean geometry]]

Aromatherapy

2024-10-25T20:17:54Z

Cazle:

"'''Aromatherapy'''" is primarily a [[Pseudoscience]] involving calming or healing the body through the sense of smell by using some aromatic with a diffuser. Used historically to induce sleep, however, this may be more-so due to smoke asphyxiation than actual effectiveness.<ref>https://www.mcgill.ca/oss/article/health-and-nutrition-quackery/aromatherapy-fragrant-medicine-or-stinky-pseudoscience</ref><ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5241930/</ref>
== References ==
{{reflist}}

Euclidean geometry

2024-10-25T20:12:37Z

Cazle:

'''Euclidean geometry''' is the branch of [[mathematics]] that deals with properties of [[shape]]s and spatial relationships. In its modern form, it is the pure mathematics of [[point]]s and [[line]]s and [[curve]]s and [[surface]]s.

There are a few main types of spatial forms:

* [[Point]]s, an infinitely small dot.
* [[Line]]s, an infinitely long set of points expanding in two opposite directions.
* [[Plane]]s, an infinitely wide set of lines, stretching out in four directions.
* [[Space]], all of the 3-dimensional space that points, lines, and planes exist on.

Euclidean geometry is named after [[Euclid]] who wrote ''Euclid's Elements'', an important early book containing [[postulate]]s and [[theorem]]s on Euclidean geometry. The opposite of Euclidean geometry is [[Non-Euclidean geometry]].

==See also==
*[[Riemannian geometry]]
[[Category:Geometry]]

Three-dimensional

2024-10-25T20:09:21Z

Cazle:

'''Three-dimensional''', tri-dimensional or 3D in geometric mathematics is a generalized description of cubed space.<ref>"three-dimensional", '''Definition 2, et 4''',''The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, 5th Edition''. HarperCollins Distribution Services.</ref> Euclidean space describes a two-dimensional plane. A three-dimensional Euclidean plane is determined by three coordinates; X, Y, & Z or Rn or n = 3.<ref>https://www.cis.upenn.edu/~cis5150/cis515-12-sl6.pdf</ref> Common cube coordinates are measured by the three planes of width, height, and depth.

==References==
{{ref}}

[[Category:Mathematics]]
[[Category:Geometry]]

Three-dimensional

2024-10-25T20:02:02Z

Cazle:

'''Three-dimensional''', tri-dimensional or 3D in geometric mathematics is a generalized description of cubed space.<ref>"three-dimensional", '''Definition 2, et 4''',''The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, 5th Edition''. HarperCollins Distribution Services.</ref> Euclidean space describes a two-dimensional plane. A three-dimensional Euclidean plane is determined by three coordinates; X, Y, & Z or Rn or n = 3. Common cube coordinates are measured by the three planes of width, height, and depth.

==References==
{{ref}}

[[Category:Mathematics]]
[[Category:Geometry]]

Three-dimensional

2024-10-25T19:56:01Z

Cazle:

'''Three-dimensional''', tri-dimensional or 3D in geometric mathematics is a generalized description of cubed space. Euclidean space describes a two-dimensional plane. A three-dimensional Euclidean plane is determined by three coordinates; X, Y, & Z or Rn or n = 3. Common cube coordinates are measured by the three planes of width, height, and depth.

[[Category:Mathematics]]
[[Category:Geometry]]

Three-dimensional

2024-10-25T19:47:11Z

Cazle:

'''Three-dimensional''', tri-dimensional or 3D is geometric mathematics describing generalized cube space. Euclidean space is a two-dimensional plane. Three-dimensional Euclidean plane is determined by three coordinates; X, Y, & Z or Rn or n = 3. Common cube coordinates are measured by width, height, depth which is three planes.

[[Category:Mathematics]]
[[Category:Geometry]]

2.5D

2024-10-25T19:40:17Z

Cazle:

"'''2.5D'''" describes an aesthetic whereby [[three-dimensional]] objects are camera-locked (set) in a two-dimensional plane (3D projection)<ref>https://sketchplanations.com/two-and-a-half-dimensions</ref>, or less commonly, two-dimensional objects are used in a three-dimensional plane (texture animation).<ref>https://www.vfxapprentice.com/blog/what-is-2-5d-animation-games</ref><ref>A [https://store.steampowered.com/search/?sort_by=Reviews_DESC&tags=4975&untags=1667%2C44868%2C12095&category1=998&ndl=1 steam list] of 2.5D games by highest review score.</ref> Texture may also be applied to paintings and other flat images to add depth (3rd dimensional aspect).<ref>https://www.sakawa.co.jp/info/2-5d</ref> Additionally, with the rise of video idol's utility of virtual avatars, avatars which appear three-dimensional but are made of several two dimensional layers classify as 2.5D.<ref>[https://emote.mtwo.co.jp/tsl/index_en.html Emotional Motion Technology],[https://inochi2d.com/ Inochi2D], etc.</ref>
== References ==
{{reflist}}

== See also ==
*[[Three-dimensional]]
[[Category:media]][[Category:geometry]][[Category:physics]]

2.5D

2024-10-25T19:38:15Z

Cazle:

"'''2.5D'''" describes an aesthetic whereby [[three-dimensional]] objects are camera-locked (set) in a two-dimensional plane (3D projection), or less commonly, two-dimensional objects are used in a three-dimensional plane (texture animation).<ref>https://www.vfxapprentice.com/blog/what-is-2-5d-animation-games</ref><ref>A [https://store.steampowered.com/search/?sort_by=Reviews_DESC&tags=4975&untags=1667%2C44868%2C12095&category1=998&ndl=1 steam list] of 2.5D games by highest review score.</ref> Texture may also be applied to paintings and other flat images to add depth (3rd dimensional aspect).<ref>https://www.sakawa.co.jp/info/2-5d</ref> Additionally, with the rise of video idol's utility of virtual avatars, avatars which appear three-dimensional but are made of several two dimensional layers classify as 2.5D.<ref>[https://emote.mtwo.co.jp/tsl/index_en.html Emotional Motion Technology],[https://inochi2d.com/ Inochi2D], etc.</ref>
== References ==
{{reflist}}

== See also ==
*[[Three-dimensional]]
[[Category:media]][[Category:geometry]][[Category:physics]]

2.5D

2024-10-25T19:32:06Z

Cazle:

"'''2.5D'''" describes an aesthetic whereby [[three-dimensional]] objects are camera-locked (set) in a two-dimensional plane (3D projection), or less commonly, two-dimensional objects are used in a three-dimensional plane (texture animation).<ref>https://www.vfxapprentice.com/blog/what-is-2-5d-animation-games</ref><ref>A [https://store.steampowered.com/search/?sort_by=Reviews_DESC&tags=4975&untags=1667%2C44868%2C12095&category1=998&ndl=1 steam list] of 2.5D games by highest review score.</ref> Texture may also be applied to paintings and other flat images to add depth (3rd dimensional aspect).<ref>https://www.sakawa.co.jp/info/2-5d</ref> Additionally, with the rise of video idol's utility of virtual avatars, avatars which appear three-dimensional but are made of several two dimensional layers classify as 2.5D.<ref>https://emote.mtwo.co.jp/tsl/index_en.html</ref>
== References ==
{{reflist}}

== See also ==
*[[Three-dimensional]]
[[Category:media]][[Category:geometry]][[Category:physics]]

2.5D

2024-10-25T19:27:23Z

Cazle:

"'''2.5D'''" describes an aesthetic whereby [[three-dimensional]] objects are camera-locked (set) in a two-dimensional plane. Less commonly, two-dimensional objects are used in a three-dimensional plane.<ref>https://www.vfxapprentice.com/blog/what-is-2-5d-animation-games</ref><ref>A [https://store.steampowered.com/search/?sort_by=Reviews_DESC&tags=4975&untags=1667%2C44868%2C12095&category1=998&ndl=1 steam list] of 2.5D games by highest review score.</ref> Texture may also be applied to paintings and other flat images to add depth (3rd dimensional aspect).<ref>https://www.sakawa.co.jp/info/2-5d</ref> Additionally, with the rise of video idol's utility of virtual avatars, avatars which appear three-dimensional but are made of several two dimensional layers classify as 2.5D.<ref>https://emote.mtwo.co.jp/tsl/index_en.html</ref>
== References ==
{{reflist}}

== See also ==
*[[Three-dimensional]]
[[Category:media]][[Category:geometry]][[Category:physics]]

2.5D

2024-10-25T19:27:02Z

Cazle:

'''2.5D''' describes an aesthetic whereby [[three-dimensional]] objects are camera-locked (set) in a two-dimensional plane. Less commonly, two-dimensional objects are used in a three-dimensional plane.<ref>https://www.vfxapprentice.com/blog/what-is-2-5d-animation-games</ref><ref>A [https://store.steampowered.com/search/?sort_by=Reviews_DESC&tags=4975&untags=1667%2C44868%2C12095&category1=998&ndl=1 steam list] of 2.5D games by highest review score.</ref> Texture may also be applied to paintings and other flat images to add depth (3rd dimensional aspect).<ref>https://www.sakawa.co.jp/info/2-5d</ref> Additionally, with the rise of video idol's utility of virtual avatars, avatars which appear three-dimensional but are made of several two dimensional layers classify as 2.5D.<ref>https://emote.mtwo.co.jp/tsl/index_en.html</ref>
== References ==
{{reflist}}

== See also ==
*[[Three-dimensional]]
[[Category:media]][[Category:geometry]][[Category:physics]]

2.5D

2024-10-25T19:24:31Z

Cazle:

2.5D describes an aesthetic whereby [[three-dimensional]] objects are camera-locked (set) in a two-dimensional plane. Less commonly, two-dimensional objects are used in a three-dimensional plane.<ref>https://www.vfxapprentice.com/blog/what-is-2-5d-animation-games</ref><ref>A [https://store.steampowered.com/search/?sort_by=Reviews_DESC&tags=4975&untags=1667%2C44868%2C12095&category1=998&ndl=1 steam list] of 2.5D games by highest review score.</ref> Texture may also be applied to paintings and other flat images to add depth (3rd dimensional aspect).<ref>https://www.sakawa.co.jp/info/2-5d</ref> Additionally, with the rise of video idol's utility of virtual avatars, avatars which appear three-dimensional but are made of several two dimensional layers classify as 2.5D.<ref>https://emote.mtwo.co.jp/tsl/index_en.html</ref>
== References ==
{{reflist}}

== See also ==
*[[Three-dimensional]]
[[Category:media]][[Category:geometry]][[Category:physics]]

2.5D

2024-10-25T19:07:57Z

Cazle:

2.5D describes an aesthetic whereby [[three-dimensional]] objects are camera-locked (set) in a two-dimensional plane. Less commonly, two-dimensional objects are used in a three-dimensional plane.<ref>https://www.vfxapprentice.com/blog/what-is-2-5d-animation-games</ref><ref>A [https://store.steampowered.com/search/?sort_by=Reviews_DESC&tags=4975&untags=1667%2C44868%2C12095&category1=998&ndl=1 steam list] of 2.5D games by highest review score.</ref> Texture may also be applied to paintings and other flat images to add depth (3rd dimensional aspect).<ref>https://www.sakawa.co.jp/info/2-5d</ref>
== References ==
{{reflist}}

== See also ==
*[[Three-dimensional]]
[[Category:media]][[Category:geometry]][[Category:physics]]

User:Cazle

2024-10-25T17:12:33Z

Cazle:

I'm a computer enthusiast who attends a church of God in my local area.
Studying languages, reading, and playing videogames are some of my favorite things to do.

Avid Anime Enjoyer, Favorites Include:

*''<nowiki>[Oshi No Ko]</nowiki>''
*''ACCA: 13-ku Kansatsu-ka''
*''Arifureta Shokugyou de Sekai Saikyou''
*''86 Eighty Six''
*''Assassins Pride''
*''5-toubun no Hanayome''
*''Arknights''
*''Akatsuki no Yona''
*''The entire <nowiki>*monogatari</nowiki> series including prequels''
*''Ranma 1/2 (Original)''

Nintendo fan, couldn't care for [[Sony|Woke]] [[Microsoft|Blood, Guts, & Gore]] Consoles.

{{Cquote|Line them up, Count them, Judge them, and in the politest terms of southern hospitality ever given on God's green earth, shoot them till they stop moving. Do the same to any who would harm a child.|4=[[User:Cazle|Cazle]]}}
<nowiki>*</nowiki>'''Disclaimer: ''This user does not endorse any form of violence towards anyone and the above statement is purely one of frustration not intent.'''''

<center>
'''''"{{{1|It were better for him that a millstone were hanged about his neck, and he cast into the sea, than that he should offend one of these little ones.}}}"'''''

--[[Gospel of Luke|Luke]] 17:2
</center>

<center>
'''''"{{{1|But whoso shall offend one of these little ones which believe in me, it were better for him that a millstone were hanged about his neck, and that he were drowned in the depth of the sea.}}}"'''''

--[[Gospel of Matthew|Matthew]] 18:6
</center>

<center>
'''''"{{{1|And whosoever shall offend one of these little ones that believe in me, it is better for him that a millstone were hanged about his neck, and he were cast into the sea.}}}"'''''

--[[Gospel of Mark|Mark]] 9:42
</center>

<center>
'''''"{{{1|And a mighty angel took up a stone like a great millstone, and cast it into the sea, saying, Thus with violence shall that great city Babylon be thrown down, and shall be found no more at all. And the voice of harpers, and musicians, and of pipers, and trumpeters, shall be heard no more at all in thee; and no craftsman, of whatsoever craft he be, shall be found any more in thee; and the sound of a millstone shall be heard no more at all in thee; And the light of a candle shall shine no more at all in thee; and the voice of the bridegroom and of the bride shall be heard no more at all in thee: for thy merchants were the great men of the earth; for by thy sorceries were all nations deceived.}}}"''''' --[[Book of Revelation|Revelation]] 18:21-23
</center>
==Project I'm Working On==
*[[User:Cazle/Essay:Texas_military_campaigns | WIP: Texas Campaigns]]
==Pages I Have Created==
*[[Dragoon]]
*[[Guadalupe River]]
*[[Old Eighteen (Texas)]]
*[[Gonzales]]
*[[Compact of Volunteers]]
*[[Graven image]]
*[[First aid]]
*[[Romanization of Japanese]]
*[[Witness tampering]]
*[[Aromatherapy]]
*[[Root]]
*[[Semi-automatic]]
*[[Shrinkflation]], See above.
*[[Theonym]]
*[[2.5D]]
*[[Game & Watch]]
*[[Non-Playable Character (NPC)]]
*[[Starter Pokémon]]
*[[Rock (theonym)]]
*[[Piracy (digital)]]
*[[Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion]]
*[[Sweet Baby Inc]]
*[[Short rations]]

==Categories I Have Created==
*[https://www.conservapedia.com/Category:PlayStation_Games Category:PlayStation Games]
*[https://www.conservapedia.com/Category:Sony Category:Sony]
*[https://www.conservapedia.com/Category:Starter_Pok%C3%A9mon Category:Starter Pokémon]
*[https://www.conservapedia.com/Category:User_ja Category:User ja]
*[https://www.conservapedia.com/Category:User_ja-N Category:User ja-N]
*[https://www.conservapedia.com/Category:User_ja-2 Category:User ja-2]
*[https://www.conservapedia.com/Category:Theonym Category:Theonym]

==Templates==
{| class="wikitable"
! width=200pt style="background:#0000ff; color:white"| Name
! width=30pt style="background:#ff9900; color:black"| Created?
! width=200pt style="background:#ffab0d; color:black"| DUPLICATION OF
! width=800pt style="background:#ff9900; color:black"| PURPOSE
|-
|[[Template:CPPOV:Sec|CPPOV:Sec]]
|No
|[[Template:CPPOV|CPPOV]]
|In order to mark individual sections of an article as potential vandalism/parody, instead of the whole article.
|-
|-
|[[Template:User ja|User ja]]
|No
|[[Template:User en|User en]]
|For use with the [[Template:babel|Babel]] userbox; In order to mark a User as a speaker of Japanese.
|-
|-
|[[Template:User ja-2|User ja-2]]
|No
|[[Template:User en|User en]]
|For use with the [[Template:babel|Babel]] userbox; In order to mark a User as an Intermediate speaker of Japanese.
|-
|-
|[[Template:User linux mint|User linux mint]]
|No
|[[Template:User linux|User linux]]
|A userbox; In order to mark a User as using [[Linux Mint]] as their [[Operating System]].
|-
|-
|[[Template:Unsectioned|Unsectioned]]
|No
|[[Template:Unsigned|Unsigned]]
|In order to mark Comments by a User, that, through context, should have been placed in a new, nonexistent section, while creating said section and labeling it with said user.
|-
|-
|[[Template:Dbd|Dbd]]
|No
|[[Template:Db|Db]]
|Paste on user pages that are clearly ghost users. A ghost user being any user that is clearly not using the website or contributing to the website. Most obvious evidence is the creation of the user page being the only contribution '''''AND''''' the last edit is more than a year old.
|-
|-
|[[Template:Small|Small]]
|Yes; Unknown Whether Previously Created;
|Not A Duplicate
|Two different articles used this non-existent template, but the implied usage was an application of the <nowiki></nowiki> parameter, like so <nowiki>small</nowiki>, rendering as small.
|-
|}

==Sources==
*[https://www.law.cornell.edu Cornell Law School Legal Information Institute] '''''for legal definitions'''''
*[https://www.ahdictionary.com American Heritage Dictionary] '''''for antiquated speech'''''
*[https://library.uta.edu/borderland/ University of Texas in Arlington Borderland Project] '''''for incidents in Texas occurring before Anno Domini 1879'''''
*[https://www.txcourts.gov/ Texas' Judicial Branch] '''''for information regarding Texas' courts'''''
*[https://tpwd.texas.gov Texas' Parks & Wildlife Department] '''''for terrain information'''''
*[https://www.tsl.texas.gov/ Texas State Library and Archives Commission]
*[https://www.thc.texas.gov/ Texas Historical Commission]
*[https://www.tshaonline.org/ Texas State Historical Association] (''Independent Nonprofit'')
*[https://www.va.gov/vetsinworkplace/docs/em_rank.html United States Military Ranks]
*[https://www.uniforminsignia.net/mexico.html Mexican Insignia]

----
----
[https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Template:Mainpageright&diff=prev&oldid=2031161 r1][https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=User_talk:Cazle&diff=prev&oldid=2032881 r2][https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Conservapedia:Guidelines&curid=20765&diff=2033176&oldid=2019440 r3][https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=United_States_of_America&diff=2030997&oldid=1778672 r4][https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=File_talk:Nazi_propaganda_from_US_Embassy_Kyiv.jpg&curid=182433&diff=2038488&oldid=2038377 r5]
{{userboxtop|align=left|toptext= }}

{{User Christian1}}{{CP Civility Association}}

{{userboxbottom}}
{{userboxtop|align=right|toptext= }}

{{User en}}{{User ja-2}}{{User linux mint}}

{{userboxbottom}}

=== Movements I support ===
*[https://studentsforfairadmissions.org/ Students for Fair Admissions]

Shrinkflation

2024-10-25T17:12:14Z

Cazle:

'''Shrinkflation''' is a result of higher producer costs due to [[inflation]] caused by excess [[deficit spending|government spending]].<ref name=ivtp>https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/shrinkflation.asp</ref>

Two methods by which sales corporations try to get away with selling products that appear the same or cheaper, but aren't<ref name=ivtp></ref>. The first method relies on replacing some of the contents with air. The only noticeable outward change is the package volume description. (i.e. 4 oz. instead of 6 oz.)<ref name=usbls>https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-12/measuring-shrinkflation-and-its-impact-on-inflation.htm</ref> The second method involves shrinking the packaging and reducing the price ever so subtly that it appears that the original product has undergone an amazing price cut, when in fact, no such price cut has been made, only a new, smaller, product is for sale. i.e. butter, ice cream, and other dairy products<ref name=usbls></ref>.
----
'''An example of the first method:'''
{| class="wikitable"
! width=0pt style="background:#B40404; color:white"|
! width=40pt style="background:#B40404; color:white"| Jan.
! width=40pt style="background:#B40404; color:white"| Feb.
! width=40pt style="background:#B40404; color:white"| Mar.
! width=40pt style="background:#B40404; color:white"| Apr.
! width=40pt style="background:#B40404; color:white"| May.
! width=40pt style="background:#B40404; color:white"| Jun.
! width=40pt style="background:#B40404; color:white"| Jul.
! width=40pt style="background:#B40404; color:white"| Aug.
! width=40pt style="background:#B40404; color:white"| Sep.
! width=40pt style="background:#B40404; color:white"| Oct.
! width=40pt style="background:#B40404; color:white"| Nov.
! width=40pt style="background:#B40404; color:white"| Dec.
|-
|Price
|$1.00
|$1.00
|$1.00
|$1.00
|$1.00
|$1.00
|$1.00
|$1.00
|$1.00
|$1.00
|$1.00
|$1.00
|-
|-
|Volume'''''*'''''
|'''100:0**'''
|98:2
|89:11
|78:22
|75:25
|73:27
|67:33
|60:40
|48:52
|33:67
|22:78
|'''0:100***'''
|-
|-
|Size
|10x10 in
|10x10 in
|10x10 in
|10x10 in
|10x10 in
|10x10 in
|10x10 in
|10x10 in
|10x10 in
|10x10 in
|10x10 in
|10x10 in
|-
|}
*'''''*A ratio of product to air.'''''
*'''**All product, no air.'''
*'''***You are buying air.'''
Product Price and Size remain constant, internal content dwindles.
----
'''An example of the second method:
{| class="wikitable"
! width=0pt style="background:#B40404; color:white"|
! width=40pt style="background:#B40404; color:black"| '''Jan.**'''
! width=40pt style="background:#B40404; color:white"| Feb.
! width=40pt style="background:#B40404; color:white"| Mar.
! width=40pt style="background:#B40404; color:white"| Apr.
! width=40pt style="background:#B40404; color:white"| May.
! width=40pt style="background:#B40404; color:white"| Jun.
! width=40pt style="background:#B40404; color:white"| Jul.
! width=40pt style="background:#B40404; color:black"| '''Aug.***'''
! width=40pt style="background:#B40404; color:white"| Sep.
! width=40pt style="background:#B40404; color:white"| Oct.
! width=40pt style="background:#B40404; color:white"| Nov.
! width=40pt style="background:#B40404; color:black"| '''Dec.****'''
|-
|Price
|'''$1.00'''
|$1.25
|$1.75
|$1.79
|$1.99
|$2.05
|$3.10
|'''$3.11'''
|$2.43
|$2.34
|$2.32
|'''$2.23'''
|-
|-
|Volume'''''*'''''
|80:20
|80:20
|80:20
|80:20
|80:20
|80:20
|80:20
|60:40
|60:40
|60:40
|60:40
|60:40
|-
|-
|Size
|10x10 in
|10x10 in
|10x10 in
|10x10 in
|10x10 in
|10x10 in
|10x10 in
|9x9 in
|9x9 in
|9x9 in
|9x9 in
|9x9 in
|-
|}
*'''''*A ratio of product to air.'''''
*'''**Initial price.'''
*'''***Peak price.'''
*'''****Final price after adjustment.'''
The final price is less than the peak price, while greater than the initial price, while simultaneously having less for that price than the initial price.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== See also ==
*[[Inflation]]
[[Category:Inflation]]

User:Cazle

2024-10-25T16:54:49Z

Cazle:

I'm a computer enthusiast who attends a church of God in my local area.
Studying languages, reading, and playing videogames are some of my favorite things to do.

Avid Anime Enjoyer, Favorites Include:

*''<nowiki>[Oshi No Ko]</nowiki>''
*''ACCA: 13-ku Kansatsu-ka''
*''Arifureta Shokugyou de Sekai Saikyou''
*''86 Eighty Six''
*''Assassins Pride''
*''5-toubun no Hanayome''
*''Arknights''
*''Akatsuki no Yona''
*''The entire <nowiki>*monogatari</nowiki> series including prequels''
*''Ranma 1/2 (Original)''

Nintendo fan, couldn't care for [[Sony|Woke]] [[Microsoft|Blood, Guts, & Gore]] Consoles.

{{Cquote|Line them up, Count them, Judge them, and in the politest terms of southern hospitality ever given on God's green earth, shoot them till they stop moving. Do the same to any who would harm a child.|4=[[User:Cazle|Cazle]]}}
<nowiki>*</nowiki>'''Disclaimer: ''This user does not endorse any form of violence towards anyone and the above statement is purely one of frustration not intent.'''''

<center>
'''''"{{{1|It were better for him that a millstone were hanged about his neck, and he cast into the sea, than that he should offend one of these little ones.}}}"'''''

--[[Gospel of Luke|Luke]] 17:2
</center>

<center>
'''''"{{{1|But whoso shall offend one of these little ones which believe in me, it were better for him that a millstone were hanged about his neck, and that he were drowned in the depth of the sea.}}}"'''''

--[[Gospel of Matthew|Matthew]] 18:6
</center>

<center>
'''''"{{{1|And whosoever shall offend one of these little ones that believe in me, it is better for him that a millstone were hanged about his neck, and he were cast into the sea.}}}"'''''

--[[Gospel of Mark|Mark]] 9:42
</center>

<center>
'''''"{{{1|And a mighty angel took up a stone like a great millstone, and cast it into the sea, saying, Thus with violence shall that great city Babylon be thrown down, and shall be found no more at all. And the voice of harpers, and musicians, and of pipers, and trumpeters, shall be heard no more at all in thee; and no craftsman, of whatsoever craft he be, shall be found any more in thee; and the sound of a millstone shall be heard no more at all in thee; And the light of a candle shall shine no more at all in thee; and the voice of the bridegroom and of the bride shall be heard no more at all in thee: for thy merchants were the great men of the earth; for by thy sorceries were all nations deceived.}}}"''''' --[[Book of Revelation|Revelation]] 18:21-23
</center>
== Articles I will no longer be editing for any reason whatsoever ==
*[[Shrinkflation]]
==Project I'm Working On==
*[[User:Cazle/Essay:Texas_military_campaigns | WIP: Texas Campaigns]]
==Pages I Have Created==
*[[Dragoon]]
*[[Guadalupe River]]
*[[Old Eighteen (Texas)]]
*[[Gonzales]]
*[[Compact of Volunteers]]
*[[Graven image]]
*[[First aid]]
*[[Romanization of Japanese]]
*[[Witness tampering]]
*[[Aromatherapy]]
*[[Root]]
*[[Semi-automatic]]
*[[Shrinkflation]], See above.
*[[Theonym]]
*[[2.5D]]
*[[Game & Watch]]
*[[Non-Playable Character (NPC)]]
*[[Starter Pokémon]]
*[[Rock (theonym)]]
*[[Piracy (digital)]]
*[[Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion]]
*[[Sweet Baby Inc]]
*[[Short rations]]

==Categories I Have Created==
*[https://www.conservapedia.com/Category:PlayStation_Games Category:PlayStation Games]
*[https://www.conservapedia.com/Category:Sony Category:Sony]
*[https://www.conservapedia.com/Category:Starter_Pok%C3%A9mon Category:Starter Pokémon]
*[https://www.conservapedia.com/Category:User_ja Category:User ja]
*[https://www.conservapedia.com/Category:User_ja-N Category:User ja-N]
*[https://www.conservapedia.com/Category:User_ja-2 Category:User ja-2]
*[https://www.conservapedia.com/Category:Theonym Category:Theonym]

==Templates==
{| class="wikitable"
! width=200pt style="background:#0000ff; color:white"| Name
! width=30pt style="background:#ff9900; color:black"| Created?
! width=200pt style="background:#ffab0d; color:black"| DUPLICATION OF
! width=800pt style="background:#ff9900; color:black"| PURPOSE
|-
|[[Template:CPPOV:Sec|CPPOV:Sec]]
|No
|[[Template:CPPOV|CPPOV]]
|In order to mark individual sections of an article as potential vandalism/parody, instead of the whole article.
|-
|-
|[[Template:User ja|User ja]]
|No
|[[Template:User en|User en]]
|For use with the [[Template:babel|Babel]] userbox; In order to mark a User as a speaker of Japanese.
|-
|-
|[[Template:User ja-2|User ja-2]]
|No
|[[Template:User en|User en]]
|For use with the [[Template:babel|Babel]] userbox; In order to mark a User as an Intermediate speaker of Japanese.
|-
|-
|[[Template:User linux mint|User linux mint]]
|No
|[[Template:User linux|User linux]]
|A userbox; In order to mark a User as using [[Linux Mint]] as their [[Operating System]].
|-
|-
|[[Template:Unsectioned|Unsectioned]]
|No
|[[Template:Unsigned|Unsigned]]
|In order to mark Comments by a User, that, through context, should have been placed in a new, nonexistent section, while creating said section and labeling it with said user.
|-
|-
|[[Template:Dbd|Dbd]]
|No
|[[Template:Db|Db]]
|Paste on user pages that are clearly ghost users. A ghost user being any user that is clearly not using the website or contributing to the website. Most obvious evidence is the creation of the user page being the only contribution '''''AND''''' the last edit is more than a year old.
|-
|-
|[[Template:Small|Small]]
|Yes; Unknown Whether Previously Created;
|Not A Duplicate
|Two different articles used this non-existent template, but the implied usage was an application of the <nowiki></nowiki> parameter, like so <nowiki>small</nowiki>, rendering as small.
|-
|}

==Sources==
*[https://www.law.cornell.edu Cornell Law School Legal Information Institute] '''''for legal definitions'''''
*[https://www.ahdictionary.com American Heritage Dictionary] '''''for antiquated speech'''''
*[https://library.uta.edu/borderland/ University of Texas in Arlington Borderland Project] '''''for incidents in Texas occurring before Anno Domini 1879'''''
*[https://www.txcourts.gov/ Texas' Judicial Branch] '''''for information regarding Texas' courts'''''
*[https://tpwd.texas.gov Texas' Parks & Wildlife Department] '''''for terrain information'''''
*[https://www.tsl.texas.gov/ Texas State Library and Archives Commission]
*[https://www.thc.texas.gov/ Texas Historical Commission]
*[https://www.tshaonline.org/ Texas State Historical Association] (''Independent Nonprofit'')
*[https://www.va.gov/vetsinworkplace/docs/em_rank.html United States Military Ranks]
*[https://www.uniforminsignia.net/mexico.html Mexican Insignia]

----
----
[https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Template:Mainpageright&diff=prev&oldid=2031161 r1][https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=User_talk:Cazle&diff=prev&oldid=2032881 r2][https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Conservapedia:Guidelines&curid=20765&diff=2033176&oldid=2019440 r3][https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=United_States_of_America&diff=2030997&oldid=1778672 r4][https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=File_talk:Nazi_propaganda_from_US_Embassy_Kyiv.jpg&curid=182433&diff=2038488&oldid=2038377 r5]
{{userboxtop|align=left|toptext= }}

{{User Christian1}}{{CP Civility Association}}

{{userboxbottom}}
{{userboxtop|align=right|toptext= }}

{{User en}}{{User ja-2}}{{User linux mint}}

{{userboxbottom}}

=== Movements I support ===
*[https://studentsforfairadmissions.org/ Students for Fair Admissions]

Mickey Mouse

2024-09-08T22:46:26Z

Cazle:

[[File:Mickey Mouse 1928.png|right|500px|thumb|Mickey Mouse from a 1928 poster. '''Please note that "Steamboat Willie" Mickey Mouse does not appear in color or have the signature gloves typically seen on modern depictions of Mickey Mouse.''']]
'''Mickey Mouse''' is the mascot and main character of the [[Walt Disney]] Corporation.

Mickey Mouse originated in 1928 in "[[Steamboat Willie]]", which debuted on Nov. 18, 1928, as the first animated cartoon with talking characters.

On January 1, 2024, Disney's copyright on the original Mickey Mouse expired. In previous years when this had occurred, Disney would lobby for and obtain a 20-year extension as it had in 1998 under the guise of the Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act.<ref>https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2019/01/a-whole-years-worth-of-works-just-fell-into-the-public-domain/</ref>

On January 1, 2024, "Steamboat Willie" Mickey Mouse entered the public domain. Shortly after that, it was revealed that a horror game and two horror movies were in development.
== References ==
<references/>
[[Category:Walt Disney Characters]]
[[Category:Disney]]
[[Category:Fictional mice]]

Mickey Mouse

2024-09-08T22:42:49Z

Cazle:

[[File:Mickey Mouse 1928.png|right|500px|thumb|Mickey Mouse from a 1928 poster]]
'''Mickey Mouse''' is the mascot and main character of the [[Walt Disney]] Corporation.

Mickey Mouse originated in 1928 in "[[Steamboat Willie]]", which debuted on Nov. 18, 1928, as the first animated cartoon with talking characters.

On January 1, 2024, Disney's copyright on the original Mickey Mouse expired. In previous years when this had occurred, Disney would lobby for and obtain a 20-year extension as it had in 1998 under the guise of the Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act.<ref>https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2019/01/a-whole-years-worth-of-works-just-fell-into-the-public-domain/</ref>

On January 1, 2024, "Steamboat Willie" Mickey Mouse entered the public domain. Shortly after that, it was revealed that a horror game and two horror movies were in development.
== References ==
<references/>
[[Category:Walt Disney Characters]]
[[Category:Disney]]
[[Category:Fictional mice]]

Mickey Mouse

2024-09-08T22:42:18Z

Cazle:

[[File:Mickey Mouse 1928.png|right|500px|thumb|Mickey Mouse from a 1928 poster]]
'''Mickey Mouse''' is the mascot and main character of the [[Walt Disney]] Corporation.

Mickey Mouse originated in 1928 in "[[Steamboat Willie]]", which debuted on Nov. 18, 1928, as the first animated cartoon with talking characters.

On January 1, 2024, Disney's copyright on the original Mickey Mouse expired. In previous years when this had occurred, Disney would lobby for and obtain a 20-year extension as it did in 1998 under the guise of the Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act.<ref>https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2019/01/a-whole-years-worth-of-works-just-fell-into-the-public-domain/</ref>

On January 1, 2024, "Steamboat Willie" Mickey Mouse entered the public domain. Shortly after that, it was revealed that a horror game and two horror movies were in development.
== References ==
<references/>
[[Category:Walt Disney Characters]]
[[Category:Disney]]
[[Category:Fictional mice]]

Sadam

2024-08-21T23:54:23Z

Cazle: Redirected page to Saddam Hussein

#REDIRECT [[Saddam Hussein]]

Liturgical readings from Bible

2024-08-21T23:53:55Z

Cazle: Redirected page to Liturgical readings from the Bible at masses

#REDIRECT [[Liturgical readings from the Bible at masses]]

Liturgy readings

2024-08-21T23:52:30Z

Cazle: Redirected page to Liturgical readings from the Bible at masses

#REDIRECT [[Liturgical readings from the Bible at masses]]

Sec of HHS

2024-08-21T23:50:51Z

Cazle: Redirected page to United States Secretary of Health and Human Services

#REDIRECT [[United States Secretary of Health and Human Services]]

Sweet Baby Inc

2024-07-31T19:17:33Z

Cazle:

<big>'''The [[Department of Homeland Security]] is ''INVOLVED.'''''</big><ref>https://bleedingfool.com/news/fbi-dhs-coordinates-with-discord-reddit-others-to-track-extremist-gamers/</ref><ref>https://www.takethis.org/2024/03/responding-to-gamergate2/</ref><ref>https://theintercept.com/2024/03/09/fbi-dhs-gamers-extremism-violence/</ref>

According to their' own website<ref>[https://sweetbabyinc.com/ Sweet Baby Inc] Official website</ref>, '''Sweet Baby Inc''' "is a narrative development and consultation studio based in Montreal and working around the globe. Our mission is to tell better, more empathetic stories while diversifying and enriching the video games industry. We aim to make games more engaging, more fun, more meaningful, and more inclusive, for everyone." '''See [[DEI]].'''

The Co-Founder, [[Kim Belair]] has said at the 2019 Games Development Conference that consulting firms need to "terrify" games developers into holding their agenda.<ref>{{Cquote|[https://twitter.com/GamesNosh/status/1764802262017183761 The Co-Founder of Sweet Baby Inc Kim Belair proudly explains the method she uses to force bosses at game studios to censor, alter, and "diversify" game projects she feels are problematic - "Terrify them" aka threaten them with the anger of the cancel culture mob.]|4=User GamesNosh|5=[[X]] (formerly Twitter)}}</ref>

Recently, Sweet Baby has been criticized for their involvement in the bust that was "Suicide Squad: Kill the Justice League"<ref>[https://store.steampowered.com/agecheck/app/315210/ Suicide Squad: Kill the Justice League] steam page disclaimer</ref><ref>[https://steamcommunity.com/app/315210/reviews/?p=1&browsefilter=toprated Steam: Reviews Rated Most Helpful]; Mostly Negative; {{Cquote|i have less shame in admitting to owning porn games than i do with this game|4=User Roxana Babenco|5=Steam Review with 984 Community Awards}}</ref> and have been shoved into the spotlight revolving the creation and controversy of a [[Steam]] curation page<ref>[https://store.steampowered.com/curator/44858017-Sweet-Baby-Inc-detected/?appid=1599780 Sweet Baby Inc. detected] curation page.</ref> dedicated to the identification and listing of all [[Video games]] Sweet Baby Inc has been involved in.

One of the employees started a harassment campaign against the curator's owner<ref>https://nichegamer.com/sweet-baby-employees-incite-harassment-campaign-against-steam-curator/</ref><ref>https://game8.co/articles/latest/sweet-baby-inc-employees-fail-spectacularly-at-trying-to-get-steam-curator-banned</ref> on [[X]] and was banned subsequently.<ref>https://thatparkplace.com/sweet-baby-inc-employee-who-tried-to-cancel-gamer-over-boycott-list-gets-x-account-limited/</ref> When reinstated, the employee proceeded to further reputation nose-dive by making a post insulting the recently deceased [[Akira Toriyama]] and was subsequently re-banned.<ref>https://www.xfire.com/sweet-baby-inc-employee-mocks-akira-toriyama-death-fans-outraged/</ref>

The other Co-Founder, [[David Bedard]], attempted to blame backlash against the company as "harassment" by conservatives calling them "far right".<ref>https://www.theblaze.com/news/sweet-baby-inc-harassment-farright</ref>

Additionally, Sweet Baby has come under fire because of some of the things said by its' employees regarding [[pedophilia|acts related to children]]{{citation needed}}. Some have speculated that the logo for the company may have been inspired by symbolism of that sort.<ref>{{Cquote|[https://www.reddit.com/r/Asmongold/comments/1b6yqt8/comment/ktjspe4/ I mean sweet baby Inc really sounds like some pedophile society]|4=User Acceptable-Change729|5=r/Asmongold on [[Reddit]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cquote|[https://steamcommunity.com/app/553850/discussions/0/4298194451994265901/#c4298194451994295332 It's fairly obvious that whoever came to with the name of that company is probably a pedophile.]|4=User PK_Thunder|5=Steam HELLDIVERS™ 2 discussion thread]}}</ref><ref>{{Cquote|[https://steamcommunity.com/discussions/forum/0/4041481833173832291/ Why is Steam affiliated with this creepy Organisation]|4=User Guts|5=Steam community discussion thread]}}</ref><ref>[https://file.wikileaks.org/file/FBI-pedophile-symbols.pdf Symbols and Logos Used by Pedophiles; Wikileaks]</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

Talk:Video games

2024-07-29T04:50:13Z

Cazle: /* No Need for Argument, Need not Revert. */ I give up.

So, so, so ironic and hypocritical that a user who claims he has accepted jesus christ as the messiah is acting identicaly to an atheist on a topic he clearly dislikes. And on top of this hes an admin on this so called "conservative site".

Wow "sourced content" ok well since every shooter has drank water and watched tv i guese ill go find some loosely based studies on them and fill up the water and tv wikis. Oh except im probbaly not going to be able to do that beacuse you dont have a religon based around those things

Alright... The source given at the end of the first paragraph is, honestly, useless. It doesn't prove any claim made in the paragraph, let alone the last sentence, and some of the stuff given there sounds absolutely ludicrious. 124 incidents of violence in 10 minutes? Unless you're counting every punch as an incident, that's incredibly high...

Anyway. Under normal circumstances I'd simply delete the reference and replace it with a citation needed tag, but given that I'm coming fresh of a banning for misinterpreting instructions, I leave it to you to decide whether or not to remove a source that really adds nothing to the article. Cheers. [[User:Barikada|Barikada]] 23:33, 22 January 2008 (EST)

:Alright. Should nobody post a response to this in the next... Ehh, few hours, I'm going to replace that source with a fact tag. Reason: Source is irrelevant to that section of the article. [[User:Barikada|Barikada]] 15:55, 25 January 2008 (EST)

::I'm a little confused which ref you mean. The first paragraph doesn't have a red at the end. What reference number is it? Also F.Y.I., New comments are usually placed at the bottom of talk pages. No harm done, though. --[[User:DavidB4|David B]] ([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]]) 13:54, 5 June 2017 (EDT)
==Final Fantasy==
Oh dang. I just noticed the what the previous edits said about the series. It's about purging evil in a make believe world! Narnia is almost the same. (both have magic/occult themes!)

I've been playing the series for a while, what homosexuality has there been besides Kefka, the arguable transvestite, from FFVI? And transvestism?! So what if Cloud was needed to infiltrate an area via "en femme"? It's a short section of the game and it was a pixelated mess.

Sexuality, let me think (my memory is half good on gaming). VI, nope. VII, nope (Tifa was "top-heavy"). VIII, didn't play. IX, nope. X, underwater make-out scene and Lulu's attire is iffy. X-2, that massage mini-game freaked me out and their attire. XI, didn't play due to online. XII, still playing and the only dispute are the Vieras' attire. Undercover cops in prostitution have just as much sexuality, but it's a necessary good, no?

Suicide... not really (from my experience). Homicide, very much so. Sephiroth killed Aerith, so Cloud killed Sephiroth. The only time I can think of was when Tidus (FFX) jumped off the Fahrenheit at the end, but he was just an apparition anyway. Also, it's not like it glorifying it either.

Religion. FFXII, the villains defy "the gods/fates". What do they get? Most are burned up by their manufactured idols ("manufacted nethicite") while the others are destroyed by Ashelia and the crew. Gabranth also comes to see the errors of his ways and joins the final fight for good against his superior, Vayne. Gabranth was saved in one way or another. Ruling out the villains of Final Fantasy, there hasn't been--if my memory serves correct--a defiance/negativity towards religion... except maybe the false religion of Yevon, which said that a summoner should die for their people to rid the world of pain for 3 years, "Sin". FFX was about defeating "Sin" and the false gods.
I think I am done with my ranting for today. I would like to see some counter-points though. +_+ always tired [[User:NathanG|Nate]] 22:18, 4 June 2008 (EDT)

:Many characters are unnecessarily sexualized (specially on concept art), just look at FFX-2. There's also a few sexual references here and there. (Though its not as bad as other games.) Also, Faris and Kuja are definitely transvestives.
:There's also plenty of suicide in FFVI, with at least two of your main characters practicing it. There's also Dyne in FFVII committing it.
:And if Final Fantasy Tactics wasn't a subtle attempt at subversion against Christianity, I don't know what it is. [[User:WilliamH|WilliamH]] 00:33, 5 June 2008 (EDT)

::it isn't a subtle attempt at subverting christianity, it was a successful attempt to make money by creating a video game that took place in a fantasy world. (and as for the other things i have no idea cause i dont play FF, although their are other games with more violence and sexuallity, try picking on gta, that will be easier)-[[User:Greenmeanie|Greenmeanie]] 00:56, 5 June 2008 (EDT)
:::Well, yes, but more specifically it was a successful attempt to make money by creation a video game that took place in a fantasy world were Christianity is basically evil. I'll eventually get to work on the gta articles though. [[User:WilliamH|WilliamH]] 01:02, 5 June 2008 (EDT)

:FFX-2 was Square's only first attempt to make an actual sequel. With the name that sequel brings it immediately brings less sales. How to counteract that? Scanty clothing! It's about making money. I preferred to use a party of 2 white mages and one dark knight (most amount of clothing), with the exception of using special dress-spheres when necessary (Riku's and Paine's special form were fully clothed). Gunner, hot pants and side skirt. Gun Mage, side skirt and midriff. Alchemist, nothing revealing. Warrior, bike shorts(?) at least. Dark Knight, nothing. Samurai, tube top Riku. Berserker, major problem. Songstress, miniskirt balanced with really up high boots/stockings. Black Mage, mix samurai with songstress format. White Mage, nothing. Lady Luck, problem. Mascot, definitely nothing wrong. Trainer, same top as Ashelia from FFXII--reveals top 1/3 of breasts. Actually useful dress-spheres: Berserker, White Mage, Lady Luck (if your timing is correct), Warrior, Songstress (if you give it time), and the special spheres.
:Weren't Kuja and Zidane both genderless genomes? How can a mechanically engineered, soulless being be a transvestite? They were containers for the souls of Terra. Souls have gender/sex. True nature, a purified version of the body/container God made for us to use. If you have no soul, and you're just a container, then you have no true nature/gender. Kuja absorbed a plethora of souls of the Terrans... woman, child, man. Wouldn't that make "him" multi-gendered?
:And.. I never played FF Tactics. I've played Mystic Quest, FFIII (JP), FFVI, FFVII, FFIX, FFX (best game ever! - spent 300 hours on it, 250 on one file), FFX-2 (just wanted to see how a sequel would be and what happened to Tidus), FFXII (still playing, good vocabulary too). +_+ always tired [[User:NathanG|Nate]] 15:08, 5 June 2008 (EDT)

::Oh, I don't doubt the sexualizing of women in the series (not just FFX-2) was made in an effort to increase sales for the games (I would even say it applies to other themes not suitable for children such as profanity), however, that doesn't make it right or more appropriate.

::Its true that Kuja is a genome, but they still have male bodies and are treated essentially like men in the game, in fact, you don't even get to know they aren't really human until nearly the end of the game. Also, even taking these technicalities in account, Faris (from FFV) is still transvestite. [[User:WilliamH|WilliamH]] 16:44, 5 June 2008 (EDT)

:::They also kind of had to assign a gender. You couldn't go a whole referring to the main antagonist as "it", "Kuja" or "zhe" (zhe is what some "genderless" people like to be called).

:::I have never actually played more than 10 minutes of FFV before deciding it wasn't worth the effort of not spending time on Dofus (a French-based [[MMORPG]]). +_+ always tired [[User:NathanG|Nate]] 23:58, 5 June 2008 (EDT)

::::"He" works as a pronoun for both genders, doesn't it? [[User:WilliamH|WilliamH]] 19:36, 6 June 2008 (EDT)

:::::For conservatives, it does. My friend--"genderless by choice", born a she, and liberal--wishes to be known as "zhe". Also, Society builds on being [[politically correct]]. Companies can't go about saying every unknown gendered person, Quina Quen (FFIX), is a he... that would offend too many potential consumers. Turning off potential consumers means a loss for future profits too. [[User:NathanG|Nate]] 12:01, 9 June 2008 (EDT)

::::::I always thought that was an attempt at comedy actually. [[User:WilliamH|WilliamH]] 21:17, 19 June 2008 (EDT)

:::::::Regarding Final Fantasy, I can't speak for earlier games, but I think Final Fantasy VII pushed an environmentalist message and anti-business agenda regarding AVALANCHE'S using eco-terrorism and it being played in a comparatively positive light (plus the fact that Cloud is essentially forced to become a transvestite), as well as SHINRA being depicted in a very negative light. For Final Fantasy X, it had such a huge dig at the Catholic Church that Tactics by comparison was pro-Christian (long story short, Yevon, a blatant expy of the Roman Catholic Church, not only sought to delay the inevitable regarding Sin rather than truly destroy it and deceive its followers via that method, but it's head had actually been an unsent, which was a violation of one of its tenants, and apparently it was depicted as shockingly hypocritical). And Final Fantasy XII somewhat utilized the Satan is Good trope, so I'm not too sure about that. For Final Fantasy XIII, the first game basically depicted either Eastern Orthodoxy or the Roman Catholic Church (depending on which language) in a shockingly awful light via Cocoon and Galenth Dysley's plans, and the "heroes" are a bunch of terrorists. Although Final Fantasy VI does have a lot of conservative elements, including denouncing Kefka's nihilism as a very bad thing, at the same time, Terra's speech hints at relativism when confronting Kefka, and Kefka, even when his final form was modeled after Lucifer, still comes across as acting like God and having a blatant parody of the Divine Comedy. A side note, but Kefka's not a transvestite, he's a clown, a Jester more specifically, though that being said, he does gain transvestite traits in Dissidia. Final Fantasy IV does have some conservative traits, however, more than liberal traits, since a main theme of the story is redemption. [[User:Pokeria1|Pokeria1]] ([[User talk:Pokeria1|talk]]) 09:21, 14 August 2016 (EDT)

==Sex in video games==
I found something useful in an older release of the Official Playstation Magazine about sex in videogames.

*1982 - Custer's Revenge (Atari 2600) - The goal of the game was to have sex with a Native American woman by dodging arrows.
*1990 - River City Ransom (Nintendo Entertainment System) - During a certain part of the game you can enter the sauna and it shows a naked man-butt.
*1996 - Tomb Raider (PS1) - Introduced polygon breasts to the gaming world.
*1998 - Metal Gear Solid (PS1) - "bathroom scene"
*2000 - Dead or Alive 2: Hardcore (PS2) - "perfected" polygon breasts by adding a realistic bouncing effect.
*2001 - Fear Effect 2: Retro Helix (PS1) - featured a lesbian couple for protagonists and several make-out scenes and partial nudity.
*2001 - Rez (PS2 - Japan) - A trance music game with optional USB vibrator accessory.
*2002 - BMX XXX (PS2) - nude characters and unlockable strip tease videos
*2004 - Leisure Suit Larry (PS2) - sex-themed minigames
*2004 - GTA: San Andreas (PS2) - "Hot Coffee"
*2005 - Playboy: The Mansion (PS2) - sexual scenes (kind of obvious)
*2005 - God of War (PS2) - topless female characters
*2005 - Pornographic UMDs (PSP - Japan)
<ref>Ashley, Robert. "The Secret History of Videogame Sex." Official Playstation Magazine Feb. 2006: 96-99.</ref>

:Uh, buddy boy, that Lara Croft code was an April Fool's joke. [[User:DannyRedful|DannyRedful]] 14:37, 13 June 2008 (EDT)
::Right, right. I forgot about that... I never was one for reading the entire article. [[User:NathanG|Nate]] 15:32, 13 June 2008 (EDT)
:::I'm adding a section about this if nobody minds. [[User:WilliamH|WilliamH]] 00:28, 14 June 2008 (EDT)
::::God of War also included mini-games involving the lead character having sex with various women. While the acts were not pictured on screen (the in-game views were moved to different parts of the rooms), the player had to press various buttons at the right time and was treated to all the sounds of the sex acts. Additionally, during one of the sex scenes, the camera focused on a fountain statue of a urinating young boy which achieved an erection during the scene and "ejaculated." This filth can be viewed on YouTube if anyone (i.e. any liberal) doubts me. [[User:Jinxmchue|Jinxmchue]] 12:47, 9 September 2008 (EDT)
Okay. I have had it up to me head with this!
You still fail to make any good points yes some things in here may be true but...
It does not prove JACK! Okay?!
I don't "oh this has breasts wa wa wa its porn!" Well guess what?
I don't care!
Why will you not just accept the modern world!?
--[[User:Caker|Caker]] 13:35, 19 February 2013 (EST)

:I'll give you God of War, Custer's Revenge, Fear Effect 2, Leisure Suit Larry, GTA: San Andreas, Playboy the Mansion, Pornographic UMDs, and possibly BMX: XXX, but I'm not too sure River City Ransom, Metal Gear Solid 1, the Dead or Alive Franchise, or the Tomb Raider franchise really qualifies as sex. At best, the former two can be listed under nudity, and while I will admit that the latter two have suggestive designs for the girl characters, considering the only time the sexual act was even depicted was the opening of Dead or Alive Hardcore which showed Ayame being raped by Raidou, and otherwise there was truly no real indication of sex at all other than Helena and Kokoro being born out of wedlock and Ayane being a byproduct of rape (using the dictionary term, not the swear), and there was barely even any nudity in the games (closest thing to nudity was the opening to Dead or Alive 1 where Kasumi was hot-tubbing, Dead or Alive 3 and Dead or Alive Xtreme where Christie is taking a shower and skinnydipping in her ending and the opening, respectively, and Hitomi getting out of a shower in her ending in DOA4, and maybe Tina's movie scene in Bass's ending, and even that was only suggestive and not showing anything explicit save for maybe DOA1's opening), and even the Xtreme series, which was a beach vacation series, really had extremely tame interactions. Besides, if there's any Conservative aspects to the Dead or Alive series, its that there are pro-family messaging (Kasumi's reason for entering the Dead or Alive tournament, even at the risk of being killed as a Runaway Shinobi, is to avenge her brother when their uncle nearly killed him trying to get a Ninja power. Honoka's devoted to her grandmother, and Kokoro's devoted to her mom, as was Helena, with the latter even growing to respect her deceased dad as well.), some pro-Christianity in there (Helena, one of the good guys, is implied to be a devout Christian. That's not exactly you would expect ESPECIALLY from a Japanese-made game), and it is even surprisingly pro-American especially for a Japanese-made game (most other Japanese-made games that focus on real world events, in particular the ''Resident Evil'' series and especially the ''Metal Gear'' series, generally try to demonize America in any way shape or form, with the heroes usually either being forced by America to do its will or otherwise explicitly invoking anti-Americanism even when it doesn't actually fit their background, and the villains generally being patriotic Americans), namely with the characters Tina and Bass Armstrong, who are depicted as extremely patriotic WITHOUT making them villains. And Tomb Raider? There's not really any sex at all. Suggestive themes, sure, but not sex (when I think of "sex", I think strictly of sexual intercourse or flagrantly showing genitalia at the very least, and for the record, breasts aren't a sexual organ, they're for milk production, so while I would still censor myself regarding breasts, they're not exactly as bad as, say, showing a vagina or a penis.). Anyways, as I said below, I think with all this talk we should definitely create a Greatest Conservative Video Games and a Worst Liberal Video Games article with all that said and done. [[User:Pokeria1|Pokeria1]] ([[User talk:Pokeria1|talk]]) 09:43, 14 August 2016 (EDT)

==Link With Crime==
I think the statement in the first paragraph—I added a <nowiki>{{fact}}</nowiki> tag but took it out after some consideration— needs a link to some sort of study linking the two, or it needs to be reworded. I don't believe a singular incident can be evidence for this claim.
--[[User:LautRN|Jeffrey W. Lauttamus]][[User_talk:LautRN|Discussion]] 11:59, 9 September 2008 (EDT)
:It's clear that crimes have been ''associated'' with video games (the Columbine killers made custom levels in Doom that matched their school or some such), so the statement as written is true. The problem comes if you try to make a large scale correlation -- outside of anecdotal evidence, I don't think any evidence has ever been found. What few individual correlations I've heard, there's no evidence that the video game ''caused'' the violence. [[User:HelpJazz|Help]][[User talk:HelpJazz|Jazz]] 21:49, 20 September 2008 (EDT)

==References==
<references/>

== Jack Thompson ==

Maybe we should remove the mention of Jack Thompson? He wasn't really a "target" of the media, and with his recent disbarrment, it might make a stronger case without mention of him. [[User:LiamG|LiamG]] 17:40, 11 October 2008 (EDT)
:Alternatively, it makes his criticisms seem more like the goofiness that they realy are ;-) You are right about the "target" thing though; most "targeted" media coverage was from gamer sites and comics. If the main stream media had anything about him he wasn't really a "target". [[User:HelpJazz|Help]][[User talk:HelpJazz|Jazz]] 19:37, 11 October 2008 (EDT)

==People who actually...==
Can we get some people who actually play video games to edit this article? It's becoming biased based on what some editors see on TV.

Sure the popular games are the ones seen on TV or the ones that already have loyal fans, but there are still a majority of non-violent games out there.

Don't generalize because you don't understand. [[User:JonathanG|JonG]][[User_talk:JonathanG|Tennisu no Boifriendo]] 21:10, 27 June 2009 (EDT)

===Violence retort===
:And a funny retort to the violence "found" in gamers can be responded with:
::"Violence in gamers is not caused by video games themselves, but rather, the crappy movies that are "based" off of the video games." --VGCats & Beep Boop
[[User:JonathanG|JonG]][[User_talk:JonathanG|Tennisu no Boifriendo]] 21:19, 27 June 2009 (EDT)

== Targeted at teenagers? ==

It is not true that all video games are targeted at teenagers. It is true that video games are popular with teenagers, but they are also popular with people in their twenties. One could maybe make some useful link, but I think the first sentence should just be removed of its reference to teenagers. [[User:Crucialwood|Crucialwood]] 08:39, 4 August 2009 (EDT)

== Biased article ==

This is the most biased article I have ever seen. The opening sentence itself is sickening.

:So it looks like there is some controversy about this article. Is it possible to unlock it to editing? The vandals are surely gone now.--[[User:Wuhao1911|Wuhao1911]] 18:25, 9 January 2010 (EST)

::I don't know about vandals, but I'd like to see this unlocked... I think that at the moment, the article could use a bit of improvement. The first paragraph says some things that make me frown. [[User:MalP|MalP]] 21:15, 16 February 2010 (EST)

:::I completely agree. The first sentence of the article should describe what video games actually are, not make a blatant statement against them. It's appalling that this article is stuck in the state it's in currently. [[User:Piexing|Piexing]] 9:50, 6 March 2010 (EST)

::::Another study was just published documenting the harm. But I'll unlock the entry to see if you can improve it.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 09:55, 6 March 2010 (EST)

== Italics in faith section ==

In the section that discusses faith in video games, when it goes on to list some games that involve religious belief, various sections of the article are in italics. I'd imagine this is because the author wanted the video game titles to be in italics, but some parts of the text are, as well. Is there a reason for this? I was going to change it, but thought I'd ask first. [[User:Jpope1487|Jpope1487]] 00:36, 13 January 2011 (EST)

== The positive side of video games ==

As an avid gamer, I'm disappointed at the extreme bias in this article. While I agree that language and questionable content is totally unnecessary in video games, there are a tremendous amount of games that are absolutely harmless, beneficial, and even educational. For example, Sid Meier's Civilization series simulates world leadership in a video game. Players can learn strategy and a limited level of diplomacy (especially if played with other real players) and the "encyclopedia" found in game gives a very detailed background on units, world wonders, faction leaders, nations, and history in general.

Flight Simulators are also considered games, and they give the player a fairly accurate representation of flight with no negative content. These are only two examples of "good" games that are sitting on my shelf. I originally wrote about 4 more examples but I wanted to keep my explanation short. :)

I apologize for dragging on my explanation, but I feel very strongly that video games are represented incorrectly and can indeed contain as many opportunities for education as television or radio. Tomorrow I'll research the subject some more and gather some sources and add a section to the article about the beneficial (and largely unnoticed) video games that are on the market. --[[User:Kody|Kody]] 23:24, 5 February 2011 (EST)

: You may try to improve it. --[[User:Joaquín Martínez|Joaquín Martínez]] 23:27, 5 February 2011 (EST)

::I learned my basic math skills from Command and Conquer. XD. No joke I really did. The Civ games are always educational and they provide the "encyclopedia" so you can learn about the wonders you build. I also have to admit as a kid I never ever cried because of a movie and it was a video game that was the first form of entertainment to make me shed my water. It was Call of Duty 2 Big Red One when Vic (I think) kicks open the door and gets shot, I was devastated. And the most recent Modern Warfare game also made me cry. As you fight to take Washington back from a invading force you see your fellow brothers in arms in body bag. The creators made sure you saw the body bags and saw the negative sad things. They also allowed you to skip the airport level. Props to Infinity Ward.--[[User:Harrymd|Harrymd]] 09:04, 25 July 2011 (EDT)

== Cleanup and Tagging ==

I cleaned up some of the sections and added in {{Citation needed}} tags where necessary. --[[User:HarabecW|HarabecW]] 19:36, 19 May 2011 (EDT)

==Dungeons and Dragons==

I'm not sure what to do when a page gets this long, but I went to the citation for the claim that Dungeons and Dragons contained Satanic imagery and I found no mention of the game on the page. I believe that the claim is false as it is just a GAME and I will be removing the statement unless someone can find real intentional game art that was meant to be Satanic. Thank you. [[User:AnnoyingConservative|AnnoyingConservative]]
:You've never actually... played the game have you. and its hard for real D&D to have much "art"--[[User:SeanS|SeanS]] 08:34, 2 June 2011 (EDT)
:Actually, yes. I have played the game. Nothing Satanic about it. If you have proof, I would like to see it [[User:AnnoyingConservative|AnnoyingConservative]]

== Subliminal messages ==

I came across something yesterday, when playing one of those silly "find the hidden item" games. I was quite surprised to see a number of items that should have been out of place in what is essentially a children's game.
I've loaded one screen-shot [http://picpaste.com/Mystery_P.I._-_The_Lottery_Ticket_1.jpg here] and circled the offending items: 2 bottles of wine, a cigarette, a cigar, a cigarette lighter, a bottle of beer and a full mug of beer. And this is just one screen of hundreds that you'll end up looking at while playing the game. [[User:TracyS|TracyS]] 07:54, 22 June 2011 (EDT)

:I dont really see that that is a children's game. Even if it is, so what? It's not encouraging children to smoke or drink. I'd hardly call that "subliminal messaging" --[[User:HarabecW|HarabecW]] 12:50, 22 June 2011 (EDT)
::Ok, so maybe subliminal isn't the right word, but you don't have a problem with hiding things like this and then encouraging children to find them? And of ''course'' it's a children's game - do you think these games are marketed at adults? PS It's "don't" [[User:TracyS|TracyS]] 12:59, 22 June 2011 (EDT)
:::Then I'd say DONT be a grammar nazi. No, I really dont have a problem with it, why should I? --[[User:HarabecW|HarabecW]] 13:38, 22 June 2011 (EDT)

== Amount of "E" rated games ==
Hey! I'm new here, but I'm already editing this article due to it's biased focus on harmful video games and that there are SOOOOO many inappropriate games. So, I went onto Amazon.com to check how many video games they had. Here's what I found:

Rated E: 27,619

Rated E 10: 2,172

Rated T: 9,643

Rated M: 3,757

Rated RP (Rating Pending): 8,750

As you can see, there are more E games on Amazon then all of the others COMBINED. That means that there are still a bunch of [[Family friendly]] games out there. [[User:JonnyAmerican|JonnyAmerican]]

== Not all video games are targeted at Teenagers ==
I would like to mention that the line "Video games are addictive activities targeted at teenagers" is not entirely true. As shown in my post above, there are MANY "E" games. According to the ESRB website, titles rated E (Everyone) have content that may be suitable for ages 6 and older. Titles in this category may contain minimal cartoon, fantasy or mild violence and/or infrequent use of mild language. So, that means that there are a lot of video games targeted at children and families. So I propose that the line should be changed to "Video games are addictive activities targeted at all ages". [[User:JonnyAmerican|JonnyAmerican]]
:Perhaps, but there are a lot more video games played by teenagers than younger children. Video games are largely played by teenage boys, and ''many'' games are made to tailor to them.--[[User:JamesWilson|James Wilson]] 16:32, 5 January 2012 (EST)
::I have friends who aren't teenagers that love video games! I like video games too but am not useful in my argument since I'm 14. [[User:JonnyAmerican|JonnyAmerican]]
:::How old are your friends? If they are preteens or younger, they don't help your argument out either, since the point of this article is that minors are the major consumers of video games.--[[User:JamesWilson|James Wilson]] 16:49, 5 January 2012 (EST)
::::That's their age range all right. But the term "Minors" is anyone under 18. [[User:JonnyAmerican|JonnyAmerican]]
:::::Correct, but that's what I said. People under the age of eighteen are the major consumers of video games. Also, another fad to note: people in that age range (preteens) are given violent games (e.g. the ''[[Grand Theft Auto]]'' series) by parents due to their ignorance of game content and the corresponding ratings. This is a fact, and should be noted in the article. Video games are not good for the intellectual stimulation of children. They would benefit reading a [[book]] once and a while, if they even know what one is!--[[User:JamesWilson|James Wilson]] 16:57, 5 January 2012 (EST)
::::::Yeah. But video games aren't the only reason that teens can be violent. I blame movies and TV too. [[User:JonnyAmerican|JonnyAmerican]]
:::::::Extremely valid point, and you can feel free to add criticisms to the respective articles.--[[User:JamesWilson|James Wilson]] 20:24, 5 January 2012 (EST)
::Most popular video games (more than 15 million sold):
*Wii Sports (Wii) (76.76 million)
*Super Mario Bros. (NES) (40.24 million)
*Tetris (GB) (35 million)
*Mario Kart Wii (Wii) (28.23 million)
*Wii Sports Resort (Wii) (27.68 million)
*Wii Play (Wii) (27.38 million)
*New Super Mario Bros. (GBA) (26.88 million)
*Pokémon Red, and Blue (GB) (23.64 million)
*Nintendogs All versions (GBA) (23.26 million)
*Pokémon Gold and Silver (GB) (23 million)
*Wii Fit (Wii) (22.61 million)
*New Super Mario Bros. Wii (21.94 million)
*Mario Kart DS (GBA) (21.04 million)
*Super Mario World (SNES) (20.60 million)
*Brain Age: Train Your Brain in Minutes a Day! (GBA) (18.72 million)
*Wii Fit Plus (18.49 million)
*Super Mario Land (GB) (18.06 million)
*Super Mario Bros. 3 (NES) (18 million)
*Pokémon Diamond and Pearl (GBA) (17.39 million)
*Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas (PS2) (17.33 million approximately)
*The Sims (PC) (16 million shipped)
*Sonic the Hedgehog (Sega) (15 million)
But it is probably true that teenagers spend more time on 1 game than others.
--[[User:PhilipN|PhilipN]] 16:54, 5 January 2012 (EST)

Plenty of adults play video games, too. Sports video games, like the Madden series, are popular among all ages. [[User:DynaboyJ|DynaboyJ]] 17:58, 5 January 2012 (EST)

== Video games can actually help! ==

Gaming grannies: 'World of Warcraft' boosts cognitive abilities

Read more: http://www.foxnews.com/scitech/2012/02/25/gaming-grannies-world-warcraft-boosts-cognitive-abilities/?intcmp=features#ixzz1nY0rkeU8
:That's about as bogus as ''Angry Birds'' and physics.--[[User:JamesWilson|James Wilson]] 22:11, 26 February 2012 (EST)
::Explain why [[User:JonnyAmerican|JonnyAmerican]] 09:13, 27 February 2012 (EST)
:::JonnyAmerican, there are no benefits to video games. Much like popular television, modern music, and other forms of entertainment, there is no cultural enrichment. There really is no cognitive enrichment either. The content in many video games is questionable as best. It is essential that you realize that the games have no benefit in this regard, and any credible doctor would tell you the same.
:::As for ''Angry Birds'' and physics: it's a bogus claim as none of the contents are explicitly or even implicitly related to the discipline; it is claim some made with nothing to back it up. Surely no credible science teacher would use it as a teaching tool?--[[User:JamesWilson|James Wilson]] 16:29, 28 February 2012 (EST)
::::If I may interject, there is actually some benefits to video games. ''Super Battleship'' and ''Radar Mission'', for example, deals with teaching people the art of conducting strategy during warfare. Also, the game ''Metal Gear Solid 3: Snake Eater'' covers some historical tidbits that are unlikely to be covered in the public school system or even the university system, such as the [[Katyn massacre]], the spy Oleg Pentrovsky and his death, as well as America planning to get rid of its silos in Turkey even before the Turkey Deal due to the silos being rendered obsolete, ergo cultural enrichment. The ''Zelda'' series also requires that the player conduct various puzzles in the dungeons in order to advance through the game, which last I checked is cognitive enrichment. Even the ''Dead or Alive'' series promotes the concept of family values and pro-American values. Besides, technically, under that argument, we could easily say books have no benefits either, since books led to stuff like ''The Social Contract'' by Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and ''Das Capital'' by Karl Marx. [[User:Pokeria1|Pokeria1]] ([[User talk:Pokeria1|talk]]) 09:54, 5 June 2017 (EDT)

== Found a Downside to Video Games ==

[http://www.foxnews.com/scitech/2012/03/20/terrorists-use-online-games-like-call-duty-to-plot-attacks/?intcmp=features] [[User:JonnyAmerican|JonnyAmerican]] 08:40, 20 March 2012 (EDT)

The stupid it hurts... --[[User:Caker|Caker]] 13:23, 19 February 2013 (EST)

== Editing [[Video Games]] ==

[http://www.theesa.com/facts/violence.asp]
This article has a point about violence in other countries. Most of our American video games are sold in other countries, but their homicide rates are still lower then ours (most European countries and Japan have homicide rates under 1% of 100,000 people compared to America's 4%).

[http://www.theesa.com/facts/violence.asp]
This article describes that video games are played mostly by young adults, not teens.

So, is it okay if I edit [[video games]] to better reflect the facts? [[User:JonnyAmerican|JonnyAmerican]] 10:16, 17 May 2012 (EDT)
:You link to the same article twice. You also need a source outside the ESA. --[[User:JamesWilson|James Wilson]] 11:43, 18 May 2012 (EDT)

[http://www.theguardian.com/science/brain-flapping/2013/sep/20/video-games-cause-violence-claims-cause-violence]
Stop promoting violence, Conservapedia!

== Several of the claims in this article are extremely spurious ==

I reverted an edit saying video games have caused people to drop out of college due to lack of sources. I myself have played video games heavily, and I have never felt they were a good reason to drop out of college.

Further, I also restored an edit about how games teach critical thinking skills, which they can and do. The United States military uses video game software as training material (they once commissoned a version of the game Battlezone for use as a Bradley tank simulator), and from personal experience with games like Civilization, a game of that nature forces the player to consider the tactical and strategic benefits of their decisions in building wonders and other civilization improvements, the use of military, economic, and political decision making in order to maximize the prominence and success of the civilization run by the player, which requires the player to invest considerable thought into their gameplaying decisions.

Further, as distasteful as it is, video games like Grand Theft Auto and Doom require critical thinking because the former requires the player to plan out how to complete missions successfuly without getting captured by law enforcement, which requires careful planning, as I'm sure any criminologist would easily verify about any competent criminal in real life. As for the latter, Doom had puzzles that required the player to discover keycards to open doors and had switches and motion puzzles that required the player to make tactical decisions to pass levels, not to mention some levels had limited ammunition on higher difficulties, forcing the player to figure out creative ways to maximize their kill count of the enemies with their limited resources.

All of the above require critical thinking skills on the part of the player.

Further, I've played videogames, and I still believe in God, so the claim videogames encourage atheism seems spurious as well.

As for videogames inspiring young people to kill, so do violent movies and books (Timothy McVeigh was inspired to commit his acts of depravity by the racist book ''The Turner Diaries''), but regardless, a video game does not rob anyone of free will, and everyone who found inspiration in killing from any sort of violent media had the choice not to commit those acts of violence, unless they were legally insane, in which case whatever they chose as entertainment is somewhat irrelevant, as they were unable to make rational decisions in the first place. Besides, Breivik was found to be sane (and rejected an insanity defense) regardless of his enjoyment of Call of Duty.

As for sexual immorality and desensitization to violence, I'd be willing to believe that. Many games do have permissive sexual themes (and some are outright pornographic), and many violent video games do tend to desensitive the player to violence over a perioud of time, so in that regard, they are unhealthy influences, especially to those with depraved or violent tendencies.

Still, that does not mean those parties don't know what right and wrong is, and they choose to do evil of their own will; their influences merely push them in that direction, but they are the ones who choose to give into temptation.

Stress-induced health problems (including unexpected heart attacks) is a claim that can be true, and the bright lights and intense action can cause epileptic seizures, so that is a claim I'd be willing to buy as well.

Also, I checked the references cited, and the first one is no longer available, so it needs a new reference, and as someone who still follows the gaming industry (I occasionally have read news periodicals related to gaming), that claim seems doubtful to begin with. As for the sixth reference, it only refers to statistics regarding violent video games, nothing about "tragic results", so this claim is spurious and erroneously represented.

As for the twelfth reference, it no longer seems available at the link provided, so this needs updated before it's veracity can be cited in the article.

[[User:PatrickMarion|PatrickMarion]] 00:11, 3 January 2013 (EST)PatrickMarion

== College dropouts... ==

While perusing the headlines on the main page, I followed the embedded wiki-link to this article. Right there in the intro of the article I found this bold (literally) claim: '''''Video games are likely the single biggest cause of bright young men dropping out of college, and also committing heinous acts of violence.''''' To say I was somewhat stunned would be an understatement. While on the path of obtaining my degrees, I was tempted to dropout on more than one occasion. Like many others, financial problems, work scheduling, personal issues, and simple lack of interest served as a near-constant distraction to my studies. Yet despite all of these things I had to juggle during my collegiate days, addiction to violent video games wasn't one of them. I simply can't imagine a temptation so great that not only would it encourage me to discontinue my education, it would also goad me into performing acts of mindless violence. Clearly a lot has changed in the nearly 20 years since I attended my alma mater. Please provide me with citations and/or links that support this incredible information. Clearly, anything described as "... ''the single biggest cause''..." would have no trouble producing a concordance (consilience) of sources in agreement. --[[User:DonnyC|DonnyC]] 03:12, 22 April 2013 (EDT)

== College dropouts... ==

While perusing the headlines on the main page, I followed the embedded wiki-link to this article. Right there in the intro of the article I found this bold (literally) claim: '''''Video games are likely the single biggest cause of bright young men dropping out of college, and also committing heinous acts of violence.''''' To say I was somewhat stunned would be an understatement. While on the path of obtaining my degrees, I was tempted to dropout on more than one occasion. Like many others, financial problems, work scheduling, personal issues, and simple lack of interest served as a near-constant distraction to my studies. Yet despite all of these things I had to juggle during my collegiate days, addiction to violent video games wasn't one of them. I simply can't imagine a temptation so great that not only would it encourage me to discontinue my education, it would also goad me into performing acts of mindless violence. Clearly a lot has changed in the nearly 20 years since I attended my alma mater. Please provide me with citations and/or links that support this incredible information. Clearly, anything described as "... ''the single biggest cause''..." would have no trouble producing a concordance (consilience) of sources in agreement. --[[User:DonnyC|DonnyC]] 03:12, 22 April 2013 (EDT)

:Yeah, agreed with that. Heck, during Oglethorpe, I even was tempted to drop out once back in 2013, and video games played absolutely NO role in the plan whatsoever nor did my even using the Internet. Far from it, my motivation for potentially dropping out was simply to escape the brainwashing factory that they called a university. And in fact, I was very dedicated to my studies.

:On that note, while it is unfortunately true that people have been motivated to kill due to Video Games, that's practically typical with ANY form of media. People have also complained about Hollywood movies inspiring people to kill (Columbine Massacres), and with TV shows inspiring bad behavior. Heck, even with books, we've got people who were inspired to do a LOT of vile actions (just ask the French Philosophes' works during the Enlightenment which led to the French Revolution and Reign of Terror, or how about Karl Marx's Communist manifesto, or Sade's works, especially 120 Nights of Sodom), so to say that Video Games are something that must be destroyed due to influencing liberal behavior is spacious at best (we could argue the exact same thing with literally ANY fictional medium). I could easily argue that books, for example are the number one influence in causing murder, yet you'd laugh me away if I said that. We'll probably keep the fact that it does encourage violence, but we definitely shouldn't claim it's the single cause of killings.

:I think it's high time we did Greatest Conservative Gaming and Worst Liberal Gaming, like what we've done with plenty other mediums on here, as believe it or not, there ARE games that are either conservative or otherwise have some conservative messaging, just as much as there are games that are either liberal or otherwise have some liberal messaging. [[User:Pokeria1|Pokeria1]] ([[User talk:Pokeria1|talk]]) 09:11, 14 August 2016 (EDT)

== Current console generations ==
Hi, it appears the current console generation is wrong, as it is the 8th generation, and the consoles specifically for that are the Nintendo Switch, Xbox One, and PlayStation 4 respectively. Someone should fix this, however, as the paged is locked from editing for me, I can't personally do this. --[[User:44trent3|44trent3]] ([[User talk:44trent3|talk]]) 21:19, 17 April 2017 (EDT)
:Good point, thanks for bringing it up! Hopefully, an admin will unlock this so it can be updated. --[[User:DavidB4|David B]] ([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]]) 22:13, 17 April 2017 (EDT)

::Thanks for pointing this out. I just unlocked the page for anyone to edit.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] ([[User talk:Aschlafly|talk]]) 22:42, 17 April 2017 (EDT)

== Citation needed ==

"Video games are likely the single biggest cause of bright young men dropping out of college."

I understand and agree with this point, but I honestly think that it needs some proof attached. [[User:Whiterose|Whiterose]] ([[User talk:Whiterose|talk]]) 19:10, 22 April 2017 (EDT)

:Agreed--good catch! --[[User:DavidB4|David B]] ([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]]) 19:54, 22 April 2017 (EDT)

== Video games don't cause violence ==

From what I know video games themselves don't cause violence, they are other factors like the players mental state and how they value human life, also if video games do cause violence the same can be said for movies. What person would be like "I see human life as valuable and I am mentally sane, but I just play GTA and now I want to do a mass shooting", I know it's a bit of a strawman but I need to make the point that just playing video games won't cause violences.
:Fully agreed. I've played plenty of Metroid Prime, and I had no desire to do a mass shooting. Now, that being said, we should give video games the kind of caution we give books, TV shows, and movies, because while those mediums by themselves don't necessarily cause mass shootings or mass riots, specific messages in those mediums actually can orchestrate them. Like the French Enlightenment's works or Marx's Das Kapital, for example, or Brian de Palma's Redacted (and personally, I'd argue books are more dangerous than even TV shows, movies, or especially video games, precisely because of their direct role in causing the French Revolution and Communist Revolutions.). [[User:Pokeria1|Pokeria1]] ([[User talk:Pokeria1|talk]]) 10:37, 6 August 2019 (EDT)

:: Don't we age rate video games? [[User:Borkhue|Borkhue]] ([[User talk:Borkhue|talk]]) 16:00, 6 August 2019 (BST)

::: Yeah, we do. But on the other hand, we have to be extra careful even with age ratings, since some creeps like [[Hideo Kojima]] are likely to exploit the age rating and use what are technically kids games to push far-left agendas on them without their even being aware of it, subtle indoctrination. You know, like the blatant FSLN/Che Guevara love and America hatred in Peace Walker even by Metal Gear standards, and that game unlike most entries to the Metal Gear franchise is specifically geared towards school kids. [[User:Pokeria1|Pokeria1]] ([[User talk:Pokeria1|talk]]) 11:08, 6 August 2019 (EDT)

:::: The far-left agendas in video games isn't something I'm knowledgeable of, but politics in video games should only be a problem when the creator did it with the intent, e.g If I make a game where you overthrow an dictorship, it's not-political (in my books) if I didn't intent the game to be and just made a game (the quality of the game is another story), however it is political if I go "yes I did intent for it to have political messaging" then it is political. [[User:Borkhue|Borkhue]] ([[User talk:Borkhue|talk]]) 21:08, 6 August 2019 (BST)
::::: The political agenda in Metal Gear Solid: Peace Walker is so blatantly obvious, even more obvious than the rest of the series, especially all the hero-worship of that mass murderer Che Guevara. Educate yourself on Che here: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oVUWkAxCXT4] [[User:Shobson20|Shobson20]] ([[User talk:Shobson20|talk]]) 16:51, 6 August 2019 (EDT)

:::::: Yeah, as Shobson20 pointed out, Kojima couldn't even do a worse job hiding his agenda if he tried (and Peace Walker was marketed to kids. Aside from the obvious Che tapes, there's also the following tapes from that game as well: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tf5XxHLZ9Nw Peace Walker Amanda Tapes], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1JfgeD4WGeQ Peace Walker Chico Tapes], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AviGVk7YVQ8 Peace Walker Cecile Tapes], the first two being FSLN operatives, and the last one is a French floozy who apparently got her start in May 1968 and was also, at least in the Japanese version, a massive Sartre fangirl. I can tell you this much, there's definitely no way the pushing of left-wing politics here was an accident, especially given that Kojima was previously responsible for Snake Eater, where he not only referenced how even without the Turkey Deal, America was already planning on getting rid of the Turkey silos anyway due to their being rendered obsolete regarding nuclear subs, but also referenced the events of the Katyn Forest Massacre, an event that not many people have common knowledge about thanks largely to our leftist-dominated education system. I think Chris Redfield in Resident Evil 5 also had [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VA-aH1K_zBU some dialogue] that hinted at him adhering to a more socialist view on things and basically bashed America's more capitalist way of thinking (though in all fairness, it's not exactly easily accessible dialogue). That's just a couple of examples I can think of off the top of my head. I guess you can also read up on the [https://web.archive.org/web/20060813191032/http://www.mgstus.org/downloads/misc/MGS2_orginal_gameplan/metal_gear_solid_2_grand_game_plan.pdf Metal Gear Solid 2 Grand Game Plan] (if the site allows you to, anyway) as well, especially the parts where Kojima openly admits he wanted to make America itself the ultimate bad guy in that game. [[User:Pokeria1|Pokeria1]] ([[User talk:Pokeria1|talk]]) 17:01, 6 August 2019 (EDT)

==Naming conventions==
For future references,

'''Video games'''

"A video game is ..."

The Mainspace title of the page should have remained in the singular, "video game", "A video game is...". It's too late to fix it now for the most part, with the multitude of Redirects that go to the plural title. This problem could have been averted by choosing the proper title initially, and then creating a simple Redirect with the plural. Thanks. [[User:RobSmith|RobS]][[User talk:RobSmith|''Give Peace a chance'']] 04:09, December 4, 2022 (EST)

== No Need for Argument, Need not Revert. ==

I don't think there is anything wrong with or controversial about my recent edits. They were an attempt to make the page more objective, up to date, and improve readability. I am free to discussion, but may not respond for a few days. [[User:Cazle|Cazle]] ([[User talk:Cazle|talk]]) 07:05, May 5, 2023 (EDT)
::I give up. See [https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Video_games&diff=2067563&oldid=2037128 this diff]. [[User:Cazle|Cazle]] ([[User talk:Cazle|talk]]) 00:50, July 29, 2024 (EDT)

== Regarding [https://www.conservapedia.com/index.php?title=Video_games&oldid=1987800 an edit]; ==

This edit is a counterargument to what was previously placed hither, and does not belong where it has been placed hence. It should be placed in the "defense" (Arguments for video game usage) section instead. [[User:Cazle|Cazle]] ([[User talk:Cazle|talk]]) 17:24, October 15, 2023 (EDT)
:Change it and see what happens. [[User:RobSmith|RobS]][[User talk:RobSmith|''Give Peace a Chance!'']] 18:25, October 15, 2023 (EDT)
::Did as suggested. [[User:Cazle|Cazle]] ([[User talk:Cazle|talk]]) 18:47, October 15, 2023 (EDT)
:::That looks good to me. Thanks!
:::I'm thinking some other material on this page might also need reorganization, as well. I might move a few things around, too. --[[User:DavidB4|DavidB4]] ([[User talk:DavidB4|TALK]]) 20:01, October 15, 2023 (EDT)

Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion

2024-07-22T23:55:11Z

Cazle:

'''Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI)''', is a left-leaning buzz-phrase used to justify the racial or sexual exclusion of certain ethnicities/gender on the basis that said ethnicities/gender are not a part of a minority group. '''''Benchmarking Race, Inclusion, and Diversity in Global Engagement (BRIDGE)'''''<ref>[https://socialimpact.com/bridge/ Social Impact: BRIDGE]</ref> is the subversive toolset used to enact DEI<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3vg1fsaZO8M</ref>, a list of policies whose effects include but are not limited to:
* the removal of Gingers, people with red/red-aubern hair from various existing media including [[Video games]] and [[movies]]<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt5971474/ The Little Mermaid (2023)]</ref><ref>[https://www.eviemagazine.com/post/why-are-redheads-being-erased-in-media Evie: Why Are Redheads Being Erased In Media?]</ref>
* exclusion of [[asian]]s from Universities, and other places of higher education and/or a restriction of grants based solely on the premise<ref>https://www.apa.org/monitor/2021/07/jn</ref><ref>https://studentsforfairadmissions.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/SFFA-UT-Fed-Complaint-Filed-July-2020.pdf</ref><ref>https://studentsforfairadmissions.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/SFFA-v.-Harvard-Complaint.pdf</ref>
* exclusion of [[Europe#Ethnic_groups|caucasion]]s from certain job industries, especially those related to film and advertising<ref>https://thecrankycreative.com/what-happened-to-white-people-in-tv-commercials/</ref>
* exclusion of [[male]]s from formal discourse, on the basis of "toxicity"
* new and "inclusive" gender-ambiguous "female" characters, whose creators have admitted were "toned down" to pander to [[transvestite]]s<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xc1PohWSLb8</ref>
* companies removing and/or replacing out-spoken, innovative, consciously moral females with females who promote "the message"<ref>[[Gina Carano]]</ref>
* the creation of explicitly racist [[Wikipedia]] pages such as the one entitled ''"White Americans"''<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_Americans&oldid=1212401599</ref>
etc...

Due to backlash, there has been a concerted effort to conceal DEI practices, which includes rephrasing the terminology used, as well as removing explicit DEI staff for the more subversive tactic of using BRIDGE across-board, i.e. the entire company from the bottom to the top is a DEI organ, propaganda machine. DEI has been used less prominently in education as "Promoting Respect for Inclusive Diversity in Education" (P.R.I.D.E.)<ref>[https://www.trincoll.edu/multicultural-affairs/p-r-i-d-e-program/ Trinity College P.R.I.D.E. Program]</ref>.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==See also==
*[[Liberal indoctrination]]
*[[Identity politics]]
*[[Toxic masculinity]]
*[[Misandry]]
*[[Sexual discrimination]]
*[[Gender norming]]

[[Category:liberalism]][[Category:Liberal Traits]][[Category:deceit]][[Category:politics]][[Category:Education]][[Category:Biden Junta]][[Category:internet]][[Category:Video Games]][[Category:movies]]

Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion

2024-07-22T23:36:08Z

Cazle:

'''Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI)''', is a left-leaning buzz-phrase used to justify the racial or sexual exclusion of certain ethnicities/gender on the basis that said ethnicities/gender are not a part of a minority group. It is a list of policies whose effects include but are not limited to:
* the removal of Gingers, people with red/red-aubern hair from various existing media including [[Video games]] and [[movies]]<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt5971474/ The Little Mermaid (2023)]</ref><ref>[https://www.eviemagazine.com/post/why-are-redheads-being-erased-in-media Evie: Why Are Redheads Being Erased In Media?]</ref>
* exclusion of [[asian]]s from Universities, and other places of higher education and/or a restriction of grants based solely on the premise<ref>https://www.apa.org/monitor/2021/07/jn</ref><ref>https://studentsforfairadmissions.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/SFFA-UT-Fed-Complaint-Filed-July-2020.pdf</ref><ref>https://studentsforfairadmissions.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/SFFA-v.-Harvard-Complaint.pdf</ref>
* exclusion of [[Europe#Ethnic_groups|caucasion]]s from certain job industries, especially those related to film and advertising<ref>https://thecrankycreative.com/what-happened-to-white-people-in-tv-commercials/</ref>
* exclusion of [[male]]s from formal discourse, on the basis of "toxicity"
* new and "inclusive" gender-ambiguous "female" characters, whose creators have admitted were "toned down" to pander to [[transvestite]]s<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xc1PohWSLb8</ref>
* companies removing and/or replacing out-spoken, innovative, consciously moral females with females who promote "the message"<ref>[[Gina Carano]]</ref>
* the creation of explicitly racist [[Wikipedia]] pages such as the one entitled ''"White Americans"''<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_Americans&oldid=1212401599</ref>
etc...

==Modern Era==

Due to backlash, there has been a concerted effort to rephrase DEI as {{Cquote|'''''Benchmarking Race, Inclusion, and Diversity in Global Engagement (BRIDGE)'''''<ref>[https://socialimpact.com/bridge/ Social Impact: BRIDGE]</ref>}}
and less prominently in education as "Promoting Respect for Inclusive Diversity in Education" (P.R.I.D.E.)<ref>[https://www.trincoll.edu/multicultural-affairs/p-r-i-d-e-program/ Trinity College P.R.I.D.E. Program]</ref>.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==See also==
*[[Liberal indoctrination]]
*[[Identity politics]]
*[[Toxic masculinity]]
*[[Misandry]]
*[[Sexual discrimination]]
*[[Gender norming]]

[[Category:liberalism]][[Category:Liberal Traits]][[Category:deceit]][[Category:politics]][[Category:Education]][[Category:Biden Junta]][[Category:internet]][[Category:Video Games]][[Category:movies]]

Category:Courts

2024-07-22T21:30:31Z

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[[Category:Judicial]]

Untouchables

2024-07-21T23:22:13Z

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'''Untouchables''' are at the very bottom of the [[Indian]] [[caste system]]. They are people who, under the system, should not be touched because they are undesirable. According to the [[Indian]] [[caste system]], Good [[karma]] enables a person to improve his or her caste in the next life (see [[reincarnation]]). Today, caste [[discrimination]] is illegal in [[India]] but still persists in rural areas.

Untouchables may also be found in other parts of the world. Examples include Gypsies in Europe, and Burakumin (部落身) in Japan, among others.

==See also==
* [[Brahmin]]s—priests and scholars
* [[Kshatriya]] -- [[warrior]]s and [[noble]]s
* [[Vaishya]] -- [[merchant]]s and [[farmer]]s
* [[Shudra]]—artisans and those of the [[serf]] class.

[[Category:Hinduism]]
[[Category:Society]]

Recording industry

2024-07-15T03:47:05Z

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#REDIRECT [[Motion picture]]

White collar

2024-07-11T20:34:53Z

Cazle: Created page with "''White collar'' work refers to office employment and any clandestine position that does not require the use of heavy physical activity or special operative equipment. <ref> M..."

''White collar'' work refers to office employment and any clandestine position that does not require the use of heavy physical activity or special operative equipment. <ref> Main Entry: white–col·lar
Pronunciation: \ˈhwīt-ˈkä-lər, ˈwīt-\
Function: adjective
Date: 1920
: of, relating to, or constituting the class of salaried employees whose duties do not call for the wearing of work clothes or protective clothing</ref><ref>(Oxford English Dictionary)
white-collar, n. and a.
orig. U.S.
A. n.
a. (As two words.) A white collar regarded as characteristic of a man engaged in non-manual work.
1919 U. SINCLAIR Brass Check xiii. 78 "It is a fact with which every union workingman is familiar, that his most bitter despisers are the petty underlings of the business world, the poor office-clerks..who, because they are allowed to wear a white collar.., regard themselves as members of the capitalist class."</ref>

== See also ==
*[[Blue collar]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

Blue collar

2024-07-11T19:25:44Z

Cazle: Created page with "''Blue collar'' work refers to manual labor.<ref> January 1924, The Times (Alden, IA), pg. 4, col. 4: BLUE COLLAR JOBS (...) "If we may call professions and office positions w..."

''Blue collar'' work refers to manual labor.<ref> January 1924, The Times (Alden, IA), pg. 4, col. 4:
BLUE COLLAR JOBS
(...)
"If we may call professions and office positions white collar jobs, we may call the trades blue collar jobs."</ref>
== See also ==
*[[White collar]]
== References ==
{{reflist}}

Modern medicine

2024-07-11T19:15:32Z

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#REDIRECT [[Medicine]]

Mickey Mouse

2024-07-07T18:54:35Z

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[[File:Mickey Mouse 1928.png|right|500px|thumb|Mickey Mouse from a 1928 poster]]
'''Mickey Mouse''' is the mascot and main character of the [[Walt Disney]] Corporation.

Mickey Mouse originated in 1928 in "[[Steamboat Willie]]", which debuted on Nov. 18, 1928, as the first animated cartoon with talking characters.

On January 1, 2024, Disney's copyright on the original Mickey Mouse expired, previously, Disney would lobby for and obtain a 20-year extension as it did in 1998 under the guise of the Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act.<ref>https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2019/01/a-whole-years-worth-of-works-just-fell-into-the-public-domain/</ref>

On January 1, 2024, Mickey Mouse entered the public domain. Shortly after that, it was revealed that a horror game and two horror movies are in development.
== References ==
<references/>
[[Category:Walt Disney Characters]]
[[Category:Disney]]
[[Category:Fictional mice]]

Monsters, Inc.

2024-07-02T19:50:45Z

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'''''Monsters, Inc.''''' is a 2001 animated film by Pixar starring John Goodman as James P. Sullivan "Sully" and [[Billy Crystal]] as Mike Wazowski. The film takes place in the city of Monstropolis, inhabited by monsters. The Monsters use the screams of children for energy, with Sully working as one of the scarers, and is the top performer. As a human child gets stuck in the Monster's world, and Sully discovers her, its up to Mike and him to save her, as the monsters see her as a threat. As the movie progresses they learn they are kidnapping Boo in order to extract her screams, and the kidnappers are just [[Crony capitalism|crony capitalists]]. They then banish Sully and Mike, in order to hide their crime. However the heroes return to not only save Boo but the corporation itself after learning they can use the kids laughter which is more powerful then screams for energy.

[[Category:Movies]]
[[Category:Animated Movies]]
[[Category:Greatest Conservative Movies]]

Trump v. United States

2024-07-01T19:40:00Z

Cazle:

'''Trump v. United States''', Sup. Ct. No. 23-939 (July 1, 2024), is the landmark decision by the [[U.S. Supreme Court]] against prosecuting any ex-president, namely [[Donald Trump]], for any official acts. The decision leaves open the possibility of prosecuting ex-presidents for conduct that is not part of their official duties as president.<ref>https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/23pdf/23-939_e2pg.pdf</ref>

The majority decision was 6-3, as written by Chief Justice [[John Roberts]] who held:
{{cquote|Congress cannot act on, and courts cannot examine, the President's actions on subjects within his conclusive and preclusive constitutional authority. It follows that an Act of Congress either a specific one targeted at the President or a generally applicable one may not criminalize the President's actions within his exclusive constitutional power. Neither may the courts adjudicate a criminal prosecution that examines such Presidential actions. We thus conclude that the President is [[absolute immunity|absolutely immune]] from criminal prosecution for conduct within his exclusive sphere of constitutional authority.}}
''Trump v. United States'', No. 23-939, 2024 U.S. LEXIS 2886, at *28 (July 1, 2024).

The Court then defined the scope of application of this [[absolute immunity]] very broadly:
{{cquote|And some Presidential conduct for example, speaking to and on behalf of the American people, see ''Trump v. Hawaii'', 585 U. S. 667, 701 (2018) certainly can qualify as official even when not obviously connected to a particular constitutional or statutory provision. For those reasons, the immunity we have recognized '''''extends to the outer perimeter of the President's official responsibilities''''', covering actions so long as they are not manifestly or palpably beyond [his] authority. ''Blassingame v. Trump'', 87 F. 4th 1, 13 (CADC 2023) (internal quotation marks omitted); see ''Fitzgerald'', 457 U. S., at 755-756 (noting that we have refused to draw functional lines finer than history and reason would support).

In dividing official from unofficial conduct, '''''courts may not inquire into the President's motives'''''. Such an inquiry would risk exposing even the most obvious instances of official conduct to judicial examination on the mere allegation of improper purpose, thereby intruding on the Article II interests that immunity seeks to protect. Indeed, [i]t would seriously cripple the proper and effective administration of public affairs as entrusted to the executive branch of the government if [i]n exercising the functions of his office, the President was under an apprehension that the motives that control his official conduct may, at any time, become the subject of inquiry. Fitzgerald, 457 U. S., at 745 (quoting ''Spalding v. Vilas'', 161 U. S. 483, 498 (1896)). We thus rejected such inquiries in ''Fitzgerald''. The plaintiff there contended that he was dismissed from the Air Force for retaliatory reasons. See 457 U. S., at 733-741, 756. The Air Force responded that the reorganization that led to Fitzgerald's dismissal was undertaken to promote efficiency. Ibid. Because under Fitzgerald's theory an inquiry into the President's motives could not be avoided, we rejected the theory, observing that [i]nquiries of this kind could be highly intrusive. Id., at 756. [B]are allegations of malice should not suffice to subject government officials either to the costs of trial or to the burdens of broad-reaching discovery. ''Harlow v. Fitzgerald'', 457 U. S. 800, 817-818 (1982).

'''''Nor may courts deem an action unofficial merely because it allegedly violates a generally applicable law'''''.}}
''Trump v. United States'', No. 23-939, 2024 U.S. LEXIS 2886, at *40-42 (July 1, 2024) (emphasis added).

Justice [[Amy Coney Barrett]] disagreed with one aspect of Roberts' opinion, and she concurred separately on that point which no other justice joined. Justice [[Clarence Thomas]] also concurred separately to question the legitimacy of the office of the special counsel, headed by [[Jack Smith]], that perpetrates with unlimited funding the politically motivated prosecutions of [[Trump]].

Strident dissents by the three [[liberal]] Justices falsely assert that this Court decision renders Trump "above the law."
== Reaction ==
Trump responded with:
{{cquote|"BIG WIN FOR OUR CONSTITUTION AND DEMOCRACY. PROUD TO BE AN AMERICAN!"<ref>https://truthsocial.com/@realDonaldTrump/112711754312482501</ref>}}
Professor Jonathan Turley posted on [[X.com|X]]:
{{cquote|Note this language:
Whenever the President and Vice President discuss their official responsibilities, they engage in official conduct. Presiding over the January 6 certification proceeding at which Members of Congress count the electoral votes is a constitutional and statutory duty of the Vice President. Art. II, §1, cl. 3; Amdt. 12; 3 U.S.C. §15. The indictment’s allegations that Trump attempted to pressure the Vice President to take particular acts in connection with his role at the certification proceeding thus involve official conduct, and Trump is at least presumptively immune from prosecution for such conduct.<ref>https://x.com/JonathanTurley/status/1807785631629598739</ref>}}

== References ==
{{reflist}}
[[category:Donald Trump]]
[[category:United States Supreme Court Cases]]
[[Category:election interference]]

Human rights

2024-06-30T22:08:59Z

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[[File:Judge-2-6-1897.jpg|thumb|370px|[[Columbia]] (the American people) reaches out to help oppressed Cuba in 1897 while Uncle Sam (the US Government) is blind. ''Judge'' magazine, Feb. 6, 1897]]
'''Human rights''' are the basic [[rights]] and [[freedom]]s to which all humans are endowed by their [[Creator]] with. [[Socialist]] systems, many of which are built on [[atheism]] as a foundational precept, tend to deny basic human rights in favor of a [[collectivism|collective]] [[dictatorship]].

== Christianity and human rights ==

See: [[Christianity and human rights]]

==2008==
"The year 2008 was characterized by three trends: a growing worldwide demand for greater personal and political freedom, governmental efforts to push back on those freedoms, and further confirmation that human rights flourish best in participatory democracies with vibrant civil societies." On the downside, "pushback against demands for greater personal and political freedom continued in many countries. A disturbing number of countries imposed burdensome, restrictive, or repressive laws and regulations against NGOs [non-governmental non-profit organizations] and the media, including the Internet. Many courageous human rights defenders who peacefully pressed for their own rights and those of their fellow countrymen and women were harassed, threatened, arrested and imprisoned, killed, or were subjected to violent extrajudicial means of reprisal."

At a structural level, "human rights abuses are less a matter of local tyrants and more a symptom of deeper dysfunctions within political systems. The most serious human rights abuses came in countries where unaccountable rulers wielded unchecked power or there was government failure or collapse, often exacerbated or caused by internal or external conflict."<ref>U.S. State Department [http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2008/frontmatter/118984.htm 2008 Report]</ref>

==European history==
The [[English Bill of Rights]] of 1689 was the world's first major declaration of rights, and it influenced the American, French and all other declarations.
The [[French Revolution]] adopted a [[Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen‎]] in 1789.

In the 19th century the concept spread rapidly through Europe and the colonial empires. Prime Minister [[William Gladstone]], based British foreign policy in the late 19th century on opposition to violations of human rights, especially in the [[Ottoman Empire]].
==American History==
The [[Declaration of Independence]] of the United States in 1776 proclaimed that all people are "endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness."

The American [[Bill of Rights]] of 1789 was based on the [[English Bill of Rights]] of 1689.

[[George Washington]] in his 1796 [[Farewell Address]] warned against foreign alliances and suggested the American mission to bring liberty to the world would be best served by avoiding wars, perfecting [[republicanism]] at home, and becoming a model for the world. Indeed, there were no foreign entanglements until 1917.

There was a strong sense—which continues to this day—that a major American mission is to spread democracy in the world, with the belief that democratic governments will avoid abuses of human rights.

In the late 19th century Americans paid more and more attention to human rights abuses abroad. The [[Irish Catholics]] were especially angry at British refusal to allow for the independence of Ireland. [[American Jews]] were alarmed at the murderous pogroms of Jews in Russia. All Americans were angered by the brutal Spanish suppression of freedom movements in Cuba; this anger directly caused the [[Spanish American War]] in 1898, which resulted in a small American empire. In each case Americans argued that the denial of democracy was the root cause of the human rights abuses.
[[File:Belgium-ww1.JPG|thumb|210px|left|American disgust with German violations of human rights in occupied Belgium was a reason for entering World War I]]
American were outraged by German brutality in Belgium in 1914, and by the German sinking of an unarmed passenger liner the ''"[[Lusitania]]"'' in 1915. President [[Woodrow Wilson]] forced the Germans to abandon attacks on merchant ships—and when Germany resumed in 1917, he asked Congress for a declaration of war. Americans were aghast at the Turkish slaughter of Armenians—the [[Armenian Genocide]] of 1915; for a while in 1919 there was talk of making Armenia an American protectorate, but nothing came of that.

Meanwhile, Wilson was outraged at the extreme violations of human rights and democracy in Mexico, and intervened in the civil war raging there. The intervention ended in 1916 as the greater crisis of German threats was at hand.

Promoting [[Wilsonianism]] as the expression of American idealism in world affairs, especially regarding democracy and human rights,<ref>the Term "human rights" was not commonly used before 1945.</ref> Wilson promulgated the idealistic principles of the [[Fourteen Points]], and at the [[Paris Peace Conference]] in 1919 he exerted enormous influence to lead the world to democracy and a [[League of Nations]] that would prevent wars and promote democracy. He succeeded in part, and the LEague was created, but the U.S. Senate rejected the League and the U.S. never joined.

When Japan seized Manchuria in 1931 the U.S. refused to recognize the conquest. American sympathy was strongly on the side of the Chinese, thanks to Christian missionaries and publicists such as [[Pearl Buck]] and [[Henry Luce]]'s [[Time]] magazine. When Japan launched a full-scale war in China in 1937, the U.S. funded the Chinese resistance, supplies arms, and even sent in an air force—the "Flying Tigers" under General [[Claire Chennault]]—to fight the Japanese invasion. President Roosevelt refused to compromise with the Japanese, and cut off their oil supplies in 1941 so they could no longer make war. They responded with a desperate attack on the United States and the British Empire that ended in total disaster for Japan. At the war's end the U.S. took over Japan with the goal of systematically creating a democratic nation, and succeeded under the leadership of General [[Douglas MacArthur]].
===Cold War===
===Human rights in the Soviet Union===
===Carter's over-emphasis===
President [[Jimmy Carter]] made human rights central to his foreign policy. This had the effect of ratcheting up pressure on the Soviet Union, especially after the [[Soviet-Afghan War|invasion of Afghanistan in 1979.]] However it also led to a disaster in [[History of Iran|Iran]], where Carter allowed pro-American Shah to collapse because he had a poor record on human rights. Americans were horrified to discover see the Shah's militant replacements were far more brutal regarding human rights, and were violently anti-American as well. The net result of Carter's policies was a loss of human rights by millions of friends of the U.S.
===Reagan's policies===
===Clinton and Bush===

==Post World War II==
In the 20th century, secular concepts of human rights proliferated: the Universal Declaration of Human Rights; the American Convention on Human Rights; the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights; the European Convention of Human Rights; various UN conferences' declarations on the environment, economic development, AIDS, and other topics; and the Geneva Conventions and their additional protocols.

In 1948, the [[United Nations]] issued the [[Universal Declaration of Human Rights]], '''UDHR,''' a list of human rights they deem inherent and inviolable.<ref>https://www.un.org/Overview/rights.html</ref> This document contains thirty articles listing about fifty rights. It was developed by the Canadian and French delegations, with input from the American delegate [[Eleanor Roosevelt]]. At the time the UN Declaration was ratified by its members, it was hailed by Americans as a major advancement in the cause of liberty.

The Universal Declaration provides:
:Article 29 (2) In the exercise of his rights and freedoms, everyone shall be subject only to such limitations as are determined by law solely for the purpose of securing due recognition and respect for the rights and freedoms of others and of meeting the just requirements of morality, public order and the general welfare in a democratic society. (3) These rights and freedoms may in no case be exercised contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations.

The first International Conference on Human Rights was held in Tehran, Iran, in 1968. A powerful bloc of Asian, African, and Arab states successfully asserted their control over the UN Human Rights Program. Their aggressive conference diplomacy was the culmination of a major transition in UN politics, with supposedly Western notions of individual freedom rejected in favor of an agenda that privileged economic modernization and the collective rights of peoples in Third World nations over those of individuals in those nations. Twenty years after the iconic image of [[Eleanor Roosevelt]] holding the [[Universal Declaration of Human Rights]], the residual elements of the program she presided over were repudiated in a storm of insistent demands from the new anti-colonial order.<ref>Burke (2008)</ref>

The UDHR implicitly asserted that human rights are superior to notions of state sovereignty and called for the imposing of moral standards across the globe. These notions of universal human rights derive in part from [[Wilsonianism]]—the efforts of President [[Woodrow Wilson]] after World War I. They were reiterated in 2002 by President [[George W. Bush]] in his refusal to recognize Iraqi sovereignty and his efforts to impose a new democratic system of governance upon Iraq, and are a component of the [[Neoconservative]] effort to spread democracy in the Middle East, even in places like Iraq and Afghanistan. The UN has supported this program, but the high cost has troubled Americans.

Liberals, however, have abused the term human rights to promote far-left agendas such as the promotion of [[homosexuality]], with a particularly infamous example being Obama's trip to Kenya. Likewise, [[Jimmy Carter]]'s platform on human rights resulted in Iran being taken over by [[Ayatollah Khomeini]] and the country committing even worse human rights abuses than under the [[Shah of Iran]].

===India===
Deeply influenced by the UN's 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the Indian constitution provides for a host of rights, including the right of equality, cultural and religious freedoms, and the right to education. Discrimination based on race, caste, gender, birthplace, and religion was subsequently outlawed. Yet, political and social realities have intruded. Because of India's multiplicity of religious and ethnic groups, each with their own traditions and beliefs, and the complex interplay between these groups, the principles contained in the constitution have not always been followed in practice.

===Helsinki Accords===
The European Convention of Human Rights, implemented in 1953, led later to the 1975 Final Act of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe ('''[[Helsinki Accords]]'''). This document guaranteed the postwar borders of European states, the peaceful settlement of disputes, and respect for human rights. It regulated the principles of economic, scientific, and technological cooperation and provided for the exchange of printed, film, and televised information.

The Helsinki Accords were used by human rights activists and the Reagan Administration to pressure the Soviet Union to relax some of its totalitarianism, and to allow the escape of Soviet Jews. [[Mikhail Gorbachev]] finally unleashed "glasnost" and "perestroika" that energized human rights activists and led to the collapse of Communism in Europe, 1989–91.

==State Department==
Because the promotion of human rights is an important national interest, the United States seeks to:<ref>See [http://www.state.gov/g/drl/hr/ State Department website]</ref>
*Hold governments accountable to their obligations under universal human rights norms and international human rights instruments;
*Promote greater respect for human rights, including freedom from torture, freedom of expression, press freedom, women's rights, children's rights, and the protection of minorities;
*Promote the rule of law, seek accountability, and change cultures of impunity;
*Assist efforts to reform and strengthen the institutional capacity of the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights and the UN Commission on Human Rights; and
*Coordinate human rights activities with important allies, including the EU, and regional organizations.

==Country reports==
Since 1999 the U.S. State Department has issued Country Reports on the status of human rights around the globe.
===China===

''See also:'' [[Atheism and human rights violations]]

[[China]] is controlled by the Communist Party and its human rights record in 2008 remained poor and worsened in some areas. The government increased its severe cultural and religious repression of ethnic minorities in Tibetan areas and the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region (XUAR), increased detention and harassment of dissidents and petitioners, and maintained tight controls on freedom of speech and the Internet. Abuses peaked around high-profile events, such as the Olympics and the unrest in Tibet. As in previous years, citizens did not have the right to change their government. Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), both local and international, continued to face intense scrutiny and restrictions. Other serious human rights abuses included extrajudicial killings, torture and coerced confessions of prisoners, and the use of forced labor, including prison labor. Workers cannot choose an independent union to represent them in the workplace, and the law does not protect workers' right to strike.<ref>See [http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2008/eap/119037.htm 2008 Report]</ref>

===Russia===
Russia is no longer Communist, but it is increasingly an authoritarian state where democracy is weak. It has an increasingly centralized political system, with power concentrated in the hands of [[Vladimir Putin]] and his choices for top offices. International observers concluded that the December 2007 State Duma election (for parliament) was not fair, and neither was the March 2, 2008, election for president.

Human rights problems and abuses continued in 2008, though at a far lower level than the days of Communism (which ended in 1991). Putin's human rights record remained poor in the North Caucasus, where governments in Ingushetiya and Dagestan faced increased opposition from disaffected social groups and insurgencies, and the Chechen government forcibly reined in the Islamist insurgency that replaced the separatist insurgency as the main source of conflict. Russian security forces engaged in killings, torture, abuse, violence, and other brutal or humiliating treatment. In [[Chechnya]], Ingushetiya, and Dagestan, security forces were involved in unlawful killings and politically motivated kidnappings. Chechen President Kadyrov continued his repressive control as federal forces withdrew. Federal and local security forces in Chechnya targeted families of suspected insurgents with impunity, and Kadyrov's private militia allegedly engaged in kidnapping and torture.<ref>see [http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2008/eur/119101.htm Country Report 2008]</ref>

Pressure from Putin's regime weakened freedom of expression and media independence, particularly of the major television networks. Five journalists were assassinated in 2008. As some print and Internet media reflected a widening range of views, the government restricted media freedom through direct ownership of media outlets, pressuring the owners of major media outlets to abstain from critical coverage, and harassing and intimidating journalists into practicing self-censorship. Local governments limited freedom of assembly, and police sometimes used violence to prevent groups from engaging in peaceful protest. The government limited freedom of association. The government restricted religious groups in some regions, and there were incidents of societal discrimination, harassment, and violence against religious minorities, including anti-Semitism.<ref>see [http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2008/eur/119101.htm Country Report 2008]</ref>

== Atheism and human rights violations ==

See: [[Atheism and human rights violations]]

==See also==
* [[American Empire]]
* [[Declaration of the Rights of Women]], French Revolution (1791)
* [[Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen]], French Revolution (1789)
* [[Declaration of Rights and Sentiments]] American women, (1848)
* [[Declaration of Independence]] U.S. (1776)

==Further reading==
* Burke, Roland. "From Individual Rights to National Development: the First UN International Conference on Human Rights, Tehran, 1968," ''Journal of World History'' 2008 19(3): 275–296, in [[EBSCO]]
* Devine, Carol et al. ''Human Rights: The Essential Reference'' (1999) [http://www.questia.com/library/book/human-rights-the-essential-reference-by-carol-devine-carol-rae-hansen.jsp online edition]
* Langley, Winston E. ''Encyclopedia of Human Rights Issues since 1945'' (1999) [http://www.questia.com/read/111443595?title=Encyclopedia%20of%20Human%20Rights%20Issues%20since%201945 online edition]
* Smith, Tony. ''America's Mission the United States and the Worldwide Struggle for Democracy of the Twentieth Century'' (1994) [https://www.amazon.com/Americas-Mission-Tony-Smith/dp/069104466X/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1256732684&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
===Primary sources===
* U.S. State Department. [http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/ Country Reports], annual since 1999
* UN. ''Human Rights: A Compilation of International Instruments - Vol. 1 pt. 1'' (2002) by Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights Geneva; [http://www.questia.com/SM.qst?act=adv&contributors=Office%20of%20the%20United%20Nations%20High%20Commissioner%20for%20Human%20Rights%20Geneva&dcontributors=Office%20of%20the%20United%20Nations%20High%20Commissioner%20for%20Human%20Rights%20Geneva online edition]
====References====
<references/>

==External links==
*[https://www.thenewamerican.com/reviews/opinion/item/29767-who-determines-universal-values Who Determines 'Universal Values'?] by Pat Buchanan, August 10, 2018.

[[Category:Human Rights]]
[[Category:Political Terms]]

User:La75

2024-06-27T02:28:12Z

Cazle:

A '''Libertárius Párt'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://part.libertariusok.hu/program |title=A LIBERTÁRIUSOK programja |accessdate=}}</ref>, (röviden '''LIBERTÁRIUSOK''') egy [[Jobboldal|jobboldali]], [[Libertarianizmus|libertárius]] párt [[Magyarország|Magyarországon]]. A főként egyetemistákat és fiatalokat tömörítő mozgalom 2022-ben alakult, de már korábban, hazai elődje, a Le az Adók 75%-ával Párt (LA75) által 2021-ben indított, '''Tömeges Üzletnyitás'''<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.facebook.com/tomegesuzletnyitas |title=Tömeges Üzletnyitás Facebook oldala |accessdate=}}</ref> programja révén vált nemzetközileg<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/hungarian-restaurant-workers-protest-lockdown-restrictions-capital-tool-civil-disobedience-workers-protesters-b1795448.html |title=Az Independent beszámolója a LA75 hősök terei eseményéről |accessdate=}}</ref> is ismertté. Alapítója és elnöke 2022 óta [[Gábori L. Balázs]], aki a Tömeges Üzletnyitás akcióban és az azt követő politikai háttérmunkában, mint a LA75 Pártigazgatója meghatározó részt vállalt. 2022 tavaszára megszervezte a Libertárius Mozgalmat, majd a Libertárius Pártot teljesen civil szervezeti alapokon, libertárius aktivistákkal közösen megalakította. A párt tagjai számos társadalom-filozófiai irányzatot képviselnek. Az alapító, Gábori L. Balázs a klasszikus liberalizmus szellemiségét képviseli. A párt alakulásakor a [https://egyesulet.libertariusok.hu Libertárius Mozgalom Egyesület] által közzé tett [https://egyesulet.libertariusok.hu/LIMO_Erteknyilatkozat.pdf Társadalmi Értéknyilatkozat] eszmeiségében „[https://part.libertariusok.hu/LIBERTARIUSOK_Fundamentumok.pdf fundamentumok]” megnevezéssel politikai deklarációt bocsátottak ki. A Libertárius Párt célul tűzte ki a Libertárius Mozgalom Kormányának megalakítását és a [https://part.libertariusok.hu/program Szabad Magyarország Program] kormányprogrammá emelését.

== Története ==

=== XIX. századi klasszikus magyar liberalizmus ===
A magyar libertarizmus történeti értelemben a XIX. század első felében, a [[Reformkor|reformkori]] klasszikus liberalizmusban formálódott ki, és politikai csúcspontját 1848-49-ben, a magyar polgári államalapításban érte el, amely előbb önrendelkezéssel bíró, utóbb független államiságot eredményezett. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ellenpropaganda.hu/balla-antal-a-mindenhato-allam/ |title=Kossuth Lajostól |accessdate=}}</ref> számos idézet igazolja a korabeli gondolkodást a szabadságról: "Nincs semmi ami kártékonyabban hatna egy nemzet politikai erkölcsiségére, mint a hivatalt osztogató kormánypatronázs mértéktelen kiterjesztése.” (...) „Oly forrása ez a nemzet elrohasztásának, amely elegendő arra, hogy a még különben bölcsen vezetett demokráciában is az erkölcsök megmérgeztessenek…” (...)„Azok a nemzetek a legboldogabbak – írja máshol – melyek legkevésbé kormányoztatnak. … Erős kormány: gyámság, s akinek gyámja van, ha nem hülye, hát kiskorú.” Hosszútávú hatalmi működése ténylegesen 1867, a kiegyezés után következett be, ahol is kompromisszumosan ugyan, de realizálta mindazokat a polgári jogi intézményeket, amelyeket a piac nagyobb mértékű szabadsága és a parlamentáris rendszer lehetősége megnyitott.

=== Politikai előzmények ===

Az első magyarországi libertárius párt, a LA75 alapítását Ecsenyi Áron parlamenti akciója <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://444.hu/2019/03/18/dulakodas-a-parlamentben-megvette-a-latogatojegyet-aztan-a-kupolateremben-maganyos-tuntetesbe-kezdett-egy-ferfi |title=Dulakodás volt a Parlamentben |accessdate=}}</ref> előzte meg, amikor az európai szinten is kirívóan magas adók ellen tiltakozólag látogatói jeggyel bement az Országházba, és matricákat ragasztott ki. A pártot 2019-ben regisztrálta a Cégbíróság a [https://birosag.hu/civil-szervezetek-nevjegyzeke Civil Szervezetek Névjegyzékébe.] A médiában az előd szervezetet, a LA75-öt a '''Tömeges Üzletnyitás''' programjuk tette a híressé. 2021 januárjában Európa-szerte tiltakozások robbantak ki a járványhelyzetet üzletek nyitvatartásával korlátozó kormányzati rendeletek ellen. A legtöbb országban libertáriusok és jobboldaliak karolták fel az ügyet, és arra biztatták az üzleteket, hogy a rendeletek ellenére polgári engedetlenséget tanúsítva nyissanak ki. Itthon a '''LA75''' a Facebookon hírdette meg a programot, és ebből a célból a lengyel példa alapján saját térképet<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://web.la75.hu/uzletnyitas |title=A LA75 térképe a február 1-jén kinyitást tervező üzletekről |accessdate=}}</ref> is csinált a kinyitó üzleteket feltüntetve. Mivel a térképre gyakorlatilag bárki feltölthette az üzletét, és az üzletek tulajdonosai bármikor elállhattak a szándékaiktól, ezért a megbízhatóságát számos kritika érte<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://azonnali.hu/cikk/20210131_hetfon-mar-nyitnanak-vasarnap-meg-tuntettek-a-zarasok-ellen |title=Ecsenyi Áron szerint sem megbízható a térkép |accessdate=}}</ref>. A kormány a nyitási hullámra még súlyosabb büntetések kilátásba helyezésével reagált.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://noizz.hu/most/szigoritott-a-kormany-kemeny-buntetes-var-az-engedely-nelkul-kinyito-vendeglatosokra/4n5p09c |title=Szigorított a kormány: kemény büntetés vár az engedély nélkül kinyitó vendéglátósokra |accessdate=}}</ref> Ennek ellenére a '''LA75''' mind január 31-ére, mind február 1-jére eseményt jelentett be a Hősök-terére, hogy bátorítsa a tulajdonosokat a kinyitásra. Az eseménynek óriási médiavisszhangja lett, még a nemzetközi sajtó is beszámolt róla. A '''LA75''' párt két tagját, Ecsenyi Áront és testvérét, a két gyermekes családapát Ecsenyi Szilárdot összesen 3,5 milliós forintra büntették a szervezés és gyűlés megtartása miatt. Az eseményt követően a többi ellenzéki párt is szorgalmazni kezdte a kinyitást valamint a kormány új intézkedéseket jelentett be. Ígéretet tettek az oltási kapacitás bővítésére<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.napi.hu/magyar_gazdasag/igy-nez-ki-a-magyar-kormany-tomeges-oltasi-terve.722722.html |title=A kormány tömeges oltási tervet dolgozott ki 2021 február elején |accessdate=}}</ref>, az elmaradt bértámogatások azonnali kifizetésére <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://magyarnemzet.hu/gazdasag/mentoov-a-vendeglatoiparnak-elore-jar-a-bertamogatas-9316499/ |title=Előre utalná a kormány a februári bértámogatásokat |accessdate=}}</ref>és [[Orbán Viktor]] miniszterelnök nemzeti konzultációt jelentett be a nyitással kapcsolatban.

Ecsenyi Áront, a 2021-es ellenzéki pártok egy részével szervezett [[2021-es magyarországi ellenzéki előválasztás|előválasztáson]] is regisztrálták, mint a 7. miniszterelnök-jelöltet, ahonnan Ecsenyi később [https://24.hu/kozelet/2021/08/31/ecsenyi-aron-miniszerelnok-jelolt-elovalasztas-visszalepes/ visszalépett].

== Ideológiai háttere ==

A libertárius ideológiák az [[angolszász országok]] hagyományában ([[Angol polgárháború|Angol Polgári Forradalom]], [[Amerikai függetlenségi háború|Amerikai Függetlenségi Háború]]) váltak meghatározóvá a polgári felvilágosodással. Alapelveik szerint csak akkor lehet az egyén szabad, ha az állam nem korlátozza a piac működését, és nem akarja politikai akarat alá rendelni az egyén döntését. Itthon '''Seres László''' újságíró kezdte el népszerűsíteni a [[Rendszerváltás Magyarországon|rendszerváltás]] után. A libertáriusok ellene vannak az állami újraelosztásnak, [[Szocializmus|szocializmusnak]], paternalizmusnak, [[Fasizmus|fasizmusnak]], valamint bármilyen [[Demokrácia (politikai rendszer)|demokratikusan]] kikényszerített döntéshozatalnak.

== Pártprogram ==

A '''Libertárius Párt''' célkitűzései között szerepel az állami szolgáltatások nagy részének leépítése és az azok finanszírozását lehetővé tevő [https://part.libertariusok.hu adórendszer felszámolása]. Ennek megfelelően nagy fokú piacosítást terveznek az egészségügyben, az oktatásban, a sport és kultúra finanszírozásban és a nyugdíjrendszerben is. Ezek jelentős részét kivennék az állami finanszírozás alól. Ezen felül számos koncessziót és piactorzító szabályozást megszüntetnének, beleértve a minimálbér rendszert. Mint libertáriusok, elkötelezett hívei a szólásszabadságnak és a szabad fegyvertartásnak is. Európai összehasonlításban [[Svájc]] berendezkedése (alacsony adók, szabad fegyvertartás, piaci szabadság) áll hozzájuk a legközelebb, a honlapjukon azonban [[Hongkong|Hongkonggal]] és [[Szingapúr|Szingapúrral]] is példálóznak.

== Jegyzetek ==

== English AutoTranslation ==
The Libertarian Party[1], (in short LIBERTÁRIUSOK) is a right-wing, libertarian party in Hungary. The movement, which mainly gathers university students and young people, was founded in 2022, but had already become international[3] thanks to the Mass Business Opening[2] program launched in 2021 by its domestic predecessor, the Lower Taxes with 75% Party (LA75) made known. Its founder and president since 2022 is L. Balázs Gábori, who took a decisive part in the Mass Store Opening campaign and the subsequent political background work as Party Director of LA75. By the spring of 2022, he organized the Libertarian Movement, and then formed the Libertarian Party entirely on the basis of civil society organizations together with libertarian activists. The members of the party represent many socio-philosophical trends. The founder, Gábori L. Balázs, represents the spirit of classical liberalism. When the party was founded, a political declaration was issued under the name "foundations" based on the Declaration of Social Values published by the Libertarian Movement Association. The Libertarian Party has set itself the goal of forming the Government of the Libertarian Movement and raising the Free Hungary Program to a government program.

Historically speaking, Hungarian libertarianism dates back to the 19th century. it took shape in the first half of the 20th century, in the classical liberalism of the reform era, and reached its political peak in 1848-49, in the founding of the Hungarian bourgeois state, which first resulted in self-determination, then independent statehood. [4] numerous quotes confirm the contemporary thinking about freedom: "There is nothing more harmful to the political morality of a nation than the excessive expansion of government patronage that distributes office." (...) "This is such a source of corruption of the nation that it is enough to poison the morals even in an otherwise wisely led democracy..." (...) "Those nations are the happiest - he writes elsewhere - which govern the least. ... A strong government: guardianship, and whoever has a guardian, if he is not stupid, is a minor." His long-term operation of power actually took place in 1867, after the settlement, where, albeit in a compromise manner, he implemented all the civil law institutions that were opened up by the greater freedom of the market and the possibility of a parliamentary system.
Political history

The founding of the first Hungarian libertarian party, LA75, was preceded by Áron Ecsenyi's parliamentary action [5], when he entered the Parliament with a visitor's ticket and pasted stickers in protest against the outrageously high taxes, even at the European level. The party was registered in the Register of Civil Organizations by the Company Court in 2019. In the media, the predecessor organization, LA75, was made famous by their Mass Store Opening program. In January 2021, protests broke out across Europe against government regulations limiting the opening hours of shops due to the epidemic situation. In most countries, libertarians and right-wingers have embraced the cause, encouraging stores to open in civil disobedience despite the orders. At home, LA75 announced the program on Facebook, and for this purpose, based on the Polish example, it also made its own map[6] showing the opening stores. Since virtually anyone could upload their business to the map, and the owners of the stores could withdraw their intentions at any time, its reliability was criticized by many[7]. The government responded to the wave of openings with the prospect of even more severe penalties.[8] Despite this, LA75 announced events for both January 31st and February 1st at Hősök-ter to encourage the owners to open. The event received enormous media coverage, even the international press reported on it. Two members of the LA75 party, Áron Ecsenyi and his brother, Szilárd Ecsenyi, a father of two children, were fined a total of HUF 3.5 million for organizing and holding the rally. After the event, the other opposition parties also started calling for the opening and the government announced new measures. A promise was made to expand the vaccination capacity[9], to immediately pay the unpaid wage subsidies [10], and Prime Minister Viktor Orbán announced a national consultation regarding the opening.

Áron Ecsenyi was also registered as the 7th Prime Minister candidate in the 2021 primary election organized with some of the opposition parties, from which Ecsenyi later withdrew.
Its ideological background

Libertarian ideologies became dominant in the tradition of the Anglo-Saxon countries (English Civil Revolution, American War of Independence) with the civil enlightenment. According to their basic principles, the individual can only be free if the state does not restrict the operation of the market and does not want to subordinate the individual's decision to political will. At home, journalist László Seres started popularizing it after the regime change. Libertarians are against state redistribution, socialism, paternalism, fascism, and any democratically enforced decision-making.
Party program
Among the goals of the Libertarian Party is the downsizing of most state services and the abolition of the tax system that enables their financing. Accordingly, a large degree of marketization is planned in health care, education, sports and culture financing, and the pension system. A significant part of these would be taken out of state funding. In addition, many concessions and market-distorting regulations, including the minimum wage system, would be eliminated. As libertarians, they are committed supporters of freedom of speech and the freedom to bear arms. In a European comparison, Switzerland's system (low taxes, free gun ownership, market freedom) is the closest to them, but on their website they also use Hong Kong and Singapore as examples.
== References ==
{{reflist}}

Template:Párt infobox

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Religious Freedom

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Cazle:

'''Religious Freedom''', sometimes called "The First Freedom" is one of the fundamental [[Human Rights]] which a government should by universally duty-bound to protect. {{Cquote|Americans are fond of referring to religious freedom as “the first freedom,” and for support of this view like to point to the fact that “the free exercise” of religion is the first freedom mentioned in the First Amendment to the US Constitution, and so has a “firstness” twice over.<ref>https://religiousfreedominstitute.org/2016-6-14-religious-freedom-as-the-first-freedom/</ref>}}

__TOC__

== Catholic Church on Religious Freedom in Dignitatis Humanae ==

At the [[Second Vatican Council]], the Catholic Church reasoned and reflected: "2. This Vatican Council declares that the human person has a right to religious freedom ... The council further declares that the right to religious freedom has its foundation in the very dignity of the human person as this dignity is known through the revealed word of God and by reason itself.(2) This right of the human person to religious freedom is to be recognized in the constitutional law whereby society is governed and thus it is to become a civil right ... It is in accordance with their dignity as persons-that is, beings endowed with reason and free will and therefore privileged to bear personal responsibility-that all men should be at once impelled by nature and also bound by a moral obligation to seek the truth, especially religious truth. They are also bound to adhere to the truth, once it is known, and to order their whole lives in accord with the demands of truth."<ref>https://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_decl_19651207_dignitatis-humanae_en.html</ref>

== References ==

Religious Freedom

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Cazle:

'''Religious Freedom''', sometimes called "The First Freedom" is one of the fundamental [[Human Rights]] which a government should by universally duty-bound to protect. {{Cquote|"Americans are fond of referring to religious freedom as “the first freedom,” and for support of this view like to point to the fact that “the free exercise” of religion is the first freedom mentioned in the First Amendment to the US Constitution, and so has a “firstness” twice over."<ref>https://religiousfreedominstitute.org/2016-6-14-religious-freedom-as-the-first-freedom/</ref>}}

__TOC__

== Catholic Church on Religious Freedom in Dignitatis Humanae ==

At the [[Second Vatican Council]], the Catholic Church reasoned and reflected: "2. This Vatican Council declares that the human person has a right to religious freedom ... The council further declares that the right to religious freedom has its foundation in the very dignity of the human person as this dignity is known through the revealed word of God and by reason itself.(2) This right of the human person to religious freedom is to be recognized in the constitutional law whereby society is governed and thus it is to become a civil right ... It is in accordance with their dignity as persons-that is, beings endowed with reason and free will and therefore privileged to bear personal responsibility-that all men should be at once impelled by nature and also bound by a moral obligation to seek the truth, especially religious truth. They are also bound to adhere to the truth, once it is known, and to order their whole lives in accord with the demands of truth."<ref>https://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_decl_19651207_dignitatis-humanae_en.html</ref>

== References ==

Human rights

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Cazle:

Talk:Mary (mother of Jesus)

2024-06-27T00:31:53Z

Cazle: /* Suggestion for unlocking article */

{{Wikiproject Religion}}

Some '''References''' included in the text like:

↑ Problems with the Mary of Roman Catholicism

↑ The Biblical, Catholic, and Occult View of Mary

↑ Cult of Mary - Part One

↑ Cult of Mary - Part Two

could be offensive to people that venerate the Blessed Virgin Mary.

I feel sorry for that, but we have to respect other's opinion, we have to respect who put those references.
--[[User:Joaquín Martínez]], [[User talk:Joaquín Martínez|talk]] 23:21, 10 May 2007 (EDT)
--[[User:Joaquín Martínez]], [[User talk:Joaquín Martínez|talk]] 21:06, 10 May 2007 (EDT)--[[User:Joaquín Martínez]], [[User talk:Joaquín Martínez|talk]] 20:50, 10 May 2007 (EDT)

::I removed the first source as I found a better Protestant source. Secondly, the "Cult of Mary" articles are from a world wide known Protestant preacher and reflects many Protestants views. I don't think we have to respect Catholics by squelching Protestant views. [[User:Conservative|Conservative]] 20:58, 10 May 2007 (EDT)

For a better understanding I have found a link that explains the Protestant point of view but without offending Catholic faith. See: http://www.eich.com/allan/Catholics%20and%20Protestants%20believe.htm --[[User:Joaquín Martínez]], [[User talk:Joaquín Martínez|talk]] 09:24, 14 May 2007 (EDT)

== Image ==

This is the image of Virgin Mary removed by [[User:Conservative]]:

[[Image:Glory.jpg|left]]

The reason:

Conservative: '''I am sorry but as a protestant I think we need to have more neutral pictures'''.

See history: 21:33, 10 May 2007 Conservative (Talk | contribs) (I am sorry but as a protestant I think we need to have more neutral pictures)

--[[User:Joaquín Martínez]], [[User talk:Joaquín Martínez|talk]] 22:00, 10 May 2007 (EDT)

----

::::::::::Can't we have more neutral pictures that protestants and catholics could agree on. How about another nice madonna picture or a picture of mary at the crucifixion? [[User:Conservative|Conservative]] 22:46, 10 May 2007 (EDT)

[[Image:Ourlady.jpg|left]]

This one also was removed on: 22:44, 10 May 2007 Conservative (Talk | contribs) (can't we have more neutral pictures that protestants and catholics could agree on. how about another nice madonna picture or a picture of mary at the crucifixion.)

--[[User:Joaquín Martínez]], [[User talk:Joaquín Martínez|talk]] 22:50, 10 May 2007 (EDT)

== I don't think the catholic and orthodox views should be put at the very top of the article and the protestant views be put way down at the bottom of the article ==

I don't think the catholic and orthodox views should be put at the very top of the page and the protestant views be put way down at the bottom of the page. This is not a site which has to squelch the protestant view or relegate them to the very bottom of pages. I moved the protestant views closer to the top of the article near the catholic and orthodox views.[[User:Conservative|Conservative]] 21:27, 16 May 2007 (EDT)

== I vote to rename the page (misleading title) ==

Mary was not always a virgin, just when she had Jesus. Mary had other children as well. The title makes it sound like she was always a virgin. Rather I would have something like "Mary (mother of Jesus)" as a title. --[[User:Ymmotrojam|Ymmotrojam]] 00:27, 2 June 2007 (EDT)

==Question==
What does veneration mean?? --[[User:StevenM|Steve]] 18:30, 22 February 2008 (EST)

== "Her" in reference to Mary is capitalized? ==
This highly implies that Mary is at the same rank as Jesus or God. I don't agree with it. Does anyone have a reference or substantiation for capitalizing "her"? [[User:PhyllisS|PhyllisS]] 18:38, 28 August 2009 (EDT)

:Good point. The [[NAB]], the official Catholic Bible version, does not capitalize this pronoun. See, e.g., Luke 1:28 ("Mary said, 'Behold, I am the handmaid of the Lord. May it be done to me according to your word.' Then the angel departed from '''her'''." But I'm not sure modern Bibles capitalize pronouns for Jesus either!--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 18:47, 28 August 2009 (EDT)

::The New American Standard Version actually does capitalize "him" with reference to Jesus, as seen in this snippet of John: http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=John+2&version=NASB I don't know - is the New American STANDARD Version different from the New American Version?

:::Yes, the [[New American Standard Bible]] is a Protestant translation, while the [[New American Bible]] is a Catholic translation. They are completely different despite their confusingly similar names and despite both being published in the early 1970s in almost the same year.--[[User:Aschlafly|Andy Schlafly]] 10:35, 29 August 2009 (EDT)

:::: The point is that the only persons whose personal pronouns some Bibles capitalize is God/Christ, and elevating Mary to that level is most certainly a POV, and not a Biblical or necessarily a conservative one.

==Locked article too brief and slanted==
As cursory as it is, the article is decidedly slanted to a Catholic position. In particular, the beginning presents as additional names "Blessed Virgin Mary" or "Our Lady" "for Mary the mother of our Lord," but which are Catholic titles, and should be noted as such later on. When it does mention Protestants, it states that "Protestants believe that the veneration of Mary is counter to what the Bible teaches", which is misleading, as it fails to specify the manner of veneration which Protestants protest, and that this is more of a mark of [[Evangelicals]], who seek to go by the Bible above all, rather than that of Protestant in [[liberal Christianity]].

Doctrinally, the reasons for this division are multiple, as not one example exist in the Bible where any believer ever prayed to anyone in Heaven but the Lord, nor is there any exhortation to pray to anyone else (while praying to the Queen of Heaven is shown to be a pagan practice). Nor is there any need to pray to anyone else in Heaven, as the Lord Jesus is presented as the believers immediate and only Heavenly intercessor, (Heb. 7:25) who alone is qualified to be such. (Heb. 4:14,15) As for the logic that since we pray for each other here on earth, then we should pray to the departed in glory, that has less Biblical warrant than holding that marriage exist in Heaven between believers. (Mt. 23:29,30) In addition, a marriage in which both remain celibate has no Biblical example, and is contrary to the Lord's description of marriage, (Mt. 19:4,5) while forcing "brethen, including Jesus being "an alien unto my mother's children" (Ps. 69:8) to mean relative is forcing the text, and the article's defense (as well as that of others) of "until" to mean other that an expected terminus is extremely weak. To formulate such doctrines in the absence of any real Biblical warrant and against the evidence we do have is presumptuous.

The article also fails to deal (pro and con) with the R.C. doctrine of Mary being immaculately preserved from sin, and the infallibly declared to be bodily assumption to glory, as well as the disputed appellation "Mother of God." Mary was a holy and noble women, who was used to bring forth the Divine Son of God, who paradoxically, was her creator, and she is not properly called the Mother of God.[[User:Daniel1212|Daniel1212]] 21:34, 10 September 2009 (EDT)

== Outside Christianity ==

I'd like to expand this section with more about Mary in Islam and the association in Buddhism of Mary with Kannon, the bodhisattva of compassion. Would that be possible? [[User:ChrisFV|ChrisFV]] 16:20, 5 November 2009 (EST)

== Her name in Hebrew ==

Her name in Hebrew is: מִרְיָם --[[User:G-B|G-B]] ([[User talk:G-B|talk]]) 16:38, 16 July 2016 (EDT)

== Mark 16:6-7 quotation is false ==

The citation of Mark 16:6-7 "Mary Magdalene, Mary (the mother of '''Jesus'''), and Salome..." (boldface emphasis added) has replaced the name of "James" with "Jesus" instead. This is false. No authenticated extant manuscript text, early or late, of which I am aware places the name of "Jesus" there. --[[User:Dataclarifier|Dataclarifier]] ([[User talk:Dataclarifier|talk]]) 15:59, 3 August 2018 (EDT)
:See biblehub.com site for [http://biblehub.com/multi/mark/16-1.htm multiple versions of Mark 16:1]. None of them has the name of Jesus '''Ίησούν''' in place of James '''Ίακώβου'''. The false quotation from the link to allaboutjesus.org, according to the ref note, cites Mark 16:6-7 as the source. The text quoted references the preparation of spices in Mark 16 which is found only in Mark 16:1. The linked site for the false quote is thus proven to be unreliable as a source and really should be replaced, for the sake of encyclopedic credibility. --[[User:Dataclarifier|Dataclarifier]] ([[User talk:Dataclarifier|talk]]) 03:48, 19 September 2019 (EDT)

== Suggestion for unlocking article ==

I understand why this article may have been locked in the past, however, after doing a cursory reading I have found several minor areas where I could make minimal improvements but cannot due to the article being locked. Is there any chance that it may be unlocked in the future? [[User:Cazle|Cazle]] ([[User talk:Cazle|talk]]) 17:01, June 26, 2024 (EDT)
:Thank you, it should read a little less biased now. [[User:Cazle|Cazle]] ([[User talk:Cazle|talk]]) 20:31, June 26, 2024 (EDT)

Mary (mother of Jesus)

2024-06-27T00:26:19Z

Cazle: /* Marian Prayers */

[[Image:Gerard van Honthorst Nativity.jpg|thumbnail|350px|right|Adoration of the Shepherds by Gerard van Honthorst]]
'''Mary''' is the name of the mother of our Lord, [[Jesus Christ|Jesus of Nazareth]]. In the [[Gospel]] accounts, Jesus was born in [[Bethlehem]] of [[Judea]] to a young [[Virginity|virgin]], by the [[Holy Spirit]]. The [[gospel of Matthew]] describes the virgin birth of Jesus as fulfilling the prophecy of [[Isaiah]] 7:14. The [[gospel of Luke]] relates that the angel [[Gabriel]] visited Mary in order to announce to her that she had been chosen to bear the [[Son of God]].<ref>[[Luke]] 1:26–38</ref>

There is an interesting contrast in the portrayal of Mary by the [[Gospel of Luke]] and the [[Gospel of John]],<ref>https://udayton.edu/imri/mary/g/gospels-of-luke-and-john-differences.php</ref> which were independently written having very little overlap.

=== Various Names ===
*[[Protestantism|Protestant]]: '''Mother of Jesus'''
*[[Catholic Church|Catholic]]/[[Orthodox Church|Orthodox]]: '''Blessed Virgin Mary/Our Lady'''
*[[Hebrew]]: '''מִרְיָם''' (Miriam, lit. "Rebellious/Stubborn")
*[[Greek]]: '''Μαρία'''
*[[Latin]]: '''Sanctae Mariae'''
*[[Spanish]]: '''Virgen María'''
*[[German]]: '''Heiligen Maria'''
*[[French]]: '''Notre-Dame'''
*[[Italian]]: '''Madonna'''
*[[Japanese language|Japanese]]: '''マリヤ/ミリアム''' (MaRiYa/MiRiAMu, transliterated)
*[[Korean language|Korean]]: '''마리아/미리암''' (MaLiA/MiLiAm, transliterated)
*[[Arabic language|Arabic]]: '''مريم/ماريا'''

== Crucifixion ==
[[Image:Murillo Inmaculada de El Escorial.jpg|thumb|right|'''''Inmaculada de "El Escorial"''''' by [[Bartolome Murillo]]]]
Mary was present during the [[crucifixion]] of Jesus Christ along with other women who had followed Jesus from [[Galilee]].

While Jesus was hanging on the cross, "there stood by the cross of Jesus, his mother, and his mother's sister, Mary Cleophas, and [[Mary Magdalene]]. When Jesus therefore had seen his mother and the disciple standing whom he loved, he saith to his mother: Woman, behold thy son. After that, he saith to the disciple: Behold thy mother. And from that hour, the disciple took her to his own" (John 19:25-27).

==Differing Views of Mary==
Various Christians have varying views regarding whether Mary should be adored/venerated, prayed to, and whether or not she retained her virginity eternally. Generally, the Catholic view is that the veneration of Mary is an essential belief of the Catholic Church. Additionally, the Eastern Orthodox Church and Anglo-Catholics tend to venerate Mary.
<ref>[http://www.eich.com/allan/Catholics%20and%20Protestants%20believe.htm The Saints and the Virgin Mary]</ref>
<ref>[http://www.letusreason.org/RC8.htm Problems with the Mary of Roman Catholicism]</ref>
<ref>[http://www.johnankerberg.org/Articles/roman-catholicism/RC0300W4.htm The Biblical, Catholic, and Occult View of Mary]</ref>
<ref>[http://www.ianpaisley.org/article.asp?ArtKey=mary1 Cult of Mary - Part One]</ref>
<ref>[http://www.ianpaisley.org/article.asp?ArtKey=mary2 Cult of Mary - Part Two]</ref>
However, Protestant views tend to be split, with some Protestants holding the belief that veneration of Mary is counter to what the Bible teaches.
<ref>[http://www.letusreason.org/RC8.htm Problems with the Mary of Roman Catholicism]</ref>
<ref>[http://www.johnankerberg.org/Articles/roman-catholicism/RC0300W4.htm The Biblical, Catholic, and Occult View of Mary]</ref>
<ref>[http://www.ianpaisley.org/article.asp?ArtKey=mary1 Cult of Mary - Part One]</ref>
<ref>[http://www.ianpaisley.org/article.asp?ArtKey=mary2 Cult of Mary - Part Two]</ref>
For some Anglican Christians Mary has an special position within God's purpose of salvation. (Catholics, Orthodox, and Anglicans, tend to make a clear distinction between veneration (which may be due to other saints) and adoration which is due only to God).

When it comes to Mary, Catholics and Protestants have often been at odds. However, there are growing signs that differences over Mary may become less apparent. Some Protestant leaders are evaluating whether a greater emphasis on Mary may need to be considered. <ref>[http://www.understandthetimes.org/current_transcripts/text/mar2007/2175.shtml Understand The Times MARYIANITY] by Roger Oakland </ref>

The Website ReligionFacts states:
{{cquote|....most Protestants have shown a great deal of honor and respect for Mary. [[Martin Luther]] said Mary is "the highest woman," that "we can never honour her enough," that "the veneration of Mary is inscribed in the very depths of the human heart" and that we should "wish that everyone know and respect her." John Calvin said, "It cannot be denied that God in choosing and destining Mary to be the Mother of his Son, granted her the highest honor." Zwingli said, "I esteem immensely the Mother of God," and, "The more the honor and love of Christ increases among men, so much the esteem and honor given to Mary should grow." <ref> [http://www.religionfacts.com/christianity/beliefs/mary.htm Mary in the Reformation and Protestantism] </ref>}}

Mary's passage into Heaven is celebrated by Roman Catholics as The [[Feast of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary]] (March 25 and August 15). This Feast is a Public Holiday in many countries. In 1950, [[Pope Pius XII]] formally declared to be dogma the belief in the corporeal assumption of Mary, which is known as the [[Assumption of Mary]].
{{cquote|''Scripture and tradition agree in ascribing to Mary the greatest personal sanctity; She is conceived without the stain of original sin; She shows the greatest humility and [[patience]] in her daily life (Luke 1:38, 48); She exhibits an heroic patience under the most trying circumstances (Luke 2:7, 35, 48; John 19:25-27)... within the first fifty years after the death of St. John the veneration of Mary is proved to have flourished in the Church of Rome.'' <ref>[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15464b.htm Catholic Encyclopedia.]</ref>}}

The Orthodox Church expresses reverence toward the Blessed Virgin by the many feast days commemorating the various events in her life. In prayers the Virgin Mary is called Theotokos, which in Greek means the Mother of God, since the One Who was born from her was at the time of conception and always will be the true God.<ref>[http://www.fatheralexander.org/booklets/english/mary.htm Honoring the Blessed Virgin Mary]</ref>

<center>
“Henceforth all generations will call me blessed.” Mary, Luke 1:48.
</center>

=== Marian Prayers ===
[[Image:Virgen.jpg|right|Virgin Mary and Child]]

There is controversy over whether one should pray to Mary and the saints, as many hold the belief that prayers should be offered directly to God or Christ. Catholics hold that Mary does intercession for the faithful and that as sinners, it is unholy for persons to approach God. This is contrary to the protestant view, which says that Christ came to tear the veil of the temple so that Christians may have direct communion with God, not through a Judge or Prophet, but with Christ. This does not however, have any direct implication on the beauty of prayers created by either Protestant or Catholic churches.

[http://campus.udayton.edu/mary/maryprayers.html Classical Catholic Prayers]

The Catholic prayer "[[Hail Mary]]" (Ave Maria) has its roots in Luke 1:42 where Elizabeth (who is Mary's cousin) salutes Mary and in Luke 1:28 where the Arch Angel Gabriel salutes Mary.

''Hail Mary, full of grace, the Lord is with thee, blessed art thou among women<ref>Luke 1:28,42</ref> and blessed is the fruit of thy womb<ref>Luke 1:42</ref> Jesus. Holy Mary, Mother of God, pray for us sinners now, and at the hour of our death. [[Amen]].''

Other Catholic prayers:
* Salve Regina (Hail, Holy Queen)
* Litany of the Blessed Virgin Mary
* Mary, Mother of Grace
* [http://campus.udayton.edu/mary//prayers/mpray01.html Prayer of the memorial of Our Lady of Guadalupe]
* Mary, Help of Those in Need
* [http://campus.udayton.edu/mary//prayers/mpray01.html Sub Tuum Praesidum]

=== Virginity of Mary ===
There is evidence to suggest that Mary later had children by her husband [[St. Joseph|Joseph]], based on the view of the word "until" and (in some translations) "firstborn" in Matthew 1:25<ref>Matthew 1:25</ref>, as well as references to brothers and sisters of Jesus, with James the Just among those listed, in Matthew 13:55, Mark 6:3, and Galatians 1:19.<ref>Matthew 13:55</ref> <ref>Mark 6:3</ref> <ref>Galatians 1:19</ref>.
However, many Catholics and Orthodox Christians believe that Mary remained a virgin after the birth of Jesus citing that historical use of words like "brethren" and "brothers and sisters" could also apply to stepbrothers, cousins, and other relatives,<ref>According to The 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia;
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02767a.htm</ref> and that, historical uses of "until" do not necessarily imply an end, for example, "until the end of time" in Matthew 28:20, when time has no end in Christianity.<ref>http://www.newadvent.org/bible/mat001.htm#vrs16</ref> <ref>Matthew 28:20</ref>

== Major Apparitions ==
[[Image:Fatima.jpg|right]]
*[http://www.memorare.com/mary/app1531.html Guadalupe, 1531]
*[http://www.memorare.com/mary/app1858.html Lourdes, 1858]
*[http://www.memorare.com/mary/app1917.html Fatima, 1917]

In the US, '''Lady of Prompt Succor''', (New Orleans, United States, 1809). Wind-blown fire changes directions, sparing the convent; President of the United States [[Andrew Jackson]] credits the Lady with the victory in the famous Battle of [[New Orleans]] in 1815.

== Outside Christianity ==

Several hundred years after Mary lived, [[Muhammad]] mentioned her (Marian) and his words were recorded by his followers in the [[Koran]].
It should also be noted that Fatima, a Portuguese town where a major apparition took place, was named after one of Muhammad's daughters<ref>http://www.pbs.org/muhammad/ma_women.shtml</ref>

==See also==
*[[Our Lady of Guadalupe]]
*[[Ave Maria]]
*[[Annunciation]]
*[[Mary Magdalene]]
*[[Rosary]]
*[[Virgin Mary gallery]]
*[[St. Joseph]]
*[[Jesus Christ]]

== External links ==
[[Image:Mary Flag.jpg|right]]

*[https://www.christianity.com/wiki/holidays/who-was-mary-the-mother-of-jesus.html Who Was Mary the Mother of Jesus?], Christianity.com
*[https://christiananswers.net/dictionary/mary-motherofjesus.html Mary the mother of Jesus the Christ], Christiananswers.net
*[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15464b.htm The Blessed Virgin Mary] Catholic Encyclopedia.
*[http://www.fatheralexander.org/booklets/english/mary.htm Blessed Virgin Mary]
*[http://www.scborromeo.org/prayers/rosary.htm#mary The Rosary]
*[http://www.memorare.com/mary/index.html Hail Mary] Information on the Blessed Virgin Mary.
*[http://www.cancunsteve.com/guadalupe.htm The Mystery of the Virgin of Guadalupe]
*[http://www.catholiclinks.org/virgenotrasaparicionesenglish.htm Virgin Mary, Other Apparitions]
*[http://www.iclnet.org/pub/resources/text/cri/cri-jrnl/web/crj0079a.html Apparitions of the Virgin Mary, A Protestant Look at a Catholic Phenominon: Part Two]
*[http://www.catholic.org/encyclopedia/view.php?id=8318 Feast of the Holy Name of Mary]
*[http://campus.udayton.edu/mary/aboutmary2.html The Mary Page] About Mary.

==References==
[[Image:Virgin - Tzanes of Crete, 1664..jpg|thumb|Virgin and Child, Emmanuel Tzanes of Crete, 1664.]]
<references/>

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